11th Session of the European Commission for the control of Foot and Mouth Disease (EuFMD)

FAO LIBRARY FICHE AN: 59243

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Reports· of sessions 9f the European Comi;ni,ssion for the Control of Foot.and-Mouth Disease were issued as;follows: ·.' ; First Sessi9n, · Rome,:2'r-:·30 July 1954 . (mimeographed document) Second Session~·- Rome, 16-17 March ·1955 ., (Meeting Report No. 1955/5) Third Session;: · :~pme, 22-23 March 1996 (Meeting Report N~. ·195:6/10) F6µrth Sessibn. · Rome, -3 .1pr1I 1957 . "'• .(M~eting Report No. 1957/5) ,_· ' Fifth. Se~sion,.

Rom_e.

17;.18 April :.195·~ .. /(Meetfng Report _No>1958/6) ,• . ..

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Since the establish,ment of the, AnimaL>Prodt.iction and Health' Division in Januar,~ 1~59. ·the serieo _of, ::in.nu~.!- 1chronofogical · numbers'· ·refer to· reports· issued by this ,.Division·.· ,· · , ' .· .

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··Sixth Se~sion,· ·· Rome. 7-9 'Aprif':1959 ~·: (Me_~ti~g Report Nt>. AN/1959/1) SeV'enth S'.ession, Rome, 16-18 M~rc.H l960 '(~~eting Report.,No, _AN/1990/1) _--~i_ghth·_ S~s~ion, _· Rome! 14;.16 M,~rct)" 1961 {Meeting _,Report No. ANt1961/2) · Ninth Sess1·on, . ~ome, 27~29'March 1962 (Meeting Report 1 No,i-AN/1Q6~/2) Em~rge:nGY Meetrng, ,Rome, 20-21 Julyj962'(Meeting Report- No. AN/l9,,62/6) li~nth ,$.ession,. · ·Rdm~~_ 1'7~,19.,Ap_rH·19:54 •(Meefirig_Report No. AN/1963/2) 1

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Meeting Report .AM

1964/2

REPORT of the

ELEVENTH SESSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE

hold in

Rorae, Italy

24-26 March? 1964

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations March 1964 Rome, Italy

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CONT:illl'TTS Page IUTRODUCTION • •

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Adoption of Agenda

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PARTICIPA'I'ION IN THE MEETIHG. Delegations

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Observers from Countries ••

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Observers from International Or:;::mizations.

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FAO Staff

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FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN EUROPE SINCE ';:HJJ L.AST SESSION. • Position in Europe::m Countries. •

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VaccinGtion of Pigs ••

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Efficiency of Vaccines

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Imports and Exports of Livostoc:: anc1 Products of.

Livestock Origin FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE HJ r11 ~ID N:JAR EAST

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Rl.';})ORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COiJIU'1.1T..JE.

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ADHilHSTRATIVE BUDGETS .AND ACCOUNTS

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RESEARCH GROUP OF THE COI.'lMISSION' s ST.urnnm TECHNICAL COMll'l:ITTEE • • • ., • • , • • • • • • • • • •

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ELECTIONS • • •

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ADOPTION OF TEE REPORT OF '11I-IE SESSim; • • APPENDIX I The Position of Foot-and-Llouth Disease in Europe since the Last Session • • • • • ■ , • • • • •

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APPEiiDIX II Tho Posi tio:r... of S.ATi Virus and SATi Campaign

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Si tu2.tio:r.. in C~n;;rus and the Near East • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , •

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APPENDIX III

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APPENDIX IV

Report of tho Executive Corn:ni ttee • • • • • • • • • • •

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APPENDIX V Budgets f'or

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APPENDIX VI Accounts for the Two'.lve l'lfol"_ths endod 3i :CeCGr:J.bor 1963 • • • • . • . • .

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IN1:l.1RODUCTION Sir John No Ritchie 5 Chairman, opened the Session. He introduced Mr. Oris V. Wells 9 Deputy Director-General 7 Food and Agriculture Organi­ zation of the United Nations, who welcomed the delegates and observers· and especially the delegate of Sweden which was the 16th country to adhere to the Constitution of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. He referred briefly to the work of the Commission since the last Sessiono In dealing with the control of the SAT1 infection in Turkey and Greece, he spoke of the valuable assistance received from European countries and tho European Economic Community which had contributed f mds and vaccine for the campaign. He also spoke of the continuing interest in the campaign and gave as an example the recent additional contribution of £125,000 (US$35O,ooo) by the United Kingdom.

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After thanking Mr. Wells for his address 9 tho Chairman info:::-med the Session of Dr. Gaier 1 s absence because of illness and also intimated that the Government of Greece has nominated Dr, G. Tsitsiyannis as the delegate to the Commission in the place of Dr, Po Papachristophilou who had resigned from the office of Director of Veterinary Services. An apology for the absence of a delegation from Greece was received.

ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA

The following agenda 9 which haQ been circulated 9 were adoptedg 1.

Adoption of Agenda

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Position of foot-and-moath disease in Europe since the last Session.

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Position of SAT: virus and .Activities of the Commission in this connection.

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Report of the Executive Committee.

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Administrative budgets and accounts.

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Election of Chairman.

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Election of Vice-Chairman.

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Election of Executive Committee.

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Any other business

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PARTICIPATION IN THE SESSION .Delegations ]elgium

Dr, A. Docquier Chief Veterinary Inspector 3? rue du Meridien Brussels

Dro JoE,Mo Leunen Chief? I~oot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory Veterinary Research Institute 99 Grc~selenberg Denmark

Dr, C.I. Werdelin Director of Veterinary Services Nyropsgade 37 Copenhagen

Ireland

Mr. M.G. Hynes Acting Director Veterinary Services Departraent of Agriculture Dublin

Italy

Prof, A, Ademollo Director-General of Veterinary Services Ministry of Health Rome (EUR) Prof, Carlo Roetti Veterinary Inspector General Ministry of Health Rome (EUR) Prof. B. Ubertini Director Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Via Cremona 282 Brescia Prof, V. Zavagli Director Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Rome - Cap@mellE:

Luxembourg

Dr, M. Theisen Veterinary Inspector General Ministry of Agriculture 1 9 rue de la Congregation Luxembourg

Netherlands

Dr. J. ,M:. van den Born Director of Veterinary Services 1ste v.d. Boschstraat 4 The H§n01..le Dr. J.G~ van Bekkum Diroctor Central Veterinary Institute Grote Kattenburgerstraat 7 Amsterdam C Mr. C.C.L. Lygenraam Agricultural Attache Netherlands Embassy Via Mancini 2 Rome

Norway

Dr. R. Vollan Director of Veterin'ary Services Ministry of .Agriculture Akersga tan 4 2 Oslo Dep.

Portugal

Dr. J.A. da Rosa Azevedo Chief 1 Animal Heal th Service Rua Victor Cordon 4-1° Lisbon

Sweden

Dr. G. Bjorkman Director General Veterinary Board Veterinarstyrelsen Stockholm 3

Switzerland

Dr, E. 1' ritschi Director of Federal Veterinary Office Birkenweg 61 1

Berne

Turkey

Dr, M, Nazlioglu Chief~ Section for tte Control of Infectious :Oisensos Ministry of Agriculture Ankara Mr. K. Inan Fi::'.'st Sec::cetary Embassy of the Republic of 'Turkey 28 1 Via Palestro ~

- 4 Sir JolL"l N. Ritchie Chief Veterinary Officer Ministry of Agriculture 9 Fisheries and. Food Hook Rise Soutr_ 9 Tolworth Surbiton 1 Surrey

United Kingdom

Mr, E. Conn Chief Veterinary Officer N. Ireland Dundonald House Belfast (Northern Ireland) Mr. C.F. Pennison Counsellor (Agriculture) Permanent Delegate to FAO British Embassy Rome Dr. S. Mihajlovic Director, Federal Veterinary Services Postfah 26 :Selgrade 25

Yugoslavia

Dr. A. Sedej Chief 1 Veterinary Services of Slovenia Titova 19 Ljubljana Observers from Countries Finland.

Mr. Pentti Lerkki Attache Embassy of the Republic of Finland P.le Belle Arti 3 Rome

France

Dr. H. Gasse Director of Veterinary Services 3 5 rue Barbet de Jouy Paris

Israel

Dr. E.L. Samuel Counsellor for Agrarian Affairs and Representative of Israel to FAO Embassy of Israel Via MicLele Mercati 12 Rome

Ru.mania

Dr. N. Muntiu Chief 9 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Section "Pasteur" Institute for Veterinary Research and ;l:ly~Products Rue Giulesti 333 Bucarest

Spain

Don F.J. Garcia Ramos Ai5 ricultura: Attache

Spanish Embassy Via Lima 23 Rome

USA

Dr. Ralph C. Fish Chief? European Mission for Research on Animal Diseases 9 .Animal Disease and Parasitic Research Division US Department of Agriculture c/o .Anerican Consulate Amsterdam Dr. A.A. Heflin Am~ European-African Representive Animal Dissase Eradication Division, USDA .American Embassy

Observers from International Organizations Office International des E,Pizooties (OIE)

Dr. R. Vittez Director, OIE 12 9 rue de Prony Paris (1 7e) OIE and. World Veterinary Association

Dr. R. Willems Presidcnt 9 Permanent OIE Foot-and-Moutl,1 Disease Commission 106 Av. Mon tjoie Brussels 18

European Confederation of :!kgriculture

Prof, I. Al ts,ra Viale Bruno Buozzi 18 Rome

FAO Staff

Dr. K.V.1. Kesteven Director Animal Production 9Ld Health Division Ilr. Ervin A. Eichhorn Chief 9 .Animal Health Branch Anima::.. Production and Heal th Division Dr. W. Ross Cockrill AssistaDt to -;:,he Director Animal Production and Health Division

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FAO Staff /cont'd •• Dro N.R. Reid Chief, Section of Tropical Veterinary Medicine Animal Health Branch Animal Production and Health Division Dr. P • R. Elli s Ohief, Section of Veterinary Medicine Animal Hec1l th Branch Animal Production and Heal th Division Dr. J.G. Rumeau Chief, Section of Veterinary Education and Research Animal Heal th Branch Animal Prcductio~ and Health Division Dr. D.M.L. McGee Veterinarian Animal Heal th Branch Animal Production and Heal th Division Sir Thomas Dalling· Consultant, European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Animal Production and Health Division Dr. G.M. Boldrini Secretary, European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Animal Production and Health Division

FOOT-.Alrn- MODTH DISEASE IN EUROPE SDfCE THE LAST SESSION

A considerable arn.ount of information on the :oosi tion in 1963 is :r;rovided in Append.ix I of this ro:0ort. Dele,:,·ates and observers spoke on the position in th:.iir ccu:ntries 1 giving further details up to the present time.

Luxemburg. The outbreaks which bec~a.n in Decomooc:: 1963 were the first to oecur since the disease wc::.,s eradicated from t-1:e cou:ntry in 1957 following an extensive campaign. :n all~ there irere 8 out-breaks, in 5 of which pigs only were involvod. It is c:Jinoidental that, when these outbreaks took place 9 fresh pork was imported into the country for the first time for 6 yesrs o 'I'he 0 ausal virus was type C. All pigs involved were slaughtered and vaccination of onttlc vras ca,1'ried out, using trivalent v-acoine. Luxemburg :'las now been freo of the disease for two months. fra.nce. The progreGs in the control of foot-and-mouth disease aG the result of the measures introduced in recent years has been naintained.

In 1963, there were, in all 9 25 outbreaks compared with 198 in 1962 and 2,626 in 1961. No cases were reported in the period August - October 1963, It was sor;:etim0s very difficult ·,,o -i;race thE. origin of the outbreaks, In general, when cattle were involvod 1 it was :::inly animals which had been vaccinn.ted 12 □ onths or earlier or ha.d not boon vaccinated.

In throe of tho outbreaks 1 pigs only w0re involved, From outbrea~s~ 0 virus was iden tifiod on 5 occasions j A on uno occasion and C on 7 occasions, All outbreaks in 1963 were sta.'TI.ped out; 532 cattle, 9 sheep and 736 pigs bein.c, slaughtorod, Thero was a sriw,11 recrudescence of foot-and-mouth disease j_n th0 southern part of France near tho Spanish frontier with 3 outbreaks in Januar'y 1964 Lnd continu8d into February whon there were 22 outbreaks. r11l:e infection ·.rhich bec,·an in pigs and which was identified as typo C virus wets spread through markets o By the adoption of energetic measures which included the:: slaughter of 1791 pigs, 214 cattle and 92 sheep, the outbreaks have been su:p:pre:.rned, Strict police veterinary measures a::::-e ·being adopted at t:a.e frontier to prevent illegal movements of pigs, Spain. Spain was free of foot-and-moutl:. disease between March 1961 and the end of December 1963 when the diEease was diagnosecl in the vicinity of Monterey in tl10 fronti<~r pro-vinco of Orensci in cattle and pigs. The infecting virus was diagnosed as t;y-:pe A5, In controlling the3e outbreaks 225 cattle, 140 pigs and 6 shcop were slaughtered, A few sporadic outbreaks in other provinces, all o~used by virus type A5 9 were reported in January 1964; 720 fattening pigs Wt.lre slaughtered. The 177 affeotGd and ii1-contaot cattle were placed in isolation. In all outbreaks, the disease Tias cild in character.

Portugal. Portugal was freo fr01I! fcot-and-mouth disease bet1--1een July •961 and January 1964 Hhen 4 small outbreaks occurred in the north of the country. These outbreaks we:re soon fellowed by an outbreak near Lisbon in cattlo which had come from the sane northern region. In February and in ffarch, 5 moro ,Jutbrea.ks involving 35 oattlo and. one pig were reported~ two ir. tho northern aTea and three near Lisbon. The disease was rnild in character. The causal virus has not b0en typed because of the difficulty of obtaining suitable fresh material. Vaccination is boin 1~ carried out, using vaccine from the Netherlands.

(After the Session,information was obtained that the virus involved was type A)

_Belgium.

Foot-and-mouth disease caused by virus type C appeared in illegally int::oduced pigs antl gave rise to 57 outbreaks which necossi tated the slaughter of over 2 9 000 pigs.

The:ro were also t-rro ot:1er outbrea~rn in June 1963 in which virus type A~ was identified.

In tl:.e outbreaks caused by virus type C, pii;s seemed to be the only species susce1)tible and. tl:e viru.s appeared to spread rapidly.

The incubation poriod. vms 3-5 da;rs and affect ea. younc pigs died within 48 hours vii th out the oocu1~rence of any lesions in many cases.

Typical foot lesions we1°e produced in older pies in Y✓~1ich there was a high mortality.· Some expe:~ir::ental vwrk was carried. out on thi;1 strain of C virus in Belgiun.

Intradermo-linzual injection of the virus :Ln cattle conf:i.nned its loTT pathogenicity for cattle as had been noted in the field~ in pigs, however, the injection of vi:rus crn..J.sed ma:clced lesions and severe disease.

Vaccine prepared with the usual C ty~e virus of bovine origin comJl0tely protected pigs against the type C virus usod in the ~reparation oi t~o vaccine: it gave no· protection, however, against the C type virus from pigs in the 1963 outbreak.

A satis:factory vaccine~ hmvever$ was obtained by usinc C virus grevm on tissue C\tlture.of porcine origin., Whilo ,:~uincapigs shmwd li·~tJo mrnco1>ti'bility to tho virus, ::.. t co.usod -l.;ho <lea th of lmlw taico in 36 :'lours.

In :Belgium, annual vaccination oi' cattle is carriec~ out as a compulsory raeasure between October and April.

E~cherland~.

All the ou·~breaks in the Netherlands~ except two '- one near Amsterdam and one in the East of the country - have "irnoE in ::;iigs.

Bet·ueen ]ecember 1962 anci Octobe1· 1963 9 there were over 2,000 01,'.tbreaks in which over 100,000 pigs were slaugl1tered and destroyedg in acldi tion 9 92 cattle 9 mostly young unvaccinated animals 9 and 62 s~eep were aluughte:ced.

There were no further outbreaks reported until December 1963, since when new outbreaks have been occt:1~:rintS' near the German border. 'l1he outbreaks ( 15) in the last vreek have c~usea. the closing of markets in '~he no:cth and in the east of the country.

Vaccination has ··)een ca2°ried out on some thousands of pigs: even vaccination on two occasions dooa not appear to induce a lasting immunity. .Farr,1ers may have pigs vc.ccinated if they wish, but only under conclitions 9 one of which is revaccination at a stated time.

Denmark,

The country was free of the disease until tho etiC:. of September

1963 and again has boen. freo since tho end of January 1964; in the intervening period there ,vere 22 outbreaks, all in pi 0 s 2.r"Ll all in the south of the countr3r and in the islands.

Type C virus was identified in these outbreaks.

Cattle have not been affected but unvaccinated cattle on the af:f'ected farms were slaughtered and destroyed as well as the :i)igs. all 9 2053 pigs and 268 cattle we:re slaughtered.

Ring v2.ccination 9 using monovc.l ent vaccine type 0 1 han been carried out 2 over 100 9 000 cattle have been vaccinated.

Tho country is a_::;ain free.

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_~witzerland.

In 1963 9 there were 144 outbreaks in whict 3360 cattle and 2632 pigs and. other small livestock were slaughtered.

During Janua:ry and Feb1·uary, virus type O was identified in the outbreaks and was again found in L,:ay and June in outbreaks in other parts of the country.

In June 9 also, virus type C appeared near Liechtenstein.

Bo tween .August and lfovember, the country was free fron the disease.

T'a.o source of some of the outbre,U::s was found to be whey, _milk r~ron infected co1i1s havine boon procossod before the disoaso vrns recognised in tho herds.

Vaccines, prepared with virus type O were four1d to be giving somt3what unsatisfactory rusults compared with those formerly in use.

This led to careful examination of the field strain of

- 9 tho t;y-pe O virus 2ncl it was sho,m clu, t ti1is ,3tr!.l,in ;Jj_ffc,red somowhat from the b strain used fer v:.1cciL.o production. E:x:,;,rni:nation ;,f this fiold strain ruvoaled ,:, stri'..dn,:; rosE,;nblancu to th0 ty,)o Cl virus found in outbreaks in pigs noar Brug0s, Bolgiuril. Inc. r1or:1ti_:;n cf tho field strain in t::w vaecine, :produced a satisf'actcry p:coduc:t. '::t1nro was a somowhat similar .9oaiti0n rot;-s,rd.l.nl~ vi:::·uf, t;ypn C i:md ~1.,;ro :~,ge,in 9 incorpor:1tion of the, fiold s·:;1'2vin :c.ad tu be <)::r:c'iuJ. cut, 2:n J3Xluary 1964, tho:::·e were: 2 outbrcak:s ( typ,:, 8) ::cr:cl in l'!Iarch 5

7 outbro:1ks in othe:,, partr:: of t:i.o ccuntr;y wL:.:n virur:, tyJJ:, A uas identified.

Most of tl:.0se outbrec,irn boc'u.n in pigs ;:_",_,nd seernud to b2 related to contact with material from infected meat.

Italy. Tho disaase position sc0ced to improve fu~ring t~c: first 9 months of 1963, bu:t d.urini tho l:::.st que..rter of the yoar 3 there ·,rn,s a rGcrudoscence of tho disease caused by 2, scrain of virus tyJ)O O which 1 as the rosul t of serological tests 5 apricared tc hav0 characteristics sor:im·rhat between thoso of t;ypical 02 1.:mcl ti::e 058 varian"c. It was hib'l:l;y- pathogenic for pigs. Vaccine prc:Parod with tho usual type O virus failed to 6 ivo complc:te protec--cion in th0 :field an::l rovaccin-.:;,tion c·,ftE:•r a Jloriod 9 using monovalent homolo 6 ous vaccin0, wc1s n"'cessa:;;y: this gav0 satisfactory prot:::,ction. In 196~, 9 there wore 5,110 outtr:;aks~ compare(i with 5,223 in 1962. In tho 1165 ·oositivo ropocimcns ,):wminocl 1 virus ty1Jo A was identi:::iGd in 348 9 typo O in 648 m1d typo C i.n 169. Du.ring ·G110 yu.c:, thoro has beon a marked regression c: t,ypo C. (Corn5-,ulsory vaccination is now boing carried out around. out·orod-:s :md all rumina.:n. ts to o,., moved to hiishland pastures 2.:ro roq_uir0d to bo vaccin2,tucl. A pro~uct is now being studiod for c compulso ...'y slauchtor a."ld vaccin:;:tion policy.

Yugoslavia. In M0,y 1963 9 foot-and-mouth di:3oar3u was cliagnosud in cattle in th0 southern part o.f tls,..; cc"J.ntry noar t:ns Groo;.~ bord0r g virus type 0 was idontifiod. ::E:n :1llj 1287 c,1ttl0, 3,855 sh00p arid 2,125 ::_oie·s wore, slaughtered, Thoro wo,s an cx~c,~ndit:.1r0 o:c ov:.;r 1 9 000,000 US clollars in connection i-1i th tho eradication of the so outbro:..1.ks. Tho com1tr·y has been froo sinco July 1963. In Fobru;.,ry 1964 9 all cattl0 and sh0cp in an area 30 km dcop in tho rog·ion of t}i" Gruok frontL,r 1rnro vaccinn,tcd.

Greece-.- No outbreaks c3.,usocl by virus typo SNI1 :·rnre ropor-:;od in Grooce in 1963. '.i:hore T110re, howov;)r 9 numorous outbrocics caused. oy virus typo O, mainly in the northorr. p0,rt of th,, 001..m try, Extonsivo vaccination against virus types SAT•i and O w::i,s carried out during- 1963. At tho end of 196.3, thoro was a vory considurablo i:-.1provm:-.unt of the foct-:md-mouth disoaso posi tiion in Greece (addi i;ionn.1 inforc1u ,.i.0 ~ 1.·, t\Pl)Ondices 1 and

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Bulgaria. Bulgaria. r(Jm:1inc;d fr0u cf tho disc;;,~f::o during '196.3, Vaccination was carried out 3,gainst virus t;y-pus S.AT1 and C in the bu1~for zone and along tl:i.o frontiur with Uroocc sx:d Yugosl;:wia, Tlh.:ro was also depopulation of livostock in tho buff0r zono ( additional il1forrnatio1: in ::i,ppondices 1 m1.d

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10 Tu1~1~.

Ara extensive account of tl10 position i;~1 Turl:oJr and the SAT1 campaign is G~i ·ven in A.f·J?e:;J.tlix II. The dele[;ation fron: T1.n·::::cy gave some fui~the1' i::'.,fo:c: 0,aticn.

In 1963, the1°0 were 3,398 villages infected ,;,d_ th 1'oot-an0.-r;1outl1 c'.:i.,3ec1se, which is a 55 percent h1crease cf inciclence compared with 19 ;_11 the outbreaks were eradicated by February 1964.

I~ 1963, t~1ere wsre 5,917,440 susceptible animals eJ:posed to the infection, of which 2,769,491 ( .8 percent) developed foot-and-mouth disease and 18,484 (o.6 percent) of the in~ectod animals died.

During ·) 963, 2, ~21? field specimens vrere e::2.rr.ir.ed ~:'·;n' virus content at the Etlik Institute.

'11 he results were that virus ·::;T1.)0 0 vms identified in 652 (48 percent) a~d type SAT1 in 706 (52 percent) of tie positive samples.

Since 1 January 1964, tl:ere have been SO new out1:,:;:,eaks in Turlrny of Yrhich 35 are still beine;: cleal t with.

The;y have occuJ:red s1,oradically in 20 ·:::irovinces.

Typing of t:'1e virus cnusing the so ner, outbreaks has shovm that the ratio of virus SAT1 to virus O v,as 1 ~ 3.

In nll, 68,193 susceptible aninals were exJosed to the infection; 9,038 beca□ e infected and 43 of tl::.em died.

'I'?ie clinical symptoms and lesic:n:::; c1re leE,s severe and the death rate is lower tha::1. in 1963, Since tho besinning of i 964, there :Crnve been 'i' outbroaks in 'l'hrace 1 :;.ll S}Jeciuens which have been ex2,rnined havinc been :i.clentii'ied as virus ty1,e O; there has been no SATi virus identified in r::'hrace since September i 963 a::ic-:. none in the bul'fer :::rnne since lfovember 1962.

During discussion, it r,as established t:rnt the:r-e LT, at p:tesent, no intention ol' using attenuated vi:"cus-vaccine in Tur':e;y.

Rumania. lvlo:'.'e 3,ccurate inf::::rnation on the posi ti oil o:i: ::'..'oot-ancl-mouth disease in nui:1ani.a has beer. twcdlablo since 1928 when it ,)ecane poscible to iclentify tl::.o tvnos of "c11e virus cauE;ing out1)ronks. <:'ince 1928, th8re havo lJeen six ~1Jizoo1'ics L'1 the countr;f, tho c3,:rnal viruses being identified as typos O or A: in four of the epi~ootics, either type O Ol' type A alone Vl2.,D :LcLe,1tL:'iec, wr_Lln "":-Jo·ch -jzn,,bs, i::~ t;: one or the other predominating, ~ero found in the other two.

Du.:i..•in.g tie })eriod 1928-1947, the country w-as involved in f'oot-andmoutl'. disease foJ: 79 :percorct of tho time.

'11 ho method o:E' control was tl:e s::,,:r,:,licatior.. of sr:mi t2,ry :noasuros, a9htj_zation and 00~:10 sma:;.1-scale vaccination.

Begiin1ing in 1948, large-scale vaccination, using vaccine p:.::epared from 1 oca1 strains c1:' virus wa" ii1Jcro6.ucec. ,111c-:. ":.;,c, 6.i sease occurred only during the 21 uorce~t of the time of t~e next neriod.

At tho l)l~esent time? there '..8 n~J foot-and-rnout:r, disease in 2uma;~ia. · The satisfactory co1:trol of tho c.i,sea::;e is b,q,ned or: strict s:1:1i tary measures applied by a central body, zonal prophylactic vaccination in border ro:;:Lon:l and ir.. thro:.1tened areas 5 eai'ly sJ.aughter oi' :Lnfectod c1nd incontc,ct animals, and :cine VC\CCi11atior, in ar1 area ~"Ii th a radius of 20-50 km around ou"~lirc,:ks.

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German Feeler al Republic.

In 1963 9 as 1.n 19c;2, the:.. e ·were many outbreaks during t:1.e early :cart of the year ,vi t~'1 improveri1eDt clurine; t:1e sw,1IDer and autum:r:. ]urine i 963: thei e wero just over 8,000 outbrealrn against more th~n 11,000 in 1962, Pie □, mostly, have been affected.

Virus type Chas been nost cor::m10nly idei:.tif'iecl: some outbreaks have E,lso been caused. by virus types A and C. 0

0

East German,y_.

Here, also foot--:mcl--mout~'1 disec:rne i,'a,s r2tter vvidespread, especially a~ the beginninc of Lie year.

949 outbreaks were recorded and all three type3 of virus, (A 9 0 and C) were identified cJ.uring the year.

Austria.

There have been no outbreakic: in Austria since April 1963.

From inform.stion received fTom Dr. Gaier after the Session it became evident that the control of the 52 out1Jreaks of :::oot-and.-uou"'.;h disea::ie, which occurred from 27 January to i 3 April 1963 1 cost the Austrian Government about US1~301, 546 in compensation for the slaughte:c oi' tbe infected anim2"ls and for ring vaccination.

Poland.

After an epizootic caused -oy vi:;.~lrn t;/pe O in t::is ea:dy months of Only

1963, there was less foot-and--rnouth disease in Poland during the year. a few outbreaks have been reported up to the present in 1964.

C.S.S.R. 112 outbreaks were reported mainJy during the first part of the year; virus types C and. 0 vrnr:e deuonstrated.

JI-:.:mr-;ary. 0:'lly tvro outbreak,s of foot-and-mouth disease v1ere repo:cted in the count:cy during 1963. _U.S. S. R.

u.s.s.R.,

in 1962.

Genernll;y speat:inc;, in ·ooth the Eu::.. ope;-:m and. Asintic regions of the there was a 1.owo:c incidence of foot-and-mouth disease in 1963 than Vi:i-us ty:ies O ancl A were identii'ied as the cause o: the outbreaks.

0

Norvm;r, Sweden 9 Finland, Iceland a:cd Ire:Lar..d hav0 continued to be free from the clL;ease.

Great Britain.

Tho last outbreak of foot-ar;.d-mo·~1th disease in Great Britain w;;:s- in June 1962.

Thoro ,,-w,s circumstantial eviclonce that -:te1°e formerly were two sourc0s of the virus g ( 1) from the continent of Euro:i,10 by indirect means espocia:'._ly vvhen there 1;:r2.s heav;y L'lfoction in the ~fotho1•J_ands, Belgium, DenmarkJ and the north and west oi' JJ'l 1:rnce 9 J)rorJabl;r oein~: 1coclrnnically tTansported by "birds or -oeing wino.-borno; '.;;.11.Ct (2) by imported reeat fi·orn South American countries.

Tho riatterns ·of the outbreaks arising from these introductions of virus were quite different.

The great improvement of the situation in the European countries had removod tho first source of the infection.

The better mo,::;suron now adopted for tho cor.trol o:'.:' the disease in catt1u in South .American countries, especially in Argentina, but par~icularly the prohibition of impo:.0tation of fresh or frozen yig meat from South Amorican countries since February 1961, have apparently removed the danger from imported South American :neat.

There have been fo;;; oatbreaks in Great Britain since the ban became effective in 1961; 8 in 1961 and only 2 in 1962.

0

- 12 Vaccination of Pigs Research is in progress i~ Ita on tLc ~reparation of a vaccine to prevent foot-and-moutb c.ise8se i·;1 ::;:•ic,::i.

Lc1bc,::v,,ycory o:x:~X'·rimer~ts i1ave sho;;m that, using non'.:>va].ent vaccines p~ce}arer: ·nith c.:::ttlc :Ti;:c•c:ins oi' vi:;:·us ty:9es 0 and A, 16 tiraes the cattle dose 2as required to pr0tsct pigs conpletely, only partial protection being afforded by 4 times the cattle dose.

Using monovalent vo.ccine pro11ared wit:1 virus t;>7pe O ,·/C1ich :nc: so1:10 a.ifferent antigenic cl:.aracteri sti cs ::rom alreacl:0 kn::Y;m O ty::::,es anc'. wh::L c}1 1:ms causing severe disease in pigs in the Po ve~loy, it was fou~d t!1~t vaccination of pigs at the beginning of an outbreak preve~tGd spread of tte dicease by contact, to a considerable extent.

Expe:rir:ie12.ts wore ca1'1'ied 01.r~ i1: 27 commercial piggerios in which 57,440 pigs o:C dL'i'e1·e11 t P.ges and. weights we:::-e vaccinated at the beg:i.nning of tl:.e outbreaks.

C;, .r0fui. ::m:9ervis::.o:1 was carried out until no further case:c; occurreo. 9 which was usually about 20 days.

A dose of' 20 ml, equivalent to 4 times tto 3raount of antisen used for cattle v;as injected subcutaneowsly, irros11ectivc of' the ate or ·i:rei3ht of the pie;i3.

In the exrerii:wnts 1 tlwre v,ere 5,4f32 pi 6 ,: wtich were not vaccinated.

During the :first few· d9,~rs after t:C1e .,,o,ccinations were carried out, 4,928 a:::limals became infected, Tho :fL1sl result was that an01:g the vaccinated pi 0 s~ 9.5 percent became in:i:'ected and. 90.5 percent :remained heal thy.

Al thoug!1 it is kno-;m t]1c1·~ :;: 0·.)ac,l3r only 70 percent of exposed pigs will develop the disease in natural cutbreaks, this result is considered satisfactory.

The important point is the urrn of large amounts of antigen.

0

0

Work carried out in tho lTethorlands i:n tho cou:cso o:i:' 1 ~)62 confirmed e.arlier obso:rvntions made ;J3" othe:rs 9 t:1at a singl·J injoction of a f,~111 dose of foot-and-mouth disease vaccino used in cattlo 9 did not give a satisfactory j_,,mmni"~y in pigs.

Tvm injections o:: t'.,e vaccine c'.; a two-woeks I ir"te:rval gave a high leve.:. o:f 1~ro-toction against contact e~:posu:re.

C'ho i,1Lmni t~,r thus obtained lastecl 5 howovGrJ only about 10 weeks in !1E,l:£' oi:' tl>, vaccinated pigs.

The valuo of m1ch a vaccination ,,:c":iodulo could ::ot be assosriecl from a field trial w·:1ich was carried out 1)0cause tho diEJ Jaso was under control before a sufficiently larco ~art of t~o swine population of t~o area under test could bo fully vaccinated.

1

As the :oot-an~-moutl: di □ oase situation again developed unfavourably in the first wcnths of 1963 9 ths se.r,o r,10t210ci o:'1 a liDi tad scalo waD used in the :field. · In each instance aJ.J. pigs on the farm woro v2,ccim:.ted.

A second dose of vaccine ,;il'as J.dxninistered after a tvro-vrneks t interval a1:d as ::.0115 as the disease was present, the imr.,uno stntus of the '1crd 1.ms maintained. by revaccina ting a:;_1 pig,s on the :fan.1 every tb.:roo months.

In thj_s ":my, 36,000 pigs wei~0 ~reated in April and a :further 35,000 in May. Durinc;· June, the sit,i,<:.ti•~t 'L:!)T'OVOd and only aoout 3,ooo animals received vaccine.

13 In -~~1.c most critical phaso oi ·c~10 epizootic 9 between 10 o.nd 20 percent of the pigs Jlreser_t in the :i.nfectecl ,,om, m0.y ~'lave been immunized.

It seems unlikely that this fraction o.ffected th2 course of the epizootic, although both veter2.na:c;y practitioners and aniw3,l owners f'ee1 that the vaccine has been effective in protecting pigs on individual farm:::i.

It could be shoi:m that b;y- employing e. -ten-•:fold increarrnd q_ucmti ty of antigen o.nd by tho addi ti.on of sapo1,inJ a p:?:'oduct cou1d bo ::1l'OpaTed which 1 af'ter one injection 7 protected 95· to 100 percent of the svrine egainst contact exposure three to fm.1.:-c vrneks lato:>::'c 1i!o'.ro than ten batches of vaccine have been tested with equally good resul tG. Vaccine in which there wan incorporated a virus strain dorived from pigs, but adapted to 6 rowth in cattle toncuc epi the1ium by a few trairnfei·s in that , tissue, gave no batter results than did ~ho standard production cattle strain.

Experit.1ents on the duration of the immunity from the concentrated saponifiod vaccine are in progress.

Results obtained thus far with only a few groups of pies su,;;gost a limited dura"'.::,ion of tho )rotoct~_on, In 1962 5 it ~'lad been observed t:1at two...,.Neoks old pign f'rom suscoptiblG cow·s coulo. be i:nmunized similar to older animals, w·ith the vaccino then in use.

2:n ba·oy pigs~ born fron convaloocon~ sons, neutralizins m;.tibody could bo detoctod as late as throe to four mon~hs after birth.

As it could be suspected. that such antibody mi[c.;ht affoct unfavourably tho response to vaccination, a series of oxporimonts vms carriod out in pin:la·t::: from sows that had been repeatedly vaccina~od In bo.by pigs borr-1 rrorn so·vm tl:.at h0.d received tvw :i.njocti.ons of a normal vaccino 9 as used in eattlo~ at t·,n 1,1ooks; into:rval 9 no antibody cou::i.d bo detected at the ago of ono month.

If the mother had receiveo. a thii~cl vaccination at s.bout six moraths after tho first two 9 antibouy COl:'.lc1 roculo.rly lJO dotoctod in tho bab;:r pigs up to tho a&'O ~., of 12 to 1L ~v-eoks, In small scal0 ti~ialn, tho anti body love ls in such piglotr; &.t tho age of

6

10 weeks inhibited a response to the vaccine.

Iurthor work is in progress" Jlho rosul ts nov1 available raise sono scepticism on tho possibility of 2,dopting systematic vaccination of pigs in the co~~-~rOl of foot-and-mouth disease fo:..· ar.y prolonged period.

It scams more likely tha~ mass vaccination of all Jigs in only tho endangorod area Y,ill bo a promising method of using any vaccine.

In order to stay offoctivo, this typo of vaccination should not have to be employed too lone; in ono particular PiG 11 o=iulat:'...011.

It is apparent that veterinary police moasuros would remain an essential tool to support suer_ 3 vaccination campaii;n,

JJr. E.A. Eichhorn spoke of' soi~10 oxporimonts carried out in lfoxico _on tho vaccination of pigs during tho foot-and-mouth d:iseaso opizootic thoro.

Standard cattle vaccine in doses of 1 ml and 4 ml was used subsutanoously in pigs which were subsoqucntl:,- r::!.i:J.~.longod, some 1Jy contact and some ·ny 1·ubbing visulent virus in tho mouth with a v,iro brush.

Tho l'(,sul ts shovred that better ir:rrnuni ty resulted from tho use of tho larger amount of tho vaccine.

Tho duration of tho immunity vms not testud.

Efficiency o:f vaccines JJuring tho discussions there was l.'oforonco to tho overall efficiency of vaccines produced in European countries from tho strains of virus normally used in vaccine production when em11loyod in ~foar-East countries.

It uas emphatically stated that the vaccines produced in Europe had boon found to be entirely efficient in Turkey in tho foot-and-mouth disoas0 campaigns against both SAT1 and O virm; infections.

On the other hand, there was evidence that tended to sho·,v that, on sor.10 occasion,s, cattle which had boon vaccinated in Europe had, after their arrival in countries in tho ~ear East, become clinically effected v:i th foot-and-mouth disease at a later date and that a typo of· virus as used in tho preparation of t110 o:rigina.i vac;uiHG lw.d uoon idontifiod.

While 1 attention has boon dravm os1)ocial y to suet. occurrences, they ~1ave also boon observed on a few occasions yJi thin cotmtrios in Europe.

Tho variation in tho antigenic structure within strai:r1,s of virus had been shorm, more within recent timos, to bo of considerable icpor~anco with special recard to tho immunising value of vaccines.

As has boon pointed out at previous meetings, there is ne0d to ensure that vaccines prepared. ·,,i th a strain of a virus typo will give satisfactory protection ac;ailrnt fiGlcL strains of the same ty:pe of tho virus.

In this conn:cction 9 thi) r.1ootinc:; felt that because oi' tho comparatively large amounts of' vo.ccino being sent frou European countries fo1° uso in the f'oot-and-nouth d.isoase campaign in Turkey ancl 'tho Near East 9 efforts should bo mado for tho potency tostiJg of consignoonts of tho· vaccine in those countries against the local strains o~ tto virus typos.

This is important from oany :)oints of view, includinG oconomic aspects.

An oxpori:mco in Franco wan r.:;:~von to t}:e mooting.

Whon tho strain 058 was found in It2.ly, tho Con"cral 7otorina.r;y- Research Laboratory, Alfort and tho Insti tut Frangais de la Yiovro Aphteuso colla1)0ratoa. in tho testing of tho French typo Oa vaccines for their protective values against this new strain.

It was '.round that Fron.ch cattle vvhich b.ad recoivod a single dose of French Os vaccine vrore not .immune o.gainst challenge by vil·us Oi::; , but 8 cattle vrhich had received several close of trivalent o, A and C vaccine~ prepared 11i th tho usually employed strains of tho virus vrnro well protected.

15 Imports and Exports of Livestock and Products of Li_vostock Origin In discussing sourcos of orie;in of foot-and-mouth disoaso virusos rosponsiblo for outbreaks in Europa, montion was made of imported animals, meat and other products of animal origin.

Examplo.s arc the imJ)orts into Italy of 750~ 642 cattle and 307,642 tom: of frost and fro~;on r.10at in 1963~ importation of moat from South .American countries, partic,.110.rly Argontinc:1, into SYTi t::;erland, and importation of' moo, t into Grant Bri tcdn from South American countries reforrod to olso-.-rhoro in ttis ro:port. l'fontion was made also of tho nood in tho oconomy' of sor.10 ccuntriof:, to dovolop fu1°thor export of livostock nnd tboir products. while tho Sos.sion fully roalisod -'cho risks v1hich may -~JO ,:ttachod to such importations and exportations in introducing classical rmC. exotic virusoo and variants ui thin strains of virus, tho oconomics concerned ~:ith thGm and tho desirable expansion of trade woro also well appreciated.

It is of tho highest im})ortanco, tlrnr0f'ore, that full considor:2tion must bo 0 i von by importing countries to the risks involved in importatiow.,~ and by exporting countries to tj10 disease situation in their countries so that the risks of spread of disease to tho importing countries may bo roducod to an absolute minimum and thereby, importations from thorn will bo oncouro. 6 od. 'l1ho problems involved and the rocommondations concerning conditions of im1,ortation are fully dealt with in tho Ro:9ort of tho Eich th Session of tho Cor::,mi~rnion, held on 14-18 March 1961 recording a joint Commission/o:rn Mooting held in Brussels in 1960.

Tho attention of tho Sossion waB c1lso dra ,n to tho FAO/OIE/Vm:O Meeting on "Basic PrinciploD for tho Contra~ of International Traffic in Animals and Animal Products"to be hold in Borno, Swi t,~orlanc.l on 12-17 Octobor 1964, whon it is hopod to reach c1 0 roemont on princi1)los of regulations.

Tho question of tho vaccination against foot-and-rnoutj diooaso of cattlo oxportod from Europe was raisod, to ensure that they vrnuld bo pro"coctod against tho disoase in their country of dostination.

A suf;costion -,,as ~ho use of vaccine proparod in the exporting country from Eitrains of virus procured from tho importine; region; t~1.is 9 ho-,iovor, did not find much favour because of the risk o:f tho possible oscnpo of tho virur; from laboratorio's in the vaccino-prou.ucing oxportinc; country, despit:; evon elaborate procnutions.

It was also sucgostod that there was a caso for rovaccination of export cattle, oi thor in tl~o ox1iortir.t:; country, using tho standard vaccine or on arrivfll in th8 importing country, usine vnccino similar to that given in tho exporting countx·y or, pro:forc.bly~ vaccine p.ropared from local stxains of virus.

- 1 6-

FOOT-MJD-MOU_!TI DISEASE IN THE NEAR EAS':i:

Some information on the pori:L t:Lon oi' foot-and-mouth disease in the Nea::c East is given in Appendix 3.

Attention was dravm to tl:e need for mucl: mo1'e t;rpine; of strains of footand-mouth disease virus in the :Ne2.r East countries.

It was mentioned9 for example, that virus type ASIA I lwd again been reported in Israel and that the nearest country to Israel :in 1",t:.icL it wss recorded as beinc; present vvas Vvest Paki.stan.

It seems unlikel~r th2,t disease caused by tl:is ty1,e of virus does not exist somewbero in the e:x:,)s,nsi ve i:1.t.ervening territory, 1I'ho meeting a;~preciated greatly tho action of' F'AO in assigning an e1,izootiologist to the Hear East Animal HoaJ.th Institute.

Soriie of tis fir~,t work will be training personnel in the collection of :field specimens and their transport to the laboratories for examination.

It was e:x:pJ.ained that the many delays that occur now in sending specimens for typing often render t~®useless for the 1,urpose.

Dr. R. Willems gave an an account of a visit which the Secretary of the Commission and he made, on behalf of PAO, to the R&zi Institute 9 Iran, in cor,nection with the possible purchnse nf SAT1 vaccine for use in the campaign, He reported on the satisfactory conditions under vrhich the vaccine was :prepared according to the Frenkel tech1:.ique by tl:e J:'rench staff at the Razi · Insti t·u.te, RessarekJ and. on the sati.':,factory tents for innocui ty and potency.

Dclring the visit the qunstion of establishing o, general reference la·boratory for the area for typing virus vvas raised, to work in close collaboration with tl:e World Reference Labordory at Pirbri 0ht.

It was :felt that the buildings which ::night be used for such work were not entirely satisfactory especially from the standpoint of iE;olation and it was decided to pt)St})One any such arrangement until sui ta.'hle special buildings were provided.

It was stated that all the cattle in Cyprus had beon vaccinated in accordance with the planned campaign, but th2.t no further vaccination work was contemplated there in the meantir.10.

The Chairman remarked on the oncournc;inc p Jsi tion o:f fooL-and.-mouth disease and its control in Europe, com)ared with the situation roported at some former meetings of the Ccmmission.

Much of tLe improvenrent was associated with the systematic ar.d proper use of satisfactor;y- vaccines.

TherB were some warning notes, however, Yvhich had become ob-,ious in the discussion, 'l11rnre is need to ens.ure that the antigenic chc;,r2.ctcrL,tics of the viruses used in the preparation of vaccines and the fio1d virus against which tho vaccine is used are sufficicmtly similar.

The vaccine must lJe well tested for innocui ty and potency.

In addition to vaccination, the various other measures in controlling and eradicating the di □ oase must receive every attention; movement restriction and control, sto::,;riage of markets, shows, etc.

Because of the better situation it was possible to pay more attention to the sources of infection causing outbreaks in a country.

Imports of live animals, moat and mear, products were important in connoction with exotic types and variants of knovr:1. types of virus.

It is import::i.nt nlso to ascertain the source of the infection causing outbreaks in a country in v1hich the disease is already present, for example, milk or milk products distributed before the disease has been diagnosed in the infected herd has been mentioned.

It \·ms by discovering tho moans by which disease was introduced to a country that precautions could be devised and, sirdlarly 9 by identifying the methods of spread inside tho country that better control rn.eaa.u.res could be ado:pted.

1

- 17 -

RE,_?0:1T OF J'HD KmCU'i'IVE COI.'u,,ETTEE n 0 .,.,,-, c•r+ 1 ·.··rr"··1 J·-- ·' 1,0 L,!_.., ..•1-��:...i>:J ,,,,� .,_,,,1-,·, �-v J·. n,:· (.::, 1.·.; :....•-�e• J. I..,J..1. di''"-'0 cuc:" v,� ' v n o_·r_ t11e , contr1'but1·ons \_,_, -'. ,; ( .t.1.. , .' -'-'J.l<.. __x.., H-r-) ,.-'·1"-" received from co:1ntrios L1. :Gurorc a::cl tho Eln'o,:::cu.n EG(l:,omic Corarnunity and the �eed fer further con::ri lJut::ons to Jr.;;iuro a c,,tJti::.uc:cion of th(1 planned vaccinati ::m progr2ms "v7h�c c:1 wore _ ,;;c,,::ntio,l for t?w pro-t oct::.on o:t Europe against invasion by tho exotic SNP: virc1.s t:;·110� •ff:·l tc ::xrloi i; tho investment already made an::1 to contir.ue tho progrc;3,; alroad.y ,1chiovc.d.. ..:

.:

,..

It was pointed out th�t a co�sidcrablo amount 0f the Secretary's time had been occupied iirith tho dove,lcp,,iont of the lnl•orat,Jric:J :Ln ,vh:.ch it ·.,as anticipated there would bo yrotlucocl s�ppliGs of vaccine to moat tho countries 1 needs �n& probably to assist other csuntri2s iL their requiro□ents.

It '.7as agreed the,t the:' vac:::ncies on tho Commission Is Stecncinc; 'I'c,chnical Comrnittee caused by the ror1ignc:tion oi' Professor .Altara, Dr. }'ronkol and Dr. Gallm;ay from their official nosts in their countrios should be filled and that ])1�. vc:;n Bekkum (Nothorla;::cls) 5 J)r. Erooksb;y (Uni tod iC:;.nc;c1.om) and Dr. Gaier (Austria) should lJG a:nrointecl a::.: n:i.ombo:i:s of t:ne Cor:!L:i ttee.

The membors of the Corri.rnission 1 s St2.,::,clin,_, '�..:;chnical Committee no1.'i ai'egSir John J:l. Ritc:1.ie (C:t.airman), ])r. van don Born, Dr. J.B. Bl'ooksby, Dr. J·.G. van Bekkun1 y Dr. R.P. Grtier, Dr. E. :hch::ilson, Prof •. B. Ubo:rtini and Dr. R. Will GJns. T:1.0 suggestions for the establishmor.t of an Emergenc;y F'u:r1cl to exponsos for immecliato :10tion in t'.10 ovent of tho occurrence or� an in EuroJ>O 17eTe explained.

'I110 rr.a �tor was novr L1 the hands o:.C the member countries as recor:1mendod. by tho FAO Conference ,�;::ci. they aro asked -�o suggest 7,rays and moans cf financing ,,uch a f\md..

meet epizootic 1''.AO being

T!lo l(ootin,s: vva;:.; info111:od 2nd acroed that tho Secretar;y· amon2; his future activities should visit 1:fo,u: E::1otern countries so that tr:.e Cbi11.i:i1ission may be kept informed of tho foot-and-�outh disease position in them. ff•he Ro:oo:rt of the E:x:ecuti vo Cor.,mittoe w2,s c:,do1ltod.

T:10 ::;xocutivo Committee ir.ot a.:.:�c.::.n in P.omo or, ;:,(; ;\frirch ·J 964 ar..d 1° eceived and app�coved tho Accounts for 1963 9 tl-:.e revised BuJgot fo1· ·J 964 and tho Budget ::'01° 1965.

It ::ms docic.od to i:old tho next mGotin�; of tho L.Xocutive Cammittoo during tho FAO/OIE/V:'.-10 Moc-:;:i.nz; in Borne, Sv0rit:rnrland 1il1.ich is to talo p:i.ace on 12-i7 Octobo1' 1961,.

It ·,12,,cJ eJ.so agrood that meetings of tho Exocuti-.'e Committee should -::o 1101( :'0G·c1larl�/ on tho morni:'15 of the Each Session would, therefore, hold its first first day of oach Session. meeting in tho aftornoo� of tho first day • .Amendment to Financial Rop.;ulation 6.2.2 Follo·,-iing an oxpla:1t,t::.on by the Chair1:1c.n, it waf' proposed '.'Jy tho dele­ gation fron the Uni toc1 Kingdon: and. seconded by tl10 dclo§:ation .t�rom Ireland and agreed by tho 1dooting thc1t ·be ::. ullowing ac.dition bo added to tho Commission 1 s Financial Rof;ulavion 6.��.2i "iilly dei'icit shown at tho end of tho fina11cial year on tho Goner<.12. Acco·c:tnt i:1a3r :JC nado good from the Special Account".

c-(3 ,, .

U1 Th o accoun t. s f·or ➔1).l_, "G:10 °~cvi::1.: 1965 were approved (Aypcndices 5 vnd 6)

"'tlll''·uq·n+ v •. v

1·~.0.r

➔1,1 n(,)4

a'llc ,

tho 1mclrwt for ~

RESEARCH GROUP OP T~;E IJOEiilSSION 3 3'I'AEDE~G TDOH1'ECAL COliHITTEE --•-· --- -·-----··- ~-=--· --- ·~ ·-·---...--•----"--~ ·---- -- . . ------1

Tho Comrnission vms infor;;10d t'1at it '.7a:: planned to hoJd ":ho i 964 meeting

of the Research Group in

Amsterdn□•

It was agroocl that tho G:rcup c;ho.,:i..d be a,skcd to includo tho following subjects in the agenda of tho mooting, Vaccination of pies; Vaccination a:::-;ainst foot-ancl-r:outh disecwo of livestock for o~nort fro~ countries in Europe.

ELEC'l\1.v:i:TS

Tho following ~ore unanimously elected to hold of~ice until tho end of the Twelfth Session of tho Comr.1ission in i 965 z_Qha-i rmang

Sir John 1J. Ili tchio (Uni tod Kint:,dom) (Proposed by tho clolocation from Irolandi by tho dolcga-tio::i :from Den:nark)

seconded

Vico-Cnairmen~ Profosso:r A, Aclon10llo (Italy) ancl :Or. R.P. Gaier (Austria) Proposed by tho clelogation from lforvmy~ seconded by tho do1eg,:tion fron Luxer,~bourg) Other Members o:f tho Exe cu ti v0 Comr:1i ttoo; J)i,, J .IL van don Born (lJethor'lands) 9 Dr. ·-rL ___i::''3.t~,chi (Sv1itzorl2nd); Dr. s. li:ihajlovi6 (Yugoslavia).

(P1°0:posod by tho d.o_;_oEsation :from Turkey,, [ieconcJ.od by the delegation fro111 Jolciun).

(All the abov2 form the Dxoc,1.~:hro Cor,1rni ttoo, -Ji t~1 Sir John IT. Ritchie as Chairman) •

On the proposition of t:10 Ll,,1o,:·ation fron 11.'u::::'1:oy, soconc1.od b~r the delegation from tho Ketherlands, t]1a IleJort of t~e Session ns presented was approved. for adoption, ,mbjoc"c to th...: amondr.10nts raado a"c t~10 meeting and to an~ necessary odi to1°ial c!·n,1cc;s.

0

-19 -

.APPENDIX I

THE POSITION OF FOOT-AJ:ill-MOUTH DISEASE 'IN EUROPE· SINCE THE LAST SESSION (TURKEY EXCLUDED)

Table 1. shows the statistica·l data on the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease reporied in Europe during 1963.

Following some :recrudesconce of the disease.in cept;ral European countries during the winter months,the situation improvod considerably in spring 1963 and the geogra,Dical area of the infection was again reduced.

Norway, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom, Iceland, Ireland, Rumania and Bulgaria remained free from ·t;he disease and very few outbreaks were reported in Spain and Cyprus (both countries have been free again since April and May respectively.

The notable improvement of the sanitary s;i tua tion in France, durine 196~:, rrns :11aintai:q.od th;i:oughout 1963 because of the adopt~on of adequate quarantine measures and systematic mass· vaccination of the cattle population.

The presence in France of about 38,000,000 susceptible animals,the cloifo :proximity to, and the livestock trade with infected countries give this achivement ever. more significance.

While in Belgium the situati'on returned . to normal before the 'oeginning of the summer, in the Netherlands and the Federal Republic o~ Germany 9 the infection caused numerous outbreaks, particularly in the swine population.

In the Netherlands, however, the sanitary situation returned to normal only at the enc. of the summer and it remained so throughout the autum~ and only sporadic cases being rpportod In December a few cases of foot-and-mouth disease were recorded in the frontier ar":las of Lux-ernbo".1rg which ·had ror:ic.inoa· free from tho disease for some years.

A new variant of the t;ypc O virus caused a small local enzootic in Switzerland, but foll ov1ing t'.ho o.11plicn tion of tho stamriing-out method · togothor with ring· vaccination using a'. homologous vaccine, the t!.:t"sea:ece::.: eas ern(l'icat0d.

This new strain of .irus O penetrated later into Italy and led to revaccination with :homologous vaccine of the most exposed li'l!estock grazing on alpine pastures.

In general, the sanit3ry situation has remained stationary in Italy with a rather limited number of outbreakscompe.red with former years.

Production of virus in the slaughterhouses has definitely ceased·.

However, noticeable improvements in the disease position Yvill not materialize until adequate funds become available to the Veterinary Services for carrying out the proposed pro 0 rar;:i of· annual-mass vaccination in the nc~th of the country.

11669/E

Table 1

Statistical Data for the Year 1263 Europe (Tur:cey excluclcd)

Nether- ViTestern Eastern

S-rri tzer-

Yugo-

_1_263 !France!~gium! lands !Germany!Ger_fl_any!Denrn_ark! Italy_! ___land _JAustrialGreccc!slavia!PolandlslovakialUSSR! !

Jan

2

! !

2

!

35

! !

1462. !

47

! !

5

! !

1224 !

22

!

Feb

4

!

10

!

118

!

1068 !

53

!

-

!

622 !

24

!

!

~ar

-

!

7

!

4

I

734

!

4

!

34

!

603

!

5

!

,~p:r

:Iay JlU1.G

,hlly

1 2

!

!

17

-

! !

~-J.Ug

Jept ·)ct

!

-

··rov

Jee

~foteg

1

-

!

-

526 !

52

l

-

!

22

!

-

!

-

!

478

905 !

39

!

974

!

1290 l

10/~

!

391 I

14

!

11

!

15/i- !

9

l

10

!

130 !

4

!

4

! !

139 !

!

!

!

3 2

!

7

!

4

!

340 !

-

!

335 !

62

!

?_57 !

.30

-

!

238 !

1

!

96 !

1

!

l 123 !

-

! ! ! ! !

-

45

! !

9

I

-

22

!

44 54

-

!

125 1

-

!

313 !

8

!

5

!

472 !

-

t

-

7

! !

- ·-

756

1

!

-

Spain had 3 outbreaks~ 1 in February nnd 2 in Harch; and Hungary had 2 outbreaks in April i:lnd 4 in June.

-- ~---- -

·-

1

!

5

---.-- -

7

!

5

!

-

1

6

2

!

! !

!

160 !

! !

3 !

714 !

13 !

- ! ------ !__ -------- ! __________ ! ___________ !_ -

9

!

! ! ! !

!

130 !

I 100 !

1

3

5

82 !

I 40 l l

! 115

! ·i l I !

27 I

59

! l

l l

l l

99

l !

1

1 1

35

4

2

-

I I

35

!

5

! ! !

22

! ! !

-

22

!

27

!

!

18

! ! !

! !

38

-

-

I !

3 I

! ! ·!

-1 ·!

-

7 !

1

' I

!

2 !

! ! !

- ! !

-!

4

-

!

-1132 l ! 129 I 1119 ! ! 104 ! ·! 79 l i 71

l ·1

I

·f

l 101 I ! 102 l t 91

! !

I l l -1

l 1 I l I

r

l

·t l !

! 115 !

!

1152 ! ! ! 154

·-

Luxenbourg had 6 outbreaks at the end o:f December

l'0 0

-. 19

.APPENDIX

I

THE POSITION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN EUROPE SINCE THE LAST SESSION. (TURKEY EXCLUDED)

· Table· 1 shows the statistical data· on the ou-tbreaks of :foot-and-mouth disease repor,fi.ed in Europe during 1963.

Following some recrudescence of the disease in central European countries during the winter months;t1:e situation improved considerably in spring 1963 and the geograi)r:.ical area of the infection vms again reduced.

Norway, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom, Iceland, Ireland 9 Rumania and :Bulgaria remained free f1,om the disease and very few outbreaks were reported in Spain and Cyprus (both countries have been free again sinoe April and May respectively.

The notable improvement of the sanitary situation in France, durin,:; 1962, i7as :-:1aintair:i.ed th;roughot,t 1963 because of the adopt~on of adequate quarantine measures and systematic mass· vaccination of the cattle population.

The presence in France oi' about 38,000,000 susceptible animals,the clos·o proximity to, and the livestock trade with infected countries give · this achivement even more significance.

While in Belgium·the situation returned _ to normal befo;re the beginning of the summer, in the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany, the infection caused numerous outbreaks, particularly in the swine population.

In the Netherlands 9 however, the sanitary situation returned to normal only at the end of the summer and i.t remained so throughout the auturnr, and only sporadic cases being r9ported In December a few cases of foot-and-mouth disease were recorded in the frontier areas of Luxembourg which ·had rem2.inoa· _free from tho disease for some years.

A new variant of the type O virus caused a small local enzootic in Switzerland, but following tJJ.o n.pplication of tho st"amping--out method· togothor with· ring· vaccination usin~ e,'. homologous vaccixie, the ti.i\se-a~,: eas eracticatod.

This new strain of .irus O penetrated late.r into Italy and led to revaccination with homologous vaccine of the most exposed livestock grazing on alpine pastures.

In general, the sanitary situation has remained stationary in Italy with a rather limited'number of outbreakscomparod. with.former years.

Production of virus in the slaughterhouses has .defini toly coasod·.

However, noticeable improvements in the disease position will not materialize until adequate i\mds become available to the Veterinary Services for carrying out tho proposod program o:f. annual .mass vaccination in the nc~th of the country.

11669/E

Table

1

Statistical Data for the Year 1263 Europe (Turkey excluded)

-

lJGther- Hostern Eastern SwitzerYugo! Ger111any!Gerrnany! Den.'TI_ark ! Italy_..!_ __}.an_c:l_ _ _!Austria ! Grecco! slavia! Poland! slovakia I USSR! !

I ! ! ! l i ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

146? ! ·l 132 ¾ 1224 !

22 130 l 35 1 47 5 3 9 45 I !

- ! 622 ! 24 ! 9 ! 7 ! 1 l 100 l 5 ! 118 ! 1068 Y ! 129 I 53 !

I 1 I l ! ! 478 ! !

6 ! !

526 l 905 !

39 !

82 !

1119 '1 1 1 2 4 5 ·! ·f l I ·t !

I 734 !

- ! 340 !

- l 22 l 1 l 40 l 1104 l 974 1 52 ! l ! !

1 ! ! ! ! ! ! l ! l ! ! 603 ! 1290 t !

62 22 ! ! 44 ! 115 !

335 ! ·J 79 I 27 ! 59 ! !

1 l I ! 104 ! ! !

391 !

14 !

30 257 !

- r 54 l 35 l 4 l 99 I 71 I ! ! ! ! ! !

I ! ! l I ·i l ! !

11 l !

238 !

154 !

Ii 01 !

1 - ! 35 ! 5 ·!

3 !

9 !

4 l l !

10 ! !

130 ! ! ! 22 ! ! 102 I !

-1 96 !

4 !

!

3

!

1.39 !

7

!

1

!

!

4

!

160

!

2

l

5

!

-

!

313 !

8

!

5

!

3

!

714

13

!

756 1 1 - - - - - - -- -- ---- - -- - - -- - -

1963 !France! B~gium! lands Jan

! !

2

! !

2

Feb

!

4

!

·to

liar

l

5

!

-

Apr

! ! !

7

4

4

! ! !

34

June !

i

!

17

July!

2

! !

-

Aug

-

!

I1ay

!

Sept !

-

!

-

Oct

!

?.

!

2Tov

!

-

!

J)ec

!

1

!

-

-

-

-

-

-

-lfote g

-

···----·--------

1 -•

... ~

-·-

7I

-

-.

123 !

-

! !

!

125

!

!

472 !

-

! !

22

! !

-

!

-

!

27

!

-

!

! ! ! ! ! !

--- . - -- - .... -- --- -- -

-

18

-

38

! ! ! !

!

Spain had 3 outbreaks~ 1 in February and 2 in ilarch; and Hungary had 2 outbreaks in April and 4 in June.

,._

-

-

-

·t

l

-

-

·!

-

!

!

!

2 !

-

! ! ! !

-

-

-

-

7. 1

! !

-1 !

1

!

·t

t 91 ! !

!115 !

1152 l ! ! 154

1

Luxenbourg had 6 outbreaks at the end of December

!

I\)

0

-

21

In the eastern central European region the situation returned to normal in the second part of the year with the dying out of the O virus epizootic which, during tho January-March period, had affected Poland and other countries including Austria.

Tho di::rna::,o h,d. bcon eradicated _from Au.stria ., hmrcvo1·, by the end of March as a result of vigorous and rapid control measures.

Denmark remained free from the disease for the entire period JanuarySeptomber; later, several outbreaks due to virus C occurred and were cradicntcd by the stamping-out method.

In south-eastern Europe the disease position became 3.f\.i"'i.boa~. in May when O virus spread in Hacedonia and invaded the frontier areas of Yugoslavia. Several weeks before, this country had had to control the disease along its northern borders and, th0refore, had to carry out a second eradication campaign.

The result was favourable and as from Julyj Yugoslavia was free again from foot-,::md.-0.01,1.th disease.

Tho achiovo~o~t of Th1lgaria is wall ~orth noting in ~roventinf ,tho inv:rnion of >oth O und SA11·1 t;:,·_pe:s Df tl1u virus across tl1c, .. -~ south-i7ostcrn frcnttors from Grc,cco and ~:uc;oslavia o.nc1 1'rom '.I1u:rkey throu01out tho yoar.

This has b~en possible not only because of the severe sanitary and prophylactic measures carriocl out it was threatened by the disease~ especially from the south, but also because of· the timely 0xchange of information between tho countries of tho region.

Greece was faced with the control of foot-and-mouth disease on two fronts during 1963.

While the Veterinary Services were occupied with a vaccination program in spring against SAT1 in the eastern provinces situated in the buffer area (Evros, Rodopi and Xanthi)j disease Jaused by the O virus broke out in the north of the country.

The control of the epizootic in this area required a roma,rkable effort on tho part of the Greek Veterinary Services.

In addition to the locally produced vaccine (327,000 doses), important stocks of O vaccine, obtained partly free of charge from France, Bolgiu.m and Italy were also used.

An additional problem had to be dealt with by Greece when several virus O outbreaks occurred in summer in Salonika and later on (October) in the buffer zone, a few kilometers from the Turkish frontier.

It was, therefore, decided to vaccinate th0 border.province of Evros against 0 virus, also.

A total of 247 outbreaks was recorded in Greece during 1963, all caused by the O type.

At the end of the year, 23 outbreaks were still under ~uarantine.

At the end of 1963 tho European sanitary situation appeared in general to be very satisfactory.

Except for two countries - Italy and Germany where the disease was still onzootic, several countries showed only· a few outbreaks, while 17 countries were completely free from tho disease.

- 22 -

APPElrnIX II

THE POSITior OF :JISEASE CaUSE:C BY SAT.LXIRUS .Alf}) S.A':11 C~IPAIGU

The primary objective of the Commission with regard to SAT1 infection

is to prevent :fu"::'ther s_pree,d of the vi:::'lls into t1.e European continent.

Therefore, the })osi tion and control of foot-and-mouth disease in Turkey will be dealt with firstPosition of I'oot--2,1:0.-Mouth J)isease in 'I'urkoy since 1963 The sanit.:::.ry situation in '.l.1urk:ey seemed to be quite .favourable towards the end of the winter ·1962-63.

In February and March 1963, in all 30 and 36 outbreaks, resioctivoly, were recorded and Thrace appeared to be free of patent cases of the disease.

When movement of livestock was ros1.1G1.0d in the spring, the disease began to reappear and both viruses S.AT1 and O caused loss0s, mainly among young livest ocl:.

While there vras sorious sp:::.--eaci of c:'::ie SAT1 virus in the eastern part o.f the country during ·j 962, the region··· most affected in 1963 was ·western .Anatolia, i.e. the provinces of Ismir, 13ilocik, Balikesir, Bursa Oanak~;:ale, Denizli, :Bolu, Manisa and Isparta.

Infocted livestock reacheci the Jirovince of stanbul and were tho causB oi' nur.wrous outbreaks, also in the adjacent province o:f 'I'ok:i:I;dag (-Thrace).

This occurred at the end of .April and the beginning of I.fo.3r ancJ. p:ropaga tior. of tho virus appeared to have a close relation with animals marketed in connection with a vory important religious festival, the Kurban Bayram.

The statistics :::if i'oot-and-mouth dis0ase in Turkey arc shown in Table 2 ,over leaf.

The move~ents o~ sheep in spr~ng causod an ~ncrease in the seasonal incidence of tho disoaso .. .

This i3 the period when flocks are taken over lens clisi;ances and by devious routes through the country in search of pastures, Sometiuos v,hon flocks are affoctod, tho animals show very fm-; sy,i1pbows~ -::ind a fov: co.sos of lameness Y,hich might occur do not induce the Jhepher~ to ro?ort tte disease.

flock Control of ";;.hoso/;;:fl'rcments is vor~r dir'f~.cul t ana. only systematic vaccination of all suseoptible live.stock intcncied for transhumance could· considerably diminish tl:.o importnnc0 o:i' this continuous source of' infection.

The inci::l.enco of tho o.isoase during 196.3 can easily be illustrated :; curve v;r.ich beginr:i . at the vrir..ter level in March ( 36 nev, outbreaks), roaches its peak in the mic.dlo of the sur.mie:r (1099 outbreaks in July) and returns to the usual wint0r lev0l in late November.

Accordin.::; to the observationn r2ado by our experts, tho reduction ~f incidence, a~c}~\9mparod with the nor:nal seasonal decline o:f the disease, 1s the :result 01/more severe control measures appli0d mainly in Thrace and eastern .Anatolia.

by. a regular ·

11770

Table 2 Statistical Data on Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Turkey for

Outbreaks

Typing

Jan

146

Feb

30

Mar

36

Apr

75

May

235

June

644

July

1963

:t~:

I//!

10/1

:;/~i

:w: 10/!

·l

1,059

Aug

523

Sept

327

Oct

154

Nov

117

Dec

52

//!

'0/r 0' I

:1/~1/~

:;1/,~ !

1/01 !/ /1 10/1 10/1

Specimens submitted to Etlik {Ankara) 2,212 Type SAT1 was found in 706 specimens

Type 0

II

II

" 652

II

S:12ecimens submitted to Pirbright

159

Type SAT1 was found in 44 specimens . Typo 0

"

II

II

53

Number of infected animals II

II

11

2,769,491

animals exposed to infection 5,917,440

Deaths

18,484

:;~~i

1///1 Turkish estimate of losses

:;~;; 10/!

including mortality, incapacitated animals, decreased meat and milk production US$47,180,000

!///!

Cost of foot-and-mouth disease campaign in Turkey US$ 1,240,000

:1~~;

24 Whereas in 196;~, SA'l11 soe:;1cd to be tho doininan-~ vh~ua causing· . at least tv;ro-thirds of the outbreaks in ti:ie country, in tho late spring of 1963, 0 virus gained considerable impetus in both spread and virul~nce causing drun~se oorapn~abio to that experienced previously with SAT1.

In addition, O virus reappeared in Thrace after a year's absence, with numerous outbreaks in the :p:rovin._c_e of Istcinbul.

Tho virus spread from this area in the summer and autumn~ westwards and northwards to other provinces of Turkish· Thrace, Edirne and. Kirklareli and up to the Greek and Bulgarian borders.

Particularly in the second half' of tho year, ty:pc. 0 was clearly the more prevalent all over Turkey.

In some areas where SAT1 had previously been dominant, type O appeared to be tl:o only virus xesponsible for the disease.

This boce.mo evident in the autman throughout the v:hole of Thrace irrespective of whether or not vaccination had previously been carried out.

To sum up: 3,393 outbreaks vrnro ro:_)ortod in 1963, of which 181 wer0 still undor quarantine at the beginninf,' of 1964.

Th8 number of an:imals in tho infected outbrcrnks (in t;eneral, villages) 2.mount0cl to 2, 769 9 491.

Over 5,900,000 animals rrnro exposed to infoctior...

A tot::11 of 18,484 animals, mostly calves 9 diod from tho disoaso.

At Etlik, 2,212 specimens Y1ere received from tho f'iold for typing oi' virus.

From 679 outbreaks in 196.3 359 were typed S.ATi and 320 0 virus.

From January to July, thG ratio between S.A.T1 and o· viruses ·was 2.pproximatoly 1 .6 to 1 and from August to December, it was 0.5 i i in favour of the, 0 virus.

While sheep appeared to bo very resistant to both virus typos, S.A.T1 virus has beon particularly pathogenic f'o:r cattle.

In Brovm SY1iss cross cattle there v,as high mortality in calvos and hei1,ers, and a cons:.derable reduction in milk production wc:.G observod.

B.

SAT1 Campaign

Introduction.

At tho Tonth Session of tho Commission in 1963. t..li.8re were cliscussions · Ol;l the preparation foi' vo.ccination :':.n the buf'fe1~ areas in Greece, :Sulgario. nnd TurL::oy (in -:;ho rest oi' T:i:::.ral:e and in Cyprus) and the plans for technical assistance to tho countries most interested in tho control of SAT1 virus and rocommondntions wcro approvod.

Much of the worl:: carried out by the Secretariat of the Corr.mission has since been concerned. rli -:;h -:ho SAT1 campe.igr.. m:d tho implementation of -~hose recommendations, Since tho rronth Session of tho Commiss:. onJ new contributions in response to the fund-raising campaign launched -03r FAO in July 1962 were received from individual European countrios ( Svmdon, Denmark, Nor-:my) and from tho Euro1,ean Economic Cornrnuni ty.

Those contributions have made it possible to carry out timely revaccination in tho buf'for zones.

Tho provision of equipment and transportation hul ".;o be dolayod, pendint:,' t::i.e solution of certain technical prGblems connected vri th tho administration of tho EEC funds.

In fact, in order to m0ot tho request of' the EEC, the funds allocated by tho Community aro administrated separately (Trust Fund 111) f:-om t}10s0

-

25

received from the other European countries (Trust Fund 97).

In connection with the employment of Trust Pund 111, an FAO/EEC Consultative Committee (with the participation of the Directo~ of OIE) was established and met for the first time in Rome on 22 July 1963.

The Committee reached full agreement on the program and forms of assistance to be developed on the basis of the funds so far allocated (US$1 9 5O8?OOO).

(The Uinutes of this meeting are attached Appendix IIa) The ma-in activities in connection vvi th the campaign arei (A) maintenance of the buffer areas of ir.mmnized animals 9 (J3) vaccination in Cyprus; (C) control of foot-and-mouth dii.rna.se in rrurkish Thrace and Anatolia; (D) expansion of vaccino production and supply of laboratory equipment to the Institutes of Athens, Ankara and Tel Aviv; (E) supply of transportation; (F) financing of tho SAT1 campaign; (G;) future dovoloprnents of the campaign.

(A) Maint2nance of the buffer area (2nd and 3rd stage of the campaign) In agreement with. the Directors of Veterinary Services of Greece, :Bulgaria and Turkey, tho a:t'eas to bo included in tho buffer zonos were defined early in 1963 with a view tc improving the results of tho campaign carried out in the autwnn of 1962 (first stage of' the campaign).

It was decided to establish an uninterrupted solid buffer aroa betvrnen Gr0oco and Bulgaria or... tho one side and Turkey on tt.o other 1 from tl:.o Aegean Sea to t}10 Black Soa 5 tho depth of the buffer area on tho 'i1urco-Bulgarian border to be at least 60 kms and that on the 'I'urco-Grook border at least.12O kms.

During tho spring o:f 1963, bocr,uso Turkish 'Thrace vmn ,droady infected, most of this vaccination work had to bo carried out in Greek and Bulgarian territories. Vaccination .-rac not counenced until the second half of April, because of unfavourable road conditions resulting from tho particularly severe winter and in Bulgaria 1 espocially, tho condition of the livestock due to feed shortage made it advisable to delay vaccinating the sheep.

Greece. During April and May 1963 1 all tho livestock (184,129 large ruminants - cattle and buffaloes - ~nd over 637~000 small ruminants) wore vaccinated in the provinces of Evros, Rodopi and Xanthi, situated cast of tho Turco-Greek oordor botweon tho rivers Evros and Nestos.

Vaccination was extended to cover the islands of Samas and Chios in the Aegean Sea as these were exposed to infection from wostorn Anatolia. _ It vms possi blo to crrnry out n.11 t:10 animal orrnors o,42precio:te d +·no good re"ults ~ cattle and bufI aloes vro1·0 marked; :Lt was the small ruminants. v_

vaccination \TOrk speedily, since the ~f t½e 1962 campai·gn. Vacci·nated lo not considered nocossar;y to mark

An enzootic of' 0 typo foot-and-mout:1 d.isoaso developed during May in tho mountainous region of Greece on t~10 Yugoslav border, and invasion of the buffer area was threatened.

Assistar.ce was urgently roq_uostod and the Belgian GovornI'lont, through FAO, surpliod 100,000 doses of O type vaccine free of charge, FAO meeting tho costs of transportation to Athens.

Tho autumn vaccination· against SATi startod in Greece in October (3rd stage of tho campaign).

Tho frontier area (province of' Evros)and part of the other two provinces previou::ily vaccinatod (Rodopi and Xanthi)

- 26 ·were revaccinated with monovalent vaccine SAT1 • ))urine this period, the presence of SAT"! virus vvas still being reported in Th:co.co, al though sporadic cases only had occurred in tho Turkish border province o:' Ed.irno 9 adjacent to the buffer area.

In :i:foven:ber, however~ the situation chan 9ed and t:i:ie O viJ.'us 1 identii'ied in both the east (Edirne province) and tho vie st t Salonika re3·ion) of the actual buffer zone, penetrated into the Evros province, causing some outbreaks near Orostias.

The Greek Veterinary Ser--.ricos, vfr_ich had used up all their reserves of vaccine wher. controlling tho disease in the north of tho countryy requested further assistance in obtaining type O vaccine.

In view of the importance of keeping tho buffer zone free :frorr: any type of foot-and-mouth disease virus, FAO agreod to the request and 320,000 doses of 0 vaccine were purchased at cost price froD the Netherlands and Belgium and wore used throughout tho Evro.s province.

Within a few weeks, therefore, Greece had to carry out vaccination of the entire border province (aoout 95,000 large ruminants and 290 9 000 smail ruminants) vvi t1.1 SAT1 vaccine and revaccination Vii tt O vhccine.

Since then, the buffer zone has been ±'roe of foot-and-mout;J. disease.

To sum un~ :fi'.AO has supplied 700 1 000 doses of SAT1 vaccine and 320,000 doses of O vaccine (200 9 000 d.osos of Dutch and 120 9 000 doses of Belgian origin) to Greecoi all thie, vaccine rms used in tho buffer zone.

The Greek Government pr_ovidocl O vaccine partly f1~om their ovm Institute (327 9 000 doses) and partly, on 1:r:vour2cble terms·, from Italy (267 1 000 doses), from Frnnco (157,000 ~os6s 9 including 100,000 ctosos free-of-charge) and from Belgium (i00,000 doses free-of-charge).

Tho extension of tho vaccination rirogram which ,ms dovoloped in Grecco thi~oughout tho yoar can be bettor illustrated by the .follo,1ing .figures[-

Animals vaccinatod~ Bovines - with typo S.AT1 vaccinez 2nd and 3rd stage of tb.o cmnpaign 282,327 with typo 0 vaccine~ 157,095 in tho buf':for zone (Nov. and Doc. 1963) in the northern region o:f -::.110 country including areas situated noar the buffer zones

Shoop and Goats

Pigs

Total

88i, 1 "13

19,639

1,183,079

307,716

10~ 380

475,191

381,525

For all these operations, the Greek Government surJ1ilied the transportation.

In fact, 17 Land Revers o:cderod by P.AO for this purposo we1'0 still in course of delivery at tho end of 1963. :Bulgaria.

Tho poor nutrition&.l condition of livestock, particularly sheep, as a result of tho long and very hard ninter, caused tho :Bulgarian authori tics to delay tho spring vaccination campaig11 by one month.

In a<ldition 9 in order to ensure better efficiency in the control of livestock movements, as well c:is bettor response from vaccination and a hi"'hor level of' immunity in general, tho Bulgarian veterinary service pro:for;od to carry out

vaccinations at 4 month intervals, whonovor possible.

Consoquontly,the SAT1 vaccine which was r:1ado ::wailablo to Bulgaria early in 1963 __ (300,000 doses) together with 50,000 doses which were loft over from tho campaign last winter was used partly in April for the vaccination of about 60;000 hoadof cattle and partly during tho poriocl July/August for the vaccination of about 750,000 small ruminants, and ::or t::10 first vaccination or revaccination of about 180,000 cattle.

Vaccination against O virus was carried out in some areas of tho buffer zone and also iE tho swmner nlong the borders· with Yueoslavia and. Gre·ece for this purpose, 0 vaccine was imported from Czechoslovakia (2,000 litJ?o;).

Strict control of tho buffer area was carried out, particularly in B'J.lgarian Thrace.

This included onforcernont and intensification of veterinary police measures in the oordor aroas, comploto prohibition of tho importation of animal pi·od.ucts from Turkey, evacuation of 3,ll domestic animals along the Turco-Bulgarian frontior to a dqlth of 3 kms whon foot-and--mouth disoase was reported on tho othor side of tho frontior, _ inspoction of all animals every 10 days, disinfection of vohiclos in transit at border points, and. tho greatest possiblo ros~riction of movoccnt of persons. lfore them__ 1,000 aniu,~ls .101·e soizod ai-:d sent ·::acl:: to '11urk0y afte1· _ cros,:d.ng tho b0rder.

Animals 'ilt.i ch ~rn,d escaped from Bulgaria into 0

Turkish territory were slnughtor0d imriwdiatoly on their return.

In October, 200,000 doses of SAT1 vaccine and in November, 50,000 doses of O vaccine wore delivorod to Bu1garia.

In l'fovorcbor, tho autumn vaccination was commenced in tho buffer zones and., ;--;ocauso oi' the prosen~e of O virus in the bordering 'I1urkish and Greek provinces, bivalent vaccine \Yns used in Bulgarian Thrace and monovalent vaccino all along tho borders with Greece.

Considerable afilounts of locally produced O vaccino were also used..

(Bulgaria started a regular small-scale 1,roduction of foot-and-mouth disease vnccine in 1963).

During tho vaccination campaign, many votorinarians and army vehicles were sent to tho border areas and so, tte illajor operations were carriod out rapidly vlithin sovoral days.

To sum up_: 500y 000 do sos of SAT1 vc.ccino and 50,.000 doses of O vaccine wore supplied to Bulgaria by F.AO in 1963.

During the period April-August, 990,000 animals wore vaccinated.

F:!'.'or.1 lfovomoor onwards, 448,500 c.mimals were vaccinated (or rovaccinated) against SAT1 and O viruses in tho frontier areas w:i th Turkoy and 150,000 3,nimals along tho Grook frontier 1 against O virus.

In all, 1,583,500 v3,ccinations vroro carried out in 1963.

Tho opinion of tho Bulgariar. au-chori tios is that SAT1 virus r10uld most probably have alroady penotratod into tho frontier aroas despite all tho control measures taken, if no vaccine ~ad boon raado available for the campaign.

Turkey-Spring Campo.ign.

I 1horo vrnro considerable difficul tics carrying ou.t tho vaccination campaign ii: Turkish Thrace in tho Those arose from. t (1) t}10 ir,1p.m,si1}:LJ.it,i-oi'--t1si11, t',,..,·•-, .,d""' ,..., 8 . u ,._, . .. •• ., 0 • .• 1 0 u::.i:l::.l boc:.usc··of flnods• ·t3r Of '-crcinc::_··,::,.,c··,'l;j_()t(~ (. } " • ~ ''( ~)'i t ;L ,SGJ.J:'G:L ,

and delays in · spring of 1963. ,J::i,r1 y ~s C\

).

t:l:1c· n·c•··;_'.,;.,S·1 .•1-,r ,,,,._~,., Vt.:

- 28 to carry out innocu:.ty tests of all imported. vaccines oefore their official release; (4) the time necessary for the organization of vaccination teams and difficulties in obtaining from other parts of the country, personnel and eq_uipment already ei:n:oloyed elsewhere in foot-and-rnou-:~h disease work.

The various difficulties were eventually overcowe.

Before the end of April 1963, a total of 263,312 animals (45,350 cattle, 7,012 buffaloes, 165 9 379 sheep and 45~ 571 goats) were vaccinated near the G1 eek border in the province of Edirne.

This work was carried out by 14 teams.

In stunmer? a furthe:r 193,049 animals were vaccinated in this 1,rovince, 10 teams doing the work.

The other pord.er.:province 1 Kil'klareli, was also vaccinated to a depth of 50 k:ms (212,496 animals in 102 villages), the work being &one by 5 teams.

1

In all, 455 9 500 doses of SAT1 vaccine were sent to Turkey before the end o:f July.

In add.i tion to being used in the above-L1e11tioned provinces of the buffer zone, some of t~is vaccine was used outside the area, especially around infected areas in the provinces of Istanbul and Tekirdag, ,7here ring-vaccination was r)ractised.

In these provinces, 145 9 572 animals were vaccinated.

In al~ 814,929 animals were vaccinated in Thrace during the second stage of the campaign.

The autumn vaccinatioll_-9_a,!j1paign of the Turkish buffe:;.' zone (practically the entire province of Edir.c10 and Kirklareli) against SAT1 began only at the end of 1fovember.

Of the 200 9 000 doses of S.AT1 vaccine supplied for this purpose, 62,000 were used in the Kirklareli province and about 140 9 000 in the province of Edirne.

Five vaccination teams operated in each province~ but the work was slowed do,m~ :i;,articularly in Kirklal~oli, by bad. weather.

The campaign was completed at tho bogLming of' February 1964 with. 224 9 351 and 80,261 animals being vaccinated in 118 villages o:f Edirne province and 44 villages of Kirkla1'eli ;;,l'ovince.

In Thrace, 0 vaccine was o.l.so used, sometimes in cor.1bination with SAT1 vaccine, in the buffer zone and in other areas north and south of the Marmara Sea; 200,000 doses of O vaccine 9 donated by Germany in Angust proved very useful for this work.

To sum u gin 1963, ·the maintenance of the buffer zone (south-eastern Europe req_uired the supply of:700,000 doses of SAT1 vaccine to Greece 500,000 doses of SAT1 vaccine to Bulgaria

655,000 doses of SATi vaccine to Turkey and ofi

320,000 doses of 0 vaccine to Greece 50,000 doses of 0 vaccine to Bulgaria.

( In addition, FAO paid fol' tho freight of i 00 9 000 doses o:f O vaccine donated by the Belgian Government to meet an emergency follo~~ng the spread of O virus in northern Greece in the summer of 1963).

All the SAT1 vaccin0 sup})lied to Grooce 9 Bulgaria and Turkey was prepared by tho P:rbrig~1t Rosoarch Insti tuto, Tho cost of tho vaccine, US$ .38· FOB p0r close c:t the begin;-1ing o:;_' tho campaign, was :ator reduced to USf~ .28 CIF when tho availa1:i1i ty of funds allowed both l<7 AO and the Instituto to improve tho planning of opor&tions.

In August 1963, li'AO recoivod an o:ffo:r of SAT1 vaccine from Prench f ,icms .who had established ... of o vaccino procluction unit at -;:he Hesso,:rok Institute in Iran, under 'l, bilateral agro0mont b,:t,;rnen tho Ii'ronch and Iranian Govern;nents.

This nmv source of vaccine hac roooivod serious consideration by Ii'AO. It was agreed with tho producinc firms that a mission ,;ould carry out "on the spot" invostigc1tions .s.t an early d.G,to with a viow to ascertaining whethei~ tho vaccine producod has aJ.l t;w roquiremsnts for possible uso in the buffer zone.

(B) Vaccinn:,i 011 in Cyprus. ~As soon as part of the 100,000 do sos of the S.A'.I-1 vaccine ordorod from the Israeli Government became available (Novonber 1963) 1 38 1 000 doses o:f vaccine uei·o sent to Cyprus vrhoro vaccination of all tho bovinos in tho island was carried out before the end of December.

Boforo authorisin 0 th0 shi:9n10nt oi' thG vcccino to Cyprus, the protocols oi' innocui ty and potency tests ol' tho vaccine were made aveilable to PAO and wore found satisfactory. ( ~ Control of foot-and-mouth disoaso in r.rb.raco and Anatolia.

At thG Tenth Session of the European Oommissicn, tho progrcl.m to be carried out for tho improver,,ent of the sanitary control of disease in '.l'urkoy was discussed.

In !)e,rticular, i ~ was folt tl1at all ::possj_blo ,J.ssistance should be given with a view to h.el:pins tho Turkis:1 authori tios to limit the :possibility of in.foction being carried across tho :Bosphorus into 'I-hrace.

For this 1;iurposo, since the ·o<,ginning of tho cetmpaign, tho Animal Heal th Division oi' the Hinistry of .Agricul turo, Fisheries end ?ood (U.K.) has loaned voterin~ri2.ns as 2.clviso:r--s to the Turl::ish Govorrn;10nt on foot-and-mouth disease control.

In 1963, Mr. H.D. Ritchie (~:9 September 1962 - 29 March 1963) and subsoq_u:mtly M:r • .A.G. Stubbins (7 April - 7 August 1963) were on duty in Turkoy.

The assignment of IJr. Stubbins vms reconfirmed for one year and vill terminate in Ootober 1964.

His assignment is paid for from tho funds for the SAT1 cmnpaign (Trust F'und 111).

The Government of' Canada 9,lso r;1ac:io availe,blo t,;rn vetorinz:1,rians o.nd met t ~ cost of thoir salaries.

Dr. J. _Po1°1ior and Dr. D.M.L. McGee worked for six months (April-Soptcmbor i 963) in Thrace, and wero stationed in the Ista:-1bul area.

Their torrr,s of roi'oronco were, mainly "improving tho system of assernbly and shipmer. t o:f :minlr.,l G intended for markets and slaughterhouses at Istanbul, ir. order to ensure that animnls infoctod 17i th :foot-and-mouth disonsu G.ro not to.kon to t:10 Istanbul market and slaughterhouse; improving tho systom of sani ta:ry control and q_uarantino in r11hraco and in other· p::.ovincos south of the Llnrmara Sea considered necessary for adequate control".

Dr. McGoo 1 s assignment was extended for a further six months, i.o. until tho end. of 11a:rch 1964.

While ho . has 'ooon concorned mainly with the improvement of tho animal health situation in Thrace and tho disoaso control in tho Bosphorus region~ )fr, Stubbins' has boon dealing with tho foot-andmoutn disease situation and control in Turkey in gonoral, and is assisting

in the development of· tho novr insti tuto for tho production of foot-andmouth disease vaccine.

The Turkish Government supplied "cl-10 exports with oounterpsrt personnel and transport for thciT triI)S in foe country, and facilitated their contacts and exchange of views wi tr. loca:. authori tios in tho places or establishments visited.

Du.ring each field trip, spocic..l discussions took place with tho field veterinarians on the necessity for enlistinc tho cooperation of tho villagers in observing sanitary regulations. lvfarkoting and slaughtering facili tics G.t Istanbul were inspected frequently as ·was tho railroad terminal at Haydarpa;;ia (.Asintic side of Istanbul) where tho majority of e;nimC:tls from Anatolia 011 rou't;e to tho Istanbul market and :from thore possibly to Thrace are handled.

Tho veterinary authori tics ir. Turkey ho.ve noted the ol1sorvations and .r0commondatio11..s of the exports and have tried to apply t,nom c:::s far as possible.

With regard to control o~ tho Bosphorus, sanitary inspection of livestock from Anntolia has 1.mproved during tho yoar.

This is most noticeable nt 1faydo.rpa 9 a 9 irrhero holcling pens have ":.10en constructed and aro in use to facilitato inspection of tho animals. AI'rangemonts at this J'.'ailhoad haYObeon so greatly improved th~t all susceptible animals are now inspected be:forc being ferried across tho :Bosphorus.

Inspection at 1:mothor port of oxi t - Uskuda:r - has al so improved? but further measures aro roq_uirod there, as woll as e,t tho Tophano Docks at Ist&nbul to ensuro that no inf'octod anirno.ls pass through into Thrace.

It 1..vill bo rocallod that :noro_.t'h£.m i, 500,_ooo a1tl;;1r.lo oror:s the Bosphorus each yoar in tho direction of Thraco, It is estiDatod that 25,000 of them nro sent ::·rom tho Ist2.nou1 mo.rkot into 'l'hraco for further fattening or for slaughter.

Tho Chi of of the FAO Animal Hoc.l th :Sranch, tho Ch,~irman and tho Secretary of the Commission hnvo maint:::..inod cJ.oso contact v,i th tl10 Turkish Veterinary authorities, m.o.inJ.y throuc;h tho exports~ but also -i;Jlrough· tho FAO Representatives at Ankara o.ncl the Turkish Ernb;:1ssy in Homo.

This contact ia aimed at ensuring coord.inr;,tod '.:.ct:.ons of nll o.cti vi ties v,i th a vio,:r to improving disease control ir. 'Turkey.

Hovrover, tho vastnoss o:f tho country, tho num':ler and dispersion of villagos, tho con.di tions of 1ifo 7 ospecic,lly in the oontral and oasto:rn parts of tho .Anatolian peninsula, t::10 common use of pastures and breeding areas, lack of transport and scarcity of good roads in goneral, rncko tho problem of disease control oxt:comely dif'fiouJ. t, p8.rtj_cularly in Anattilin.

Tho approach must be gradual if pcrmo.ncnt results aro to bo ac.;hiovod.

It must bo :-i.ckno-r1ledgod that Turl:oy has rnado romarkablo qff'orts towards tho ultimate aim of tho eradication of i'oot-and-mouth disoaso• from the country.

In 1963, these efforts wore intensified.__ While inspection of all animals intended fer movement fron: Anntolia to 1 stanbul is ooing improved, previous vaccino.tion of all susceptible animals is envisaged.

In the meantime, the public have been informed 1)y posters, nevrspapers and -'radio.

31

about the importanc:: of ±·oot-and-mouth cl.L,::.;,nso, its role in tt.e country's economy, and control measures., 'l'he 'i\irkish authorities have infornocl' the Commission thatmoro emphcwis will ·:)a given to these activi Ties in 1964.

Training of veterinarians novv P~~i::-;.[' t?i--vo11 L10:-~;; .::·l~-t::~:<:ic.;~~ in each province ths n;xnber of in teams, for oxample fo:r :::'ing

specialise0 in infectious disease control is ·Jl''-3• 1I1}1c~ nin i.:J -to incr ot1oc such s 1JGCialists vr.rho would also vrnrk together v:~ccinat:~on ..

"::,l:::- .L 1

1

Vaccination :Ln □ ore than 300 villa 1sos in the border provinces oi' Edirne and KirklareJ.i necessitated the? transfer of many veterinarians ano. transport from other provinces. ~overtheless, vaccination was carried out in more t~an 240 villages outside the buffer zone in Thrace, and in 4,457 villages of' Anatolia, In fact~ moro than 600,000 cmimals wero vaccinated in .Allatolia alone, 1-vi th SAT1 and/or O vaccine 9 most of which was produced in Etlik.

Thj_s ·::)r:.ngs· tho total· c:,:::..:i:or _1 '_r:·.ls v.:~.,cinatod in .:.·urlrny durin 0 1963 up to nt loast 2,000,ooc.

The constructicn of tho new ::·oot-m1d-rnoutb disease Institute at .Ankara, ::'...s 3.dve.ncin 6 sati:c·f~,0+.0:-n_~,.

The Turkish Government is aJ.so considering the transfer of the livestock and tho slnue-hturhouse e.t Ist:mbul to the Asi13, tic sido of' tho Bosphorus, 'This would bo of great assistc:Y1co il1 ma:.nt9.ining T111~aco free of infection.

□ arket

(D) Ex:pansion of ·rnccine production o.nc. supply of laboratory eguip1.10nt to tho Institutes o.t Athens 2 Ankara and Tel Aviv Until the contribution of tho European Econ•:imic Cornnunj_ ty · (EEC) became available for use L1 tno SAT1 campaign, e,ssistanco furnishod 0:n th tho funds received from the other European countries hEA to b,J dovotodossentially to tl10 supply of vaccine.

This docs not incJ.udo, howovol'i tho supply cf oq_uipmont and transportation effected durinc 1962 to TurkoyJ Iran nnJ otLor ccuntrios in tho Near East from fur~ds made available ::'...n tho r::ocond :1a~f of ': 962 by tho Uni tod Ifo tions Contingency :Bu.ncl Bnd Ii'..A0 1 ns closcri bod in tho Report of the Tenth Session of the Commission.

Since June 1963 1 1.rvhon tho first part (US$500J000) of tho contribution of the EEC was dopos:i.:tod with PAO, tLo Socrotar;y has beon engaged in tho task of evaluating tho needs of Tho Inc,ti tutes at Athens, Ankara and 'Tel Aviv and of rovievn.ng, in collaboration vn. th the veterinary 3uthori tios of the assisted cou:r:trj_es 1 tho lists of equipment req_uired to oxpand tho production of foot-::i,nd-mout)1 di soaso vaccine.

Major dii'ficul ties aroso whon spacial ocr..1.ipment, suc:'1 as large autoclaves, distillators of high potoncy and cli:nat::..c instalJ.ations, ·.7ero required ::or ins ti tutos still under expansion ( Grooco) or under con;:;truction (Anlrnra).

In this regard., it .i.s gratifying to LCJ to G~1c.t ,:i thin a :'cw r.ionths, tho construction of a completely now ins ti tu.to at An};:ara has econ brought to a vory satisfactory stag0 and that tho Govornraont of Greece has sot aside 1,300,000 d.rachma for tho expansion of tho oxi~iting institute.

32 'I1he project for the contral buildin;· of the .Anko::ra Institute vra'S submitted b~; tho ri'urkish 0,utl::.ori tios "00 }i'f,.0 ,:nc'.. t':18 Co::1nis::,ion 1or o:x:a:nination.

The Secretary of the Coi-:-,.mission who had 9 vri th Dr. A.W. Stableforth, already visited the foundations of tho Institute, transmitted to the Turkish authori tics tho Droposod. modifications of the :plans vihich FAO considers necessary for impro;ing tho functioning and efficiency of tho Institute.

While awaiting the complotion of tho now Institute 2.t Ankara, some apparatus has boon ordered and 9 in part, has already boon delivered.

This will serve to increase vc.ccino production at tho old laboratory at Etlik, Part of those supplies is a sot of Frenkel equi~omont, vessels for tho inactivation of tho vaccine, centrifuges of various typos, stGrilizors, homogonizors, Seitz filters, separators, glassware and chemicals, of a value of about US$56,000.

Before tho now insti tuto vrill be functioning 1 tho old insti tuto vvill bo ablq to increase its actual vaccine production capacity which, in 1963, wasg

SATi vaccinog 0 vnccinoi SAT1 and O ~accino:

379,000 doses 109, OQO II

22,733

For tho Institute at Athens, oq_uiprnent to tho value of US$JO,OOO has already boon ordered.

Certain installations could not be ordered before 1964, as tho final plans for tho nov.,r '>7ing of the Institute were not knovvn.

Vaccine production in Greece during 1963 reached approximately 350,000 doses, and. some time vlill ela:pse until tho production can "he brought to a satisfactory level for local needs, ",7hich shou::.d be no less than 2,000,000 closes annuo.lly.

This estir_nte includes tl1.c, possi b1c oxc2w.n,3·e of vaccine for Turkish SAT, V,?..ccino to be 'LWoc, for tho vacci11~1tio11. oi' the h:. li'for zon-e .in GraBce. Concerning t:io Institut0 at 7el Aviv, about US$6,500 worth of equipmont has been ordered~ pending the solu-tion o:f administrative problems in connection with financing tho expansion of the institute in accordance ;,vi th tho proposals mado by tho Israeli Govornmont to :;_::iormi t tho construction of isolation uni ts for carrying out itmocui ty 0,nd efficc..cy tests.

(E)

Tranaportation

Tho supply of moans of transportation to Turko;y and- Greece has been considered essential sinco the bo;:;inninc; of the campaign.

'Jillie difficul tios v,rhich both countries have ox-oorioncod in -'~leis regard are well knovm and it b~,cmne evident 2.lso du:ring 1963, that id thou t 0,deq_ua to means of transllortation, the raaintenance of tho buffer zone consti tutos a serious problem.

Even ',7i th a groator availability of SAT1 vaccine, it would hardly have boon possible to cover a lGrga-aroa of vaccin~tion than that actually served. t

Turkey has already obtained 27 juops? paid for ·,,i th funds made available

by F.AO during 1962, ponding the 1°esult.J of the S.AT1 fund-raising campaign.

A further 36 cars a:ncl. a 4-v;heel-drivo refrigerated truck will bo d.olivorod. before the beginning of tho 1964 campaign.

Negotiations ,ri th Turkey are under way to obtain tho importation of vehicles at tho lowest possible cost,

33 Lo. under tho san:o conditions as appliod to UJ'JICEF.

The 'I'urkis~1 Government, on its part, has delivorod i00 joeps to tho voterinnry services in order to improve the officioncy of vetcrina:ry inspection and of so:rvices all over tho country, particularly in '11hrace.

It is expected that a further 61 jc:ops v.nd refrigerated vehicles will bo purchased by the Turkish Government during 1964.

This rdll bo a dofini to improvement in the situation and possibilities of etisease control in Turkey, whero only 260 vehicles, mostly old., -;vero available· for the whole country at the time of the SATi virus invasions into the country.

A total of 17 Land Rovers and one 4-whool-drive refrigerated truck Hore ordered for Greece in 1963, nnd will bo delivered to the country· before the beginning of tho spring vaccination campaign in the buffer areas.

To assist in ti.10 control of foot-ano.-rwuth disease? 7 jeeps and one 4-wheel-drive refrigerated truck wero clolivored in 196J to Iran as part of tho assistance p1°ogram in i 962 with funds n:ad.e available by FAO and tho UN Contingency Amel.

( P) Ji'inancing of SAT1 Campaign.

Fino.ncing of tho campaign during 1963 was oi'fected from tr.'o :unds g Trust Pund 97, established with the contri butions made by the various European countries and Trust .Fund 111 c,stablished vd th tl:o contribution of the Eu:ro})oan Economic Community.

Trust fund 97.

Up to 31 :March 1963, contributions to the oq_uivalent of US$544,500 had boon paid into tho Fund by tho United Kingdom, Ireland, Si;·,ri tzerland, Israel, Aut:,tria, Yugoslavia, Pinland and Iceland.

This amount has ·oeen used. almost eEti:::-cly for the :purchase of vaccine (1,350,000 doses) and· was practically exhausted at the time of tho Tenth Session of the

Commission.

Since tho Tenth Session ("17-19 April 1963), additional contributions from individual Duropoan ccuntrics have lJ.Jon 9.llocatedi Swodon (22 MGy) Dcmr.mrk ( 24 Juno) ?forvvay ( 11 Soptomber) Total

US$' 50,212 US'.Pi 15,680 US$ 71,280 us~t237, 172

At tho prosont time more than US$200,ooo are still available in this fund.

Trust Fund 111.

The first contributi:m to the SAT1 campai 6rn by the European Ecor..omic Community amounted to US~"i,508 9 76Z and was dopositod with FAO in tv;o separate instalments o!~ US$502:,325 and of US$1,006,437 in Juno and Soptembor 1963~ respectively.

From April 1963 to February 1964, 1,800,000 doses of SAT1 vaccine and 370,000 doses of 0 vaccine vrer>e ordered.

SA'l'·J VGccine v;as supplied by the Pirbright Institute and 0 vaccine by the Institutes of Amsterdam, Brescia and Brussels.

'1 h0 total cor;t of the vaccine wns approximstoJ.y US$600,000 freieht includcdg 662,000 doses of SAT1 vaccino which-wi-llello 1

34 used in tho 1964 canpaign havo boon included in tho amount of US$600,000.

Tho cost of tho oquip,n011t supplied to the laboratories in Turkey,· Groooe

and Israel up to tho ond of Docombor 1963 :i.mountod to about US$100,000 nnd oost of i 'ts trancportation to Grecco ancl Turkey amounted to a fu1°ther US$1 31 , OCO,

At the end of 1963, tho financial situation of Trust Fund "1"11 vras:

US$ 600,000 Expondi tu1·0 for vaccines 11 131,000 Transportation 11 100,000 Equipment 1 25,000 Sorvicing 5 missions of exports, otc. ' USS 856,000 a1proximatoly US$ 652~000 • .At tho end of ·1963:i tho sup1,ly ol' 1Rbor2.tC1ry equipment to tho assisted countries was f::r :from complot0 and, in 1964, together vri th some acltli cional trensportation, vrill involve tho oxponcli t1uc of at least US$290, 000, This :figure still 1.·c:;rnins loHer tb:m thct forosoon a-;; tho firs~ meeting of tho FAO/EEC Oonsultati_ve Oornmittoo. If to this Ziguro tho oxpoctod o.xpondituro in 1964 of US$J0,000 for administrative sorvicos 9 missions ~~d experts is added, tho aogunt avnilabl0 for tho purchase of vaccine in 1964 will approxima to US:$ 3 3 2, 000 ( US~~6 52, 000 - 32 o, 00 O) •

(G)

Futuro activities with rogo.:::-d to tho SAT1 campaign and tho nocd fo1. mo1'0 contributions 0

Tho future activities with regard to tho SAT1 vaccination campaign is clearly linked to thc- availability o-I: 1\.1.ncls.

Savings ofi'octod during 1963 from tho funds so generously mado av,dlable by tho European countries h::.s r:12,de it }:lossi blo to sot a-sido tho necessary amount to purchase vaccino fo:r tho 1964 spring campaign.

In fact on tho basis of tho prosont cost oi' tho SAT1 vaccine, i.e.

US$ .28 CIF, t:i.o balance still 1we,ilablo in Trust E'und 111 for th8 1,urchaso of vaocino corresponds to 1,100,000 dosos o: vaccine; thoro aro also 662,000 doses loft over from tho 1963 co□ paicn.

The program for 1964 is desori bod in t:i-10 ropo::t of the Consul tati vo Commi ttoe vrhich mot in lmkarn on 27-29 January 1964 (Appendix II b ).

Since a letrgo increase in vacoino production in Turkey cannot "bo expected boforo 1965, it is urgent that stops bo taken in order to prepare for any possible omergoncy si tue.tion ,;,hich· might arise in south-eastern Europo botwoon rmtumn 1964 and spring -1965.

Otho:::- sources of fin:mcing should, thoroforo, 'Jo invGstigntod.

The supply oJ' oquipmont to the Institutes of .Ankara and .Athans and possibly Tol Aviv v;ill 'oe com},lotod ns fa::.~ as possible i;7i th tho funds available for "chis purr)oso.

Tho Socro-Ln:cy will ascortnin .further

35 requirements of oquipmont and tho results obtained with tho equipment suppliod so far.

Technical assistance to Turkey will -bo continuod in order to o·::itain a steady impr-ovornont in tho control of :'oot-.::cnd-mouth disease :im Thrace. ?or this purpose, tho efforts of tho Turkish authorities, aiming at complete control of livestock movomont across the Eosphorusj will closely be followed.

Tho Socretai--y will maintnin contact with tho specialists who arc engaged in diagnostic vork and are carrying out opizootiological investigations on foot-and-mouth u.iseaso in tho Noar East within tho framework of activiti0s of tho Near East Animal Real th Ins"ci tuto.

Turkey ,r.i.11 be kept informed.

- 36 MINUTES

or

Aj?pendix

rr.�

';:HE MEETING OF THE SAT l CON8UL1'ATIVE COYMITTEE Rome, 22 July 1963

Presentg Dr. Dr. Sir Dr. Dro

R.Willems, European Economic Community R.Vittoz, International Office of Epizootics John Ritchie, Chief Veterinary Officer, United Kincdom E.A.Eichhorn, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations G.M.Boldrini, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Dr. Eichhorn opened the meeting and. explained that it had been agreed that a small Consultative Committee should advise on the admin­ istration of Trust Fund 111 ( Contribution of EEC to the SATl campaign), and those present ·were Di'� 1:Villm.Js y i•;:;proso�1ti:n:; the EEC 9 Dr. Vittoz, the OIE; Dr. Eichhorn, FAO and Sir John Ritchie the countries which had contributed to the SATl campaign other than those which are members of EEC, FAO, EEC, O IE and the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and.­ Mouth Disease had prepared information on the work that had already been done to control SA'l'l foot-and-mouth disease virus in the Near East and in those European countries which had already become infected, i.e. Turkey and Greece. It was reported that, following the successful campaign in Greece, the disease was not present in any European country except Turkey and that experts were still working in Turkey to assist the Turkish authorities in their campaign.

There was considerable discussion on the present situation wr�ich revealed that not only was SAT l infection present in Turkey but that there was infection with O virus botl:. in that country and in Greece, It was agreed that the problem could be divded into two parts, (1) which concerned the prevention of the spread of disease into other European countries and, (? ), the oven tual eradic:1tion of the disease from those countries which were already affected.

While vaccinai:io:n of susceptible animals in buffer zones was obviously essential, it was agreed that it was necessary to provide facilities in the countries wherG the disease was present so that they could produce vaccine for themselves in tho future to supplemont the classical moans which they must enforce.

At a mooting in Burssels with officials of the EEC and FAO in February, it had been agreed that tho 1,500,000 dollars, provided by EEC j would be allocated as followsg US$ 450, 000 Usi -- 140, 000 +

US$ 900 , 0 00

for laboratory facilities and equipment in T urkey, Greece and Israel viz. f or r��- o��s of tr�n�port,.1··the provision of vehicles for the vaccination teams, refrigeration vans etc.

·

for the provision of vaccine

This projoct has again been examined and set up as followsi(a) With rogard to tho laboratoriesj the meGting considered that the allocations ~o~oseon Rhould be maintained. Howcvorj it will not be absolutely necessary to adhere strictly to the individual allotments laid down in 3russelsj i.e. US$ 250,000 for Greoco, USS 100 1 000 for Turkey (which has already obtained assistance from United Nations Contingency Funds) and US$ 100,000 for Israel.

These individual ::,,llotmonts could be modified s1ightly in view of thfl needs er local circumstances in order to obtain maximum efficiency of the laboratories ioncerned, However generally speaking the proportions laid down previously for budgetary allocations should be rospocted.

(h) With reg:ird to transport, it has besn estimated that the amount of US$ 140,000 should be incroclsod to US$ 178,000 in view of the need to purch8so~40 jeeps for Turkey (at US$ 2,085 each)

85,000

25 Landrovors for Greece (at US$ 2 1 500 each)

63,000

2 refrigerated trucks for Turke:y (4-wheel drive)

15 9 000

2 refrigerated trucks for Greece (4-wheel drive)

15 2 000

Total

178,000

(c) Provision should bs madG for essential

expenses for Technical Assistance to interested countries (expo~ts 9 iield assignments etc)

30,000

(d) It is absolutely essential to re-inforce ~ho buffer zones in vrhich many ''.nirr:als have already been vacci.r.ated l,1st ::roa:r and during tho spring.

The quanti t;r of inactivated SA'I11 vaccinEJ required has been calculated on tho b2~sis of 2 ~ 200 9 000 bovine doses i.o. 1,100 9 000 doses will be used in September/October and 1,100,000 doses in April/ Nay 1964.

Moreover twice 250,000 doses i.o. 500,000 supplementary doses will be needed for tho va6cination of cattle in Cyprus. The vaccine for C;r::_):rus ;rill corno from the Isro.oli l;.11(- •. '-" ~v~j ~ ,;:;__ ~h whicl::. FAD hr1s already placed an order.

-38 -· It is also desirable to furnish vaccine typo o ~o Turkey in ~der to enable the Turkish authorities to confine the efforts of their laboratory to the production of SAT 1 vaccine.

SAT 1 vaccine producaJ. in Turko;{ vrill be useu. within the country in places other than the buffer zones in order to reducs progressively the incidence of the disease and to stem its spread towards Thrace.

Moreover 250,000 doses of vaccine O will be needed for ring vaccin""tion outside the buffer zones. If on the other h:,nd O vaccination should prove necessary in certain parts of the buffer zone, 600,c,oo supplementary doses might be required.

Where cnn these vaccines be purch~sed?

To date, apart from the Israel~ l~bor~tory which has promised to furnish 500,000 doses? the Pirbright l~boratory is the only one able to furnish rapidly considerable quantities of vaccine (inactivated SAT 1 Middle E~st vaccine).

The meeting rocommendod tho,t,c00 000 doses now available at Pirbright be ordered imm0diatoly and that 560,000 doses be also ordered now for the campaign in April/May 1964. The purchase of another 700,000 doses will he,ve to be planned in order to :1ttain the toto,l of 2, 200!1000 doses.

It will, therefore,, be necess::1,ry to obtain ·in:f,o::omat:i:on. f:rom, other lo.boratorio s, particularly in Iran t:rn.d Isrr:,el.

If tow::.rds the end of this ye2,r it becomes obvious that these laborntories will not be in a position to furnish the required vaccine in good time, it ,rill be nocossG,ry to pl::::.co 2., supplementary order with Pirbright.

Therefore the prob2.ble: origin o;· tho V:J.ccines will be as follows?,

SAT 1 inactivated vaccineg (a) 1,000,000 doses to be oci0red from Pirbright :'or immociiate use (September/October) o

(b) 500,000 doses to be ordered from Pirbright now for a campaign in the Spring of 1964. (c) 700 1 000 doses to be purchased if possible from Iran ~nd Israel, possible order from Pirbright if required . (d) 500,000 doses, order placed with Israelo 0 vaccine

850,000 doses EuroJean laboratories

Exponsesz SAT l vaccine

g

( 1,500,0•:J() doses ::1t isO.J7 including freight, ( ordered from Pirliright

555,000

( ( 500,000 doses c1t ~too 23 including freight, ( ordered from Israel

115,000

( ( 700,000 doses, cstim~tc only of the price ( based on th0 price made by ?irbright, ( prcbC1ble order from the Hid.dlo Eas.:t 0 vaccineg

259,000

850,000 doses ::1t ± 8,0.14 including :freight? orders from European l~boratorios

1190000

Tra.nsport

178,000

Tcchnic~l Assistance

30,000 $

':L, 706,000

Availabi li tY' _of' funds:

Balance on 15 July 1963 of first EEC Doposi t Trust Fund 111 ~, Second EEC Deposit Trust Fund. 111 Funds G.Vail2-ble from Tr..1St Fund 97 (othor countric,s)

200,000 1,000,000 162 2 000

S 1,362,000 The expenses fcresoon theref·oro OXG·9od the av2.ilabili ty by $344,000 However it hc:.s to be noted th2-t ccrtC1in expsndi tures could not be estimated exactly, p~rticularly the cost of vaccines to be purch&sed in the Middle EJ.st, since those vaccinGs wi11 probc::.bly not oost $0.]7 per dose.

On the other r.and s,bsolute prio:::-i ty will bo gi vcn to S)/[' 1 vaccination and the possible lack of funds would result in o, decronse in the number of 0 vaccinations.

FAO will do everything in its power for tho implementation of the plan which has been csto.blished by the Committee in order to further the development of tho project.

- 40 -

m:Ntrl'ES OF TBE ~IllG OF THE SJ,.11'1 CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE Ankara, Turkey, 27-29 January 1964

Presenti

Dr. R. Willems, European Economic Community (also representing the International Office of Epizootics) Sir John N. Ritchiei Chief Veterinary Officer, United Kingdom Dr, E . .A. ~chhorn, Chief, .Animal Health Branch, FAO, Rome Dr. G.M. Boldrini, Secretary, European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, FAO, Rome

It was explained that vaccine had already been allocated as followsg-

(a)

S.AT1 Vaccine, Buffer zone vaccination has been carried out twice, i.e. in spring and in autumn, For this 1,700,000 doses of vaccine have been purchased from the Pirbright Institute at US cents 35 per dose FQB for the first 700,000 doses and US cents 28 CIF for an order of 1,000 9 000 doses.

100,000 doses have been o:cdored from the Tel Aviv Institute at US cents 34 per ·dose.

(b)

0 Vaccine. 370,000 doses of O vaccine from Belgium, Holland and Italy were used for the vaccination of part of the buffer zone when, in autumn, an outbreak of O virus occurred there.

(According to source, the cost' of the vaccine varied from US cents 9 to 12 per dose FOB).

US$ 40,.000

Vaccine was distributed Type S.AT1

Type 0

as

followsg

Greece Bulgaria Turkey Cyprus

650,000 doses II 500,000

Greece Bulgaria

320,000 doses 50,QQQ II

650,000

38,ooo

l!

II

of the 662,000 doses of. SAT1 vaccine for which payment has already been made remain available at Pirbright (600,000 doses) and Tel Aviv (62,000) for the spring campaign 1964.

(The vacci¥ available at Tel Aviv ~od bcun sot aside for vaccination in Cyp:r11._A, (but circumstances make its use impossible meantime).

11009/E

- 41 Purchase of Laboratory Eguipment Orders have already been placed for equipment for the laboratories of Athens and Ankarag Funds spent for Ankara 11 11 11 Athens II II 11 Tel Aviv

US$ 63,500 30,000 6,500 US$100,000

To complete the orders for equipment for Ankara and Athens and to provide vehicles, another US$200,000 will be required, while US$90,000 will be necessary to expand the Tel Aviv Institute.

The Government of Israel has proposed,·.as: an aJ.tornc1:tive~ t~:.at instocd o:f r0cciving equip-· uont, Trust J.i\md 111 shonh1• pay fo:-,,,~ tho erection of isolation sta'blos 1 since the Israeli Government has already purchased such equipment from their own funds.

Purchase of vehicles Orders were placed forg

36 jeeps and Landrovers and one refrigerated truck for Turkey US$ 83,000 17 " II " " " " II u Greece 40,000 US$131,000 Other expenses These include administrative costs, travel expenses and expenses for experts to Turkey, Greece, etc.

US$ 25,000 30,000

in 1963 in 1964

US$ 55,000 Briefly, expenses incurred up till 15 January 1964 on Trust Fund 111 are as follows:

us$6oo,ooo 100,000 131,f)OO 55,000

Purchase of vaccine Purchase of Laboratory equipment Purchase of vehicles Administration of Fund and experts

TOTAL

US$886,000

To these must be added approximately to complete the provision of equipment for,the expansion of the laboratories at Athens, Ankara and Tel Aviv.

us$290,ooo

This means a total of commitments of Balance (for purchase of vaccine in 1964)

US$1,176,000 332,000 US$1,508,000

- 42 There had been some diff~culty in carrying out all the decisions taken by the FAO/EEC Consultative Committee which met-on 22 July 1963 because the EEC contribution was deposited with FAO in two parts; 18 June·196.3 US$.502,.325 and 6 September 1963 US$1,006,437.

It had been found necessary to delay :provision of equipment until the ex1,ansion of the laboratories had been made so that the provision of ur,.sui table apparatus could be avoided.

In view of the dit~ficul ties in local vaccine production an endeavour has been made to coordinate the systems so that immunity should be maintained as long as possible in the bttffer zones.

The decisions of the /;ommittee taken on 22 July 1963 have 9 however9 been the basis of the action taken up to date.

The efforts made by the Turkish authorities in controlling the disease 9 particularly in Thrace 9 and the use of vaccine in South East Europe· have been so effective that tho disease position is much more favourable.

This has also allowed certain economies.

However, the danger of spread of SAT1 virus has by no means been overcome and a great effort must be made in the spring of 1964.

It would appear that only O virus for the moment is present in Thrace and, therefore, in a.ddi·tion to an extensive campaign with SAT1 vaccine, it· is necessary to use O vaccine in the buffer zones and for ring vaccination.

Regular typing of vi~"Us from outbreaks must be continued.

In view of the absence of outbreaks due to SAT1 virus in tho buffer zone sine November 1962, it did not appear necessary to vaccinate throughout the whole of the buffer zone in Greece and Bulgaria.

It was considered that 200,000 cattle doses of' SAT1 vaccine for each of those countries would be sufficient and that 500 1 000 uoses could be provided for the buffer zone in Turkey.

At the same time an effort should be made to provide O vaccine for the buffer zone and a further supply :·o:c Turkey in- view of the extensive outbreaks of disease duo to tic.is virus iu that country.

It was considered that 100,000 doses of O va--:;eine eanh f'or Greece and Bulgaria would be suff'icient since they ought to be able to provide a certain amount of 0 vaccine for their ovm use.

800 9 OCO dosoCJ o:C O vaccine should be given to Turkey ; this larger 2:.,nount ::.s nocoss3.ry no'", only because of the serious outbreaks of disease in ':.'.1u1•:coy b'c1.t [\::.so because tho vaccine production effort in Turkey is to be di1·ecto~: towards SA'I'i virus,by agreement.

A further 800,000 d.osos of SAT·] vaccine should be :provided to Turkey for use in Thrace, so that aJ::. intensive campaign Gould be launched as soon as possible in that area, This 7 it was considered, would give tho best prospect of reducing the need for continual vaccination in this area.

In addi ticm, 200 9 000 closes of S.AT1 vaccine should be provided for Turkey to supplement its own production of vaccine for use in other parts of Turkey.

This moans that i,900 9 000 doses of SAT1 vaccine and 1,000,000 doses of O vaccine are rcq_ui:1'.'od :fo.'1'.' the s1>2'.'ing campaigno 600,000 doses of SAT'i vaccine have already been paid for so that the cost of vaccine wi2..l be '1,300,000 doses SAT1 at US cents 30!1 i.e. US$ 390 1 000, 1,000,000 doses of Oat US cents 15, i.e. US$150,000, amounting to a to~al of US$540, 000.

43

Sir John Ritchie had announced that the UK Governuent would provide a further "substantial" sum for the SAT"i campaign before the end of March 1964.

Thero was alrDady a balance o:f US$332 1 000 in hand in Trust Tund 111 so that there were atiple fund.s to provide for this vaccination with the possibility of a reserve to be added to tl:.e balance boin 0 hold under Trust Fund 97 • This :resorvo vms es.son tial for f:.i.rther p:covi.sion of vaccine pond.inc the now laboratories coming ::..nto full production.

It was understood that at leaat the required amount of SAT1 inactivated vaccine was available from the Merieu.."'\: laboratories in Iran.

Dr. Willems and D:c·. Boldrini were about to visit these lab oratorios and if their report was satisfactory, it was ae;roed that this amount of vaccine (1,300,000 doses) should bo purchased. :f for any reason this amount of vaccine or part of it wore ..10t availablo from this source, it was agreed th5,t the Director of Pirbright sho 1.ild be approacl":od. to see to Vihat extent his laboratory could produce vaccine to fill tho gap.

It was ccns.:.dered that this 2.mount o:f vaccination was about the limit to which tho Turkish Ve-torina:::-y Service vms able to work.

Indeed, the campaign as envisaged i;wuld :i;-equire some 30-40 vaccinatin 0 teams.

It was agreed in principle that tho support required in Israel for· the provision of stables for tests of vaccinas in isolation should be given.

In tho first place it was considered valuabl8 that foot-and-mouth disease should be kept under complete control in Israel.

SeconLly, it was understood that Israel would produce in&ctivatod vaccines abainst SAT1, Asia I and. 0 viruses and a laboratory in this rogion oquiJ,ped for vaccines of those typos was a considerable asset for disease control.

It was, however~ considered essential that there should be an und,::rtaking with the Israeli Government that vaccine sui~plus to req:.1iremo11ts should be made available to FAO, especially in event of an emergency arising in connection with the present campaign.

It would, thorefore, bo nocossary to discuss this n:a·~ter :further vri th the Israeli authori tics so that it should be understood that a stated proportion of vaccin~ production (say 10 percent) could be mudo available at notmore than cost price to Y'AO. Tho 10 percent which could be made available to PAO would be on tho assumption that the Israeli laboratory was working to capacity in tho production of vaccines.

While it would appear t}~at it was poss~blo to finance the vancination. in tho spring of 1964~ there 1:ms 2-i ttle in reserve for possible developments in the autumn and for a cor-i:ain amou:r...t of vaccina".:-ion ::r1 i 965 bo:fore the Greek, Turkish and Isro.eli laboratories were .-wrking to capacity.

Indeed, any necessary campaign in -~:ie s::;iring of 1965 Ymuld 9 in all pro._,abili ty 1 have to bo financed from T:2ust Funds 111 and 97.

In consequence it was considered that ::. t would. lie advisaole to seek :further i'inancial assistance f::-on;. EEC in good time.

It vrould be unfortunate if it uas found impossible to press the campaign to its conclusion bocause of some financial difficulties, in viow of tho fact that tho considerable sums already ex:ponde&. could confidently bo snid to have yj_eldod good l'Osul ts in controlling·_ the disease.

Only a continuation of tho effort could safeguard tho sizeable -investment already ma.de, A sum in tho region of h.s.lf tho previous EEC contribution \7oul6. make it possible tc continue tho worl.: with prospects of success.

0

44

It was considered thnt it would bo necessary for the Consultative _Committee to meet again ih about six months 1 time and a date in July ;i.n Brussels was suggested.

AP1-'Ei7DIX III •··-·--~ ---- -FOOT-Al'JD-1..::0U'rH D•SEASE SI'IU.A'TIO~J I1T __2 _ ~ .AND I?J 1.l1=1E NEAR EAST

The foot-and-r.10uth disease si i:;udion in 'l'urkey has been dealt vri th under the heading "Position of SN1"1 virus c1,:,-1d Activities of the Commission in this Connectionn, Table 3 shoW'S the outbreaks recor6.ecl i:1 Cyprus and in the Near East i'or' 1963.

Cyurus had two outbreaks in Janua17 ~nd seve1~a1 _outbreaks in March and April 1963.

The virus involved v,as type O. The 1isappearance of the disease from the island during the dry season end its retw:-n at the beginning of winter was a commonly noted occurrence.

'11he outbreaks generally occurred in proximity of the capital~ l.ficosia~ where trade and animal movements are mo1'e intense.

Ho further' oµt·b:ren,k has been rec'o.rded s-iifoo, April-.

Hear East.

Because of the vrnll-known gaJ:;is in the efficiency oi' the reporting system in most parts of the Nenr East, the statistics give onl;y a relatively indicative picture of the po~:i ti on of foot-a.ncl-mouth disease in this region.

However~ the following :facts are worthwhile pontioning~( 1)

Tho disease has a sLati::mary character in the regiong preva:ient viruses ar8 t;:,rpes 0, SAT1 and A.

(2)

Virus t;:n,e A apparentl;,' sprend from Irm: (the only cour.try infected b;y this t;:,,pe in 1962) to Iraq,- via.ere its presenco was reported in Hay, in the Ifosul recior. (information from Pirbrii;ht), i.e. tl:e sar.10 rcL;ion w:lich. was cross ea. by the SAT1 :'.nfection on its way to 'I'u:d:ey.

(3)

Asia I virus has reappeared, h.::t cnJ.y _ in a single outbreak 1 in L:irael.

As it is known t:,.st this t:r_pe is present in Pakistan, it is certainly surp~ising that it has not yot boen discovered in n.n3r :part of tho between Israel and Pakistan Pakistan,

(4)

Israel has been affected cy nur:i.erous 01.1.-cbreaks of type O footand-mouth di Bea.so and. vaccination wi ·ch modified live virus vaccine~ whicb in t~e past was ~ighly efficient in preventing the spread of tho disease, has not given the same favourable results during 1963.

An improvement in disease reportinc and control in tho Near East region would rosul t not only. in improved condi-~ions for animal husband:ry and trade in -the countries of the rogion, but could save Turkey, and through Turkey all of Europe, the experience of invasion by exotic viruses (as was tho case with SAT1 )· and of variants new to Europe of the cl&sl:lical virus types

o, A and C.

-

46

Table 3 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in CiJprus, Israel and the Noar East Statistical Data for the Year 1963

1963

Cyprus

Israel

l///! ! l

Jan

2

.!

Feb

4 17

Mar

4

41

Apr

5

45

May

1

37

Syria

Iraq

Iran

Jordan !Lebanon!

l !

l

i/;/:

35

15

1i

i;;/i tj!,? ! / !

33

5

6

24

5

5

30

13

7

, ; ; 't

!///! !jj(! ! / ! !///!

63

188*

20

8

126

3 ➔,·

7

10

!///! 143

18

6

26

June

10

July

1

.Aug

1

:?;j;

•

50

2

3

12

Sept

1

ijjj:

16

3

2

14

Oct

1

1

3

Nov

1

Dec

1

!./

ijjji • I

ij/ji !///! ijjj;

!///l

6 2

305*

4

71*

!'

3 ,.

!

Cases

Note:

outbreaks o:i' foot-and-mouth d.isoaso w-ore recorded also in Adon (not typed) and Kuwait (typo o).

47

In fact the occasional negative results observed when using European vaccines in the Near East, or using vaccines prepared in the ~ear East with strains of European origin, or following shipment of vaccinated European cattle to the East, would indicate that there are considarable differences between the eastern ar.d the European str2,ins.

The need for an epizootiological survey to oe carried out in the countries situated south and south-east of Turkey has often been stressed by the Turkish authorities and. action to this effect was also suggested by the Commission at its Tenth Session.

FAO has· already 0onsidered for quite some time the importance of this problem.

The assistance gi vor:. to the Government of Tran in the organization of a regional centre for ·cho typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus clearly demonstrates the importance siven to this problem by FAO. Recently it lrns been decided to osta:ilish 2, post for an epizootiologist who will work in t:--ie r.e[;ion and who vrlll bo attached to the Near East Animal }foal th Institute.

His first task ·.'rill be to holp assisted countries to sot up a satisfactory system of ropo::.~tinc; and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks.

Close collaborr.ti'.::n botv;oon tho field expert 9 the local laboratories and Pirbright laboratory is envisaged as a result of this measure.

REPORT OF '.PHE z;cJJCliTIVE COI]UITTEE

The activities of the Co:7l!uission sinoo the l'en-;;h Session hold in April

1963 have been concorned m2.inl;y rri th the a~:sisto.nce to the countries en.::;aged in tl:e campaLsn against SAT1 virus.

Accordin5 to tho recommendations po.ssod at tho above Session, close contact has been maintnined v-ri t:,,_ FAO, in :92..rtic1J.lo.r ,;ii th tho Chief of tho Animal Heal th Branch, and also ,,-,i t;1 t~10 voterina:r;:,r authorj_ ti Gs ir. the countries Hhoro S.ATi was present.

In addition to tho organizn~ion of the sprinc and ~utumn vaccination campaigns in Greece, Bulgaric.i, 'rurkoy m:d C;r_prus, tho p:cocure;-11ont of equipment ancl trans1,ortation for Turl:o;:ir .:md Greoco req_uirod considerable time and involved many cont~cts nnd exchange of views with the competent offices in PAO and tho su:ppliors.

Tho osson-:;L,.l i toms of the activities carriod out in the SAT1 csrr.paign, of which the toci1nical details were doalt uith in a separate peper, wore:

A. Administrc.tion oi.' the Campaign:: A:to;::- tto re::1th Session, additional countries mac.o their contri 1mtion to the ~3.AT1 campr:.ign in line with the Di:roctor-Gonernl I s appeal o:f .July -1962.

Sweeten

( ''" t'..L May 1963)

Denmark

(24 Jtc-10 1963)

Korrmy

(11 Sop~~. or: bor 1963)

us:;50, 2·12 11

-i15,600 7ii280

In May 1963, the Euro:;:ioan Economic Oomri:uni ty indicated its ,7illingness to tak:o part in ":,he SNI'1 cc.rn:,,r;i gn ::mc1 cJ.opozi ted th ii'J.O in tr10 sopo..ra te allocations in Juno and in Soptomber_tho ~nmu1t of USS1,508,762.

In accordance ni th the sp:Jcific dosiro of '.ho EEC, thi :3 1~und is being administrated separately and for this pu: poso, the advice of an ".:::cl hoc" Consul ta-;;i vo Comr:Ji ttoe w·es souc;ht.

An agreemen-~ •;ro.s :-onchod bot1-:oon EEC and. FAO tl1.0.t tho Consulta-civo Conni-~too s}:ould nl.so include e reprosentativo of OIE and a roprosai1t~tivo for all tho ot~er contributing Euror•oan countries not rncrncors of EEC.

-,,i

0

Tho FAO/t:EC Consul tdi vn Co:::ni ttoo oet for tho first timo in Romo, Itc.ly, on 22 July 1 963 and reached full 2croouor:.t on rmys cu-cc: r:ionns of utilizing_ tho above funds. /f11c Uinutos of this moGtinc; 2.re f1ttache:& o.c AP},ondi1: IIct to the Report on the Tosi tion of SAT1 Virus :1::1d 2NPf cc·:mp;f[~"l'l• · A socond rnoetinc of this Comm::. ttoe took plnce in Ankarn on 27-29 Jamwry 'Pho r-ur:poso o:f this mooting vras to oxamino tho ndministrcition of 'rrust Fund 111 during 1963, tc i'onml::,-;:,o :)lans for fnturo action ·.-::.th the romaininJ money and to discuss vays 2nd means to ensure tho continuation of assisto.nco in tho SAT1 campaign aftc-e Jun-2 1964, wr1en tho funds so far made available ~ill h~ve boon exhausted.

1964.

11825

- 49 Full discussions wor0 hold wi t:C t~10 Turkish nuthori tics and tho Commi ttoo was l)rivilogod to hnvo t~:c ·oonofi t of an oxchango of views ,vi th tho M:inistor cf A2,:ricn:.-t.uru uho o:-:prosaod his l:oon concern in tho vrork and his ·,;,isn to ensuro th:~t every possil;lt) effort is made to achieve tho succoBs of tho co,m 1_)aign age.List foo·c-and-mouth diso,:.so in 1'urkcy. jJhc report of this :ncotin 0 is e,tt.~ch?d 0-s. Ap1;0L,dix. 110 to tho roport on tho Position of SAT~ Viruc ard GAT1 O:1ir.p2.i,gn)_/ As to the ,;;tilization oi' t:10 c,n:t:c·~."i.,utions rocoived for tho SAT'1 campaign from diffoTont ;3:,ureos 7 it rr:ust be kept iL mind that, wholi purchasing equipment, tho cornpoti ti vo prioo8 on the mnrkot h-:wo to be taken into account and this requires f·.1rt]:or work in collnlJJrntion vrith tho Purcho.s.ing and Control Soction of FAO. Finally, tho :::-oc1.u:i::::-o,Jont:J of the a.ssistod countries must not only bo evaluated, but oxpcmdi ~uro h.:.iu to be k,3pt within the l:'..mi ts of tho funds avaii2.b::.e for us.ch countTy, in lL10 :ri th the breakdovv.r. suggested by tho ?AO/EEC Consul tativc Cornrai ttoo Hooting' of 22 July.

1

B.

Visits to countries and Vcterina~~~:{ In;.:;ti tutos

All the t::o.vol ca.rriod out by t;10 Sec1'e t.n~io, t sinoo the Tcmth Session has been ir. direct or incli:rect :~012.tion ·:rith tLo SATi campaign.

Visit to th, =sti t,,ito Zo';''")r-,fil::,ttico Sporimen"0::::.le at Brescia

of

At the l)oc;inni:'::::; August, the Soci·otsry visited this Insti-~ute for the second time in i 96}..

Th.o puncoso of those visits was to arrange for training facili.tios i.n tho i'iold of foot-o.nd-mouth disease for 'I"urkish and Greek experts, to siiudy tb.o l'.larticuL ,rs cf sor:10 i tom of equipment. needed in Groeco? T1n·lrnzr and. Isra,ol~ to obte,in :i.n:I'ormation on iihe latest dovolopmonts of tho production of vaccine by the tissue culture method, and to becomo acqucintod. vri.ti the: latest tests :::.nd rosonrch on tho immunization of pigs.

0

2.

Visit to J3ulgnr::.n. Gr.Joco 2 'fo.rko:r ::u-::d Israel 2_ Octo"i:icr 1963

(25 Septembor

Tho !Ju:r}poso c<' tto visit -:m,;; to dj_scuss, in oac:h ·country:;;ilans for the revnccination of t,.:-.o l::,u:ffor 2,1'oas to bo carriod out in the autumn; supplies of va.cc::.i:e from Israel; ox:)ansion o:f cha Insti tutos in Athans, .Anl;:ara and Tel Aviv; t}:c position of :~'cot-and-mouth di:Jeaso in tho countries? and, especially in T:,irkoy, ·plo.ns and nov,r f'aci::..i ties for the improvement of sanitary control of the disease.

In Bulgaria ,the Socrote.r,y took note of ths offorts made by the Government to proviclo th,J Voto:2inar;y Sorvicos with o.11 tho necessary means and persom1el in ti.10 border J.id:ricts.

A lr.,jorator~f for tho production of foot-and-mouth d:'.. □ oaso vaccine ~as recently been set up in Sofia and, despite the scarcity of oquipmont tmd proraises, a1)out 10,000 litres of vaccine vrnre produced in tbJ first yoar.

Kidney tissuo calls in Roux flasks sro used in virus production·, o.ncl both ·ci t:ce an:1 anti;:;onici ty of the cultivated virus are satisfactory.

Togo th or ,·;i '.;~1 1,h_; Votori;1c::ry :D_,_recto2° 9 Dr. Popov, and the Vi co-Chairman of tho Co□miosion, ?rof, A. },.domoJ.lo, who .ns in Bulgaria at the snmo time on officinl businos:ci 9 tho Secrotcuy m:::do ,:,, trip to Bulgarion Thrace and

50

discussed the moasuros ndopted to prevent spread of the disease across the Turkish and Greek borders into 3ulgaria.

It vrc,s fuUy roc1lised hoi:r detrimontn:i. V·10 r;cnet:c2tio11 of cm exotic _foot••,':·1i'.-:·,nJ:L;o,~.:::c; virus into :this r,J,:::ion ,,10uld be to tho }3ulge.:rian o.:Oon'.)my ·,7hcr-c :uiii:;r•.l broodin.g and tr3de in livostuck~e quito intonso.

1 ·~:.

In Grecco, the Secr2t:u•;y Y.•o.s inforr.1oc: 0£' the ci'forts r.1c1do by tho Government for t}10 control of O virus ,:1hj_ch ·.:r;,~: Gn:·:ctic .in tho no:-cthorn region of tto country.

In pnrticul::tr 9 he diE,cussGd. tho pl:1ns for tho proposed neF ·,:ing at tho i'oot-~md--Ifouth Disoc1so Ins ti tu.to for nhich an allocation of' 1J300 9 000 ::lro.ctmn had c,~1°02d~ 1:,2cn c 1.)t :lined tro~,1 tho Government.

The list of equipment subn::;. ttod c~r the G::-col:. Votorinary o.uthori ties to FAO for considorcltion was agcdn rovio\1od.

Tho Socrotary mis aloo rocei ved by tho :.Iinistor of Agriculture 5 :Dr. 13Grna::-is 5 who showed much interest in tho SAT1 car.1paign ::.nd promised to td:o all possible stops for an early start of tho Yrork for the expansion of t:1:::: Ins ti -:;ute.

0

In Turkoy 2 tho Socrotary mot Dr. Enver Erlat 9 Under-Secretary of State of tho Ministry of Agricul turo, and had several discussions vii th him and Dr. D. Bester, i;,i th Dr. Oszoy, Director of tho Veterinary Institute at Etlik, and h:'.. s collo.1:10::::'c. tors Dr. 0:·al J Dr. SUtcU ad Dr. Bayramo~lu, and with the engineers enGagod in tho construction of tho now Institute.

Dr. A.VI. Stableforth and tho Csnadicm OXi)Ort, Dr, D.M.L. McGee participated in tho discussions and 2ccompaniod tte Secretary on a visit to the si to of tho new :.:oot-o.nd-mouth disease insti tuto, vfr1ich is already in nn advanced stage of construction.

This is n rer,wrkablo unit vvhich, in addition to tho central building for tho }reduction of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, comprises administrative officos 1 stables for assembling nnimals intended for control tosts 9 isolntion uni ts 9 a sr.10,ll slaughterhouse and quarters for t}~o lXJTsonno1.

It is oxpoctod that abmlt 20 votorinari~ns ~ill bo employed in the nev; insti tuto.

During this visit scvorc1l alterations to tto plan of tho building

were proposed in ora.er to ensure bettor isolatior:. bot,7oon sections ar.d greater avnilnbili ty of li::.bor.c1torios for rosoo.rch o,nc1 sorolcgicc:-,1 work.

In Cyprus, tho Socroto.r;y cliscussocl rri th Dr. Orn.an end Dr. Potris·9 Director o.nd :Dopv.ty Director of the Vetorim,ry Services tho possibility of cnrryinc out systematic vncci:n.o.tion of the ,,rhole island before the ond of 1963.

It nas Jlointoc.: out ·chat Ett least the cattle (about 35,000 head) should bo vaccinated agdnst S.AT1 5 as the disease could cr:.tor the island at tmy timo bocnuse of tho lloo.v;y traffic vvi th all countries in tho N0ar East.

Cyprus is not only j_ tsolf vulnerable 1 but it i::.; ::else ::1 menace to tho Greek Islands.

It was agro od that 30-40, 000 o:l.' ~ho i 00 9 000 do sos of SAT1 vaccine, ordered in Israel by PAO in July 1963 should bo nlloc.:atod as 2r-:-,n as possible, in ardor to onm1:rc v2.ccination of the c:1t-~lo.

A ;;ouon(~ v~:ccini;;1;1 0n ·

51 on a 12,rce sca,le cculd ho :.:tndort::dcon in tho spring with the romo.indor of tho vaccir_o ::irclo:;..•od :or C~rprus.

Actually 9 38,000 do sos of ·rnccino noro employed in C;n~rus during Ilecembor. .A fu:di1.cr visit 'vlc1G mcdo toc;otho:r 7ri th Dr. :2Jichhorn in JL,,nu2,1•y 1964, when it bocc•.~,10 oviclont t!lat tho uoli tical situo,:io:n in CyprEc :;,:-:.do fuTtl:or offorts c::t vaccination impossible in tho me2.ntimo. ~n Isro.ol, t!:o Socrot~ry discuasod with· Dr. Jnhoda, Assistant DirectorGor::orcl, Hini;:;tr;: oi' ~~gricuJ.turc ,rnd ·::ith :Jr. Go,n\ :Ui:coctor oi' Votorirn:n°y Sorvicss, trio ,:,,ns f :ir the ox:ixrnsion of tho i-:'0Jt-;:-,nd-liout~1 Disoc.1so Institute ::l.ll'' ·:,·! av,~ ·1·, u·, -~-·.-, ·,·1·· u ""- l \1 ,.,u-l- .l ·'·vc,~) ~ '" ·t ·, ·i .,, ., ·: .,.,, ·t). -v·r- cc1' 1/';" or:1 of ..,u, 11 ru.m1' n~nt ,.__ th,o_, ::-'CJ.- '.c•" u· -.L, t-~ '--Y"--~-" c, s in tho country.

A long trip ~as ffiado ~i~~ Dr. Goar along tho frontier areas of tho country ~n ordor to domo::lstrato ~ba nocossity for Israel to hnvo the nnima:.· population _porrr.c.nontly 3irotectod t,~;-ainst viruses o, SA'.i:1 and possioly Asia i.

1

1

0

C>

·A

-hi'

,_~\.,

At the timo of th0 visit, innocuity 2n6 potency tests woro in course of being ce,rriod out on bstchos oi' SA'l'1 v::-;.cci::1.c ~Jroducecl in Israel on kj_dnoy coll nonole1yors E,nd in-cconded ::'ois Cyprus.

Tho tests ·Noro c1:.rriod ou-'c in a section c,f t:,c 'JUE.r,c;ntinc st::itior, ::-,t Haifa; al::. tho animals had beon removed from tho station. ~o isolction units are so far available at or n0ar tho Tol-Aviv Institute.

A i'urthor visit '-'mf_; m0,do to~;o-t:,_o:r '.-ri·th. Dr. E:L0:1hO:i'D in ~Tc?.nuary 196/L to Israel.

Tho l:l::ms 1·ocnisding t?10 production of ::.no,ctivntod vaccine against tho typos of virus o, AGL\ 1? S.A;.I11, 1;oto~1ti.::J.:lx oxi'.;tinc;' in Iora_gl and in tho 1:-oic,;hbourhoocl . -v1oise dj_scussod with Drs. G'..Jor end Kalmar.

Noto tnko1, of the i2,vourablo rosul ts obto.in0d. l,y Dr. Goldsmit in pisolim.imn·y vc,c cin2 ti on exporiments wi tt modifi od SAT1 virus on .embryona ting egg.

3.

Visit to Ircm.

A visit to Iran ;1as undor"cnkon in conjunction vrith the mooting of tho ?.AO/EEC Consul t,"i.tive Ccr:.Di-ctoo, hold. r,t Ankara in J;::mu2,,ry 1964.

T·ogotto1' ni th · Dr. 1i?illor:1s 3 the Socrot,::.rz· visi tod the Prench Unit, si tuatod in a part of tl._o Foot-m1d-tiouth Di.s00.so Irwti tuto s.t Hossarok.

Tho technique of the 1-::rops,rc,tion of S.AT1 vcccir.o :md tho :i:'olo.t:'.vo protocols Ymro discussed ,,-,i th Dr. G:i_::;_bort, Dirocto:- of tho Fron.ch t:r.i t, o.ntl tho problems connected Yri th tho recogn::tion by PAO ::ii tho Hec,snro:•: Insti tuto as Regional Centro for tho t;ypil'<" d' foot-c:.ml-,:1,outh disease virus v1i th ::Jr. Rafyi and Dr. 'I'raub.

Tho Iro.ni;:m tonr:1 l'Jportod on the f.:wo1.u:--:lJlt, rosu:,. ts ootaincd in tho cultivation of' foot-ancl-mo ..1.th c~iscaso virus on coJ.l lines.

1

C.

Hootings of tho Europom1 Commissior.. for tho Control of Foot-c1nd-I.fo -.1th Di sonso 1

(1)

llootin~ of the Rosoo.rch Group of t~e Standing Technical Committoo 9 London 11-13 June 1963

In June the Socrot-ary o.nct tho Cunsultant of tho Commission nttonci.od the Sixth Meo ting .Ji' th0 Hesosrc;1 Grc~11> of tho St2.,nding Technical Cammi ttee which -vras hold c:,t tho Anim<1l Vj_ruo Rosocrcli I1:rnti tuto; Pirbrighh Uni tod Kingdom.

52 The main points for discussion at tho mooting Yrere (i) live modified foot-and-moutr. c.liseaso voccines 9 testin~; -~·::i:-c Lmocui ty und. 1°otoi.1Cy y and (ii) vaccination of pigs against foot-2nd--i"::outL disease.

Several e;uosts wore invited rrho gnvo impo:::tant co:1tri'butions to the items on the aconda for discussion.

It was generally agreed that tho no~t meeting should bo hold some time during Juno 1964 c,t tho Votorino.r;i· Re300.rch Ins ti tuto, Amsterdam.

A summary of thG p1·oceodings of tho mooting at Pil'bright is in Ap1)0ndix IV n.

(2)

gi von

Moo_t):_n(;, of tho E:x:ecutivo 09r:1111ittoeo LiGbon 2 23 October 1963

The Second CoLference of the OIE Permanent Commission for Europo 9 held in Lisbon from 22-25 October 1963 9 aff'6rdod c,n opportunity to convenG the Ex:ecuti ve Oo,:~mi ttoo thoro, as all momo0rs of tho Cor:imi tto0 were expected to attend this Oonforonce. ' ·rho moo tine took ~olace on 23 October, I)u:::,ing part of tho mooting, D:;.:-. R. W:j.ll··,ms 9 men,be:r of the Co:11ri1ission' s Strmding Technical Corm:ii ttoo and Dr·. 1!ia,nso RibcL:o, reprosentativo for the host country, also participated.

The Secretary oi' the Commission proso:.1.tod a r01,ort in which ho highlighted tho :9osi tion of foot-ancl-moutl: <1isoc.sc in Europe 9 Tu:rkey, nncl several countries in tho Near East and described tho activities of the Secretariat vli th rosc:crd to tho S.AT1 cnrnpaic;:1.

Tho Committee approved tho Socrot2T;/ 1 ::; report and o.xp1~essod its satisfaction at tho vmy :Ln which tho Socr0ta1·int ho.d collaboro.ted wi tt tho Chief of the FAO A."rJ.im2,l Heal th Branch in tho development of tho S.AT1 campaign.

In the discussion of tho report of tic Research Group of tho Standing Technical Com.mi ttoo, it ,-:0.s recoDmendod tl::::t, nt tho Eleventh Sossion of the Commission, tho vacancies crontod by the J'otirinee; mor.ibors she:uld bo filled.

1

Tho Co:nmittoo o:xpressod its satisfe.ction that tho administrative expondi turos o:f the CommiGsion for 1963 hc,d boon kopt to a minimum.

It t:ns 11lso gono:rally agrood that the :,co~Josocl establishment b;y FAO of an Emergency Func1 ·1ms c,n excellent idoa.

Tho Commission has recor"monded tho ostablishrnon-'c of such a fund for quite somo time.

Tho main advantage of tho nevr ple,n 5 2,s outlined by FAO So'"'rota:ria t, soomod to bo tho moans by which it could bo financed.

D.

Meetings of the FAO/EEC Consul tativo Cor::mi tteo

The Socrok:.ry of tho Cormnission attondod tho mootings of t~10 above Cammi ttoo, hold in Rot.10 on 22 July 1963 ancl in A...YJ.kara, Turkey, on 27-29 January 1964.

Tho Sccrot:::sry attended tho XXIII. A1:.11ual Session of tho International Office of Epizootics ( OIEL hold in Paris on 13-18 ifoy 1963, the Wo:rld Veterinary Congross hold in Hnnnovor on 14-22 August ~nd the Second Session

53 of tho OIE Pcroanont Ccmmission for Eurcpo ~eld in Lisbon on 22-25 October Viherc ma-';:;ters rolatod to foot-and-mout.h clisoaso wore discussed.

At tho meeting in Lisbon, the Socrot2r;'l vms roq_uosted to give an account

of tb.e action taken for the control of tho SAT1 virus 1 nith psrticular roference to t11.e use of the c,rntri but ion ~nado availnble to FAO b;y EEC to the represontativos of the lo.ttor organizatio1: who attended tho OIE meeting.

Tho Chairman of t::10 Commission "ook part in this informal r.:leeting 2.t ··ahich the Secretary reported extensively on tho Camp,::lign.

F.

Emcrp;enSY:_ Fund_f or the Control of Li vosto ck Di seasos

Tho advantages of FAO having at its disposo.l an Emergency Fund \71:ict would allow tir:1ely action to deal with rm 01)izootic, such aa foot-o.nd-mouth disenso, vms s·~rossod on tho occasion ol the 'l'cnth Session of the C01,1!'nission o.nd a recommendation was _passed to this of!'oct.

Tho idea was further d.ovol :::ipocl oy ?AO :md ·the Director-Gono1°al roquosted tho 40th Session of Vie PAO Council (Juno 1963) to cor.sider tho desirability of es to.·01::..s~1.ing nn Eni.ergoncy Fund wi th,Jut placing an undue :financial burden on PAO momber countries.

The only way ,;1hich appeared to bo fonniblo without :1:1,ving to rc:i_uest additional contributions, consisted in J)roposing to ug, part of the Ilisocllaneous Income of tho Organizntion. :S.cvenues from interest on investments and bank d0posits constituto the mo.in item of such Miscellaneous Income.

Any excess over tho estimates not used have rsv:n,ted. h:,ck to tho Governments evory year since 1949• At tho 'Twelfth Session of tho FAO Coni'oronce ( 16 lfovomber-5 D0cor,1bei~) 9 the establishment of' the Fund ',ms discussed nnd more than 20 delegations ex:prossed full approval o:i:' the :proj::,ose.l rrhon it was first discus sod oy tho FAO Technical Committee on Agriculture. ]ifficul ties arose 9 howovoi· 9 whcm it o.ppoc:"Lred that tho sueges-cion previously mado for the establislunont of t1:e Fune. :froit H:iscellaneous Income could not be c1u'riod out 8t prcsent 9 since o. number of morr.bcr countries ho.d to ma\:o [';ood subnt,::mtL,l cir:ro;1,rs of })D,;yn:cnts of t:-::.;)i:C' cont:;.'i butions to FAO.

Nevertheless, the volume of support was such that consideration should be given to 0,l tornative menns of providin,3· the nocossnry financ;;:;s fo1' the csta1::lishmcnt o:L' the fund in tho future, ·The XIIth FAO Conforonce roportcd on the mntter and the rolovnnt paragra:phs of the Provisional Report of thL:; Conference nnd. -the Itesolu-tion arc shovm in Appendix IV b.

G.

Measures ar;a.inst the Spres.ding of .Animnl Disease

A resolution of the XIIth 1<7.b.O Conference on this su·bject is sho,m in Append.ix IV c.

H.

Constitution of tho European Cor.imission for tho Control of Foot-D.nd-

Mouth Disease Re:ference was mado to this mattor in the FAO Conference as follows:

- 54 "The Conferonco noted that tho European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-1v1outh Disease had amended, at its Ninth Session (Romo, 27-29 March 1962), tho provisions of its Constitution to bring them into lino•w:i..th tho principles adopted by tho Ninth Session of tho Conference.

The Conference viishos to express its appreciation for the action taken by tho Commission"o I. Future activities of· tho Commission in Europe will be nlong nuch the same lines as in tho past.

Close contact vrill be maintained ,;ii th OIE in all matters concerning foot-and-mouth disease~ &:1c'. with E:CC and tl1.oir vot~:r:ir:ary consul t~nts, particularly vli th reg:.ud to the concortoc.. effort d:i..roctod towards further preventing the invasion of the S.AT1 virus into Europe.

Members of tho Secretariat will continue tc- attend international meetings such as the XX.XII.General Session of the OIE and the Conference of the OIE Permanent Commission for Foot-nnd-I1/iouth :Di sec.so and will, where possible, also attend other international mootings of direct interest to tho Commission.

The Secretary uill visit votorinnry institutes in Italy and possibly in other European countries and collect information on tho progress of vaccine production, i.mmunogonici ty of nov, vaccines and research work on foot-and-mouth disease.

Prevention of t~10 introduction of exotic strains of foot-nY1cl-mouth disease virus into Europe will continue to havo tho attention of -che Commission and, in pnrticulo.r, everything possible will bo done to assist the countries directly threatened. by SA'I'i, such as Grooco, Bulgaria and Cyprus.

Close contact '.vill bo maink,inod Yd. th t~1.e Turkish <1uthori ties and the Secretary vrill visit tno country, ·when advisnblc 1 in order to ensure that the means and technical assistcnce for tl:o proper development of tho programs outlined and imple:nentation of tho rocommenda.tions adopted at the Tenth Session of tho Commission nro being carried out.

The Sooretc.ry ·will continue to collaborate in arrancin(s' sur,plios of equipment to the developing laboratories in tho assisted countries.

When necessary, visits will bo ::nade to countries to assist in the expansion of the vaccine-producing fccilitios, to nssess needs for additional equipment and to ensure tho 'oost use of oquip:nont and transportation supplied from tho funds of tho campaign.

While in eastern Europe; tho Secretary mc:y visit other countries in the Near East in order to socuro closor participation of the Commission in activities ~imod at improving coordinated inves~igation' of the epizobtiological situation and controL of foot-~nd-mouth disease.

55 _A;,,:Y._op_uJ;:_ J:.V..:-1 SUE.!.lli::..,.ry of ReDert of M.?e~_ing

01: _the

Researcl: Group o_::: the Stcmdinp; Technical Cou;~i ttee held at

the Research Institute (Animal Virus Diseases L Pirbri/~ht 9 Ur.ited Xingclom 2 on 11-13 June 1963

1.

A meeting of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Cornrni ttee of the European Commission for t:,10 Control of I:'oot,-and-lfouth Disease was held at the Researc::i Insti tnte (.Anii!:al Virlw Diseases) i }lirb:cight, Great Britain, on 11-13 June 19G3, The members of the Grour, ·,rho attended were ])r. I.A. Gallmrvay (U.K.), Dr. E. F'ogedby (Denmark) and Prof. E. Ubertini (Italy).

There v,ere also present Dr. G. Moosbrugger (SeCl'etary-General 9 OIE Perri1;:.1,nent Coumission on F·oot-and-Ifouth :Disease); Dr. L. Nardelli (Italy) i :Jr. A. Paraf and Dr. J. Asso (Frc.noe)) Dr. G. lCubin (Aw:o-tric,) 9 J)r. J.G. van J3e'.'.l<:urn (Netherlands)9 Dr. R. I'isch (U.S •.s.), Dr. J.,L Brool:sby and several other membeni of the Pirbri,:;ht Institute.

Dr. G.I.L Boldrini :J.nd. Si:1.· 'l'homas Dallinc, Secrotary o.ncl Consultant? resi;,ecti v0ly, of tho Dluorlean Corrn:1ission for the Control of J?oot-andLfouth Disenso o.lso a·:;tonCted.

2.

Visits were made to the vm·ious ,,ections o:f the Institute, where explanations, deffionstrations o.nd descriptions were given of the methods of vaccine produc~ion, tests for innocuity and potency of both inactivated and live virus-vaccines 2.nd their paokinc and do::,patch.

A visit was made also to the Well come Laboratory atto.ohod to -~l18 Pirbri 6 ht Institute.

An account of the recent w·ork on ':l10 irn,mnization, :U.lustrat0d by maps and char~:s in South-West Ai'rica, ca:criod out by Lho Pirbri.:;ht Institute 1 was also ;_;iven.

3.

The main points for discussion at tl:o ~.10:,t:Lns were (a) li vo modified foot-o.nd-mou.th disoase vaccines: testing fo:1.~ i1:nocui ty- and potencyj and (b) vaccination of pigs against foot-o.nd-rnouth disoaso.

4.

Dive modified foot-,md-mouth clisoaso virus vaccines.

A paper entitled "Control of livo foot-and-mouth disoa:::ie virus-vacoinesg im...; portance of stalJili·ty of tho :Jtn1ins 11 ~ by A. P::iraf, J. Asso 9 L. Dhennin and L. Dl:ennin was circulated anc1 was prosentod by Dr. P&raf.

Tho discussion centred around a sorios of :9roblomc-, vvhich Ymro put to tho mooting nnd which nre containoJ. in tho conclusions of t:10 abovo-montioned paper.

The oxporirnontal work is still in its 01.uly stnc:cs· and tho :following important )robloms require solution as soon as possible.

07054

56 (1 )

If one considors that the essential charact0r of G live virus-vaccine is the fact tlw t the virus multi plies in tho hos-.? hovr can tho multiplication bo co~trolled?

(2)

Vilhioh tests will show tho nbsolute innocui ty of a viral strain? Two points have to be consiclerod - tho virus and the receptivity of the host.

Certain problems seem to bo of spacial interesti-

(3)

(4)

(a)

Can strains of thG virus interfere between each other?

(b)

Does the innocuity depend on tho dose inoculated and on the character of viraemia?

(c)

Is thoro an order of sensitivity of tho animal species vaccinated, independent of tho strain used?

( d)

Hhat role (foes tho s.co of the host play?

Vihich are t~10 nost ::rnnsi tivo tests for dotoction of' tho spread of contagiousness of th0 virus-vaccine?

Hora there arc two problems:-

(a)

Which A})ocie.J of nnimal is tho most sensi tivo to natural infection by contact, for oach strain?

(b)

Do calves 9 receiving tho virus through the milk, ho.ve the same son.si tivi ty ns YThon tho virus is ,sivon intramuscularly?

Tests for officac~ do not prosont major problems because thoy are identical 1v-i "ch c;hoso used for inactivated vaccines,

Th0 methods fol' testin[; live, modified virus-vaccines for innocuity and potency, for use in cattlo, as carried out at t::10 Pirb1~ight Institute Tho intradormolingual 1~outo of inwere described by Mr. G.H. Howat. to bo the most sensitive for tho oculation in cattle has been found detection of pathogenic virus.

Tho level of attonuation o:i:' a virus for cattle may be assessed by com,aring the result of a titration of tho strain by this mothocl with that obtained in unvroaned E1ice.

It has been found that cattle are less li::ol:- to show reactions from intramuscular inoculation of a strain v;hich has not roached complete innocuous110ss.

Because all cattle are not equally sensitive to modifiocl strains 9 a sufficient nwnber of animals must be usec-;. in the tests.

Immunogonici ty of a modified strain may be assessed by challenge of vaccinated cattle or by estimating specific antibodies in their sera or by both methods.

Factors which may influenco irm:1s.mo,:;onici ty aro tho invasiveness of the straih 9 which may be different in tho modified tb:m in tho field strain; tissue tropism, s1101711 by tho povrer of some modified strains to immunise only after intramuscular inoculation; tho dogroo of challonge (sovoro ohallongo is rocommondod).

Challonso should be made Yii th existing field strains. It was also pointed out that zebu cattle aro less sensitive than grade o:r European cattle to unmodified virus and that, for them 9 it may be necessary to use modified strains at a lo1,1or lovol of attenuation.

}.'.:r, W.:C. GBoring ge;vc cm 7.Cco1.,:nt of' tho uork at tho Pirbright· Institute on innocui ty and potency tosts of L1ocli:fiod virus-vo.ccinos in sheep.

It vms found that thoro is considorallo vsriation in tho suscopti~ility of sheep to strains which arc viru::.c~t Zu:c cc:.·3tlo anC: tl:at q.reG.s of tho shGop's tongue var;/ in sonsi tivi ty, tho r;,ost sonsi ti vo :r:ic1rt being tho dorsal prominence, T~10 work up to ti-:.s 1n•ozont time has concornod :mostly tests for innocui ty of modified virus-vaccines -,Jy 1,ne intradermal tongue tochniq_uo and anti bod;;,r rosponso.

Tho anti boci.3r rosron.so/3 in shoo).'.l to tho moc1ified strains which have boon tested hs.vo be 01: i'n.vonrablo i but tho reg_uirod lovol to protect against challongo hos ctill to be ascortainod.

Future investigations will include tho excretion of virus from vac:cinatoa. shoop and tho saf-ety bf modified vaccines for young lambs and for ovros in ndvunoec1 pregnancy.

Mr. R. B\.1.rrovm doscribocl tl:o i;rork at tho Pirbright Ins ti tuto on tho tests of hmocui ty ar.. <1 potonc;;r o:£.' modified virus-vG.ccinos in swine. Attempts to transmit modifj_od viruo from c~~tt:i.o to pigs b;y d.iroct contact and with saliva of vaccinated. cnttlo vroro unsuccossful.

Thero vras, howover, occasional tn,1rnmi ssion of tho r.riodifiod virus from pig to :i_:iig by contact and. serial :passage of the virus in pJ.gR increased its virulence for pigs. High conco:0trn-;-;-i ori ,yP t. 1~"' ,,~ ~,,_r•. ui-• to t!10 5tt ::::,,:ssngo in pigs was innocuous fo-:: cattle when inoculated intraclormally in tho tongue.

Experiments showed tho absence of virus in tho tissues· of pigs 1 slaughtered at 14-25 ddys.after vaccinE:tion with rr:odi:fiod virLrn. Tho oulb oi' the hool vras found to be a convenient and hi 6 l:ly sonsi tivo ,Ji to for co.rryinc; out i:--itradormal inoculations of virus in ti trc.tion anc. challenge ,,;ork.

Tho results of somo vaccination oxperimonts vrore discussed 1 in which the in:f1uenco of' the woight of the pigs m:d the appearance of mild foot lesions was demonstrated.; the nnti body response \Jas prosontod in tho :orm of grnphs.

5.

Vaccinntion ol 1)i;.;s agninst foot-anc1-mouth disease

Dr. G. Kubin prosontod and. llii,cussod n paper on "Investigations on tho vaccination of pigs asainst foot-.:md-mouth di.soase 11 • After giving roforoncos in tl:o li.-i;era·cur·~. to the rcl:n;ivol;y J;ioor immunising valuo of nvaila.Dlo commerciul vaccines ·;:hor.. ·.tsod in :pigs, nttontion was dravm to tho viev: that f'orno..lin in vo.ccinos ir.tori'orod -vri th their antigenic I!l3L u_p, in so far aG -l-:hoir ::.1im~unoc·onic value fo::.~ pigs is concornod., E:q_)e1~.,10:,·:,s carried out in Austria ,·ii th r.10nov.slent type: 0 vaccine :propo.rod ',nth vi.r:.:s pr::.ssaged a minimW'.1 nu.mbor of times in pig kidno;;" coll cul turos 1 inacti •rntod with a loy; concentration o:t fo:rmali:r: (0.03-0.05 poroont)a.nd injected in doses of 15-20 ul fully protoctod. pigs against cho.llonco ui th the virulon·::; honologous strc,:.n. ':i:ho vaccinated pigs did not transmit tho virus to in-contact susceptible pigs or cattle, as shorm by sorw:1 neutralization and. challongo -:usts.

M:uch care is necossary in -provjng tho innocuity of' tho virus, boc3,uso of tho lorr fornalin ooncontrat:ion., SorJo pigs wore found to bo refractory to infoo•l;ion -vii th foot-nnd.-r.iouth J.ineasc virus.

Iir. J,G. v2,n Bokkum gave an account of tho vo.ccination o:x:porinonts tho :Netherlands in which some 26, nc,o pigs on ovor 600 farr,1s ,-:oro vaccinatcl?., somo 2L;., ::;::;c :..-:.c".:.. ,.:.. .. 6 ~- s0-...01~J. clo:;c,, th0 v:::.c0ino usod being d.osignod for cattle.

Unfortunatoly,.the· areas in which the- -va.cc.inations vrnre carried out, did not. prove suitable for 2, comparison to be mado of tho rosul ts in vaccinated and unvaccinatod pigs; there uc1s, howovor, n small but iEsic;nificant difference in favour of vaccination.

In chailango oxpori □ onts carried out at the laborator;y by contact in pi 0 s vaccinated in tho field? it wns found that twice-vaccinatoa. pigs were fully inmuno nt 4 vrnoks but not nt tvvo months after tho second vaccination.

No difforoncos uoro found in tho various ago groups.

In some recent oxporimonts, oncouraginc results have been attained with single 6.osos of a vaccine proparocl c;li th i)ig virus passaged in kidney coll cultures and thou cultivated on bovino tongue epithelium.

Sorum-neutralisation tests inclicato that on a group basis, tho antibody level may give some indication of tho inrnuni ty, but tho ,Ji&,nificance of that of individual animals is difficult to interpret. 'i'ho work now- in progress concerns tho development of a vaccine which vrill give adeq_uato protection in a single dose to pigs and the q_uestion of tho transmission and the porsistonce of mat0rnal antibody through the milk to young pigs.

59· EMERGENCY Fmrn FOR TEE CONTROL OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES

"The Conference reviewed the findings of the Technical Committee on Agriculture in regard to the proposals for· the establishment of an Emergency Fund for the Control of Li10.;tc;ck Diseaseo Consideration was given to the deliberations of the Finance Committee and t?i.e Council and to the recooendations of the latter addressed to tho Confereronco.

It was noted that the concept of such a Fund had arisen in previous F.AO Conferences and in a number of technic2.l meetings in the regions.

The Conference 1 approciating that the control of epizootic diseases must logically be based on international co-operation, approved in principle the establishment of an Emergency Fund for the Control of Livestock Disease to be at tho disposal of tho Director-General, who would be advised by a small committee of exports' as to whether and how· funds should be used for any particular emorgoncy.

The Conference viewed vvi th concern tho fact that, since a number of member countries wore in substantial arrears with their contributions to the Organization, it did not appear likely that proposals previously made for tho est:i.blip},,..,.,".'~-t o::' tl:o ::\m.:i from miscellaneous income would be feasible at the present time.

11.'he volume of support for the Fund was such that consideration should bo given b~r the Director-General to alternative moans of providing the nocossary finances in the event of unavoidable failurn to oatablish it by tho methods which had boon proposed by the Secretariat.

If such alternative means could not bo found, it was unlikely that th\J fund would become a reality be{ore the end of the 1964/65 biennium. 11

The Conference adopted the following resolution Resolution 25/63

THE CONFERENCE Recalling that at its 11th Session it hacl commended the Organization for the emergency action tc:.ken ni th rogarcl to certain epizootios and its suggestion that the Organization should further strengthen its ability to assist in this field~ Notinc with concern tho serious threat to tho Livestock industry, especially in developing cou::1tries, presented by the increasing incidence and rapid spread of such diseases as foot-and-mouth disease, African horsesickness, African swino fever and other epizootics; Further Noting that the Member Governments are looking increasingly to the Organization to provide emergency assistance when such diseases occur and that, for suc:i1 aid to bo fully effective it must be given rapidly so that the disease may be brought under control bofore it has an opportunity to become ii-videspread, thus elimim,ting tho need for a long drawn-out and costly-scale u0i,. ~1-ol 0ampa1.gi1 9 Desiring to find mesns to aseist in emergencies as they arise within available financial resources;

,A.ppendix XVb ~ontd.

-

60

Authorizes the Director-General, notwithstanding tho prov1s1.ons of financial regulation 6.1(b) 1 to ,uthholci. the distribution of nny cash surplus at the end of tho 1962/63 biennium, provided any such surplus exceeds $50 1 000~ Authorizes a wi thdrnvml from the Workinc Capital Fund to the extent of such surplus but not to exceed tho amount of tho excess miscellaneous income for i 962/63 for the puril0se of financing tho initial operations of an emergency nature for tho control of livestock diseases as outlined in Documcmt C 63/38 and taking into nccount tho observations of the Technical Committee of Agriculture (C 63/AG/9).

Decides that tho Working Cc,pi tal F·und b0 reimbursed from tho above surplus, Notes that tho Council will instruct tl10 Finance Conimi ttce, in consultation with the Diroctor-Gonoral 9 to develop appropriate procoduros for the utilization of the advance and tte accounting thereof for the approval of the Council; Requests the Diroctor-Gonoral, ir.. tho :wont of such a cash surplus not being available, to give consideration to the possibili~y of establishing an Emergency Fund for tho abovo purposes from outside sources, and requests Member Governments to offor prs.ctical s,.1.ggostions to this effect to the Director-General for consideration by the Finance Committee nnd approval by the Council.

AEpondixIVc.

The Conference adopted tho following resolution: Resolution

7/63

M:E.ASURES .AGAINST THE SPREADING OF ANIMAL DISEASES

THE CONFERENCE Recognizing tho importance to mGmber countries of oxtending their international trado in livestock 2nd livestock products; Noting tho growing expansion of such trade in all world areas; Dra:rring attention to the serious actu:,.l and potential dangers of tho transforonco of' infectious parasitisms and diseases from affected to clean areo.s c,ncl tho consequent serious threat to livestock industries and in somo cases to public health; Indicating the dangers posed oy insect-oorne disenses of both man and animals throug}1 the tro.nsforonce of the vectors ·oy aircraft 9 and hence tho urgency for such Organizations as FAO and WHO jointly to consider improved means of ensuring that aircraft are rendorod free from all insects upon arrival o.t any internation~l airport; AEproving tho proposed Mooting on Bnsic principles for Control of International IJ:'·i,affic in Animals and .Animal Products to bo hold in Bern, S'wi tzorlnnd in 1964; Considering particu2.arly that tho attention of all countries must be dravm to the need for coordinating app~opriato measures for the standardization of basic nstional animal health regulations; Requests tho Director-General of PAO to investigate all means by which countries could be bettor safeguarded against the introduction of animal diseases and to report his findings to the Council and the Conference, and Recommends that member countries nhould closely examine thoix existing import :regulations and, realizing the responsabilities which both exporting and importing countries bear to prevent the transference of diseases across national bounciaries, should consider urgently methods oi' improving on c, sound biological basis their precautions against tho introduction of disease.

62

A:FPElrnrx V

EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CON 'ROL OF FOOT-AN.D-MOUTH ·1)I SEASE

BUDGETS FOR

1964 JuJD 1965

( Note by the Director-General of FAO)

196J. Administrative :Bud§et i. 1.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Commission and with its Financial Regul~tion III 9 I prosont herewith tho proposed Annual Administrative Budget for 19650

2.

The budget estimates have been drawn up in the form established in the Financial Regulations.

3.

At this stage I have no nsupplomentar;y details II with respect to Chapter II but I am presenting the estimates hero in a single total in accordance with Financial Regulation 3,2. No expenditures have so far been made under this Chapter and in the absence of an;y experience to guide me I recommend that an arbitrary sum of $5 9 000 be provided h:ero for 1965; this is the same amount as was allowed in the approved 1964 budget.

4.

It will be no·ted that tho proposed Annual Administrative :Budget for 1965 totals $48,500, i.e. the maximur.1 potential contributions from Member Governments that may be received by the Commission. I realise, of course, that the Commission may not actually receive the full amount of $48,500 (at tho time of preparation of this budget it is. possible to count on only $32,500); in that eventy expenditures would be restricted in -order to keep total expenditu:i:-es within the limits of the funds actually received.

5.

Under Article I "Personal Services'' of Chapter I, the bud.get estimates allow, as in 1964, for one P-4 Secretary to the Commission and one G-4 Stenographer.

Tho slight increase 'in salaries as against 1964 is due to increments and post adjustment increases. The budget estimates for 1965 also allovr, as in 1964 9 for the services of a Consultant. There is no change in the Articles "Travel", "Meetings", "Miscellaneous", or "Contractual Services" as against the revised 1964 budget.

,1965

Special .Budget

6.

In tho Special Budget for tho Special Account, 1965, I recommend that, as in 1963 and 1964, an amount of ~3,000 be provided to cover any necessary travel and per diem of members of the Standing l1echnical Committee.

Revisions to "1964 Administrative Budget

7• The total increase under Chapter I of $i,OOO is partly duo to Professional post adjustment and General Service salary scale increases ($862) and to within grade increments ($138).

-

63

The· net effect of these changes is that, in accordance with Financial Regulation 4. 5, I am reporting a transfer of ~t·1,000 from Chapter III, Contingen-' cies~ to Chapter I, Administrative Expenditure.

8. . I ~ttach a·t Table A the revised Annual Administrative Budget for 1964 1 incorporating the above. transfer, together with my proposed budget estima-

tes for 1965~ at Table Ba Summary showing by Article the provisional expenditure in 1963 9 'the·1964 revised budget and the 1965 ;proposed budget and' at Table C a note giving the SpBcial Budget for the Special Account for 1965.

Assistance given by FAO 9.

Besides the above expenditure there are items which have not been included wh~ch are provided by the Organization. These items not charged to the Commission include part-time services of senior officials of the Organization, the services of t'..~e Budget and Finance uni ts, acoomoda tion, equipment, supplies of stationery, etc, as well as postal and cable charges.

Alli"NUAL A'DMINISTILli.TIV; BUDG:.:.;T FOR 1964 ( fu;VISZD) TABLl A

Sou:rcei .Amount~

(o.)

(b)

Membors of the Commissi0n

kf?.I?.li_ca i_ion o:f Resources

Contributions duo in respect of 1964

Cha-oter I $ 32,500

Possible additional contributions

$16,000

Administrative 3xpendit-rre u.nrio:r: Articles IV and XII.2 of the Constitution

$

19,800

2. Travel

$

3,700

3. Meetings of' the Commission

$

1,500

4. Contr2.ctual Services

,J:,

900

5. Mise_E,llE.m~o_u,s

$

600

1. I'orsonal ServiG_GS

( .)

( i~) ( iii)

Salaries, Established Post Common Staff Costs Consultants

$ $ $

13,950 2,650 3,200

,,

Sub-Total, ChaptGr I • • • • • • • • Chopter I I

• • • • • • $ 26,50(

Expenditure under Article V of the Constitution

5,000

~$

...

Sub-Total 5 Chaptor II • • • • • • • • Chaptor I I I Contingencies

~i

Sub-Total, Chapter III • • • • • • • GRAN"I) TO r:I'AL

$ .4Jh.200

GR.AND TOTAL • • • • • • • •

..

.

$

5,ooc

17 ,ooo

, • • • • • $_J.LOOQ I

O

O

O

•

•

$ .Afh.5.00

Alf.NUAL ADMEHSTRATIVE

::suncmr_r•

FOR 1965 TA::SLE A

Source:

Members of the Corruni 3sion

A;e_;;ilication of Resources

Amount:

Possiblo contri~utions in respect of 1965 $4C,500

Chapter I

1.

Administrative Expenditure under articles IV and XII.2 of the Cons ti t,ition

$20,200

Personal Sorvicos

(') (i~) (iii)

Salaries, Established Posts Common Staff Costs Consultants

$14, 3(JIO ~t 2,700 ~~

3,200

2.

Travel

$

3.

]\footings of tho Cor.1mission

$ 1?500

4.

Contractual Services

$

900

5.

Miscellaneous

$

600

8ub-Totc1,l, Chapter I • • • • Chapter

:n E:xpendi turo under Article

•

•

•

•

G

•

Sub-Total, Cha_pte1· II • • • . • • • • • • • • • Chapter III Contingencies

GRA.ND TOTAL •

•

•

$26,900

$

5,000

...

$

5,000

$16,600

..

..

$161600

.. ... . . .. .... . . .... . . . .

$48.z500

Sub-Total, Chapter III • • • • • • • • • • •

$J8t500

•

°'

\)"'

V of

the Constitution

GRAND TOTAL

9

3,700

·•

-

66

EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR TH:J CONTROL OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE SUM]ff.ARY OF BUDGE TS FOR 1 96 3 2 19"6 4 and 196,5_

1963

GRAND 'I:OTJu,

1965

Revised _;Budget

Budget

$25.072.80

$48,500

$48,500

19,,430, 37

19.800

20.200

12'i- 603'. 23 3·!'677'. i 4

ft~§gl 3,200

i14'2,700 300l

Expenditure

CRAFTER I i

$

P·ersonal Services

.

1·. 2

i,

1

'

1.J

Salaries, Established Posts Common Staff Costs Consultants

3,150.00

3,200

2.

Travel

2,001.18

3,700

3,700

3.

Meetings of the Commission

1,141,93

1,500

1,500

4.

Contractual Services

750.00

900

900

5.

]4iscellaneous

399. 61

600

600

26.500

26.900

5,000

5~000

17,000

"16,000

Sub-Total 1 Chapter I

.

CF..APTER II • • •

CHAPTER III. .•

0

...

• • •

'

. ~

• • " • • •

• • • • • •

.

• 0

239723.09

• • ,. • •

SPECIAL BUDGTIT FOR SPECIAL ACC0U:NT

Travel· and per diem of members of tho Standing Technical Cammi ttc"A GRAJ:ill TOTAL • • , , • , • • • • • • • •

h.349,71

T.A:SLE C

32000

____1,.000

$51,500

$51,500

flP}J,H:DTX V

I

STATEL:Tli'J'fl' I

EUROPEAN C01l:L1ISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-HOUTH DISEASE Accounts for the

~~lv~

Months en~ed 31 December 1Q63

mnmRAL ACCOUNT Ad.ministration Personal Services

$

$

19,430.37

Travel

2,415.18

Meetings o.f the Commission

1,141-93

Miscellaneous (including Contractual Services)

1 Ll.4.2. 61

Member Governraents I contributions received in respect of 1963

27,500.00

24,137.09 Balance transferred to the Special Acco1mt

_,l,_)_61_. 91 $

27?500.00

is 21, 500.oJ

S'I'ATEi.vIE.tJT II _S_I'ECIAL_ AGCOlJHT

Travel and per diem costs of members of Technical Co,,:.r,1i ttee Expernliture in connection ·aith the outbreak of SAT1 virus Balanca at 31 December 1963

1,225.19 124-52*

9,613.21

Balance 1 January 1963

'7,314.33

Transferred. f.rom General Account

3,362.91

Savings on previous years unliquidated obligations Refund previous years expenditure

$10,962.92

*Additional to $2,177 reported in 1962

12374

_

267.18 18. 2,0

$ 10,962.92

~

EUROPEAl-J CuHMISSION FOR THE COH'l1ROL OF FOOT-AND-MOU111H DISEASE

Accounts for the twelve m o n t h ~ 1 December 1963 Balance Sheet at 31 Dec~i~ber 1263Liabilities Sunclry Creditors

Assets

414.00

Special Account

Current Account with the Organization

1 o, 027 .21

9,613.21 $

10?027.21

$ 1 o, 027 .21

O'\

c:, F

69 SCHEDULE I EUROPE.AN COMMISSION. FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE

Statement. _2:f._j.2§.l.. Contributions as at 31 De,cember 1963

Amount due

.Amount received

$

$

Austria

1,500

1? 500

Belgium

2,500

Denmark

·2,500

2,500

Greece

750

750

Iceland

250.

250

Ireland

750

..750

5,000

5,000

250.

250

2,500

·2,500

Norway

750

750

Portugal

750

750

Swi-tzer-land

2,500

2,500

Turkey

1,500

1,500

United Kingdom

7,900

7,000

Yugoslavia

1,500

1,500

Italy Luxembourg Netherlands

Amount outstanding at ~1.12.1263 $

2,500

-~I

30,000

----

27,500

-------

2,500

-----

APPENDIX I EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT .'\.ND MOUTH DISEASE

Approved Budget $

Expenditure

J

Outstanding Obligations

$

Total Available Obligations Balance

i

$

CH.APTER I

Administrative Expendituro for the twelve months ended

19,800.00

Personal Services Salaries

(16,600.00) Allowances Consul tan ts ( 3,200.00) Travel 4,050.00 Meetings of tho Commission Contractual Services 11650.00 Miscellaneous $25,500.00

31 December 1963 ,9,430·. 37 (12,603.23)

19,430,37 (12,603,23) ~ 3~ 677,. 14~ 3, 150·.00 2 ~ 001'. 18 1,141•.93 750,.00 '• 61 23,723.09

369.63 (319.63)

_,

414.00 .:.. .;..

_, 414.00

p,677', 14~ 3,150~00 (50~00) 2,415',18 19634.82 1, 141·. 9 3 750'. 00 j ( $41. 54) 399·. 6i 24,137.09 1,362.91

CHAPTER II

Expenditure under Article V of the Constitution '

$5,000.00

5,eoo.00

$18,000.00

18,000.00

CHAPTER III

Contingencies Total

414.00

24,137.09 24a362,91

S;ee cial Bud~e t for the s:eocial Account Travel and per diem for members of Technical Committee

3,000.00

Additional travel expend. incurred in connection with outpreak of SAT.1 virus· (uncommitted at 31.12.1962)

1,225.19

1,225.19.

124.52

3,000.00

Total

$

GRAND TOT.AL

$51,500.00

1,349.71

25,072.80

---

414.00

1,774,81

124. 52

(124.52)

1,349.71

1,650.29

25,486.80

26,013.20

71

APPENDIX II

EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

6

Schedule of Unliguidated Ob i 9ations (s~red~tors) as at 31 December 1963

Travel Tra.yel .

Authorization

No,

Amount Outstanding

-

Name

95213

Boldrini

197.00

95214

Guarino

217 .oo Total