Building Technology 1: Construction Solutions Assignment

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING & DESIGN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 (BLD61403)

CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

OW XUN CONG 0321997 TUTOR: MR. MOHAMED RIZAL MOHAMED

Table of Content 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Site background - Kajang 1.2 Design Project V

2

2.0 Precedent Studies and Analysis 2.1 Roof System - Precast concrete butterfly shell 2.2 Structural System - Reinforce concrete masonry wall system 2.3 Facade System 1 - Splayed window facade 2.4 Facade System 2 - Timber panel cladding with studs

5

3.0 Facade Design Scheme 3.1 Proposal 1 - Splayed window facade 3.2 Proposal 2 - Timber panel cladding with studs

13

4.0 Sectional Perspectives 4.1 Proposal 1 - Open Air Library space 4.2 Proposal 2 - Practice Studio & Ground Level

17

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Project Introduction 1.2 Site Background

1.0 Introduction

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND The Site Location: Jalan Tukang, Bandar Kajang 43000 Kajang Selangor

Site A of Kajang is contextually rich with olden shophouses which is grounds for traditional businesses. It is located at the intersection point between Jalan Reko - Tukang and Jalan Besar, its frontage facing high amounts of traffic. The backlane is more prone for leisure walking of locals.

Old town of Kajang is currently of declining interest for visitors, mainly because of unattractive business, lack of open spaces as well as un-updated infrastructure, even though the site is circulated through by tons of visitors, by car or by newly built MRT system.

In context, the building needs a new program feature, as well as an interesting view to look at (facade) to inject interest for visitors, and from there the first step to reviving old Kajang.

macro site map

01

1.2 Studio Design Project V Building Type: Urban Infill

PHOENIX (art centre) OF KAJANG

Building Function: Kajang Learning Art Centre (KLAC)

Design Statement:

Building Floor Area: 1200m2 - 1300m2

Phoenix of Kajang serves to revive the local art, artisan practices and community by creating a balance of work and linger spaces for them to learn from each other. The site lacks third spaces for proper to stimulate life between buildings, the design create spaces for linger inside and out to facilitate exactly that. A conducive and attractive environment is provided to attract all groups of old and young to work under the same roof.

Building Storey: 3 - 5 storeys high About the Design Brief: The brief calls to design a Learning Art Centre with an urban infill site. The design of the building is to consists of appropriate architectural responses that addresses the aspects of the urban street context and user behavioral patterns as discerned and analysed in the preliminary studies.

Site image, Jalan Tukang, Kajang

Art centre perspective rendering

02 / Precedent Study and Analysis 2.1 Roof System - Precast Concrete Butterfly Shell

Advantages of Precast Concrete Butterfly Shell 1. Curved geometry of concrete shells are naturally strong structures. Wide areas can be spanned without the use of internal supports, giving an open, unobstructed interior..

2. Relatively Low Construction Cost. Concrete reduce material & construction cost as simple formwork are used.

3. Aesthetically Pleasing Form. A dynamic form that creates a strong contrasting attraction to bypassers of

Hippodrome de la Zarzuela Location: Madrid, Spain Architects: Carlos Arniches and Martín Domínguez Esteban Project Year: 1941

Introduction The old royal race track of Madrid, located in the north end of the

Kajang.

Disadvantages of Precast Concrete Butterfly Shell 1. Porousness. Concrete domes often have issues with sealing. Rainwater can seep through.

2. Greater accuracy in formwork required. Needs to hire expertise for construction, higher cost.

Paseo de la Castellana, was demolished in 1933. To build a new one, the Gabinete Técnico de Accesos y Extrarradio de Madrid summoned, on July 6 1934, a design competition. Formed by some vaults supported on cantilevers, the permanency of the roof type is appreciated

Reasoning 1. Enticing design unfound in Kajang that could attract attention of vehicular bypassers.

2.Lightness contrasts with strong articulation of heavy masonry walls.

Materials Thin concrete shell, steel reinforcement

3.Roof can be precast and installed to avoid disruption to site

Transverse section of Butterfly Shell Hippodrome de la Zarzuela

Roof Support

Truss

Grandstand

Connection of Butterfly Shell with Precast Structural element

The roof consists a beam of variable edge supported with a cantilever of 12,75 m span, and anchored in a truss located 5.25 m behind the previous one, and another back cantilever of 1.00 m. Among these beams are a series of spans and cylindrical vaults of circular form.

The vaults have a 5.00 m span, 55 cm rise and 6 cm thickness. As stiffener, they are placed, each 2,45 m, some ribs 20 x 10 cm section, which are not connected to the support beams. The horizontal thrust each vault, for a uniform loading, is balanced with the contiguous span, giving only a vertical reaction on the cantilever. ln the spans at the end, each roof is necessary to prepare an element with enough rigidity in the horizontal plane to carry the thrust. This situation is solved by making the last half vault become a beam that, working in the horizontal plane, can resist the thrust of the previous section

Fibre-reinforced Concrete Joint

Outline of horizontal forces acting upon the umbrella shell The horizontal thrust of each vault, for a uniform loading, is balanced with the contiguous span, giving only a vertical reaction on the cantilever.

Types of shell units Concrete shells are cheaper when the roof is produced to cover a large span.

2.2 Structural System - Reinforced Concrete Masonry Wall System Advantages of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Wall 1. Quick and effective construction as it requires low technical knowledge to construct.

2. Durability. Concrete is rot, damage and pest, fire and moisture proof. And can be used as firewall between rooms.

3. Eco-friendly. Concrete has insulation that reduce building energy consumption. It also recycles materials and does not contain many harsh chemicals.

4. Insulative properties. Hollow blocks provide excellent insulation from heat/cold when it is filled inside with concrete.

The Masonry House

5. Acoustics.Concrete blocks has excellent sound damping properties Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Wall

Location: Suwon-si, South Korea Architects: stpmj

1. Dull Appearance. The material is not as visually attractive when compared with other wall materials.

Project Year: 2017 Structure: Concrete masonry construction

2. Cost. Concrete block is more expensive as a building material than wood.

Introduction: The Masonry is a multi family house which caters two families. It is designed to avoid the appearance of two townhouses. Diagonally stacked are two kinds of concrete masonry blocks (100mm x 200mm) and ( 200mm x 400mm) in creating a singular masonry facade but also nuanced two units of the program in a single mass.

Reasoning 1.Quick and effective construction which uses less cost and minimises disruption to site. Heavy construction is prohibited as surrounding buildings are century-old structures prone to damage.

2.The bareness of material creates stark contrast with

Materials: Concrete block, glass framing, mortar

surrounding context.

3.Suits the dominant ‘wall’ architectural language of design.

Construction Details: Reinforced Concrete Masonry Wall System Reinforced Lintel Masonry Blocks with Frame Connection

Grouted Masonry Wall

Masonry Wall to Steel joist Flooring

Vertical reinforcement

Metal Spacers

Horizontal reinforcement

Bars tied together

Grouted cavity

Open end ‘’ivany’’ block

Reinforcing Bar Spacers For Hollow Unit Masonry

Connections through section

2.3 Facade System 1 - SPLAYED WINDOWS Advantages of Faceted Windows 1. Light Filtration.Allows filtered light into the interior volumes. Maintains privacy for children using the dance studio while maximizing natural light and ventilation 2. Aesthetic 3D fenestration composition. The bolder relief and texture recessed windows give to a wall surface, it is important that the resulting accentuate shadow-lines 3. Prefabricated Units. Quick manufacture and ensuring speedy precasting, availalble for production off-site if the module of the faceted windows are standardized 3. Solar Benefits. The solar gain within the recessed profile is lowered as concrete does not absorbs as much heat, and direct sunlight does not reach the building interior.

Disadvantages of Faceted Windows

Orsi Khaneh apartment Location: Tehran, Iran Architects: Keivani Architects Project Year: 2014

1. Complicated Weather/Water-proofing details.

The construction of double skin facade incurs a higher overall cost due to the extra expenditure of materials.

2. Costing. The expenditure for the large frame is significantly higher than the standard timber frame.

Structure: Angled Vertical Sunshades

Introduction: A novel idea to modernize traditional Orsi

3. Spatial take-up. The room area is slightly taken up by the recessed nature of the window.

window, and main spatial elements of Iranian traditional

Reasoning

architecture (light, water, plant, consideration of materials and

1.The splayed windows is a current-age adaptation in

color). The design enhances the dynamics of the facade by

continuity with the modular windows at site.

special placing of the balconies with their travertine frames

2.They provide significant sun-shading, and low thermal gain for the building, making the space comfortable for

Materials Travertine frames, Orsi Thermowood coverage

linger.

Travertine Slab

Waterproof membrane

Reinforced Steel Joints

Facade System - Splayed Window

Section Detail of Splayed Window

The large window frames are made from slabs of a sedimentary stone called travertine. Their funnel-like shape helps to further reduce heat buildup. The balconies are framed with boxes made up of travertine and are placed in such a way that the configuration implies a dynamic composition.

The surrounding frames of the balconies, control and improve the appropriate radiation of sunbeams, which enter into the building. Framing the balconies and their displacement, and inducing a different landscape experience of every balcony, appropriately conveys the concept of 4th D in architecture. There are intangible sunshades on the facade that easily can open upwards, and control the natural light, and moreover it is a sort of transformation that implies the diversity on a dynamic facade.

Section of Building

Connection Detail of Splayed Window with Glass Opening

2.4 Facade System 2 - TIMBER PANEL CLADDING WITH STUDS Advantages of Timber Panel Cladding with studs 1. Quick and effective installation as timber cladding is a relatively lightweight natural material.

2. Durability. Timber has high high impact resistance and can last for several years when it is properly maintained.

3. Energy Efficient. Timber has high insulation properties. It's low thermal conductivity helps reduce energy consumption that is required to heat and cool.

4. Versatility. Timber cladding can be easily replaced or cut into specific sizes.

College Lumiere

5. Acoustics.Timber has excellent sound absorption properties Disadvantages of Timber Panel Cladding with studs

Location: Besancon, France Architects: BERNARD QUIROT ARCHITECTE + ASSOCIÉS

1. Painting. requires regular painting or staining to preserve its natural beauty and protect it from the elements.

Project Year: 2007 Structure: Timber panel cladding with studs protruding

2. Fire Risk. carries a risk of spreading fire, as it is a flammable material.

Introduction: The Collège Louis and Auguste Lumière is located on the banks of the Doubs quays, timber panel facade is used to equalize the man-made concrete and harmonize

3. Exposure to Elements. Timber loses quality after being exposed to the elements for a long time.

with nature.

Reasoning Materials: Timber panels, aluminium framing structure

1.Timber choices can be chosen to respond to timber windows/shutters of contextual buildings.

2.Creates a visual break from the monotony of concrete structures around.

Facade System Application 1

Substrate wall 2

3

5 Vapor barrier

4

Wood siding

10

5 9 Pre-drilled furring strips (creates drainage space)

Translucent corrugated facade screen is used in consideration the climate on site.

6 8

Construction Details of Facade 1. Battens, squared timber section 2. Fixing for timber facade, steel angle 120x80x12mm 3. Timber panel clad 4. Steel angle bracket 5. Strut, galv. Steel circular hollow section, 44m dia.

6. Precast Slab 8.Timber member section, steel anchors concealed behind timber plugs, steel tube spacer.

8.Steel joinery 9. Timber stud

Rainscreen cladding includes multiple layers of waterproof and protective materials located behind the cladding. This helps ensure the building wall is protected from the elements and is built to last.

Timber boards don’t need to be fixed tightly together to make it waterproof, gives designers more flexibility in how they think about the use of timber cladding on builds.

03 / Facade Design Scheme 3.1 Proposal 1 - SPLAYED WINDOWS

3.1 Proposal 1 - SPLAYED WINDOWS

03 / Facade Design Scheme 3.2 Proposal 2 - TIMBER PANEL CLADDING WITH STUDS

03 / Facade Design Scheme 3.2 Proposal 2 - TIMBER PANEL CLADDING WITH STUDS

04 / Sectional Perspective 4.1 Proposal 1 - Open Air Library Space

Concrete masonry block unit

Reinforcing concrete column

Reinforcing concrete valley beam Concrete butterfly thin shell roof

Concrete slab steel decking with composite trapezoidal profile Steel joist

Steel I beam

Concrete Column

4.2 Proposal 2 - Second Floor Practice Studio & Ground Level

Concrete masonry block unit Splayed concrete frame Bond Beam Concrete slab steel decking with composite trapezoidal profile Steel joist

Steel I beam

Concrete Column Reinforced concrete ground floor slab

400mm x 400mm reinforced concrete stump 900mm x 900mm reinforced concrete pad footing,1200mm below ground