ESWI Activity Report 2020

2020 activities summary

The European Scientific Working group on Influenza

The European Scientific Working group on Influenza (ESWI) is a group of key scientific experts in influenza who have joined forces to reduce the burden of influenza in Europe: ■ ■

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To realize its objective, ESWI has established structural partnerships with influenza stakeholder organisations:

Ted van Essen, Amersfoort, The Netherlands Gülsah Gabriel, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany Terho Heikkinen, University of Turku, Finland Susanne Herold, University of Giessen Lung Centre, Germany George Kassianos, GP and National Immunisation Lead Royal College of General Practitioners, UK Edward C. Hutchinson, University of Glasgow, UK Colin Russell, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Peter Openshaw, Imperial College London, UK Ab Osterhaus, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses Hannover, Germany Roman Prymula, Military Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Sylvie van der Werf, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Marco Goeijenbier, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

euregha European Regional and Local Health Authorities

European Academy of Paediatrics U.E.M.S - Section of Paediatrics - European Union of Medical Specialists

PGEU GPUE Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union Groupement Pharmaceutique de L’Union Européenne

EUROPE

CORONAVIRUS, FLU AND RSV COLLIDING IN THE FALL In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic and when the world was dealing with the unrelenting daily spread of the novel coronavirus ESWI wanted to look further down the road. In June 2020 already we wanted to warn the world that when flu season comes, there is a possibility that the world would be dealing with two respiratory viruses at the same time – flu and COVID-19.

ESWI organised 4 LIVE webinars.

1. INFLUENZA AND RSV IN A COVID-19 WORLD THURSDAY 11 JUNE 2020 16:00-18:00 CET Influenza, RSV and COVID-19: similarities and differences Arnold Monto, University of Michigan , USA Epidemiology: what if COVID-19 strikes in the flu season?

Colin Russell, University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands Challenges in serology for COVID-19 Linfa Wang, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore Diagnoses for influenza, RSV and COVID-19 and consequences Marco Goeijenbier, Erasmus MC , The Netherlands

CONCLUSIONS It is very difficult to predict what’s going to happen in the coming months. It’s generally accepted that a second wave of COVID-19 is extremely likely, as is the recurrence of seasonal flu. But no one can predict whether the combination of both viruses is going to be less or more severe than the appearance of just one of them.

Influenza and COVID-19 together may be less severe due to the COVID-19 mitigation measures, including the TTTQ (Test, Track & Trace, and Quarantine) measures implemented in many countries, which may lessen the influence of influenza too.

Moreover, the appearance of one virus may limit the appearance of the other, due to the phenomenon of viral interference.

On the other hand, the effects of influenza and COVID-19 together may be more

severe due to the appearance of both of them at the same time.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Be prepared for the reappearance of both flu and COVID-19 in the fall of 2020.

2. Increase flu vaccination coverage. This is particularly crucial for the high risk groups and for healthcare workers. Minimum coverage for these groups is generally accepted to be 70%, a level that has not yet been reached in most countries of the world.

3. Be prepared to stock and use the flu antivirals available.

4. Continue extensive surveillance and testing for flu, other respiratory viruses such as RSV, and COVID-19.

2. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID-19, INFLUENZA AND RSV THURSDAY 18 JUNE 2020 16:00-18:00 CET Clinical signs and symptoms: overlap and differences Barbara Rath, Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative , Germany Risk groups: overlap and differences Daniel Feikin, World Health Organisation , Switzerland Clinical guidance and symptomatic treatment Peter Openshaw, Imperial College London , United Kingdom Co-infections: possible scenario’s Bruno Lina, Université de Lyon , France

CONCLUSIONS There is a large overlap in the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, influenza and RSV. Good laboratory diagnosis is therefore essential, especially as the three infections may coincide, influencing their respective severities in a positive or negative way. Thankfully, more than 80% of all people infected with COVID-19 have relatively mild symptoms.

Loss of taste or smell, and severe lung pathology, are seen in both flu and COVID-19 infections, although abnormal coagulation in the lungs tends to be a typical symptom of COVID-19, especially among severely infected or ventilated patients.

Generally there is a large overlap in the risk groups for influenza and COVID-19. Interestingly though, children and pregnant women, who are greatly at risk for influenza, seem to be at much less risk for COVID-19. Insufficient data is available for RSV in this respect.

As regards therapeutic interventions, treatment of the symptoms is essential at different levels, such as in the front line, nursing homes, hospitals, and ICUs. No specific antivirals have yet been developed. There have been quite high expectations for certain repurposed drugs but the results are unclear. Also, most potential COVID-19 antivirals have not been tested in very early stage patients. Many studies are being carried out amongst Biological Response Modifiers with varying degrees of potential. Dexamethasone might be the most promising with a 30% reduction in clinical symptoms.

RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Implement and comply with non-pharmaceutical interventions such as lockdowns, social distancing, and face masks.

2. Very early intervention is key. Earlier implementation of lockdowns could have resulted in significantly fewer casualties.

3. Test, Track & Trace, and Quarantine (TTTQ) all infected patients and their contacts.

4. Use smart apps wherever possible to identify people who might be infected.

5. Ensure first line treatment of patients by GPs. 6. Prepare hospitals and ICUs using the latest data.

7. Promote more extensive flu vaccination and flu antiviral storage.

3. INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR COVID-19, INFLUENZA AND RSV TUESDAY 23 JUNE 2020 16:00-18:00 CET Current strategies Ab Osterhaus, RIZ, Hannover , Germany Testing and testing consequences Chantal Reusken, RIVM , The Netherlands Influenza vaccination during COVID-19 Florian Krammer, Icahn School of Medicine , USA

CONCLUSIONS It’s clear that public health and social measures can stop ongoing individual chains of transmission and prevent new outbreaks of COVID-19. A combined strategy of early lockdown with Test, Track & Trace, and Quarantine (TTTQ) measures is important to limit the next wave of outbreaks. Surveillance and testing capacity for COVID-19, flu and RSV is crucial, along with the detection of the viruses and, in the case of COVID-19, the antibodies.

Therapeutic strategies currently being investigated have yielded their first encouraging successes, but more studies are needed. Various repurposed antivirals and other anti-infectives such as anti-HIV, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine show mixed potential. Biological Response Modifiers such as dexamethasone and others are being studied, as are polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Antivirals & Biological Response Modifiers

In the absence of a COVID-19 vaccine, and with limited therapeutic options, it becomes even more essential to:

Mike Ison, Northwestern University, USA

1. Thoroughly prepare flu vaccination campaigns for the coming season.

2. Increase the stocks and usage of influenza antivirals.

4. CORNERSTONES OF PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS AND URGENT ACTIONS THURSDAY 2 JULY 2020 16:00-18:00 CET

CONCLUSIONS

Vaccination

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In “peace time”, significant investments are needed in:

Antivirals

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), protocols and necessary materials.

Preparedness in primary care, nursing homes, hospitals and ICUs. The scaling up of reliable diagnostic and surveillance capabilities.

Protocols for rapid clinical, virological and pathogenesis studies to help understand the virus and the disease.

• Broadly protective vaccine platforms.

• Broadly active antiviral platforms.

Frederick Hayden, University of Virginia , USA

RECOMMENDATIONS

Ab Osterhaus, RIZ, Hannover , Germany Jonathan Anderson, Seqirus , Australia

1. Prepare for a new COVID-19 wave.

Non-medical interventions Angeliki Melidou, ECDC , Sweden Cross-sector collaboration and communication Sylvie Briand, World Health Organisation , Switzerland

2. Introduce and comply with non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g. physical distancing, face masks, teleworking, school closures) as early as possible. The countries who introduced lockdown measures the earliest were the most effective.

3. Introduce infection prevention and control measures such as thorough Test, Track & Trace, and Quarantine (TTTQ).

4. Establish more uniform NPI measures based on scientific evidence with the goal of achieving consistency and homogeneous measures across the 28 EU countries and between continents.

5. Continue with vaccine development initiatives. Currently more than 200 COVID-19 initiatives are ongoing worldwide; 17 in humans.

6. Be realistic about promises of the potential of vaccine programmes against COVID-19.

7. Prepare for seasonal flu by developing a vaccination programme targeting a broad population to limit the possible negative effect of two viruses appearing at the same time.

8. Develop antiviral options for treatment and prevention of influenza and COVID-19. Combinations of antivirals can increase potency and decrease the risk of resistance emerging in influenza and possibly also in COVID-19.

CORONAVIRUS, FLU AND RSV COLLIDING IN THE FALL

STATISTICS REPORT

AUDIENCE

STATISTICS REPORT

With a live attendance of 1.728 participants and 8.418 unique views of the recordings we have reached a total audience of 10.146.

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Unique views of the recordings

NUMBERS AT A GLANCE ■

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6 invitations and 4 take back home messages were sent to over 12.000 contacts.

More than 2.800 people participants registered from more than 95 different countries.

COUNTRY TOP 10 95 different countries were present during the webinars resulting in a top 10: ■

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AFFILIATIONS

ATTENDANCE RATE

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30%

33%

In total more than

2.800 people

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USA UK Saudi Arabia Mexico Belgium Germany Netherlands France Romania Russian Federation

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The four webinars have resulted in a two-pager containing recommendations for clinicians and policymakers. These have been disseminated through an extra e-mail campaign on 9 July 2020, and on the eswiwebinar.org and eswi. org websites. The two-pager was downloaded 1.916 times.

registered for the webinars, 37%

with a total of

1.728

live participants, Pharmaceutical Industry Universities and clinicians Public Health Institutes and governments

which is an

61,6%

attendance rate.

CAMPAIGN: TWITTER

CAMPAIGN: FACEBOOK

In total we made 8 announcements good for 5.949 views and 400 interactions.

The 6 announcements were viewed 965 times with 105 interactions.

We tweeted 4 conclusions which were viewed 2.591 times with 69 interactions.

4 conclusions were posted good for 507 views and 65 interactions.

ESWI management would like to thank

The Organising Committee of the Seventh ESWI Influenza Conference was very excited to launch the Virtual edition of #ESWI2020.

We felt it is has never been more important to connect and come together with influenza, RSV disease, COVID-19 experts and policy makers. COVID-19 has clearly shown that a previously unknown pathogen may strike at any time, in any place and without any warning. There is a clear need for countries to have the capacity to maintain effective alert and response systems to detect and quickly react to outbreaks and to share information about such outbreaks rapidly and transparently.

ESWI has been putting influenza pandemic preparedness on the agenda of society for 3 decades now. Influenza and COVID-19 clearly have overlapping pandemic preparedness strategies. Policy makers and scientists responsible for managing this raging COVID-19 pandemic have turned to historical experience with influenza pandemics and for good reason. Intervention strategies perspectives need to be addressed urgently and the clinical perspectives and pathogenesis perspectives of influenza virus, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 need to be discussed between peers and stakeholders.

We had hoped to reschedule the Seventh ESWI Influenza Conference “live version” later at the beginning of December, but in September already it became clear that large gatherings would still be prohibited and existing travel bans would still be in place, and additionally we wanted to prioritize the health and safety of our faculty and attendees. We had therefore decided to go ‘virtual’, and to make the 7th ESWI Influenza Conference a virtual Conference.

INFLUENZA

RSV DISEASE

This was our programme:

THE SEVENTH ESWI INFLUENZA CONFERENCE

#ESWI2020

THE SEVENTH ESWI INFLUENZA CONFERENCE

#ESWI2020

THE SEVENTH ESWI INFLUENZA CONFERENCE

#ESWI2020

THE SEVENTH ESWI INFLUENZA CONFERENCE

#ESWI2020

THE SEVENTH ESWI INFLUENZA CONFERENCE

#ESWI2020

THE SEVENTH ESWI INFLUENZA CONFERENCE

#ESWI2020

Proceedings of the conference will be Special Issue of Vaccine, Elsevier.

Separate report of the Science Policy Interface track is disseminated end of December 2020 and downloadable on the influenzaconference.org site.

STATISTICS / METRICS PRE CONFERENCE

DURING THE CONFERENCE

19 JULY 2020 – 5 DECEMBER 2020

 22 newsletters

were sent to a D-Base of 11.717 members

6 DECEMBER – 9 DECEMBER 2020

 90 tweets were sent with 94 mentions and 4.317 profile visits (interactions) 76 Facebook posts with 10.465 interactions.

79.944 pageviews in the conference platform 862 registrants 64 different countries

1%

Academics/Researchers International agencies/ Governments/ Federal Offices Industry Press

160 350 12

mobile

13 %

Countries registrants 86%

176

posters

340

desktop tablet

151

abstract driven oral presentations

Affiliations registrants

49.331 Pageviews of the Influenza Conference website by 38.609 users

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Canada/USA/Mexico 154 Africa 10 Europe 522 Australia/New Zealand 21 South America 66 Asia 89

 Total number of Science Sessions

15

Total number of Science Policy Interface sessions

7

Total number of Satellite symposia

8

Total number of Keynotes

16

Total number of Webinars

4

Total number of Oral presentations in all sessions

218

AFTER THE CONFERENCE 10 DECEMBER - STILL ONGOING

 18.497

plays of sessions

TOP 20 videos 1. SCS: Epidemiology, surveillance and modeling of influenza, RSV disease and COVID-19, including virus evolution and strain selection 2. Opening ceremony 3. SPI: How to join forces in influenza pandemic preparedness – what can we learn from COVID-19?

4. SCS: Webinar: Influenza and RSV in a COVID-19 world 5. SCS: Viral and host factors in the transmission of influenza, RSV disease and COVID-19, including genomics and big data 6. SCS: Virus structure and replication in influenza virus, RSV and SARS-CoV-2; latest developments in influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV molecular virology 7. SAT: Satellite symposium organised

by Seqirus: Strengthening influenza protection: Different needs, different solutions 8. SPI: All you need to know about influenza, RSV disease and COVID-19 9. SAT: Satellite symposium organised by AstraZeneca: Targeting SARS-CoV-2: Novel vaccines and antivirals for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 10. KEY: Keynote lecture: From SARS to COVID-19, understanding the interspecies transmission of SARSrelated coronaviruses

11. SAT: Satellite symposium organised by the Influenza Diabetes Community, supported by Sanofi Pasteur: Influenza in persons living with diabetes.

Pathogenesis and prevention

9.489 people visited the public

12. SCS: Viral and host factors in the pathogenesis of influenza, RSV disease and COVID-19, including genomics and big data 13. SCS: Influenza, RSV disease and COVID-19 vaccination: current and future approaches 14. SPI: Influenza, RSV disease and COVID-19 intervention strategies: current practice and future strategies 15. SAT: Satellite symposium organised

by BioNTech: The Road to COVID-19 Vaccine Development 16. SAT: Satellite symposium organised by Janssen: Addressing the ever-changing burden of RSV: The past, present and post COVID-19 17. SCS: Reservoirs for future pandemics: threats from the animal world 18. SCS: Webinar: Clinical manifestations of Influenza, RSV and COVID-19 19. SCS: Late Breakers: novel and outstanding scientific discoveries 20. KEY: Morning welcome lecture: Antiviral and Immune Modifiers for Treatment of Influenza, RSV and COVID-19

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4 - 7 DECEMBER 2021 SALZBURG, AUSTRIA

Preparation of the 8th ESWI Influenza Conference, Salzburg

The European Scientific Working group on Influenza (ESWI) is looking forward to organising the eighth edition of its ESWI Influenza Conferences in Salzburg, Austria, on 12-15 December 2021. In keeping with its excellent scientific reputation, the upcoming eighth edition will give the floor to the most renowned influenza, RSV and COVID-19 scientists, public health experts and healthcare professionals, discussing hot topics in epidemic and pandemic flu, RSV and COVID-19. Preparing for the next (flu) pandemic is high on the agenda.

TOPICS • CALL FOR ABSTRACTS PANDEMICS FLU / COVID-19 ■ Early diagnostics and epidemiology ■ Clinical manifestations (defining risk groups, lessons from the last pandemic) ■ Clinical interventions (including antivirals, biological modifiers, immunomodulators) ■ Pre- pandemic and pandemic vaccines ■ “Preparedness”: logistics, stockpiles, healthcare capacity,…

■ Differences in susceptibility between seasonal and pandemic flu viruses ■ Threats and risk management of epidemics and pandemics ■ Reservoirs for future pandemics: threats from the animal world

EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA, RSV AND COVID-19 - AT RISK POPULATIONS ■ Patients with diabetes ■ Elderly ■ Obesity ■ Young children ■ Travelers ■ Health care workers ■ Pre-infections ■ Immunocompromised (disease/ drug/transplant) ■ What is the evidence for risk (inclusion) ■ Mechanisms / factors that increase susceptibility or disease severity

INTERVENTIONS INFLUENZA / RSV AND COVID-19 ■ Rapid diagnostics (point of care diagnostics, isolation policies, infection prevention) ■ Antivirals and antibody therapies ■ Vaccination ■ Novel vaccination strategies ■ Biological Response Modifiers ■ Symptomatic treatments (ECMO, clinical intervention strategies) ■ Vaccine hesitancy

YOUNG SCIENTIST FUND

ABOUT SALZBURG

Through the Young Scientist Fund, ESWI provides grants to young scientists to attend the Conference and to play an active role in the programme – as speakers or as co-chairs of the sessions. Deadline for application: 6 September 2021.

With a UNESCO-listed baroque old town, a high-on-a-hill medieval fortress, galleries with phenomenal art, some of Europe’s finest concert halls and uplifting mountain views, Salzburg is a perfectly orchestrated Alpine city. In Winter, Salzburg twinkles with Christmas-market cheer and world renowned orchestras play Mozart. Winter hiking is especially enjoyable on the city mountains and free ski shuttles take you from the city directly to the ski area.

The fifth edition of the ESWI Young Scientist Best Body Of Work award was for Dr. Robert de Vries, Utrecht University, The Netherlands for his substantial accomplishments to date in the field of understanding influenza virus dynamics.

The first edition of the ESWI Young Scientist Innovative Award, a research grant supported by Seqirus, was for Dr. Kirsty Short, University of Queensland, Australia, for her innovative research in vaccine development.

Both Dr. de Vries and Dr. Short gave a keynote lecture during the Young Scientists Plenary session at the 7th ESWI Influenza Conference #ESWI2020 virtual edition.

Stimulating the careers of promising researchers being one of ESWI’s objectives, 50 Young Scientists have received a grant to the #ESWI2020 virtual edition – with the kind support of Seqirus.

All co-chairs of the scientific sessions at the 2020 Conference were Young Scientists.

Influenza vaccination in children

ESWI has a long standing partnership with ESPID in order to put influenza childhood vaccination high on the agenda of peers, clinicians and policy makers.

At the ESPID 2020 Virtual Meeting 26-29 October 2020, ESPID and ESWI organized a joint symposium on 29 October 2020, 17:00-18:30

At the #ESWI2020 virtual edition, ESPID and ESWI organized a joint symposium on 9 December 2020: Should we introduce national live vaccination programmes for children?

This was the programme:

This was the programme:

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Introduction by Pieter Fraaij, The Netherlands and Ab Osterhaus, Germany

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Influenza virus transmission and children, Sander Herfst, The Netherland

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UK Pediatric Influenza Vaccine Programme, Jemie Lopez Bernal, UK

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Immunization: the vision for the coming decade, Katherine O’Brien, US

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Live Q&A with faculty and Terence Nolan, Australia and Antonios Aliprantis, US

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Why is influenza an important disease in children? An introduction Terho Heikkinen, University of Turku, Finland (CHAIR)

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Efficacy and safety of seasonal influenza vaccination in children Ab Osterhaus, TiHo, Hannover, Germany

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The burden of paediatric influenza in the US: mortality, hospitalizations, outpatients visits and other outcome Patsy Stinchfield, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, United States of America

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How to increase vaccine confidence and counter parental doubts on the safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccines?

Hanna Nohynek, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland

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Debate: should we introduce life vaccination programmes for children?

Terho Heikkinen, University of Turku, Finland

Influenza Diabetes Community People with diabetes still face a higher risk for influenza and its complications.

National and international guidelines therefore advise that diabetes patients be annually vaccinated against influenza.

In October 2017 leading diabetes organisations and ESWI joined forces to forge an active Influenza/Diabetes community, implementing an action plan to better protect diabetes patients against the flu. To keep the momentum going the community meets annually to investigate new opportunities for collaboration and to continue raising awareness about the impact of influenza infection on diabetes patients.

The attention for the impact of influenza on diabetes patients is, however, low and so is the vaccine uptake in this group.

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Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness

People with diabetes have a higher risk of getting very ill

3 to 6 times more likely to be hospitalized

Higher rate of death

Diabetes is more difficult to manage

World Health Organization recommends yearly influenza vaccination for high-risk patients, including those with diabetes

www.influenzadiabetescommunity.org

Leading diabetes organisations and ESWI joined forces to forge an active Influenza/Diabetes community, implementing an action plan to better protect diabetes patients against the flu. The community meets annually to investigate new opportunities for collaboration and to continue raising awareness about the impact of influenza infection on diabetes patients.

Current Influenza/Diabetes community members are: ■

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF Europe)

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Foundation of European Nurses in Diabetes (FEND)

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Pharmacist Group to the European Union (PGEU)

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Diabetes UK

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Primary Care Diabetes Europe (PCDE)

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Immunology of Diabetes Society (IDS)

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European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

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Nurse Practitioner Healthcare Foundation (NPHF)

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American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE)

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American Pharmacists Association (APhA)

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International Federation of Ageing (IFA)

At the #ESWI2020 virtual edition, the IDC organized a symposium on 9 December 2020 about “Influenza in persons living with diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention.

This was the programme: PROGRAMME: ■

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The impact of influenza on people with diabetes Marco Goeijenbier, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands (CHAIR) Influenza vaccination and people with diabetes: a must !

Francesc Xavier Cos, Primary Care Diabetes Europe/ Institut Català de la salut, Spain (CHAIR) Recent findings in glycemic variability and influenza severity Kirsty Short, University of Queensland, Australia How to increase vaccination coverage in people with diabetes, the UK case Dan Howarth, Diabetes UK, United Kingdom Diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic Ab Osterhaus, TiHo, Hannover, Germany

PGEU GPUE Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union Groupement Pharmaceutique de L’Union Européenne

A web portal was created to serve as a virtual reference centre on diabetes and influenza, containing web materials of ESWI’s partners in the Influenza Diabetes community on diabetes and on the importance of flu vaccines.

www.influenzadiabetescommunity.org

Communication tools

SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGY

ESWI WEB PORTAL

ESWI continues to create, collect and disseminate relevant scientific content about influenza with three important objectives: ■ to reinforce ESWI’s reputation and increase “brand” awareness ■ to increase interaction with target audiences ■ to promote ESWI events and increase the number of attendees

Visitors of the www.eswi.org portal website can browse through our videos on various influenza topics in ESWI TV, get the information they need from our influenza knowledge center, stay informed about ESWI’s biennial influenza conferences, its symposia and roundtables, and the yearly Influenza Summits.

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ESWI is determined to expand and update the content on the portal in order to maintain relevance and authority. www.eswi.org

The ESWI portal website also hosts the Influenza/Diabetes community webpages, a dedicated influenza/diabetes section that serves as a virtual reference center on diabetes and influenza. www.influenzadiabetescommunity.org

Communication tools

ESWI NEWSLETTER - FLUZINE ESWI manages and constantly updates a database of some 15,000 influenza stakeholders worldwide. ESWI is ready to use this platform in any influenzarelated educational project, as it is a highly flexible tool to reach the global flu field in just a few clicks. Another tool in ESWI’s web-based communication strategy is its monthly newsletter. The ESWI newsletter FLUZINE offers a selection of influenzarelated articles collected from a range of media sources. Fluzine is hence a costeffective way to enhance ESWI’s visibility in the influenza community.

2021 will again be an interesting, busy and fascinating year for ESWI. To realize its aims, however, ESWI fully relies on the loyal and active support of its members, partner organisations and sponsoring companies. Their joint forces are the strength of ESWI, allowing the organisation to play its unique role in the influenza field.

If you have any questions about the European Scientific Working group on Influenza, please contact info@eswi.org