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The Galapagos Islands In-Country Lesson Materials

Envoys Galapagos Trip In-Country Student Handbook June 2013

Logistics

Code of Conduct All Envoys participants must uphold the following code of conduct.

Zero Tolerance Policy

All Envoys participants must uphold the zero tolerance policy for illegal substances, alcohol, and tobacco. Anyone violating this policy will be sent home immediately

Personal Responsibility

Travel anywhere in the world can be potentially dangerous. Leaders will do their part to inform, warn and educate. Each participant is ultimately responsible for his/her own safety and belongings. Those who ignore instructions or common sense can quickly get into serious trouble.

Listening to Leaders

Envoys trip staff will do their best to ensure that participants have a safe experience, that they learn new things, and that they grow personally. Listen to them!

Remaining with the group

All participants must not leave the group, and must remain in their sleeping quarters after it is time for bed.

Honesty

Speak honestly with your leaders and your friends. If you are unsure if you understand or are capable of undertaking an activity, ask! If you have any anxiety, illness, or injury, speak with your leaders.

Respect for other participants and staff

Do not lie, cheat, or steal. Name calling, making distasteful jokes, taking disrespectful photographs, bullying, physical or verbal harassment, and any form of sexual relations are not permitted on Envoys programs. Watch out for your fellow participants and staff, and do your part to make this program a success.

Respect for the outside world

Be respectful of local customs and be aware of how your words, actions, dress, and behavior are perceived by those around you.

Learning

Participate to the best of your ability in all Program activities. Complete the online courses, in-country activities, and post-trip outputs. Help those around you to learn.

Staying Healthy Wear insect repellent and check for ticks Wash hands frequently with soap and water. Drink only bottled water, or carbonated (bubbly) drinks in cans or bottles. Avoid tap water, even for brushing your teeth. Avoid fountain drinks and ice cubes. Keep feet clean and dry, and do not go barefoot. Don't handle animals to avoid bites and serious diseases Wear sunscreen. Now wear more! Stay hydrated! Everybody pees, everybody poops. We can talk about it.

Situational Awareness Be responsible for yourself! Know what you have Know where we are going Know what we are doing Know who is around you

Be responsible for others! Follow the buddy system Be a good leader Be a good follower

Daily Itineraries June 18      

6:50PM Transfer from the airport to the Hotel. 7:45 PM Accommodation Hotel Macaw 8:30PM Dinner at the hotel Briefing and Activities Hopes and Fears Setting Learning Goals

June 19        

Breakfast at the hotel What is Global Citizenship? Media Teams 9:30 AM City Tour 12:30 PM Lunch Systems Thinking 7:00 PM Dinner at the hotel First Day, First Impressions

June 20           

6:00AM Breakfast at the hotel 7:00AM Transfer out to the airport. Pick up from the hotel. 9:15AM Flight Guayaquil - Galapagos. 10:00AM Transfer from Baltra to Puerto Ayora. 12:30PM Accommodation Hotel Verde Azul 1:30PM Lunch 2:30PM Overview of the Islands 3:00PM Exploring Santa Cruz--Caverns and Tortoise Crossing 6:30 PM Dinner 8:00 PM Learning Circles 9:00PM Bed time

June 21        

7:00AM Breakfast at the hotel Preparation for Exploration 9:30AM Visit Organic Farm 12:00PM Lunch Leave No Trace and Lava Tunnels 7:00PM Dinner Story for Home! 9:00PM Bed time

June 22         

7:00AM Breakfast at the hotel All about the Tortoise! 9:30AM Visit Charles Darwin Research Center 12:00PM Lunch Prepare for Hike Hike to Tortuga Bay 7:00PM Dinner Blindfold exercise 9:00PM Bed time

June 23       

6:00AM Breakfast at the hotel 7:00AM Tour to Plazas (Lunch during trip) 4:00PM (approximate) Return to Santa Cruz Explore Puerto Ayora! 6:30PM Dinner Reflecting on Santa Cruz 9:30PM Bed time

June 24          

7:00AM Breakfast at the hotel Wilderness First Aid 12:00PM Lunch 1:00PM Boat ride to Isabela (4 hours) 5:00 Arrive at Isabela 5:30 Accommodation Paraiso de Isabela Isabela—First Impressions 6:30PM Dinner Preparation for Trekking 9:30PM Bed time

June 25      

6:00AM Breakfast 7:00AM Hike to Sierra Negra Volcano 4:00PM Return from trek What did that mean? Reflective exercise 7:30PM Dinner 9:30PM Bed time

June 26       

7:30AM Breakfast 9:00AM Los Tintos Islands 1:00PM Lunch 2:30PM Trip to Wall of Tears 7:00PM Dinner Story for Home! 9:30PM Bed time

June 27            

Mediation 6:00AM Breakfast 7:00AM Transfer to the airport Reflecting on Isabela 8:15AM Isabela – Baltra Flight MZ 401 12:45M Galapagos - Guayaquil. Flight EQ 192 3:25PM Transfer from the airport to Hostal Macaw 3:40PM Accommodation Hotal Macaw Negotiations Exercise 6:00PM Dinner Continuing to Learn 9:30PM Bed time

June 28  3:00AM Transfer to the airport  Return to Hopes and Fears  7:00 AM Flight to Miami (American 948)

Guayaquil— Hotel Macaw Area

Guayaquil

Puerto Ayora

Puerto Villamil

The Galapagos Islands

When visiting the Galapagos Islands, a National Park and World Heritage Site, all visitors are expected to act responsibly and to treat the environment with utmost respect. All visitors are expected to obey the following 14 rules while in Galapagos:

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

Visitors to any protected areas in the Galapagos National Park must be accompanied by a licensed Galapagos National Park Guide. Be sure to travel with authorized tour operators and/or tour boats. For the protection of the wildlife, as well as the safety of all visitors, stay within the marked trails at all visitor sites. Despite their curiosity with humans, do not touch the animals or allow them to touch you, and maintain at least 2 meters (6 feet) between you the animals. Do not feed the wildlife. By doing so, you may negatively alter the balance of nature. When taking photos of the animals, do not use flash photography. Professional photographers and film-makers must have special authorization from the Galapagos National Park to use equipment and techniques beyond what is needed for basic personal photography. Camping is only allowed in a few authorized areas in the islands. You are required to request authorization to camp from the Galapagos National Park at least 48 hours in advance or your planned camping date(s). (C) Envoys

8. Be fully cooperative with the environmental inspection and quarantine services during your visit the islands. Introduced plants, animals, and certain types of food that are not native to the islands pose a very serious threat to the Galapagos ecosystem. 9. Many souvenirs are prohibited from being sold and/or removed from the islands. Do not take or purchase black coral, shells, volcanic rocks, animal parts, or any native wood or vegetation prior to leaving Galapagos. Also, it is illegal to eat certain species out of their approved season. 10. Do not ruin the beauty of the near-pristine Galapagos environment with graffiti of any kind. 11. Keep Galapagos litter-free. All trash or recyclable materials should be kept on your person or deposited in the correct containers on your return to populated areas or your tour boat. 12. Smoking and/or camp fires are strictly prohibited within the Galapagos National Park, as they are a danger to the flora and fauna. 13. Fishing is prohibited from all tour boats. Please report violators to the Galapagos National Park. 14. Motorized aquatic sports, mini-subs, and aerial tourism activities are not permitted in the Galapagos National Park or Marine Reserve.

The Voyage of the Beagle

Pages from Voyage of H.M.S Beagle: A Naturalistâ€™s Voyage Round the World by Charles Darwin. Illustrated Version 1889. (C) Envoys

Natural Selection at Work in The Galapagos

ÂŠ California State University Department of Biology

Peter and Rosemary Grant (C) Envoys

Darwin’s Finches Look at the drawings of finishes from the Galapagos Islands. ➜What would each finch be best suited to eat? ➜What would each finch be unable to eat? ➜Where would each finch spend most of its time? ➜What else would you hypothesize?

Do you know Darwin? Quiz Rules You must answer each question You must put down a â€œwagerâ€? beside each answer from 1-9. Each number can only be used once. If you get the answer correct, you win your wager.

QUESTIONS When was Charles Darwin born? a) b) c) d)

Clergyman Farmer Teacher Lawyer

a) b) c) d)

WAGERS

1709 1901 1809 1825

What job was Darwin supposed to take before becoming a naturalist?

What was the primary purpose of the Beagle expedition? a) b) c) d)

To break record time to circumnavigating the globe To map the harbors and coastlines of South America To establish a colony on the Galapagos Islands To find gold in South America

What was Darwin originally interested in studying on the islands?

QUESTIONS

How many skins, bones, and carcasses did Darwin ship back to England from his voyage on the Beagle?

On Punta Alta, which animal did Darwin a) b) c) d)

a) b) c) d)

WAGERS 1,112 3,475 5,436 10,001

NOT find remains of?

A giant ground sloth An extinct form of horse An armadillo An ostrich

What birds originally fascinated Darwin on the islands? Which of the following statements about Darwin is true? a) b) c) d)

He failed to convince people that life evolves He thought that the biggest animals are at an advantage in natural selection His book did not sell well None of the above

True or False? Darwin himself described and identified most the fossils that that he collected in South America

What happened to the tortoises collected by Darwin and the Beagle crew?

ARTISTIC EXPRESSION There are many ways of expressing yourself artistically, including photographs, drawings, abstract art, jewelry, and poetry. Look at the following depictions of iguanas. All were inspired by marina and land iguanas in the Galapagos. Which would you like to create? Which one ‘scares’ you?

Fran Hogan

VividScreen

Tom Pohrt Tony Johnston Marty Magic (C) Envoys

Galรกpagos tortoise The Galรกpagos tortoise or Galรกpagos giant tortoise is the largest living species of tortoise and 10th-heaviest living reptile, reaching weights of over 400 kg (880 lb) and lengths of over 1.8 meters (5.9 ft). With life spans in the wild of over 100 years, it is one of the longest-lived vertebrates.

Saddle-Backed Shell (abingdoni)

Intermediate Shell (Chathamensis)

Shell size and shape vary between populations. On islands with humid highlands, the tortoises are larger, with domed shells and short necks - on islands with dry lowlands, the tortoises are smaller, with "saddleback" shells and long necks.

Dome-Shaped Shell (Porteri)

GIGANTISM Large tortoises would have a greater chance of surviving the journey over water from the mainland as they can hold their heads a greater height above the water level and have a smaller surface area/volume ratio, which reduces osmotic water loss. Their significant water and fat reserves would allow the tortoises to survive long ocean crossings without food or fresh water, and to endure the drought-prone climate of the islands.

SUBSPECIES The exact number of subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra that have existed is still under debate among scientists, but some recognize up to 15. Only ten subspecies now exist in the wild, one subspecies each on Santiago, Santa Cruz, San Crist贸bal, Pinz贸n, and Espa帽ola, and five on Isabela, although this number is controversial and may be lower. An eleventh subspecies, abingdoni from Pinta Island, is now considered extinct and was represented by a single living specimen, named Lonesome George, until his death on June 24, 2012

TORTOISE DIET The tortoises are herbivores that consume a diet of cacti, grasses, leaves, lichens, and berries. They have been documented feeding on:

Hippomane mancinella (poison apple)

Psidium galapageium (guava)

Azolla microphylla (water fern)

Tillandsia insularis (bromeliad)

Opuntia (cactus)

Plan Ahead and Prepare  Know the regulations and special concerns for the area you'll visit.  Prepare for extreme weather, hazards, and emergencies.  Repackage food to minimize waste. Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces  Durable surfaces include established trails and campsites, rock, gravel, dry grasses or snow.  Protect riparian areas by camping at least 200 feet from lakes and streams.  Good campsites are found, not made. Altering a site is not necessary.  Concentrate use on existing trails and campsites.  Walk single file in the middle of the trail, even when wet or muddy.  Keep campsites small. Focus activity in areas where vegetation is absent.  Disperse use to prevent the creation of campsites and trails.  Avoid places where impacts are just beginning.

Dispose of Waste Properly  Pack it in, pack it out. Inspect your campsite and rest areas for trash or spilled foods. Pack out all trash, leftover food and litter.  Deposit solid human waste in catholes dug 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water, camp and trails. Cover and disguise the cathole when finished.  Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products. Leave What You Find  Preserve the past: examine, but do not touch cultural or historic structures and artifacts.  Leave rocks, plants and other natural objects as you find them.  Avoid introducing or transporting non-native species. Minimize Campfire Impacts  Campfires can cause lasting impacts to the backcountry. Use a lightweight stove for cooking and enjoy a candle lantern for light.  Where fires are permitted, use established fire rings, fire pans, or mound fires.  Keep fires small. Only use sticks from the ground that can be broken by hand.  Burn all wood and coals to ash, put out campfires completely, then scatter cool ashes. (C) Envoys

Respect Wildlife  Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them.  Never feed animals. Feeding wildlife damages their health, alters natural behaviors, and exposes them to predators and other dangers.  Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely.  Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter. Be Considerate of Other Visitors  Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience.  Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail.  Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock.  Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises.

Media Production

BASIC ANGLES AND SHOTS Turn on your video cameras and try your hand at filming each of these types of shots. Remember: itâ€™s important to have different types of camera angles to tell a good story.

Close Up This shot gives us detail and emotions What are they thinking, what are they feeling?

BASIC ANGLES AND SHOTS

Medium Shot This shot tells us what the characters are DOING

BASIC ANGLES AND SHOTS

Wide Shot This shot establishes the scene. Where are we?

New Camera Perspectives

Now try filming from new and different perspectives. Try these now and try to incorporate some of these techniques into your filming each day. ➜Try lying on your back – What kind of perspectives does this view offer? ➜Film from standing on top of a chair. ➜Spin in a circle with the camera filming, facing outward. ➜Find a person or object you’d like to film. Walk around the object or person in a circle, keeping the camera on the person or object in the center. ➜Choose another person or object you’d like to film. Now take ten steps away from the person/object. Turn the camera on and walk slowly towards the object you are filming. Now do it in reverse, pulling out and taking a few steps backwards. ➜Pick an interesting angle of your own and try filming from it! Note, limit your use of the zoom feature on the camera. The zoom will make it harder to edit and look less professional. If you want to get closer or further from something you’re filming, move the camera. (C) Envoys

Global Citizenship

What is a global citizen? There are many possible elements of global citizenship. What do you think are the most important? Choose four elements from the box (or add your own), and add the reasoning and an example for each. One is done as an example. speaking English fluently

speaking several languages

having empathy for others

studying economics

studying world history

traveling to other countries

following news from around the world

living abroad

being open to new experiences

having friends from other countries

knowing how to use the latest technologies

traveling in the developing world

Global citizenship requires speaking English fluently because English has become the common language for business, academics, and tourism. An example of this is almost every international airport uses English to announce arrivals and departures.

Global citizenship requires

because An example of this is

Global citizenship requires

because An example of this is

Global citizenship requires

because An example of this is

Global citizenship requires

because An example of this is

Exercising Global Citizenship When Abroad Prioritize the following from 1-9 When traveling to a new country, you should… _____

Purchase souvenirs. Find the perfect item to remember your trip!

_____

Study the history of the country and its people. Understand the background and significance of the sites that you visit!

_____

Learn the basics of the language. Be able to communicate with those around you!

_____

Study the geography of the country. Be able to map your itinerary!

_____

Do something adventurous! Being in a different country is the best place to try on a ‘new you’!

_____

Study the natural history and current ecology. Understand the wildlife (birds, animals, plants, etc) that you see around you!

_____

Talk to natives from the country. Strike up a conversation and ask them about their daily lives, plans for the future, hopes and dreams. Make new friends!

_____

Communicate with your friends and family back home through photographs, video, postcards, and letters. Share the adventure!

_____

Have fun! Being a tourist is about enjoying the experience, after all!

Common Negotiations Terminology BATNA

BATNA

WIN-SET

ZOPA

Common â€œHard Tacticsâ€? of Positional Negotiations Deliberate Deception Psychological Warfare Positional Pressure Tactics

Playing a different game: Principled Negotiations

Separate the people from the problem Focus on interests, not positions Invent options for mutual gain

Insist on using objective criteria

Endangered Galapagos In 2007, UNESCO added the Galapagos to its list of ‘Endangered World Heritage Sites’, a painful illustration of the impotence of the international conservation movement. The Galapagos Islands had been one of the first World Heritage sites to be listed by UNESCO in 1978. Such a listing was intended to ensure that the fragile ecosystem of the Galapagos Islands would be protected for all time. Instead, the Galapagos had experienced rapid change. From 1978 onwards, the Galapagos experienced a massive increase of human activity. The average rate of population growth in the 300 square kilometers reserved for human settlement has been 6.4% per year, three times greater than in mainland Ecuador. Illegal immigrants from the mainland have largely contributed to its population increase. The archipelago attracted some 140,000 tourists each year, putting continuous pressure on the islands’ flora and fauna ecosystems. Both the population increase and the rising number of tourists visiting the islands have led to a substantial rise in imports. One of the adverse effects of the growth in trade was the introduction of domestic animals and plant sorts previously unknown to the island group, which, in turn, threatened the native unique plant and animal life.

History of Conflict The development of sea cucumber fishing in the archipelago in the early 1990s has led to several conflicts. Owing to the global demand for sea cucumbers, spiny lobster, and (illegal) shark fins, the gross income of the Galápagos fishing sector skyrocketed. By some reports, it was possible to earn $500 a day, compared to a yearly income in Ecuador of $1324. With money to be made, many locals declared themselves to be fishers and mainland Ecuadorians began to flood the islands. The number of registered pepinos (sea cucumber fishers) in Galápagos rose more than 70% from 1999 to 2000 alone. Efforts by park officials to place restrictions on the sea cucumber harvest led to the shooting of one park official and threats to other officials working for the park and for the Charles Darwin Research Station. In 1995, the Ecuadorian government tried to place a ban on sea cucumber fishing. The Galapagos representative in Congress, Eduardo Veliz Rinones fought against the ban, writing his own conservation bill and pushed it through Congress. When the President Ballen vetoed the bill at the last minute, Congressman Veliz stirred up a rebellion in the Galapagos. Riots ensued throughout he the islands. Officials seized about 80,000 sea cucumbers that had been fished illegally and arrested over 30 fishermen.

The Rise of Tourism Structured tourism in the Galapagos began in the late 1960s, with less than ten hotels and ships catering 2,000 tourists annually. Tourism was slow to develop, with visitation in 1985 under 20,000 per year. Limits on the number of boat permits led to the replacement of small tour boats with increasingly larger vessels, often owned by non-Galapagos citizens. The Galapagos did not have enough experienced and knowledgeable guides to service this influx. Many large companies hired outside guides with less familiarity with the islands. The economic inflows of tourist dollars did not reach many Galapagos citizens.

Special Law on the Galapagos In 1998, the Ecuadorian government managed to pass the Special Law on the Galapagos, which inter alia ➜ established the Galapagos Marina Reserve out to 40 miles offshore ➜ prohibited fishing in that protected area to all but local residents using ''artisanal'' means ➜ required a quota system for lobster and sea cucumber harvests The Special Law defines four human population types in the Islands: 1. undocumented or “illegal” workers from the mainland of Ecuador 2. “permanent residents” or the native population of Galapagos 3. “temporary residents” or workers subject to legal residence restrictions of labor contracts, 4. “tourists.” Despite the Special Law, the fisherman lobby remained strong. In 2004, forty marines were called in to reinforce the guards at the National Park and the Darwin Research Center, as the fishermen protested the reduction of their harvest. The fishermen had threatened to kill Lonesome George unless the government gave into their demands. Tourism also increased markedly. By 2006, there were at least 80 vessels and 65 hotels capable of simultaneously accommodating nearly 3,500 guests per night. More than 120,000 tourists arrived in the archipelago in 2005. UNESCO’s decision to include the Galapagos Islands on its List of World Heritage in Danger drew international attention to the plight of the islands. This decision met with fierce opposition by many residents who feared a decline in tourism.

The Situation Current Fishing Regulations    

Sea Cucumber quotas of 50,000 pounds annually Lobster quotas of 200,000 pounds annually A complete ban on harvesting of shark fins Restrictions on fishing permits to 2000 Galapagos residents

Current Status of Galapagos Islands on World Heritage List  Endangered

Current Tax on Tourism Industry Profits  Ten percent

Number of Tourists  125,000 tourists in 2006  No restrictions on numbers

UNESCO says All parties must come to an agreement that protects the environment of the Galapagos Islands and sustains the livelihoods of the local people. If this is accomplished, then the Islands will be removed from the â€˜Endangeredâ€™ list. (C) Envoys

The Parties Represent families living on the Galapagos involved with the fishing industry. The Local Fishermen Represent the guides and national park community

The Park Rangers

Represent local people owning hotels on the Galapagos The Hotel Owners

Represent the people of Ecuador

Ecuadorian Government

Plan your negotiation Write down your interests (not your positions) Decide what questions you need to ask to determine other sideâ€™s interests Decide what process you would like for the negotiation (what rules?) If working with a partner, discuss what information you feel comfortable sharing Determine your BATNA and win set. (C) Envoys

Personal Growth

Galapagos June 2013 Name

Hopes

Galapagos June 2013 Name

Fears

Galapagos June 2013 Name

Your Program Goals

Galapagos June 2013 How you will measure success

What support you will need

Guayaquil First Impressions What did you notice?

What puzzled you?

Reflections on Guayaquil TOP FIVE MEMORIES

ONE QUESTION YOU STILL HAVE

Santa Cruz First Impressions What did you notice?

What puzzled you?

Reflections on Santa Cruz TOP FIVE MEMORIES

ONE QUESTION YOU STILL HAVE

Isabela First Impressions What did you notice?

What puzzled you?

Reflections on Isabela TOP FIVE MEMORIES

ONE QUESTION YOU STILL HAVE

The Big Story

Your Task: Create a newspaper about todayâ€™s events

Sections Headline News

What was the MOST significant thing that happened today?

Local Events

What else noteworthy occurred?

Weather

What was the weather like? How did it impact the day?

Restaurant Review

How was the food? Would you recommend it?

OpEd

What is your analysis of the day?

Advice Column

What advice can you give, based on today?

Comic Section

Draw a comic for todayâ€™s events

Think about your day

Think about your future

REFLECTION What are your immediate thoughts about what you experienced today?

What will you think about this experience at the end of the trip?

What will you think about this experience in one month?

ACTION Based on your immediate feelings, what do you want to do right now?

What actions do you want to take once you arrive back home?

What do you want to do in one month?

Story for Home

Story for Home Think about someone you know who has NEVER been to the Galapagos Islands. This person could be a niece or nephew, a grandmother or grandfather, a teacher, a friend, or someone in your local community. Imagine that you have returned home and sat down next to this person. He or she looks at you and says: Soâ€Śtell me something about your trip!

Think of a good story that you can tell, staying within the following parameters It must be real It must involve you It must describe something about the Islands It must have a clear lesson that youâ€™ve learned It must be interesting, engaging, and no more than five minutes long

What did you see? Where did you see it?

When did you see it?

2 Adjectives

1 Question

What did you see? Where did you see it?

When did you see it? 2 Adjectives

1 Question

What did you see? Where did you see it?

When did you see it?

2 Adjectives

1 Question

What did you see? Where did you see it?

When did you see it? 2 Adjectives

1 Question

Animal Spotting Checklist