Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine (ESEMAG) March 2002

Environmental Science

March 2002

www.esemag.com

& Engineering Covering Canada's multl-billlon dollar environmental protection industry since 1988.

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Conference Previews - Environmentai Management, Compliance & Engineering 2002, BCWWA,OWWA, RESEAU, WEAO Successful use of ozone for drinking water Urban air pollution linked to birth defects China uses barge for water reclamation Solid waste management in Argentina Beneficial reuse of biosolids

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ISSN-0835-605X

February/March 2002 Vol.15 No. 1 Issued March, 2002

Contents China uses barge for water reclamation - See page 66

I-

Features The Low Bid Ethos - now an acronym for iethaiity - by Tom Davey 10 Construction started on new Georgina drinking water treatment facility

60

14 Expediting phytoremediation through active

66 China uses barge for water reclamation 68 Was President Eisenhower the godfather of

7

management

Beneficial reuse of biosoiids - A public/ private partnership 64 Urban air pollution linked to birth defects for first time in US studies

16 Capacity building in solid waste management in Argentina 22 Ammonia removal in northern sewage

the Ontario MOE?

Spring Conference Preview

treatment lagoons 38 Automation and information management for today's water and wastewater treatment

Environmental Management, Compliance and Engineering 2002

39 Biological iron and manganese removal 42 Emerging trends toward superimposing private remedies on existing regulations 44 Treating oil in a maritime environment 46 Recycling gypsum and concrete, using pumps and mixers 48 WWF leaders join forces to combat threats against the Arctic 50 Victoria's strategy when facing the drought 54 Maximizing the use of data for better environmental decision-making 56 New metal mining effluent regulations 58 Successful use of ozone for drinking water

BGWWA's SOth Annual Conference and Exhibition 2002 TAPPI International Environmental Conference and Exhibit RESEAU environnement 2002

No-Dig 2002 WEAQ Technical Symposium and OPCEA Exhibition 2002 10th Canadian National Conference and

1st Policy Forum on Drinking Water DWWA/DMWA Joint Annual Conference

treatment in Windsor, Ontario

Departments 8

Feedback

79-86

Industry Update

25

Ad Index

80

Classifieds

72

Literature Reviews

81-85

Professional Cards

73-78

Product Review Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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Essay

The Low Bid Ethos(LBE)has become an acronym for lethality

Twin problems af ecting theen

vironment industry are poor media coverage and the low bid ethos. They are intimately related as the news media usually ig nores the real experts when environmen tal problems surface. Instead, report

"No," countered Whistler,"I ask it for

terium about two microns in size. Ironi

the knowledge of a lifetime."

This classic response, made in the 19th century, could be an equally effec

cally, the biggest growth industry in Walkerton was the news media who mi

grated to the town like E. coli in a Petri

tive rebuttal to the low bid ethos in the

dish. I almost said cultured in a Petri

21st century.

dish but decided the word culture, given the sometimes wildly inaccurate report ing from Walkerton, had an inappro priate adjectival connotation.

ers often seek technical information

from people who, by law, would not be allowed to operate treat ment plants. The exceptions are grandfathered operators made famous by the Koebel brothers

Once the bete noire of envi

ronmental activists, chlorina-

tion was repeatedly cited as a paradigm for safe drinking wa

in Walkerton, Ontario.

ter - a transformation from de

Usually epidemiology is de fined by acronyms such as TB, AIDs or more recently, BSE, the acronym for Mad Cow dis ease. Sometime ago I thought the way consultants were re tained, or equipment was pro

mon drink to holy water over night. While some media re ports were thoughtful, scien

clusions and broadcast ad

cured, deserved its own acro

nauseum on the airwaves and in

nym. To define and identify the maladies which plague the en vironmental industry I decided

print. In both early print and TV reports, E. coli 0157:H7 was correctly described as a le thal bacterium, but as the story grew, the bacterium was mys teriously transmuted into a le thal virus. Such genetic engi neering of English words must surely be on a par with stem cell

tific, accurate, and sensitive,

patches of real ignorance were interwoven with fallacious con

a new short form was needed

for low bid ethos. I thought we needed an acronym like the de bilitating diseases, after seeing cases where the lowest bid re

peatedly won over quality for research. consulting engineering, equip In my opinion, municipali ment and laboratory services;so In a trial which became a watershed in British libel litiga tion, John Ruskin was ordered to pay one farthing in dam ties should aim at improving LBE was bom. ages to Whistler. water quality rather than just But the problem ofprice ver Whistler won his case but was award holding water rates steady. Think of sus quality was brilliantly summed up ed only one farthing in damages. One how many millions were spent in at a libel trial in London well over a cen farthing was the lowest coin in the Walkerton by governments on medical tury ago.

In 1887,the American painter Whis Realm - the equivalent of one cent in and legal expenses- not to mention the tler, sued the renowned English writer our deflated Canadian dollars. The court pain, suffering and massive costs in case mined Whistler, who was forced business disruptions and real estate val John Ruskin, who had criticized Whis ues. Put simply, we cannot afford to let tler's canvas entitled Nocturne in Black to sell his unique White House in Chel and Gold. Ruskin wrote that the painter sea, which he had helped to design. price dominate the long-term value in was charging one thousand guineas for: However, he later moved to Venice with any of our services.

During the crisis, several reporters "Throwing a pot ofpaint in the public's his mistress while Ruskin -arguably the called for an increased federal govern face". During the trial, on learning that finest art critic of his day-failed to con the painting had summate his marriage. On balance, I ment role to protect our water supplies. taken Whistler less

rather think Whistler fared the better of

This was at the time when the Federal

than a day to paint, Raskin's lawyer sar castically enquired:

the two.

Human Resources Ministry had been

"You ask one thou

coli 0157:H7 at Walkerton, Ontario, caused several deaths, with over 2,000

of E. coli some two microns in size.

residents becoming seriously ill.

This small, prosperous town was vir tually brought to its knees by a tiny bac

The Sea King helicopter saga is a great example of the difference between Continued overleaf

sand guineas for a few hours' work?"

By Tom Davey, Publisher

Fast forward now to the recent trag edy where an outbreak of Escherichia

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

unable to find one billion dollars in a

grants program-so I have serious doubts if the feds could locate a particular strain

Essay

Environmental Science

& Engineering Editor & Publisher

TOM DAVEY

E-mail: tom@esemag.com Managing Editor SANDRA DAVEY E-mail: sandra@esemag.com Sales Director

PENNY DAVEY

E-mail: penny@esemag.com Sales Representative DENISE SIMPSON E-mail: denise@esemag.com Circulation Manager VIRGINIA MEYER E-maii: virginia@esemag.com Publisher's Assistant

KATHLEEN OARIGNAN

E-mail: kathy@esemag.com President

STEVE DAVEY

E-mail: steve@esemag.com

Technical Advisory Board Jim Bishop Beak International Inc.

BIN Borlase, P.Eng. City of Winnipeg

low price and value. Over a decade ago, a previously negotiated helicopter con tract was cancelled because the govern ment said Canadian forces did not need

'airborne Cadillacs'. Then they had to pay over half a billion dollars simply to cancel the contract. Now,some ageing Sea Kings are said to require 30 hours of maintenance for every hour offlight.

This reminds me ofJunk Yard Wars, the popular TV series, where engineers try

to make ingenious machines from scrap metal; it is a great example of pricebased purchasing of hi-tech engineering.

Walkerton was a wake-up call for the need for operations training and licenc ing. Unlicenced pilots are not allowed to fly $20 million planes,carrying some

Church & Trought Inc. George V. Crawford, P.Eng., M.A.Sc. Dr. Howard D. Goodfellow

Stantec Global Technologies Ltd. Rod Holme, P.Eng. Earth Tech Canada Inc.

Barry Loescher, Ph.D. Philip Anaiytical Peter Laughton, M.Eng., P.Eng., DEE R.V. Anderson Associates

Stanley Mason, P.Eng.

Environmental Science & Engineering is a bi monthly business publication of Environmental Science & Engineering Publications inc. An ail Canadian publication, ES&E provides authoritative editorial coverage of Canada's municipal and industrial environmental control systems and drinking water treatment and distribution.

Readers include consulting engineers, industrial plant managers and engineers, key provincial and federal environmental officials, water and

wastewater plant operators and contractors.

Information contained in ES&E has been compiled from sources believed to be correct. ES&E cannot

be responsible for the accuracy of articles or other editorial matter. Although the information contained in this magazine is believed to be correct, no responsibility is assumed. Articles in this magazine are intended to provide information rather than give legal or other professional advice.

We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada, through the Canada Magazine Fund, toward our editorial costs.

Canadian Publications Mall Sales Second Class Mall

Product Agreement No. 40065446 Registration No. 7750

Printed in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without written per mission of the publisher. Yearly subscription rates: Canada $45.00 for one year (plus $3.15 GST). USA $45.00(US)for one

ease with which their carelessness be came lethal.

Adaptedfrom Tom's paper presented to the Ontario Pollution Control Equip mentAssociation AGM,February, 2002.

Feedback

Alan Church, C.Chem.

CH2M HILL Canada Limited

300 people, without rigorous testing.

We cannot allow operators to run $20 million treatment plants without train ing and certification either. Can you see Stan and Frank Koebel in the cockpit of Boeing 747s? I don't think so; nor have I ever heard of pilots who were certi fied on propellor driven airplanes, grandfathered into flying 747s. Given the care the Koebel brothers gave to the chlorination of drinking water supplies in Walkerton, perhaps 'hang gliders' would more appropriately highlight the

Dear Tom:

Dear Tom:

I would like to have permission to re print a few articles from your magazine

I loved the article in the November

for the Saskatchewan Water & Waste-

water Association quarterly newsletter called The Pipeline. I will be sure to credit the original source and writers.

The articles are: Coping with the en vironmental aftermath of the World Trade Center disaster, and Chemical

surface cleaning may improve water quality and facility maintenance; both appeared in the November 2001 issue.

Geoff Stewardson, Editor, SWWA Pipeline, Saskatchewan Mr.Davey: I would like to continue to receive your informative magazine in the future. I have been enjoying ES&E for over 10 years.

Thanks.

2001 issue of ES&E on the French

Super Train, the train d grande vitesse - it sparkles!

John MacGregor, Victoria, BC ES&E:

Could you please update my address. 1 don't want to miss out on reading a sin gle one of Tom's editorials.

Lisa Longhouse, LML Technical Services

ES&E:

Excellent magazine! You need more articles on agriculture/environment.

AI Johson, Stantec, Edmonton

Good day, Mr. Davey: There is a mistake on page 10 of the January 2002 issue, in the third line.

Maqbool Ahmad,

"Waterloo, Ontario" should read

MacViro Consultants Inc.

"Waterloo, Quebec".

Since 1 have read your formidable magazine since 1988, it is the first mis

Hi Tom:

I truly find your editorials interesting, thoughtful and skillfully written.

Cheryl Hendriekson, M.Se., LandSaga Biogeographical,

take of that nature that 1 have seen.

Waterloo, ON

Jean Hehert, P.Eng., M.A.Sc.

For an environmental engineer like me,ES&E is one of my main sources of information.

Environmental Science & Engineering

year.

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tal Science & Engineering,220 Industrial Pkwy. S., Unit 30, Aurora, Ontario, Canada, L4G 3V6, Tel; (905)727-4666, Fax: (905) 841-7271, Web site: www.esemag.com

Need to sell any surplus equipment?

ES&E reaches over 19,000 water, wastewater and environmental

protection professionals across Canada.

Call us at:(905)727-4666 for special rates Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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Drinking Water

Construction started on new Georglna drinking water treatment faciiity

Construction ofthe first phase

of a new 50 ML/day water treatment plant in Willow Beach, on Ontario's Lake

Simcoe,is well under way. Completion of the first phase will see commission ing of a 20 ML/day facility in late 2002.

By 2015,it is expected that the plant will expand to its full design capacity of 50 ML/day to accommodate projected growth in the Town of Georgina. When the new plant is commissioned, the Sutton water treatment plant will be decommissioned.

The new treatment facility was initi ated in 1996 as part of York Region's "Long-Term Water Strategy". The plan ning and design process for the Georgina project was conducted according to the provincial Class Environmental Assess ment (Class BA) for Municipal Water and Wastewater Projects to provide long-term water supply to meet the

of the intake structure and intake pipe,

needs of Keswick, Sutton, and the in

and cost of construction. To meet these

termediate rural lakeshore areas.

design constraints, a steel structure will be installed at a depth of 19 metres, 1.4

Located in the Town of Georgina on

East wall of the treatment plant building under construction In the Fall of2001. tion houses the equipment.

Water is pumped through a 600 mm raw water main directly into the water treatment plant from the low lift pump station. There, the water is pre-treated

the south shore of Lake Simcoe, the fa

kilometres from the shore. Zebra mus

cility consists of three main components: a raw water intake, low lift pump sta tion, and water treatment plant. A key element of the treatment plant is a

sels are controlled with a chlorine dif-

with an immersed microfiltration mem

fuser that delivers chlorine solution into

brane technology that eliminates turbid ity, and removes suspended solids and protozoan pathogens like Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

The microfiltration system draws water through the membrane surface under a vacuum. Membrane fouling is reduced by air scouring and limiting

microfiltration membrane. In addition,

the treatment plant contains a 3,000 m^ reservoir beneath a high lift pump sta tion within the facility. The high lift pumps transfer water to the existing el evated storage tank in Sutton, and in fu ture will deliver water to a new at-grade storage reservoir in north Keswick.

There were numerous approvals re quired for the project, including solu tions to potential environmental and eco logical impacts on the aquatic life of Lake Simcoe. One of the many consid erations was the design of the water in take and treatment of the zebra mussel infestation with chlorine.

The location of the intake was estab

lished on the basis of available water,

depth, quality and physical factors such as waves, currents, boating, zebra mus sels and ice that would affect the design

By Ian H. Shrimpton, MacVIro Consultants Inc., and Ken Dailey, United Utilities Canada Limited 10

the intake pipe so that any chlorine re sidual in the lake is avoided. Near the

intake structure, a water sample line is installed to monitor water quality in the lake. A second line terminates within

the intake pipe approximately 700 me tres from shore so that plant operators can monitor the chlorine dosages being applied.

Lake water flows by gravity to the low lift pump station through a 1,050 mm diameter concrete pressure pipe.

The pump station, located on a 0.3 ha site at the north end of Kennedy Road, is designed with two inlet wells, one of which has a screen and associated pump ing equipment. The screen blocks large particles from entering the pump wet well areas, and the pumps have a vari able frequency drive to match the raw water to the demand of the distribution

system. The station is designed to ac commodate four identical 16.7 ML/day pumps to provide a 50 ML/day capac ity with one pump out of service. The pump station has a below grade concrete wet well which is connected to the in

take pipe. The superstructure of the sta

vacuum levels so that contaminants are

not forced into the pores under high pressure. It is expected that the lower differential pressure combined with a reinforced membrane structure will give long membrane life, and reduced mem brane replacement costs. The membrane modules are combined to form cassettes

and are then immersed directly in the raw water supplied to the process tank.

Other than pre-screening, no further pre-treatment is expected to be required.

The membrane system replaces the flocculation tank, clarifier and granular media filters typical of more conven tional drinking water treatment systems.

The project managers. United Utili ties Canada Ltd., have ensured that op erational staff are involved in all water

treatment decisions. Hazard and OperContinued overleaf

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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Drinking Water ability Studies (HazOp), and value en gineering studies, were completed at the conceptual stage by a group consisting of operational staff, design engineers, safety/environmental specialists, and the membrane plant supplier. The membrane plant supplier was pre-selected competi tively, by choosing the lowest "whole life" cost. The whole life cost includes

capital and operational costs along with membrane replacement costs.

The microfiltration system has four trains with individual cassettes in each

train. Each train is capable of being taken out of service so they can be cleaned-in-place. Chemicals used to clean the membranes are normally chlo rine and acid based, with neutralization

of the effluent from the cleaning proc ess being done using sodium hydroxide prior to release to the wastewater treat ment and disposal system of the plant.

The permeate may be directed to a granular activated carbon (GAC) con tactor system to remove taste and odour that may occur during the warm water months. In Phase I, four cells are being installed with only two filled with GAC. The third and fourth will be filled as the

demand on the system increases. When taste and odours are not present, perme ate can move from the membrane filters

directly to the clear well for disinfection.

Wastewater associated with the proc ess is treated on-site using two settling chambers. Domestic waste is stored in

a holding tank with treatment and dis posal off-site. The process wastewater from cleaning the traveling screens, as JOB OPPORTUNITY

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Artist perspective of the 20 MUday water treatment building. well as back wash water for the micro-

filtration and GAC units only requires settling of the solids, dechlorination, and neutralization of the solution. The sol

ids are pumped on an 'as-required' basis to the holding tank for further treatment and disposal off-site.

Other features of the facility include chemical injection systems for adjust ing the pH of the membrane system wastewater,sulphur dioxide dechlorina tion prior to the granular activated car bon filters and wastewater discharge to the lake, disinfection using chlorine gas in solution,fluoride feed system,ammo nia feed system for maintaining residual chlorine levels in the distribution sys tem, and emergency diesel generator standby power for the complete facil ity, including low lift pump station equipment.

Control of the plant operations is de signed for local operating using switches and pushbuttons associated with each piece of equipment, as well as a remote manual - and fully automated SCADA system. The Region of York is required to have staff undertake daily mainte nance and testing of the water quality.

The plant's automatic system is initiated by a drop in the plant's water pressure leaving the facility, or a low liquid level at the Region's water towers. As the liq uid levels drop in the clear well, GAC influent channel, and raw water hold

ing tank, the GAC contactors, microfiltration units, and low lift pumps are automatically activated. Flow transmit ters and chemical residual analyzers ini tiate the chemical systems for zebra mussel control (by temperature), post

chlorination, dechlorination prior to the GAC filters, and pH adjustment if re

quired, prior to the microfiltration units.

The high lift pump station in the new facility initially supplies the Sutton area.

The pumps will eventually be required to pump up to 47 ML/day against a to tal dynamic head of approximately 73 metres. As with the low lift pump sta tion, four pumps are ultimately to be provided for the facility, with three op erational and one on standby. Installa tion of the pumps is in stages to match the output of the low lift pump station.

The water treatment plant, like the low lift pump station, has been architec turally designed to complement the char acteristics of the existing buildings in the neighbourhood. The plant was built on a 1.8 ha. site occupied by an abandoned schoolhouse that was demolished prior to construction of the facility.

Separate sites were selected for the low lift pump station and water treat ment plant to maximize the use of the land used for the water treatment plant.

There is enough space on the site of the new plant for landscaping which helps the facility blend with the adjacent prop erties.

Design of Phase I of the Georgina Water Treatment Facility is being under taken through ajoint venture partnership between MacViro Consultants Inc., and

Simcoe Engineering Group Limited.

Project management of the Phase I work is the responsibility of United Utilities Canada Limited. Cost of the first phase is estimated to be $30 million. The to

tal estimated cost for the completed fa cility is $59 million. ❖

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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^EIMCO Process Equipment Company A Baker Hughes company

5155 Creekbank Road / Mississauga, ON L4W 1X2 • Tel 905-625-6070 / Fax 905-625-3519 362 Grenville Avenue / Orillia, ON L3V 7P7 • Tel 705-325-0342 / Fax 705-325-4296

WWW.eimcoprocess.com 3 Copyright 2002 Baker Process. Inc., d.b.a. EIMCO Process Equipment Company. All rights reserved. EMC 3308.

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Soil Remediation

Expediting phytoremediation through active management

Greenhouses are the proving

ground for phytoremediating vegetation where studies in pots have shown how certain plants will remediate specific soil con taminants under controlled conditions.

Transferring this knowledge to fieldscale projects presents challenges, but also new opportunities to optimize and expedite biological remediating proc esses.

Challenges are presented in the form of suboptimal conditions for plant growth such as low or no organic mat ter (resulting in poor root aeration and water-holding capacity), extreme pH levels, low soil fertility and mechanical stress in the form of rocky or debris-rid den substrate. All are obstacles to

..

healthy growth in themselves, aside from the presence of contamination.

Plants stressed by poor soil condi tions are smaller, more susceptible to

I*

Poplar plume. One of the advantages of phytoremediation Is low cost.

The ability to remediate a contami jected clean-up times. nant is determined in the greenhouse,but An example of the effect of water and predicted growth rates are taken from nutrient enhancement is neatly illus the pastures, croplands, plantations or trated by seven hybrid poplar clones natural environments where many (DN74) planted along a septic plume phytoremediating species are usually gradient. The 2001 growing season in found. Under agricultural or silvi- Waterloo, Ontario, experienced a sixcultural conditions, years of research week drought, so the effects of proxim have shown how to achieve optimal ity to the septic plume and the availabil yields. Actively managing vegetation ity of water, nitrogen and phosphorus to overcome soil deficits will level the were especially pronounced on these playing field for phytoremediating veg three year old trees. Nitrogen and phos etation, and may actually expedite pro- phorus in their plant available forms are major components of septic effluent and primary nutrients for plants. Am

disease and, therefore, unable to reme

diate contaminants at expected rates.

This can result in clean-up times that are longer than anticipated for this already relatively long-term clean-up strategy.

In the worst case, high initial mortality means both wasted money and time.

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needed for the synthesis of chloro phyll which converts sunlight to en ergy, while monohydrogen phos

phate ((HFO^)^") and dihydrogen phosphate ((H,POj))stimulate root growth.

The trees were planted in a rec tangular pattern 6.9 metres in length and up to 3.6 metres wide, with the edge of the septic tank at one corner.

For each tree, measurements were

taken for height and stem diameter 15 cm above ground. A representa tive sample of four leaves was taken from three strata within the canopy ofeach tree(top, middle, and bottom) to estimate average leaf size or photosynthetic area. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated between the tree measure-

14

For more information, circle reply card No. 108 (See page 25)

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Soil Remediation

merits and the distance from the nearest

edge of the septic tank.

The results showed significant nega tive correlations between the distance

from the septic tank and tree height (r = -0.93939, p = 0.0017), stem diameter (r = -0.83035, p = 0.0207), and mean

leaf area (r^ = -0.92503, p = 0.0028).

This shows that all aspects of tree size decreased with increasing distance from the nutrient source-the smaller the dis

tance, the larger the tree. Nitrate con centrations are highest within the septic plume beneath the septic drainfield, and disperse at a rate determined by groundwater velocity (Ground Water Monitor ing and Assessment Program, 2000.

Ground Water Quality Under Three Unsewered Subdivisions in Minnesota,

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Ground Water & Toxics Monitoring Unit, Environmental Monitoring & Analysis Section, Environmental Out

when analyzed with ANOVA(F= 17.03, df= 6,75, p<0.0001). This suggests that there is the potential for even more growth.

Under intensive management, for example, when young poplars are ferti lized with nitrogen regularly through out the growing season, leaf area of hy brid poplar clones has been measured to be over four times larger(325 sq. cm) than the largest tree in this study.

One of the attractive features of

phytoremediation is its relatively low

«c

cost. However, active management of vegetation can offer an alternative with in the phytoremediation option. The additional costs of active management can be offset by bringing a site back on line sooner than passive phytoremedi ation, and with all the benefits this in situ strategy presents.

The author thanks Dr. Uta Matthes,

University of Guelph, for statistical analysis.

For more information, circle reply card No. 110

IS the v/(\.ter sj to iriPi^r

comes Div., St. Paul, MN).

Under intensive management, for example, when young

poplars are fertilized with nitrogen regularly throughout the growing season, leaf area of hybrid poplar clones has been measured to be over four times

larger (325 sq. cm)than the largest tree in this study.

Larger trees are, therefore, found where there is greater availability of water and nutrients, and large trees have

significantly larger leaves(r^ = 0.92075, p = 0.0033 for the correlation between tree size and leaf size). Larger leaves in phytoremediation equate to a greater

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capacity for evapotranspiration - the much touted water-pumping ability of hybrid poplars and one of the key proc esses which remediates contaminants such as BTEX.

It has been shown that nitrogen con centrations in septic plumes are less than those resulting from nitrogen applica tions on agricultural fields (Ground Water Monitoring and Assessment Pro gram, 2000). In the present study, even

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such a modest enhancement of nutrient

availability resulted in a significant dif ference in the leaf size of poplars. The mean leaf area of the trees along the plume ranged from 19.88 to 92.01 sq. cm, and this difference was significant Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Endress+Hauser The power of know-how

For more information, circle reply card No. 109 (See page 25)

15

Waste Management

Capacity building in solid waste management in Argentina

Effective management of solid

wastes is challenging in many countries since it is perceived as representing only costs, of a magnitude which tends to deter effec tive management. Consequently, solid waste management issues are pro foundly different from water supplies where the desirability of clean water promotes a willingness to pay on the part of the consumer.

irn^

As a result, the effective management and disposal ofsolid wastes may involve simply the placement of the wastes in some nearby vacant lot, much to the chagrin of immediate neighbours. An other unacceptable solution may involve the collection of the wastes from the

residential and commercial sections, but

followed by the dumping of the wastes in an uncontrolled landfill.

Uncontrolled landfills allow continu

ation of such deleterious aspects as offsite migration of landfill leachate, fire/ air pollution hazards,exposure of neigh bours to disease vectors such as rats, and aesthetic deterioration.

Implementation of an effective, sus tainable solid waste management pro gram which avoids these types of prob lems, must be the objective. It must at least include the following; • a sustainable revenue source to ensure

that the waste management system continues to function into the future;

• the management system must be suf ficiently effective that putrescibles are removed from the vicinity ofthe popu lation, thereby minimizing disease vectors;

• improvements in aesthetics. In some circumstances, the local population becomes accustomed to litter, and es

sentially ignores its presence, as part of the status quo. However, foreign ers' objections can be a primary incen tive for effective solid waste manage ment. Tourism was one of the primary motivations behind the ongoing solid waste management projects funded by the World Bank in the Caribbean; and.

By E.A. McBean, and E. del Rosso, Conestoga-Rovers & Associates and H. Schoemaker, Industry Canada 16

Open burning releases noxious gases to the atmosphere.

• policing/oversight of the implementa tion of the solid waste management system must occur. As an example of this problem,street sweepers in Banga lore, India, are to empty waste recep tacles on the street on a daily basis.

However, in some places, regular gar bage bin collection is sporadic or non existent.

Energy cell technology demonstration project A project is being undertaken in Ar gentina with funding from the Climate Change Early Action Fund, from the Government of Canada, and from

Conestoga-Rovers & Associates(CRA).

Led by Industry Canada and CRA, the energy cell technology is providing a demonstration opportunity for improve ment in the solid waste management practices and assisting in climate change protection.

Specifically, this demonstration pro ject is encapsulating the wastes for pur poses of accelerating landfill gas produc tion, improving options for utilizing land fill gas as an energy source, and provid ing climate change protection by trans forming the methane in landfill gas to car bon dioxide,as the latter is a substantially less powerful global warming gas.

The demonstration project of energy cell technology is ongoing in Tucuman, which is Argentina's fifth largest city (after Buenos Aires, Rosario, Cordoba,

and Mendoza). The Province of Tucu-

man has a population of 1.2 million peo ple, with approximately 800,000 in the City of Tucuman. Tucuman is situated in an agricultural area, in the northwest of the country. Activities in this area include extensive agricultural develop ment for the sugar cane and citrus in dustries. This region is one of the world's largest lemon-producing areas.

Pre-project situation for solid waste management in Tucuman The situation in Tucuman prior to the demonstration project included refuse dumping in an uncontrolled landfill or "dump" adjacent to the Sail River. Black leachate from the refuse is migrating away toward the River. Moreover, fre quent burning of the solid wastes re leases noxious gases to the atmosphere.

At the uncontrolled landfill, there

seemed to be no attempt to cover refuse with daily cover material. In fact, open burning of the refuse was encouraged as a means of preserving disposal space.

Large columns of smoke rose from the dump several times in a single day.

Significant refuse was evident at street corners throughout Tucuman and throughout the vicinity of the uncon trolled landfill. Common practice with in the City of Tucuman has been for in dividuals to collect refuse door-to-door

for small amounts of money. Their modus operandi involves the transport of the wastes to an area where they open Continued overleaf

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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For more information, circle reply card No. 107(See page 25)

Waste Management the bags, recycle whatever is feasible, place the remains in a small pile, and set it on fire. Hence, the problem with refuse burning at the dump represented only one aspect of the burning of refuse.

Partial combustion of plastics, and the consequent release within the resi dential environment,exposes humans to further detrimental effects of refuse.

Aspects of the Climate Change Early Action Program project The primary objective of the energy cell project being developed under the Climate Change Program, involved the collection of refuse and placement in energy cells. These cells are being op

~ -.if

T

erated as bioreactors to accelerate the

generation oflandfill gas from the refuse through utilization of bioreactor technol ogy. Hence,this has included the place ment of a comprehensive bottom liner system,leachate collection, preparation of the refuse (bag opening to ensure ef fective exposure of the refuse to the el evated moisture levels), a leachate recirculation system, a gas collection system, and a flexible top membrane liner.

The acceleration of the generation of the landfill gas improves the economics

Recyclables ready for transporting to martret. ofrecovery for utilization purposes since cell project is to demonstrate the oppor the gas is collected over a significantly tunities available, which could influence shorter timeframe. As well, with utili the viability of energy recovery and pos zation of the bioreactor technology, the sible greenhouse gas credits. opportunity exists to ensure combustion Examples of transformations in the of all of the methane to diminish the glo management of solid wastes in bal warming potential of the resulting Tticuman landfill gas.

Initially, there was significant resist The primary emphasis of the energy ance to the energy cell project. The con cept of adding water to the refuse was considered undesirable at first, since

Appointments

there was evidence of the impact of Eric MacDonald, President of MacViro Consultants Inc., is

pleased to welcome to the company Dr. Muin Husain. Main has a Ph.D. in Hydrogeology from the University of Waterloo and has 11 years of research, consulting and regulatory experi ence. He has worked as a Research Hydrogeologist for the De partment of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, a Senior Hydrogeologist for AGRA Earth and Environmental Limited, and a Hydrogeologist and Site Remediation Specialist for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. His extensive experi ence includes groundwater resource management and the as sessment and remediation of contaminated sites. He has testified as an expert witness in Courts and in public meetings regarding groundwater contamination issues.

Muin has presented scientific papers on Hydrogeology at several national and inter national conferences, and has delivered lectures on Hydrogeology. He has also pub lished scientific papers in groundwater related joumals.

leachates from an uncontrolled landfill

across the river. Now that the facility is operational, there is widespread inter est in the concept. Further, there have been substantial changes in behavioral attributes associated with uncontrolled

landfilling. The dimensions of change include:

â&#x20AC;˘Accessibility to refuse has been greatly reduced. Prior to the energy cell, neigh boring residents, and their cattle and horses, had open access to the refuse.

However, following construction of a chainlink fence, access is now control

Also joining MacViro is Maq Ahmad, who has been appointed Business Leader for the newly established Municipal Infrastruc ture Operation & Maintenance Unit. This unit will provide op eration and maintenance management services to the water and wastewater industry.

Maq is a Professional Engineer and has a Master's Degree in Civil Engineering. He has over 25 years of experience in op erations management, asset management, project management and contract administration.

MacViro Consultants Inc. offers a full range of environmen tal and engineering services to its clients in the public and private sectors, from project conception and development to design, construction, start-up, commissioning, opera tion and maintenance.

MacViro Consultants Inc. Tel:(905)475-7270, Fax:(905)475-5994

E-mail: reception@macviro.com Web site: www.macviro.com 18

Ma^j/iro

led strictly for purposes of the ongoing recycling efforts. This change has pre cluded children from wandering onto the site. Security provisions now exist which decrease human health exposures and protect the recycling stockpiles. The fences also decrease incidences of blow

ing paper and,consequently, are improv ing aesthetics at the facility. â&#x20AC;˘Avoidance ofopen burning. Recogni tion of the air pollution that arises as a consequence of open burning has been achieved. Measures to decrease open burning include concerted efforts to pre vent personnel who collect the refuse door-to-door,from burning the residues

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Waste Management facility indicating the purpose and procedures being encouraged at the facility.

Prior to the energy cell, neighboring residents, and their cattle and horses, had open access to the refuse.... following construction of a chainlink fence, access is now controlled strictly for purposes of the ongoing recycling efforts. on vacant lots/street corners, as de

of the vehicles, a vehicle wash station has

scribed previously.

• Encouragement of recycling. Work parties have been set up for site person nel for purposes of recycling. There are still limited opportunities available since markets for the recyclables are not well developed in this area of Argentina.

However,the recyclables are now organ

been constructed at the facility.

• Signage encouraging participation.

Signs are being placed in and around the

ized in a methodical manner. As a first

step,the plastics are being removed from the refuse stream for combustion in a

cement kiln as fuel. The energy value of the plastics is being traded for bags of cement.

• Everyday collection of wastes. As a means ofeconomy,everyday collection of wastes from residences is being ques tioned as unnecessary.

•Enhancement ofaesthetics around the facility. To improve aesthetics, the plant ing of trees and lawns around the facil ity is being undertaken.

• Covering of vehicles carrying refuse during transport. Canvas covers are being utilized to cover the refuse dur ing transport in vehicles to the facility.

This procedure was only recently adopted.

• Construction ofa vehicle washfacility.

As a means of improving the appearance

Conclusions In a matter of several months of di

rect learning from the energy cell pro ject, solid waste management operations in Tucuman have taken a complete re versal from uncontrolled dumping, to ward implementation of a modem solid waste management system.

For more information,

circle reply card No. 112

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Wastewater Treatment

Ammonia removal in northern sewage treatment lagoons

Ithas been estimated that there are more than 850sew

age lagoons operating in Canada(Heinke etal., 1991).

In spite of this, there have not been many comprehen sive assessments of lagoon treatment performance. As communities and regulators increasingly demand higher levels of treatment, it becomes more important to improve our understanding of the factors controlling treatment effi cacy.

Ammonia can be an important parameter because of: a) its toxicity to fish; b)its contribution to nutrient loading in receiving waters; and,c) it can be the limiting design factor for some land application treatment systems which can be used for polishing of lagoon effluents.

From 1999 to 2001 ammonia removal was investigated in several sewage lagoons in the Yukon. As similar trends were observed at each of the lagoons, this report will focus on the Whitehorse lagoon which was studied the most ex tensively.

In mechanical sewage treatment plants, ammonia re moval normally is achieved by providing conditions which foster high concentrations of nitrifying bacteria. In lagoons it has been postulated that the primary ammonia removal mechanisms are volatilization and algal biomass assimilation.

At equilibrium, ammonia exists in both an ionized and unionized form in water. Volatilization occurs when am

monia is in the unionized form as shown in the equilibrium equation;

= NH,-I-

pKa (25째C)= 9.24 (eqn 1)

The equation proceeds to the right at high pH and, there fore, high pH favours volatilization.

The growth rate of algal biomass is regulated by photo synthesis and water temperature. The necessary carbon source can come from either absorption of atmospheric car bon dioxide or from dissolved organic carbon. Ammonia and phosphorus are assimilated into the algal biomass as essential nutrients and converted to their organic forms. The overall reaction can be approximated as shown by the fol lowing equation: CO, -I- HO -I- NH, -t- PO; -> C -I- O, (eqn 2) 2 2 3 4 Site Description and Sampling Methodology Whitehorse is located at 60째34'N 135째4'W. About 18,000

people are served by the Whitehorse lagoon which is known as the Livingstone Trail Environmental Control Facility (LTECF). In a typical July,this City receives approximately 256 hours of bright sunshine and has an average daily tem perature of 14째C. The average annual precipitation is 269 mm.

The LTECF has been in operation since 1996 and con sists of two primary anaerobic ponds (5 HA,6 m. depth) four facultative ponds (42 HA, 2.5 m depth) and a longterm storage pond (LS Pond, 177 HA, variable depth to 17 m maximum^ All ponds are connected in series. Annual

By V. Enns, J. Kelly, and C. Butt, Environment Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon 22

sm

Livingstone Trail Environmentai Control Facility (LTECF), Mays, 1998.

discharge occurs between August 1 and October 30 and re sults in a three metre lowering of the LS Pond water level.

It is not possible to remove more than 56% of the wastewater in the LS Pond because of four deep depressions which are inundated within the pond area.

Facultative cell grab samples were collected at the flow structures between each of the cells. In the LS Pond, grab samples were taken at the surface,three metres and one metre above bottom at each offour locations. Sampling frequency varied from weekly to monthly and was altered in propor tion to the observed rate of change of in situ parameters.

Results - General Observations

During the winter phase virtually no treatment occurs except for removal of settleable solids by the primary cells.

There was also no significant indication of release of con taminants into the water column from settled solids in any of the cells. By the end of the ice-covered period, the entire contents of all facultative and primary cells is uniformly typical of untreated Whitehorse sewage(BOD. ~ 60 mg/1,

NH,~ 18 mg/1, pH ~ 7.0). The LS Pond water quality also deteriorates through the winter but to a lesser extent due to the large volume of treated wastewater retained in the pond from the previous Fall.

The surface waters of the cells turn green almost imme diately after the ice melts(mid-May),indicating rapid growth of algal populations. Algal densities generally peaked within a month and thereafter declined rapidly in the LS Pond and more slowly in the facultative cells. The algae have been identified as being predominantly of the green algae class which includes both motile and non-motile microalgae.

Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. are common.

The parameter which best indicated the changes occur ring in the cells was pH. Within one month of becoming ice free the pH in the fourth facultative cell had increased from 6.7 to as high as 11.2. Figure 1 illustrates the summer pH trend at the discharge of the final facultative cell during the past three years. By using carbon dioxide as its carbon source, the algal photosynthetic process causes a shift in the carbonate-alkalinity system which increases the pH in the lagoon cells.

Continued overleaf Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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Wastewater Treatment

Figure 2: Ammonia Predicted vs. Actual Facultative Cell Discharge (FS7) Summer2000

Figure 1: pH Trends Facultative Cell Discharge(FS7)

Middlebrooks Model

16 j

12 1

14 -•

11 -

12 -■

10 10 -■

9-

8 ■■

8-

6 ■■ 4 --

7-

2 -■

09-Feb 31-tvlar 20-May

09-Jul

28-Aug

17-Oct 06-Dec

■1999

-2000

H

31-Mar

Date

OOJul

28-Aug

- Predicted NH3-N, mg/1

-2001

Ammonia levels declined rapidly in the facultative cells (Figure 2) and less rapidly in the LS Pond. In all three years the ammonia levels were reduced to less than 2 mg/1

20-May

17-Oct

06-Dec

Actual NH3-N, mg/1

Middlebrooks made the following assumptions when

developing the model: a) removal is driven primarily by volatilization; b) follows first order kinetics; c) steady state

in the final facultative cell and less than 4 mg/1 in the an nual final lagoon discharge from the LS Pond. The slower

conditions prevail; and, d) ammonia reductions are a func tion of pH, temperature, and a measure of detention time.

decline in the LS Pond is attributed to the less intense and

The model is most sensitive to changes in pH. For several weeks after the lagoons become ice-free, very

shorter duration algal bloom observed there. The fact that the algal blooms do not persist into the discharge period (August) in the LS Pond is important to ensuring a good quality final effluent.

Discharging while an algal bloom is underway could re

non-steady state conditions exist in the cells. This transient period was accounted for in the model by replacing in equation (3) with the effective pond surface area, which

and pH. The reasons for the shorter duration of the algal

Where:

is also a function of time:

sult in regulatory exceedances for suspended solids, BODj,

bloom have been investigated. The evidence suggests that the LS Pond is not nutrient limited when the algal bloom shuts down. It is believed that the primary factors for the shorter duration bloom are: 1) cycling of the algae into

deeper parts of the pond where there is insufficient light to sustain photosynthesis (this cannot happen in the 2.5 m deep facultative cells); and, 2) the greater LS Pond depth ensures there are zones with favourable conditions for zooplankton grazing of algae (the higher pH achieved in the facultative cells is deleterious to zooplankton).

Nitrate and nitrite levels were never much higher than 1

mg/1. This suggests that nitrification was not a significant pathway for ammonia removal.

Modeling Results The Middlebrooks and Reed models are two of the most

widely used to predict NH^-N removal in sewage lagoons (Reed et ai, 1988; Middlebrooks et al, 1982). Both are semi-empirical first order models and have temperature, pH and some measure of detention time as the input parameters.

The Middlebrooks model was used to predict the ammonia concentrations at the facultative cell discharge (FS7) and in the LS Pond. The relationship developed by Middlebrooks

(eqn 4)

T.|. = number of days since becoming ice free; T^^ = number of days required to achieve steady state

conditions, approximated by theoretical retention time (average lagoon influent flowrate/pond volume).

An example of the predicted and observed ammonia con centrations for the facultative cell discharge (FS7) is shown

in Figure 2. Good correlations were observed in all cases.

A similar analysis was carried out using the Reed model.

Trends were comparable but actual lagoon ammonia minimums were consistently 3 to 5 mg/1 lower than predicted by the Reed model.

Ammonia Removal Rates

Ammonia removal rates were determined by mass bal

ance. The following assumptions were included in the analy sis: a) seepage and evaporative losses are neglected (actu ally about 10% of the influent flow); b) lagoon ammonia inventory at the beginning and end of a 12 month period are approximately equal; and, c) ammonia removed by deposi tion of algae and other solids does not re-enter the water column.

At ice break-up there is a large inventory of ammonia in

all cells. Peak NH^-N removal rates in the facultative cells

et al, (1982) for temperatures less than 20°C is:

of up to 6 kg/HA-day were observed in the period from late

0= ^1-)-[^^^j(0.0038 4- 0.000134r)£X/'[(1.041 -H 0.aA4T){pH-6.6)]j

May to early June. A sharp drop off in removal rates during the month of July is largely a consequence of there being little ammonia left to be removed in those cells. By this time the only ammonia available for removal is the amount entering daily in the influent. Removal rates in the LS Pond were lower. Peak rates were similar (6 kg/HA-day) but were not sustained long. This is attributed to the shorter dura tion, less intense algal bloom observed there. The overall average rate for the May to October period was about Continued overleaf

(eqn 3) Where:

C = effluent NH^-N concentration (mg/1), Co = influent NHj-N concentration (mg/1)

Aj^j = pond surface area (m^),

° Q = flow rate (mVd),

T = water temperature (°C) 24

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Ad Index

Company

Page

Reader Service No.

Page

Reader Service No.

ABS Pumps AOS Pumps

80 51

131 166

Lumldor Safety Products

59

139

MacVIro

18

ACPA ADI International

11 43

106 159

Makloc Buildings Metcon Sales & Engineering

72 61

203 141

Company

Amiad Filtration Systems

41

154

MS Filter Inc

71

147

Anthratllter

80

130

MSU MIsslssauga

53

168

Aquablast Ashtead Technology

80 47

132 165

27

137

Mueller Canada Nasco Canada Neo Valves OCPA

31 42 31 87

174 155 175 288

ONDEO Degremont Paques ADI

88 69

AWI Can-Am Instruments

Card

Cancoppas

63

144

Career Advancement CH2M HILL CH2M HILL CheMetrlcs CWWA Davis Controls Denso Donson Eckel Ecofluld USBF

42 26 55 40 44 45 49 35 44 45

156 136 172 151 161 180 181 146 160 177

Elmco Endress + Hauser ESG International Geomatrix GESCAN GL&V Golder Associates

13 15 39 80 23 32 67

Ill 109 176 290-294 138 121

3

102

38 20-21

149 114

5

103

66 9

118 105

36-37 46

270-276 179

62

142

Gorman-Rupp Greatario Grundfos Canada Hach

International Water Supply III Flygt John Meunler/USFIIter KMK Consultants

KSB Pumps

;

289 122

Parkson

62

143

Pro Aqua + Shadrack Procyon Consulting

79 65

186 116

ProMlnent Fluid Controls Renaissance Instruments R.J. Burnslde & Associates Sand Filtration

52 14 53 48

167 108 169 178

Sanltherm Engineering Spill Management Inc

66 57

119 129

Standards Council of Canada

70

123

Stantec Consulting Stormceptor T. Harris Env. Management

65 6 19

115 104 113

Techstar Plastics

72

200

The Concrete Surgeon

34

Trimax Residuals

80

134

Troy-Ontor TS Group (Ontario)

40 67

152 120

Urecon

72

201

VIctaullc Waterloo Barrier Waterloo Blofllter Wessuc

17 43 49 80

107 158 182 135

XP Software

33

145

2

101

Zenon Environmental

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25

Wastewater Treatment

3.5 kg NHj-N/HA-day in the facultative cells and 0.8 kg NHj-N/HA-day in the LS Pond.

volatilization is the primary pathway for ammonia loss, then both TKN and ammonia levels should decrease at roughly the same rate. By mid June the pH began to rise above 9.5 units and TKN levels began to fall at a higher rate, indicat ing that ammonia volatilization becomes more dominant at

known to what extent the longer summer daylight hours common to this latitude influence performance.

In the future the wastewater treatment sector may find practical ways to actively manage algal blooms to enhance their treatment benefits while minimizing the problems which algae cause when high levels are in the final discharge.

In 1999, at the 8th Annual International Conference on Ap plied Algology, an entire session was devoted to the subject of using algae in wastewater treatment processes. Manage ment techniques may be borrowed from commercial algae growers who supply feedstock for livestock and aquaculture.

In the meantime, gaining a better understanding of fac tors controlling the duration and intensity of algal blooms in lagoons will contribute to better planning of optimum timing for seasonal discharges, and better ability to optimize lagoon designs for ammonia removal. The first step is to have a closer look at what is happening in our sewage la

that time.

goons.

Biomass Assimilation vs. Volatilization

Algal biomass assimilates NH^-N and converts it to or ganic nitrogen during photosynthesis. Total Kjeldahl nitro gen (TKN) represents the ammonia and organic fractions of nitrogen. Therefore, if the ammonia is being reduced primarily by assimilation into algal biomass, the TKN lev els would remain fairly stable or at least not drop off as

quickly as the NH^-N levels. This was the pattern which was observed during the initial reduction in ammonia lev els over the first six weeks of ice-free conditions. If

Since biomass assimilation contributes significantly to ammonia removal, this means that algal effects can be sig nificant in reducing ammonia levels even in lagoons which never exhibit pH levels over 9.5.

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated that the high level of am monia removal at the LTECF is driven by algal growth which results in biomass uptake and volatilization. The results demonstrate that the Middlebrooks model is a good tool for

References

Heinke, G.W., D.W. Smith and G.R. Finch. 1991. Guide

lines for the Planning and Design of Wastewater Lagoon Systems in Cold Climates. Canadian Journal of Civil Engi neering, 18: 556-567.

Middlebrooks, E.J., C.H. Middlebrooks, J.H. Reynolds, G.Z. Walters, S.C. Reed and D.S. George. 1982. Wastewater Stabilization Lagoon Design, Performance and Upgrading.

Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York.

Reed, B.C., E.J. Middlebrooks and R.W. Crites. 1988. Natu

modeling LTECF ammonia removal. NHj-N removal rates

ral Systems for Waste Management and Treatment.

in the facultative cells peaked at 6 kg/HA-day. It is not

McGraw-Hill, Inc., Toronto.

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Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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Spring Conference Preview

Environmental Management, Compliance and Engineering 2002 In association with the Ontario Environmental Tradeshow

April 9-10, 2002 Regal Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario ■

Environmental Science & Engi-

M J neering will present the 10th m ' Annual

•

Environmental

Management, Compliance

and Engineering Conference,in asso

It, \\l

lAir.KCi-M

ciation with the Ontario Environmen

tal Tradeshow, April 9 and 10, 2002.

Now Ontario's largest private confer ence of environmental compliance strat egies, technologies and solutions, it will take place at the Regal Constellation Hotel, near Pearson International Air

port, Toronto.

Workshops will provide unique en vironmental education and training op portunities for: Plant managers and engineers.

Environmental managers and co-ordinators.

Government officials and policy makers.

Some 700 people attended in 2001, confirming it as the largest privately-spon sored conference and tradeshow of its kind in Canada.

Environmental lawyers.

Environmental and engineering

tigations.

consultants.

• Brownfields.

Environmental auditors.

• Canada/US transborder issues.

Environmental health and safety managers.

Dangerous materials shippers and supervisors.

Storage tank managers.

Spills and emergency response teams.

Workshop participation will give delegates access to some of Canada's leading environmental consultants.

Here are some program highlights: APRIL 9

Environmental Law and Regulation Session A1 - a.m.

Regulation & Compliance for supervisors & managers(1) • The new framework for environmen

tal compliance.

• Federal environmental legislation.

• Provincial environmental legislation.

• The approvals process and approvals reform.

Session A2 - p.m.

Regulation & Compliance for supervisors & managers(2) • Recent changes to the waste manage ment regulation.

• Enforcement, inspections and inves28

Compliance In Practice Session B1 - a.m.

Dealing with industrial water and wastewater(1) • Overview of legislation.

• Enforcement and prohibitions.

• Certificates of approval for waste-

(EMS)guidelines.

• 4.1 General Requirements • 4.2 Environmental Policy • 4.3 Environmental Planning Session C2 r p.m.

Environmental Management ISO principles and best-practices (2) • 4.4 Implementation and Operation • 4.5 Checking, Auditing and Corrective Action

• Management Review

water treatment.

Session B2 - p.m.

Dealing with industrial water and wastewater(2) • Municipal sewer use by-laws.

• Industrial stormwater management.

• Potential impacts of industrial opera tions.

• Defending environmental charges.

Environmental Management Session C1 - a.m.

Contaminated Sites Session D1 - a.m.

Dealing with industrial and contaminated land • Site-owners' liabilities under the law.

• Bill 56: Brownfields Statute Law Amendment Act. • Phase I Environmental Site Assess

ment(ESA).

• Phase II ESA,Decommissioning and

Environmental Management Remediation.

ISO principles and best-practices(1) • Site-Specific Risk Assessments • Introduction to the ISO 14000 Series (SSRAs). of Standards.

Session D2 - p.m.

• Integrating environmental with other Dealing with industrial and existing management systems and contaminated land protocols.

• Underground storage tanks.

• Essential elements of the ISO 14001 • Site contamination: Communicating Environmental Management System with the Ministry.

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Spring Conference Preview • The Record of Site Condition (RSC).

• The "alternative process" to Record of Site Condition.

• Lender regulations and lender liabili ties.

APRIL 10

Environment,Health & Safety (EH&S) Session A3 - a.m.

Session B4 - p.m.

Dealing with Industrial Air Emissions(2)- Reg. 127 • Airborne Emissions Regulation (O. Reg. 127/01).

• Air emissions: Information manage

Ventra EMS.

ment.

• Complying with air emission moni toring and reporting: Q and A.

EH&S: The supervisor's role (1) Health & safety and the competent supervisor • Supervisors on the front line ofEH&S

Emergency Response Planning & Management

Session D3 - a.m.

Preparing for and responding to Spills & Emergencies(1) • Emergency Response(ER)planning.

• Spills: Specific reporting require

management.

• Supervisors' responsibilities under OH&S legislation.

• Specific responsibilities of the 'com petent' supervisor.

• Supervisory functions; generally.

• Supervisory functions: specifically.

• Inspections, investigations and charges.

Session A4 - p.m.

EH&S: The supervisor's role (2) Environmental Compliance and Due Diligence • Potential environmental liabilities of

Session C4 - p.m.

Management in practice (2) Government & industry case studies • ISO 14001 Government case study: City of Calgary.

• ISO 14001 Industry case study:

ments.

This session was one of the 16convened

at ES&E's 2001 conference and managers and supervisors.

• Environmental responsibilities of tradeshow. managers and supervisors under fed Environmental Management eral and provincial laws.

Session C3 - a.m.

• Responding to MOE inspections and investigations.

Management in practice (1) Due Diligence and the EMS • What supervisors can do to help es tablish environmental due diligence. • Principles of systematic environmen Compliance In Practice tal management.

• Environmental due diligence: Why Session B3 - a.m.

Dealing with Industrial ISO 14001 is a useful model.

Air Emissions(1) • Flow of an Environmental Manage ment System.

• Regulatory Framework.

• Certificates of Approval: Air Emis • Identifying environmental 'aspects'.

• How to design efficient and effective sions. environmental management programs.

• Certificates of Approval: Modeling.

• Potential EMS traps and solutions.

• Compliance and enforcement.

• Introduction to spill prevention and response planning.

• A chemical spill prevention and re sponse plan.

Session D4 - p.m.

Preparing for and responding to Spills & Emergencies(2) • Developing a Spills Response plan.

• Introducing a Chemical Product Man agement System (CRMS) for EMS/ ER systems.

• Facing the worst case scenario: Suddenly there's a spill- what do you do?

Conference sessions will be held on

the same floor and adjacent to the Ontario Environmental Tradeshow, where coffee breaks and lunches will be

provided for conference delegates.

The full conference program can be downloaded from Environmental

Science & Engineering web site: www.esemag.com. Click on the Con ference and Tradeshow section on the

home page.

For more information, please contact Environmental Science &

Engineering at: 1-888-254-8769,(905) 727-4666, Fax:(905)841-7271.

List of Exhibitors (as of March 12, 2002) A&A Environmental

#309

Canatech Environmental

#208

Eckel Industries of Canada Ltd.

#513

Ecolog Information Resources Group

#412

Systems Inc.

Services Inc. ACI Instrumentation

#304

Cancoppas Limited

#101

ADI International Inc.

#507

Career Advancement

#407

Employment Services Inc. Amadeus

Elemental Controls Limited

#106

Environmental

#305

#403

AGAT Laboratories

CD Sonter Management Inc.

#306

Centennial Concrete

#116

#201,203,300

International Inc.

Pipe & Products

Ashtead Technology

#401

Biogenie

#105

CHL Technologies Ltd.

#502

Con Cast Pipe

#207

Envirotest Laboratories

- Foyer #408

- Sentinel Division

C3 Environmental Limited

#312

Davis Controls Ltd.

#411

Canadian Centre for

#206

Echelon Response & Training Inc.

#510

Occupational Health and Safety

Management Solutions Inc. Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

ERE Inc.

#107

Exhibitor list continued overleaf 29

Spring Conference Preview

Exhibitor List, continued

Products/services

being exhibited: Air pollution control Analytical laboratory Consulting engineering Decontamination systems

Fielding Chemical Technologies Inc.

#307

Frontline Environmental

#512

Management

& services

Disposal Services Emergency response Environmental auditing

ProMinent Fluid Controls

#209

Purifies Environmental

#504

Technologies Inc. RMS Enviro Solv Inc.

#301

Ross Mackay Associates

#413

Gartner Lee

#402

George Brown College

#311

Green Tbrtle Technologies

#503

RPR Environmental

#202

H2Flow Equipment Inc.

#515

RWDl

#400

Hanna Instruments Canada

#313

SAIC Canada

#211

Harold Marcus Limited

#200

San-Nor Concrete

#404

Limited

Groundwater treatment Hazardous waste treatment

Products Ltd.

Instrumentation & control

Heron Instruments Inc.

#112

Legal services Liners/geotextiles

Industrial Scientific

#500

Noise & vibration control

Kentain Products Ltd.

#108

STANMECH Technologies

#114

Occupational health & safety Oil & water separation Pumps, pipes, valves, fittings Protection/safety equipment Recycling Residuals dewatering, disposal & handling equipment

Layfield Geosynthetics

#508

Stantec Consulting Ltd.

#410

Team-1 Environmental

#511

Site remediation

Siva & Associates Inc.

Corporation

Software systems Spill control & containment Stormwater equipment Tanks & storage Transportation services

Spill Management Inc.

#517

- Foyer

& Industrial Fabrics

Levitt-Safety Ltd.

#505

McGraw-Hill Ryerson

#102

Templegate Inc.

Niagara College of Applied Arts & Technology

#103

Terrafix Geosynthetics Inc.

#104

Terrastar

#405

Nortech GSl Inc.

#113 T. Harris Environmental

#100

Ontario Water Products Inc.

#308

Osprey Scientific Inc.

#111

Performance Fluid

#115

Equipment Inc.

Pigmalion Environmental

#406

Services

Services

- Foyer

Management Inc.

TS Group (Ontario)

#212

Wardrop Engineering

#205

WEAO

- Foyer

Wessuc Inc.

#213

Wastewater treatment

Pneu-Tech Systems Limited

#109

Windsor Pnmp Co.

#519

Waste disposal

Power Budd LLP

#506

Zebra/Regenesis

#409

April 9 & 10,200210:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.

The Regal Constellation Hotel,900 Dixon Rd., Toronto IWIN I WOODBINE

iSUNStON

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REGAL

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held in conjunction with the 10th Annual Environmental Management, Compliance & Engineering Conference and Workshops 30

The 2002 Ontario Environmental Tradeshow Complete and bring the pass to the tradeshow (not valid for conference sessions). Your badge holder can be picked up at the registration desk.

CONSTELLATION

INTERNATIONAL

FREE PASS

Name: Title:

Company: Address:

City:

Prov.:

Postal Code:

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Spring Conference Preview

BCWWA's30th Annual Conference and Exhibtlon

I Mueller Canada!

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April 21 - 24, 2002, Whistler, British Columbia

The world renowned Whistler Resort will host BCWWA's annual conference.

Rick

Corbett,President, says it will be the most diverse and interesting con ference in the Association's history, with its technical program and trade exhib its. Up to 90 technical papers will be

presented on timely and forward-reach ing topics. There will be a full and com prehensive program for operators.

Conference Schedule

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April 21,2002 Technical Tours:

• Whistler's wastewater treatment plant.

• Whistler - Blackcomb snowmaking tour.

April 22, 2002 Operators Safety Competition The technical program will cover the following topics:

• Municipal operations and manage ment.

• Water supply and treatment.

• Wastewater collection and treatment.

• Project management.

• Emerging technologies.

• Small water and wastewater systems.

• Industrial waste treatment.

For more information, circle reply card No. 174(See page 25)

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of valves for water

• Design and maintenance of waste-

workshop.

• CWRA's GIS applications for Water Resource Management Forum.

Valves are not a component you \A/ant to

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The Technology Transfer Sessions

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Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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31

Spring Conference Preview

2002 TAPPI Conference and Exhibit Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec

April 6-10, 2002

The2002International Environ mental Conference and Ex

hibit is organized by TAPPI and cosponsored by the Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada (PAPTAC), National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI),and the United States Depart ment of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service.

The theme of the conference is Envi

ronmental Excellence for Competitive Positioning. With a series of technical papers, panel discussions, workshops and presentations as a backdrop, the 2002 International Environmental Con

ference and Exhibit will give the world wide pulp and paper operational, tech

panel discussions and hot topic break fasts. Sessions are divided into the fol

lowing tracks: SEW (Solid Engineered WoodX water, air, environmental man agement, residuals management, and NCASI.

WORKSHOPS

Saturday, April 6

area of biological wastewater treatment.

The workshop will provide basic infor mation covering all types of systems found in the industry.

Air Quality An Air Quality workshop will focus on emerging issues in the air quality arena.

Monday,April 8 and 9

Kraft Mill Process Modification -

SEW Workshop

Cost-Effective Compliance with

The SEW workshop is an exclusive pro gram designed specially for the Solid & Engineered Wood Industry.

In addition to the workshops there are scores of technical papers on all aspects of the industry.

Environmental Requirements by Process Closure

Many mills are under pressure from regulators and environmental advocacy groups to further reduce discharges of conventional pollutants. This workshop will provide an overview of the options available.

The Montreal Convention Center is

the venue for all meetings and exhibits.

It is located at 201 Viger Avenue, West Montreal, Quebec.

nical and environmental communities

Sunday,April 7

the opportunity to converge and network in a common setting.

Over 50 sessions have been compiled with workshops, tutorials, interactive

Biological Wastewater Treatment

This workshop is designed to provide industry-specific training to pulp and paper environmental professionals in the

To register: 1-800-332-8686 (US), 1-800-446-9431 (Canada). Preview the

technical program at: www.tappi.org.

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Brian Burrell, brian.burrell@'glv.com Ken Smith, ken.smithes'glv.com Tel; 705-325-6181

32

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Environmental Science <4 Engineering, March 2002

Spring Conference Preview

RESEAU

envirormement SALON des technologies environnementales du Quebec Centre des Congres de Quebec, Quebec City

On the opening day of their

April 10 - 12, 2002

40th anniversary conference and tradeshow, RESEAU

• Legal obligations.

• Treatment of soils dredged from • Estimates for amounts of LNAPL.

cussion on More Environmental Man

• Plans for action and regulations (speakers from the Ministere de I'Environnement du Quebec, munici palities and AOMGMR. • Management of dangerous materials.

• Valorization of organic matter.

lumber, pharmaceutical,energy,agricul tural, residuals management, plastics, chemicals manufacturing, biotechnol

Residuals

ogy,transport, mines and metals, and en

vironmental industries. The municipal sector will also be represented.

Thursday,April 11 & Friday,April 12 There will be six concurrent streams

on the second and third days of the con ference: Drinking Water

Regulations,including speakers from the Ministere de I'Environnement du

Quebec.

Technologies,including ozonation, air flotation.

.w

I

systems of both open and closed conduits Use Rational, SCS, SWMM Runoff and

many other hydrology methods Design/analyze separate/combined systems

Handle flow reversals and looped systems Directly import GIS and otlier database data

water.

environnement is holding FORUM RESEAU,a full day panel dis agement, Less Regulations. Panelists will include representatives from the

6W6r 3iU- ''

Model dual drainage and other complex

Simulate, pumps, orifices, weirs regulators multiple outfalls and real time control

XP-Cyl¥ert2000

Management

• Best Management Practices.

• Leadership and management of hu man resources.

• Benchmarking.

The Tradeshow will be open on Wednesday, 11:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m., Thursday, 10:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., and

on Friday, 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.

For complete information, contact RESEAU environnement,Tel:(514)2707110, Fax: (514) 270-7154, Web site:

www.reseau.environnement.com,and go to Consulter notre Calendrier 2002.

Combined Culvert and Pond Analyzer Design and analyze all bridge, culvert and pond hydraulics Only culvert and pond hydraulics software to combine full unsteady flow and FHWA inlet analysis Use constant or hydrograph inputs and include road overtopping

Include upstream storage and ponds

XP-Rat2000

ISO certification.

AWWA accreditation.

Research and development.

Chlorine by-products.

Wastewater

Biosolids management.

Industrial wastewater treatment.

Use of BIOSOR™, METIX and STABIOX. Corrosion controls.

Testing for bacteria.

Air Pollution and Climate Change

Management of biogas.

Impact of biogas on air quality.

Indoor air quality.

Soil and Groundwater

Treatment technologies.

Phytoremediation of contaminated

No-Dig 2002 Montreal, Quebec Conference: April 28 - May 3 Exposition: April 29 - 30 The North American Society forTrenchless Technology will be conducting the 11th Annual No-Dig Show this year in

Urban Stormwater Design and Analysis

Montreal, Quebec, at the Montreal

Design and analyze drainage systems using up

Convention Centre. The No-Dig Show targets municipal and consulting engi neers, contractors, suppliers, elected of ficials, academia, and other players in

Predict an accurate HGL and analyze inlets using HEC-12, rating curve or max. capture

America.

There will be 60 technical papers, eight panel discussions, and over 100

soils.

exhibitors. There will also be exhibitor

showcase demonstrations, a pipeline assessment pavilion, and a German product pavilion. Contact NASTT at: www.nastt.org, Tel:(703) 351-5252

water.

Revi-Sols.

Include inlet bypasses and surface flow

the field of urban infrastructure in North

Treatment of contaminated groundLessons learnt from the Programme

to 7 return periods with the Rational formula

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

XP Software 9-75 First Street

Orangeville, ON L9W 5B6 Tel 877-533-4533 Fax 519-941-SWMM

www.xpsoftware.ca For more information,

circle reply card No. 145

Spring Conference Preview .Water Enviranmeiit Association of ^

Ontario

WEAO Technical Symposium

tSi

and OPCEA Exhibition 2002

OPCE4

Hamilton, Ontario, April 21 - 23, 2002

In a break from tradition,this con from Dr. Patrick Moore, an activ

cal treatment systems, this session will present development and design of pi lot and full-scale biological processes

ist in the international environmen

for wastewater treatment and process

ference will include a presentation

tal movement for more than 30 years.

He will reveal the myths and misinfor

adjustments.

mation that distort current environmen

This year's conference includes a full session specifically dedicated to odour control topics.

tal debates.

The Ontario Pollution Control Equip ment Association expects over 100 member companies to come together to exhibit their equipment and services for the water and wastewater industry.

Operations Challenge See some of the best wastewater collection

and treatment personnel in North America display their expertise during the PWO Operations Challenge.

Odour Control

Collection and Stormwater Management

This is the continuation of a two-part session.

Advanced Treatment

Many advances in technologies and ap proaches are being developed to allow a high level of treatment to be achieved in a cost-effective manner.

Operations

flows issues.

Monday,April 22

PWO Workshop

Collection and Stormwater

Basic fundamentals,concepts and theo ries will be presented, along with case studies. The 2002PWO Workshop will focus on issues faced by operators try ing to maintain plant performance dur ing times of significant capital work improvements or organizational restruc turing.

This is a timely issue for operators as many facilities are currently being upgraded,or about to experience signifi cant upgrades.

Operation of the biological process can, at times, be a challenging task. To ad dress the possible improvements in op eration and performance of the biologi

as major biosolids producers are find ing new ways to beneficially reuse their biosolids through land application. Re search, application and full-scale expe rience will be presented on alternative stabilization technologies, the removal of toxic contaminants, and sludge dewaterability.

Be prepared to learn about Best Prac tices for wastewater management for municipalities, new and improved utili ties management,innovative methods of operator training and the investigation/ demonstration of facility capacities and benchmarking.

(Halton).

Biological Treatment

standards for biosolids at the same time

Treatment

enue WWTP (Hamilton), the Guelph Wastewater Treatment Facility (Guelph), and the Skyway WWTP

This is the first of a two-part session.

CSO control case studies are popular this year, as are case studies related to the hydraulics and management ofsew age collection trunk sewers.

Biosolids Management

The public is demanding higher quality

Utility Management and

Industry experts will discuss effective upgrades to achieve down stream proc ess improvements,reductions in energy consumption, and address wet weather

Management

This is the first of a two-part session.

The integration of operational data,con trol systems, and management informa tion has been an area of dynamic growth and innovation in recent years.

Preliminary and Primary

Plant Tours Tours will include the Woodward Av

Tuesday,April 23 Information Systems

New Technologies and Research

Can bioaugmentation solve your plant's nitrification challenges, with little addi tional tankage? Can the settleability of your secondary sludge be improved and controlled?

Information Systems

This is the continuation of a two-part session.

Biosolids Management

This is the continuation of a two-part session.

Watershed Management and Small Community Issues

This session will feature examples of watershed and wetland assessment,

coiiSIKmOs^

compliance, protection and manage ment. Through case studies, the expe riences of consultants and municipali

CONCRETE & MASONRY RESTORATION

We are looking for entrepreneurs, motivated to own and operate locations in every province in Canada and every state in the USA. We are a restoration company that has new technology products for the repair and restoration of

ties will be examined.

concrete/masonry.

April 22, at the WEAO Conference.

Tom Davey,ES&E Publisher, will chair a panel of industry leaders.

For registration details, contact Francesca Davino,Tel:(905)726-1300, Fax: (905) 726-2300, Web site:

We need take-charge individuals, to become established dealers with major companies, for ongoing business, to service and complete contracted repairs and restoration.

94 Copernicus Blvd., Brantford, Ontario, N3P 1N4 Tel:(905) 803-0647, Fax:(905)803-0660, E-mail: sannor74@hotmail.com

Consultants' Forum A Consultants' session will be held on

www.weao.org.

34

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Spring Conference Preview

10th Canadian National Conference

and 1st Policy Forum on Drinking Water From Source to Tap - Protecting Drinking Water Quaiity in Small Systems April 27 - 30, 2002 Westin Nova Scotian Hotel, Halifax, Nova Scotia

The Canadian Water and

Wastewater Association's

three day Conference and Policy Forum opens with two plenary sessions, followed by parallel technical sessions and policy forums, with a closing wrap-up plenary session.

There will be 45 oral presentations, 15 poster presentations,three policy forums on the Future Regulatory Framework, Financing Utiiity Infrastructure and Op erations, and Canadian Research Activi

ties and Needs, and a public forum on Assuring Safe Private Water Supplies.

Saturday,April 27 2:00-8:00 p.m.- Registration 7:00-9:00 p.m.- Opening Reception Sunday,April 28 Plenary Session 1: Keynote Address The keynote speaker will be Dr. Jamie Bartram, Geneva-based WHO

Session El:

Policy Forum - The Future Regulatory Environment. Part I: What are the pres sures? What are the options? What is being considered?

Session B2:

Disinfection - Part II

Session A2:

Treatment Technology and Management

Session FX:

DBFs

Session F2:

Source Protection

Policy Forum - The Future Regulatory

Public Forum:

Assuring Safe Private Water Supplies This forum will provide an overview of: typical water-borne disease and con taminants found in private wells, of re quirements and practices for the loca tion, construction and protection of pri vate wells, and of the use of POU/POE devices.

Environment. Part 2: What role for ac

creditation programs? Will these ad dress the issue of public confidence?

Tuesday,April 30 Session Gl:

Small System Issues and Needs - Part I Policy Forum 2: Financing Utility Infrastructure and Operations

Monday,April 29

Session HI:

Session Cl: Outbreaks and Endemic Illness - Part I Session C2:

Coordinator of the Water Sanitation and

Health Program. His keynote address

Session E2:

Session Al;

Microbiological Water Quality

Canadian Research Activities and Needs

Distribution Systems

- what are the priorities?

will cover the international issues of

Session Dl:

drinking water and the evolving WHO drinking water program focussing on the

Outbreaks and Endemic Illness - Part II

HAACP technique.

Plenary Session 2: The Changing Regulatory Framework

Security and Liability

Session D2: Session El: Disinfection - Part I

Low Cost, Long Life

Small System Issues and Needs - Part II Policy Forum 3:

For registration, see the CWWA web site: www.cwwa.ca. For more informa

tion, contact Ida Tsui, CWWA, Tel: (613) 747-0524, E-mail: admin® cwwa.ca.

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Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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35

ACTIFLO® FOR

INTERNALIFT® ENCLOSED

CSO/SSO TREATMENT

SCREW PUMP

The

ACTIFLO

process for CSO/SSO treatment

is

a

clarification system

world. Available in a wide

that utilizes micro-

range of capacities, the Internalift pump can lift more than 35,000 gpm and has the highest pumping efficiency of any screw pump on the market.

Continuously welded flights form the interior ofthe pump cylinder, and the cylinder turns as a single unit. This design offers a variety ofbenefits over other types of pumps - no leakage, no friction, no jam ming, no plugging. Far less maintenance is required, and the enclosed design minimizes safety, odor and weather concerns. Installation is easy.

sand as a seed for floe

formation.

Vlicrosand-ballasted floe allows for compact clarifier designs that have system footprints between 5 and 50 times smaller than conventional physical/chemical zlarification systems of similar capacity.

Furthermore, it only requires a fraction of the space zompared to CSO storage facilities. Ideal forTSS,

BOD and Total P reduction,

fohn Meunier Products

514.334.7230 phone 514.334.5070fax

Circle reply card

USFilter

No. 270

Aww.usfilter.com

The Internalift pump is the most widely used fully enclosed screw pump in the

Circle reply card

800.547.1202 508.347.7049fax

THE EMU ROTOX® SYSTEM

No. 271

water_info@usfilter.com e-mail www.usfilter.com

USFilter Davis Products introduces

the

EMU

THE LINK-BELT

Rotox Self Aspirating Jet Aeration System for use in CSO installa

tions. The system con sists of: robust EMU

Submersible Pump, heavy-duty nozzle and Venturi piping, and custom-engineered basin layout config urations for self-cleaning action. The pump and dis charge nozzles are located in the middle of the spe cially sloped basin to ensure self-cleaning action as the discharge flow from the pump returns down the slope. The high discharge velocity of the flow extends to the end of the basin where the floor to wall radius elevates the flow and divides it in halffor the

return trip to the sump under the pump.The return flow has enough velocity to "wash" the floor of the basin down into the sump. The action of the Rotox system is sufficient to mix and aerate the full basin until it can be pumped down and processed through conventional treatment methods.

Davis Products

800.841.1550

Circle reply card

229.227.1661 fax

272

www.usfilter.com

COG RAKE BAR SCREEN The Link-Belt Cog Rake

Bar

Screen

incorporates an artic ulating rake arm to remove flow debris

that has been cap tured on a bar rack.

The rake arm is driven by means of a cog wheel and pin rack design. A guide track system moves the rake into the bottom of the bar rack and removes the cap tured debris as it ascends to the discharge chute. The rake arm is designed such that lodged objects, that would typically shut down a screen, are passed over allowing the cleaning cycle to continue. The rugged design makes the Cog Rake suitable for a wide range of applications in widths up to 30 feet. Optional motor enclosure is available for applicadons where the drive may be momentarily submerged.

John Meunier Products

514.334.7230 phone 514.334.5070fax

Circle reply card No. 273

www.usfilter.com

HYDROVEX® RDS

HYDROVEX® SFT

ROTARY DRUM SIEVE

SEDIMENT FLUSHING TANK

The HYDROVEX RDS

The HYDROVEX SFT

drum sieve is specifically designed to remove float-

is designed to clean the sediments, grit and

ables in CSO events. The

debris out of CSO/SSO/

HYDROVEX RDS sieve

Stormwater

is designed with 3 mm, 4 mm or 5 mm slotted openings. This configuration offers a very high filtering surface while maintaining a large flowrate capacity (up to 272 CPS per unit).

To minimize solids handling and maintenance, rotating brushes return the sieved material directly to the sewer. The brushes provide a complete and reliable cleaning of the drum surface. A clean sieve surface is presented to the flow by the rotating cleaning of the drum surface. The installation of the HYDROVEX RDS is very flexible: it can be installed on an emergency overflow, on an overflow

tanks. Of considerable

retention

lower capital and main tenance

cost

than

methods,

the

HYDROVEX SFT units are in operation across

weir or in a CSO/SSO retention tank.

North America.

John Meunier Products

John Meunier Products

514.334.7230 phojie

other

HYDROVEX SFT is designed to tip automatically with no external energy. The total water content of the HYDROVEX SFT is released instantly in the chamber, creating a powerful high velocity wave.

The action of this wave produces a shear stress on the floor of the tank which will flush away the sed iments and debris to a sump at the end of the tank.

Made of long-lasting stainless steel, more than 350

514.334.7230 phone

514.334.5070fax

Circle reply card

514.334.5070fax

Circle reply card

www.usfiiter.com

No.274

www.usfilter.com

^0.275

STORMWATER ISSUES? WE'VE GOT YOU COVERED.

USk You can meet major stormwater events with greater peace

of mind with the help of USFilter. Choosing from the industry's broadest array of technologies, we can create

cost-effective, site-specific systems to prevent or mitigate combined sewet overflows (CSOs) even under extreme

Learn more at our new web site,

www.usfilter.com.

conditions. Wet weather issues ate an increasing problem for millions of Americans. In response, we have created a special group to work with consultants, municipalities and others in developing and implementing solutions. For more information, check our special CSO website at www.sewer-overflow.com, call 1.800.547.1202 or email water info@usfdter.com.

.Vivendi For more information, circle reply card No. 276(See page 25)

water company

Instrumentation and Control

Automation and information management for today's water and wastewater treatment

Today's water and wastewater

ible in terms of the reports the system can generate. This allows the use of offthe-shelf information management tools to save on implementation time and sim plify long-term support and maintenance of the information management system.

In addition to increased productivity, system efficiency and reductions in an nual operating costs,facility automation and information management systems can help water and wastewater treatment

system managers are faced with the demands of rapid growth, higher water quality standards, more complex treatment tech nologies,increasing levels offacility au

tomation, labour-intensive document

management procedures and the chal lenges of the information technology age. A state-of-the-art facility automa tion and information management sys tem can be designed to address these issues. Such systems allow for better process control and performance, im proved operator efficiency, reduced op erating costs, increased safety and im proved water quality.

A web browser-based,flexible infor

mation management system may in clude information on such areas as plant instrumentation data, online operating

By Tony Petrucci, P.Eng., CH2M HILL Canada Limited

plants realize the following benefits:

and maintenance manuals, equipment maintenance information, technical in

formation on control systems, graphical depictions of processes and equipment, and annual compliance reports.

The facility automation and infomation management system is an open in formation system and, unlike most pro prietary SCADA systems, is very flex-

• communication improvements among operations and maintenance staff; • the elimination of errors from paperbased documents,since daily analyti cal readings are transferred directly to the database;

• better organization of documents; • one source of information;

• more uniform procedures; • automated monthly regulatory proce dures;

• easily assessable vendor information; • reduced documentation and document

maintenance costs;

Effective Solutions for Potable Water, Wastewater, Leachate Storage and Industrial Storage.

• efficiency monitoring reports that aid in scheduling maintenance; • chemical usage reports; and • increased morale and teamwork.

Too often, discussions on facility automation focus on concerns about

unattended operation, the reduction or

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elimination of human resources in criti

cal functions and perceived increases in risk for the general public. With the right philosophy toward the facility automation process, such negative con sequences can be prevented. Although based on the tools of technology, facil ity automation and information manage ment systems are most successful when designed to treat the human operator as the key and most important element of the water or wastewater treatment

system.

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38

For more information, circle reply card No. 149 (See page 25)

A properly applied facility automa tion and information management sys tem will enable a range ofimprovements and create efficiencies in system per formance. It will also provide employ ees with greater potential for profes sional growth and learning, due to the new skills and knowledge required for plant operation and maintenance.

For more information, circle reply card No. 150 Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Drinking Water

Biological iron and manganese removai as a viable alternative for groundwater treatment

Groundwater is an important

FERAZUR

source of municipal drinking water for many small and

MANGAZUR

CHLORINE INJECTION

medium-sized communities RESERVOIR

in Canada. Many favour groundwater

UlSTRlBinjQ

WELL #1

over surface water because of its excel

lent and consistent quality, and because, generally, it requires little or no treat ment before consumption. Unfortu nately, many groundwater supplies are contaminated by varying levels of iron and manganese in concentrations that exceed the Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines. Although they have no negative effects on human health and the established limits for these elements are

only aesthetic objectives(AO),the pres ence of iron and manganese in munici pal potable water sources can be linked to the following problems: • Staining of kitchen and bathroom fix

NETVDR

i| WELL #2

llM

Figure 1. Waterloo, QC, Ferazur, Mangazut® Filtration System cause of its ability to foul, stain, and dis colour.

tures.

• Biofouling in distribution networks (causing taste and odour problems).

• Staining of laundry.

•Problems in the manufacturing or treat ment of industrial products such as pulp and paper, textiles, petrochemi cals, etc.

• Fouling of heat exchangers and boil ers.

• Colour and taste problems in tap water with high concentrations.

Even though small amounts of iron and manganese are necessary for human health, the aesthetic and economic con

sequences have motivated many munici palities to invest in treatment systems that remove these metals from their well sources.

Conventional iron removal systems Various chemical oxidants can be

used to oxidize and precipitate iron and manganese from water, thus allowing them to be filtered. However, the rate

of reaction is highly influenced by sev eral factors including the concentration of the metal, the pH, the temperature of the water, the presence of other ions that are easily oxidized, and the presence of inhibiting elements and/or complex sub stances like humic acids, polyphosphates, and silica.

Any combination of these factors can significantly slow the oxidation of iron and/or manganese by mineral oxidants or by specific catalyzing media like green sand and manganese sand. For

Iron and manganese when present in a ground source are generally found in their chemically reduced or soluble

the removal of iron, often an intense

form. In this state, the metals do not

by conventional single or dual media filters. The oxidation of manganese by oxygen alone is very slow, but the reac tion is catalyzed by the presence of pre viously oxidized manganese (manga nese dioxide). The use of strong oxi dants such as ozone and potassium per manganate allow the reaction to take place in a reasonable length of time.

Conventional iron and manganese removal systems have been used in Canada for years with varying degrees of success but some have the following

present any problems. However, when the metals come in

contact with oxygen in the air or other

oxidants, they pass to their oxidized or

precipitated form.

This oxidized form

is problematic be-

By Paul Williams, ONDEO Degremont

BACKWASH V/ATER WELL

• They require frequent backwashing.

• They often require the use and han dling of strong oxidants.

• They do not always produce a satis factory effluent quality.

• The filtration rates are limited, mak

ing the equipment large and expensive.

With the advent of biological filtra tion for iron and manganese removal in Canada, municipalities are able to over come most of the problems associated Continued overleaf

ESG

INTERNATIONAL

mm UTtONS

aeration with a brief contact time will oxidize the iron and render it filterable

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TIMMINS TORONTO

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inconveniences:

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

For more information, circie repiy card No. 176

Drinking Water

RemediAid Total Petroleum Soil Hydrocarbon

Table 1. Woodstock, New Brunswick Biological Water Filtration System 10'(3.0 m) each Two (2) 1200 usgpm (273 m%) 100 psi (680 kPa) 0.7-1.0 mg/1 0.02 - 0.03 mg/1 Once every three weeks

Filter diameter Number of filters

Plant capacity Operating pressure Raw water manganese concentration Treated water manganese concentration Backwash frequency

Anal\

with conventional iron and manganese removal systems.

Naturally occurring bacteria, when placed in the right environment and given the appropriate oxidation-reduc

tion potential are able to catalyze the

USEPA

Validated

and Highly

oxidation of iron and manganese. These bacteria, which are already found in most iron and manganese containing wells, allow the simultaneous oxidation and filtration of these metals at rates two

ter adequately,the biological system was able to operate at higher filtration rates, had a lower capital cost, and operated without any chemical addition. It was the ability to operate without chemicals that was particularly important for sen timental reasons, because for over 100 years the town's water had been "chemi cal free."

After the pilot study, the new Man-

gazur® filtration system supplied by

• Portable

to four times higher than conventional systems. These 'biological filters' must be backwashed periodically to remove the accumulated metal oxides, but oth

• Safe

erwise can be operated indefinitely. The

ONDEO Degremont Ltd. (of Dorval, QC)was installed in the newly expanded well house. The new system consisted of two, ten foot diameter pressure fil ters filled with the specially designed

systems also allow for the elimination

filter media "Biolite." It was equipped

of afl strong oxidants, and they have

with a raw water backwash system and control panel(the biological process al lows the backwashing of the filters with raw water in certain cases). The system

• Fast

Rated

• Cost Effective

• Easy to Use RemediAid™

determines TPH

across a wide range of soil types and petroleum products.

The system can run eight con current tests with the potential to run 16 tests in an hour. It can be used to measure aro

matic petrolum hydrocarbons including BTEX, PAH, diesel, gasoline, brent crude and

lubricating oil. No pipetting skills or measuring necessary and contact with reagents is

much lower backwash requirements, resulting in reduced backwash water quantities.

Case study 1: Woodstock, New Brunswick In the mid 1990s, an intensifying manganese problem in its well water forced the town of Woodstock, New Brunswick to begin looking at manga nese removal systems. To compare the performance and operating costs of the

different units, the town decided to pilot test several technologies including green sand, ozone, and a biological system.

Although all the systems were able to remove the manganese from the wa

was designed with automatic valves and sensors to limit operator intervention during operation and backwashing.

After a short five-week seeding pe riod, manganese removal efficiency had reached 90%, and the concentration of

manganese in the filtered water was,and continues to be, 0.02 - 0.03 mg/1 which is lower than the Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines Aesthetic Objective of 0.05 mg/1.

Since the installation of the Wood

stock system, two other municipalities

minimal.

For more information about this

ACTUATORS

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or

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TROY-ONTOR )Inc. Fox: 1-888-835-2847

E-mail:troy-ontor@troy-ontor.ca For more information, circle reply card No. 152 (See page 25)

Drinking Water Table 2. Waterloo, Quebec Biological Filtration System

in New Brunswick have installed bio

logical manganese removal filters for the treatment of their potable well water.

Case study 2: Waterloo, Quebec The town of Waterloo, Quebec, had struggled for years with iron and man ganese problems in the two wells that feed the town's distribution network.

10'(3.0 m)each Two (2) 760 usgpm (172 m®/h) 100 psi (680 kPa) 0.6-1.71 mg/1 0.0 - 0.04 mg/1 0.26 - 0.45 mg/1 0.02 - 0.03 mg/1 Once every 2 - 3 weeks

Filter diameter Number of filters

Plant capacity Operating pressure Raw water iron concentration

Treated water iron concentration

Raw water manganese concentration Treated water manganese concentration Backwash frequency

The municipality decided to study four different treatment methods including a UV/ozone system, conventional green sand filters, a system using potassium eluded an intermediate aeration column permanganate with an oxidation tower, to adjust the pH and provide oxygen to the process. Although the seeding proc and also biological filtration.

A pilot study was carried out using ess for the two filters was slightly longer than anticipated, the plant reached full the biological system, and, after a sub sequent economic evaluation, this sys efficiency 15 weeks after start-up. tem proved to be lower in capital and The concentrations of iron and manoperating costs than the other systems. -ganese at the outlet of the full-scale plant The elimination of chemical oxidants are both significantly lower than the and the high filtration rates used in the Canadian Drinking Water Quality biological system strongly influenced Guidelines of0.3 mg/1 for iron and 0.05 the outcome of the economic evaluation. mg/1 of manganese.

Even though the biological system The presence of both iron and man ganese in the water required the use of was not designed for turbidity removal, two biological filtration steps: one for during periods of high surface influence the removal of iron and another for the

in one of the wells where the raw water

removal of manganese. The system in-

turbidity was as high as 12.8 NTU,the

turbidity reduction was excellent and the filtered water turbidity was below 2 NTU (85% reduction). This was achieved without the use of any coagu lant which was felt to be an impressive achievement for a single media pressure filter. During normal operation the tur bidity is below 0.5 NTU at the filter outlet.

The biological system has great po tential for small- and medium-sized

communities because of the low capital and operating costs, simple operation without chemical addition, and the sta

ble, reliable quality of treated water.

For more information, circle reply card No. 183

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For more information, circle reply card No. 154 (See page 25)

41

Site Remediation

Emerging trend toward superimposing private remedies on existing regulations

Anarticle in the January 2001

issue of this magazine re ported on the case of Tridan Developments Ltd. v. Shell Canada Products Ltd.(Ontario Superior Court of Justice, May 2000). The Tridan case is noteworthy because it shows an emerging trend toward superimposing private remedies on the existing (and declining) regulatory framework for environmental protection. The case was appealed. This article reports on the de cision of the appeal court.

A review of the

leaked from an underground fuel line on Shell's property. Shell undertook clean up in accordance with government soil remediation guidelines, but did not re move all of the contaminated soil and

3,000 litres of gas were unaccounted for.

In August 1991,Tridan discovered sub surface contamination on its property, which was caused by migration of gas from Shell's property.

Tridan brought an action against Shell; and framed its case in the com mon law doctrine of nuisance. Conse

court upheld the award of$550,000, but

quently, the polluter had a duty to en

denied the award of $350,000. In doing so, this court rejected Shell's argument that govemment soil remediation guide lines represent a reasonable standard to apply to commercial property that is

sure that it did not cause contamination

shows that Shell op erated a gas station adjacent to Tridan's car dealership. In September 1990, 9,000 litres of gas

of neighbouring land and, being unsuc cessful in this, must make good the dam age that ensued from the spill. Tridan was awarded $550,000 for cleaning up its property to pristine condition,

Barrister & Solicitor

dition was unreasonable, and that there

is no loss of property value after clean up to pristine condition. The appeal

facts of the case

By Ayoub A. Ali, M.Sc., LL.B.,

terruption loss, and $85,000 for erect ing a subsurface bamier to prevent mi gration from the continuing contamina tion on Shell's property.

Shell appealed the award of$550,000 for clean-up costs and $350,000 for loss of property value (Ontario Court of Ap peal, January 2002). It argued that clean-up to the standard of pristine con

contaminated, but otherwise unaffected

by the contamination for the purpose it

$350,000 for loss of property value due

serves.

to stigma associated with contamina tion, $25,000 for additional mortgage financing costs,$20,000 for business in

The appeal court relied instead on the common law standard for injury to land: where a product that may cause mischief

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Site Remediation

escapes to a neighbour's property there is responsibility "for all the damage which is the natural consequence of its escape." It concluded that the damage to Tridan's property would not be elimi nated by clean-up to the standard of gov ernment guidelines, and required clean up to pristine condition. It then denied the award for loss of property value be

remediation guidelines and may justify the declining regulatory framework for environmental protection. This is be cause it is more advantageous for inno cent, affected parties to seek reparation against polluters privately on the grounds of the well-established common law doctrine of nuisance than to rely on enforcement of regulations by environ

cause this would be reduced or elimi

mental officers.

nated by clean-up to pristine condition.

The requirement for clean-up to pris

It also affects many government in centive programs for brownfield devel opment, which rely on clean-up to the standard of government guidelines and environmental liability insurance. Pur

tine condition in this case has substan

tial implications because conditions were favourable for a lower standard to

be applied. Tridan's property is used for commercial purposes on a busy thor oughfare and, as the appeal court noted, is unlikely to ever be a site for residen tial use. If, therefore, property is resi dential or has potential for residential use, then the higher standard would ap ply. If it is industrial and only has the potential for industrial use, then the lower standard may apply. The differ ence in cost between the lower and

higher standards may be staggering. It is $250,000 in the Tridan case.

This decision reduces significantly the relevance of government soil

forensic evidence can establish causa

tion. As landowners rely more heavily on private remedies for environmental protection,forensic evidence to identify point source pollution will become in creasingly important.

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In Tridan, Shell accepted responsi bility for contaminating Tridan's prop erty. If pollution is from a non-point source such that it is impossible to iden tify the polluter, the doctrine of nuisance is inapplicable because it would be im possible to prove the element of causa tion. If the pollution is from a point source but the source is disputed, then

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Cover Story

Treating oil in a maritime environment il pollution of water bodies is a universal problem but

Controlling ef fluent quality relies

few are aware that the Ca

on two elements,

O

nadian shipping regulations for the St. Lawrence Seaway and the

the oily water sepa

Great Lakes are said to be the most strin

concentration de

gent in the world with a 5 ppm limit.

The International Maritime Organi zation (IMG), a UN body, works with national authorities on pollution matters.

Pollution from oil in water is dealt with

in their marine pollution (Marpol)regu lations. In these regulations the test pro cedures for oily water separators as well as oil concentration detectors are spelled out. In simple terms, under IMG, oily water must be processed through ap

proved equipment and can be legally discharged if the oil content in the treated effluent is <15ppm. These regu lations also state that it is not permitted to use emulsifiers to hide oil in the ef fluent.

By Gernot Seebacher, Helmont Marine Inc.

rator and the oil

tector. The separa tion of oil from water

follows

physical laws, basi cally Stoke's law.

Gil concentration

detection is usually done with some

kind of light meas uring principle, most commonly a turbidity or light scattering measur ing system.

To separate the free oil from water, gravity enhanced separators can be used effectively. Gn a ship, storage space for oily water is limited and regular process ing is required to discharge the oily water mixture. The ship's movement

hampers processing as it interferes with the settling process. Therefore, coalescer type separators are used on ships, where the oleophylic/hydrophobic prop erties of the coalescer media increase the

separation efficiency of the oily water separator. Gn land, where space is a

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Cover Story Table 1; Stokes Law Calculations

smaller concern,larger static separators can be used where settling time takes over the role of the coalescer media.

Table 1 shows the time it takes for a

Oil Droplet Rise Time in water with spec, gravity of 1.0 Droplet Diameter (microns)

drop of oil to rise one foot in the water column. From these figures, it is evi dent that, after a given settling time, the effluent will contain oil drops below certain sizes. The larger drops separate out and form an oil film, which can be

removed by various means. Only the small droplets, which have insufficient

Time for Oil to Rise 1 Foot in Water (hr:min:sec)

Sp. Gr. 0.8

Sp. Gr. 0.9

Sp. Gr. 0.95

150

0:02:04

0:04:08

0:08:17

90

0:05:45

0:11:30

0:23:01

60

0:12:57

0:25:53

0:51:47

20

1:56:31

3:53:02

7:46:07

10

7:46:04

15:32:07

31:04:13

1

776:45:30

1553:31:00

3107:00:00

some basic rules of thumb worthwhile

The above discussion concentrates on free oil. This is the oil which causes

lesce, will remain suspended in the ef fluent water discharge. Looking at the

considering in oily water separation: • In general it is cheaper to prevent oil from getting into the effluent stream than

rise times in Table 1 it becomes evident

it is to remove it.

carbon content, i.e. emulsions, is more difficult to deal with and to measure, but

time to rise and are too small to coa

that any movement of the water, either through agitation or convection from heating or cooling, will affect the sepa ration efficiency, as the flow will entrain small oil droplets.

With conventional means it is possi ble to remove free oil from an oily water mixture, to < 15-ppm oil content.

Conventional,IMO certified oil content

meters accurately read free oil content

in the 0-30-ppm region, to prevent for mation of an oil film from treated oily water discharges.

In addition to the above there are

the formation of oil sheen on water, i.e.

the visible pollution. The hidden hydro

•While conventional wisdom states that

they do not form a visible oil sheen. As a rule, wherever there is an oily water mixture it comprises free oil and emul

oil and water do not mix, this no longer holds true, especially for lubricating oils, which either have detergents added or need to absorb water to prevent damage to machinery. These oils emulsify read ily and are difficult to remove when present as suspended droplets.

• Degree of difficulty in removing oil from water is not a linear but exponen tial relationship in regard to the number of contaminants present.

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Industrial Waste

Recycling gypsum and concrete, using pumps and mixers

In two distinct applications, a combination of Flygt pumps and mixers is being used to reclaim and ulti mately recycle industrial waste material. The first ap plication is for turning a mountain of synthetic gyp

sum created by a power plant into new wallboard. The sec ond application is for recycling returned concrete material and wastewater. In both cases, the mixers and pumps are working together to create and pump abrasive slurries.

Mixing and pumping gypsum The Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA) had a waste dis posal problem at their 260-MW Cumberland power station.

Since 1993, TVA had been dumping limestone (synthetic gypsum)from their flue gas desulfurization(FGD)system onto a vacant part of their property, resulting over the years in a 15 to 20 foot high, 80-acre mountain of gypsum.

To turn the waste disposal cost of getting rid of the gyp sum into an economic development opportunity, a threeparty venture, involving the power plant, an adjacent gypsum-processing plant, and a neighboring wallboard produc tion facility was created. Synthetic Materials, a firm en listed by the TVA, built a gypsum recovery plant on TVA's property to dewater the gypsum produced by the FGD proc ess, and sell it to a neighbouring wallboard plant, so turning a profit on a previously unused product.

Slurry rafting To overcome the occasional shortfalls in raw material

when one or both units at the power plant were off line.

Synthetic Materials purchased a raft system from ITT Flygt to obtain additional gypsum from the 80-acre stockpile. The raft consists of a Flygt Model 5540 submersible abrasion resistant slurry pump and a Flygt Model 4660 submersible mixer. The 5540 abrasion resistant pump incorporates a 20 HP submersible motor mounted on a wet end, consisting of a split volute with a replaceable high chrome liner insert and a highly efficient, technologically advanced impeller specially designed for slurry pumping.

The 4660 mixer uses a state-of-the-art direct drive mo

tor and high chrome propeller in conjunction with an inte gral jet ring for increased efficiency. The raft is located in a flooded pit inside the gypsum pile. The concept uses the submersible 4660 mixer to create a gypsum slurry consist ing of 20% solids, which is then moved by the submersible

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The 4660 Mixer.

5540 slurry pump to the cyclones for dewatering.

Because of the complex rheology of the gypsum slurry, Flygt was provided with a sample of the gypsum material to test at their mixing laboratory in Trumbull, Connecticut.

Flygt scientists were able to offer the proper mixing recom mendation based on this testing, and the equipment is said to have performed flawlessly.

The stockpile now accounts for a significant portion of the gypsum plant's input of raw material and has helped Synthetic Materials meet production goals. Gypsum processing has slim profit margins,so it needs reliable, highinput volume to boost the bottom line. The factors have to be such that the gypsum can be processed and delivered at a better cost than the next low cost source. Flygt provided Synthetic Materials with a cost-effective solution they needed to make their process profitable.

Reclaiming unused concrete Harbor Ready Mix was founded in 1985. Located about 40 miles south of San Francisco, this concrete plant can pro duce 100 yards of ready mix an hour - for a total of 55,000 to 85,000 cubic yards a year.

Harbor Ready Mix previously disposed of returned con crete at a nearby concrete reclaim center that converts it into road base. Disposing of the returned mix,ranging from 5 yards up to 30 yards a day, presented a significant cost of doing business. Reducing the ongoing expense was a pri mary incentive for creating a recycling system at this plant.

Complying with environmental regulations In addition to reducing disposal expense, a reclamation system would also help Harbor Ready Mix comply with California's increasingly stringent environmental regula tions. Some five years ago, the EPA enacted tougher rules that subject California's batch plant operators to a permit process and holds them accountable for all water used in the operations. Complying with the stricter regulations, agEnvironmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Industrial Waste

gravated by increasingly frequent water shortages,furtherjustified the sys tem. Reclamation required the segre

gation of the sand, gravel, and grey water from unused concrete. Requirements dictated that all recovered concrete in

gredients be recycled, including all grey water, typically the most difficult to contain and reuse.

Contained within a closed-loop sys tem, the grey water would ultimately be reintroduced and mixed with municipal water at a controlled rate to achieve an

plant comply with increasingly stringent environmental regulations aimed at con trolling runoff of tainted stormwater from industrial properties.

The system also eliminates the rou tine clean out of the square holding ponds common at this and other batch

plants. The open pits filled over time with hardened cemetious sludge and had to be scooped out with a front loader every six to eight weeks. The material was too alkaline for use as shoreline fill, so it was either hauled to the reclaim

center, carefully designated spot fills or to a landfill.

Flarbor Ready Mix expects to save most of the $30,000 to $35,000 a year that was previously paid to dispose of retumed concrete. The system enables them to recycle virtually all of the re tumed mix and the greywater accumu lated from flushing the mixers and wash ing the trucks. They project recovery of their investment within four to five years.

For more information, circle reply card No. 164

acceptable specific gravity for subse quent batches of concrete. The rest would be filtered and reused at the head

Pick Your Poison

end of the reclaimer for flushing and washing the fleet of returning trucks.

The recycling process begins when drivers dump their returned concrete into a "rapid reclaimer" whose trommel screen separates sand from gravel for immediate transfer back to the plant.

The remaining cementious slurry and

contaminated soil

foul air

polluted water

ultraflne particles carbon dioxide NOx

associated water used to flush and wash

aerosols

the trucks flows by gravity through two 6-inch diameter pipes into the first of three open pits.

heat stress

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Model 4660 ITT Flygt mixers, com monly used in wastewater treatment plants, are mounted in adjacent comers of Pit #1. Operating at 580 RPM and mnning on an alternating cycle, the mix ers keep the cementious solids in suspen sion within the 10,000 gallon pit. Some of the slurry is gravity fed through filters into Pit#2 and subsequently Pit#3 where the clarified water is then pumped back to the head end of the reclaim process.

The majority of the stored greywater is drawn from Pit #1 by an 8-HP Model 2102 Flygt submersible pump and fed back to the plant through a 3-inch line.

The recycled greywater is then mixed with either municipal or clarified water from Pit #3 at a controlled ration to keep it compatible with the specifications of the current batch of mix being blended at the plant.

In addition to saving disposal charges incurred in the past for returned con crete, the system should help the batch

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47

Arctic Ecosystem

WWF leaders Join forces to combat threats against the Arctic rine,freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.

• By 2010, conserve or restore viable nations met in Toronto, populations of such wide-ranging wild September 7, to outline life species as caribou, muskoxen,bears, plans to deal with major threats facing wolves, wolverine, walrus, whales and the Arctic, and to commit to firm meas migratory waterbirds. ures to preserve the pristine Arctic • By 2010, reduce CO,emissions in in ecoregions. The leaders were: Kim dustrialized countries to 10% below Carstensen (Denmark), Igor Chestin 1990 levels, as a first step to reducing (Russia), Ami Finsson (Iceland), this major threat to the Arctic's sensi Rasmus Hansson (Norway), Monte tive ecosystems.

Hummel (Canada), Lars Kristoferson (Sweden),Time Tanninen (Finland), and Brooks Yeager(USA). orld Wildlife Fund lead

W

ers from the eight Arctic

As revealed in a United Nations

Environment Program map showing the 25 largest remaining wilderness areas in this region, the Arctic contains the larg est inhabited natural ecosystems left on earth. These are critical for many of the earth's key physical and chemical proc esses - ocean currents, freshwater sup ply, moderating climate - which form •By 2007,eliminate or dramatically re the very cornerstone of life on earth.

But these fragile ecosystems now duce the levels of 30 of the most haz ardous industrial chemicals and pesti face major accelerating threats; inter nally from oil and gas development, cides found in the Arctic.

Monte Hummel, CEO of WWFpipelines, mining and roads, and exter nally from climate change and toxic Canada,said:"Development has already pollution. Polar bears are struggling for degraded most of the world's pristine survival on rapidly thinning ice, and the habitats, so the Arctic is one of our last high levels of toxins in their bodies are chances to put conservation first." Igor causing reproductive and immune sys Chestin, CEO of WWR-Russia, stated tem problems. The migration of vast that:"Arctic countries whose very back caribou herds is now threatened by plans yards are at risk from global warming, must take the lead in tackling climate for major pipelines and roads. change by being among the first to im WWF leaders resolved to help ac complish the following Arctic conser plement and ratify the Kyoto Protocol." vation targets: Lars Kristoferson, CEO of WWE•In cooperation with northern residents, Sweden,said:"Toxic chemicals threaten Arctic wildlife and the people who de complete by 2010 a circumarctic net pend on them. In May, over 90 nations work of protected areas, covering ma

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September 2002 to ensure rapid imple mentation."

"The fight to protect the Arctic Na tional Wildlife Refuge is an urgent ex ample of what is at stake," said Brooks Yeager of WWF-US. "The American

people don't want to sacrifice the wil derness, wildlife and human heritage of this area for six month's supply of oil."

On Wednesday, September 19, WWE-Canada conveyed over 10,000 letters from concerned Canadians to US

President George W. Bush, copied to Prime Minister Chretien and the US Am

bassador to Canada, Paul Celucci, ask

ing them to do everything in their power not to allow industrial development in the Alaskan Arctic National Wildlife

Refuge.

The Board of Directors of the World

Wildlife Eund US,at its annual meeting in Washington, DC, on September 25, unanimously approved the following statement: "Recognizing the gravity of the national security situation affecting the United States and all Americans, we

applaud the effort ofPresident Bush and the Congress to mobilize our national response to the terrible events of Sep tember 11.

"In this time of national need, we

should put aside unrelated and divisive issues and focus on strengthening our national security and protecting the safety of all Americans. Now is the time for unity, not the pursuit of narrow ends.

"We therefore express dismay at the efforts of some to rush to Senate

approval a complex package of en ergy legislation that has not yet been considered by the appropriate com mittees of the Senate. This legisla tion (H.R.4), approved in the House earlier in the summer, has been pro

posed as an amendment to the Defense Authorization bill currently

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signed the Stockholm Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)Convention, a global agreement which will rein in and ulti mately halt the proliferation of POP chemicals. We urge the world's coun tries to ratify the Convention before

under discussion in the Senate.

"The terrorist attacks our nation has suffered should not be used to

prematurely cut off debate on the many difficult energy policy issues

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Arctic Ecosystem raised by H.R. 4. Increasing subsidies to US energy com panies will not increase our safety nor will relaxing envi ronmental rules or drilling the Arctic National Wildlife Ref uge. However,these and other provisions of H.R. 4, would, if enacted, result in unnecessary environmental damage to

implications of these energy policy issues as part of an or derly process of the consideration of energy matters, rather than in midst of the present crisis."

Contact Peter Ewins,WWE-Canada,Tel:(416)489-5767, E-mail: pewins@wwfcanada.org.

our nation.

"As a nation, we hold only 3% of the world's reserves of oil, yet we consume almost 25% of the world's daily pro duction. As long as this is the case, we will remain depend ent on world oil markets, and we will pay the world price for oil, whether it is produced domestically or abroad. The safest and fastest way to increase our energy security is to improve the energy efficiency of our cars, trucks, homes,

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non-petroleum sources of energy in our economy.

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49

Water Supplies

Victoria's strategy when facing the drought

During 2001, there was a

severe water shortage in Victoria's Capital Regional District (CRD); this was a

situation unlike anything the region had previously experienced.

The CRD Water Department is re sponsible for the supply, treat ment and delivery of bulk drinking water to the greater Victoria area, the second larg est municipal water system in

drought management plan for decisive action in three key areas. These actions were:

• The imposition of severe outdoor wa

draw from that.

CRD Water Department wanted to avoid this scenario, not only because of the costs, but water had never been

ter use restrictions in all of the Greater

drawn for the North end and it was un

Victoria water supply area. Stage 3 re strictions had never been imposed before.

known if water quality would be com promised.

We had to

residents.

Stage 3 Restrictions The first thing we needed to do was to impose the out door watering restrictions.

BC. These combined munici

palities represent a population of about 315,000 people. Vic toria is also renowned as the

City of Gardens.

The Capital Region draws all of its supply from above ground reservoirs, primarily

The weather and the restric

tions hurt some businesses

such as landscapers and pres sure washer companies, but others such as bulk water sup pliers, well diggers, and mi cro-irrigation people ben

from the Sooke Reservoir,

which has a capacity of 12 bil lion gallons. The delivery ca pacity is approximately 100 MIGD. The Goldstream Res

efited.

The Sooke reservoir in scenic Victoria, BC.

ervoir serves as back-up and has a ca pacity of 2.2 billion gallons.

The Victoria area depends on rain fall to fill its reservoirs. While it nor

mally gets about 1,210 mm(48")of rain during the winter months, rainfall dur ing the 2000/2001 winter was about half of this amount - the lowest rainfall

since 1900. This lack of rainfall dropped reservoir levels by over 30% from the normal.

Water usage during the summer months is usually double the winter us age. On a ten year average, usage runs

• Capture and divert sources in the watershed that were not normally used (Charters River).

• A major public awareness campaign to encourage water conservation outside

valve or with a hand-held container, or

tion of the Provincial Government.

using a micro-irrigation or drip-irriga tion system within set hours.

• Hand washing of cars or boats is per mitted only when using a hand-held hose

The overall goal of this three pronged approach was to reduce water use by 25-

container.

30% from normal summer use numbers.

mer months. To add additional chal

In 1998, the Sooke Reservoir fell below

lenges, the normal summer rainfall, which is only about 90 mm (3.5"), was even less during the summer of 2001.

the three billion-gallon level (25% of capacity), with turbidity occasionally exceeding 1 NTU. It was estimated that even with a water consumption reduc

What we did

Last March, the Sooke Reservoir was

only at 70% of ca pacity and Goldstream was only at 95% of capacity.

CRD Water Depart enacted

a

tion of 25-30% the reservoir would

likely drop below the four billion level required to ensure good water quality.

If all else failed there was also a con

tingency plan to pump the North (deep) end of the Sooke Reservoir.

The Sooke Reservoir is shaped like a spoon. The intake tower is on the shal low end (handle) of the reservoir. We normally take water from the top five to seven metres of the reservoir. The con

By Deborah Walker, Capital Regional District 50

time.

•Trees,shrubs and vegetable and flower gardens may be watered only when us ing a hand-held hose with a shut-off

dential use the campaign also targeted municipal,educational and commercial users. We also asked for the coopera

at about 52 MIGD in the critical sum

Sooke Reservoir normally fills and spills every year; this year it did not.

The by-law stated that: •Lawn watering is not permitted at any

and inside the home. In addition to resi

This was not only a matter of water quantity, but also one of water quality.

ment

make our

drought management plan work and the only way was with the cooperation of all

tingency plan called for us to place a temporary pumping station on a float ing barge in the deep end (bowl) and

with a shut-off valve or with a hand-held

• Residential swimming and wading pools or hot tubs, garden ponds or deco rative fountains may not be filled.

• Decorative fountains may not be oper ated unless they use recirculated water.

• Exterior windows, building surfaces, parking lots, driveways or sidewalks may not be washed with a hose.

By-Law Enforcement The first time offenders were issued

a letter of complaint. On the second offence a by-law enforcement officer visited the property to investigate the watering infraction, and the third time the officer issued a ticket. The mini

mum fine was $100 plus costs and the maximum fine $2,000. CRD wanted fines to be a method of last resort be

cause we needed voluntary cooperation to get us through this time period.

Awareness Campaign To achieve the reduction limits, five

Environmental Science & Engineering, tvlarch 2002

Water Supplies

Month

Limit

Actual

% Below Limit

Normal

% Below

Average

Avg. 11.6

April May

30

27.38

8.7

30.97

34

29.76

12.5

40.21

26

June

37

32.01

13.5

47.24

32.2

July August September

40

37.73

5.7

54.90

31.3

40

33.25

16.9

52.25

36.4

34

32.50

4.4

40.81

20.4

key messages were developed to con vey to individual consumers the need for their full participation and compliance with the water restriction by-law: 1)The severe water shortage problem was real; 2)That every individual's actions made a difference; 3)The water restriction by law was equitable in that everyone was asked to conserve water: residents, busi

nesses, and public bodies; 4) That by conserving,each person helped the com munity get through the water shortage; and 5) That water efficiency was easy.

Information was provided on water ef ficiency actions.

Awareness Strategy The overall CRD Water Stage 3 Communications Plan required different

Water and Water Wise staff attended.

The sheets were also mailed to residents

who called in requesting the informa tion on the drought hotline.

Public Relations

Primary public relations elements aimed to:

1. Inform; gain the support and approval of municipal leaders.

2. Inform large water users of the seri ousness of the water shortage.

Media Relations

Working with the media to get the in formation out was considered a key part of the communications strategy. The Regional Water Supply Commission held a media conference at its general monthly meeting in March where me

elements to ensure its success. The cam

dia kits were distributed. All local ra

paign focused on two main communi cations channels; paid media elements and public relations elements. News paper advertisements and radio spots providing Stage 3 restriction informa-. tion and water saving tips were produced at both local radio stations, running daily and targeted to run in the morning and evening. Water usage versus water con sumption limits and reservoir levels were provided daily to the Demand Management Division by the Technical Services Division and passed on to the

dio and television stations attended as

radio stations.

This information was also faxed/

did the CBC and the Weather Channel.

Additional media conferences were held

when required.

Two watershed tours were set in early spring, when the reservoir was at 70% per cent capacity, in the summer and Fall. The public was able to appreciate the drawdown of the water supply with the images supplied by the media as a result of these tours. Press releases kept the public up to date. These releases also notified residents of the new water con

sumption limits for the subsequent month. A designated spokesperson for

phoned on a daily basis to local radio, TV and newspaper news desks. This in

CRD was selected so all media calls

formation was vital to CRD to determine

comment. A hotline was established to

whether water consumption limits were being met and demonstrated to residents how well they were doing. News re

respond to residents' concerns.

CRD's water web site included by law information, a "Question and An swers" page,news releases and other lit

leases based on this information were

issued every month.

CRD contracted the local TV station

to produce 10 ads to appear in rotation featuring five indoor and five outdoor water saving tips. Further, the TV weather reporter featured a chart show ing consumption figures versus the daily limits during the news broadcast.

Fact sheets were provided to: munici pal offices, libraries and CRD offices, nurseries and garden centres, and were available at all community events CRD

â&#x2013; iSilllllllillli

were to be directed to this individual for

erature such as the Waterfacts series and A Homeowner's Guide to Water Use.

Auxiliary staff was hired for the sum mer to staff the Drought Management Hotline. They responded to questions regarding Stage 3 watering restrictions and noted violations on the appropriate complaint forms. Over 10,000 calls were received.

There were many other segments to our campaign, including toilet dye tabContinued overleaf

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Water Supplies lets, leak detection cards and toilet re

placement.

How well it worked

The CRD planned elements were very successful with two elements in particular very popular and effective: advertising and media relations pro gram. Advertising under Stage 3 restric tions was effective because it explained the restrictions concisely to the public and also provided a series of six water saving tips which ran in a text bubble at the side of the ad.

The local TV station designed a bar graph depicting the daily water consumption vs the monthly limit, which was featured during the evening news with the weather reporter.

Media Coverage media coverage of the water shortage was extensive, with cov erage of all Regional Water Supply Commission meetings. Media actively sought out information regarding the General

water shortage, Stage 3 restrictions, the status of the Sooke Reservoir expansion project and the water supply. They de veloped articles and features on ways gar deners could mitigate the impact of the watering restrictions on their gardens, listing drought-tolerant plants which adapted to diy climatic conditions.

Print Media

From the outset the Times Colonist

and News Group publications covered the issues on their front pages, with spe cial extended reports and with inter views of key CRD Water personnel.

Reporters also interviewed various in dustry representatives (hospitality, irri gation, power washing)and residents of the Victoria area to highlight different perspectives on the drought and how Stage 3 restrictions impacted their lives.

Broadcasting Media The local TV station designed a bar graph depicting the daily water con sumption versus the monthly limit, which was featured during the evening news with the weather reporter. This sta tion also planted a drought tolerant gar den of its own and showed its progress throughout the summer. Ail radio sta tions reported on the news releases is sued by CRD Water.

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•Westcan Terminal Ltd. took a proactive approach to the drought and notified all vessels berthing at Ogden Point Docks in Victoria of the water shortage. Based in Miami, where water restrictions are

implemented every year, this company had a greater appreciation and aware ness of the impact of water shortages on the community and acted accordingly.

Vessels were advised to: limit their fresh water intake from the dock to a mini

mum,fill up before they docked in Vic toria, and dean decks, safety boats and windows at other ports of call. Westcan aimed at reducing consumption from 200-250 tons of water per year to 100150 tons.

•Under the water restriction by-law, golf courses and howling green operators had 'to reduce consumption by 50 per cent from their regular consumption during Stage 3. Fairways and roughs could not he watered during Stage 3.

• Car dealerships made a commitment Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Water Supplies signs at their docks advising their pa trons of the water shortage. BC Ferries savings of twenty-five to thirty percent. posted signs at their Schwartz Bay ter The dealerships instead cleaned and minal advising travellers of the water vacuumed the interior of the cars they shortage in Victoria.

• Demand Management staff were in serviced.

• CRD Water produced "Just Ask Me" undated with calls from schools request ing water conservation presentations. tent cards geared towards restaurant pa trons. A hotel tent card was produced • Municipalities are represented on the Regional Water Supply Commission. advising hotel patrons of the water short age in the Victoria area. The exceptional CRD produced a Best Management Practices Guide in order to provide mu support and assistance the Hotel Asso nicipalities information on ways to in ciation provided led to an overwhelm ing response from the hotels requesting vest in and implement water conserva tion techniques and practices. CRD the cards.

• The Irrigation Association of British Water also issued the municipalities a Columbia worked closely with staff to challenge: which municipality could provide a definition of micro and drip reduce its consumption the most com pared to the previous year. There was irrigation systems that would be permit ted under Stage 3 watering restrictions. complete support ofCRD Water and the Additionally,some companies expanded way in which this drought was handled. their business by retrofitting existing ir • CRD Water staff met with municipal park employees twice to work with them rigation systems, making them compli on how to best cope with the water re ant with Stage 3. strictions. Boulevard and lawn water • British Columbia Building Corpora tion set up a committee and established ing were prohibited under Stage 3. a water best practices policy for reduc • Stage 3 watering restrictions clearly negatively impacted lawn care compa ing water use in all provincial govern nies and landscaping businesses offer ment buildings.

• Marinas posted CRD Water produced ing lawn maintenance. CRD Water staff to CRD Water to not wash customers'

cars after servicing, estimating a water

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met with the BC Landscape Association.

The association was very critical of the by-law and showed little willingness to work with CRD Water.

Summary CRD Water set a water consumption reduction of 25-30% and we did accom

plish this goal. The actual reduction over the six-month period was 27.8%.

The cost to implement this campaign was approximately $200,000. However, Victorians continued to have water and

we avoided the costly pumping station.

Were there other costs? Absolutely.

There were millions of dollars in lost

revenues to.particular businesses and, of course, revenue loss to CRD Water totalled $2.5 million.

If there is a silver lining to every cloud, then the drought was instrumen tal in raising the awareness of the com munity as to where our water comes from, that it is not limitless, and it en couraged the adoption of water conser vation technologies and practices. We anticipate a 10% reduction next summer over our 10-year average because of the new mindset within Victoria.

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Data Management

Maximizing the use of data for better en vironmentai decision-making

Advances in information

technology software have enabled considerable pro gress in environmental data management techniques. Desktop rela tional databases are rapidly replacing spreadsheets for data storage, and a va riety of data management systems are emerging to streamline the process of integrating and mapping data, with some including basic logic sequences, provid ing decision support functionality. Si multaneously, we are also collecting more information as data logger tech nology now enables remote satellite links for virtually continuous data streams of water level, water quality data and the like, and accreditation programs, such as ISO 14000, promote environ mental awareness and auditing within firms.

As a profession, we should consider becoming more efficient in the ways we manage our data. The rewards are con siderable:

• More effective use of our time as en vironmental scientists.

• Preserve the value of the data for fu

ture sale and cost recovery.

• Optimize our use of application-spe cific environmental software appearing on the market.

Following is a brief explanation of the merits of data management, and de scriptions and examples specific to the

By Laurence Davidson, P.Eng., EarthFx Inc.

environmental sciences. It is intended

some of the data collected (the site has

that this collective wisdom is sufficient

benefited from considerable research

to serve as a guide to those undertaking

work,and thus offers an unusually large suite of data and may not be representa tive of more typical projects).

an environmental database for the first

time, yet also offer insight for more ad

This tabular data creates a database

vanced users.

Once contamination is suspected at a site, we embark on a two-step process to manage the site, and ideally return it to a reasonable land use. The first step is to collect data from the site to charac

terize the geologic/hydrogeologic con ditions, and quantify the extent and com position of the contaminants. Based on these findings, the second step involves making decisions on what action is nec essary. Do we remediate, and how? Or is monitor/natural attenuation the most

file likely exceeding 200 megabytes, with a possible additional 800 mega bytes of core photographs, site plans, air photos and borehole geophysical logs.

If printed, the tabular data alone would occupy in excess of 15,000 pages. Un derstandably, a database system de signed for rapid searching of such data becomes an important tool for satisfy ing the information needs for effective project management and decision-mak ing.

Other benefits include streamlined

cost-effective solution with the current

technology pool, or is more study nec essary?

To make these decisions, we use the

available data, our expertise and, re cently, software for advanced analysis, visualization and decision support to ensure a transparent yet consistent and reproducible evaluation and sensitivity analysis of remedial alternatives.

The annual variation in a water table

is an example of a common technical input variable that can be easily queried from a database. Data management, therefore, becomes an important com ponent of a defensible DS system. This is further emphasized by considering the types and sheer volume of data required.

Using a Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(DNAPL)in a fractured rock site in Canada as an example. Table 1 lists

compliance reporting where new data is automatically loaded into the data man agement system,compared to the appro priate regulatory criteria for the site and standard reports generated, displaying compliance with regulatory instmments, any exceedances, trends, etc. Further more, data management systems are ef fective quality control mechanisms as they ensure parameter names and units are consistent throughout, thus eliminat ing errors or omissions due to incorrect nomenclature or units of measurement.

The environmental earth science

community is undergoing a significant revolution in how we manage our data, stepping from the 'report-centric' to the 'data-centric' world where the final de

livery of a project is a CD containing the project database.

Table 1

Data Type Boreholes

Purpose Geologic & hydrogeologic structure/composition

Volume • 170 boreholes

•500 measurements of stratigraphic contacts • 20,000 fracture occurrences and other minor

geoiogic descriptions Groundwater flow and

•470 monitors

quality measurements

• 700,000 water ievei measurements • 160,000 water quailty measurements

Enhanced geologic interpretation and fracture mapping

•700 core photos

Packer Data

Packer tests completed in about 10 percent of weils to further define verticai permeability profiie

• Between 1,000 and 2,000 individuai permeability readings

Survey Data

Consistent reference point evaluations

•400 measurements

Monitors

Core

Photographs

54

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Data Management

Please join us In weicoming five new members of the CH2IVi HILL Canada Limited team.

To capitalize on, and arguably sur vive these trends, environmental scien

tists and engineers are adopting more rigorous data management methods. As learned from the petroleum geoscience sector, this encourages two important outcomes. First, it will enhance our abil

ity as earth scientists to analyze and un derstand the physical and chemical sys tems bearing on our projects as we are more efficient with storing, retrieving and analyzing data. Second, it will pro mote the value of the data itself. With

proper storage,the data has value to oth ers, offering a means of offsetting the initial collection costs.

It will enhance our ability as earth scientists to

analyze and understand the physical and chemical systems bearing on our projects as we are more efficient

with storing, retrieving and analyzing data.

Michael Budzik is a professional engineer with expertise in environmental engineering and project/construction management. Mike has served as project engineer and manager on a variety of solid waste projects ranging from planning studies to detailed design and construction. In recent years, he has focused his efforts on designing leachate containment and collection systems, surface water control structures, and landfill final cover systems. Mike also has a solid background In hydrogeological assessments, erosion control strategies, stability Issues associated with geosynthetic products, and all aspects of field Investigations. Michael works at our Vancouver office and can be reached at 604.646.2766 ext. 313 or mbudzik@oh2m.com.

Gino Delia Colette is a contaminant hydrogeoiogist with more than ten years of project experience. During his career, Gino has developed and Implemented numerous contaminated site assessments, soil and groundwater remediation programs, and environmental compliance studies in Ontario and Quebec. He holds a Masters degree (M.Sc.) in hydrogeology from the University of Waterloo and has recently completed a Master of Project Management(MPM)degree at the University of Quebec in Hull. Gino works at our Ottawa office and can be reached at 613.723.8700 ext. 248.

With 17 years of engineering experience within the consulting and military environments, Steven Gable has been involved in numerous projects for public- and private-sector clients relating to assessments, audits, design and implementation of remedial options, and compliance.

A graduate of RMC with a Bachelor of Engineering (Civil Engineering) in 1984, he proudly served In the Canadian Armed Forces-Maritime Command for nine years, reaching the rank of Lieutenant (N). Steve has just completed his MBA and Is a registered professional engineer in Ontario and California. He works at our Toronto office and can be reached at 416.499.0090 ext. 383 or sgable@ch2m.com.

However, such advances come with

new challenges. There is a need to in corporate basic database design con straints to ensure flexibility in our sys tems. There is a need to give special consideration to the scale at which we

want the data to perform. There is a need for data models that establish standards

for how data is stored, thus facilitating the sharing and sale of data, yet be im

plemented within a framework that re cognizes that these models will evolve.

And finally, there is a need to develop an understanding of how to judge, se lect and use the numerous new earth

science software products reaching the market every day, to ensure work proc esses are enhanced, not burdened by these tools.

For more information,

With more than 25 years of environmental consulting experience, Michael Longlandis experience spans industrial site decommissioning, environmental site assessment and remediation, and environmental

management. A professional engineer, MIohael was designated a Certified Environmental Auditor by the Canadian Environmental Auditing Association In 1997 and was re-certlfied In 2000. He was also designated an approved reviewer of Ontario Power Generation's site assessment and remediation programs in 1998. This year, he will be designated a Certified Environmental Site Assessor by the Canadian Environmental Auditing Association. Michael works at our Toronto office and can be reached at 416.499.0090 ext. 557 or mlongland@ch2m.com

A chemical engineer, Mansoor Mahmood possesses more than 13 years of experience in chemical/environmental engineering, particularly In industrial pollution prevention planning and Implementation. As a certified pollution prevention planner by the Canadian Centre for Pollution Prevention, Dr. Mahmood has presented pollution prevention training and awareness sessions to many industrial and governmental clients. Including Environment Canada and the Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters Association. He has hands-on experience in the pulp and paper, textile wet processing, and sugar milling and refining fields. Mansoor works at our :

Toronto office and can be reached at 416.499.0090 ext. 315 or mmahmood@ch2m.com.

circle reply card No. 171 Introduce your new staff to the industry! Environmental Science & Engineering reaches over 19,000 water, wastewater and environ mental protection professionals across Canada.

Call us at:(905)727-4666

With more than 13,000 team members in 165 offices worldwide - and the combined resources of more than 350 employees Canada-wide - CH2M HILL offers clients a complete range of environmental services and technologies across the fields of water, environment, energy and Industrial systems, telecommunications, and transportation. We are committed to the concept and practice of sustalnablllty, and are actively working, both within our organization and with our clients, to embrace sustainable development In all projects and activities.

ki CH2MHILL Solulions for a Sustainable Future'"

for special rates Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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55

Regulations

New metal mining effluent regulations

The new MMER (Metal Min

ing Effluent Regulations) up date and strengthen the exist ing Metal Mining Liquid Effluent Regulations(MMLER). These regulations are under the statutory au thority of the Fisheries Act, with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DEO) as the sponsoring department.

Nevertheless, implementation of the MMER will be the primary responsibil ity of Environment Canada.

What's New? The new MMER differ from the ex

isting regulations on several key points: • they apply to all mines including pre1977 operations; • an effluent limit for cyanide has been added;

Sequence of activities and required timing for submission of the first Study Design and first interpretative Report

is the mine using Historical Data/information?

No

YES

Report on effects based on historical data

First Study Design

First Study Design

■12 Months*-

Conduct Biological Monitoring Studies

24 Months*

Conduct Biological Monitoring Studies

First interpretative Report

First Interpretative Report

30 Months*

42 Months*

•Indicates number of months from the date the mine becomes subject to Section 7of

• the effluent limit for Total Suspended Solids(TSS) has been lowered; • there is an upper limit for pH; • mines must produce an effluent that is not acutely lethal; and • all mines are required to conduct En vironmental Effects Monitoring(EEM).

Overview of Monitoring Components

The monitoring requirements of the new MMER are comprehensive and in clude:

1. Effluent Monitoring Conditions Effluent samples must be collected at least once per week from the final discharge point and analyzed for chemi cal parameters as described in Schedule 4 of the regulations. Effluent samples must also be tested for acute lethality to rainbow trout once per month. Moni toring of toxicity to Daplmia magna is required, but the results are not used for regulatory compliance. The frequency of monitoring for some parameters and acute lethality may be reduced pending performance and results from the first calendar year.

2. Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM)

Part I - Ejfluent and Water Quality Monitoring: Effluent characterization and water quality monitoring in the re

ceiving environment is required quar terly each calendar year. Effluent char acterization includes both chemical

By Dr. Chris Wren,

ESG Internatfonal inc., Guelph, Ontario 56

Figure 1.

the MMER.

analysis and sublethal toxicity testing on fish, invertebrates and two plant species.

Water quality measurements are re

quired at the biological monitoring study sites. A report of these results must be submitted annually to the regional Au thorization Officer (AO) of Environ

of monitoring and measuring of both their effluents and the receiving environment to comply with specific requirements of the various pieces of legislation.

Definition of Ejfluent: The definitions

of effluent and discharge points are very

ment Canada.

broad and could be interpreted to include many non-point sources within a mine

Part II - Biological Monitoring: This component consists of: a) Site Charac

Application to Closed Mines: The defi

terization, b) a Benthic Invertebrate

nition of a closed mine-is not clear and

study, c) a Fish Population study, and d) a fish tissue study if the concentration of mercury in effluent is greater than 0.05 pg/L.

this could pose problems for some sites considering cessation of operations.

Definition ofEffect: An "effect" from the EEM program is defined as a statisti cally significant difference in a fish population characteristic or benthic in vertebrate community indices between a reference and exposure area. That definition is very narrow and does not take into account social or ecological rel

Schedule

The proposed MMER were pub lished in the Government of Canada Gazette I'm July, 2001. They are sched

uled to be published in Gazette II early in 2002, and will be applied to mines in late summer/early Fall of 2002.

property.

evance of the differences. It should be noted that difference in water or sedi

Outstanding Issues

The proposed regulations are in

tended to better protect our aquatic re sources, and go a long way to meet that goal. Several issues concerning many mining operations remain. Some of

ment chemistry between sampling areas is not considered an effect, nor are the

results of sublethal toxicity testing used in the strict interpretation of effect.

What if there is an Effect?

If an effect is confirmed, an Investi

these include:

Harmonization: The issue of harmoni

zation with existing provincial or terri torial requirements was not satisfacto rily addressed in the MMER. Although there was an attempt to follow the Ontario MISA (Municipal Industrial Strategy for Abatement) program to avoid monitoring duplication, the regu lations fall short of this goal. Therefore, many mines will experience duplication

gation of Cause is required under the MMER. This could involve effluent

Toxicity Identification/Reduction Evalu ations (TI/RE) or other approaches. Rec ommending or implementing corrective

action is outside the scope of the MMER in the current legal framework. However, the cost of implementing the appropriate remedial actions is a concern to the in

dustry where effects are observed. ❖

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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Drinking Water

Successful use of ozone for drinking water treatment in Windsor, Ontario vestigate the improvement of water treatment processes by using ozone. The pilot plant had two identical process trains constructed of organically inert materials (stainless steel, glass, or fluorocarbons). Each side of the pilot

plant shared identical physical charac teristics, which allowed for direct com

parison between the two sides of the plant with a common raw water quality.

Experiments conducted in Windsor, indicated that ozone-induced coagula tion and flocculation is possible at the Windsor Water Treatment Centre. Set

tled water turbidity was always lower on the side of the pilot plant where pre-

practised, and even filters may allow a few organisms to pass through in treated

coagulation ozone was applied. Dualmedia (anthracite/sand) filter perform ance for turbidity was consistently bet ter when pre-coagulation ozone was applied prior to coagulation. The appli cation of pre-coagulation ozonation im proved particle removal especially for size ranges of 2-5 |am and 5-10 |J.m, compared to the non-ozonated control

tation events, surface water runoff and

water.

stream.

contamination with microorganisms re

Many water treatment plants in North America are using ozone to ensure inactivation of Ciyptosporidium oocysts, and to produce aesthetically acceptable

has been sampling for Giardia and Cryptosporidium since 1997. Crypto sporidium oocysts were detected on a

treated water. However, a chlorine re

few occasions in raw water samples and

Surface water sup lies are often

The Ozone generator -500 kg per day at 12% ozone production. used as sources of drinking water in Canada.

Surface

waters are exposed to precipi

sulting from activities in their surround ing areas. In general, surface waters are considered vulnerable to contamination

from animal populations that carry pro tozoan cysts pathogenic to humans.

Cryptosporidium has been recog nized as a serious cause of water-borne

disease in humans. Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks from surface water supplies have been documented in Canada and the United States. The outbreaks in the

last decade caused a major concern to the public. It has been speculated that many other cases of water-borne out breaks of gastroenteritis may have been caused by Cryptosporidium.

Ozone, a strong disinfectant, is supe rior to chlorine,chlorine dioxide,orchlor-

activation of Cryptosporidium oocysts at dosages and contact times typically

The Windsor Utilities Commission

sidual of 1 mg/L is maintained as the

other samples contained Giardia cysts,

treated water enters the distribution system.

The Windsor Utilities Commission,

as indicated in Table 1. The presence raw water source caused a major con

of these pathogens at these levels in the

in conjunction with the NSERC Chair

cern to members of the Windsor Utili

in Water Treatment, University of Waterloo, and the Civil and Environ mental Engineering Department, Uni versity of Windsor, have conducted

ties Commission.

pilot-scale studies since 1992.

A pilot-scale system was used to in

in Windsor, Ontario. The A.H. Weeks

The Commission decided on July 21, 1999, to implement ozone for drinking water treatment at the A.H. Weeks plant

plant was built in 1994 at the site of the

Table-1 Giardia and Cryptosporidium Analysis, Raw Water Date

amines for the inac-

Cryptosporidium (Raw)

Giardia

(Raw)

Weather Conditions

tivation of water-

borne pathogens such as Giardia and Cryp tosporidium. Disin fection regimes ex cluding ozone are not capable of the in-

1998-02-11

264 cysts/1 OOL

ND

Rain

1999-02-25

ND

16 oocysts/100 L 485 oocysts/1 OOL 602 oocysts/1 OOL

Rainstorm

ND

Rain

ND

Rain

1999-04-26

ND

2000-03-20

ND

2001-02-12

337 cyst/1 OOL 539 cyst/1 OOL

2001-08-21

Rainstorm Rain

Weather Conditions: Rain or Rainstorm during sampling day or 1-2 days before

By Dr. Saad Y. Jasim, Windsor Utilities Commission

sampiing.

ND - None Detected

Anaiysis was conducted by GAP EnviroMicrobial Services Inc., London, Ontario.

58

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Drinking Water old plant. Provisions were made for future addition of ozone to the new plant, while studies for the rehabilitation ofthe

old plant included the use of ozone in the treatment process.

The ozone system was de signed to achieve 2-log inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts.

The ozone generators, power sup ply units, and ozone destruct units were supplied by Ozonia North America. The ozone system was brought on-line in June 2001.

was noticeably reduced to an average of (PAC) for taste and odour control dur 10-15 counts/ml. The average turbidity ing the summer. The addition of PAC for raw water during that period was was eliminated when ozone was used at 11.15 NTU in the year 2000, while it the A.H. Weeks plant. The elimination ofPAC saved the Commission in

excess of$400,000 annually. The reduction of alum and Percol LT

22 costs was $59,756,and $2,746, respectively. The saving in op erational costs is expected to ex

ceed $200,000 annually.

The operation of the ozone system to achieve the design goal of 2-log inactivation of Crypto sporidium oocysts provides a sub stantial additional log inactivation

There was an immediate im

provement of treated water qual ity. Filtered water turbidity was reduced from 0.06 NTU to 0.03

credit for Giardia and viruses far

NTU,on average, despite the fact that alum dosage was reduced.

The average alum dosage for

in excess of maximum values

shown in regulatory disinfection tables. The improvement of water quality using a multi bar rier system has inspired public confidence, especially after the

the months of June-December for

the years 2000 and 2001 was 52.7 mg/L and 42.5 mg/L, respec tively. The dosage for the coagu lant aid (Percol LT 22, cationic polymer) was 0.07 mg/L and 0.05 Liquid oxygen storage tank. mg/L for the years 2000 and 2001, respectively. The reduction in alum dos increased to 20.1 NTU for the year 2001. age was 19%, and 28% for the Percol The Windsor Utilities Commission LT 22. Particle count for filtered water used to add powdered activated carbon

Walkerton and North Battleford

incidents. The implementation of ozone treatment in Windsor was

to prevent a potential outbreak of disease from occurring.

For more information,

circie repiy card No. 140

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Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

For more information, circle reply card No. 139 (See page 25)

59

Biosolids Treatment

Beneficial reuse of biosolids -

A public/private partnership

Wateris as critical y impor

tant today to the many people living in the Fort Worth area, as it was 150

years ago when the small military out post was founded along the banks of the Trinity River.

The Village Creek Wastewater Treat ment Plant(VCWWTP)in Fort Worth, Texas,continues the City's century long commitment to water resource protec tion. Village Creek serves a population equivalent of 1,000,000 people, which includes the City of Fort Worth and 23 neighbouring wholesale customer cities.

The plant has a rated capacity of 166 million gallons per day and uses a con ventional activated sludge process. Raw wastewater entering the plant passes through bar screens, receives primary clarification, activated sludge treatment, secondary clarification, filtration, disin fection with chlorine and dechlorination

cally" dewatering biosolids and moving away from nature's "air-dried" dewater ing process.

Population growth, development/ encroachment of population around the 240 acre drying bed site, several wet years limiting the removal of solids from the drying beds, combined with chang ing regulatory requirements (EPA 503 sludge regulations), all contributed to the City's need to investigate alternative options for managing biosolids.

In 1990, the City began exploring

Beneficial recycling by land application

effective method.

By Robert T. McMillon and Gary F. Rockers 60

reduced water content of the biosolids

from 97% to around 80%. Immediately upon leaving the presses, the material was mixed with lime, which reduced the

been buried in landfills as method of

soil amendment by applying the biosolids to area highway medians and slopes.

During the late 1980s, a number of factors influenced the City of Fort Worth to consider the process of "mechani-

The facility occupied a half-acre site within the plant. The small building held two,two-metre belt filter presses, which

level of pathogens,and also reduced the vector attraction potential.

Lime stabilization has many advan tages as a treatment method. It is a sim ple process to operate, maintain, and

and mechanical

to be the most cost-

disposal. Instead, biosolids have been,

the air-dried biosolids as a fertilizer and

• Public relations.

watering processes and the proper dis posal by beneficial reuse. Geographi cally (with farm and ranch land in all directions), beneficial recycling by land

dewatering by beltfilter press was found

prairies and grasslands through an award-winning public/privatized benefi cial reuse/recycling program.

From the 1920s through the 1950s, air-dried biosolids removed from dry ing beds and lagoons, were given away to the public and used as a fertilizer on golf courses, parks, tree farms and nurs eries. In the late 1950s through the 1980s, the City implemented additional biosolids reuse programs with the Texas State Highway Department and recycled

ity and effects on land.

• Meeting any regulatory requirements.

• Odour and spill control.

cost-effective alternative biosolids de-

with sulphur dioxide. Approximately 115 dry tons per day of solids are re moved during the treatment process, and are degritted, thickened and anaerobically digested.

Since wastewater treatment began in Fort Worth in the 1920s, the organic solids resulting from the wastewater treatment process(biosolids) have never

and continue to be, returned to the Texas

sites.

• Transporting and applying biosolids.

• Monitoring and testing biosolids qual

application and mechanical dewatering by belt-filter press was found to be the most cost-effective method.

Privatized contract

In February 1991, a contract was awarded to a private firm Oscar Renda Contracting Inc./Agronomic Manage ment Group Inc.(ORC/AMG), for the installation of belt filter presses (for dewatering)and an alkaline stabilization facility to process biosolids to at least a level for beneficial use on land with re

stricted public access (Class B process ing). The pilot program was scaled at 40 dry tons per day - about half of the normal daily production. The contrac tor's responsibilities were: • Dewatering solids.

• Alkaline stabilization to achieve a

minimum of Class B pathogen reduc tion.

• Operating and maintaining equipment.

• Locating and registering application

monitor. It is reliable, low cost, and does

not require much space or equipment.

The operation began with the success ful processing of40 dry tons of biosolids per day. Over the next few years, sub sequent contracts were issued to ORC/ AMG with increasing quantities as the beneficial reuse of biosolids program expanded and advanced due to the low cost of operation and positive public support for biosolids fertilization.

100% Recycling Beginning in April 1995, a "longterm" privatized contract was entered into with ORC/AMG to dewaterby beltfilter press, 100% of VCWWTP bio solids production(115 dry tons per day), stabilize, transport and beneficially re use/recycle the biosolids as a fertilizer and soil amendment on numerous agri cultural farm and ranch lands.

Class "A"(EQ)Biosolids Through excellent pre-treatment, anaerobic digestion and further treat ment processes(post lime stabilization), the stabilized biosolids produced at Vil lage Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant are the highest quality(EQ - Exceptional Quality)recognized by the Environmen tal Protection Agency (EPA) and the Texas Natural Resource Conservation

Commission (TNRCC).

Duration and size of project The "privatized" beneficial recycling of biosolids on registered and notic ed agricultural land is an expanding, proven, sustained, full-scale operation

that has been in progress for lO-i- years.

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Biosolids Treatment

From August 1991 through July 2001, the City of Fort Worth and ORC/AMG have beneficially recycled a total of 358,000 dry tons of biosolids on agri cultural land.

50,000-1- acres of noticed and regis tered land, located in 12 counties, with

IOOh- land-owners, at 90-1- land applica tion sites, allows Village Creek and ORC/AMG the flexibility to sustain and advance biosolids recycling on a large scale (115 dry tons per day), while bal ancing public needs that come in con tact with the operations.

In addition, the truck fleet has logged over 6.2 million miles,transporting over 44,750 truck loads of processed bio solids, through the Fort Worth/Dallas area to surrounding agricultural sites, with only three minor incidents.

The Fort Worth biosolids program has expanded to a point where a 60 day "waiting list" is required before an indi vidual participant's land can be sched uled for biosolids fertilization. Land

owners willingly schedule individual fields in advance and pay $10.00 for each acre of land fertilized with the

City's organic-fertilizer as a replacement for commercial inorganic N-P-K ferti

Public Acceptance Activities Together, VCWWTP and ORC/AMG have met the five basic strategies of the Water Environment Federation's Biosolids 2000 goal by: - 100% biosolids recycling Promoting recycling - Video and publications Providing information - County officials and farmers Developing partnerships - Open and aggressive Be pro-active - No enforcement violations Ensure compliance

In addition, the Fort Worth beneficial recycling program has met the five meas urements for public acceptance outlined in the Biosolids 2000 Programr - 100% Percentage of biosolids recycled - None No major controversies Public demand for

biosolids recycling Users willing to pay for biosolids Agencies "advertising" their biosolids products lizers. The $10.00 payment is collected to pay the State's "sludge" fee and reg istration fees. Fort Worth's biosolids are

applied generally from 3.0 to 8.0 dry tons per acre, which corresponds to a $225.00 commercial fertilizer value considering macro and micro plant nutrients.

Since August 1995,the Village Creek wastewater treatment plant and priva tized biosolids dewatering facility has served as a premier training facility to

SALES & ENGINEERING LIMITED,

- 60-day waiting period -Yes

- Being developed both national and international munici

pal engineers and consultants.

Project monitoring program 1. Land Application Schedule: A monthly land application schedule was developed to provide a list ofsites where biosolids applications are scheduled.

The land application schedule is distrib uted to county officials and environmen tal/health coordinators. This informa-

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61

Biosolids Treatment

tion is a means toward advancing com munication and awareness between the

contractor, city, council officials, agri cultural communities and regulators who are responsible for monitoring wa ter quality issues.

2. Class "A" Biosolids/Class "B"Prac

tices: Although Fort Worth biosolids continually satisfy Class A,Exceptional Quality regulatory criteria, in potentially sensitive areas,land application sites are managed according to Class B (more restrictive) buffer zone requirements.

This conservative management ap proach further safeguards the program from potential nuisance complaints and local water quality considerations.

3. Weather forecasts: (24-48 hour) are

monitored daily to determine wind' di rections and to predict adverse weather conditions which impact land applica tion and transportation activities.

4. Modified Application Practices: Agricultural distribution of biosolids practices have been modified to include re-scheduling activities to fields which are located near schools, churches, and

adjacent homeowners with asthmatic children to periods when schools are not in service (spring break) or when fam

ily vacations are scheduled. This spirit of cooperation has allowed Fort Worth to further expand operations in these sensitive areas within given agricultural communities.

The success of VCWWTP and ORC/

AMG public acceptance efforts has achieved these positive results: • Majority of local and vocal public op position now generally supportive of program.

• Opposition now wanting to participate in the program.

• More land-owners wanting to partici pate.

solids program.

Innovative practices and activities 1. Water Reuse: In a cooperative effort, a high volume solid-set, in-ground, irri gation system was installed at the dewatering site to divert and beneficially reuse filtrate water from the privatized dewatering process. This was accom plished at no cost to the City. The water reuse has reduced VCWWTP's treat

ment costs prior to discharge and pro vides annual revenue to the City result ing from the lease of city owned (70 acre) property and from the commercial sale of alfalfa hay irrigated and grown

•Larger land-owners wanting to partici

at the site.

pate.

• More "prominent" land-owners inter ested in participating in the program.

•Land-owners closer in towards the city limits wanting to participate in the pro

2. Research: The City of Fort Worth and ORC/AMG recognize the importance of proper biosolids disposal and imple mented site management plans, based upon sound scientific information. Re

gram.

search activities include:

• Greater support and acceptance from other local and county governments.

Pamphlets, brochures, literature and handouts have been developed and are made available to the public, providing

• Texas A&M research study - a pi lot study using Fort Worth biosolids at high application rates (10-500 dt/ ac) to evaluate short and long-term impact to soil and water quality.

educational and informational facts

•Conducted annual biosolids carbon

about biosolids and the City of Fort Worth's "beneficial recycling" of bio

decomposition and nitrogen miner

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Biosolids Treatment

the basis for developing site manage ment plans and Agronomic Loading Rate determinations necessary to en sure crop yield potential.

• Application rates for air-dried bio solids were calculated based upon bulk density measurements in order to alter the surface soil density, po rosity and water relation in order to grow alfalfa in a high clay content "blackland" soil. This information was critical to initiate the effluent reuse program.

Public/private partnership The public/private partnership offers numerous opportunities for providing solutions in biosolids recycling. Both the City and the contractor use their in dividual expertise in government and private sector operations to come to gether and achieve objectives. The City coordinates with members of city coun cil, news media (television, radio and newspaper), and other local political groups, as needed to keep them infoiTned and advised as to the progress and success of the project.

The contractor coordinates daily biosolids tmck transport to designated active land application sites. Further,the

contractor remains in contact with the

next land-owners to advise them regard ing exact date and time of equipment shipment and biosolids application.

Conclusions

Based on 10 years of sustained, full scale biosolids recycling by land appli cation, the City of Fort Worth and ORC/

Biosolids have been, and continue to be, returned to the

Texas prairies and grasslands through an award-winning public/privatized beneficial reuse/recycling program.

AMG have cost-effectively advanced the beneficial recycling of biosolids us ing sound scientifically backed biosolid management operations and practices.

Public attitude has changed and public acceptance has increased. This has re sulted in the following: • Costs have been reduced from (US)

$400/dry ton to $136/dry ton.

•Land-owner participation continues to

panded into 12 surrounding counties.

•Program sustains a 60-day user "wait ing list".

•Program has expanded where demand for biosolids exceeds annual production.

• Program has allowed "old" liquid sludge drying bed facility to be decom missioned.

• Public/private partnership has de creased operation costs and generated revenue from annual lease of idle land

and sale of hay produced from the fil trate-reuse project.

Fort Worth's Privatized Beneficial

Use Program is a public/private partnering relationship that has devel oped and grown into a strong relation ship with a common goal: "To protect the public health and environment through beneficial use of a nutrient-rich material".

Adaptedfrom a paper presented at the Western Canada Water and Wastewater

Association Conference, Edmonton.

Messrs. McMillon and Rockers are with

the City of Fort Worth,Texas Water De partment. Mr. McMillon is also Presi-

increase.

dent-Elect of the Water Environment

• Biosolids recycling program has ex-

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www.cancoppas.com • E-Mail:controls@cancoppas.com Environmental Science <&. Engineering, March 2002

For more information, circle reply card No. 144 (See page 25)

63

Air Pollution

Urban air pollution linked to birth defects for first time In US studies

Exposure to two common air

pollutants may increase the chance that a pregnant woman will give birth to a child with certain heart defects, according to a UCLA study that provides the first com pelling evidence that air pollution may play a role in causing some birth defects.

According to a study published in the January 1 edition of the American Jour nal of Epidemiology, pregnant Los An geles-area women,living in regions with higher levels of ozone and carbon mon oxide pollution, were as much as three times as likely to give birth to children who suffered from serious heart defects.

Carbon monoxide is primarily re leased in tailpipe emissions, while ozone pollution is formed in the atmosphere from pollutants released by both vehi

greater the chance that her child would have one of these serious cardiac birth

defects," said Beate Ritz, a UCLA epi demiologist who headed the study.

"More research needs to be done, but

these results present the first compelling evidence that air pollution may play a role in causing some birth defects."

Researchers conducted the study by matching extensive air pollution moni toring information collected by regional air-quality officials with information from the California Birth Defects Moni

toring Program,a program funded by the state Department of Health Services that collects comprehensive information about structural birth defects, in partner ship with the March of Dimes Birth

problems caused by air pollution than solely asthma and other respiratory ill nesses," Ritz said. "There seems to be

something in the air that can harm de veloping fetuses." The study also sug gests that despite a significant decrease in urban air pollution nationally, there may be pollution problems that are not yet understood.

"There has been a big reduction in the levels of criteria air pollutants like ozone and carbon monoxide over the

years," Ritz said. "But there still may be air toxics and fine particles or other secondary pollutants that occur along side carbon monoxide and ozone, but

ing Program: "One in 33 babies in the

which we don't measure routinely or know about, and those things may pose health risks we don't yet understand."

Researchers analyzed information collected by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program on more than 9,000

ofPublic Health and the California Birth

United States is bom with a serious birth

babies bom from 1987 to 1993 in Los

Defects Monitoring Program found the risk for birth defects increased among women exposed to elevated amounts of the pollutants in the second month of their pregnancy, a period when the heart and other organs begin developing.

"The greater a woman's exposure to one of these two pollutants in the criti cal second month of pregnancy, the

defect - the leading cause of infant

Ritz said she was surprised that the study found an effect at the pollution

Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino and Riverside counties. Using measure ments made regularly at 30 locations by the South Coast Air Quality Manage ment District, which manages air qual ity in the four-county region, research ers compared air quality near the homes

levels researchers studied. "These find

of children born with birth defects to air

ings show that there are more health

quality in the neighborhoods of children born healthy.

Pregnant women who were exposed

cles and industrial sources.

Researchers from the UCLA School

Defects Foundation.

According to John A. Harris, chief of the California Birth Defects Monitor

death. This kind of research is not a

luxury. Studies like this one on air pol lution give us critical leads to follow up with further research."

to increased levels of ozone and carbon

monoxide faced an elevated risk of hav

ing a child with conotruncal heart de fects, pulmonary artery/valve defects and aortic artery/valve defects. This group of heart defects occurs 1.76 times per 1,000 births, with about 935 cases in Califomia each year. Many of these babies face open-heart surgery before age one.

For women living in the areas with the highest levels of carbon monoxide and ozone, the risk tripled when com pared to women who lived in areas of the air basin with the eleanest air.

Among women who lived in areas with moderately higher pollution levels, the risk of birth defects doubled.

"We're not sure carbon monoxide is

These findings show that there are more health problems caused by air pollution than solely asthma and other respiratory illnesses.

64

the culprit because it could be just a marker for something else in tailpipe exhaust," said Gary Shaw of the Cali fornia Birth Defects Monitoring Pro-

Environmental Science

Engineering, March 2002

Air Pollution

gram and co-author of the study. "Un like other health factors like diet or life

style, a pregnant woman has almost no control over the quality of air she breathes - we need answers."

Researchers did not find a link be

tween birth defects and exposure to ni trogen dioxide and larger-sized particulate matter-other air pollutants that are commonly found in the South Coast Air Basin and other urban regions. How ever,the monitoring network for particulate matter is less extensive than for

other pollutants and no monitoring is done for very small particulates, which are often found alongside carbon mon oxide. The study also found no correla tion between exposure to air pollution and other common birth defects such as

cleft palates.

"While the study focused on the Los Angeles urban region,the findings have implications for most urban areas in the nation, particularly ones where vehicle

traffic plays an important part in form ing air pollution," Ritz said.

A number of recent studies conducted

by Ritz and other researchers have sug gested that air pollution can have harm ful effects on pregnancy,including caus-

There seems to be something in the air that can harm developing fetuses. The study also suggests that

despite a significant decrease in urban air pollution nationally, there may be pollution problems that are not vet understood. substances in air pollution that are re sponsible for the birth defects.

ing premature delivery and low birthweight. But researchers had not been

Researchers at the Southern Califor

able to examine whether there is a link

between air pollution and birth defects because they lacked the resources to do such a study.

However,researchers were only able to estimate mothers' exposures to rou tinely measured air pollutants. They relied on air pollution concentrations collected at the air-quality monitoring

nia Particle Center are working to iden tify the chemical components of the microscopic soot that is contained in vehicle tailpipe emissions. The UCLA School of Public Health-based center,

one of four major particulate centers funded by US federal officials, has iden tified compounds that researchers sus pect could affect human health.

Funding for this US study was pro vided by the National Institute of Envi

station nearest the mother's home, which

could be as far as 10 miles away. Also, they were unable to evaluate other po tential risk factors for birth defects, in

ronmental Health Sciences. Other au

cluding maternal smoking,occupational exposures, vitamin supplement use, diet and obesity. Future studies need to ad

thors include Fei Yu of the UCLA

dress these limitations, as well as exam

and the California Air Resources Board.

School ofPublic Health, and Scott Fruin of the UCLA School of Public Health

ine whether it is the routinely measured

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Mobile Aeration

China uses barge for water reclamation

Theenvironmental technology

for China's first mobile oxygenation barge has been de signed and supplied by BOG. The self-sufficient barge represents the first step in a 12-year plan to rehabili tate Suzhou Creek, a highly-polluted stream that flows through China's larg est city, Shanghai. The Suzhou Creek project is China's most ambitious water reclamation project to date. The plan was launched in 1998 with the creation

of the Shanghai Suzhou Creek Rehabili tation and Construction Company (SSRCC). Its goal was to rehabilitate the creek to enable it to re-establish a

functioning ecosystem and increase pub lic health standards for nearby residents.

Stretches of the 125 km Suzhou Creek have reached anaerobic condi

tions, which means there are insufficient

levels of oxygen to support fish or other aquatic life. Pumping oxygen into the water, through the barge, will assist the natural process of decomposition of pol lutants and the restoration of oxygen lev els needed to sustain aquatic life.

China's first mobiie oxygenation barge, located on the Suzhou Creek.

The oxygenation barge, which was officially handed over to the Chinese government in November 2001, con tains a HOC Novox oxygen generator and two Vitox oxygen injectors. Water from Suzhou Creek is withdrawn from

the river, oxygenated on the barge at a rate of five tons per day, and then re turned to the river via 20 Vitox distribu-

tion nozzles mounted on each side of the

barge.

This is the latest version of the tech

nology that BOC developed for use in two barges, the Thames Bubbler and Vitality, on stretches of the Thames River in England. Two delegations from SSRCC visited Vitality and talked with BOC engineers in Guildford, UK, be-

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Mobile Aeration

fore awarding the contract for the Suzhou Creek project.

Chinese environmental officials said

they had originally planned to build sev eral land-based oxygenation stations along the banks of Suzhou Creek, but

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Jiangsu Environmental Protection Bureau has announced that they will invest(US)$1.76 billion over the next

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In a complex feat of engineering and international cooperation, the entire oxy genation system was built in the United Kingdom to strict international stand ards, and shipped to Shanghai where BOC and Chinese engineers worked to gether to design and build the barge and install the environmental equipment.

As part of the long-range plan for the clean-up of Suzhou Creek, the barge is undergoing performance tests over the next few months on a locked off por tion of the stream. If it meets its tar

geted oxygenation objectives, China is likely to build an additional four to six oxygenation barges.

In addition, China has also targeted Lake Taihu at the headwaters of Suzhou

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67

Historical Flashback

Was President Eisenhower the godfather of the Ontario Ministry of Environment?

In 1953, Vincent Massey,then the

Canadian Governor General, in vited Ontario Premier,Leslie Frost and his wife to a small, informal

the idea of the Ontario Water Resources

dinner at Government House in honour

Commission(OWRC)." However,such an organization had also long been the dream of Dr. Albert Bemy who had al ready been working tirelessly behind the

of US President Eisenhower. A chance

scenes to improve public health and en

remark at this small gathering was to profoundly affect water resource man agement in Ontario. The evening was

vironmental facilities.

recounted in a Toronto Star series The

Tory Years, written by Jack Cahill. Pre mier Frost recalled it was also Mrs.

Eisenhower's birthday and the small group sang "Happy Birthday Mamie".

President Eisenhower took the Pre

mier by the shoulder and told him:"You really should remember this, that really pure water is one of your greatest as sets. But when you've got a lot of it, you don't think about it. We have ru ined ours in the States with our growth of population so that the great beautiful rivers that flow into the Atlantic and

down through the Mississippi Valley and so on are contaminated. You have a

great country with great possibilities so don't let them ruin your water."

Mr. Cahill wrote: "When we went

home that night Premier Frost conceived

By Tom Davey

Mr. Frost was to give a young back bencher from London, named John

Robarts, some responsibilities for the proposed OWRC, partly because Lon don was suffering a water shortage but also because he wanted to see how

Robarts would act in a position of au thority. The concept also affected the political destiny of Mr. Robarts who later became Minister of Education in the Ontario Government under Mr.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Lakes, and suggested water resources planning should be made well in ad

Frost, eventually succeeding him as the

vance of actual needs. Further, Ontario

Premier.

legislation needed clarification to ensure proper control over conservation, distri bution, allocation and rights to water supplies for various uses in all section

Some arduous planning and admin istrative work had to take place before the OWRC dream became a reality. In April 1955, a memorandum was pre pared following a survey of Ontario water resources, sponsored by the Ontario Department of Health under a federal government health grant. It stated that the most critical water sup ply situation in Ontario was in the south western section, inland from the Great

of the Province. Pollution of streams

should be reduced to a minimum to per mit best uses of these waters.

The memo said that methods should

be determined for developing, financ ing and managing water supply projects to serve an area rather than one munici

pality. It advocated "the formation of some provincial body with jurisdiction over all water resources", the function of which "would be to ensure the con servation and distribution of water to all

parts of the Province, and the allocation of quantities to different users." There was need for continuous study and su pervision of Ontario's water resources.

A short time later, the Water Re sources Committee of Southwestern

Ontario published a brief it had prepared on the Development and Control of Water Resources. This Committee had

been set up following a meeting called by the Waterloo Chamber of Commerce on February 19, 1954,of representatives of municipalities in that southwestern area.

This brief said that Ontario had led

International Workshop at the Institute Superiors di Sanlta, Rome, November 1982.

The convenors, WHO, EU and the Italian government. Invited scientists and spe cialists from Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and the former Soviet Bloc to present papers and discuss various scenarios and options over a five-day period.

This group was impressed by the sheer scale of water and wastewater infrastruc ture initiated by the OWRC over a 25-year period. Using private sector consulting engineers and suppliers, working with senior engineers and chemists from the OWRC, the scale and speed of these public works was unprecedented.

the way in the management and control of its power resources by the creation of the Hydro Electric Power Commis sion of Ontario, and that: "There is no

doubt that control and management of the water resources will be, in due time,

a greater factor in the growth and pro-

Environmentai Science & Engineering, March 2002

Historical Flashback

ductivity of a great and important part of the Province."

Interestingly, the brief was signed by A.M. Snider of Waterloo, who later be

came chairman of a government ap pointed Water Resources and Supply

This latter appointment was to have a profound effect on the embryonic body.

The committee held its first meeting, an organizational gathering in Toronto, August 10, 1955. Emerging from the meeting, Mr. Snider announced:

During a break in the first meeting of the Committee on August 10, 1955, members visited Mr. Frost. The Premier

stressed that their task was of great im

dous task. Our terms of reference are

portance - they were engaged in a vital public service and the success of their efforts would depend on co-operation between municipalities, industry, agri

broad and we have much information to

culture and the Provincial Government.

gather. We will get this information by meeting often and by holding public

He also stressed that plans developed by the Committee must be financially self-liquidating (this was made clear at

"We are started now and face a tremen

meetings in various municipalities to de termine local problems."

Continued overleaf

Paques ADI Inc. Wastewater Treatment Packages Dr. Albert Berry Committee,and later the first Chairman of the Ontario Water Resources Com

mission on May 3, 1956.

The environmental situation in south western Ontario at the time was summed

up by Professor W.M. Walkinshaw, of the University of Toronto's Department of Civil Engineering, in an address be fore the 69th annual meeting of the En

gineering Institute of Canada,in Toronto in May, 1955. He concluded there was a critical ground water supply situation in the region, with problems existing in regard to both the quantity and quality of the water. He added that many im

portant cities were of concern, includ ing London, Kitchener and Waterloo, with Aylmer, Dresden, Stratford and Leamington also mentioned.

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A Water Resources and Supply Com mittee was planned but a provincial elec

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tion temporarily held up appointment of other members of the new committee.

In July, 1955, Mr. Frost, whose govern ment had been returned to office, an

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Reason - surgeon and chairman of the London Public Utilities Commission,

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69

Historical Flashback

subsequent public hearings held by the Committee - indicating, particularly to municipalities, that Provincial Govern ment assistance in the obtaining of re quired services would not include direct financial aid).

The Premier emphasized the impor tance of pollution abatement in the Com mittee's considerations, as much of their

energies had focused on obtaining water supplies. The Committee also rec ognized that Ontario had international responsibilities under the International Joint Commission agreements.

At a meeting on November 15,1955, consideration was given to the provision of sewerage systems in conjunction with water supply systems. Dr. Berry re marked that the cost of a sewage treat ment system might be so high that the possibility of a waterworks system might not be favoured by many munici palities. However,he said,the two could not be disassociated. He suggested it would be the responsibility of the Com mittee to make sure that adequate sew erage facilities were installed by munici palities obtaining new water supplies.

Dr. Berry was to build the OWRC into one of the most effective environ-

Regrettably, this international figure was scientist, engineer, and Canadian, none of whom are deemed newsworthy in an era of media-hyped protest events irresistible to TV news editors. mental government bodies in the world, and a firm foundation for the subsequent Ontario Ministry of Environment. His leadership as Chief Engineer was inter nationally recognized by Americans who voted him President of the AWWA

and the WEE. In Rome,Europeans too, were impressed.

1 was privileged to participate in a five-day meeting in Rome,sponsored by the World Health Organization, the EU and the Italian government. During the

of Environment. Unquestionably, he was the driving force behind this record.

Sadly, Dr. Berry is not even a distant memory to the very Canadians who are unwitting heirs of his pioneering environmentalism. During the Millennium Earth Day, many academics and activ ists, some quite justly, were celebrated as Heroes of the Planet; the name of Albert Edward Berry was conspicuous by its absence. But then he was an en vironmental activist whose efforts re

OWRC's environmental construction

sulted in viable in-place water and wastewater treatment plants which vastly improved public health while pro tecting our rivers and lakes. Regretta bly, this international figure was scien tist, engineer, and Canadian, none of whom are deemed newsworthy in an era of media-hyped protest events irresist

record in the two decades following the

ible to TV news editors.

formation of the Commission which

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discussions, 1 outlined the scale of en vironmental infrastructure undertaken

and completed under Dr. Berry's lead ership. Academics and other specialists from the USA, Australia, England, the EU and what was then the Soviet Bloc, all were vastly impressed by the

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Spring Conference Preview

OWWA/OMWA Joint Annual Conference Ontario Drinking Water- Renewed Awareness and Priorities May 5 - 8, 2002 Hilton London/Convention Centre, London, Ontario

Theopening plenary session of the Joint Ontario Water Works

Association/Ontario Munici

pal Water Association Annual Conference, will focus on the Walkerton

Inquiry and the impact that the tragedy has had on the water profession. AWWA President, Ronald Schwarzwalder, will

moderate a session on Monday, May 6, that will include presentations by Harry Swain, chair of the Advisory Panel to the Walkerton Inquiry, Joseph Castrilli, legal counsel for OWWA/OMWA at the Inquiry, Dr. Colin D'Cunha, Ontario's

Treatment

This year there will be two technical sessions dealing with treatment issues, including; ozonation for disinfection and taste and odour control, disinfection case studies, UV disinfection studies and

guidelines, small GW system compli ance, manganese, biofiltration to remove HAAs, and effective membrane selec tion.

Young Professionals Aimed at providing material of in terest to both young and not-so-young professionals alike, the Young Profes

Chief Medical Officer of Health, and

sionals session deals with distribution

Bob Breeze, Associate Deputy Minis ter, Ontario Ministry of the Environ

system cleaning methods, aging infra structure, membrane pretreatment, and UV performance evaluation.

ment.

provide the latest in research and infor mation. These concurrent sessions in clude:

Ontario Municipal Water Association

This session will help membership understand their legal responsibilities, achieve full cost recovery, and deal with issues concerning small systems.

will be discussed in a session that in

cludes talks on the true performance of 6L toilets, the effectiveness of imgation reduction programs, and barriers to greywater recycling.

Research

Distribution

The research session also promises to provide leading edge information on treatment optimization, byproduct for mation (bromate, NDMA),UV disinfec tion effectiveness, corrosion(DBPs, re habilitation), and bank filtration.

Operations & Systems Management This session will focus on day-to-day management issues such as the response of the City of Guelph to Ontario Regu lation 459/00, practical issues concern

Water distribution issues presented in this session include the general effects of treatment processes on DS water quality, the potential effects of UV dis infection on biofilm growth, rehabilita tion of large diameter water mains, and optimizing pump/storage/piping rela tionships for effective master planning.

Technical Sessions will cover a wide

range of topics. From water treatment to distribution, to operations and sys tems management, presentations will

ing the start-up of a 79.5 ML/d UV dis infection facility, dealing with coiTosion problems, and handling accidental and willful hazardous water quality events.

Management The management session provides insight into longer term management issues and strategies, and will discuss a model water utility, source protection strategies in Nova Scotia, and a report on the first round of Engineers' Reports.

Water Efficiency Means to improve water efficiency

For more information contact the

OWWA office at: (416) 252-7060 or check the website at: www.owwa.ca.

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71

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Environmental Instrument Rentals

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cuit; stable zero

The MS Filter is a solution to a small

An automatic self-cleaning water filter removes micron-size su.spended solids, independent from specific gravity, from water in once-through and re-circulating systems. The systems include; cooling, process, reclaim, effluent, intake, wash, waste and potable waters. Single filters handle flow rates to 5,000 gpm. Units can be banded (as shown in photo) to handle unlimited flows. Orival,Inc. Circle reply card No. 213

tion of limescale

elements

and

more, without the need of water softening equipment, salts, chemicals or mainte nance. The integrated circuitry system produces a unique and complex modulat ing frequency waveform that hits the reso nant frequency of the calcium carbonate molecules causing them to lose their ad hesive properties. Existing scale is re moved and never forms again.

Clearwater Enviro Technologies Circle reply card No. 216 73

Product and Service Showcase Inlet StormceptorÂŽ system

Series Stormceptor system

Round hatches to fit precast concrete manhole sections

The Inlet Storm

ceptor System em ploys the same prin ciples of operation as the well-known In

line Interceptors.

Developed to treat run-off from an area

of up to 0.30 ha, the Inlet Stormceptor has inherited the in

ternal by-pass function, ensuring that all sediment and oil removed from storm-

water run-off remains trapped within the storage chamber,even during peak flows.

There are currently more than 4,500 units installed throughout North America.

Storniceptor Canada Inc.

Circle reply card No. 217

Package Wastewater Plants

Developed for the treatment of larger catchment areas, the new Series Storm

ceptor system employs the same operat ing principles as the well-known Inline and Inlet Stormceptor systems. The sys tem receives flow from a single inlet pipe and splits it into two distinct streams, which are treated in two septirate treatment chambers before recombining into a sin gle outlet pipe. It effectively doubles the treatment area of the inline system.

Stormceptor Canada Inc.

Standard MSU, all aluminum, round

hatches fit precast manhole sections from 48" to 144" diameters, and are available

in two- and four-door configurations.

They are suited for leachate collector manholes in landfill sites. Custom con

figurations are available to meet special applications such as pumping stations.

MSU Mississanga Ltd.

Circle reply card No. 218

Circle reply card No. 219

True union plastic ball valve

Microprocessor controlled multi-gas monitor

Adapted to Your Needs

We have supplied Package Sewage Treat ment Plants worldwide. The Package Plant concept is a low cost, odourless plant, achieving a high degree of treat ment. It is economical, easy to install and operate, reliable, fulfills regulatory requirements and is ideal for any loca tion unable to connect to municipal sewer systems. Sanitherm Engineering Ltd.

Chemline's Type 21 ISOLATOR True Union Ball valve incorporates state-ofthe-art design features such as 230 psi pressure rating (up to 2"), double stem o-rings, safety shear stem design, inte gral actuator mounting, and more.

Circle reply card No. 220

Circle reply card No. 221

Designed to provide personal safety, the MicroMax is OSHA compliant. Its rug ged aluminum case provides RFI/EMI shielding, as well as dust, water and im pact resistance. It is designed, tested and manufactured under strict ISO 9001 qual ity systems,and is UL classified and CSA certified intrinsically safe for use in Class I, Division I and II, Groups A, B, C and D areas. Lumldor Safety Products Circle reply card No. 222

HEC-RAS/12D

Introducing the N-Pumps!

Flo-Get system launched

1/2" to 4" sizes are available in PVC, CPVC,PP, and PVDF materials.

Chemline Plastics

Years of research

coupled with cus tomer demands and

extensive

field trials have

Create a HEC-RAS model directly from a Digital Terrain Model (12D) and cre ate inundation maps from the results.

Complete integration between 12D and HEC-RAS allows water level results read

back into our 12D model. A water level

surface is automatically created and ready for presentation, plans production and further analysis. XP Software Circle reply card No. 223 74

produced a revo lutionary new pump design that combines high ef ficiency with Flygt's clog-free performance. The N-Pump series feature a radical new hydraulic end design which ensures efficient, clog-free, and troublefree pumping over extended periods. The result is improved operational economy due to less downtime,dramatically reduc ing the total life cost of the installation.

ITTFlygt Circle reply card No. 224

Flo-Get is an original Flygt system, which is used for the simultaneous aera

tion and mixing of all types of liquids.

Thousands of installations in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, liq uid manure, fish farming in all types of equalization tanks prove the reliability and efficiency of the system. The sys tem is based on coupling one or more Flygt submersible pumps to one or more ejectors. ITT Flygt Circle reply card No. 225

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Product and Service Showcase Underdrain system

High rate iron & manganese removal process

Geodesic domes & flat covers

iiSK

The AWI Phoenix Underdrain System is a complete underdrain system to optimize both vertical and horizontal pressure fil ters with the lowest profile available on the market,according to the manufacturer.

Its filtered water pick-up lateral orifice is

This process removes iron and mangan ese effectively using AWI's NSF approved, highly-reactive manganese dioxide filter media. It is cost-effective, flexible and eas

steel, it provides custom hydraulic distri bution with guaranteed uniform air scour

ily adaptable. For new water treatment facilities,filter area is greatly reduced with significant savings on capital and operat ing costs. For existing water treatment plants it doubles or triples capacity with the existing filter area and chemical costs

distribution. AWI

are diminished. AWI

<25 mm from the filter floor. Manufac tured from corrosion-resistant stainless

The Ultraflote Ultradome trademark is

now available in the Batten Quad Seal design. Ultraflote, established in 1972, is an international leader in the design, manu facture and installation of geodesic domes and flat covers. Ultraflote's attention to detail has been instmmental in the success

of dealing with difficult applications re quiring specific engineering and construc tion know-how and experience.

Donson Engineering & Contracting

Circle reply card No. 226

Circle reply card No. 227

Circle reply card No. 228

TEfTTCORÂŽ Aluminum Domes

Sollds/corroslve liquids pumps

Self-prlming pumps Because Gonnan-

Rupp centrifugal pumps are selfpriming, they can be mounted high and dry at floor level, with only

z For more than thirty years Temcor has been competitively producing aluminum Domes, Roofs and Covers for Potable

spall like concrete and doesn't degrade with ultraviolet light like fibreglass.

Greatario Engineered Storage Systems

Gorman-Rupp T Series'''''' pumps are de signed for economical, trouble-free op eration in handling solids-laden liquids and slurries. Pumps feature a large volute design which allows them to reprime automatically in a completely open systetn without the need for suction or di.scharge check valves. And they can do it with the pump casing only partially filled with liquid and a completely dry suction line. Gorman-Rupp

Circle reply card No. 229

Circle reply card No. 230

Well and pump performance

Chimney seals

Water and Wastewater applications in a wide variety of climates, successfully protecting your investment against the elements. Temcor's all aluminum prod ucts are lightweight, corrosion resistant, and maintenance free which translates to

longer life and lower maintenance costs.

Aluminum doesn't rust like steel, doesn't

the suction line

down in the liq uid. Service or

maintenance can be performed quickly and simply with common hand tools and without having to pull the pump. There are no long drive shafts to install and align, no hoists or cranes required, and no need for service personnel to enter the sump. Gorman-Rupp Circle reply card No. 231

Wastewater treatment

packages i

Need to reduce costs? Poor petformance and efficiency results in increased oper ating costs which go on, year after year.

Inexpensive field tests can assess well and pump performances,evaluate system efficiency, and detect developing prob lems. We provide recommendations to improve efficiency, implementation costs, and the projected annual savings.

International Water Supply Ltd.

Circle reply card No. 232

Affiliated with the Cretex Companies, Inc., Cretex Specialty Products was estab lished in September 1983 to market the Cretex Chimney Seals to the municipal and engineering community for sealing the frame chimney area of both existing and newly constructed manholes. The inflow of stormwater into any sewer system can be extremely costly. Cretex Chimney Seals are designed to reduce surcharging/ bypassing and to lower pumping and treat ments costs in a sanitary sewer system.

Cretex Specialty Products Circle reply card No. 233

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

SI

Paques ADI offers anaerobic wastewater treatment packages to industries having high-strength waste streams and supplies

these packages on a design-build basis.

Packages range from low-rate to ultrahigh-rate anaerobic and include up stream/downstream processes when re quired to complete a treatment train.

Systems range in size from compact(and modular) to large. Paques ADI Circle reply card No. 234 75

Product and Service Showcase Sample collection The

Portable soil analysis kit

Water analysis test kits catalogue

CHEMetrics, Inc's portable soil analysis

The CHEMetrics catalogue contains test

kit, meets the demand for on-site deter

kits and instruments for more than 50com

mination of Total Petroleum Hydrocar bons (TPH) across a wide range of soil types. The RemediAid'^' Kit was re cently validated by the USEPASuperfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) and the Environmental Technol ogy Verification (ETV) programs. The

mon water quality analysis parameters.

All kits feature self-filling reagent am poules that simplify and speed water qual ity testing. Applications for the products include pure water, drinking water, wastewater, and environmental water testing.

Industries served include petroleum refin

Whirl-Pak"

Speci-Sponge® Bag is now available in

three new ways: • with sterile phos phate buffer; • with sterile gloves; • with buffer and

gloves.

These options pro vide savings of time and money and provide a sample pack age with all the necessary components required to collect a sample. You can choose the option that best meets your sampling needs. The general-purpose buffer has a pH of 6.8 and optimizes the stability of growth of most organisms.

NASCO Canada

Circle reply cartd No. 235

Paperless recorder saves time and money

RemediAid Kit can determine TPHs

ing, chemical process, power generation,

across a wide range of soil types and pe troleum products. CHEMetrics, Inc. Circle reply card No. 236

water treatment, food and beverage and aquaculture. CHEMetrics,Inc. Circle reply card No. 237

Compact and intelligent

Digital communication

ultrasonic sensor

The Ecograph video-graphic

signed for continu

Prosonic M is de

recorder is an

ous

economical al

level measurement

ternative to pa per recorders

of liquids and sol ids in storage tanks, agitated tanks, .stockpiles, on con veyor belts or at conveyor transfer

because there are

no

con

sumables. It visualizes and documents

measured value sequences, monitors alarm set point and stores data. Meas ured data can be transmitted to a PC us

,,^1-

-jj,

non-contact

stations, or for tlow measurement in

ing diskette, serial interface, modem or Ethernet, where it can be analyzed and displayed with E+H Readwin® software (included), or transferred to other pro grams such as Excel. Endress -i- Hauser Circle reply card No. 238

open channels and weirs. Signal progres sion is shown as an envelope curve on the instrument display, providing instant per manent information during operations. No laptop is required. Endress -i- Hauser

Upgrade to the most

Onsite wastewater products

advanced free chlorine

distributor

Circle reply card No. 239

Auma's 2-wire digital communication keeps the customer in control. Commu nication protocols such as Modbus.

DeviceNet and Profiibus are very com plex and have been developed by the best computer communication minds in the industry. They allow the exchange of information between devices in the field,

e.g. actuators, sensors and controls, as required for the automation of control led processes. Troy-Ontor Inc.

Circle reply card No. 240

New DO sensor

sensor on the market today

Sand Filtration Inc. (SFl) is an onsite Dissolved Oxygen

the need for buffers or reagents, upgrade

wastewater products distributor, who pro vide engineered packages for small dia meter sewage collection sy.stems, Orenco Systems Inc., advanced sand filter sew age treatment plants, and remote telemetiy panels. They also provide septic tank ac

A revolutionary fluorescence sensor gives the Solinst LTDO Levelogger longterm stability and accurate recordings of dissolved oxygen. It does not consume oxygen, does not require stirring, and

to ProMinent's most advanced chlorine

cessories such as eflluent filters, risers,

does not react to contaminants. The

sensor technology, the innovative new CLE3.1 Sensor, www.prominent.ca

lids, and adaptors, and distribute Geoflow drip iiTigation products and AquaMats for sewage lagoons. Sand Filtration

LTDO can hold calibration for up to one year and has a memoiy capacity of 16,000 readings. Solinst Canada Ltd. Circle reply card No. 243

For direct continuous free chlorine

measurement in surface water without

ProMinent Fluid Controls

Circle reply card No. 241 76

Circle reply card No. 242

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Product and Service Showcase Open channel flow

MSDS plus CHEMINFO Service

measurements

Hfl

Canadian enviroOSH

Legisiation pius Standards The

Canadian

enviroOSH Leg islation plus Standards series

provides com plete text of all

Renaissance Instruments offers Parshall

and Palmer Bowlus flumes for open chan nel flow measurement applications.

MSDS plus CHEMINFO Service - Onestop access to the most comprehensive, upto-date collection of MSDSs and chemi

able from 4" to 60" sizes and in four con

cal information available anywhere! In cludes Material Safety Data Sheets ob tained directly from 600 North American manufacturers and suppliers. Helps you manage and comply with hazard commu nication, WHMIS and other right-to-know requirements quickly and efficiently!

figurations. Renaissance Instruments

CCOHS

Parshall flumes are available from 1" to

96" sizes with optional features: short sec tion flumes, integral stilling wells, end adapters and fittings for bubbler system tubes. Palmer Bowlus flumes are avail

Circle reply card No. 244

Circle reply card No. 245

Dissolved air flotation system

Biological removal of iron and

Canadian health,

safety and environmental legislation, plus critical guidelines and codes of practice.

You can click on referenced standards

and go directly to them with all the text, tables and graphics of the originals.

Referenced standards include links to more than 400 Canadian Standards As

sociation (CSA) standards and 100 Ca nadian General Standards Board(CGSB) standards. CCOHS

Circle reply card No. 246

Filter underdrains

manganese AQUAD&p

ONDEO Degremont presents a new solution for the clarification of surface

and ground water, especially with cold water and water with high TOC or col our. The simple yet very effective AquaDAF''''^ system provides operating rates unequalled by conventional flota tion technologies. It enables an excel lent algae, Cryptosporidium and Giardia removal without requiring polymer in most applications. ONDEO Degremont Circle reply card No. 247

Reducing hydrogen sulfide from gas and air streams

ONDEO Degremont offers an ecological and economical solution for removing iron and manganese from groundwater.

The Ferazur''''^' Mangazur'^" system uses the natural microorganisms already present in water to oxidize Fe and Mn. The innovativeness and performance of the system has been recognized by the 2001 Technological Innovation Award of the Ministere des Affaires Municipales, QC. ONDEO Degremont Circle reply card No. 248

Parkson has introduced a new underdrain

Flexible urethane coating

Pre-engineered pump and monitoring packages

ented

iron-oxide

coated filter media,up to 99.99% of H,S is removed. With a one minute contact time,

concentrations as high as 30,000 ppm have been reduced to below 1 ppm. MEDIA G2ÂŽ is capable of multiple regenerations without chemicals or backwashing. ADI can provide complete systems to meet any size need. ADI International

the field labour associated with the in stallation of the filter underdrain. Indi

vidual cell modules are completely shop assembled, including the installation of porous plates. The system eliminates many of the difficulties inherent in field assembly of the traditional underdrain.

Parkson Corporation

Circle reply card No. 249

Pre-Engineered Pump and Monitoring Packages

ADI International Inc. announces a new ad

sorption process for the reduction of hy drogen sulfide from gas and air streams.

With MEDIA G2ÂŽ, the company's pat

design for traveling bridge filters. The SmartCelF^' system eliminates most of

Irathane 162 is a two-component polyurethane coating system which provides high flexibility and excellent resistance to petroleum derivatives such as fuels and oils, as well as to wear,abrasion,impact, weath ering and UV. Ideal for protecting concrete and steel in primary and secondary contain ment applications, it also offers excellent resistance to chemical sluiTies and water

solutions at ambient temperatures.

ITW Devcon Engineered Coatings

Circle reply card No. 250 Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Circle reply card No. 251

Metcon offers a

variety of pre-engineered, fabri cated metering and control pack ages, as well as design and fabri cation of custom

systems. Pack aged panels are corrosion resistant, pre-engineered, pre packaged, completely self-contained packages with chemical metering pumps, all necessary piping, appurtenances and fittings assembled and tested. Premounted packages are a cost-effective way of ensuring reliable systems.

Metcon Sales & Engineering

Circle reply card No. 252 11

Product and Service Showcase COD measuring systems

Activated sludge process

Immersed ultrafiltration membranes The ZeeWeedÂŽ 500 series of im mersed ultrafiltra tion membranes is

the only mem brane in the in The EloxMonitor is suitable for almost

dustry engineered

every COD measurement in sewage treat

with a reinforced

ment and industrial applications. The au tomatic ranging allows the determination

hollow fiber. The

of COD values between 1 and 100,000 mg/1. Within 30 seconds, a measuring

value of the actual delivered sample is available. This makes possible the deter mination ofstrong, short successive spikes of the COD in the daily survey (fluctua tions). Can-Am Instruments

rugged fibers, combined with an open module design, allow operation in high levels of suspended solids. The mem brane simplifies conventional processes and provides a long membrane life, even under the harshest operating conditions.

ZENON Environmental Inc.

Circle reply card No. 254

sludge process that incorporates an anoxic selector zone and upflow sludge blanket clarifier into a compact bioreactor. USBF effectively and eco nomically treats municipal and industrial wastewaters. USBF can also be used for

wastewater reclamation systems and is ideal for upgrading existing treatment plants. Visit: www.ecofluid.com Ecofluid

Circle reply card No. 253

pH System loop, line or battery-powered

Ecofluid USBF is a modified activated

Circle reply card No. 255

Portable ultrasonic flow meter

Two Point PRV Controller

The Q45P pH sys tem combines a

microprocessorbased

monitor/ Mliil'""

analyzer with a rugged industrial sensor.

Sensor

components are made of PEEK

thermoplastic. Other features include dual O-iing seals, replaceable saltbridge, and custom double-shielded cable. The moni

tor is easily converted from a loop-pow ered device into a line-powered controller with relays, or battery-powered portable unit, using optional plug-in cards.

Quantum Analytical Instruments Inc. Circle reply card No. 256

The Series TFXP Portable Transit Time

fit

How Meter features an advanced non-in

ControlMate-2 is a low cost controller

vasive flow measurement technology,and provides a system with great accuracy, ver satility and ease of installation. Designed primarily for cleaner liquids, it can reli ably measure liquids containing moderate amounts of suspended solids or aeration, for long or short-term flow measurement surveys on full pipe liquid systems. Pipe

that enables the pressure into a zone to be switched between two pre-set values ("low" and "high") according to the de mand (flow rate) or the time of day. An internal battery with an expected opera tional life of over five years supplies power. The ControlMate -2 enables the pressure-reducing valve(PRV)to be con trolled reliably and safely.

diameters from 1"(25mm)to 100"(2,540 mm). Dynasonics

Hetek Solutions Inc.

Circle reply card No. 257

Circle reply card No. 258

Large digester covers

Noise control panels

Big tough pumps for big tough jobs

GL&V/Dorr-Oliver is the leading sup plier oflarge primary and secondary(gas holder) digester covers manufactured of

EckousticÂŽ Functional Panels(EFPs)pro

steel or stainless steel. This modem de

vide a more comfortable acoustic envi

sign features external stiffeners and a

ronment. By reducing noise levels, thereby lessening worker fatigue, EFPs promote safety and help improve produc tivity. EFPs can quickly add sound ad sorption to compressor rooms, blower rooms and pump rooms.

Eckel Industries, Inc. Circle reply card No. 260

CH&E pumps are self-priming, hard working and long lasting according to the manufacturer. Features include: heavyduty designs for the rigors of construc tion site dewatering; excellent for high suction lift, medium discharge head ap plications; and are available in sizes to fit most any job from 1 1/2" to 6", up to 100,000 GPH. ABS Pumps Circle reply card No. 261

clear uncluttered interior surface for minimum maintenance. Photo shows a

70'(21 m) gasholder recently being in stalled. Sizes to 110'(33.5 m)are oper ating; larger are available.

GL&V/Dorr-Oliver

Circle reply card No. 259 78

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Industry Update

Taking oxygen out of ballast water could stem

Invasive species

aquatic organisms from one port to an other. These invasive species have changed habitats, carry huge economic costs, and are thought to have contrib uted to 70 percent of native aquatic spe cies extinctions in the last 100 years.

Current solutions to sterilizing bal

lution that removes the majority of or ganisms found in ballast water while also providing an economic benefit for ship owners.

"Deoxygenation was seen as too ex pensive for controlling invasive species in ballast water but our study shows that

last water, such as filtration, heat treat

the anticorrosion benefit of this tech

ments and poisons,are expensive,could possibly pose dangers to ship crews,and can harm the surrounding environment where the treated waters are discharged.

Deoxygenation is said to be the first so

nique is a strong economic incentive for the shipping industry," said Tamburri.

"It's a win-win treatment for solving an environmental problem and reducing ship maintenance costs." â?&#x2013;

Removing oxygen from water used as

pro aqua

ballast in ocean going vessels could help stem the spread of invasive species, while also protecting the ships from cor rosion, a new study suggests. A novel method for combating ship ballast tank corrosion-using nitrogen gas to remove oxygen from the ballast water- presents a rare win-win solution for the shipping industry and environmentalists, says marine ecologist Mario Tamburri of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research In stitute(MBARI), who led the study re ported in the January issue of the jour nal Biological Conservation.

shadrack

Previous research has shown that

ballast water from the shipping indus try transports enormous numbers of

Pro Aqua + Shadrack Inc. offers a full line of water and wastewater treatment equipment including:

Federal, Alberta and

Ontario governments sign Memorandum of

Understanding The governments of Canada, Alberta and Ontario signed a new Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) with the Ca nadian Chemical Producers'Association

(CCPA) February 13, 2002, that will lead to a reduction in pollutants,includ ing those causing smog. The objectives are to prevent and reduce the release of toxic and other chemical substances

through voluntary,non-regulatory action by encouraging and publicly recogniz ing progress on the part ofthe CCPA and its member companies.

The MOU was developed in coop eration with industry, the Government of Canada,the provinces of Alberta and

Mechanical Bar, Fine and Rotary Screens Grit Removal Equipment Screenings and Grit Screw Conveyors Primary Clarifiers Tube and Plate Settlers RBCs

Aeration Equipment Secondary Clarifiers Digester Covers Rotary Presses Heat Exchangers/Sludge Heaters Belt Presses

Sludge Cake Storage and Conveying UV Disinfection

Membrane Systems For Water and Wastewater Treatment Vacuum Sludge Drying Beds

Ontario who account for over 80% of

chemical production in Canada, and non-govemmental organizations includ ing Pollution Probe and two members of the CCPA Advisory Panel for Responsible Care. â?&#x2013; Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Pro Aqua -t- Shadrack are located at 588 Edward Avenue, Unit 41, Richmond Hill, ON,L4C 9Y6 Tel: 905-787-8700, Fax: 905-787-8989

For more information, circle reply card No. 186 (See page 25)

79

Classifieds

—

FILTER MEDIA

'

Ontario stiffens penalties

—

ANTHRACITE

'

REQUEST FOR

for environmental

PROPOSALS

Infractions

QUALITY FILTER SAND & GRAVEL CARBON - GARNET - ILMENITE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

AMMTO is soliciting proposals for waste treatment technologies that

4

nth raf"liter

will advance livestock manure man

Media & Coal Ltd.

agement. For details please visit our web site at:

20 SHARP ROAD,R.R.#6, BRANTFORD,ONTARIO N3T5L8

V

TEL:(519)751-1060 FAX:(519)751-0617

J

ww w.res2.agr.ca/i nitiati ves/ manurenet/en/AMMTO

For more information, circie reply card No. 130

"For Cost Effective Pumping" A company in the Cardo Group

ABS has the most comprehensive range on the market.

Elizcibeth Wilmer Sales & Service

• Sewage Pumps - Submersible & Dry Pit • Portable Dewatering Pumps

Environmental offenders could face

• Mixers - Submersible & Conventional • Aerators - Submersible • Submersible Grinder Pumps

penalties of up to $10,000 a day under Ontario's proposed Administrative Pen alties Regulations, says Environment

• Effluent Pumps • Stock & Process Pumps - PPI • Chemical Pumps • Canned Motor Pumps ABS Pumps Corporation, 1215 Meyerslde Drive, Unit 7, Mississauga, Ontario L5T IH.f Phone: I-800-988-2610 or (905)670-4677, Fax:(905)670-.5709, Web: www.abspumps.com Callfor the Representative nearest you

For more information, circle reply card No. 131

■A(JU£l/S2Af

CORP.

High Pressure Water Jetting Liquid/Dry Vacuum Services

77 ORCHARD ROAD

A

AJAX, ONTARIO L1S6K9

TEL: (905) 619-3009 FAX: (905) 619-3638

Minister Elizabeth Witmer. If enacted,

the Ministry of the Environment would be able to impose monetary penalties for a broad range of clear and simple infrac tions without going to court. Typical infractions include failing to submit re ports on time or not complying with some operating conditions.

"Administrative penalties will send a strong message that no one will be able to disregard even the most basic envi ronmental laws," said Witmer. "The

Waste Water Treatment

proposed regulations are an important step toward a comprehensive, more flex ible set of tools for ensuring compli

Sponge Jet Cleaning For more information, circle reply card No. 132

ance."

Other measures include:

Digester Cleaning,Dewatering,Dredging, Disposal Complete Services

^^^^.Tfimax Residuals an American Water Services company

800-465-21 15 www.trimaxenv.com | www.americanwaterservices.com

For more information, circle reply card No. 134

• The toughest fines and longest jail terms in Canada for major environmen tal offenders.

• A permanent environmental SWAT Team - a highly mobile inspection and enforcement unit formed to crack down

on deliberate and repeat polluters.

• A toll-free, 24-hour public hotline for reporting acts of pollution.

An Administrative Penalties Regula tion has been designed for each of the Environmental Protection Act, the On tario Water Resources Act, and the Pes

'"A • Water/Wastewater Facility Clean out Services • Digester/Lagoon Clean out Specialists • High-pressure Water Blasting • Mobile Screening/Dewatering Units

• Spills Response

2 519.752-0837

• Biosolids Management • Biosolids Land Application • Public Relations & Nutrient Management Planning • Turnkey Facility Management • Third Party Compliance & Auditing • Comprehensive Technical Assistance

@ www.wessuc.com

fi 519-752-0840

For more information, circle reply card No. 135 80

ticides Act. The three proposed regula tions have been posted on the Environ mental Bill of Rights (EBR) registry for a 90-day public comment period. The proposed regulations set out the viola tions subject to monetary penalties, the amounts that could he imposed and the process to he followed when calculat ing a penalty.

Contact: www.ene.aov.on.ca

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Industry Update

Sudbury chooses Zenon Technology for drinking water plant upgrade

machines. After pulverizing snow with an average density of 500 kg/m' to pre vent plugging or bridging in the hopper

The City of Greater Sudbury has hired engineering consultant CH2M HILL to retrofit and upgrade the existing David

the melting capacity of the sewer's wa solid or liquid form,depending on speci

Easily installed on top of main sewer collectors, the snow disposal machines quickly reduce unsightly mounds of "dirty" snow, operate with a minimum of noise, and comply with provincial environmental regulations.

Contact: mcouture@johnmeunier

Street Water Treatment Plant and allow

fications and local conditions.

.com.

or sewer shaft, the machine then utilizes ter. Snow sent to the sewer is in either

the city to meet the requirements of the new Ontario Drinking Water Protection Regulation, which outlines more strin gent standards for drinking water treat

A&A

Weed® 1000. Wastewater produced from this process will then be sent to a second stage where the ZeeWeed® 500c, Zenon's product for wastewater treat

MEMBER

environmental

ment.

Water from Lake Ramsey will be treated using Zenon's newest product for the drinking water market - the Zee-

,

SERVICES INC. Environmental Consultants www.aandaenv.com/

Soil, Groundwater & Air Studies ,Investigations Burlington -f St. Catharines Woodstock -f North Bay -f Kirkiand Lake -f Timmins -f Thunder Bay-f Winnipeg Dr. George Duncan, President (705)567 4996 Fax:(705)568 8368

ment, will further filter the water, result

ing in greater than 99% recovery.

Environmental consulting engineers and scientists specializing in

Expected completion is set for 2003.

wa/er resources planniug ivciler siij}})ly, transmission and treatment wastewater collection and treatment

The city of Saint-Laurent, Quebec now has three

snow disposal machines on-hand In the St. Lawrence River Valley of

Acres &

Associated

electrical engineering, instrumentation and controls municipal infraslruclutv services

A

solid waste and hazardous materials management geo-environmental investigations and site ivmediation

Environmental Limited

environmental assessments and planning

525-21 Four Seasons Place, Toronto, Ontario M9B 6J8•Tel(416)622-9502•Fax(416)622-6249 4342 Oueen Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2E 6W1•Tel(905)374-4470•Fax(905)374-8365

Quebec, cities like Saint-Laurent used

to pile snow in dumps or discharge di rectly into the river. Such dumps re quired large amounts of valuable land, and river dumping is now illegal.

With the help of USFilter's John Meunier Products,in 1998,the city suc cessfully developed a new Snow Man agement Program, purchasing and in stalling the first two DOGENS® snow disposal machines for commercial use.

In 2001, the city added another machine

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According to Robert Fortin, engi neering manager from the city of SaintLaurent, the first two snow disposal ma chines purchased by the city have al ready paid for themselves. "We sold the former snow dumping site to commer cial developers and are now receiving important tax income from the newly developed area. In addition, the citizens

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81

Industry Update Environmental, Transportation & Industrial Engineering

Alberta's environment

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Highlights of the annual report in clude:

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• Initiated the Water Strategy, a compre hensive, cross-ministry approach, to ef fectively manage and sustain the qual ity and quantity of Alberta's water.

• The first national Business Plan on Cli

mate Change was approved, committing action on climate change, as well as ongoing participation with Climate Change Central.

• Conducted 10 mobile air quality sur veys and initiated five more over 102 days using the Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory (MAML).

• The enforcement and monitoring pro gram initiated 5,800 environmental charges with resulting penalties of more than $ 1 million.

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water, lands, forests, fish and wildlife

continue to be well protected by the Al berta government. The report lists ma jor environmental initiatives and activi ties that were undertaken last fiscal year

by Alberta Environment and its boards, which include the Environmental Ap peal Board and the Natural Resources

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nual report says that the province's air,

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• Substantial areas for parks and pro tected areas were set aside, including the creation of 13 new sites and expansion of three additional sites through the Spe cial Places program.

• More than 6,000 convictions were ob

tained and nearly $620,000 in fines col

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• The report said that timber harvests throughout the province were below the annual allowable cut.

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ton (780-422-2079), toll-free by first calling 310-0000.

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Industry Update Suncor and CH2M HILL

conclude greenhouse gas emissions management audit

V

FUNGI & BACTERIA ID & ENUMERATION

V TOTAL SPORE COUNTS(AIR-O-CELL, BURKARD, ALLERGENCO) V V

INDOOR ALLERGEN TESTING SEWAGE CONTAMINATION IN BUILDINGS

V

MATERIALS, PARTICLE & DUST CHARACTERIZATION

V V V

EULL PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION & SIZING DUST MITES/ MOTH SCALES & ARTHROPOD FRAGMENTS ASBESTOS/LEAD/METALS /SILICA /CHEMISTRY

EMSL Analytical, Inc. participates in the AIHA EMPATprogram

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GAP EnviroMicrobial Services Inc.

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Microbiology Laboratory & Consulting * Cryptosporldium & Glardia * Microorganism Identification * Rapid E.coli recreational water

Gartner

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The firm has also been retained to iden

tify and evaluate GHG emission reduc tion opportunities among key produc tion and distribution operations.

Currently, a universal and global standard for measuring and reporting

CSeomatrix Cansuit:ant:s

and coalitions. These include the World

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Resources Institute/World Business

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towards an international standard for

measuring and reporting GHG emis sions, which is being led by World Re

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sources InstituteAVorld Business Coun

cil for Sustainable Development. The US EPA has recently selected CH2M HILL to develop industrial sector meas urement and reporting protocols for Cli mate Leaders, the new voluntary US federal GHG emissions tracking and reporting program.

Although neither Canada nor the US currently has a federal requirement to report GHG emissions, there are indi cations that these requirements are on the horizon. Eor example, the state of Oregon makes GHG offsets part of the requirements for issuing permits for new power plants.

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Suncor Energy Inc. retained CH2M HILL Canada Ltd. to evaluate the qual ity of their current GHG (greenhouse gas) measurement and reporting proc esses, and to improve the existing sys tem to meet rigorous global standards.

mental Defense Partnership for Climate Action, the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers reporting stand

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83

Industry Update • Design and supervision of groundwater exploration programs

Lotowater ltd.

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Environmental Science

iro

MacViro Consultants Inc. 90 Allstate Parkway, Suite 600, Markham, Ontario L3R 6H3 (905)475-7270 « Fax:(905)475-5994 E-Maii: reception Omacviro.com Web site: www.macviro.com

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following an announcement by Hamil ton police that charges have been laid as a result of the investigation of Fine Analysis Laboratories.

Ministry staff have been instructed to no longer accept any analytical results submitted by either Fine Analysis Labo ratories, or by laboratories using Fine Analysis Laboratories as a sub-contrac tor, or by any organization regulated by the ministry.

The MOL has notified organizations regulated by the ministry that: •the Ministry will not accept any results from Fine Analysis Laboratories; • the organization should undertake im mediate retesting of any results it has accepted from Fine Analysis Laborato ries; and

• the organization must notify the min istry immediately of any suspect results that are identified as a result of retesting

Toronto, Calgary, Mississauga, Whitby 80 Commerce Valley Drive East, Thornhill, ON L3T 7N4 Telephone: 905-882-1100

The Ontario Ministry of Environment took action February 15,to suspend use of analytical results from Fine Analysis Laboratories Limited. The MOL acted

Engineering &

Ma

Ontario MOE takes action

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and outline its course of action to rec

tify the problem.

The Ministry said it would notify mu

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ing Hamilton police in their investiga tion since the ministry brought concerns about the possibility of forged analysis to the attention of the police in January 2001. As part of the search warrant op eration, the MOL provided staff from its Laboratory Services and Investiga tion and Enforcement branches to assist

RESTORATION ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRACTORS 1-800-894-4924 ASBESTOS • LEAD • ABATEMENT • DEMOLITION • FOB'S • MOULD www.environmentaihazards.com www.toxicmold.ca 84

nicipal waterworks owners, municipal landfill operations,industrial landfill op erations, hazardous and liquid industrial waste management facilities - includ ing generators, haulers and receivers and environmental consulting compa nies about its actions regarding Fine Analysis Laboratories.

On February 12,2002, Hamilton po

police. The MOL continues to assist po lice with their investigation.

Laboratories that perform drinking water analysis under Ontario's regula tion 459 must be accredited through the Standards Council of Canada upon the recommendation of the Canadian Asso

ciation of Environmental Analytical Laboratories. The ministry has notified owners of three municipal waterworks

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

Industry Update about the police investigation of Fine Analysis Laboratories. It has also noti

Offices across North America

fied the Standards Council of Canada

w

and the Canadian Association of Envi

ronmental Analytical Laboratories that Fine Analysis Laboratories is under in vestigation for allegations of forged analysis.

Toxic chemicals in the St. Lawrence A stream of toxic chemicals flowing

Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Aiberta British Columbia

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down the St. Lawrence River "shocked"

citizen environmental investigators in late January. Members of environmen tal groups Societe pour Vaincre la Pol lution(SVP)and the Environmental Bu reau of Investigation (EBI) found the slick during what the groups call "a rou tine investigation" at the Technoparc Saint Laurent, an advanced technology research park situated on an old hazard

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ous waste site in Greater Montreal.

The slick was estimated to extend architects

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400 metres down the St. Lawrence River

from the waste site, situated next to the

Victoria Bridge, less than two kilome TEL:(905)668-9363•WHITEY•Fax:(905)668-0221

tres from downtown Montreal. Mark

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immediately called Environment Cana da's 24-hour emergency hotline for pol lution and spills. Green and Mattson said they would deliver the results of the sampling to Environment Canada as soon as lab analyses were complete.

Historically, the site was used to bury

E-mail: tsh@tsh.ca Web site: www.tsh.ca

iimcr Ontario

Manitoba Saskatctiewan Alberta

domestic and industrial waste until

British Columbia

1966. It was then covered with asphalt to be used as a parking lot for the Expo

Northern Territories

& Internationally

'67 World's Fair. Then, it was used as a

small city airport until 1972.

The city of Montreal assumed re sponsibility for the Technoparc site in the 1980s and decided to develop it into a park dedicated to research in advanced technology.

Water & Wastewater Europe The Acropolis Congress Hall, Nice, France, March 4-6, 2003

BARBIE • BRACEBRiDGE • COBOURG • KINGSTON • LONDON OHAWA • SAULT STE. MARIE • ST. CATHARINES • WATERLOO

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• Hydrogeology Investigation /Modelling • Environmental Site Assessment/Auditing • Remediation and Decommissioning • Environmental Management Systems

The conference and exhibition will fea

ture leading representatives from the water and wastewater sector, and ad

dress key issues in this region.

For further details, please contact: Koula Karayianni, Event Manager, PennWell Corporation, PennWell House, Horseshoe Hill, Upshire, Essex, EN9 3SR, Tel: +44 (0) 1992 656 631, Fax: +44 (0) 1992 656 704, E-mail: koula® pennwell.com

Interested in advertising your company in this space?

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Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

85

Industry Update

Toxic waste landfills pose birth defect risks Women living within three kilometres

with a chromosomal birth defect, such as Down's Syndrome, concludes a new

regulated landfills."

The UK health ministry was more cautious, downplaying health fears but confirming other research. Last year, a government funded study found a 1%

study published in the UK medicaljour

increase in the risk of birth defects in

of hazardous waste landfill sites have a

SiSiH

40% greater risk of conceiving a child

nal The Lancet.

babies born from mothers within two

The findings are a companion to 1998 results suggesting a 33% increase in the

kilometres of a landfill site, and a 7% increase for those born from mothers

risk of non-chromosomal birth anoma

living near sites accepting hazardous

lies such as spina bifida.

waste.

Both studies were carried out under

the European Commission funded

landfill sites," and called for immediate

"Eurohazcon" project, and involved epidemiological research in the vicinities of 23 landfills accepting hazardous waste in Denmark, Italy, Belgium,

government action to reduce landfilling of hazardous wastes by increasing landfill tax rates and setting statutory targets.

Britain's waste industry responded angrily, dismissing the Eurohazcon re

Friends of the Earth charges that the government's Waste Strategy does little to reduce the amount of hazardous and

industrial waste sent to landfill, merely setting a non-statutory target to reduce the amount by 15% by 2005.

Erance and England.

The latest findings have sparked a battle in the UK where eight of the study

search as "irrelevant and sensationalist."

landfill sites are located. Friends of the

perseded and widely criticised bench

search into chemical causes of chromo

Earth UK said the research "adds to our

mark," said trade association ESA, and

somal anomalies and levels of resident

concerns for babies born near toxic

"is quite simply irrelevant to modern

exposure to substances from landfills.

BC's recycling regs to protect drinking water

tation and is supported by municipal

ard. The geotextile products must pass tests for minimum levels of water perme ability, appai-ent opening size, and static puncture strength using a 50 mm probe.

A statement released by ASTM called circular-knit geotextiles a "cost and time saver" used in applications including golf courses, highways and agriculture.

A new organic matter recycling regula tion will make British Columbia the first

jurisdiction in North America to limit the use of recycled organic materials in drinking water watersheds.

Standards set by the regulation are more stringent than those developed by the United States and are equal to those used in Europe. As well, the regulation gives medical health officers the ability to veto the use of recycled organic mate

rial where it could threaten public health.

Under the changes, the process of recy cling organic material will adhere to strict peifomiance-based standards. For exam

ple, all material used in drinking water supply areas must be pasteurized by heat ing it for a specific length of time to eliminate disease-carrying organisms.

Changes in the compo.sting and recycling regulatoiy framework will reduce landfill and incineration costs by allowing local governments to recycle materials that previously required pennits.

Recycled materials will also provide mining operations with a product that can be used to reclaim mines and gravel pits. Similarly, forestry companies, farmers and topsoil manufacturers will benefit by having access to nutrients that are more effective and less expensive than chemical fertilizers.

The amended regulatory framework has undergone extensive public consul 86

The article "relies on an obsolete, su

governments, agriculture, health and recycling groups.

That's a wrap it's official A US-based manufacturer of circular-

knit geotextiles was instrumental in the publishing of a landmark Standard Specification that helps differentiate this niche product from competitors. Carriff Corporation Inc. and its Director of Operations John Knip, led a task force that co-authored D 6707, a new Stand

ard Specification for circular-knit geo textiles for use in subsurface drainage applications. The Standard was pub lished by The American Society for Test ing & Materials (ASTM), November

The Eurohazcon researchers ac

knowledge their findings do not prove a causal link. They suggest more re

NS agreement targets environmental training Nova Scotians planning to buy a home will be able to rely on their real estate practitioner to help them understand how to maintain their on-site sewage disposal system. This will make it easier for homeowners to protect their invest ment as well as the environment. The

Nova Scotia Department of Environ

2001, and is believed to be the first of

ment and Labour and the Nova Scotia

its kind in the US industry.

Subsurface drainage pipes are wrapped with circular-knit geotextile to prevent them from filling with sand or sediment. The fabric is applied to the outside of pipe, thus eliminating the need to wrap an entire trench. "Previ ously, the only published standards for geotextiles were written for non-woven products," said Jim Goddard, Chief En gineer for Carriff customer Advanced Drainage Systems and a member of the

Association of Realtors have agreed to co-operate on the development and de livery of an On-site Sewage Disposal Systems Awareness course. The threehour pilot course was to be delivered in

D 6707 task force.

The Specification assures design en gineers and specifiers that the product specified will consistently meet the stand

March 2002.

Municipal sewer systems only cover about 60% of Nova Scotia homes.

Homeowners who buy in communities that use on-site septic systems often have little or no experience with these sys tems. Without proper maintenance, the systems can begin to malfunction, pos sibly leading to expensive repairs and other environmental concerns for the homeowner.

Environmental Science & Engineering, March 2002

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