3rd Year Architecture Portfolio

04/11/2022

Eryn La Fleur 3rd Year Architecture Portfolio

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Index

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3

Elements Project House of Healing in Morocco

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15

Sustainable Campus Solar-powered Workstations

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22

Third Year Major Project Living City in Cape Town CBD

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36

Landscapes of Memory Decolonial Museum at Rhode’s Memorial

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1

Elements Project Water Studio- House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Tasked with designing a house of healing within the city of Tamegroute in Morocco to heal a chosen mental health condition. Using the element water as a point of inspiration for the building’s form, program or function.

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Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Site- Tamegroute, Morocco Hydrographic Map W 30.2639° N, 5.6800°

The town of Tamegoute is sustained by the Draa river which flows down into the valley from the High Atlas Mountains. Being situated in such hot and dry region, the river plays a key role in sustaining life in Tamegroute.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Source: Alamy

Source: Wikimedia Commons

The people of Tamegroute designed a complex water system leads the water from the Draa river through into the town. The presence of the river allows for several species of plants to grow in what became the Palmery that sits adjacent to the main urban area.

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Palmery Site Analysis

Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Sun and Wind

The palmery creates a quiet and cool environment under the shade of the date palm trees but is not completely separated from other people as there are smaller settlements of people who live within the Palmery in Kasbahs (multi-family homes).

Irrigation Channels

As we were able to choose the site that we wanted to work on either within the Palmery or in the town, I chose to locate my house of healing within a small community in the Palmery. In designing a house of healing to treat particular a mental health condition, I wanted to ensure that the buidling did not feel isolated in a way that would stigmatize the people who needed to go there.

Movement Accross Site 5

Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Palemry Site and PTSD Spatial Visualization Exercise

Choice and Power

PTSD is a debilitating mental illnes son that I want this building to off so that they can experience and re engaging with different parts of th the sensory experience of the elem

nd Power

Choice and Power Choice and Power itating mental illness and can often lead affected people feelingChoice like they do not have control over their feelings.

It is for this reaand Power this building to offer visitors with several choices by way of rooms to enter, seats to take, windows to open, stairs to climb etc. isalso a debilitating mental illness can oftenmental leadinaffected people do notpeople have control PTSD is to aand debilitating illness and canfeeling often like leadthey affected feelingover like their they feelin do n n experience and regain control over this one aspect of their life.PTSD I PTSD would like formental the building becan interactive that visitors is a debilitating illness and often lead affected people feeling like they do not have control over their fe son that I want this buildingson to offer with several choices by way with of rooms to enter, seats take, windows open, that opening Ivisitors want this building to offer visitors several choices by to way of rooms to to enter, se different parts of the building can trigger a water-related outcome e.g. a fountain flowing, a sloos etc. thus enhancing son that I want this building to offer visitors with several choices by way of rooms to enter, seats to take, windows to ope so that they can experiencesoand regain over this and one regain aspect control of their over life. I this would also like for to be intera that they control can experience one aspect of the theirbuilding life. I would also perience of the element within the spaces. so that they can experience and regain control over this one aspect of their life. I would also like for the building to be int Post-traumatic stress disorder

engaging with different parts of the building can trigger water-related e.g.aawater-related fountain flowing, a sloose.g. opening et engaging with different partsa of the buildingoutcome can trigger outcome a fount Choice and Power engaging with different parts of the building can trigger a water-related outcome e.g. a fountain flowing, a sloos opening the sensory experience of the element within the spaces.

Further Spatial Exploration the sensory experience of the element within the spaces. the sensory experience of the element within the spaces.

PTSD is a mental health condition that develops after a person goes through any particularly traumatic event be it war, abuse or abandonment. When this person remembers that event, it can trigger a severe anxiety response and can cause them to re-live their trauma. This leads to cases of anxiety, depression and insomnia and may lead the person to developing an addiction in the hope of coping with the overwhelming feelings. It can however be treated through a combination of medication and various forms of therapy which can empower the person in their being able to regain control over their lives.

PTSD is a debilitating mental illness and can often lead af son that I want this building to offer visitors with several c so that they can experience and regain control over this o engaging with different parts of the building can trigger a the sensory experience of the element within the spaces.

Conceptual Diagrams

Design Intentions I wanted this house of healing to be a space that helps people move through a journey of healing from confronting the triggers that try to send them back to their traumatic event to learning to cope with them along with the anxiety for them to move forward with their lives.

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Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Model Exploration for Form Development Exploration of how water affects different materials

Carving

This model was a way of exploring how the ideas developed in the exploration could be developed into architectural form.

My thinking revolved around 3 main points: We went through a series of material explorations in studio with the intention to visualise the effect that water has on different materials. I began imagining the different forms that could be made from different materials by carving out cavities within them. I became quite interested in the idea of dark, expansive, cavernous spaces that could have a simple exterior but a more layered interior.

1. Making use of the massive wall that was present along the site 2. Being mindful of the date palm trees 3. Making use of the irrigation channels that are present within the palmery to bring water into the scheme

Hollowing

The resulting form is one that tries to invite people into the house of healing, allows them to gather and experience the sense of community within the public space of the courtyard before commencing their healing experience by going down into the healing space.

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Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Precedent- Sancaklar Mosque Emre Arolat Architecture

Group Therapy Space

Wind Tower Therapy Rooms

Stereotomic religious building

Framing Walls

Low lighting Interesting ceiling design

Source: RIBA

Built into the ground

Courtyard

Hall

Site plan of Resulting Design at 1:1000

The design is burried into the ground to make use of the earth’s insulating qualities within Tamegroute’s arid climate (a strategy deployed largely within the region) and to ensure the height of the structure would not stand out among the surrounding buildings to allow the design to blend in with its surroundings 8

Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Resulting House of Healing The structure is stereotomic. It embeds itself into the ground and is comprised of adobe brick walls which define the interior spaces. As the building is a PTSD treatment centre, I wanted to create spaces that felt protected and enclosed to contrast with the openness of the designed courtyard.

Ground Floor Level

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1. Courtyard 2. Feet washing Space 3. Group Therapy Space 4. Bathrooms 5. Prayer Hall 6. Therapy Rooms

Section through Wind Tower

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Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

House of Healing- Plans

House of Healing- Interior As visitors move through the courtyard and down the stairs, they are able to turn to the left toward a quiet room with a small waterfall for quite reflection and meditation or to the right toward the prayer hall. The primary wall of the design is tilted slightly off axis to allow it to function as the Qibla, pointing toward Mecca. The hall is divided by a series of arched columns which are offset to create an interlacing effect, a motif often seen within Islamic art and architecture.

Basement Level

The space is one of contrasts. It is enclosed and buried to create a sense of safety for the patients seeking treatment but it is open and detailed. The intention was to create a safe but possibly slightly uncomfortable space where patients seeking treatment for their PTSD would be able to slowly be introduced to their triggers and past traumas to help them cope with their mental health conditions 10

Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

Cooling Diagram and Drawings

Northern Elevation

Sothern Elevation

The wind tower design was inpired by one designed by MAS Architecture Studio’s tower that was displayed at Dubai Design Week in 2019.

The wind tower in my design catches wind from a height above the design and pulls it down from the high pressure at the top of the tower to the low pressure over the reflection pool in the prayer hall. The air uses its heat energy to evaporate the water of the reflection pool thus bringing cooler air into the halls interior.

This air is then pull up and out of the interior spaces by the solar chimney’s connected to the therapy rooms.

Source: dezeen

Stepped Section 11

1:20 Technical Section

Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

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Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

1:10 Tech Details

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Reflection Pool Detail

Solar Chimney Detail

Corrugated iron roof 40x40mm Galvanized steel equal angles

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

10mm Galvanised steel fixing plate 100mm Reinforced concrete slab connecting roof with adobe wall Mud plaster as wall finish

Pool water Green Tamegroute tiles lining the inside of the pool 0.25mm Waterproofing layer 120mm Reinforced concrete slab

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Monolithic concrete steps

500mm Adobe earth brick wall

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Waterproofing membranes are lapped under each other to form a secure seal 20mm thick ceramic tiles 75mm Sand binding layer laid over compacted earth DPM

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Interior of solar chimney painted with black paint to enhance solar absoption Glazed opening facing south

Water outlet connected to rain chain

Continuous date palm beam supporting roof beams

100m Reinforced concrete beam Operable air vent Concrete sill

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

0.25mm Damp proofing membrane

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Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

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Project 1- Elements - House of Healing in Tamegroute Morocco

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Sustainable Campus Solar-powered workstations

Tasked with designing an intervention to help tackle an issue of sustainability on UCT’s Upper Campus.

My selected group was waste and I chose to imagine how to decrease light and energy wastage and to create more prescence for renewable energy sources on campus.

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Light and energy waste on UCT’s Upper Campus

Project 2- Sustainable Campus- Solar Powered Workstations

Little renewable energy prescence on UCT’s Campuses (Particularly Solar)

Lights on and electricity being used in large lecture venues when only a few people are working in them

One of the largest contributors to global warming and climate change is how much waste we produce.

Waste as a whole presents itself in various forms whether it be food waste, material waste or energy waste, the latter of which I have chosen to centre my project on. There does not seem to be a culture within the university about saving electricity and turning off lights, beyond that of promotional posters and urgings from the campus’ student body.

Some issues with illumination on certain parts of campus at night-- especially during load shedding

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Project 2- Sustainable Campus- Solar Powered Workstations

Design Development Solar Energy Generation Device Charging Stations Work Spaces Shelter in Poor Weather Light and Energy During Load Shedding

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Project 2- Sustainable Campus- Solar Powered Workstations

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Project 2- Sustainable Campus- Solar Powered Workstations

Technical Plan 1:20

75x75mm aluminium gutter downpipe concealed behind cladding

2440x1220x21mm pine ply bb boards nailed to 76x25mm saligna battens and finished with linseed oil to increase durability 12mm plywood sheathing nailed to saligna members 0.25mm polyolefin vapour barrier

Mineral wool insulation laid between timber studs

0.25mm breather membrane fixed between studs and saligna purlins

76x25mm saligna purlins supporting cladding on galvanised steel rails

38x38mm saligna purlins supporting steel flanges and cladding

114x38mm SAP studs spaced at max 1000 c/c nailed to timber structure and thermo-treated and impregnated for durability

100x50mm galvanised steel parallel flange channel at 400 c/c bolted to timber structure to support cladding 100x20mm rhinowood cladding bolted to supporting structure allowed to colour grey with age 1200x2400mm Polycarbonate Sliding door

Timber Connections 19

Exploded Axo

Project 2- Sustainable Campus- Solar Powered Workstations

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Project 2- Sustainable Campus- Solar Powered Workstations

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Third Year Major Project Living City in Cape Town CBD

A multi-story residential building in Cape Town’s CBD with a chosen program for the ground floor. The design being a response to the question of how to create healthier and more enjoyable places to live in the city to enhance peoples’ lives.

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Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

The site

The building is located within the proposed apartment block along Buitenkant Str. In Cape Town’s City Center. The area is vibrant and highly populated with several restaurants nearby along with a school, playground and church. As there are many people who interact with the site regularly, I wanted to design a structure that would allow for people to engage with the building frequently and have access into the central shared courtyard space which is contained by the apartment block.

As we are operating within an urban area, there is a clear disconnect between people and nature. I therefore wanted to ensure to introduce elements of greenery into the building to allow people to connect with plants and birdlife even in the busy city.

Site Plan 1:500

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Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Design Exploration

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Scheme 2 A condensed building with an internal courtyard for light and ventilation. Exploring shading device on northen facade

My exploration for this apartment building was centred around testing the various ways I could bring light and air into the building for daylighting and natural ventilation while finding the ideal placement for the elevator and stairwell (verticl circulation elements) that would minimize space needed for coridoors.

Minimized horizontal circulation but courtyard not large enough to bring in desired amount of light.

Bathroom ventilation would also be a challenge.

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2 A

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1 UP B

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This design involved a lengthy process of testing out ideas, having them not work and then trying out something new.

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Initial Sketches

Ground Floor Plan 1:100

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1. Library 2. Lobby 3. Storage 4. Bicycle Storage 5. Ciculation 6. Bathrooms 7. Bin Pickup Spot

North Elevation 1:100

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4 10 m

Scheme 1 A

A sculptural building of layered units that opened up to an internal courtyard that allowed light to filter through to the south facing units.

Photovoltaic array positioned on facade

UP B

B DN

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Too much space used for circulation and courtyard- not enough for units.

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North Elevation 1:100

Axonometric View

First Floor Plan 1:100 0

Shading Device Model Exploration 5

10 m

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Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Design Development Scheme 3 I had become quite stuck with trying to shift around the courtyard to bring anough light into the building while trying to position the bathrooms of each of the units in a way where they could all be naturally ventilated

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5000

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5000

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5000

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1 5000

5000

First Floor Plan 0 1:100

5000

5

A shift came however when I experimented with this diagonal wall along the northern facade. It allowed me to create more wall space for bathrooms to have windows that ventilated outward and helped me to play with how the building responded to the street on the ground floor

10 m

5000

5000

5000

1 3040

MARKET STALLS

PUBLIC WASTE BINS

FHR

7560

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ELECTRICAL SERVICES

UP

3 4400

FIRE CURTAIN TO ENCLOSE STAIRWELL

WASTE DISPOSAL

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Ground Floor Plan of Resulting Scheme 5000

Messy Sketches over drawingsFiguring things out

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5000

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BICYCLE RACKS

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5000

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Continued Development

Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

I decided to position the diagonal line in relation to North to create a pocket of space that invited the sun into the scheme relating to my initial design ideas.

I then mimicked the diagonal lines on the building’s southern facade which informed the shape of the south-facing apartments’ baclonies.

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Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Building Situated in Apartment Block

Plot 9 Ground FloorWork spaces

Plot 8 Ground Floor- Library and Weekend Market

Plot 7 Ground FloorCoffee Shop

This step back on my ground floor plan allowed for a pocket of space to be created which led to the development of the passageway between the buildings to access the internal courtyard of the city block. This open space could then function as a weekend market to create a vibrant atmosphere connecting between the street edge and the courtyard space.

As the ground floor programs for these 3 adjacent schemes are so cohesive, we chose to create a passageway through my building to create easier access for our buildings’ inhabitants

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Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Shading System

The design of solar shades became an important way to decrease solar heat gain on the northern facade while still allowing people to engage with their natural surroundings.

The shades are movable thus creating a dynamic effect on the building’s façade.

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Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Garden Building

This design aims to follow along with the developments within the architectural industry in designers needing make use of sustainable design technologies and strategies to ensure not only to decrease the impact that the industry has on the environment but additionally to improve the lives and well being of urban people.

The design allows for the gathering of people through the library, rooftop garden or market and aims to create enjoyable spaces for people to live in the city.

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Units

Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

The interiors are finished with timber and plasterboard to create a warm and comfortable environment. The ceiling splays along with the tall windows bring lots of light into the interior spaces. The baclony spaces are 1.5m deep thus allowing space to step out of the apartment and connect with the surroundings.

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Ground Floor

Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

The building was designed to bring in lots of light into the interior and thus a ceiling splay was design for the ground floor library and the units’ living spaces to allow the glazing to extend further up the facade. This ceiling was altered within the ground floor space for it to act as an acoustic ceiling. Instead of its being a flat element that is stepped up toward the façade, it is made of a series of timber members that are suspended to form the same shape as that present on the other floors, while creating a varied ceiling surface to improve the acoustic quality of the library.

Ground Floor Working Drawing Plan 1:100 31

First Floor

First Floor Working Drawing Plan 1:100

Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Living Units 32

Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Second Floor and Section

Second Floor Working Drawing Plan 1:100

Building Working DrawingSection 1:100

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Tech Development

Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Cropped Northen Facade Elevation and 1:20 Section

Steel was selected as my primary structural material as the ability for my building to be assembled and disassembled through using bolted connections was an important factor for me in imagining the entire lifecycle of the building. In order to make use of a sustainable material for the building’s façade, I decided to detail of granite tiles that could be made using stone found within the surrounding area.

Additionally, the tiles themselves are easy to assemble and remove from the underlying structure thus, allowing them to be replaced easily in the event of one cracking, or for them to be re-used in another setting.

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Project 3- Living City- Third Year Major Project

Service Strategy Water Drainage Diagram N. Facade

Water Drainage Diagram S. Facade

Aluminium framed balustrade with wire mesh infill.

Saligna wood solar shade finished with penetrative linseed oil to prevent rot

Steel gutter detail holding railing for timber solar shades bolted to 200x100mm steel channel and finished with intumescent paint

Openings cut into steel channel for gutter to pass through. Openings spaced in lined with columns (At 5000 c/c as gutter's are housed within the columns 152x50mm Saligna beams 200x100mm Steel channel bolted with end plated to steel beams spaced at 1000 c/c and timber beams spaced at 250 c/c

1:10 Gutter Detail

I wanted to highlight the curving form of the structure and therefore decided to define the gutter/ shade railing elements to create clear lines on each level. This then relates to my drainage strategy in bringing the water along those gutter lines, bringing them back to the building’s envelope and having the gutters’ downpipes be housed within the steel columns to be brought down to the basement storage tanks.

Service Strategy Diagram

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0

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5

10 m

Landscapes of Memory Decolonial Museum

To design a decolonial museum at a chosen site that demenstrates one’s own understanding of decolonialism. Designing spaces that respect their historical and natural contexts and are partially camoflaged within their environment.

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Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

Rhodes Memorial Site

The primary element that I had noticed upon visiting the site is the impression that this heavy stone memorial has on the landscape. There is a distinct contrast between the lightness and natural form of the surrounding landscape and the sharp, heavy nature of the memorial to the man who wanted his influence to persist beyond his death. The memorial, although a beautiful object in isolation is a physical representation of the damage that European imperialism had upon the African continent.

The memorial sets up views to create a grand image of the man Cecil John Rhodes, taking you on a journey through the colomns, down the steps and toward the view of the city over which the two statues continue to look.

1:500 Site Plan

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Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

Concept Development

I wanted my intervention to counter this narrative set up by the memorial in remembering the history of the indigenous people who lived on the land in the past.

The Khoi Khoi and the San people although different in their ways of living, were similar in their connection to their natural environment.

They both moved freely across the land, the san as hunter gatherers and the khoi khoi as cattle farmers who needed to move around when necessary to find new grazing land. I wanted to embody this sense of movement within my design.

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Precedents and Form Development

Source: Tristotrojka

Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

Maya Lin’s Diagram for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Source: Archdaily

Heneghan Peng Architects and Lara Zureikat Museum of Palestine in Birzeit

Source: EU Mies Award

Enrique Miralles and Carme Pinós Igualada Cemetery 39

Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

1:1000 Site Plan

The journey begins at the reception space formed within a set of existing trees on the site and attached onto the memorial. A person would enter the reception and be able to view the scenery from the interior. Through the gallery area a visitor is lead up through to the memorial through which they would walk in an opening cut into the side walls.

The journey continues along an elevated pathway and the visitor is reintroduced to the natural landscape as they descend the ramp.

They would then progress through the set of exhibition spaces to return to the main memorial from the other end.

The form of the entire scheme was developed through trying to embed the design into the landscape, making use of green roofs and natural materials to create an environmentally responsive design.

1. Parking lot 2. Reception, Café and Tickets 3. Offices 4. Rhodes Memorial 5. First Exhibition Space

6. Second Exhibition Space 7. Outdoor Auditiorium 8. Silver Tree Forest 9. Third Exhibition Space 10. Memorial Berms

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Overall Scheme

Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

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Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

Entrance and Reception

Tickets and Reception

Food Prep

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m

5 Cafe

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Outdoor Seating Area

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First Exhibition Space

Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

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Second Exhibition Space

Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

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Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

Third Exhibition Space

This third exhibition space was designed to create feelings of disconnectedness with nature. A person would progress through a series of rooms of decreasing size and continually encounter walls that restrict their movement. This space was designed to signify the way that the imperialists continued to take away land from the Khoi Khoi and san people by putting up wall and hedges to block them out of what was once free and open space. Upon shifting toward the exit, the visitor would be reintroduced to the landsape through the last room, feeling protected by the earth while still being able to look upon the view.

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Technical Development

Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

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InteriorView

Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

Detail 1

Rammed Earth Wall

Native Plant Species

Quartzite steel planter box

100mm steel fins spaced at 1000 c/c and bolted to concrete footing Water filtered through membrane and let out through openings in planter box

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Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

Sustainability

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Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

The visitor would then step out into the landscape once again to return to the pathway. They would climb up the slope and view the other side of the memorial which was not visible before. The bermed slopes That cover up the platforms of the memorial would represent that idea of the persistence and the power of nature to reclaim the monuments that humanity builds to itself.

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Project 4- Landscapes of Memory- Decolonial Museum

The design makes use of several biophilic and phenomenological ideas to take visitors on a journey through the scheme. Allowing them time for thought and reflection along the pathways in an effort for them to leave the museum with a new understanding of the context of the original memorial and how to grapple with this history to move toward a more understanding future.

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References Archdaily. “The Lavin-Bernick Center for University Life VJAA.” Accessed July 13, 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/34111/the-lavin-bernick-center-for-university-life-vjaa?ad_medium=gallery.

Archi Green Roof. “Extensive Green Roof Outlet – IC-S Inspection Chamber.” Accessed July 13, 2022. https://archigreenroof.com/details/extensive-green-roof-outlet-ic-s-inspection-chamber-d3.

Baglioni, Eliana and Mecca, Saverio. 2013. “Traditional Building Techniques in the Draa Valley (Morocco). digitAR - Revista Digital de Arqueologia Arquitectura e Artes. DOI:10.14195/2182-844X_1_9 Calautit, John Kaiser, Hughes, Ben and Ghani, Saud. 2012. “Numerical Investigation of the Integration of Heat Transfer Devices into Wind Towers.” Applied Energy Conference in Suzhou China. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264707994_Numerical_ Investigation_of_the_integration_of_heat_transfer_devices_into_wind_towers.

Ching, Francis D. K., and Cassandra Adams. 2001. Building construction illustrated. New York: Wiley.

David, Fabian Alvarado. The Igualada Cemetery. 25:52. Feb 15, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46FBoyNy3mg Elgendy, Karim. “A Damascus School Revives Traditional Cooling Techniques” Carboun. March 23, 2022. https://www.carboun.com/sustainable-design/a-damascus-school-revives-traditional-cooling-techniques/ Fagan, Gawie, and Gwen, Fagan. Brakdak : Flatroofs in the Karoo. 1st ed. Cape Town: Breestraat Publikasies, 2008.

First in Architecture. “Detail Post: Green Roof Details.” Accessed July 13, 2022. https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/detail-post-green-roof-details/.

Jose María Sánchez García, Alfredo Payá, Toni Gironés, “Alfredo Payá - 32 Social Dwellings in San Vicente del Raspeig,” El Croquis, 2017, https://elcroquis.es/collections/colectivas/products/189pr3.

Hitti, Natashah. “MAS Architecture Studio’s wind tower keeps visitors cool without air-conditioning”. Dezeen. November 14, 2019. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/14/mas-architecture-studio-barjeel-dubai/ Matt, Finn. “Designin for Health: Post-Traumatic Understanding”. Contract Design. March 11, 2022. https://www.contractdesign.com/practice/healthcare/designing-for-health-post-traumatic-understanding/ Ott, Clara. “ CYTA Building Archetonic + Atiko Arquitectos.” Archdaily. 18 September 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/947872/cyta-building-archetonic-plus-atiko-arquitectos.

Ott, Clara. “Jaurès Petit Housings Archi5.” Archdaily. 15 March 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/977573/jaures-petit-housings-archi5?ad_medium=gallery.

“Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Cleveland Clinic. March 11, 2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9545-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd Pintos, Paula. “The Women’s House of Ouled Merzoug / Building Beyond Borders Hasselt University”. Archdaily. March 23, 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/937147/the-womens-house-of-ouled-merzoug-building-beyond-borders Quirk, Vanessa. “Post-Traumatic Design: How to Design Our Schools to Heal Past Wounds and Prevent Future Violence.” Archdaily. March 11, 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/323322/post-traumatic-design-how-to-design-our-schools-to-heal-past-wounds-andprevent-future-violence Tribillon, Justinien. “ Out of the Woodwork: Apartment Building in Paris, France by Mars Architectes.” Architectural Review. 18 October 2021. https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/apartment-building-in-paris-france-by-mars-architectes.

“Sancaklar Mosque”. RIBA. March 23, 2022. https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-international-awards/riba-international-awards-2018/2018/sancaklar-mosque “What Are the Treatments for PTSD?” WebMD. March 11, 2022. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-are-treatments-for-posttraumatic-stress-disorder

Images Baan, Iwan. The Palestinian Museum. Photograph. Archdaily. 2017. https://www.archdaily.com/871986/the-palestinian-museum-heneghan-and-peng-architects.

Blanco, Eduardo. Pottery workshops. Tamegroute, Souss-Massa-Draa region, Morocco. North Africa. Photograph. Alamy. March 12, 2009. https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-pottery-workshops-tamegroute-souss-massa-draa-region-morocco-north-76956609. html?imageid=B689CD5C-76A2-413E-B71E-F5540017096D&p=197228&pn=1&searchId=d635dc813450fea4977eea4dea4a634e&searchtype=0 Emden, Cemal. Sancaklar Mosque. Photograph. RIBA. 2012. https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-international-awards/riba-international-awards-2018/2018/sancaklar-mosque Emden, Cemal. Sancaklar Mosque. Photograph. RIBA. 2012. https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-international-awards/riba-international-awards-2018/2018/sancaklar-mosque Emre Arolat Architecture. Plan Drawing. RIBA. 2012. https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-international-awards/riba-international-awards-2018/2018/sancaklar-mosque Emre Arolat Architecture. Section Drawing. RIBA. 2012. https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-international-awards/riba-international-awards-2018/2018/sancaklar-mosque Lin, Maya. Vietnam Veteran Memorial Diagram. Painting. Tristotrojka. 1981. https://tristotrojka.org/maya-lin-the-vietnam-veteran-memorial/.

MAS Architecture Studio. Wind Tower. Photograph. Dezeen. 2019. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/14/mas-architecture-studio-barjeel-dubai/.

Pinos, Carme and Miralled, Enric. Igualada Cemetery Plan. Drawing. EU Mies Award. 1991. https://www.miesarch.com/work/1231.

Pires, Jose Mario. Zaouia Naciria (or Nasiriyya), in Tamegroute. Photograph. Wikipedia. May 25, 2016. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zaouia_Naciria,_Tamegroute,_60p1.jpg Zürich, Schweiz. Tamegroute. Photograph. Wikipedia. June 8, 2008. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tamegroute-hydroxy05.jpg

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