Shining Lights Level B2 Workbook English for Spanish Speaker

m Ca

ge id br

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U

Workbook

Vicki Anderson

CONTENTS page 4

UNIT 2: Money matters

page 12

REVIEW 1: Units 1 & 2

page 20

m Ca

UNIT 1: All together now

page 22 page 30

REVIEW 2: Units 3 & 4

page 38

UNIT 5: Food for the future

page 40

UNIT 6: What’s next?

page 48

REVIEW 3: Units 5 & 6

page 56

UNIT 7: Holiday mode

page 58

UNIT 8: Sport for all

page 66

REVIEW 4: Units 7 & 8

page 74

UNIT 9: Future learning

page 76

UNIT 10: Same but different

page 84

REVIEW 5: Units 9 & 10

page 92

PRONUNCIATION

page 94

VOCABULARY BUILDER AND EXTENSION

page 96

MY STUDY JOURNAL

page 106

MY ENGLISH PLANNER

page 111

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

UNIT 4: Dress to express

UNIT 3: There’s no Planet B

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW 3 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

WHERE WE LIVE

When I was a child, we lived in a 1 rural / residential area near the centre of a big city. There were good 2 local facilities / outskirts, but not a lot of places for children to play. Our neighbourhood was 3 culturally diverse / overcrowded – in my school there were children from all over the world – and it was a great place to live. It was fun being a teenager there, but when I was 14, we moved to a big country house in a 4 pedestrian zone / rural area, a long way from my secondary school. The 5 transport links / suburbs here are terrible, so I can’t go out to meet my friends easily. It’s so boring here! I definitely prefer the excitement of living in an 6 urban / outskirts environment.

m Ca

VOCABULARY

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Co

1 Write the missing letters to complete the words and phrases. c 2 s 3 t 4 u 5 o 6 o 7 p 8 r 9 l 10 r 1

y d

s p

n k

w s

A person who lives in a residential area is called a . The suburbs can also be described as areas of a town or city. If an area of the city is overcrowded, we say it suffers from . The verb to describe creating a pedestrian area is . A culturally diverse place can also be described as having cultural .

READING

1 Which of these things would you expect to read about in a review of holiday accommodation? the bedrooms the breakfast the host the location local facilities

2 Read the reviews of B&Bs on page 5. Which reviewer seems the most satisfied?

Name of host

How was/were the host(s)? Local facilities Bedroom / Bathroom

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

Terry and Ann

Lorraine and Jennifer

Location

Marisa

3 Read the reviews again. Copy and complete the table.

Breakfast 4

. Too many people make a place 2 An area of the city with no cars, where people walk, is a . 3 Shops, libraries or sports centres near where you live are . 4 The buses or trains to an area are . 5 A town or city is a(n) area. 6 A village in the country is in a(n) area. 7 The edge of a town or city is the . 8 People, shops and restaurants from many countries make an area . 9 A road or area with houses and flats is . 10 The areas around a town or city where people live are called the . 1

2 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases from Exercise 1.

STRETCH! Complete the sentences with a word related to the word in bold.

n z

l l f d

USA ST YLE

BED AND BREAKFAST Right in the heart of NYC

m Ca

If you are looking for somewhere to stay right in the heart of New York City, I recommend Marisa’s apartment in Brooklyn. This urban neighbourhood is sometimes a bit overcrowded and noisy, but you feel all the excitement of NYC, and it has great shops and good transport links to all the sights in Manhattan. The bedroom is small but comfortable, and the shared bathroom is Tony clean. The continental breakfasts were good, and Marisa and her cats were really friendly. She had great recommendations for cheap places to eat, and of course, because she lives in a culturally diverse neighbourhood, there’s lots of variety!

The perfect rural B&B

Denali Dome Home in Alaska is the perfect rural bed and breakfast. The house design is unusual, the bedrooms are large and comfortable, with en-suite bathrooms, and the Alice home-cooked breakfasts are delicious. Hosts Terry and Ann are very welcoming, and always willing to explain about this part of Alaska – the Denali National Park is close by. If walking gets boring, they suggest activities like horse riding, rafting or quad biking! The B&B is on the outskirts of a small town with restaurants, shops, and a gas station. We rented a car to get around, though there are buses to the National Park. We had a fantastic stay, and we’re hoping to go back again next year.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Beautiful location

Being in a remote, rural location on the Pacific coast of Oregon, Heceta Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast is really beautiful. You don’t sleep in Wesley B the lighthouse, but in the lightkeeper’s house nearby. (The lighthouse still works, we visited it.) Lorraine and Jennifer, the charming hosts, provide comfortable rooms, with old-fashioned furniture to match the 1894 house. We shared a bathroom with another room. I fell asleep listening to the sound of the ocean, and in the morning ate a seven-course (!) breakfast, with fresh, local food, which was delicious but too much for me to eat. There’s also a guest’s kitchen (the nearest town has good food shops), as well as sitting rooms to spend the evening chatting, reading or playing games. Lorraine and Jennifer are knowledgeable about local history, and really make you feel at home. It’s a fantastic B&B.

If you are happy to do something, you are to do it. 2 The person who looks after a lighthouse is called a . 3 When a place is a long way from towns and cities, we say it is . 1

4 Complete the sentences with the words in bold in the reviews.

4 Americans call the fuel they put in their cars

, not petrol. 5 If a meal has seven different plates, one after

another, it’s called a

meal.

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

GRAMMAR PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS 1 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

m Ca

We 1 move / ’re moving to a new house next week. At the moment I 2 look / ’m looking through all my clothes and books to see what to take with me, and what I can get rid of. Some of my clothes 3 are / are being too small, and I 4 don’t need / am not needing books from primary school. My problem is I 5 never throw / ’m never throwing anything away, so my room is full of stuff! Tomorrow I 6 go / ’m going to a charity shop to give them some of the things that I 7 don’t want / ’m not wanting anymore.

3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

be construct go not know need wait work

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

You 1 a lot of hard work and determination to build your own house. My cousin 2 a wooden eco-home 3 at the moment. He on it every weekend and sometimes I 4 and help him. It’s very slow, and at the moment he 5 for more money from the bank so he can buy materials. I 6 how he keeps smiling, but he 7 an architect, and this is his dream project!

PRESENT PARTICIPLE CLAUSES 4 Put the words in order to make sentences. 1

2 3

2 Write sentences using the words. Use the correct form of the verb. 1

2 3

5 Complete the sentences with the present participle form of the verbs in the box.

break bring look practise realise start

2 3 4 5 6

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

Sifan won the race, the world record. for his phone, Felipe found his lost student card. a lot, Amaya’s piano playing improved dramatically. We’ve decided to see the film at seven o’clock. he was lost, Rob phoned his friend for help. Leo has bought a house in Barbados, the number of houses he owns to six.

The twins / have / a birthday party / tomorrow Some rich people / own / houses / all over the world My mum / work / from home / today your neighbour / build / an extension / on his house / ? Tommi / not tidy / his room / very often

The museum / have / a lot of interesting objects

an / the / Waiting / Amal / saw / bus, / accident / for to / game / Nancy / a / played / Wanting / video / relax, buying / The / an / a / is / woman / actress / coffee catching / six / train / I’m / leaving / at / the cakes / were / you / some / coming, / got / Knowing / I saving / painted / Piet / the / money / himself, / a lot of / house

MODIFYING COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

6 Put the words in order to make sentences. 1 2

Every summer I’m going to visit my grandparents in the country. They living in a tiny village and their life is a lot quiet than mine in the city. My grandfather is growing vegetables, and my grandmother keeps goats. I learned how to milk the goats last year. Watch my grandma do it, it looked easy, but it was a slightly more difficult than I expected. This summer she teaches me how to make cheese from their milk. The longer I stay there, I feel the more relaxed. When I leave school, I’m going to live in the country and make cheese.

This / than / is / a / comfortable / sofa / that / more / one / lot exciting / getting / series / more / and / This / more / is house / the / is / His / far / in / street / by / oldest / our bigger / Their / media / bigger / social / getting / and / following / is slightly / I / colour / looks / think / here / better / in / this

m Ca 3

STRETCH! Read the text and find eight mistakes. Correct the mistakes.

7 Complete the second sentence so that it has a

similar meaning to the first sentence, using the words in the box. Write two or three words.

bigger bit deal more older

My flat is 100 m2, your flat is 98 m2. Your flat is a than mine. Every year you have to pay more to rent a flat. It gets expensive to rent a flat. The first exam was quite easy, but this exam was really hard. This exam was a great than the first one. The number of people in the village is increasing as people move from the city. People are moving to the village from the city, so the population is getting . My school bag gets heavier every year! I get, the heavier my school bag gets!

1 Complete the lists with the words in the box.

COMMUNITY AND CONNECTION

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

VOCABULARY

8 Complete the dialogue with comparative and

superlative phrases. Use the correct form of the words in brackets. A: Which house is your favourite? B: Well, this one is by 1

. (far,

cheap) And it’s quite big.

than this

one. (slightly, small) A: True! And

expensive) B: Do you like this one? A: Oh, yes! Every time I look at the photos, it gets 5 . (pretty, pretty) How much is it? B: Actually, it’s 6 than I remember. (deal, expensive) But I do like it. A: Me too. This is getting 7 ! (and, complicated)

ADJEC TIV ES

6 7

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text. NEWS

COMMENTS

Every summer, thousands of twins 1 gather / genuine in Twinsburg, Ohio, USA, for the Twins Days Festival. For many it’s a great opportunity to create a social 2 network / obligation. At the festival, twins 3 interact / belong with other twins, and they 4 identify / participate in many social events. Many twins say that they have a special 5 bond / obligation, and the relationship with their twin is the most 6 meaningful / identify one they have. In fact, Twinsburg has several sets of identical twins who met at the festival and later got married! Maybe that’s not so strange, because who can 7 identify / participate with you and your twin’s relationship better than other twins?

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

, too. (lot, old) a house is, it is to look after. (old,

V ERBS

B: Yes, and it’s 3

NOUNS

A: Not really, it’s 2

belong bond gather genuine identify with interact meaningful network obligation participate in

| 7

WRITING

2 Read the email again. Does Kirsten answer all the questions Lucas asks? Write the answers.

AN EMAIL

2 How does the family celebrate it? 3 Why is it important to Kirsten’s family?

1 Read the task. Then read the email below. Where does Kirsten live?

m Ca

You have received this email from your English-speaking friend, Lucas. Inbox

2 Messages

From: Lucas

Subject: Family celebrations

Can you help me with a class project? My class has been talking about different kinds of family celebrations in different countries. Can you tell me about one in your country which is important to your family? What does it celebrate? How does your family celebrate it? Lucas

Hi Lucas,

3 Messages

Lovely to get your email! The project sounds interesting. Let me help you!

Here in Sweden, Midsummer, in June, is a popular family celebration. It celebrates the longest day of the year, when it doesn’t get dark all night. It’s a great time for a party and, for me, it’s by far the best celebration we have. For Midsummer, my whole family comes together at my grandparents’ house, in a beautiful rural area near Stockholm. Because the party celebrates nature, it takes place in the garden.

gathers

2 is held 3 reunite 4 participates in 5 continues 6 anticipate with pleasure

Kirsten

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

make notes for each paragraph. 1

OPENING phrase

2 PARAGRAPH 1:

A short opening paragraph, referencing the email you received

3 PARAGRAPH 2/3:

One or two main paragraphs, answering the writer’s questions. Say which country you are from.

4 PARAGRAPH 4:

A short final paragraph

5 CLOSING phrase

5 Before you write your email, note down any phrasal verbs or other informal language you can use.

EXAM TIP

When planning the ideas for your email, also think about vocabulary like phrasal verbs that you can use to write in an appropriate informal style.

Love,

4 Read the task in Exercise 6. Plan your email and

I hope that’s useful. Write back and tell me how your project goes.

Informal phrasal verbs in bold in the email that match these more formal words and phrases:

Leaving the city early, we all arrive by 11 am and help with the preparations. We pick wildflowers to decorate the tables, set up the music and prepare the food. We’re planning the food at the moment. There will be fish, summer fruit like strawberries, and many other delicious things! The party starts with lunch and carries on all night! I love the way all the generations of our family get together to eat, dance and share our lives. It’s important to feel we all belong together, and it creates a genuine bond every year. We always look forward to it.

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the email again and complete the table below.

7 organise

Inbox

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Write soon,

What is the celebration and where is it?

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 3

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

6 You have received this email from your

English-speaking friend, Fiona. Write an email to Fiona. Use the information in your notes to write the email. Write 140–190 words. Inbox

5 Messages

m Ca

From: Fiona

A No one expects you to buy any drinks.

Subject: Cultural celebrations in your country

B Spending time outside is good for my

Can you help me with a class project? My class has been talking about cultural celebrations in different countries. Can you tell me about one in your country which your family celebrates? What is the cultural celebration? How does your family celebrate it?

mental health. C There are a lot of inexpensive shops to look round. D Being a fan makes me feel like I’m part of the team. E My friends and I do what we like and don’t bother anyone. F It’s like being at home when I’m there. G I can take part in team sports there. H I can get myself something special I can afford.

Write soon,

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Fiona

SELF-EVALUATION Content: Have you answered all the questions? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly so the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you followed the paragraph plan? Language: Have you used an informal writing style and vocabulary?

LISTENING

Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3

Check your writing:

1.1 You will hear five short extracts in which teenagers are talking about their favourite place to spend time with friends. For questions 1–5, choose from the list (A–H) the reason for their choice. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.

1 2

Speaker 4 Speaker 5

4 5

EXAM TIP

When you listen, pay attention to functional language which points to the speaker’s reason for choosing that place.

Are your own experiences similar to any of these teenagers? In what ways?

1 Where do you like spending time with friends when you’re not at school? Make notes.

2 The listening task focuses on the reason each

3 4 5 6

I love playing paddle tennis because it’s a great way to keep fit. It’s a really relaxing place, which is why I like it so much. It’s a great place to go as you never get bored. I always find nice clothes there. That’s why it’s my favourite. I think the best thing about it is that all the food is homemade. Everyone there is so friendly and that’s what makes it special.

person gives for their choice of favourite place. Underline the words in these sentences that indicate a reason.

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

PEOPLE SAY WE ARE LOSING OUR SENSE OF COMMUNITY.

1 THINK m Ca

Two or three communities / groups that I know something about:

I’m working with:

br ge

Brainstorm!

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Co

Why are we losing our sense of community?

2 PREPARE People in my group:

Don’t reject any ideas at the brainstorming phase. Write them all down.

Tips for Prepare

Discuss these questions:

The community/group we have chosen to look at is:

Issues they face:

Where can we look for solutions? Who will research what?

When do we need to finish this research?

My issue to research and find possible solutions for is:

How can we research these issues and possible solutions?

I need to finish my research by: Day

Tips for Think

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

Month

CHALLENGE 1

3 DEVELOP

We shared our research. Our main findings are: The issue(s) we decided to present:

Tips for Develop

m Ca

Make sure everyone feels comfortable with their task.

Plan

Help other students if they get stuck.

Tasks for my group Name

Task

4 PRESENT

The most effective solution(s):

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Equipment / Media I could use in the presentation: computer, phone, photos, projector, recording, other

Tips for Present

Look at your notes, but don’t read every word – look at the class, too.

Does everyone know what they’re doing? ✓ ✗ Do we know which order we are presenting in? ✓ ✗ Have we got everything we need? ✓ ✗

Draw a face to show how you feel.

After the presentation

Questions / Feedback from the class:

SELF-EVALUATION

I can …

Things I want to improve:

• • •

UNIT 1 ALL TOGETHER NOW

•

groups and source possible solutions. actively participate in brainstorming to generate ideas. assess and prioritise important issues and solutions. listen actively and respond appropriately. work constructively in a group presentation.

• identify problems in community

Things I did well:

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS VOCABULARY

3 Complete the text with words from Exercises 1 and 2. Use one word in each gap.

OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH MONEY

When I went to university for the first time, I had to learn how to manage money. I used my student loan to open a bank 1 and got a bank card. My parents weren’t 2 , but I suppose at home we had a reasonable standard of 3 , and so at uni I lived the same way, and paid with my card without thinking about how much I was spending. But, for a student, that lifestyle was 4 ! After six weeks, the bank told me I was £300 in debt. It took me six months to pay it 5 , with interest! I didn’t have any money to 6 on, I mean, to buy food, so how could I pay my 7 to the bank? I had no idea about money! Why didn’t we learn how to make a(n) 8 at school? In the end, I got a part-time job in a coffee shop just to make ends 9 . And now I’m a lot more careful with my money. With the loan and my job, I can even put money 10 for a treat sometimes.

m Ca

1 Complete the crossword using the clues.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 7

Across ➜ 1 I’m planning to my bank loan quickly. (3,3) 5 Jan doesn’t have much money, so a new car is . (12) 7 My brother got into when he spent money on his credit card. (4)

Down 2 A lot of teenagers get a monthly from their parents. (9) 3 I try to some money every month for my summer holidays. (3,5) 4 The city was so expensive that Ella found it hard to meet. (4,4) 6 I don’t earn a lot, so I have to make a for my spending. (6)

2 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box.

3 4 5

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

open

a your debts

2 enjoy

b a bank account

3 balance

c an allowance

4 pay off

d a high standard of living

5 put aside

e your budget

6 receive

money for savings

READING

1 Have you ever been in a place where you

couldn’t pay in cash? What was your reaction?

2 Read the first paragraph of the blog post

on page 13. What were the two reactions of the man buying potatoes?

3 Read the rest of the blog post and answer the questions. 1

What is the writer worried about?

2 What is his conclusion?

Our is a lot better than it was for my grandparents. They never had holidays. Do you understand how the works? When I hear financial experts, I’m lost! When I opened my , I downloaded their app so I can see exactly what I’m spending. Some singers are so that they own several big houses. My dad said when he got his first flat, he was so poor he had to pasta and tomato sauce.

nouns a–f.

STRETCH! Match the verbs 1–6 to the

bank account economy live on standard of living wealthy

IS THIS THE END FOR CASH?

m Ca

Yesterday I saw an advertisement on TV which got me thinking about how we pay for things. In the ad, a man was buying some potatoes at a market stall. When he got out a £10 note to pay for them, the stallholder told him he could only pay in cryptocurrency! The man looked astonished, and then he got annoyed, but the stallholder wouldn’t let him pay for the potatoes in cash.

The product being advertised actually had nothing to do with potatoes or money. The absurd situation in the ad was meant to be funny, and it made me laugh. However, these days a similar situation isn’t as unlikely as it used to be. 1 Nowadays, though, fewer and fewer people are paying that way, even for small purchases like a takeaway coffee or a bar of chocolate. By 2017 in the UK, card payments had overtaken cash as the most widely used payment method. 2 No one asks for cryptocurrency, of course, but increasingly the only way to pay is with a bank card or your phone.

Is it possible that paying in cash will die out, and what will happen if it does? I went on the internet to research it. 4 There I discovered, among other surprising facts, that the number of banknotes in circulation at the moment is double the amount of ten years ago. That works out at an average of £1,000 per person! But, of course, most people don’t keep that much cash at home, so where is it all? Obviously, some of it is used by customers to pay in shops, restaurants and so on. Banks need cash to give to customers and for ATMs (there are about 45,000 of these in the UK). 5 Finally, the Bank says that large sums of money are held abroad or put aside for illegal use. This is known as the shadow economy.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

So, is cash likely to disappear? The Bank of England says definitely not. One reason is that many people still like using cash. A lot of people who use it say that it’s a helpful way to manage their budget and be aware of how much they spend. 6 So it seems I don’t need to worry, and I can just laugh at the ad on TV.

Who is this most likely to affect? Paying digitally involves having a bank account, but also remembering a personal identification number or a password, or downloading an app onto a smartphone. All this can be difficult for older people who aren’t used to using technology. 3 Children and young people may not have a bank account either, although there are many schemes now which are designed to allow teenagers to spend their allowance with a bank card.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

OF ENGLISH PART 6

4 Read the blog post again. Six sentences have

been removed from the blog post. Choose from the sentences A–G the one which fits each gap (1–6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. A The Bank of England has a useful section

In a text, one sentence often refers backwards or forwards to another sentence. Yesterday I saw an advertisement on TV which got me thinking about how we pay for things. In the ad, … ‘The ad’ here refers back to the advertisement on TV mentioned in the previous sentence. It is also referred to in the last sentence of the blog post!

5 Find these words and phrases in bold in the blog

on its website called Explainers. B People prefer using a card as the fastest and most convenient way to pay. C Also, there are still people who put cash aside as a form of savings. D Even fifty years ago, most people paid for all their shopping in cash. E What’s more, nowadays it’s more common to find you can’t pay in cash. F They feel more secure with money in their wallet or purse. G Above all, most businesses still accept cash, and have no plans to change.

EXAM TIP

post. What do they refer to? 1

it (paragraph 2)

2 All this (paragraph 3) 3 it does (paragraph 4) 4 it (paragraph 4) 5 that much cash (paragraph 4) 6 of these (paragraph 4) UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

| 13

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the text with the correct form of the

PAST TENSE REVIEW

verbs in the box.

not be buy go not have sell not understand walk wear

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the texts. A

m Ca

Yesterday, Roberto 1 was walking / used to walk away from the ATM when he 2 realised / had realised he 3 was leaving / had left his bank card in the machine. Luckily for him, no one 4 had seen / used to see it and it 5 was / was being still there.

When Marcia was born, her grandparents 6 opened / used to open a bank account for her. Every year, on her birthday, they 7 were putting / used to put money in the account, but they 8 had never said / didn’t use to say anything to Marcia. Then, on her eighteenth birthday, they 9 were giving / gave her the bank book. Imagine her surprise when she saw that there 10 was / used to be over £5,000 in her account!

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

ohanna saw a beautiful hand-knitted jumper in a shop window one day while she 1 home from school. It reminded her of a jumper her grandma 2 years ago. She 3 enough money to buy it then, but when she received her monthly allowance, she 4 to the shop to buy the jumper. But she was disappointed. They told her they 5 it the day before, and there 6 any more. A week later, it was Johanna’s birthday and after school her friends gave her a present. They 7 her the jumper from the shop! It was a really nice jumper, so they 8 why Johanna started laughing when she opened it.

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

4 Complete the table with the nouns in the box.

allowance advice bread equipment hour jacket music sandwich song umbrella

a piece of / some

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1

5 6

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

. (good news) I’ve got ! (Saturday job) B: Well done! I said you’d find in the end. (work) 2 A: Don’t forget to pack . (warm clothes) It gets cold at night. B: I’ve got (cotton jumper) . (jeans) Is that enough? and 3 A: I need . (advice) I’m getting . (new glasses) Can you help me choose them? B: Yeah, sure. Making like that on your own is always hard. (decision) 1

A: I’ve got

brackets and a, an or some.

5 Complete the conversations with the nouns in

When I was little, I (spend) all my money on sweets, but now I don’t. As she (go) to football practice, Lauren saw a £20 note lying on the pavement and (pick) it up. Xavier (never sold) anything online before, so he wasn’t sure how much to charge. That restaurant (not be) popular, but now it’s always full. (pay) off all her Once Amelia debts, she had a lot more money to live on. I told you three times this morning to take some money, but you obviously (not listen).

CONJUNCTIONS

VOCABULARY

6 Choose the correct answers.

SHOPPING

m Ca

Jacob was allergic to milk, dairy, eggs and gluten. 1 Since / Therefore, there were lots of things he couldn’t eat, like ice cream. 2 However / So, his mum didn’t give up. She looked everywhere for dairy-free ice cream 3 but / so that he could eat it, 4 but / as a result she didn’t find any. 5 So / Because, she decided to make some herself! 6 Therefore / In order to do that, she experimented in her kitchen with different ingredients and made a delicious ice cream for Jacob. 7 Because / So that everyone she knew liked her ice cream so much, she started to sell it in local shops. 8 As a result / However, she created a business which has now made her a very wealthy woman!

1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. brands browsing i n stock on offer sold out unavailable 1

3 4 5

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 6

7 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

2 The words in bold are in the wrong place. Put

them in the correct place and change the form if necessary. 1

as as a result however in order to so that 1 2 3 4

I saved most of my allowance I could buy a ticket for the music festival. Alana wanted to hire a DJ for her party. , her parents said no. manage your money, it’s essential to make a sensible budget. The youth club organised a disco to raise money. , they were able to get some new sports equipment. Rasmus came from a wealthy family, he didn’t have any student debt.

STRETCH! Complete the text with one word in

each gap.

The assistant says that jacket is , but they’re getting some more in next week. There are lots of international in the clothing industry. Yes, we have those shirts . What size are you? in shops. I just go in, I hate buy what I want, pay and leave. I couldn’t go to the sales for a week after they started, so the coat I wanted was . Oh, that’s lucky! The item I want is this week. It’s half price.

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

We 1 shopping in town last weekend. We had seen 2 news on social media the week before: two clothes shops were closing down 3 the economy was doing badly, and so they were 4 everything at half price. As a 5 , the shops were full of people, but I was lucky – I found 6 really nice pair of jeans. It’s a pity those shops 7 decided to close, as I 8 to get 9 really nice clothes there.

My sister spends ages in stock in fashion shops but she never buys anything. She’s not an ideal chain ! Shopping malls are boring. The shops are always the same consumers – there are no original or different places to shop. I don’t usually bother with the sales. My feet are so small that there are never many shoes browsing in my size. They are usually still full price. Before I go to a shop, I often look online to make sure what I want to buy is unavailable . I hate getting asked for feedback just after I’ve made a sell out . How do I know if it’s a good product yet? It’s still in the bag! I tried to buy tickets for the concert, but they were all exported in an hour! In many chain stores, some sizes are always on offer in the shop. You can only buy them online. I hate the way sports companies produce their trainers in countries where it’s cheap, and then purchase them to other countries to sell at high prices.

WRITING

AN ESSAY 1 Read the task. Then read the essay below. Does the

Talking in general terms about a topic

writer agree or disagree with the statement?

m Ca

Write an essay about the following topic: Shopping online is quick, easy and generally a positive experience. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write your answer in 140–190 words.

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the essay again and complete the table below with examples from the essay.

plural nouns (e.g. consumers)

2 people + verb 3 you + verb 4 they + verb

Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your essay. Make notes for each paragraph.

INTRODUCTION: A short opening paragraph. Use signposting to introduce the topic.

ONLINE SHOPPING

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Nowadays, buying items online is popular. Companies say it is quicker and easier, and gives consumers a positive experience, but is that really true? In this essay, I will discuss some benefits and drawbacks of online shopping.

PARAGRAPH 2: Benefits of a monthly allowance

Good websites make shopping online easy, and companies have more products and sizes on their website than they have in stock in their shops. People get the item delivered quickly to their door and save time by not going out to shop.

However, websites make everything look good! Therefore, you don’t know if you like your purchase until it arrives. It can be complicated to return something and get your money back. Also, online shopping is difficult for teenagers if they don’t have a bank account. In my experience, shopping online can be complicated and frustrating, so definitely not a positive experience. I have had problems with the quality of items and returning something that wasn’t right. What’s more, I can’t pay without a card, and last time I asked my parents to do it, they said no! As a result, I prefer to do my shopping in a real shop.

writer use? Make notes in the table.

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

Look at your notes in Exercise 4. Which ways to generalise from Exercise 3 can you use in your essay?

6 Your teacher has asked you to write an essay about the following topic.

Teenagers should get a monthly allowance so they can learn how to budget. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write your answer in 140–190 words.

Drawbacks of shopping online

Benefits of shopping online

CONCLUSION: A short final paragraph with your opinion about the topic

2 Read the essay again. What arguments does the

PARAGRAPH 3: Drawbacks of a monthly allowance

SELF-EVALUATION

EXAM TIP Although you won’t hear exactly the same words or phrases as you read in sentences 1–10, the meaning is the same. However, the word or words you need to write are all words the speaker says. You do not need to change anything.

Check your writing: Content: Have you included pros and cons and given your opinion? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you followed the paragraph plan? Language: Have you made enough general points?

m Ca

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 2

2.1 You will hear a young man called Sam Parker talking about how he started earning money. For questions 1–10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

The unexpected

music teacher

LISTENING

At the age of fifteen, Sam was playing 1 in a student band.

1 Do you know any teenagers who do any of these coach a sports team

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

things to make some money?

when a Sam felt 2 boy called Liam asked him for lessons.

sell things they don’t want online take people’s dogs for walks teach other young people wash neighbours’ cars

Liam went to Sam’s home for lessons 3 when he first started learning.

Liam gave Sam 4 for every lesson, though Sam wasn’t expecting payment. Sam was asked to teach

to two children

from a family Liam knew.

Sam found more pupils because of the of personal 6 young people he already taught. The classes Sam taught were 7

long.

When Sam began advertising, he realised that had the local 8 most success. By the time Sam finished secondary school, he had approximately 9 young people learning different instruments.

Although Sam’s business increased after he left school, he describes this experience as 10 because he was concerned about getting into debt.

Imagine you want to do something like Sam. What would you teach? What would be the best and worst things about a job like that?

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

AGREEING AND DISAGREEING

1 USING APPROPRIATE GESTURES AND BODY LANGUAGE

m Ca

My partner is:

Bad idea

s and types of Which gesture te are appropria body language in discussions?

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Good idea

Making eye contact

arms

head/face

voice

eyes

Gestures / Body language I think I do well: Gestures / Body language I think I need to improve:

2 EXPRESSING YOUR OPINION RESPECTFULLY Phrases I can use to say: I agree with you.

I politely disagree.

Choose two or three phrases from ht each category that you like, highlig them here and try to use them in every class discussion. 18

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

Tip Don’t forget to give everyone the opportunity to express their opinions!

ORACY 1

3 MAKING CONSTRUCTIVE COMMENTS

ON OTHER PEOPLE’S IDEAS OR VIEWS

m Ca

Phrases I can use to make constructive comments Ask for more information

I’d be to know why you that. I think we need to at that idea in more .

Paraphrase

It sounds What I’m

you’re saying … you say is …

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Co

Express an alternative I think we also need to I see the matter

Tip

Express disagreement

… because …

I’m not would work I can see some with that.

that …

Don’t forget to wait until the other person has finished to start your turn!

After the discussion:

show Draw a face to how you feel.

SELF-EVALUATION

What things can I improve?

What things did I do well?

I can …

• use appropriate gestures and body language.

• express my opinion respectfully. • make constructive comments on other •

people’s ideas or views. wait my turn in the discussion.

UNIT 2 MONEY MATTERS

| 19

REVIEW 1 UNITS 1 & 2 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

Hi Dad,

Knowing / We are knowing you like postcards, I 2 send / ’m sending you this one from NYC, the most exciting city ever! Everything people 3 say / are saying about it is true! The food 4 tastes / is tasting delicious and the traffic 5 never stops / is never stopping. 6 Walking / We are walking along Fifth Avenue yesterday, we saw Tom Hanks! Tonight we 7 go / ’re going to see a Broadway show.

m Ca

Love Tony (and Diana)

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 2 Complete the email with the correct form of the words in brackets. Inbox

Hi Jo,

2 Messages

Hope you’re well! I’ve arrived at university!! (more/ The more I find out, 1 excite) I feel about being here! I’m sharing a flat on campus with three other students. It wasn’t easy arranging all my stuff because my room (deal/small) than my here is 2 bedroom at home, but I did it in the end. I need (lot/tidy) than to make sure it’s 3 it was at home, or it will be impossible to find anything . I’m not a very good cook but I’m (bit/good) with practice! getting 4

Review 1

esearchers disagree about whether living in a village or a city is more likely to make you happy. However, they do agree that feeling that you 1 in a place is important. I have lived in the suburbs of a big city and in a rural village and enjoyed both. If you 2 with your neighbours in a 3 way, even if it’s just stopping for a chat when you pass in the street, it creates a 4 that experts say increases your happiness. Wherever you live, having of friends and a(n) 5 acquaintances helps you to 6 with others and creates a feeling of community. I always try to 7 in community events and get to know my neighbours. In my experience, both urban neighbourhoods and rural villages can become 8 communities where people are happy and willing to help each other, without feeling that it’s a(n) 9 .

belong bond genuine identify i nteract meaningful network obligation p articipate

How are you doing? Write soon and tell me. The (close/ holidays are getting 8 close), so it won’t be long before we’ll be home. I’m looking forward to seeing you!

2 Complete the text with the words in the box.

We have lectures or seminars every day. Getting around this enormous campus was hard at first, (easy/easy). but now it’s getting 5 (lot/ Everyone on my course is 6 friendly) than I imagined, so I’m making lots of friends. You know how shy I was, but now the (confident) more people I know, 7 I feel. It’s great!

Our city centre is changing. In the past, the main streets were 1 culturally diverse / overcrowded and full of traffic, but now there are more 2 suburbs / pedestrian zones in the centre with lots of 3 culturally diverse / rural restaurants, cafés and shops. What’s more, better public 4 outskirts / transport links into the centre mean people can leave their cars at home. So, these days, this 5 rural / urban area is a much nicer place to go out and enjoy yourself! Another change is that many people have moved from the city centre to new houses on the 6 outskirts / residential, with better 7 local facilities / pedestrian zones like libraries and schools.

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Choose the correct answers to complete

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

the sentences. 1

m Ca

My granddad used to make / was making beautiful furnitures / pieces of furniture when he was younger. This morning I took / was taking the dog for a walk when I saw / was seeing my friend in the park. She said that it was the first time she had ever eaten / ever used to eat sushi. My cousin is looking for someone who can give him an / some advice about travelling in South America. My sister is looking for a summer job / work before she goes back to university.

as a result however in order to so so that therefore

A: I want to save some of my allowance. 1

2 Complete the conversation with the words and phrases in the box.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

phrases in the box.

2 Complete the conversation with the words and

When young people leave home, they often find it hard to 1 live on / put aside the money they have. It’s hard to maintain the 2 economy / standard of living that you had with your family. You have to be quite 3 unaffordable / wealthy to rent your own place, so many people share accommodation in order to 4 make ends meet / pay off. It’s important to work out your 5 allowance / budget to avoid going into 6 bank account / debt, but it’s not easy. Maybe that’s why a lot of young people still live at home.

, I’ve decided to open a bank

account. B: I did that, but I got a credit card, too. 2 , I always spend more than I realise. A: Yes, I thought about that, 3 I’ve decided not to get a card. I’m going to get an app on my phone instead, 4 keep track of my spending. B: Oh, that’s a good idea! A: I’m going to use my app to set limits, too, 5 I can save more easily. B: I wish I could save money! 6 , my allowance is small, and that makes it harder.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 1 and 2.

A: Is that a new jumper? It’s really nice. Was it

expensive?

B: No! I don’t buy luxury 1

I usually buy clothes in the in the shopping centre, which are a lot cheaper, especially if they are 3 in the sales. But this jumper isn’t new. I bought it in a charity shop, so it was really cheap. I often go in there to 4 on my way home from school. You never know what they’ll have 5 , though, so sometimes I don’t see anything I like. A: I tried to buy a nice jumper online the other day, but I was too late. They had already 6 of my size. B: Yes, that’s the problem with online 7 . Everybody buys the same things in the same sizes, and then they are 8 unless they can get more in! 2

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 1 and 2.

where we live community and connection our relationship with money shopping 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that you enjoyed learning about the most. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you think you will use most in future.

Review 1

Present simple and present continuous Present participle clauses Modifying comparatives and superlatives Past tenses Countable and uncountable nouns Conjunctions 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you feel most confident about. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

brands browse chains in stock on offer purchases sold out unavailable

UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B VOCABULARY

3 Complete the headings in the leaflet with compound nouns from Exercise 1.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

SAVE OUR PLANET!

m Ca

1 Match 1–7 to a–g to form compound nouns. 1

Here’s what we can do:

c sprawl

Change to an energy company that uses renewable energy. Use less plastic made from oil. 1

d waste e loss

warming g pollution f

Use eco-friendly products at home for washing clothes and cleaning. 2

b fuels

Let’s take action before it’s too late!

a sea levels

air / water species global fossil rising urban household

2 Choose the correct environmental issue.

READING

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

We can’t keep putting waste in holes in the ground. We need to recycle and reuse things more. urban sprawl / landfill Those factory ships are going to catch more fish. Do you think there will still be fish in our oceans in a few years’ time? rising sea levels / overfishing I can use less paper and recycle any paper and cardboard I use. It’s a small step but it will help. deforestation / air pollution Experts think that by 2050 there will be 9.7 billion people on Earth. Is that too many? fossil fuels / overpopulation This is a big problem for polar bears. They live on the ice and there’s less and less of it. global warming / household waste

Choose to walk, cycle or use public transport instead of using a petrol car.

Let your garden grow wild, with flowers to encourage insects. 3

Say no to bottled water, use reusable bottles and containers. Buy food with little or no packaging. 5

Be part of the change NOW!

STRETCH! Think of three more things we can do to help the environment. Write a leaflet, with headings, like the one in Exercise 3.

1 Read the title of the article and look at the photo. Where is the girl? What is she going to do? 2 Read the article. Check your answers to Exercise 1.

We hear and read a lot about the problems of air pollution in our cities, household waste in landfill, and how deforestation affects global warming. Today we’re looking at a group of young people who are taking action and finding solutions to a different kind of environmental problem.

Ambassadors of the

Salim Vazquez is on the Caribbean coast, preparing to dive into the water near Puerto Viejo, a city in the south of Costa Rica where she is a sea ambassador. Before she dives, she puts some leaves from an almond tree inside her diving mask. Later, when she’s in the water, she’ll remove them. The natural oils in the leaves will help her see through the mask more easily. Salim won’t use chemicals to do this because she knows that they’re bad for the environment. 22

UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B

A scuba diver

Until recently, she didn’t know how to dive and she couldn’t afford lessons, but Salim is part of an organisation called Ambassadors of the Sea Community Diving Centre. It not only gives young people the opportunity to do important 17 conservation work in the Caribbean, but it also helps them find a purpose in life and improve things for their community. These young people clean the seabed, monitor the coral reefs, analyse water pollution levels, and look for old ships under the water – underwater archaeology.

m Ca

The idea for the organisation came from María Suárez Toro when she realised that in Costa Rica scuba diving was something tourists did but that local people, especially younger people, found it harder to do because it was very expensive. She decided to offer young people in Puerto Viejo the chance to help protect their own environment. The organisation offers free training courses in different types of diving, underwater archaeology and coral monitoring. In order to participate, young people need good grades at school, and they also have to cook a Caribbean meal (to show that they are going to continue to preserve their culture and traditions), help with beach cleaning, become a sea ambassador, and take part in other activities that the dive centre organises.

encourage people to become more aware of how their behaviour affects the environment, so they give up their bad habits. The centre has become like another family for her. She has just finished high school and she is going to start a degree in oceanography soon. In the future, she hopes she will run a project to help sharks – her favourite animal.

Two important changes are happening in the water here in Puerto Viejo. For years, there was no way to keep the water clean, but now local companies are going to build a new water treatment plant. During the COVID-19 pandemic, when there were fewer boats and people in the water, water pollution decreased and there was more coral and more sea animals than ever before. The young divers continue to monitor them carefully.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

One day soon, these young divers will have a new headquarters, Casa del Mar, to welcome visitors and children from their local community. Anumí hopes their dream will come true and that the new headquarters will be there for the next generation when there will be a whole community of sea ambassadors. More than three billion people around the world depend on the oceans for their livelihoods, so we’re going to need more people like Salim and Anumí.

Like Salim, Anumí Sassaroli is a sea ambassador. When she dives, she wants to bring what she finds out about underwater life back to the land to share with other people. She wants to

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 5

3 Now read the article again. For questions 1–6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think best fits according to the text.

4 Why did María Suárez Toro start Ambassadors of

the Sea Community Diving Centre? A She thought scuba diving should be cheaper for everyone. B She wanted to encourage everyone to learn to scuba dive. C She realised that not everyone who lived locally had the chance to scuba dive. D She thought it was a good way to help students get better marks at school. 5 What is one of Anumí’s aims as a sea ambassador? A to give things she finds in the sea to others B to help people learn how to protect the environment C to encourage others to study oceanography D to advise people that sharks are in danger 6 What does the article say about the future of Puerto Viejo? A Local people will help to build the divers a new headquarters. B There won’t be as many boats or divers in the sea to harm the sea life. C There will be many more sea ambassadors. D The young divers can help create sea ambassadors all over the world. UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B

In the first paragraph the writer is introducing … A all the environmental problems mentioned in the article. B the idea that environmental problems can be solved. C solutions for environmental problems in our cities. D how young people around the world can help the environment. 2 What does the writer suggest about Salim Vazquez? A She travels around the Caribbean area. B She is contributing to the problem of water pollution. C She needs help to understand how to protect her environment. D She is aware of things that can cause environmental problems. 3 What does it refer to in line 17? A The organisation Salim is part of B The fact that she could not dive until recently C The Caribbean sea D The work she does in the ocean 1

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the conversations. Use the correct form of will or going to and the verbs in brackets.

WILL AND GOING TO

A: What’s the matter?

B: My phone

1 Choose the correct answers. 1 2

m Ca

In the future, I think we will / are going to use electric cars. I can’t play tennis with you later. I’ll / I’m going to meet Delia at the eco shop. Will you / Are you going to go on holiday this summer? Don’t worry. We won’t / aren’t going to be late. Phew! It’s 7 am and it’s 30 oC. It will / ’s going to be a hot day. We will / ’re going to start a recycling scheme at school next week. In the future, we won’t / aren’t going to use plastic very much, I don’t think. Please don’t put that bottle in the general waste. I ’ll / ’m going to recycle it for you with my stuff.

4 Complete the text with the correct form of will or going to and the verbs in brackets.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

(die) any minute now. The battery’s on 2%. A: extinct animals (live) on the Earth again? B: I don’t know. Let’s ask our science teacher. A: you (go) to the archaeology talk tomorrow? B: Yes, I am. What about you? A: Can you come to the cinema tonight? B: I don’t know. Hang on! I (ask) my mum now. A: Look at those black clouds. It (rain). B: Never mind. Let’s stay in and watch a film.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct verbs from each box.

FUTU RE CITIES

’ll visit / ’s going to visit

Sandra her grandparents in Galicia in August. 2 One day, I New York. That’s my dream! 1

will lose / ’re going to lose 3 I think our team

the

singing competition next month. 4 Oh no! They aren’t playing well. They . ’ll go / ’s going to go 5 Aitor

to climate action club on Thursday after school. 6 Look! There’s Maya. I and ask her now about the recycling project. will study / ’re going to study

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADVERBS 5 Complete the table. Comparative adverb slow far beautiful high bad serious

UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B

Superlative adverb

life on other planets.

science at university. 8 One day scientists

environmental

In Japan, the Japanese car manufacturer Toyota 4 (build) a new smart city – Woven City – just outside Tokyo, near Mount Fuji. There 5 (not be) any air pollution because people 6 (not drive) cars. Self-driving electric cars and other vehicles 7 (transport) people around the city. So, what 8 (it / look like)? Check out the videos online!

7 They

By 2050, 68% of the world’s population 1 (live) in urban areas and overpopulation and urban sprawl 2 (be) a reality. We know from what’s happening already that cities 3 (expand) very quickly, so we must plan more green spaces.

6 Choose the correct answers. 1 2 3 4

m Ca

We arrived earlier / the earliest than the other students for the exam. Adil climbed higher / the highest of all the students on the climbing wall. Juno can speak Portuguese more fluently / the most fluently than Alvaro. Benji looks happier / the happiest today than yesterday. You worked better / the best of all of us today. Well done! We all sing well but Sergio sings more beautifully / the most beautifully. Who do you think works harder / the hardest in our class? Marc’s group did their project more carefully / the most carefully than us.

EXAM TIP

STRETCH! Read the sentences and find mistakes in four of them. Correct the mistakes.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Raul and I will go to look round the shops later. Do you want to come with us? Silvia speaks more quieter than Erin. Have we run out of bread? I’m going to get some on my way home. I think everyone will use electric cars in 2030. Of all the students in my class, Inés eats the most slowest at lunchtime. Are we going to watch the film about coral reefs at lunchtime?

VOCABULARY DESCRIBING ANIMALS 1 Complete the words with the missing vowels. 1

f w sh h cl p

n ng ll rn ws w

7 f

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Before you start to fill in the gaps, read the whole text to understand its meaning. When you fill in the gaps, make sure the word you write fits in with not just the words before it but the word following it, too.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

OF ENGLISH PART 2

2 3

4 5

8 sc 9 t

10 b 11

h f

l k f th

2 Complete the diagram with the words from Exercise 1.

7 Read the text below and think of the word

which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap.

BIRDS

BOTH

MAMMALS

SEA CREATURES

It is easy to feel pessimistic 0 when reading about the state of the world’s seas. 1 to a combination of climate change, pollution and overfishing, it often feels 2 the ocean and its biodiversity, which we rely on, will soon be lost. However, we shouldn’t lose hope. There is also good news to be found if you look. I read an article the 3 day about shrimp fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico, 4 are now using nets with special turtle excluder devices, or TEDs, to catch shrimps. 5 of these TEDS, tens of thousands of turtles have been able to escape 6 the nets instead of drowning. Curiously, 7 they started using these nets, the fishermen have also been catching more shrimps, 8 everyone is happier.

UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B

WRITING

2 Read the article again. Does the writer answer the

AN ARTICLE

questions in the task in Exercise 1?

1 Read the task. Then read the article below. What is this community doing?

Using complex sentences to express ideas 1

m Ca

You see this advert on the website of an English language newspaper.

LANGUAGE FOCUS Complete the table below with sentences from the article.

Environmental problems are everywhere!

2 trees and plants produce oxygen ➜ cleaner air

3 help environment + good for physical/mental health

Tell us how your community is finding solutions for environmental issues in your town/city.

What is the biggest environmental issue in the town/city where you live? What action is your community taking?

urban sprawl ➜ destroy habitats (insects/birds) ➜ heavy traffic ➜ air pollution

4 Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your article

for the newspaper. Make notes for each paragraph. Use the model text in Exercise 1 to help you.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

How is the action making a difference or how will it make a difference?

PARAGRAPH 1: Introduction: the biggest issue related to climate change where you live

The best articles will appear on our website.

PARAGRAPH 2: the action you are taking in your community/country PARAGRAPH 3: how the action will make a difference

Cities are a major cause of environmental damage, and Amsterdam, where I live, is a good example. Increasing urban sprawl is destroying the natural habitats of wild animals, especially insects and birds, and the heavy traffic creates air pollution. There are a lot of environmental problems here, but for me bad air quality is the worst.

Ideas to combine

Our urban garden will reduce air pollution. The trees and plants will take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, which means that the air will be cleaner. More insects and birds will come to live in a new green space.

As well as helping the environment, gardens help people spend their time more healthily. They improve our physical and mental health, not to mention that research shows that cities with green spaces have happier people. I’m going to volunteer to help make my community greener.

UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B

Look at your notes in Exercise 4. Which ideas can you combine to make complex sentences? Use the diagram to plan your ideas.

Because of that, my local community is going to create an urban garden. Landscape designers will plan the space with us and there will be places for people to sit, walk and relax. We are going to plant trees, flowers, fruit and vegetables.

PARAGRAPH 4: your opinion after considering all the information about this topic

EXAM TIP In Writing Part 2, you are given a chance to show your range of language. Make sure you use a variety of grammatical structures, vocabulary and expressions.

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 1

3.1 You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1–8, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

m Ca

6 Read the exam task below. Write your answer in 140–190 words.

You see this advert on the website of an English language newspaper. 2

Climate change is real! Tell us what your community is doing to find solutions to this issue in your town/country. What is the biggest problem related to climate change where you live?

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

What action is your community taking?

How is the action making a difference or how will it make a difference?

The best articles will appear on our website.

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing:

Content: Have you answered the questions and included all the points? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly? Organisation: Have you followed the paragraph plan? Language: Have you used complex sentences correctly?

LISTENING

You hear a teacher talking to a class. What does he want the students to do? A bring fruit and vegetables to the main hall tomorrow B come to a meeting of a new environmental group C get involved in looking after the school garden You hear two friends talking. What are they doing? A going for a walk by the sea B drawing birds for a school project C cleaning up a beach You hear a telephone call. Why is the caller feeling stressed? A He thinks his dog is ill. B His dog ate something bad two days ago. C The vet can’t see him until the afternoon. You hear an old man talking about the past. What does he prefer about life now? A using digital technology B being able to cycle everywhere C having a parking space for his car You hear a TV news report. What does the Dutch designer’s new invention do? A It shows a lot of traffic ads. B It produces air for many trees. C It helps to clean the air. You hear part of a classroom presentation. What is the boy explaining? A a way to recycle plastic waste from the ocean B a solution to a marine problem with waste C a way to rescue sea creatures from the ocean You hear part of an interview with a scientist. What is the focus of her research? A endangered animals in Canada B ways to protect one species in Canada C the effects of climate change in Canada You hear two friends having a conversation. What is the boy’s opinion? A He’s very enthusiastic and thinks it’s a great idea. B He isn’t very interested and doesn’t think it will happen. C He’s surprised but thinks it’s a good idea.

1 Read the exam task in Exercise 2. Look at the

photo and match it to two of the questions.

3 Which of extracts 5–8 interested you the most? UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B

| 27

WE ALL HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO LOOK AFTER THE NATURAL WORLD.

1 THINK m Ca

Tips for Think

I’m working with:

Choose a maximum of three issues that you and your team feel most strongly about to discuss further in the Prepare section.

air pollution

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Environmental issues

The issue that most affects my local community is .

2 PREPARE

Tips for Prepare

Making a decision as a group

Give your opinion and reasons. Listen carefully to other people, think about all the options and explain the one you think is best. Encourage everyone to speak. Make the decision as a group.

My role is:

I can find out more about this issue from:

– What do you think?

I need to finish my research by: Day

Month

UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B

– I think … is the most important local issue because …

The local issue we will focus on is:

Don’t worry if your issue isn’t chosen – that doesn’t mean it’s a bad one. It won’t be possible to use all the issues. You have to choose one.

CHALLENGE 2

3 DEVELOP Tips for Develop

m Ca

Use each other’s skills and talents as much as possible. Divide the work so that people can do what they are best at.

What I found out:

My role/first draft will be:

What action we can take:

Useful language I can use to talk about this:

How we will present our work to the class (slides/podcast/poster):

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

4 PRESENT

Group order for presentation

Material to use

Check that it’s all ready

Tips for Present

Criticism is helpful when it is positive and constructive. Listen carefully to feedback and try to understand it. What will you learn from it to help you in the future?

show Draw a face to how you feel.

After the presentation

Questions/Feedback from the class:

I can …

• identify and understand local • identify, gather and organise relevant

environmental issues.

Things I did well:

SELF-EVALUATION

information.

Things I want to improve:

• evaluate options and come to a group • •

decision. work with others in a group. listen and respond appropriately to feedback.

UNIT 3 THERE’S NO PLANET B |

UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS VOCABULARY ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

m Ca

1 Make adjectives from the nouns using the suffixes in the box. -al -ed -ful -less -y

7 8 10

2 Complete the sentences with adjectives from Exercise 1. 1

OF ENGLISH PART 3

3 Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the

lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Every year, in New York, Milan and Paris, fashion shows present what we will see in the shops in a few months. One summer, the new 0 trendy item is a pair of multi-coloured trainers. The following year we should all wear

Hawaiian shirts with white trainers. Then the next big thing is longsleeved blue and white 2 T-shirts with wide jeans, or 3 maxi-dresses. Designers manage to create 4 new styles that we long to have in our wardrobe. Either that, or they rediscover vintage fashion, when the ‘latest’ fashion is a 5 style from decades ago. Anyway, I’ve decided that enough is enough. From now on I’m going to develop my own 6 style. 1

UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS

STRIPE FLOWER END

CYCLE

PERSON

sporty car

2 colourful

a not willing to reveal their feelings b with long, complex words and

language

sentences

3 hooded eyes

c using rude or offensive words

4 formal education

d has fast acceleration

5 buttoned-up

e when skin covers the upper eyelid f

learning in a school or college

(person)

COLOUR

STRETCH! Match the phrases using adjectives with suffixes (1–6) to their meanings (a–f).

6 flowery language 30

TREND

My dad thinks he looks but his clothes are very old-fashioned! That dress has a lovely pattern, with lots of pink and white roses. I prefer the grey and black skirt to the plain one. It’s more stylish. At the opening of parliament, the officials wore clothes. As a lawyer, he has to look , so he wears a smart suit. When it’s cold in the winter, I wear a sweatshirt to keep my head warm. Is that photo of your parents on their wedding day? Your mum’s dress is so . I don’t know why I put on a top this morning. It’s quite cold today!

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

When you see the stem word at the end of the line, don’t automatically write as your answer a related word which you know well. Make sure you read the surrounding sentence to decide what the missing word is.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

EXAM TIP

Adjective

Noun pattern sleeve beauty trend ceremony flower profession hood colour finger

READING

3 Read the blog post again and complete the sentences. 1

1 You’re going to read a blog post about

fashion. Before you read, answer this quiz.

2 3

1 When do you think the first pair of blue jeans was made?

m Ca

a the 1560s b the 1870s

c the 1930s

2 Why do you think jeans are so popular? Because they are …

a blue.

b comfortable.

c made in so many styles.

In the UK, jeans were voted the of the last 100 years. The fabric for jeans was originally made in a town called in France. The first people to wear Levi jeans were in California. Jeans first became a men’s fashion item because of in the USA. Young people started wearing jeans because they liked wore them. The blogger thinks it would be impossible to jeans now. The blogger thinks jeans have lasted so long because they are always in . Raw denim clothes are better for than other denims.

4 Write short answers to the questions.

3 What is raw denim?

What styles and colours of jeans do you like? 2 Why do you think we all wear jeans? 3 What do you think of buying raw denim? 1

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

a denim in its original state b indigo-blue denim

c denim treated with chemicals

5 Match the words describing jeans to the photos in the blog post (A–D).

2 Read the blog post quickly. Check your

FASHION BLOG

HOME | COMMENTS | LOG IN

answers in Exercise 1.

Hi, fashionistas!

stone-washed 2 wide-legged

3 cropped 4 flared

The results of that magazine vote in the UK on the best fashion trend of the last century are in. Guess what came top – jeans! So, why are they so popular?

Our jeans are usually dyed, washed and treated with chemicals to make the denim softer and look older. However, these processes are bad for the environment. Raw denim, the material when it’s first made, is hard and stiff and lasts for decades. Someone who buys raw denim jeans might wear them in a bath, so they shrink to exactly their size, but that doesn’t harm the environment.

UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS

So, what’s the secret of their lasting popularity? Variety! Think wide, cropped or straight legs, skinny or baggy, flared, stone-washed, and these days many colours, not just indigo blue. They never go out of fashion!

In the 1950s, young people discovered jeans when they saw them on musicians and actors like Elvis, Marlon Brando or James Dean. Soon, women as well as men started buying them, and in the 1970s famous designers like Calvin Klein began creating their own expensive versions. Now every fashion company makes jeans and we’ve all got used to wearing them. I couldn’t imagine life without them.

When I researched their history, I realised they were a lot older than I thought. Italian sailors from Genoa used to wear similar trousers, called ‘genes’, from about 1567 onwards. But the jeans we know today were designed by the Levi Strauss company in 1873. Made in strong blue denim (from Nîmes, in France), they were suitable for hard manual work. Originally worn by Californian gold miners and farmers, jeans (and cowboy hats!) became trendy clothes for men in the 1920s, with help from Hollywood cowboy films.

| 31

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the text with the correct form of be / get

USED TO AND BE / GET USED TO

used to or used to and the verbs in the box. be buy go not have not see spend take not wear

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the

sentences. In one case both answers are correct. Nadia isn’t used to cooking / used to cook, so the pasta sauce she made me today didn’t taste very good! Karl got glasses last year. At first it was hard for him to be used to / get used to wearing them, but now he says it’s fine except when it rains. Berta didn’t use to / wasn’t used to like girl’s clothes when she was younger. She loved baggy clothes and hated pink. I used to be / ’m getting used to being very lazy, but not anymore. This year we’ve got important exams, so I’m used to / getting used to making a work plan and trying to revise every night. But it’s hard! A: Are you used to living / Have you got used to living in the village now? B: Yes, I’ve been here over a year. It feels like home. When Esme started college she didn’t use to catch / wasn’t used to catching the bus, so in her first term she often missed it. But now she ’s used to / get used to getting up earlier, and she doesn’t have a problem.

m Ca

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2 Complete the texts with the correct form of be / get used to or used to and the verbs in brackets.

UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS

4 For questions 1–6, complete the second

sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1

My job is better now that I’ve become more accustomed to such early starts. USED My job is easier now because I so early. As a child I always wore the same clothes as my brother. TO the As a child I same clothes as my brother. How are you adapting to your new life in the country? GETTING How are you in the country? They hadn’t run a business before, so it was hard for them. USED It wasn’t easy for them at first because they a business. She still finds it strange to have so much money. GET She having so much money. I don’t normally wear smart clothes. WEARING I smart clothes.

OF ENGLISH PART 4

Alex 5 (wear) school uniform until he got to year 12. That’s when, at his school, you can wear your own clothes. So he had to 6 (choose) what to wear. He 7 (not think) about what clothes to wear first thing in the morning and it was a bit (wear) stressful! But now he 8 his own clothes, and he loves being able to put on comfortable sporty gear every day.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

My granny told me that when she was young, (not have) most people 1 mobile phones. She said in those days the only (use) them were people who 2 businesspeople, and all the mobiles were big and heavy. Now, though, everybody has one, and (use) them for everything, we 3 so it’s hard to imagine not having one. But my gran doesn’t like them. She says she can’t 4 (see) everyone looking at their phones all the time.

Samira wanted to be fashionable, so she 1 a lot of clothes and accessories. Her cupboards were full, and it 2 her ages to decide what to put on. In fact, there were lots of things she 3 at all. So she decided to stop buying clothes for a year. It wasn’t easy. She 4 shopping every Saturday with her friends. But, slowly, she 5 at home more, and doing other things with her friends. Her family were happy too, because they 6 Samira so much. But the biggest change for Samira was that she 7 money in her purse! Now she could 8 her allowance on other things.

ADJECTIVE ORDER 5 Decide if the sentences are correct or incorrect. Correct the incorrect sentences. 1 2

m Ca

The fashion show was amazing, loud and colourful. ✓ / ✗ They bought me a gold, little, beautiful bracelet. ✓ / ✗ She’s wearing a green and blue, fantastic, silk dress. ✓ / ✗ He’s making some complicated, white, cotton jeans. ✓ / ✗ How much is that lovely, small, black, leather bag in the window? ✓ / ✗ Those shoes are ugly and uncomfortable and expensive. ✓ / ✗ We’re going to stay in a new, luxury, big hotel on the coast. ✓ / ✗

1 2

4 5 6

long, / The / and / was / slow / boring. / film jumper? / and / Have / my / you / white / black / seen / striped leather / bought / some / sandals./ amazing / She / red electric / got / brand-new / She’s / pink / scooter. / a a / It’s / morning. / winter / beautiful / clear new / checked / I / your / coat! / trendy / love / brown

You can see from old photos that Connor didn’t 1 to follow fashion. There’s one where he was wearing an old, pink 2 green, checked shirt that could be his grandad’s! Anyway, last year he started wearing fashionable clothes. I remember he , leather, bought an amazing 3 hooded jacket, for example. We weren’t used to 4 him dressed so well, and at first 5 we used laugh at him, but he didn’t care. Nowadays I often go shopping with him and I’ve got 6 to him giving me advice. The other day he stopped me buying , ripped jeans some expensive, 7 because he said dark colours are unfashionable now! Sometimes I can’t 8 used to the new Connor.

VOCABULARY

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

6 Put the words in order to make sentences.

STRETCH! Complete the text with ONE word in

each gap.

7 Write descriptions of the clothing and accessories, using the words in brackets.

FASHION

1 Complete the words for fashion. 1

2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9

a g d w l u f i d

s o fashion r clothing o (clothing)

w fashion n s u

2 Replace the words and phrases in bold with words and phrases from Exercise 1. HOME | BLOG

(beautiful / delicate / silver)

(black / cotton / hooded / white)

(flowery / pretty / sleeveless)

UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS |

(designer / expensive / large)

How can you get away from fast fashion? It’s difficult if you always want to 1 wear the latest styles but can’t afford to buy 2 expensive clothes from exclusive fashion houses. I asked a friend for some advice. First, she said, look for things that are more classic, things that don’t 3 stop being fashionable, basically because they’ve never really been 4 the latest style in the first place! Obviously, no one wants to appear 5 old-fashioned, so she says the secret is to develop your own personal 6 style. One way to do this is to use 7 smaller items to accompany clothes like jewellery, belts or hats, to change the way you look. This can really make a difference if you need to 8 look smart for a special occasion. She also said it’s better to save up your money to buy better-quality clothes, so they don’t 9 get in a bad condition too quickly.

WRITING

AN ESSAY

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the essay again and complete the table below.

A Young people often follow the same fashion trends, but some influencers encourage young people to develop their look …

1 Read the task. Then read the essay below. Does the writer agree with the statement?

B Young people often follow the same fashion trends, but some influencers encourage them to develop their look …

m Ca

In your English class you have been talking about the kinds of clothes teenagers wear and why. Now, your teacher has asked you to write an essay for homework.

2 What does them in sentence B refer to?

Some influencers think that young people should wear clothes that express their personality. Do you agree?

3 Why is it better to use sentence B?

Using reference words to refer back

Write about: 1 cost 2 peer pressure 3 (your own idea)

Which sentence (A or B) starts the essay?

Line 4: that =

2 Line 6: these = 3 Line 20: one =

Three more reference words in the essay:

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2 Read the essay again. What does the writer say

Cost: Peer pressure: Your own idea:

about the three points mentioned in the task? Make notes.

Think about these questions and make notes.

Do you or anyone you know wear a school uniform? What do you/they think of it? 2 If you don’t wear one, how do you feel about that? Would you like to? Why/Why not? 1

Young people often follow the same fashion trends, but some influencers encourage them to develop their look to match their personality. I’m not sure I agree with that.

EXAM TIP

Firstly, most shops sell the latest fashions, and these are often the cheapest items. Trying to buy clothes that are not in fashion can be a difficult, frustrating experience. My sister used to wear baggy skater clothes, but she could only find them in specialist shops, and they were a lot more expensive.

5 Read the task in Exercise 7 and plan your essay.

When planning your essay, try and include at least one example from your own experience, or from friends or family, to support your arguments.

Make notes for each paragraph. 1

Secondly, don’t forget peer pressure. If you look unfashionable, or different from your classmates, you may be laughed at. That isn’t an easy thing to get used to, especially if, like me, you worry about what other people think.

identity

3 PARAGRAPH 3: cost

4 PARAGRAPH 4: (your

own idea) opinion about the topic

When you write your essay, try to include pronouns and other referencing words like that to create longer sentences and connect sentences to each other. Write some possibilities here.

| UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS

5 CONCLUSION: your

In conclusion, I don’t agree with this statement. I think we should focus on other ways to express ourselves.

2 PARAGRAPH 2: group

Lastly, when you’re a teenager, you don’t always know what to wear to express yourself. Many teenagers experiment with different styles before they decide on one they feel comfortable with, and their personalities are still developing and changing. I think that’s a positive thing.

INTRODUCTION: introduce the topic

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 1

7 In your English class you have been talking

about clothes teenagers wear and why. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay for homework. Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view. Write 140–190 words.

m Ca

In some countries, secondary school students wear a school uniform. Is this a good or a bad thing?

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing: Content: Have you given reasons for your opinions? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you followed the paragraph plan? Language: Have you connected your ideas clearly?

Notes Write about: 1 group identity 2 cost 3 (your own idea)

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

LISTENING

1 Do you ever wear second-hand clothes? Where

can you get second-hand clothes from?

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 4

4.1 You will hear an interview with Konrad, who organises clothes exchanges for young people. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

6 When Konrad organised the second clothes

exchange, A he restricted the number of pieces of clothing people could bring. B he held it in a shop so people could see everything. C there were only jeans and sweatshirts. 7 After organising the clothes exchanges, Konrad A doesn’t enjoy other people wearing his clothes. B appreciates getting new clothes for free. C thinks the more clothes you have, the better.

EXAM TIP

Before you choose from the A, B, C options, listen to the audio and try to answer the questions in your own words. Then see which option, A, B or C, is closest to your answer.

5 The first clothes exchange went badly because A there were too many clothes. B the people there made the clothes dirty. C Konrad got stressed.

What did Konrad realise after he heard a talk at school? A the importance of the fashion industry for young people B that he and his friends didn’t need a lot of clothes to follow fashion C that he had some clothes that he obviously didn’t need 2 What options for getting rid of clothes did Konrad consider before clothes exchanges? A selling clothes to a second-hand shop in his town B selling his clothes online C asking his friend Lina to help him sell clothes cheaply 3 Konrad says that having a clothes exchange A was probably Lina’s idea over lunch. B was because his friends needed some clothes. C developed out of a discussion at school. 4 Konrad said that when he organised the first clothes exchange, A the Community Centre helped him organise everything. B he thought it would be complicated. C he advertised it online. 1

Do you think a clothes exchange would be popular with you and your friends? Why / Why not? UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS

MANAGING CONFLICT

1 SUGGESTING AND APPLYING GROUND RULES m Ca

Ground rules for group discussions

The people in my group are

I should … . 1 listen without . 2 pay attention to what others are , and avoid . 3 speak clearly and , even when I disagree. 4 respond to others . 5 criticise ideas, not . 6 give everybody a chance to , not win. 7 discuss in order to by the end of the discussion. 8 try to reach an The rules that I find most difficult to follow are:

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

will remind us to keep to the rules today!

agreement calmly individuals interrupting learn politely saying shouting speak

2 LISTENING ACTIVELY AND

RESPONDING CONFIDENTLY

Phrases I can use in a discussion: Asking questions

Agreeing politely

Ask at least two questions to the others in your group during the discussion.

Disagreeing politely Three phrases I would like to use:

Tip

UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS

ORACY 2

3 ADAPTING THE VOLUME OF YOUR VOICE

m Ca

How I should behave during a class discussion

✓/✗

Become angry when someone disagrees with me.

Interrupt the person who is speaking.

Speak quickly.

Speak calmly and confidently.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Emphasise important words or ideas clearly.

Speak loudly when people don’t agree with me.

Use a wide range of intonation to sound interested. Speak very softly. Other (my own idea)

Tip

After the discussion

Maintain eye contact with people and even smile once in a while!

What things did I do well?

What things can I improve?

show Draw a face to how you feel.

I can … • agree to and use ground rules in a

SELF-EVALUATION discussion.

• listen actively and respond • •

constructively. control the tone and volume of my voice. help to reach agreement at the end.

UNIT 4 DRESS TO EXPRESS |

REVIEW 2 UNITS 3 & 4 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Complete the conversations with the correct form

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the

of the verb in brackets.

m Ca

A: Have you heard that the local authority 1 (make) the city centre a pedestrian zone? The plans were agreed yesterday.

B: Wow! But what 2

car drivers (do), then? Has anybody

thought of them?

A: Yes. They 3 (build) car parks on the outskirts of the city and put on a special bus service into the centre. I think it 4 (cut) down on air pollution and traffic noise.

sentences.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

A: Do you fancy coming shopping with me on Saturday afternoon? I 5 (look) for a present for my granny. It’s her seventieth birthday next month. B: Right! 6

(she/have) a big party?

A: I’m not sure, but I think we 7 (organise) a surprise party for her with the family. She loves surprises!

B: That’s a lovely idea, but knowing you, it 8 (be) difficult to keep it secret!

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text. HOME | ARTICLES | FAQs

Search...

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

nimal life on Earth started in water. Prehistoric fish evolved when their heads 1 and fur / tails became separate from their body. Then some fish grew legs, with feet and 2 claws / horns, and walked out of the water onto land. Today, lizards remind us of these. Birds evolved, according to one theory, from small dinosaurs that walked on two legs, and started living in trees. Dinosaurs’ skin was covered in 3 scales / shells, but over millions of years they developed 4 feathers / hooves to keep them warm, 5 wings / fins so they could fly, and then 6 beaks / paws evolved from their jaw bones so they could use them to help catch and eat their food.

Review 2

Here in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the conservation programme to protect the gorillas is going 1 more smoothly / the most smoothly now that a new approach has been agreed. The wildlife organisations which took this situation 2 more seriously / the most seriously have managed to raise money for the programme. We’re visiting local villages to ask people to work 3 more closely / the most closely with us to protect the gorillas. We can encourage this 4 better / the best by providing local people with cooking fuel so they won’t need to cut down trees in the park. We are already planting more trees for the villagers to use in a few years, but we need to act 5 faster / the fastest to protect the forest where the gorillas live now. Therefore, we are giving local people an alternative fuel so they can cook 6 more responsibly / the most responsibly. In this way we think we can solve the problem.

A lot of household waste / urban sprawl isn’t recycled, so it has to be put into global warming / landfill. There’s so much fossil fuels / water pollution in our rivers that it’s leading to overfishing / species loss. In countries like Colombia, Indonesia and Malaysia, governments have taken action to protect tropical rainforests and they have succeeded in reducing the rate of deforestation / global warming. Because of air pollution / overpopulation, there is an increased human demand for food and water, which leads to other environmental problems. Many coastal communities are in danger of disappearing under water because of deforestation / rising sea levels. Household waste / Fossil fuels, like oil and gas, formed naturally from the remains of plants and animals.

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

1 Complete the conversation with the words in the box.

In two cases both answers are correct.

When I was at primary school, my mum didn’t use / never use to let me choose my own shoes. Instead, she 2 used to / was used to choose me sensible, black, leather shoes for school. They were always the same, and after a while I 3 got used to / was used to wearing boring shoes, but I still 4 used to / was used to look in the shoe shop window and dream of wearing fashionable footwear. Of course, I 5 didn’t use to say / wasn’t used to saying anything to my mum. Then, just before I started secondary school, I saw some amazing, black and red trainers in the shop window. I told my mum about them and to my amazement, she gave me the money! I 6 used to / was used to her saying no, so I asked her why she’d agreed this time. She said I was old enough to buy my own clothes, and I should 7 be used to / get used to shopping on my own. That was three years ago, and now 8 I’m used to going / I usually go shopping with my friends. But I still can’t 9 be used to / get used to being able to buy any kind of shoes I want. 1

m Ca

brackets in the correct order.

2 3 4

A: I’m looking for a present for Chris. B: How about this 1

silk scarf, with lots of different tulips? It’s lovely and bright – I’d like it! A: For you, yes, but I don’t think it’s really Chris’s style. It’s too 2 ! She likes dark colours and more 3 patterns, like stripes. B: OK! Not that, then. What about a 4 top, for the hot summer? This 5 blue and white one is nice. A: Oh yes, it’s really 6 , and 100% organic cotton!

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2 Complete the sentences with the adjectives in 1

beautiful colourful flowery sleeveless striped traditional

I really like that hoodie. (cotton / purple / second-hand) Kate is wearing a dress. (beautiful / flowery / long / silk) Oh, look at those ankle boots! (brown / leather / pretty) This is a really sweatshirt. (fashionable / striped / black and grey) I can’t believe he spent £350 on those trainers! (designer / red / ugly)

3 Look back at your work in Units 3 and 4.

environmental issues describing animals adjective suffixes fashion 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that had the most new words for you. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you used most in class this month.

Review 2

will and going to comparative and superlative adverbs used to and be / get used to adjective order 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you feel most confident about. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 3 and 4.

If you want to find out what’s going to be 1 in fashion / unfashionable next season, study the shows of famous designers in Paris, Milan and New York. Most of us can’t afford to buy 2 accessories / designer clothing, though, so we rely on the high street chains to copy the 3 looks / dress up seen on the catwalk so that we can 4 follow fashion / go out of fashion. The problem with clothes, though, is that from one year to the next they become 5 unfashionable / wear out. So, if we don’t want our clothes to go 6 in fashion / out of fashion we need to go shopping again. But at least your clothes don’t have time to 7 dress up / wear out!

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE VOCABULARY

3 The words in bold are in the wrong place. Put them in the correct place and change the form if necessary.

FOOD AND HEALTH

A: Have you seen what Melanie eats?! She

m Ca

1 Complete the sentences with food and

does her good baked beans on toast. She eats it every day! B: That’s because she can’t cook! But she insists it’s a very 2 junk food meal. A: Well, I think it’s a very 3 balanced diet . I’m trying to eat a more 4 nutritious . It’s not easy, but I’m already 5 living on the amount of 6 poor diet I eat such as burgers and pizza. B: Really? Good for you! That’ll 7 cut down on . 1

health words and phrases.

If you eat a good variety of food groups, we call this a diet. 2 Fast food is often called food. 3 An amount of food for one person is a . 4 If your diet isn’t very good, we say it is . 5 When you only eat certain foods, we say you on them. 6 If you eat less of a food, you down on it. 7 Food grown with no harmful chemicals is . 8 If you eat a lot before a meal, you may your appetite. 9 If foods are beneficial, we say they you good. 10 If a food is made in a factory with lots of additives, it’s . 1

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2 Look at the pairs of phrases. Circle the one that’s better for your health. 1

a balanced diet / a poor diet

2 cut down on chocolate / live on

chocolate 3 junk food / organic food 4 food in season / processed food 5 food that does you good / food that spoils your appetite

STRETCH! Complete the text with one word in each gap.

When I tried to cut 1 on eating unhealthy food, it was hard, because I practically lived 2 ready meals from the supermarket. But there’s so much salt in 3 food like that. 4 Just one small , not even the whole meal, can contain the total recommended daily amount of salt. In fact, reading all the ingredients is enough to spoil your 5 anyway! It definitely wasn’t 6 the kind of food I knew I should eat. My problem is having no time to cook. I could eat more raw fruit and salads that are 7 season, but that really isn’t a(n) 8 diet either, is it?!

READING

1 Read the title and the article. For each teenager, decide if the change was because of a person or a situation.

Ollie

I wasn’t really bothered about food. I just ate what my parents served up, without thinking about it. Then, last year, we started cookery classes at school, and amazingly, I got into cooking. Understanding how all the different techniques work, and the order to add ingredients, is like applying chemistry. So, if you cook fast or slowly, for example, it can have a totally different effect. I experiment with combining different ingredients with herbs and spices to create flavours. Of course, I began to pay attention to the food I’m eating more, too. At weekends I sometimes go food shopping with my parents, and then I help do the cooking. 40

UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

This changed my attitude to food

Debra

m Ca

When I first left home to go to university, I was pretty useless at looking after myself. I’d never cooked a meal and didn’t know how to do it. As a result, I lived on ready meals which I heated up in the microwave, or ate far too many takeaways. A healthy balanced diet it definitely wasn’t! When I mentioned this to my cousin, he explained how he learned to cook. It’s easy, just go on the internet! If you watch videos of people cooking, they’ll tell you all the ingredients you need and you can copy the way they do things. It was brilliant advice! Watching videos, I found out how to prepare and cook all my favourite meals. I became quite a good cook and I love inviting friends over.

Tamara

There’s so much information about food available online nowadays: what’s a balanced diet, and the dangers of eating too much fat, salt, sugar, meat or junk food. Eventually, it’s hard to work out what’s true, and what you should eat! I used to watch cookery videos online and they would make me anxious, and my poor long-suffering parents never knew what to feed me. Then I met Martha. She laughed when I asked her one day why she was eating chocolate. Martha explained her food philosophy: you can eat a bit of anything, even if it’s not very healthy, but if you eat too much of something, even if it normally does you good, that’s bad. If you stop worrying and just eat a varied diet, you’ll be fine, Tamara! It made sense, so this is what I now do. What a relief!

Alain

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

I was a fussy eater when I was a kid. The list of things I wouldn’t eat was pretty long! I mostly lived on burgers and chips, but it didn’t bother me. When I was 15 I went on an exchange visit to France. My host family was large, with loads of people round the table to eat. They told me what the food was, and I think they asked what I wanted, but I didn’t understand so I just nodded. It all looked very different from my usual food, but there wasn’t anything else, so what choice did I have? I ate it, and, incredibly, everything tasted delicious! Now I love travelling, and trying local foods is always one of the highlights.

Paul

My best friend at primary school suffered from food allergies. He couldn’t eat eggs, gluten or dairy products like cheese. He had to bring his own lunch and snacks to school, and if someone brought a birthday cake, he couldn’t have any. He never seemed to mind, though. He admitted he didn’t really think about it because he was so used to it, but I felt sad on his behalf. Most of the food I loved, like pizza, he wasn’t allowed to eat. It made me realise how fortunate I was to be able to eat anything without worrying about the ingredients.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 7 more than once.

Which teenager did research into healthy food? had a very restricted diet? makes a surprising comparison about cooking? realised something by comparing themselves with someone else? found the situation at mealtimes wasn’t as bad as they feared?

1 2 3 4

2 Read the article again. For questions 1–10, choose from the teenagers (A–E). The teenagers may be chosen

suffered from their lack of practical skills? 6 7 tries out new ways to prepare food? has complete strangers to thank 8 for something? discovered a more relaxing point of view? 9 made preparing meals difficult for 10 family members?

5 UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

GRAMMAR

VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND OR TO + INFINITIVE

ZERO AND FIRST CONDITIONALS

3 Choose the correct answers to complete the

1 Put the words in the correct order to make

conditional sentences. Then decide if they are zero or first conditionals.

m Ca 1

2 Complete the conversations with the zero or first

conditional form of the verbs in brackets.

A: If you 1 I2 my way home.

(make) a shopping list, (go) to the supermarket on

B: Don’t go to the supermarket! If you 3 (shop) at the farmer’s market 4 instead, you (be) able to get organic food. It’s much better for you. A: I know, but when I 5 it always 6

(do) that, (cost) a lot more!

A: This cheese is delicious. Would you like some?

B: No thanks! I love cheese but it doesn’t like me. If I7 (eat) it, I 8 (feel) quite ill. A: If you 9 we 10 before we go out.

(not cook) dinner now, (not have) time to eat it

3 4 5 6

4 Complete the text with the correct form of the

| UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

be change collect do grow think t ransport t ry u se w alk

If you stop 1 about how to feed everyone in the future, it’s obvious we need 2 things differently. We must try 3 food that doesn’t require so much so many chemicals water, avoid 4 food in food production, and stop 5 thousands of miles across the world. That’s why I have moved to the new sustainable Re-gen village here in the Netherlands. I love 6 able to grow all my own food. The people who to a live here have managed 7 mostly plant-based diet. With some fish, and eggs from our own chickens, it’s more sustainable. We hope to become self-sufficient in our use of rainwater, and we water by 8 want to recycle our waste as fertiliser and animal food. There are no cars here, and people are or cycle, or catch encouraged 9 buses for longer journeys. Does this sound like the future? I hope so, and I really recommend 10 it. It will definitely help the environment and it’s also a lot healthier!

(feel) a lot healthier if (cut) down on eating so

verbs in the box.

A: I just feel so tired all the time.

I remember playing / to play with plastic food when I was little. She managed eating / to eat the fish, but she didn’t like it. On the way home, they stopped buying / to buy some sweets. We love going / to go to a restaurant at the weekend. Lunch is ready! Did you remember getting / to get the bread? A friend recommended trying / to try the spaghetti vongole.

B: Don’t worry! We’re having salad.

B: You 11 you 12 many sugary snacks.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

usually / If / food / is / has / too / it / much / salt / processed, will / I / I / if / learn / to / eat / cook / healthier food If / dessert / broccoli, / don’t / you / eat / won’t / have / any / you / your allergy, / someone / a / they / have to / food / be / has / careful / When he / ’ll / if / has / his / another / He / appetite / ice cream / spoil you / professional / You / a lot of / if / are / need / a / athlete / calories /

sentences. In one sentence, both answers are correct.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

ENGLISH PART 4

2 For questions 1–8, read the text below and

EXAM TIP Don’t forget to use the given word in your answer, without changing it in any way.

m Ca

5 For questions 1–6, complete the second sentence so

that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1

On the way home from the gym, Mo bought a pizza. STOPPED On the way home from the gym, a pizza. She has no memories of the visits to the farm when she was little. REMEMBER She the farm when she was little. Mary’s ambition is to play football professionally one day. HOPES Mary footballer one day. I wasn’t able to stop myself eating junk food. AVOID I junk food. Taking our raincoats was a waste of time. NEED We our raincoats. I’ll never forget eating in that restaurant. REMEMBER I’ll always in that restaurant.

decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

FOOD ‘FACTS’ The internet is 0 of information about food that is bad for us, but is it correct? Thirty years ago, fat was the 1 of a healthy diet. Suddenly, the shops were full of products which were 2 in fat or fat-free. However, people that these products often didn’t 3 . In fact, had a lot of added sugar 4 5 of a balanced fat is an essential certain diet, as it is the only source 6 important vitamins. Fat also helps 7 stop you feeling hungry. So, a diet lacking you to eat more. in fat will 8

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

OF ENGLISH PART 1

0 A crowded

B filled

C full

D packed

A answer C objection

B enemy D rival

2 A low C less

B little D few

3 A decide C realise

B debate D regard

4 A instead C indeed

B again D even

5 A reason C cause

B point D part

6 A with C in

B of D for

VOCABULARY

7 A for C in

B with D to

NUTRITION

8 A want C encourage

B avoid D stop

5 6

1 Complete the sentences in the food quiz using the words in the box.

products are high in calcium.

3 Almonds are

calcium.

4 Dark chocolate is 5 Most

vitamin C.

1 Red peppers are a good

dairy fat-free high in rich in source of whole

potassium.

products have more added sugar.

grains has about 6 Bread that contains the same calories as white bread.

UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

WRITING

2 Read the review again and make notes in the

table. Does the writer answer all the questions in Exercise 1?

A REVIEW did they do at the party?

Information about the place

You see this advert on the website of your local newspaper.

How they celebrated the birthday

m Ca

1 Read the task. Then read the review below. What

The food

We are looking for reviews of places to have birthday celebrations where you live. Your review should include information about the place, how you celebrated the birthday, and the food. Would you recommend going there to other teenagers?

Advice/Recommendations + where they are in the review

Reviews wanted. Local places to celebrate a birthday!

The best reviews will appear on our website.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

4 Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your review. Make notes for each paragraph.

Paragraph

PARAGRAPH 1: Information about the place

If you’re looking for a different kind of celebration, you’ll love Party Central. I went to a friend’s birthday there recently and I recommend trying it. We really enjoyed ourselves.

PARAGRAPH 2: What kind of celebration you had

Party Central is great for teenagers because you can choose from several different activities, as well as getting party food and a birthday cake. Party Central offers parties with bowling, karaoke or paint ball, and coming soon, an escape room.

UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

Look at your notes in Exercise 4. Can you use any of the phrases with gerunds from Exercise 3 in your review?

PARAGRAPH 4: Recommendations/ Advice

Party Central gets very busy, and personally I would avoid going at the weekend, as it’s really noisy! We went during the week, and it was a lot quieter. So, if you’re planning a celebration, don’t think twice about trying Party Central. I guarantee you won’t be disappointed!

PARAGRAPH 3: The food

My friend chose bowling! The price includes bowling shoes, and I suggest bringing some thick socks, as you shouldn’t count on getting the perfect size (mine were a bit big). Some of us had never bowled before, but a helpful attendant showed us what to do, which bowling ball was best, and how it all worked. Afterwards we ate a variety of different pizzas, all delicious, and then ice cream and cake.

review that use the gerund and give advice and recommendations.

I recommend trying it.

LANGUAGE FOCUS Underline phrases in the

SELF-EVALUATION

6 Read the task below. Write your answer in 140– 190 words.

Check your writing:

You see this advert on a website.

Content: Have you answered the question and included all the points? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you followed the paragraph plan? Language: Have you used gerunds correctly to give advice and recommendations?

Reviews wanted. Local places for special celebrations with family or friends.

m Ca

We are looking for reviews of places to have special celebrations where you live. Your review should include information about the place, how you celebrated, and the food. Would you recommend going there to other people?

The best reviews will appear on our website.

id ge

LISTENING

1 You are going to hear a man called Javier giving a

5.1 Listen to the presentation. What is Javier’s job? Does he mention any of your ideas from Exercise 1?

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

presentation about his job in catering. Look at the photos. What do you think he does? Where do you think he works?

TIP

Before you listen for the second time, read the sentences in Exercise 3. Can you remember any of the answers?

5.1 Listen to the presentation again and complete the sentences with one word in each gap. 1

4 5

The location of Javier’s work can be anywhere, but it is always on a set. Javier travels widely for his job and some of the locations are very , including jungles and deserts. His timetable usually involves starts and long days. Most of the food is prepared on set in a special van. Hot sandwiches are very popular in winter, when customers often have cold . As well as cooking and clearing up every day, Javier has to buy food for the following day. Among the reasons he gives for loving his job are the several of holiday he gets when filming is finished. Javier says that film catering is a great job for someone who is looking for an as well as varied work.

4 Why do you think Javier says he doesn’t have a

typical day in his job? Would Javier’s job appeal to you? Why? / Why not?

UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

| 45

THE FOOD CHOICES WE MAKE HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE PLANET, AS WELL AS OUR HEALTH.

m Ca

1 THINK I’m working with:

We can find out more about these issues from:

Issues related to poor food choices

2 PREPARE

Our ideas from Think are:

The issue we want to focus on is:

Food growers/producers/sellers

We can find out more about this issue and possible solutions from: My role is: Roles of other people in my group:

Tips for Prepare Day

Month

Make a note of who is doing what here

Plan who does what. Discuss these questions: – How do you feel about (doing) …? – Would you like to (do) …? – Could you focus on …?

| UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

I need to finish my research by:

mental health

Try to think of 2 or 3 issues per category. Don’t go into detail at this stage.

The environment

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Tips for Think

Individuals

CHALLENGE 3

3 DEVELOP Tips for Develop

m Ca

When deciding which solutions to present, think about the ones …

Solutions we have found

– you have the most information for.

We have decided to present the following solution(s):

– which are the most effective.

4 PRESENT

How we will present our ideas:

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

– you feel most strongly about.

After the presentation

The equipment we need for the presentation:

Questions / Feedback from the class:

computer phone photos projector recording other My role:

Things I did well:

Things I want to improve:

Tips for Present

SELF-EVALUATION

Draw a face to show how you feel.

Speak more slowly and clearly in your presentation than you normally do.

I can …

• identify issues about food choices and source possible solutions.

• actively participate in brainstorming to generate ideas. • work constructively in a group presentation. • engage an audience in a presentation. UNIT 5 FOOD FOR THE FUTURE

UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT? VOCABULARY

3 Complete the text with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.

PHRASAL VERBS AND TECHNOLOGY

m Ca

back up check in with go down log in print out scroll through set up

1 Match the verbs to the prepositions to make

HOME | FORUM | LOG IN I read about a couple who 1 the wrong boarding pass for their holiday. They 2 to the website, 3 their booking, and accidentally downloaded the boarding pass for the return flight. The airline 4 them by email the day before the flight, but because by then they were travelling, and they hadn’t 5 email on their phones, they didn’t realise. They had to pay over £100 at the airport for new boarding passes! These days travel is all digital, so you have to be careful. I always 6 passes and tickets in the cloud, and I also print a copy just in case the internet 7 .

Prepositions down in in with off out through up

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Verbs back check go log print scroll set shut start

phrasal verbs connected to technology. Some verbs go with more than one preposition.

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences. 1

UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

They say technology makes life easier, and most of the time it does, but not always. If a company’s IT systems check in 1 unexpectedly, everything stops and no one can do any work. Then, if customers try to set up 2 to that company’s website, it will tell them to try again later. The other day I went down 3 my laptop at the end of the day without logging in 4 all the websites I’d been on. The next morning, when I went online to log off 5 with my friends, I couldn’t shut down 6 the internet. It said there was a system error. Luckily, I have everything started up 7 on my phone, so I didn’t panic. Anyway, often the best solution is to turn it all off and then turn it on again!

STRETCH! The words in bold are in the wrong place. Write the words in the correct gaps. Change the form if necessary.

Yesterday I left my room without going down / shutting down my computer and when I came back my little brother was logging in / scrolling through my social media posts! I went to a concert last week. I hadn’t printed out / set up the ticket, but I had it saved on my phone in two different places in case the internet logged off / went down! I tried to check in with / start up with my class teacher online just now, but I couldn’t log in / scroll through. There was a problem with the learning platform. Have you backed up / shut down all the slides for our presentation tomorrow? We don’t want a disaster! My cousin has set up / printed out a new gaming app on her laptop, but now it takes ages to go down / start up. When you finish using the library computer, don’t forget to log off / check in with.

THE FUTURE

READING

OF GAMING

1 You are going to read a blog post about

technology. Before you read, answer these questions. Do you do any video gaming? 2 What do you like/dislike about video games? 3 Have you heard of VR gaming? How does it work? 1

m Ca

2 Read the blog post quickly. Is the blogger

enthusiastic about VR gaming? Explain your answer.

3 Read the blog post again and write answers

to the questions.

What do these numbers in the blog post refer to? a 210 billion b 2012 2 What two things does the blogger tell us about herself and gaming? 1

3 What does wearing a headset enable you

to do? 4

What was the problem with the first VR headsets? What does the blogger say VR games are like now? What prediction about VR gaming hasn’t come true yet? What do gaming experts think about VR gaming now?

4 Write a comment about the blog post. Give your own opinion about VR gaming. bold in the blog post.

4 5

This is really uncomfortable, and I’ve only had it on for ten minutes! This new computer software’s really . I learned how to do everything in an hour. This pizza is absolutely . I’ll never eat it all. Do you want some? OK, the present cost €32, and there are four of us, so your is €8. It’s easy to download the you need for developing phone apps.

So, is VR the future of gaming? Gaming analysts predicted that it would quickly represent the biggest share of the gaming market, but in fact, it’s still quite small. There could be several reasons why it hasn’t managed to become more popular. Perhaps people are happy with the games they already play. Headsets are still not always comfortable to wear for long periods. Or maybe it’s just that many gamers have never had the chance to try VR for themselves. Whatever it is, analysts are confident we will all be VR gaming soon! What do you think? Log in to the comments and tell me! 5

But have you tried virtual reality (VR) gaming – wearing a headset so you feel as though you are inside the game, interacting with its world? When VR gaming started in the 1990s, the headsets were large, heavy and very expensive, so most people couldn’t afford one. The first headsets you could wear comfortably appeared in 2012. The company that made them also provided tools and software so that games developers were able to create new games and applications specifically for VR. Other gaming companies joined in, and the technology developed quickly. Nowadays, the whole experience is more user-friendly, and players are able to scroll through varied VR games menus to find exciting, interactive games. There’s a global community for VR gaming, so you can check in with other players, too. You should try it!

Video gaming is a big part of many people’s lives, including mine. It’s now a huge industry, with a value of $210 billion a year worldwide. Maybe you have a gaming console, or log in to play online. You may have spent a lot of money on setting up your gaming station with a good graphics card, a powerful computer, and a gaming monitor, keyboard and mouse. I know I did!

5 Complete the sentences with the words in 1

Posted at 12.32pm

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

a b

Lisa_129

UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the text with the phrases in the box. are able to do can show can’t use could use couldn’t send managed to learn weren’t able to learn will be able to learn

MODALS OF ABILITY 1 Choose the correct answers to complete

the messages. Sometimes both answers are correct. Jo

m Ca

Online

Hi, Jo. 1 Were you able / Did you manage to finish your research yesterday?

Hi, Laia. No, I 2 couldn’t / wasn’t able finish it all! I 3 could / managed to do most of it, though. Will you be able to / Can you finish it soon? We have English again on Tuesday. 4

2 Rewrite each sentence so that it has the

same meaning. Use the word(s) in brackets. 1

Samir can develop games apps for smartphones. (able) I was able to get a new battery for my phone. (manage) We can come to the party on Saturday. (will/able) His parents couldn’t buy him a new phone. (able) Francesca was able to use a tablet when she was two. (could) I’m not able to back up the coursework. (can) They weren’t able to print out the tickets. (manage)

UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

OF ENGLISH PART 2

EXAM TIP

Remember that contractions count as two words, not one, so you cannot use them to fill the gaps.

4 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

When I started preparing for my first 10k race, I was to keen 0 to invest in a running watch so I 1 monitor my training. I did some research on various websites in 2 to find a suitable one. Although there are watches with a wide range of different features, a beginner runner 3 me would never need most of them. In the end, I went to a specialist shop and explained 4 I wanted: a watch with a display that I would be 5 to see on a sunny day, and basic features 6 as time, speed and distance. I didn’t need a long battery life, either, and 7 it was possible to buy a fairly cheap one. When I got home, I tried to set up the watch, but I couldn’t understand the instructions. However, I 8 to find an online video guide that helped me do everything quite easily. Now I can keep track of everything!

Gemma wasn’t able to download the video. (could)

anything at school because there were no PCs or internet then. But younger people sometimes need help, too. Technology changes fast, and maybe a software program on a PC five you 3 how or ten years ago but haven’t 4 to use the newest version on a fast laptop. Volunteers someone exactly what like my mum 5 they need to do, then let them practise until they 6 it themselves. She’s very patient, and the basics she says that most people 7 an email pretty quickly. People who 8 or set up a social media account just days before soon become confident online users.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Well, I 5 can’t / won’t be able to do it today because we’re going out. I 6 could / managed to do it tomorrow, though.

My mum gives lessons to people who 1 a computer. Some of the people she helps

ADVERBS OF DEGREE 5 Complete the adverbs of degree with one letter in each gap. 1 2 3 4

y y

7 r 9 a

y y r

8 s

m Ca

p r q f v e

g s

u d

11 c

1 2

10 i

STRETCH! Read the sentences and find mistakes in four of them. Correct the mistakes.

y y y

3 4

6 Complete the table with the adverbs of degree in

Exercise 5.

Make adjectives and adverbs stronger

Make adjectives and adverbs weaker

7 Choose the correct answers to complete the 1

3 4 5 6

Camilla was extremely / quite pleased when she got the job. It was a dream come true. The library computers start up rather / completely slowly, so put one on a couple of minutes before you need to use it. It’s somewhat / very cooler than yesterday, but it’s still too hot! This gaming computer is incredibly / rather fast compared to mine. It must be really powerful. That video game is fairly / really exciting, but this one is incredibly good. I was slightly / really annoyed when Alexi broke my phone screen and didn’t even apologise.

VOCABULARY NEGATIVE PREFIXES

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

sentences.

We had a problem with the Wi-Fi yesterday, but I could fix it by resetting the router. When Carolina heard a noise downstairs, she was absolutely terrified, but it was just the cat. Could they manage to repair the damage? Were you able print out everything for the presentation? I was disappointed rather when I didn’t pass the exam. I’d worked extremely hard for months and felt really confident. I’m very sorry I won’t be able to attend the meeting next week, as I will be away.

1 Read the words and find the mistakes with

prefixes. Rewrite the words with the correct negative prefixes. 1

3 disdependent 4 irlogical

5 unregular

6 incomfortable

2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box and the correct negative prefixes. connected correct l egible polite r esponsible s ustainable

8 Complete the conversation with the phrases in the box. extremely unlikely incredibly quickly fairly difficult quite possible really worried pretty dramatic

A: I listened to a podcast about artificial intelligence

2 3

UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

Because he uses his laptop to write most of the time, Jaime’s handwriting is . Just because I lost my phone once doesn’t mean I’m completely . Gemma couldn’t call the new student about the project because she’d put the number in her phone. The amount of up-to-date technology people buy is totally .We have to stop upgrading so often. My granddad remembers a world without the internet, but I can’t imagine being from modern communications networks and search engines! I don’t like using that shop because the assistants are all really .

last night. Now I’m 1 about the world being taken over by machines. B: What? Don’t you think that’s a 2 way of looking at things? In my opinion that’s 3 . So, stop worrying! We don’t live in a science-fiction film! But apparently, it’s 4 that AI will affect the kind of jobs people will do in the future. A: The problem is, the technology is developing 5 and most people don’t really understand what’s happening, so it’s hard to know what to believe. B: That’s true. We definitely need more legal restrictions, although it’s 6 to imagine what difference they will make to our everyday lives.

imagree

2 ilmature

WRITING

2 Read the story again. Has the writer remembered

to include both points from the exam task? What was the request? What was the piece of luck?

A STORY

1 Look at the task. Then read the story below quickly. Where was Andy’s jacket?

m Ca

You see this announcement in an Englishlanguage magazine for teenagers.

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read this sentence from the story and answer the questions.

Unfortunately, it contained his wallet – with his bank card – and his phone.

Stories Wanted! Write a short story for our magazine. The best story will win a book voucher!

What adverb does the writer use in the sentence?

2 What do you notice about the position of the adverb? What punctuation is used?

The story must begin with this sentence: When Andy realised he didn’t have his jacket, he decided to get off the train at the next station.

Your story must include:

4 Find three other adverbs which are used in the same way in the story.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

• a request • a piece of luck

EXAM TIP

When Andy realised he didn’t have his jacket, he decided to get off the train at the next station.

He was on the first train of the day from Winchester to London to visit his grandparents. It was early and he felt extremely sleepy, so he hadn’t noticed his jacket had disappeared. Unfortunately, it contained his wallet – with his bank card – and his phone. Andy thought it had been stolen. He didn’t know what to do, or who he could contact. All the numbers were in his phone anyway.

You can use the exam task to ask yourself questions to help plan your story. When planning, you can think of more than one answer to each question, then choose the best ideas. This will help you create your story.

5 Read the task in Exercise 7 and plan your story.

Make notes of your ideas. Then choose the best ideas for your story and try to think of a good ending. What message was Gemma expecting?

Andy got off the train at the next station. The platform was deserted, so he went to find the ticket office. Luckily, an employee was just unlocking it and she listened as Andy explained the situation. Immediately, she offered to phone Lost Property about his jacket. However, Andy asked if he could check in with his parents first.

UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

What was the suggestion?

Who made the suggestion? How does the story end?

Look back at your notes in Exercise 5. Which adverbs could you use to write about these ideas?

What was the good news?

Andy felt pretty lucky because he got his jacket back, although he didn’t get to London that day!

Why did Gemma go and see Alex?

When Andy phoned home, his parents told him that the staff at Winchester station had found his jacket on the platform and rung them on the emergency number he’d set up. Obviously, Andy’s parents had been extremely relieved to hear his voice because they had had no idea where he was.

Who is Alex?

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

7 Using your notes, write your story in 140–190 words. You see this announcement in an English-language magazine for teenagers. Stories Wanted! Write a short story for our magazine. The best story will win a book voucher!

m Ca

The story must begin with this sentence:

Gemma looked at her phone again, but there were still no messages. She decided to go and see Alex. Your story must include:

• some good news

• a suggestion

ge U

LISTENING benefit them?

EXAM TIP The seven questions you have to answer usually correspond to the number of questions and responses you hear in the interview.

6.1 You will hear an interview with a man called Ivan Katz, who composes music for video games. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 5 Ivan explains that the difference between

composing film and game music is that A a film composer starts work when the film is completely finished. B a video game composer has to play the game before they start composing. C a composer of game music is involved from the creation of the game. 6 What does Ivan say about the process of writing game music? A He writes samples to help the developers decide on different aspects of the game. B The samples he writes come after the planning of the game. C It’s a fairly quick process to write and edit the samples he writes. 7 What does Ivan say is the most difficult thing for him when composing for games? A He has to try and imagine how players will navigate through the game. B Good players need very different music from slow players. C A player’s ability affects what music will play in the game and when it stops.

Why does Ivan say he didn’t compose music for video games at the start of his career? A He wasn’t aware of what kind of music it was. B He was working a lot in Hollywood and so didn’t have time. C He was totally focused on writing music for television. 2 How did Ivan begin writing music for video games? A He contacted someone in a gaming company. B A man representing an orchestra asked him to do some work. C An agent told him that it would allow him to fulfil an ambition. 3 Ivan learned from composing on his first gaming project that A he preferred writing music for films. B writing that kind of music wasn’t as easy as he had imagined. C conducting a full orchestra was very complicated. 4 Ivan says the music for films and games is similar because A it’s not something the person watching or playing is aware of. B it’s usually very dramatic. C it uses the same instruments and musical styles. 1

Content: Have you included the points in the writing task? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you explained the events of the story clearly? Language: Have you used narrative tenses and adverbs correctly?

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 4

Check your writing:

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

1 What do you think of the music in video games? Does it

SELF-EVALUATION

Do you think composing game music or film music would be more interesting? Why? UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

BEING PERSUASIVE

1 USING APPROPRIATE GESTURES AND BODY LANGUAGE WHEN SPEAKING TO OTHERS

m Ca

Body language that is appropriate when speaking to others: arms: crossed arms ✓ / ✗ body: leaning in ✓ / ✗ eyes: making eye contact ✓ / ✗ face: looking annoyed ✓ / ✗ hand: open hand gestures ✓ / ✗ head: nodding your head ✓ / ✗ mouth: biting your lip ✓ / ✗ looking down/away ✓ / ✗ smiling ✓ / ✗ tapping your fingers ✓ / ✗

The positive body language I find easiest to do is

. The positive body language I find hardest to do is . The negative body language I find easiest not to . do is The negative body language I find hardest not to . do is I can improve my use of gestures and body . language by

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Tip

Try practising the body language you ticked when you’re speaking your first language!

2 USING VOCABULARY AND PHRASES TO PERSUADE OTHERS

What kind of vocabulary and phrases should I use to persuade others? polite

logical

Our group came up with these effective phrases we can use to persuade others:

Choose two phrases from your list that you like and practise them now so you can use them in a discussion. Record yourself or practise in front of a mirror. 54

| UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

Tip

3 USING EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT

ORACY 3

AN ARGUMENT

m Ca

Phrases I can use to introduce evidence g to … h s s that … e… v y r ul s s

w that …

A R F r e The s

addictive. addictive. addictive. addictive. addictive.

Phones can be Phones can be Phones can be Phones can be Phones can be

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Using adverbs to make arguments more persuasive

sentence Complete the t adverb with a differen each time.

Tip

After the discussion

Don’t forget your body language too, like leaning in or sitting up straight!

How persuasive was I / were my group members?

What things can I / we improve?

SELF-EVALUATION

• •

show Draw a face to how you feel.

•

UNIT 6 WHAT’S NEXT?

•

language when speaking to others. use vocabulary and phrases effectively to persuade others. control the tone and volume of my voice. confidently use evidence to support an argument. try to persuade others to see my point of view.

• use appropriate gestures and body

I can …

| 55

REVIEW 3 UNITS 5 & 6 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Complete the conversation with the zero or first

1 Complete the text with the words and phrases in

A: When Mum 1 (make) dinner for us every night after work, she 2 (not have) any time for herself. And she does it almost every night! So, I’ve got an idea. If you and I 3 (take) turns to cook dinner every week, it 4 (make) things easier for her. What do you think?

balanced diet cut down on do them good junk food nutritious processed food season spoil my appetite

conditional form of the verbs in brackets.

m Ca

B: That’s a good idea. But when I (cook), the food 6 (not be) very good. I’m not a great cook. What can I do to get better? 5

2 Complete the email using the gerund or to + infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. Inbox

Hi Dani!

limate experts say we need to 1 some of the foods we , eat a lot, like meat and 2 which is often mass-produced in factories. However, some of the things they suggest we , eat in order to maintain a 3 like insects and seaweed, I can’t imagine eating. Food cooked with worms or crickets . The food would definitely 4 , but what does might be 5 it taste like? Still, it’s also true that eating organic fruit and vegetables that are in 6 has become too expensive for many people. And the problem with telling is that people to avoid 7 it’s often the cheapest option. They know it , but it’s all they doesn’t 8 have the money to buy.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

A: Well, I’m not that good at cooking either. Maybe if we 7 (watch) some cookery videos online, we 8 (learn) how to cook properly.

the box.

4 Messages

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the conversation.

A: This strawberry yogurt looks good. The label

says it’s 1 added / high in protein and 2 low in / dairy fat. B: OK, read the ingredients. Does it surprise you? A: Wow! The second ingredient, after milk but before water and strawberries, is sugar! B: Right. Low-fat and 3 fat-free / rich in products often have a lot of 4 added / low in sugar. It’s crazy. A: So, what shall we buy? B: Well, plain yogurt made with 5 whole / source milk is the healthiest, because it’s 6 rich in calcium / calcium-free and a good 7 source of / high in fat-soluble vitamins. A: But it tastes horrible! B: Well, you need to eat more 8 dairy / whole. This Greek-style yogurt tastes good, and we can buy some strawberries to put in it.

Review 3

I’m very busy but I’ve finally managed 1 (find) time to tell you my news! (tell) you Do you remember me 2 that I entered a recipe competition? Well, because (make) cakes, I sent in a l enjoy 3 recipe for a special spice cake. I created a recipe (use) nuts, wheat, which avoids 4 eggs or dairy so that people with those allergies (win) can eat it. I didn’t expect 5 but I did, and the prize is a cookery course with a famous chef! As I hope 6 (become) a chef myself one day, it’s really (work) exciting! In fact, I’d like 7 in one of his restaurants one day. If I do well on the cookery competition, maybe he’ll consider 8 (give) me the opportunity!!

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Complete the text with the phrases in the box.

1 Complete the text with the phrasal verbs in the box.

m Ca

are able to look can do can’t imagine couldn’t do have been able to make haven’t managed to develop managed to perform will be able to develop

These days robots 1 some amazing things. Of course, they 2 parts in factories for decades, but nowadays hospital surgeons use robotic arms for delicate operations that they 3 before, and robots have been developed that have 4 surgery without a human being present, but so far only on animals, not humans. Robots with cameras 5 for criminals or check for danger, which has already saved many lives. Although engineers 6 a robot teacher yet, they say they 7 one 8 within the next twenty years. I what that would be like, though.

1 2 3 4

5 6

I never 1

my laptop completely at night. I often just any of the close the lid, without 2 websites I’ve been using. That way, I don’t have to 3 to everything all over again when everything in I4 the morning: I just have to open the lid again. Even while I’ve been if the internet 5 asleep, my browser remembers the webpages that were open and gets them back for me.

2 Complete the text with the negative form of the

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences.

has gone down log in logging off shut / down start / up

I was extremely / slightly surprised to see Nico. I thought he’d moved to Australia! It gets fairly / very cold in Finland in the winter, as low as –45 °C. My dad’s laptop is really / slightly heavy. I don’t know how he carries it around! That gaming console is completely / quite good value for money, but it’s definitely not as good as some of the others we have in the shop. The software was absolutely / rather difficult to get used to at first, but I really like it now. The exhibition was absolutely / slightly fascinating. I didn’t want to leave!

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 5 and 6.

food and health nutrition phrasal verbs and technology negative prefixes 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that you enjoyed learning about the most. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you think you will use most in future.

Review 3

zero and first conditionals verbs followed by gerund or to + infinitive modals of ability adverbs of degree 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you have improved the most in. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

The number of people who are tricked by fake websites (comfortable) reading. Many is 1 scammers set up sites using well-known companies’ (legal), brand names, even though it’s 2 but if you look carefully, it’s not 3 (possible) to identify scam websites. This is worth taking time over, because if you are scammed, you’re extremely 4 (likely) to get your money back. On a fake website, the company’s contact details are often (complete) and you might missing or 5 (regular) notice lots of mistakes and 6 spellings. The most important thing to check is whether (correct) when the domain name is 7 compared with the official website. Finally, check how long the website has been active for. Fake websites often (appear) suddenly, so a appear and 8 fake website won’t have been active for very long.

3 Look back at your work in Units 5 and 6.

A guide to recognising a scam website

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

words in brackets.

UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE VOCABULARY

3 Complete the text with the words in the box. activity holiday beach holidays camping holiday city break ecotourism package holiday staycation

HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL

m Ca

1 Complete the holiday and travel words by adding vowels. 1

bckpckng

When I was little, my family used to go on 1 to the east coast. Us kids would play in the sea and build sandcastles all day. Now we’re teenagers, we all want to do something different. My . sport-mad sister wants to have a(n) 2 My brother, who calls himself an environmental activist, . His idea is a 4 , is into 3 going on public transport and carrying the tent and equipment! My parents just want to relax, so to Turkey, with they suggested a 5 everything organised for us. My ideal holiday is a(n) 6 because I love sightseeing and culture. So, I’m not sure what we will do this year. Maybe a family holiday away is impossible, and we should have a(n) 7 at home together for a week!

2 ctvty hldy 3 gp yr

4 pckg hldy 5 cty brk 7 ctrsm

6 mn-brk

10 dvntr hldy

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

9 wkng hldy

8 styctn

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences. 1

Last year Marcel went in an adventure holiday in the mountains. This summer he’s hoping to go to backpacking with some friends. They were planning to go at a camping holiday, but managed to get cheap train passes, so they’ve decided to travel with European cities for a month.

| UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE

STRETCH! Read the texts and find eight mistakes with prepositions. Correct the mistakes.

If we’re going on a camping / package holiday this year, we need a new tent! We decided not to go away for our holiday this year. We’re having a gap year / staycation instead. I love swimming in the sea and surfing, so I prefer a beach / working holiday to a city / minibreak. Between school and university, I wanted to take a gap year / package holiday and go backpacking / ecotourism around Europe. Unfortunately, I don’t have enough money, so I’m planning a(n) adventure / working holiday picking fruit in France. I’m a big fan of ecotourism / staycations, so I’d love to go to Costa Rica, stay in the jungle and volunteer for a conservation programme. My grandparents prefer to go on a short activity holiday / mini-break every couple of months rather than have one long holiday.

The best way to practise ecotourism is to have on a staycation. You protect the environment by not flying to abroad, and you obviously benefit the local community. Why not stay on a small hotel in your hometown and go for local sights that you don’t usually have time to visit?

READING 1 You are going to read a blog post about taking a working holiday in your gap year. What do you think the biggest worries would be for young people planning a gap year?

2 Read the blog post. What does it say about the question in Exercise 1? What does it suggest people do on their gap year?

m Ca

A Gap Year Down Under

Lots of young people would like to take a gap year after leaving school, but gap years can be expensive, and people in this situation often worry about how much money they’ll need or if the money they have will last. 1 These two destinations offer a special working holiday visa to tourists between the ages of 18 and 30. This visa allows you to live and work anywhere in the country for up to a year and is an ideal way to afford your gap year.

POSTS |

COMMENTS

| LOG IN

that the salary isn’t fantastic, and the shifts are often long. If you’ve had enough of city life and want to see the countryside, there are opportunities there, too. Tour work, which mainly involves working on activity or adventure holidays, is one good option. You may need a driving licence or more specialist qualifications, for example Another benefit in scuba diving or first aid. 5 is that these posts are usually in great locations and can be a lot of fun if you’re also prepared for working long, hard days. What’s more, you can often do the activities for free on your days off!

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Every year thousands of young people take advantage of such a scheme. Getting a working holiday visa means you can get paid work for up to six months, although no one expects you to work all the time. The scheme recognises that you’re a tourist first, and a worker second. 2

HOME

When you arrive, you need to have some spending money to start with – no one finds employment on their first day – and you must also have either a ticket or the money for the air fare to leave when your year is up. 3 So, what kind of posts are we talking about? Some bosses don’t want backpackers, as they are looking for more permanent staff, but there are still a wide variety of casual jobs Most employers on offer. 4 are happy to give you a job for a few weeks or months, and don’t expect you to stay forever. The only problem with this kind of work is

The final type of employment is known as regional work. This is farm work that involves manual labour like picking fruit, looking after sheep or cows or planting crops. It’s by far the most arduous work backpackers do, with very long hours, and is usually badly paid, although there may be free meals and accommodation in remote areas. 6 The reason is that if you work for 88 days in total (not necessarily all at once), you can apply for a visa to stay a second year. However, if your gap year is just that, because you’re going back home to study or start a career, regional work is probably something to avoid.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 6

A–G the one which fits each gap (1–6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. A In cities, they range from working in

D That’s why the working holiday scheme in

backpackers’ hostels to shopwork or working in coffee shops or restaurants. B It’s basically an official way to finance a backpacking holiday, but also gives you the opportunity to immerse yourself in a different culture. C If you have a working holiday visa, you’ll hear people talk about regional work.

Australia and New Zealand is such a good idea. E So it’s hard to imagine why backpackers want to do it. F However, it’s also possible to learn new skills, build on the experience you already have and even get a certificate while you’re working. G But apart from that, it’s up to you to decide where you go, how many of the six months you work, and when. UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE

3 Read the blog post again. Six sentences have been removed from the blog post. Choose from the sentences

GRAMMAR

3 Join the sentences using a relative pronoun and a

DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES 1 Choose the correct answers to complete the

sentences. In one sentence both answers are correct.

m Ca 1

2 Complete the text with relative pronouns.

CROATIA

Our multi-activity island holiday, 1 starts and finishes in Dubrovnik, has everything you need for an adventure. The tour guides 2 look after you are all experienced and speak excellent English. We guarantee you’ll you’ll love the small family hotel 3 stay for the first two nights. This is also where you’ll is included in the have breakfast, 4 price. A picnic lunch is provided. For dinner, we can you recommend local restaurants 5 can try typical Croatian food.

4 Choose the correct answers to complete the text. As well as / Also working in a coffee shop, Paula was an artist. The problem was she hadn’t sold many paintings, 2 although / however she was a good painter. 3 Also, / As well as she had a very original style. All she needed was for people to see it. 4 However, / Moreover, she didn’t have a place to show her paintings. So, she asked the owner of the coffee shop if she could put some paintings on the walls there. 5 Whereas / As well as Paula was very hopeful, the owner wasn’t so sure, but she said Paula could try it. The customers liked her paintings. 6 Furthermore, / While she actually sold one in the first week. 7 In addition, / Whereas the man who bought it said his friend had an art gallery nearby. 8 While / However he couldn’t make any promises, he told Paula he would ask his friend to come and have a coffee and look at the art. Fingers crossed! 1

UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE

CONJUNCTIONS: ADDITION AND CONTRAST

That ice cream place is the best in town. It has lots of different flavours. I think that’s the hostel. My friends stayed there last year. Jenni helped me learn to paddleboard. She’s in my class. Our tent is really easy to put up. We bought it last year. I think that’s the boy. He came to the beach with Mike yesterday.

On the first day, we’ll take you on a bike ride, will give you the chance to explore the area. Then enjoy kayaking and sailing are with our local instructors, 7 used to helping beginners, so don’t worry if that’s you. Next, we board a boat to tour the islands. One of the highlights is a trip to an island 8 there are no cars, to do a day’s hiking. We hope you’ll agree that the peace and calm 9 can be found there is amazing. 6

This is the holiday. I told you about it.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

I’d like to stay at one of those campsites where / that they have wooden bungalows. The adventure holiday, where / which involved trekking and climbing, was a bit scary! The tour guide that / who showed us around knew a lot about the history of the city. The first people we met, which / who had been there before, gave us a lot of good advice. Everyone loved the hotel, where / which was right in the city centre. Sadly, I couldn’t find the place where / that I’d eaten such delicious food the day before. My friend Elena, that / who went on an activity holiday, broke her arm on the second day. We went back to the restaurant where / which we had been to on the first day, but it was full.

relative clause.

5 Rewrite the sentences using the words / phrases in brackets. Write one or two sentences. 1

I’m going to book the holiday. I need to check the dates first. (however)

m Ca

Tourists spend a lot of money. Tourists increase prices for local people. (while) They are buying souvenirs. They are buying postcards. (as well as) Amir was very nervous. Amir enjoyed the helicopter ride. (although) The excursion was boring. The tour guide was very unfriendly. (in addition) We weren’t sure we could afford it. Rosa said she didn’t want to go. (moreover) The holiday was expensive. The holiday was worth it. (though)

COLLOCATIONS WITH TRAVEL, TRIP AND JOURNEY 1 Put the words in the box into the correct circle. Indicate whether journey, travel or trip comes before or after the words in the circle.

agent arrangements boat brochures business camping day foreign guided overnight rail return

VOCABULARY

JOURNEY TRAVEL

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

TRIP

STRETCH! Complete the text with one word in each gap.

A: Hi, Kedi. How was your 1 tent OK?

? Was your new

B: Yes, it was great. We camped on the coast and on Saturday we went on a 2 and saw some dolphins and seals. How was your weekend?

A: Nice and quiet! You know I went on that 3 with my boss last week? Well, after working non-stop, we left Argentina on Thursday evening for the 4 back to London. I didn’t sleep at all on the plane, so all I did this weekend was sleep! A: I love 5 to driving.

. Trains are so relaxing compared

B: Yes. If I’m taking a 6 to the beach on a Sunday, I always catch the train. No traffic jams or problems parking and it’s eco-friendly, too!

A: True, although if you catch a late train for the 7 home, it can be very crowded. A: Did you go to the 8

to get some for holidays in Greece that we can look at? We need to make a reservation soon.

Ken was in a hurry as usual, and 1 addition, he was feeling stressed because he had to catch the ferry back home. First, he paid his bill at the campsite reception, 2 was very busy. Then he went to the cafe, 3 he got a quick coffee. 4 , when he paid for it, he dropped his passport, 5 was in his pocket, and didn’t realise. Luckily, the waiter 6 had served him found it under a table. He took it to the receptionist, 7 knew Ken had just left the campsite, so she phoned his mobile. The receptionist told him that, as 8 as losing his passport, he had left a suitcase in reception.

2 Complete the conversations with words from Exercise 1.

B: No, we don’t need any of that. We can make all the 10 ourselves! I’ve found some great offers online for flights and accommodation. Honestly, organising 11 is so much easier these days when you can do everything online!

UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE | 61

WRITING

2 Read the review again and make notes in the table. Does the writer answer all the questions in the task?

A REVIEW 1 Read the task. Then read the review below. What

What the activity was

kind of place did they visit?

How to get there

You see this announcement on the website of an English-language magazine.

m Ca

Information about the place / activities

REVIEWS WANTED

Why they recommend it

Staycation activities

We are planning a special feature about things to do on a staycation in your area. We’d like you to tell us about an activity you have done. Write a review of the activity, describing what you did, what type of place you did it in and how you can get there. Would you recommend this activity to other people your age?

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the review again and

complete the notes.

Which of these sentences does the writer use in the review? Why do you think they do this?

Here’s a good activity for a staycation.

2 Here’s a fantastic activity for a staycation.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

The best reviews will be published on our website.

Other extreme adjectives in the review which mean: very good (x3) 1 2

very big 4

People do exciting things away on holiday, like boat trips or visiting amusement parks. However, here’s a fantastic activity for a staycation. This summer we went to a brilliant outdoor adventure park that a friend recommended. We went by train (the rail journey takes 40 minutes from Central Station) and a park minibus picked us up.

UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE

4 Read the task in exercise 6 and plan your review. Make notes for each paragraph. PARAGRAPH 1: Introduction + What the day trip was PARAGRAPH 2: How to get there

PARAGRAPH 3: Information about the place / activities

PARAGRAPH 4: Why you recommend it

Look at your notes in the table. Can you use any extreme adjectives to describe your ideas? Add them to your notes.

Two adverbs used with an extreme adjective in the review:

NatureParks is absolutely amazing. I highly recommend it. The circuits were challenging and fun, the ziplines were thrilling, and I felt a sense of achievement. If you think heights are terrifying, try horse riding or laser combat instead. There’s even football golf!

very scary 6

There are loads of activities. We decided to try the tree circuits. NatureParks has 800 metres of ziplines (totally awesome!), as well as bridges, cables and climbing nets, which enable you to go from tree to tree without touching the ground. We had to wear helmets and a climbing harness, so that if we did slip, we wouldn’t fall very far. There were several instructors, who encouraged us, and I always felt safe. The park is enormous, so later we explored, as well as enjoying a picnic lunch.

very exciting 5

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 1

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

6 Read the exam task below. Write your review in 140–190 words.

You see this announcement on the website of an English-language magazine.

7.1 You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1–8, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1

m Ca

REVIEWS WANTED

Day trips

We are planning a special feature about places to go on a day trip in your area. We’d like you to tell us about a trip you have been on. Write a review of the place, describing what type of place it is, how you can get there and what you did. Would you recommend this day trip to other people your age?

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

The best reviews will be published on our website.

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing:

Content: Have you answered the question and included all the points? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly so that the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you followed the paragraph plan? Language: Have you used extreme adjectives correctly?

LISTENING

You hear a woman talking about a staycation. What does she say about it? A It worked well because they organised everything together. B The local area had more places to visit than she expected. C They ate at restaurants they had previously been to at weekends. You hear a telephone call. How is the girl feeling? A worried about the situation B tired from all the waiting C pleased about the evening ahead You hear a park ranger talking. What is he explaining? A how to ask for a wilderness permit B the most important rules when camping C where to throw away your trash when you’re in the park You hear a woman talking about a holiday she had when she was young. What is her opinion about holidays then? A Greece was the best place for backpackers. B Arranging holidays was hard because there was no internet. C She appreciated being able to decide things as she went along. You hear two friends talking about the girl’s holiday job. What is the boy’s opinion of it? A He thinks her holiday job sounds boring. B He thinks the working conditions sound good. C He is pleased he isn’t working there. You hear part of a talk. What is the purpose of the talk? A to compare different kinds of transport B to prepare people to take a boating holiday C to encourage people to consider taking a boating holiday You hear two teenagers talking about their dream holiday. What do they agree on? A They don’t like campsites. B They would go somewhere by the sea. C They wouldn’t enjoy going together. You hear a man talking about a trip he went on. What sort of trip was it? A his first holiday abroad B a driving holiday along the coast of Portugal C a language exchange to practise his Spanish

Exercise 2 and underline the key words.

EXAM TIP 8

After you hear the introduction to each extract in the exam, you have enough time to read the question and the three possible answers carefully. Underline the key words. You don’t need to rush. Don’t forget, you also hear each extract twice.

1 Read the questions in the exam task in

3 Have you been in any of the situations in the extracts, for example, an airport delay? Explain what happened.

UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE |

TRAVEL AND TOURISM CAN HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON PLACES.

1 THINK m Ca

Issues related to travel and tourism

My partner is:

waste

overcrowding

pollution

cultural traditions

Tips for Think

When travelling, I have noticed these negative effects of tourism:

People in my group:

I can find out more about these issues and possible solutions from:

Ways tourists can be more responsible:

2 PREPARE

transport

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

If you haven’t done much travelling, think about where you live and what you’ve read or seen.

language

Possible causes of this issue

Possible consequences of this issue

The issue we will research is:

This results in … As a consequence, … This means that …

Tips for Prepare Decide who will research what. Make sure you know when you need to finish your research.

| UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE

The reason for this is … The source of the problem is … This causes a problem because …

Talking about consequences

Talking about causes

Look at the places you found for more information and add notes to the table.

CHALLENGE 4

3 DEVELOP

The solution(s) we want to present are:

Possible solutions for the issues our group researched:

m Ca

The causes and consequences I’ve researched are:

ge poster

slides

4 PRESENT

What is my role? What are the roles of other people in my group?

Tips for Present

Are there any roles you haven’t done yet in a presentation, but you’d like to? Now is the time to mention this!

After the presentation

Questions / Feedback from the class:

Things I did well:

Things I want to improve:

identify issues related to travel and tourism. actively participate in brainstorming to generate ideas. assess and prioritise issues, causes, consequences and solutions. work constructively in a group presentation. engage an audience in a presentation.

I can …

SELF-EVALUATION

Before you start, make sure you have rehearsed your presentation at least once. Then check that any equipment you need is working and your notes are ready.

• • • • •

Tips for Develop

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U podcast

For our presentation we will use:

show Draw a face to how you feel.

UNIT 7 HOLIDAY MODE

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL VOCABULARY

COMPETITION AND CHALLENGE

m Ca

1 Match 1–8 to a–h to form sports collocations. 1

7 8

c a healthy lifestyle d first/second/last

by for (x2) from in (x2) to (x2) 1 2

e a team

a challenge g a competition h your life f

b hard

prepositions in the box. Look at sentences 4 and 5. What do you notice about the verb form after the preposition?

a an injury

come face hold promote suffer risk support train

STRETCH! Complete the sentences with the

3 4

Every year the schools in the area to find the best athletes. In the past, you had to in every race to be a successful F1 driver, but now it’s much safer. A lot of people because someone else in their family was already a fan. If you’re a professional footballer who plays a lot of matches, you are likely to at least once in your career. Athletes who get injured in training often to get fit in time for an important event. Famous sports personalities often and sometimes they advertise products like sports drinks or snacks.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Exercise 1.

2 Complete the sentences with collocations from

We’ve organised this competition raise money for charity. He come fourth the competition, so he didn’t get a medal. Most people face a challenge their life at some point. Gwyneth Paltrow is an actress, but she is also famous promoting a healthy lifestyle. Why do you risk your life climbing without ropes? I’ve suffered an injury my knee so I can’t do any sport at the moment. She needs to train hard the triathlon. Some people don’t support a team their hometown. They just pick a team in the top division.

6 7

READING

1 Read the title of the article and look at the photos. What do you think the article is about?

2 Read the article quickly. Check your answer to Exercise 1.

A B RN CHAMPION

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

Alcaraz was born in 2003 into a tennis family. His grandfather had helped to create a tennis and swimming club in El Palmar, Murcia, in Spain. Alcaraz’s father was a professional tennis player as a teenager, but he didn’t have enough money to continue. Instead, he founded a tennis academy at the club in El Palmar and became its Director of Tennis. He gave Alcaraz a tennis racket when he was four and became his coach. Alcaraz has been playing tennis ever since.

he tennis player Carlos Alcaraz became a tennis sensation in September 2022 by winning the US Open at the age of 19. It was the first time he had got past the quarter finals at a major tournament, but by the end of the year he had become the youngest player to reach number 1 on the Association of Tennis Professionals world rankings. Whereas many people were surprised at his success at such a young age, those who had coached him and watched him play as he grew up, were not.

In 2018, after winning the Junior Davis Cup, Alcaraz left home to train with Juan Carlos Ferrero, a former world No 1 and the 2003 French Open champion. Ferrero has used his knowledge of the professional game to help guide Alcaraz to the top. Although tennis is an individual sport, his family have always tried to be Alcaraz’s team and support. His older brother Alvaro has often travelled with him to other countries, and his parents and younger brothers are there supporting him at important matches, too.

When he was 15, Alcaraz was part of the Spanish team at the Junior Davis Cup in Budapest, Hungary. The finalists were France and Spain. France won the first match. Alcaraz played the second match, and got so nervous that he was losing 6–4, 5–3 and 30–40. France just needed one more point to win the Cup. Amazingly, Alcaraz not only won that game, but managed to win the match. He then played in the doubles match, which Spain also won, to claim the Cup. The way Alcaraz faced this challenge was another sign that he would be a successful professional.

Alcaraz ‘s first professional match took place in Rio in 2020, when he was only 16. He won his first match but lost the second. Since then, however, he has made rapid progress and won many matches. He has learned how to play on different types of courts, as well as how to deal with the pressure of playing in big matches all over the world. He is likely to win many more titles in the future. His tennis is dynamic and athletic, with a wide variety of shots, and his technique has certainly improved. Nevertheless, those who have watched him play from the beginning say that, in many ways, he has been playing like that since he was ten years old.

m Ca

Alcaraz played in tennis tournaments from the age of five, often against children a few years older than him. He was unusual even then because he was able to quickly adapt his style of play if necessary. He trained hard and was never afraid to try all the different shots he practised in training in matches, too. He didn’t like losing, though, and when he was a child, he was well known for losing his temper on court and throwing his racket. He would even cry and refuse to leave the court at the end of a match if he lost. However, he also recovered quickly, and ten minutes later he was smiling again. Nowadays, Alcaraz has become famous for smiling during matches, even when he is losing.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 5

3 Read the article again. For questions 1–6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think best fits according to the text.

4 What is the writer’s purpose in the fourth

paragraph? A To demonstrate that Alcaraz is seldom nervous in important matches. B To talk about the amazing players in the Spanish team. C To make us appreciate Alcaraz’s skill as a player. D To show that Alcaraz has the qualities to be a top tennis player. 5 What does the fifth paragraph say helped Alcaraz’s professional career? A He found a coach with the right experience. B His victory in Budapest enabled him to leave home. C He and his brother started playing together. D His family went with him to every tournament. 6 What does the final paragraph emphasise most about Alcaraz? A That Alcaraz has a great future ahead of him. B That Alcaraz’s tennis hasn’t changed as much as people would think. C That the start of Alcaraz’s professional career was a disaster. D That Alcaraz has worked hard to improve all aspects of his tennis.

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

What does the first paragraph tell us about Alcaraz? A The people closest to Alcaraz were confident he would be successful. B He had nearly won a big tournament before the US Open. C No one expected him to win the US Open. D It took him one year to become the world number 1. 2 How did Alcaraz’s family give him the chance to be a tennis player? A His parents always wanted him to be a professional tennis player. B His father insisted that he play tennis every day. C He was brought up in a tennis environment. D His grandfather sent him to a tennis club when he was four. 3 How has Alcaraz’s approach to matches changed since he was a child? A He doesn’t mind playing older players anymore. B He can adapt his game better now to help him win. C He no longer reacts badly when he loses. D He takes longer to recover from disappointments. 1

GRAMMAR PRESENT PERFECT WITH EVER, NEVER, FOR, SINCE, STILL, ALREADY, YET AND JUST 1 Complete the text messages with the words in the box.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS 3 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences. 1

m Ca

already ever for just never since still yet 3

Alex

Online

I’ve 2 badly before.

finished.

seen them play this

The match has 1 We lost.

Shaw got haven’t won

I can’t believe it! We 4 a match this season.

Well, Shaw has been injured 5 six weeks now. Don’t worry, the season hasn’t finished 6 .

But we play City next week. Have we 7 beaten them? It’s OK, Shaw will be back! He’s 8 scored twice this season.

2 Write sentences in the present perfect using the word prompts and the words in brackets. 1 2 3

7 8

Lauren / score / ten goals / this season. (already)

you / buy / a new tennis racket / ? (yet) We / know / each other / we / be / eight. (since) I / understand / the rules of / cricket. (never) Keely / come / second / at the World Championships / again. (just) they / qualify / for / the World Cup / ? (ever) he / not lost / a match / this year. (still) Alexi / be / twenty, / but / she / be / a professional athlete / four years. (for)

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

The latest round of the F1 season 1 (start) here in Imola, Italy, with qualifying rounds yesterday and the race today. However, it 2 (rain) heavily for the past two days, and the drivers 3 (complain) about the dangerous conditions since yesterday. For the last hour the teams 4 (discuss) the situation. Now they 5 (ask) the organisers to cancel the race. ‘We 6 (risk) our lives in qualifying already,’ one driver said, ‘and the track 7 (become) even more dangerous since then. We can’t race.’

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

ever attend be not be buy always dream go love see you

A: 1

a big

sporting event?

B: Yes, I 2

to the Olympic Games

in Paris. you

A: Wow! What 3

? B: Well, I 4

horses since I was a little boy. So, my parents 5 tickets for the horse jumping. It 6 absolutely amazing. What about you? A: No, never. I 7 of going to watch United play in the Champions League final, but they 8 in the final for years, and anyway, the tickets would be very expensive.

verbs in brackets.

4 Complete the text with the correct form of the

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

We haven’t won 3 injured. He’s our best player.

They have trained / have been training really hard for six months now. He has been / has been being injured twice already this season. She has won / has been winning three gold medals at this Olympics. Have you run / Have you been running? Your face is all red! We ’ve played / ’ve been playing tennis every day this week. Have you waited / Have you been waiting a long time in the queue for tickets?

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 1

STRETCH! Read the sentences and find a mistake in each one. Correct the mistakes.

EXAM TIP As you read the text, try and think of a word for each gap yourself before you look at the suggestions. Then read all ABCD options carefully before choosing one.

2 3

m Ca

6 Read the article. For questions 1–8, decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits the gap.

WHICH PATH TO TAKE? Young athletes often have difficult 0 to make, like what event to focus on, or how much time to 1 to training. Take Jonas. He has been riding a bike since he could walk and has been a member of a cycling club 2 ten years now. He’s a talented cyclist, who trains hard, and he has 3 represented his country in competitions at junior level. He could definitely turn professional, but the problem yet whether he is he hasn’t 4 wants to focus on road or track racing. A lot of track events are 5 at the 6 Olympics, but Jonas has won any important track races. He has done better on the road, 7 , and now that he’s nearly 18, a professional road racing team has just 8 him a contract. They want his answer soon, but he still hasn’t made up his mind. 0 A choices B selections C options D alternatives 1 A spend B get C dedicate D practise 2 A during B for C about D since 3 A already B still C yet D ever 4 A deduced B given C decided D realised 5 A taken B celebrated C done D held 6 A just B yet C already D never 7 A although B however C whereas D moreover 8 A offered B put C made D suggested

5 6

The team has been winning six trophies in the last three years. She hasn’t already been to the World Championships and she’s feeling nervous. I’ve learned how to windsurf for weeks now but I’m still not very good. We’ve only been playing for two minutes and my team has yet scored! We have been following his career since many years. He’s amazing! Have you ever come first in a race when you ran for the school athletics team, Dad?

VOCABULARY

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

SUFFIXES FOR PERSONAL NOUNS

1 Complete the table with the personal noun form of the verbs in the box.

climb c ommentate c ycle d efend final instruct nutrition play special spectate support train

-er

-ist

-or

2 Complete the text using the correct form of the personal nouns from Exercise 1.

SPORTS JOBS

Patricia works as a(n) 1 for a professional cycling team. It’s her job to help the 2 to eat all the right food and take the right vitamin and mineral supplements. because every She has to be a 3 person in the team has different needs.

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

Dan has always been a loyal 4 of his local rugby team, and he’s an enthusiastic 5 at every home match. He on the knows every rugby 6 team, as well as the team manager, coaches and . So, when he heard fitness 7 that the local radio station was looking for to describe the matches a(n) 8 to its listeners, he applied, and got the job. Now he’s excited because the team is a(n) 9 in the Challenge Cup! He hopes they win.

WRITING

A BLOG POST

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the blog post again and complete the table below.

Time expressions for events in someone’s life

1 Who are your favourite sportspeople? What do you

•

Phrase in the first paragraph that tells us when something happened:

•

Other phrases in the blog post which tell us when something happened:

like best about them?

The way they overcome challenges?

m Ca

Their sporting achievements?

Their personality?

Other ideas?

2 Read the task. Then read the blog post below. Has

4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. She came second at the European Championships in 2018. She won gold at the World Championships in 2019. (after)

the writer answered all the questions in the task? Why have they written about this person? You see this advertisement online.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Blog posts wanted for our new website! We want to know about a sportsperson that inspires you. Who is it? What have they done in their sporting career? Why do they inspire you?

After coming fifth in the World Championships in 2017, she won gold in 2019. (two years later) In 2016 she changed coaches. In 2017 she moved to France to train. (the following year) Katerina left school at the age of 18. (when) Then she became a professional athlete. (since then)

Posts should be between 140 and 190 words.

NEVER GIVE UP Katerina Johnson Thomson, or KJT, is a British heptathlete. When she was 14, she had been doing athletics for several years, but she couldn’t decide which athletic event to specialise in. So, her coach persuaded her to try the heptathlon, which has seven different running, throwing and jumping events.

| UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

5 Read the blog post again and make notes in the table.

PARAGRAPH 1: Introduction

PARAGRAPH 2: Sporting career

PARAGRAPH 3: Why I admire her

I admire KJT because, although she has suffered some terrible injuries, she has never given up and is still smiling. She is an incredible athlete, and I hope to see her win more gold medals.

After winning several international junior competitions, she competed at the Olympic Games in 2012, at the age of 19. Since then, she has been to many international competitions and won medals, but she has also had a lot of injuries. In 2019, she won the gold medal at the World Athletics Championships, breaking the British record. However, the following year, she suffered a serious injury to her Achilles tendon. Most athletes would probably have given up and retired from athletics, but KJT was very determined. Incredibly, she started to train hard again a few months later. Then, in 2023, she came first at the World Athletics Championships for the second time.

Read the task in Exercise 7 and plan your answer. Use the table in Exercise 5 to help you. Select the most important events and challenges in that person’s life. You don’t need to include everything.

7 Read the task and write your blog post. Write 140–190 words.

Using a variety of time phrases to describe events in someone’s life will make your writing more interesting to read and will make it clear in which order things happened. Look back at your blog post. Have you used time phrases?

SELF-EVALUATION

m Ca

Check your writing:

You see this advertisement online.

Blog posts wanted for our new website! We want to know about a sportsperson who has faced challenges in their career. Who is it? What have they done in their sporting career? Why do you admire them?

Content: Have you answered all the questions in the task? Communication: Are your ideas explained clearly so the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you explained when events happened and linked them together? Language: Have you used time phrases correctly?

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U LISTENING A

1 Look at the photos. What do you think a sports superfan is? B

8.1 Listen to the podcast again and match the people (1–4) to the information that you hear (A–J). Some information matches to more than one person. fans of the Tour de France 2 Vicente Navarro Aparicio 3 Clovis Acosta Fernandes 4 Dolly Smith 1

A always watched from the same

8.1 Listen to a sports podcast about super fans. Number the photos in the order they are mentioned.

position B travel around the world to be there , C listened to the radio D can be responsible for accidents E wear strange clothes F felt sad when the team lost G went to their first match to celebrate a big birthday H didn’t see the match for many years , I became the spirit of the supporters J gave something to a fan of the opposing team

4 Which super fan do you think is the most impressive? Why?

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

INVOLVING OTHER PEOPLE IN DISCUSSIONS

1 USING APPROPRIATE GESTURES AND BODY

LANGUAGE TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION

m Ca

Gestures / body language I can use to encourage others to participate

DON’T

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U arms

face

body

Co hand

mouth

head

The gestures / body language which feel natural for me are: . The gestures / body language which feel unnatural . for me are:

2 PARTICIPATING IN A DISCUSSION,

ASKING QUESTIONS AND ENCOURAGING CONTRIBUTIONS FROM OTHERS

How can I say ‘Really?’ to mean all these different things? I’m surprised!

Are you crazy?

Interesting!

This is so boring!

Useful phrases for participating in discussions

Tip

Can I just Can I say I’d like to make I have something

Pretend you are acting in a play and exaggerate your intonation!

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

a suggestion. I’d like to share with the group. come in here? something about this?

Which one is best in a discussion?

ORACY 4

Asking questions your thoughts? how you see it? agree? you think?

m Ca

Do you What do Is that What are

Encouraging contributions Can you What’s your I’d like to hear I think …

more from … explain a bit more? has something to say about this. take on this, … ?

3 MAKING POSITIVE COMMENTS ge

ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE’S IDEAS

makes people happier ✓ / ✗ boosts confidence ✓ / ✗ relieves stress ✓ / ✗ creates a positive atmosphere ✓ / ✗ encourages other people to share their ideas too ✓ / ✗ shows I am paying attention ✓ / ✗

After the discussion I did these things well:

I’ve got better at:

Words and phrases I can use which are positive about other people’s ideas

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Why commenting positively is a good idea

Absolutely! That’s a That’s an

good idea.

’s true. interesting.

That

Tip

Smiling and nodding is a good way to be positive about what other people are saying. It will also encourage them to continue.

SELF-EVALUATION I need to keep working on:

I can …

show Draw a face to how you feel.

• use appropriate gestures and body • • •

language to encourage participation. use phrases and questions effectively to participate and encourage others. react positively to other people’s ideas. help my partner to feel comfortable in a discussion.

UNIT 8 SPORT FOR ALL

REVIEW 4 UNITS 7 & 8 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Join the sentences using a relative pronoun and a

1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

relative clause.

activity holidays backpacking camping holiday city break ecotourism package holiday staycation working holiday

This is a photo of the hotel. We stayed there in Venice.

m Ca

2 Mike taught us to sail. He’s from Ireland.

3 This is the website for the adventure holiday. I told you about it. 4 The wooden cabin is really comfortable. It has two bedrooms. 5 Those are the Japanese students. They played volleyball at the beach with us.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

4 5

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text. HOME | BOOK HOLIDAYS | LOG IN

Furthermore / Whereas many holiday companies offer holidays in crowded tourist resorts, we specialise in remote areas. We offer camping trips in the Moroccan desert, 2 as well as / even though cruises to Antarctica and other remote destinations. 3 However, / In addition, you will travel with our expert guides. 4 While / Also you may think our trips are expensive, in fact you’ll be surprised at how low our prices are. 5 Although / Furthermore, our attention to detail will make your holiday unforgettable! Book online or by phone. 6 Also, / As well as we are happy to answer all your queries by phone any time from 8 am to 8 pm. 7 However, / Whereas don’t wait too long, or you may miss your remote holiday of a lifetime! 1

Last year, we went on a for two weeks, with everything included in the price. The resort was lovely, but the food at the hotel wasn’t very good. My mum and I went on a to London for five days. We visited lots of museums. because Jane didn’t enjoy the it rained a lot and her tent had holes in it! I think the best holidays are where there are lots of sports to do. Everyone in my family cares about the environment, so we decided to book a holiday that focuses on . We’ll stay on a farm and help pick organic fruit! When I finish university, I’d like to go around Thailand and Vietnam. If you want to travel but you don’t have enough money, a is often a good idea, like working in a hotel in a different country. My granny says she was always a big fan of having a holiday at home, even before people started calling it a .

6 7

2 Complete the text with the correct form of travel, trip or journey.

Review 4

This year we decided not to fly anywhere, a bit which made foreign 1 more difficult, but not impossible. However, unlike a package holiday, it’s more expensive arrangements to book your 2 and accommodation separately. We decided to 3 by ferry and train and take our bicycles, and then we booked a farmhouse in rural agent! France through an online 4 , It was quite a tiring overnight 5 but we didn’t mind because the farmhouse was amazing. We went on a lot of day 6 to interesting places nearby. One day we went on a boat 7 down the river to see some castles. Unfortunately, home was the return 8 complicated. The first train was cancelled, and the second one had no room for bicycles, but luckily the third one was OK!

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Write sentences in the present perfect simple or

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

continuous. Use the word prompts and the words in brackets. 1 2

m Ca

my brother / like / watch / sport (never) Chris / run / marathons / ten years (for) Katerina / win / three tennis tournaments / this year (already) It / be / the only team / that / not lost / in the league (still) Martin / go running (just) you / come first / in / a big race / ? (ever) I / not buy / a ticket / for / the match (yet) We / come / to see / our local team / we / be / kids. (since)

6 7

2 Complete the conversation with the present perfect A: It says here that the Olympic Committee

(agree) to include lacrosse as an Olympic sport again for the next Olympics. B: What’s lacrosse? I 2 (never / hear) of it. A: My mum 3 (play) it when she was at school. It’s a bit like hockey, with a stick, only with a net on the end to catch the ball. It 4 (start) in North America hundreds of years ago, she said, and used to be very violent! B: It sounds awful! Why 5 (they / decide) to put it in the Olympics again now? A: Good question! This article says that the last time they 6 (have) lacrosse at the Olympics, in 1908, there were only two teams! But since then, it says, it 7 (become) quite popular in many countries. 1

come third hold / competition promote / lifestyle risk your life suffer / injury support a team 1 2

3 4 5

Some climbers love the sport so much that they’re prepared to to do it. When he was a professional player, he so many that they ended his career. Alicia in the race, so she got a bronze medal, but she was very disappointed. They are the gymnastics in Sweden next month. I think this campaign to a healthy is very effective. that loses It’s quite hard to most of their matches!

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

or past simple form of the words in brackets.

the words in the box.

2 Complete the texts with the words in brackets and the correct suffix.

These days professional tennis 1 (nutrition) to help (play) consult a 2 them with their diet. They often have the support of (special) in sports psychology, a3 (train), too. and a fitness 4

If you’re a 5 (commentate) at a big event like the Tour de France, you need to be able to pronounce all the names of the 6 (cycle), as well as recognise their faces in the peloton. It’s a hard job!

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 7 and 8.

holidays and travel collocations with travel, trip and journey competition and challenge suffixes for personal nouns 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that you have improved the most in. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you think you will use most in future.

Review 4

efining and non-defining relative d clauses conjunctions: addition and contrast present perfect with ever, never, for, since, still, already, yet and just present perfect simple and continuous present perfect and past simple 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you have improved the most in. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING VOCABULARY

LEARNING AND STUDY

STRETCH! Complete the text with a

preposition in each gap.

m Ca

1 Complete the sentences with words and phrases. Use the numbers of letters in brackets to help you. 1

8 9 10

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

It’s easy to by messages on your phone when you’re studying. (3,10) The best for learning vocabulary is to read a lot. (8) After you finish learning something, you can on it. (4,8) Many people find it hard to mathematical concepts. (5) A lot of people are to learn English because they want to travel. (9) I try to words and phrases so that I can use them naturally when speaking. (5,2,5) , but I almost never do I often write a everything. (2–2, 4) I sometimes for a test the night before, but it doesn’t always work. (4) I don’t for exams in the library because everyone talks too much. (6) Do you find it hard to on revision if there’s music playing? (5)

2 Complete the text with the words and phrases in the box. cram focus get distracted grasped revise to-do list test yourself

HOW TO ACE YOUR EXAMS How you 1

is very important.

READING

The best way to check if you’ve 6 something is to explain it to someone else. My best friend and I do this sometimes with science.

1 Look at the photos and the title of the article

It’s useful to make a study timetable several weeks before your exams. Then keep to it, so you don’t need to 7 the night before.

2 Read the article. Where did the young people

UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING

on page 77. Where do you think these young people studied? study? Why did they have that education?

Take some time to 5 when you’ve finished revising or ask your parents to do it!

Good luck! 76

when you get there, to , and tick things off as you

Make a 3 help you 4 do them.

hen I revised 1 my last French exam, I decided to focus 2 vocabulary. Online, I discovered a good strategy 3 remembering it. I wrote lists of vocabulary with a translation of each item. Then I learned them 4 heart on the bus to school. It’s a boring journey so I never got distracted 5 anything and concentrated on the vocabulary. On the bus home, I tested myself 6 that morning’s lists. The strategy worked! In fact, I was so motivated 7 this method that I’ve decided to keep doing it! If I do it every day even when I don’t have exams, it will help me learn lots of stuff, and I won’t need to cram 8 an exam ever again.

If you 2 easily at home, perhaps because of noise, try going to the local library for a set time, say two hours.

Posts | Comment | Log in

AN UNUSUAL EDUCATION C BAILEY

My dad was in the military, so our family moved around quite a bit. By the age of ten I had been to six schools! It was hard making new friends and then having to say goodbye, and I wasn’t motivated to study, so we decided boarding school was the best option. I missed my parents at first, but I quickly made some close friends, and it was fantastic knowing that I didn’t have to move again. I found the schoolwork a challenge to start with, because I’d been to so many different schools that taught different things, but the teachers helped me a lot and I soon caught up. What I liked most, though, was always having my friends around to do after-school activities with. We had a lot of fun!

When I was 14, I had an accident and had to stay in hospital for a few months. I was worried about missing school, but in Australia there’s Hospital School for people like me. At first, I couldn’t get out of bed, so a 1:1 teacher taught me on the ward. That was pretty useful, because I could ask questions, and she explained again if necessary. However, I couldn’t get distracted, or she would get annoyed! Then I got a wheelchair, so I went to the classroom next to the ward with other children, which I liked better. There, the timetable was the same as schools outside: 9.15 to 3.15, with breaks. The teachers have a really hard job. They need to teach you everything you’d learn at your own school, so they have to prepare individual lessons for each child.

m Ca

A SEAN

B HARRY

D GINA I’d been playing the cello since I was eight and loved it. So, I did an audition to go to a local secondary school specialising in music and dance, and passed. You do all the normal subjects, like history, maths and science, but you also do two hours of music or dance every day. I loved being at a school where I could identify with my classmates, and we could talk about topics that most teenagers probably wouldn’t be interested in. We played our instruments together, in a school orchestra or smaller groups, and we also had the chance to give concerts. If you want to be a musician, that’s really good experience. It certainly helped me, as I went to music college after that, and now I play in a professional orchestra.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Acting in my first film, I spent three months on a film set. I couldn’t go to my usual school, but I still had to continue my education. Young film actors have a tutor on set to study with every day. My school gave me work to do, and the tutor helped me keep up, but it wasn’t easy keeping motivated. By law, you must have three hours of classes a day, but they don’t have to be all together. So, if I was filming a particular scene, I would have classes in 20-minute blocks between ‘takes’ of the scene, which made it difficult to focus. After that, I got more film parts, so I left mainstream schooling and switched to online learning. That was easier to manage, and I still had tutors on set, which was quite helpful when I was revising for exams.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 7 The people may be chosen more than once.

2 3 4

had to work extra hard at the beginning? found not having time for lessons a challenge? enjoyed collaborating with others? was impressed by the dedication of the teachers? found the social aspects of school to be the most rewarding?

Which person appreciated that the other students felt the same way as them? combined different types of education? experienced some difficult moments when they were young? preferred learning with others to being on their own? realised the value of getting personal attention?

3 Read the article again. For questions 1–10, choose from the four people (A–D).

7 8 9 10

5 UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING

GRAMMAR

4 Complete the conversation with the phrases in

MODALS OF OBLIGATION, PROHIBITION, PERMISSION, NECESSITY AND ADVICE 1 Match 1–7 to a–g. I must remember to phone Paula later.

2 You needn’t bring your laptop to English. 3 I haven’t got to get up early today. 4 You oughtn’t to work so hard.

5 We mustn’t be late for the film club.

6 May I speak to you about the exam? 7 You need to bring my book tomorrow.

a You need to take some breaks. b It won’t take very long.

c You can’t go in after the film’s started. e I promised her I would.

You forgot today. g It’s Saturday.

2 Look at the sentences in Exercise 1 again. Do they

express obligation (O), prohibition (PR), permission (PE), necessity (N) or advice (A)?

3 Choose the correct answers to complete the

second sentence so that it has a similar meaning. 1

3 4

UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING

Inbox

3 Messages

Dear students,

As you know, tomorrow we’re going to visit the Roman villas at Fishbourne and Bignor. The coach leaves at 9 o’clock. 1Being late is not an option, as we need to arrive by 10 am. The weather forecast says we might have showers, so 2 it’s a good idea to wear a waterproof jacket. 3 It’s not necessary to bring lunch, as that is provided by the school, but 4 you have permission to bring snacks if you wish. Before you leave today, 5 it’s a necessity to see Mr Stevens to get your worksheets, and of course, 6 you have an obligation to remember to bring them with you tomorrow. As well as a pen and pencil, 7 it’s a good idea to bring some crayons to draw the mosaics we’ll see. Mrs Bates 1

You

2 you 3 You 4 you 5 you 6 you 7 you

Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.

It is necessary for students to hand option preferences to their class teacher by 30th May. You oughtn’t to / need to give me your option preferences on Friday at the latest. It is compulsory to go to the library if you arrive late. You ’ve got to / needn’t go to the library if you arrive late. Eating or drinking is not allowed in class. You don’t have to / mustn’t eat or drink in class. Please make sure you wear suitable clothing on the school trip. You should / don’t need to bring an anorak tomorrow in case it rains. Phones are permitted at school but switch them off in class. You may / have to bring your phone to school, but it can / must be switched off in class. It’s not a good idea to leave revision till the night before the exam. You shouldn’t / can’t leave your revision till the night before the exam. It isn’t necessary to print out your essay. It is permitted to send it digitally. You don’t have to / ought to print out your essay, you must / can send it as an attachment.

5 Rewrite the phrases in bold using a modal verb.

in the history project? B: This Wednesday. I 2 my section. It’s nearly done! A: What? I thought it was next week! I haven’t started yet. I’ll 3 Mrs Harris if we 4 it in late. B: Oh Alex! You 5 more organised. You 6 dates down in your notebook! But you 7 Mrs Harris for more time. A: Why not? B: Because she always says no. We 8 it in late. But we’ve still got two days, so you 9 . Come round to my house after school and I’ll help you.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

d I’ve got mine for the presentation. f

can give can’t hand have to hand have to ask mustn’t ask needn’t worry need to finish ought to be should write A: When do we 1

m Ca

the box.

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

STRETCH! Read the sentences and find mistakes in five of them. Correct the mistakes.

6 Choose the correct answers

to complete the conversations.

m Ca

A: What was the matter with Kelly? She looked like she’d 1 cried / been crying. B: She had. Her cat had 2 gone / been going missing.

A: Oh no, poor Kelly!

3 4 5 6

B: It’s OK. Her dad just rang to say that they’d 3 found / been finding it in the garden shed.

A: Sorry I’m late! I had to go home because I’d 4 forgotten / been forgetting my phone.

B: How could you leave your phone at home? It’s always in your hand!

VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS WITH BRAIN AND MIND

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

A: I know, but I had 5 charged / been charging it and I was in a hurry.

1 Complete the sentences with brain(s) or mind(s).

A: How was your first day back at school?

B: Awful! They’d just finished / been finishing painting the classrooms and everywhere smelt of paint.

A: Why hadn’t they 7 done / been doing it at the beginning of the holidays?

B: That’s what we asked. Apparently, they had 8 waited / been waiting for the paint to arrive.

7 Complete the text with the past perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

You needn’t to wait for me after school, I have to go to the dentist. When she had passed her piano exam, she already failed it twice. We don’t have to wear make-up to school. It’s against the rules. Janette had been losing her maths book, but she found it under the sofa a week later. Otto had been working so hard that no one was surprised when he won the prize. All students may register for the next course by the end of this month. If not, they will lose their place.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in Exercise 1. 1

2 3

6 7 8

UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING |

It never that he would go to university. He didn’t think he was clever enough. When I lived abroad for a year it really . Thanks for the careers advice. I’ll for the future. My granny always says, ‘If you something, you can always do it.’ She’s very determined! She , but she couldn’t remember where they’d met. I’ve got a problem with maths revision. Can I ? Are you OK? I know you’ve in the last few weeks. My dad’s been offered a new job but he about taking it.

oria 1 (walk) for ten minutes before she realised she was going in the wrong direction. She 2 (not pay) attention because 3 she (think) about what to study the following year at university. She 4 (always think) she would study medicine to become a doctor, like her parents. But recently she 5 (decide) she wanted to be an engineer. When she told her parents, they 6 (not be) very pleased, especially after she 7 (tell) them that they 8 (never ask) her what she wanted to do and she didn’t like that.

People say travel broadens your . She’s had a lot on her recently. I’ve been racking my . They’re in two about it. I need to pick your . It didn’t cross my , to be honest. He’ll be able to work out the answer if he puts his to it. Please bear it in .

WRITING

2 Read the essay again. Does the writer include all

AN ESSAY

the points in the task? What is their own idea?

1 Read the task. Then read the essay below. Does the

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the essay again and complete the phrases below.

writer agree with the statement?

Making a strong argument

Write about:

this path as …

learning more life skills.

teach young people …

4 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal verbs. 1

It’s a good idea for us to focus on maths.

2 It’s very important for us to pass exams. 3 A good thing for everyone would be doing meditation. 4 It’s necessary for everyone to do more sport.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

• a future career • giving people life skills • (your own idea)

…

Some young people would 2

m Ca

Some people believe that there’s too much emphasis on academic study in the education system, and not enough opportunities to learn practical skills. Do you agree?

…

We must bear 1

You have been discussing learning and education in class. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on this question.

It’s a common belief that secondary education nowadays focuses too much on academic subjects and should include more practical topics. I completely agree with this.

To begin with, we must bear in mind that not everyone wants to go to university. Some young people would prefer a more practical approach to their learning from a younger age, with a focus on future jobs like plumber, chef or mechanic. Society needs to encourage people to do these jobs and we should see this path as a valuable alternative to more academic studies. Secondly, we would all benefit from learning more life skills at school. These include how to budget and cook basic meals with fresh food, as well as ways to get along with others and reduce the stress of modern life.

UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING

In summary, I agree with changing the focus in education to make it less academic, for the reasons I have explained in this essay.

Thirdly, in this digital age, we need to teach young people how to be more critical of what they see online and recognise the possible harm to our mental health from social media.

5 Read the task in Exercise 7 and plan your essay.

Make notes in the table. Use the model essay in Exercise 1 to help you.

EXAM TIP You should write no more than three words in each gap.

PARAGRAPH 2: Exams

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 2

m Ca

PARAGRAPH 1: Introduction

PARAGRAPH 3: Learning valuable skills

PARAGRAPH 4: Your own idea

PARAGRAPH 5: Conclusion

Look at your notes. Can you use any modal verbs to introduce your arguments? Write them in the table.

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 1

7 Read the exam task below. Write your answer in 140–190 words.

9.1 You will hear a girl called Marta Rodriguez talking to a group of teenage footballers about her experience of studying in the USA. For questions 1–10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. It was someone in 1 who first gave Marta the idea of studying in the USA. Marta had help with the 2 to get a place at a school in the USA. One of the requirements to study in the USA from your was 3 secondary school. Marta says that the 4 at the school in Pennsylvania were the reason she chose it. Marta explains the school’s dedication to of developing the 5 the people who study there. When she first moved to the USA, Marta 6 with a girl she didn’t get on with. Marta says the school’s attitude towards the subjects students choose to study in 11th , which grade is 7 surprised her. She said that because her favourite lessons , she were in 8 picked those subjects to study. Marta says the school trains students to be in competitive at 9 their sport. She wasn’t sure about staying another year in the USA as she wants to 10 in Spain.

You have been discussing learning and education in class. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on this question. The most important aim for headteachers is to make sure that their school prepares all students for the world of work. Do you agree? Write about: • exams • learning valuable skills • (your own idea)

SELF-EVALUATION

2 Would you like the opportunity to study at the

school Marta went to? What would you appreciate most about it?

UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING

Content: Have you answered the question and included all the points? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly so the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you followed the paragraph plan? Language: Have you used modal verbs to introduce points correctly?

Check your writing:

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

LISTENING

| 81

THE WORLD IS CHANGING QUICKLY, AND OUR EDUCATION NEEDS TO BE RELEVANT FOR AN UNPREDICTABLE FUTURE.

m Ca

1 THINK technology

emotional intelligence

flexibility

leadership

critical thinking

teamwork

Skills that people will need in the future:

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

My partner today is:

Choose important skills for you and write them here! technology

2 PREPARE

Make notes of your ideas here!

Tips for Think

Think about how the skills needed in the future might be different from the skills needed today.

The skill(s) we want to focus on is/are:

We can find out more about these skills from:

People in my group:

How can the education system develop these skills? 82

UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING

How can we learn more about them?

Tips for Prepare Before you leave class, find some useful websites to help your research.

CHALLENGE 5

3 DEVELOP

The ideas we want to present are:

m Ca

This is what our group found out:

br poster

For our presentation we will use:

slides

Tasks

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

podcast

Who

Equipment needed

Tips for Develop

Make sure you divide up the work fairly, so no one has too much or too little to do.

4 PRESENT

After the presentation

My role is: The roles of others in my group are:

Things I did well:

Things I want to improve:

SELF-EVALUATION

Draw a face to show how you feel.

Before you start, check everyone knows what they’re doing, in what order, and what technology/materials they are using.

Tips for Present

I can …

• • • •

identify skills related to different areas of life. actively participate in brainstorming to generate ideas. research and prioritise skills and how to teach them. engage an audience in a presentation. UNIT 9 FUTURE LEARNING |

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT VOCABULARY

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 3

NOUN SUFFIXES

3 Use the word given in capitals at the end of

some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

m Ca

1 Write a noun for each photo. Use the words in the box and the suffixes -ance, -ence, -ion, -ment and -ness.

I was never interested in sport, ANNOY to the 1 of my family, who were all keen rugby PARTICIPATE fans. Although 2 in sport was compulsory at school, I just didn’t like team sports. I joined a rugby club for a while, but I didn’t enjoy it, and the 3 PATIENT of other players when I played badly made me dislike it even more.

annoy a rrogant c onfuse j udge kind lonely patient prefer

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 3

Then I saw an athletics 4 on television. COMPETE The athletes were all taking part individually, and I knew I would love it. I joined a local athletics club,

Co 5

and started going to training sessions every week. It was the DECIDE best 5 I’d made for ages! After a few months there was a big 6 in my IMPROVE fitness, and now I can run 1,500 m in quite a good time. Because it’s an individual sport, I’ve gained more 7 DEPEND , and I feel a lot more confident because of the 8 and dedication KIND of the coaches at the club.

2 Complete the sentences with the nouns from Exercise 1.

4 5 6

| UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT

Many people get a lot of 1 visiting museums. In 2019, museum 2 Europe was the highest it had ever been. It’s how people fascinating to see 3 lived hundreds or thousands of years ago. Seeing the exhibits can tell us a lot about the 4 our ancestors. The shapes, patterns and materials of ancient objects are a(n) 5 that culture. New technology what can also give visitors 6 exhibits represent, or why a particular culture had certain things. a(n) 7

The quality I look for in a friend is , when they are always willing to help. The instructions were so bad it just created . No one knew what to do. No one liked him because of his . He thought he was better than us. There are two good restaurants here, Italian and Mexican. Do you have a ? You need a lot of to teach small children. They were quite rude, but she tried not to show her at their behaviour.

attend / in enjoy / from evident / of exist / of express / of guide / about prefer / for

STRETCH! Complete the text with a noun form of the words in the box and the preposition.

READING 1 Read the article title and look at the headings (A–E) in Exercise 3. Who do you think the article is written for? 2 Read the article quickly. Check your answers to Exercise 1.

Assume nothing: 5 tips for your new life abroad If you get the chance to spend time living in another country, my experience says: don’t hesitate! It really does broaden your mind, but it isn’t easy either. Here is my best advice to help you settle in.

m Ca

br 1

People were very kind and friendly. I socialised with the students in my Portuguese class, and I was invited out by local people I met who were proud to show me their culture. I tried different foods, visited great places and did amazing new things because I always accepted offers and invitations. Participation can be hard if you don’t understand what everyone is saying and sometimes your brain gets tired, but if you’re living abroad, you should definitely make the most of it. So, don’t sit at home, go for it!

I was embarrassed at first about asking people things, especially as they could sometimes see the confusion on my face when I didn’t quite understand their answer. But I soon realised that people liked being helpful and were happy to give me information and advice. And because there was a definite improvement in my language skills, I got better at understanding them, too!

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

A lot of people who move abroad make the mistake of thinking customs and behaviour are more or less the same everywhere. But though things may seem the same, there are often differences. Sometimes you can cause offence without knowing it, although most people realise that you didn’t mean to! So, don’t just assume that everything you would do at home is OK. Be observant of the local culture and try to learn what is acceptable and what isn’t.

I took Portuguese classes before I went abroad as I was already planning my move, but even so, my level was pretty basic! So, when I got here, I enrolled in more classes, which helped me to meet people and make friends. What was really useful, though, was finding a local person to do a language exchange with. That really helped my fluency, and I also learned a lot about the culture, food, shopping and other practical things about living here.

Moving abroad isn’t easy. After the first excitement has worn off, you may feel your decision was a mistake. Everything can feel like too much effort, but you need patience and a positive attitude. I repeated ‘It won’t be like this for ever!’ when I felt like that, and I was right. Moving was the best thing I ever did, and after two years, it really feels like home.

3 Read the article again. Match the paragraphs (1–5) to the headings (A–E).

A Don’t just assume

B It’s OK to ask questions

D Say yes to everything E

good at noticing things

Zara suggests that being different / observant helps you find out about a new culture. For Zara, a language exchange / class was the best way to learn about different aspects of her new life. Zara found social occasions tiring because she couldn’t always hear / understand other people. Zara felt uncomfortable when she showed her confusion / embarrassment in her facial expression. Zara says that there will be times at first when it’s necessary to admit your mistake / have a positive attitude.

2 get the maximum benefit from

something 3 become comfortable in a new situation 4 gradually disappeared

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT |

article to the definitions (1–4).

4 Read the article again and choose the correct answers.

5 Match the words in bold in the

Stay optimistic

C Learn the language (and more!)

By Zara Jones

GRAMMAR

EXAM TASK READING AND USE EXAM TIP

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

When you read the first sentence, see if you can rephrase it yourself in your own words before you read the second sentence. This will help you think about the meaning.

m Ca

I’ve just been back to my old school and it 1 looks / is looked completely different. The school 2 has grown / has been grown to twice the size! The old buildings 3 knocked / were knocked down last year, and a much bigger school 4 has built / has been built. An amazing sports hall 5 is planning / is being planned next to the football pitches, and apparently it 6 will finish / will be finished in the summer holidays. It was good to see that a big shed to park bicycles 7 has installed / has been installed. When I was a student, we 8 asked / were asked the head teacher for one, but she said we would have to wait until they 9 gave / were given more money.

3 For questions 1–6, complete the second

sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Sydney Opera House

REPORTED STATEMENTS

4 Rewrite the sentences using reported speech and the verb tell. 1

‘The film starts at seven,’ said Julia to Donna.

2 ‘My parents have gone on holiday,’ said my

friend Eric.

3 ‘We’re going to the beach next weekend,’ said Ben to his granny. 4 ‘I’ll pick you up from school this afternoon,’ said his mother. 5 ‘I didn’t catch the first train, so I’m going to be late,’ said Mrs Jackson to her son.

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT

Sydney Opera House, in Sydney harbour, 1 (open) in 1973. In 1956, an international design competition 2 (hold). 233 designs 3 (present), and the winner was Danish architect Jørn Utzon. Although construction 4 (expect) to take four years, no design like that 5 (ever build) before, and the design was so complex that it 6 (not finish) until 14 years later. One example of this complexity is that the Opera House 7 (cool) using water taken directly from the harbour. Nowadays, of course, the building and the famous sails 8 (know) all around the world. Since it opened, the sails 9 (light) up for many special occasions, including the Olympic Games.

Picasso didn’t paint The Starry Night, it was van Gogh. BY The Starry Night , not Picasso. Someone stole my bike from outside the library yesterday. GOT Yesterday from outside the library. The painters told me they would finish the decorating by Friday. SHOULD According to the painters, the decorating Friday. No one remembers seeing the man since last month. SEEN The man since last month. They are organising a charity concert in the park next weekend. HELD A charity concert in the park next weekend. Last year, scientists discovered five new species of snail-eating snakes. FOUND Five new species of snail-eating snakes scientists last year.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2 Complete the text with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.

OF ENGLISH PART 4

PASSIVE

5 Complete the message about a voicemail using

reported speech.

STRETCH! Read the sentences and find mistakes in four of them. Correct the mistakes.

My name is Jon Smart. I left a bag in your restaurant at lunchtime. The bag is made of black leather and has a shoulder strap. I was sitting in the corner. There are important documents inside it. You can contact me at this number …

2 3

m Ca

Inbox

2 Messages

Hi Jack! I got a voicemail on my phone from a guy about something he left in the restaurant. He said 1 name 2 Jon a bag in Smart, and that he 3 4 restaurant at lunchtime. He said of black leather and the bag 5 6 a shoulder strap, and that he 7 in the corner. He also said there 8 important documents inside. contact him on this He said we 9 number … Can you check to see if we have it and then call him, please? Thanks! Becky

VOCABULARY

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES 1 Complete the words by adding vowels.

lt r lly cc pt bl d t n 3 c v l s t n 4 l c l c st ms 5 c lt r l s ns t v ty 6 st r typ 7 d v rs ty 8 c lt r sh ck 9 v l s 10 gl b l s t n

6 Put the words in the correct order to make 1 2 3 4 5

sister / some / her / buy / asked / to / sweets. / me / My Clara / the / out / started. / asked / find / to / exhibition / me / when asked / Then / to / she / buy / the / tickets! / me him / teacher / to / asked / Martin’s / his / explain / research. Kathy / her / Ricky / guitar / lessons. / asked / give / to

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text. HOME | BLOG | LOG IN

7 Rewrite the reported requests from Exercise 6 in direct speech.

8 Write the direct requests in reported speech. Imagine you are Natalie.

the supermarket? (mum) 3 Could you look up the weather

forecast for tomorrow? (granny) 4

Could you help me move the table? (big brother)

2 Can you get some bread from

Can you play a game with me? (little brother)

Now that I’ve been here for six months what I’ve learned is that, although international tourism is one consequence of 1 civilisation / globalisation, it can have negative effects. I’ve noticed that many tourists have no knowledge of 2 local customs / stereotype, and lack 3 cultural sensitivity / civilisation, so they behave in ways which are not 4 culturally acceptable / values here. Tourists can also get 5 culture shock / diversity when they come here, too.

Natalie’s family ask her to do a lot! Here are a few of yesterday’s requests: 1

2 tr

REPORTED REQUESTS reported requests.

Furthermore, the gallery has got asked to contribute to the town’s centenary celebrations. It is believed that the criminals had help from a person who worked there. My friend asked me could I help him do his research that evening. I said him that I am too busy then but maybe another day. The artefacts had been produced by the first inhabitants of the region. Maria asked John could you lend me your maths book until the next day.

When I came to live here, I realised that my idea of the people was a 6 culture shock / stereotype, and I was wrong about many things. I was surprised to discover that they had an ancient 7civilisation / diversity which went back thousands of years, with rich 8 culturally acceptable / traditions and 9 globalisation / values.

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT | 87

WRITING

A STORY

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the story again and

complete the table. Examples of background events in the story

1 Read the task. Then read the story below. Where

Martin’s family were visiting Ireland.

did Martin go? What did he do?

1 2

We are looking for stories for our new Englishlanguage magazine for young people. Write a story. Your story must begin with this sentence:

Examples of main events in the story

m Ca

Angela made a suggestion. 3

It was an interesting experience, but Martin wouldn’t like to do it again.

Tenses

Your story must include: • an ancient tradition • a suggestion

We use this tense for the background events: 5 past simple / past continuous

We use this tense for the main events: 6 past simple / past continuous

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

More examples of the past simple and the past continuous in the story:

It was an interesting experience, but Martin wouldn’t like to do it again. Martin’s family were visiting Ireland. They were discovering fascinating old traditions and local customs.

Angela, who was working at the hotel where Martin was staying, made a suggestion: ‘You should go to Blarney Castle to kiss the Blarney stone.’ ‘What’s that?’ Martin asked. Angela explained that the Blarney Stone was very old and had magical powers. ‘If you kiss it, you get “the gift of the gab”, ‘ she said. ‘That’s the ability to speak well, with eloquence and fluency.’ Shy Martin imagined how useful the gift of the gab would be when he was giving presentations at school. He asked to go to the castle.

to include both points in the task? What was the ancient tradition? Who made the suggestion?

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT

Using different tenses in your story will make it clear when events happen in relation to other events. Make notes for your story in the table. What tenses will you use? PARAGRAPH 1: Introduction to the story PARAGRAPHS 2 and 3: Main events of the story

PARAGRAPH 4: The end of the story

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

6 Read the exam task below. Write your answer in 140–190 words.

We are looking for stories for our new Englishlanguage magazine for young people. Write a story for the magazine. Your story must begin with this sentence: Nisha heard a strange noise coming from the garden. She decided to go and investigate. Your story must include: • a surprise • a request

2 Read the story again. Has the writer remembered

To his amazement, Martin immediately felt more confident. The next time he was doing a group presentation at school, he didn’t feel shy. ‘I’ve got the gift of the gab!’ he thought.

Think of ideas for the surprise and the request.

When they arrived, Martin was shocked to discover that to kiss the stone he had to climb up 128 stone steps to the roof of a tower, lie on his back and then put his head out of the tower and under the Blarney Stone. It was pretty scary, but he managed it!

4 Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your story.

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing:

m Ca

Content: Have you included all the points in the task? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you used paragraphs to mark the different stages of the story? Language: Have you used narrative tenses correctly?

LISTENING

1 Imagine you are going to live in an English-speaking country for a year. How do you think you would feel? Give each item a score from 1 (not at all) to 10 (very much).

homesick (missing family, etc.) 2 frustrated with your language skills 1

3 excited to experience new things 4 at home in the culture

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 4

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

10.1 You will hear an interview with a student from Germany called Finn Müller, who has just spent a year in Australia. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

5 When Finn was missing people in Germany, A he knew it wouldn’t last long. B he would do something nice, like eat good

food. C his host family were very sympathetic. 6 What strange thing did Finn notice during his stay? A His routine made him feel more like he belonged. B He couldn’t remember new vocabulary at school. C He was sleeping for longer than he used to. 7 What does Finn say has made him feel most content about his stay in Australia? A how much he’s learned about Australian culture B that he is able to speak like an Australian C that his self-confidence has increased

EXAM TIP

Always answer all the questions. You don’t lose marks for a wrong answer. If you can decide that one of the options is wrong, then it’s worth choosing one of the others, and you often understand more than you think.

What is the main reason Finn gives for going to Australia? A He wanted the opportunity to improve his English. B He wanted to discover traditional Australian customs. C He wanted to learn typical Australian sports. 2 Finn says he thinks he experienced culture shock because A Australian culture is very different to German culture. B it’s part of getting used to living in another country. C the people he met were all very kind and caring. 3 How does Finn say he felt when he arrived in Australia? A He needed more time to organise everything. B He recognised things he’d expected to see. C His new experiences didn’t seem real. 4 How did things change for him after a few weeks? A He became more aware of Australia’s different way of life. B He often wished that people could speak German. C He couldn’t make up his mind about living in Australia. 1

3 Do you think you would like to spend a year in Australia? Why / Why not?

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT |

CHECKING UNDERSTANDING AND LISTENING ACTIVELY

1 ASKING CLARIFYING QUESTIONS TO CHECK UNDERSTANDING

m Ca

(explain / a / you / bit / can)

(ever / haven’t / you)

more?

seen it?

(you / mean / do)

statues and buildings and things like that?

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

protected?

Other questions I can ask to check understanding:

‘conkers’?

(they / already / aren’t)

in Put the words order to make questions.

(do / by / mean / what / you)

Tip

Use at least one question in every discussion. Even if you think you understand someone, it’s good to check to make sure.

2 LISTENING ACTIVELY AND

RESPONDING CONFIDENTLY

Language I can use to respond

How can I show I am listening?

How confident do I feel in discussions?

Tip Responding confidently doesn’t just mean having original ideas and explaining them. It also means reacting appropriately to what other people say and giving your opinion about their ideas. 90

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT

Things I can do to feel confident in a discussion:

more. ! it. agree. about … true.

Absolutely I completely That’s so I couldn’t disagree That’s not how I see I can’t agree with you

3 USING FORMAL OR INFORMAL LANGUAGE

ORACY 5

DEPENDING ON THE CONTEXT

Formal contexts

Informal contexts

m Ca

asking a stranger for directions

an interview for an internship

thanking a friend for their help

international student exchange party

br U

s. Add more idea

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Tip

Formal sentences are generally longer and contain more sophisticated vocabulary and grammar.

Formal expressions

Informal expressions

I’m afraid I don’t understand.

I don’t get it.

After the discussion I did these things well:

I’ve got better at:

ur Look back at yo k and add Student’s Boo ns. more expressio

I need to keep working on:

show Draw a face to how you feel.

I can …

• use appropriate questions to check • • •

SELF-EVALUATION

Phrases I would like to use in my next discussion:

I understand. listen actively and respond with confidence in a discussion. use the right level of formality with my classmates and teacher. react positively to other people’s ideas.

UNIT 10 SAME BUT DIFFERENT |

REVIEW 5 UNITS 9 & 10 VOCABULARY 1

1 Complete the text with the phrases in the box.

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

can write could be don’t have to restrict has to relate may interpret must be mustn’t copy need to submit should write

cram focus get distracted grasp learn things by heart motivated revise strategy test yourself to-do list

m Ca

GRAMMAR 1

the words in the box.

Here are the rules for the school writing competition.

This year’s theme is Learning.

the theme in any way

You 4 you like.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Your writing 1 in some way to the theme of learning, but you 2 this to formal education. about any kind of You 3 learning situation.

My sister plays classical music when she does her homework. She says it stops her . It doesn’t work for me! I can’t unless there’s complete silence. I never could mathematics until this year, but the new maths teacher is really good at explaining things. Now I feel a lot more . Sometimes I think that is a waste of time. There’s no need to so much into our brains nowadays, we can just look things up. Making a would be a great if I remembered to look at it! Everyone says I should when I for exams, but I’m not very good at it. Maybe I should get my parents to ask me questions.

Your piece 5 a story or something factual. It’s totally up to you.

Your entry 6 original work.

your own

You 7 from the internet or use an artificial intelligence programme (we will check!). You 8 1,000 words.

between 800 and

You 9 30th April.

your entry by

2 Complete the sentences with the correct past

2 Complete the text by replacing the words in bold with the correct form of the phrases in the box. bear in mind cross your mind have a lot on your mind in two minds pick somebody’s brain put your mind to something rack your brain

perfect form of the words in brackets. 1 2

Review 5

Elena is worrying about a lot of things 1 at the moment. Her job involves a lot of responsibility. When she first started, she thought it was her dream job. It never occurred to her 2 that it would be so stressful. Now she’s thinking of looking for another job, but she’s being indecisive 3 about it. It’s not an easy decision because she has to consider 4 that finding another job as well paid as this one won’t be easy. Now she is thinking hard 5 to find someone who will give her good advice. Then she can ask for their opinion 6 about what she should do. Still, Elena is very determined, and once she decides to do something 7 , she’s usually successful.

My neighbour (take) his driving test four times before he finally passed. Sue (wait) at the bus stop for half an hour, but the bus still (not come). I (work) really hard, so I (not notice) that the library was closing. The teachers (give) us so much homework that it took me all evening to finish. After Jamie (look) for his keys for half an hour, he finally found them in a kitchen cupboard!

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Complete the text with the correct active or

1 Complete the text with the noun form of the words

passive form of the verbs in brackets.

in the box. Use a suffix.

appreciate attend enjoy guide improve

m Ca

The Pyramids of Giza, near Cairo, 1 (be) over 4,500 years old. However, it still 2 (not know) 3 exactly how they (construct). Many ancient artefacts 4 (find) there over the years and work 5 (still continue) to unearth hidden treasures today. Since 2015, infrared cameras, 3D scanners and other modern technology 6 (use) to explore the Great Pyramid. In 2023, it 7 (announce) that a hidden 8 corridor (discover), but archaeologists 9 (not know) the purpose of the corridor yet. More work still needs to 10 (do) to uncover the Pyramids’ secrets.

There is now a growing 1 of the need to conserve ancient monuments to prevent damage from tourism. My job as a conservationist is to give 2 to the authorities about ways to do this so there is a(n) 3 in the way we protect monuments. The increased 4 of tourists at major cultural sites which has been seen over the last thirty years is hugely positive, but action must be taken now so that 5 of our historic sites by everyone can continue.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

2 Write the statements and requests in reported speech.

‘Can you help me with the dinner?’ asked mum. My . 2 ‘I’ve been to the art exhibition,’ Flora said to Charlie. Flora told . 3 ‘I can’t play tennis tomorrow because I’m going to the dentist,’ Jo said to her friend. Jo told . 4 ‘Could you buy some popcorn for the film?’ Dani asked me. 1

5 ‘We didn’t go to the bookshop as there wasn’t

time,’ Ollie said to Bet. Ollie told

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 9 and 10.

l earning and study expressions with brain and mind noun suffixes culture and cultural differences 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that you have improved in the most. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you think you will use most in future.

Review 5

odals of obligation, prohibition, m permission, necessity and advice past perfect simple and continuous passive reported statements and requests 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you have improved in the most. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you’ll use most in future.

When we look at ancient 4 civilisations / cultural sensitivity and their customs and beliefs, I think we need to appreciate the historical context. We can’t judge the past with the 5 culture shock / values of today. What was 6 culturally acceptable / stereotype 3,000 years ago is sure to be different from today.

3 Look back at your work in Units 9 and 10.

Is it becoming more difficult to keep 1 globalisation / local customs alive, as we see life changing and old beliefs dying? Last week I watched a dance ceremony to bring rain, but while it was beautiful, this 2 diversity / tradition has limited relevance in our scientific age. Maybe performing the rain dance only serves to continue the 3 culture shock / stereotype that the people who perform it are somewhat primitive. What do you think?

PRONUNCIATION UNIT 1

2 Copy the table. Write the words in the correct column according to the s sound.

WORD STRESS

beaks c ats claws feathers fins h oofs hooves horns paws scales shells tails wings

m Ca

1.2 Listen and repeat.

residential local facilities outskirts pedestrian zone urban transport links culturally diverse overcrowded rural suburbs

2 Match the words and phrases from Exercise 1 to the stress patterns.

3 5

USED TO AND BE / GET USED TO 1

2 Circle the words or syllables that are pronounced /tə/. Cross out any silent letters. 1

UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES: /ə/ OR /ɪ/ 2.2 Listen and repeat. /ə/ BANK account

/ɪ/ MOney

/ə/ /ɪ/ CURRency

2 Underline the stressed syllable in each word or

phrase. Then circle any syllables with the sound /ə/ or /ɪ/. allowance economy budget put aside standard of living unaffordable wealthy

3 He isn’t used to working.

4 They were used to looking cool.

VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND OR TO + INFINITIVE: /tə/ AND /ŋ/ 1

to + infinitive

3 94

| PRONUNCIATION

5.3 Copy the table. Listen to the phrases and write them in the correct column. gerund

5.4 Listen, check and repeat.

PLURAL NOUNS: /S/ AND /Z/ Plural nouns ending in s have either an /s/ sound or a /z/ sound. /s/ sharks snakes mammoths /z/ dogs bees birds

5.2 Listen and repeat.

In infinitive phrases, the word to is pronounced /tə/ when the second verb begins with a consonant. /tə/ /tə/ /tə/ love to share hopes to become need to get In gerund phrases, the -ing ending is never stressed. /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ/ loves trying recommend going avoid eating

2.3 Listen, check and repeat.

3.2 Listen and repeat.

4.3 Listen, check and repeat.

UNIT 5

UNIT 3 1

They didn’t use to wear them.

2 She used to make her own clothes.

4.2 Listen and repeat.

/tə/ /tə/ I got used to going. She used to go. /tə/ He was used to going.

1.3 Listen, check and repeat.

UNIT 2

3.3 Listen, check and repeat.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

ooOo oOooo Ooo oooOoo oooooO Oo

/z/

UNIT 4

/s/

UNIT 6

UNIT 9

SENTENCE STRESS: ADVERBS OF DEGREE

SENTENCE STRESS: REINFORCING IMPORTANT POINTS

6.2 Listen and repeat.

m Ca

But isn’t that incredibly unlikely? I think it’s fairly accurate. The team played really badly today. He sounded slightly anxious about it.

2 Mark the stressed words or syllables in each

sentence. 1

4 5

6.3 Listen, check and repeat.

7.2 Listen and repeat. Which words contain the sound /æ/? backpacking staycation gap holiday

phone. 3 You should definitely take a break sometimes. 4 The biggest advantage of this is it helps you

remember everything.

9.3 Listen, check and repeat.

UNIT 10

NOUN SUFFIXES: /ʒən/ AND

/ʃən/ 1

10.2 Listen and repeat. Then answer the questions.

2 Mark the syllables which contain the sound /æ/.

appreciation expression confusion attention

Which spelling (-tion, -ssion or -sion) is pronounced /ʒən/? 2 Which spelling (-tion or -sion) is pronounced /ʃən/ ? 1

activity adventure camping package advantage travel impact agree

7.3 Listen, check and repeat.

UNIT 8

2 Copy the table. Write the words in the correct column according to the suffix.

conclusion c onversation d iscussion expectation participation revision situation television

HAVE YOU EVER, HAS HE EVER, HAS SHE EVER … ? 8.2 Listen and repeat. Match the sentences (1–3) to the correct pronunciation (a–c).

/ʃən/

Have you ever Have you ever been skiing? 2 Has she ever Has she ever done a bungee jump? 3 Has he ever Has he ever scored a goal?

/ʒən/

2 3

b /hæfjʊ̈evə/

c /hæʃɪevə/

a /hæzɪevə/

That’s why everybody should try it.

2 It’s not a good idea to keep looking at your

UNIT 7 /æ/ 1

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

phrases in bold.

She was extremely pleased to get the job. It’s quite difficult to imagine. It was a pretty dramatic moment. Are you absolutely certain they said that? This curry is rather hot for me. This game is very addictive!

2 Mark the most important word to emphasise in the

9.2 Listen and repeat. Which word in the phrases in bold is emphasised? One of the best things you can do is test yourself. I strongly recommend testing yourself.

10.3 Listen, check and repeat.

8.3 Listen and write the sentences you hear. You will hear each sentence twice. 8.4 Listen, check and repeat.

PRONUNCIATION

VOCABULARY BUILDER UNIT 1 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 1? Use the letters and the number of letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

m Ca

WHERE WE LIVE 1

5 7 9

t l z

(9,5) (10,4) (5,10)

(9)

(11)

15 16 17 18 19 20

b i o g b m g p n i

(4) w

(8, 4) (10)

(7) (6) (10) (6) i

(11, 2)

(7) (8)

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

(11)

(5)

f (5)

11 12

(10,7)

(7)

COMMUNITY AND CONNECTION d

c s o r t p l u o r

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the definitions with the words and phrases in the box.

2 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page. Search

commute hometown leisure centre local authority main road neighbourhood sense of community town hall youth club 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to where we live or community. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

VOCABULARY BUILDER

The area where you live is your . A is a place where you can do sports and other activities. You if you travel some distance to and from work from your home. The place where you were brought up is your . The is a building where local government officials work. A is a place with activities for young people, usually in the evening. The organisation that has responsibility for local services and taxes is the . A is the feeling that people help each other in the area where they live. A is usually wider than a side street, and it often has a lot of traffic.

When Josh got his first job in the city, he didn’t want to move away from his 1 . All his friends lived there, and it was the place he felt he 2 , so he decided to 3 every day by train. It was quite a long way away, but the 4 were good, so he was optimistic. However, it was hard to find a seat on the train because it was always 5 and it took ages to get to and from work. At the weekend Josh was too tired to see his friends or go to the 6 to exercise. In the end, he found a shared flat in the city. His new 7 was quite near the city centre. It was lively and 8 , with people and food from all over the world. There were also good 9 for exercising and relaxing at the weekend and soon Josh began to enjoy his new 10 lifestyle.

UNIT 2 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the money and shopping vocabulary from Unit 2? Use the first letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH MONEY b w p a d l e b m p u s

m Ca

2 3

7 9 10

SHOPPING 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

s b e i b p o c u c

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the definitions with the words and phrases in the box.

bank card banking app budget (v) independent shop online retailer refund (n) refund (v) splash out 1

5 6 7

Many of us love 1 on our favourite websites to see what’s on offer. These days it’s so easy to shop online as long as you have a(n) 2 to pay with. However, be careful, are less than honest. If as some 3 and find it you’re living on a tight 4 , it’s tempting to go for difficult to 5 the cheapest option, but sometimes, products which like this are too good to be are on 6 true. Typical online tricks are to say that the original offer , and then to offer you something is 7 more expensive instead. Or they send you something that isn’t at all like the advertised product, and then . Probably the refuse to give you a(n) 8 best strategy when you’re shopping online is to think about it for a while before you click on ‘pay’.

A shop which is not part of a chain is a(n) . When you buy things online, you often need to use a(n) to pay for them. A(n) sells goods via a website. To means to decide how much money to spend on different things. If you spend a lot on something, you . To check your bank account on your phone, you need to download a(n) . If a product doesn’t work, the shop has to give you a(n) . They have to your money.

BEWARE OF ONLINE DEALS

Bruno went on the website of a(n) 1 that specialises in basketball shoes, and he saw some he really liked. They were expensive, but he decided to 2 for once, and he paid for 3 them with his . 2 I prefer to shop at a small 4 , where the food is good quality. It can be expensive, but if I 5 carefully, I can usually afford it. I’ve got a(n) 6 on my phone which helps me control my spending. 3 Last week Anya bought a video game at a shop in town, but it didn’t work, so she went back to the shop to return it. They didn’t want to give Anya a(n) 7 and offered her a credit note, but she told them that was illegal! In the end they agreed to 8 her money. 1

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page.

Exercise 1.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

a e

2 Complete the texts using the vocabulary from

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to money and shopping. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

VOCABULARY BUILDER |

UNIT 3 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the text with vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Can you remember the environment and animals vocabulary from Unit 3? Use the first letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 1

m Ca

2 3

4 5

11 12

9 10

w l

d f o o a s w g l h r u

15 16 17 18

p s c w f f

b t s f h h

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

DESCRIBING ANIMALS 13

22 23

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the definitions with the words and phrases in the box.

biodiversity conservation area endangered (species) habitat reintroduce (species) renewable energy rewild wildlife sanctuary 1 2 3

7 8

VOCABULARY BUILDER

Species 1 is occurring at a faster rate than at any time in modern history. Species die out due to the disappearance of their 2 , for example 3 takes place, when or because global 4 and lack of rain affect the ecosystem. It’s not all bad news, though. To fight against the problem, scientists in many parts of the world native species are starting to 5 into areas where they had disappeared. Projects areas can also help to fight to 6 7 . There are also air and water surprising pieces of good news from time to time. species Recently, a rare and 8 of echidna, was photographed on a remote camera in the Cyclops Mountains of Indonesia. It like an anteater for has a long 9 finding its food, and its body is covered in brown 10 , as well as sharp spikes.

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to the environment or animals. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

Use one word in each gap.

A place where animals are protected from predators is a(n) . The natural home or environment of a plant or . animal is its A(n) is a place which is protected from changes that would damage it. Wind power, hydroelectric power or solar power are forms of . We a place when we restore it to its natural uncultivated state. A species is if its numbers are falling and it may disappear altogether. is the number and types of plants and animals in a particular place. We a species to an area where it once lived.

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page.

The fight to help the environment comes in many forms. Sometimes, it involves leaving nature alone: around the world, more and more 1 are being created on land and in the sea. One of these is the Wolong 2 in Sichuan in China, a restricted area set up to protect the giant panda, which is an 3 species. In other places, farmers 4 areas they once used to are grow crops, in the hope that handing control . back to nature will increase 5 Sometimes however, helping the environment requires a more active role. With our demand for electricity unlikely to reduce any time soon, using 6 instead of fossil fuels is one further way to protect our planet.

UNIT 4 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 4? Use the letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES 1 3

4 5

10 11

d d

16 17 18 19 20 21

f w a i d d u g l

f o f u c o

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the definitions with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box.

designer label fashion icon go with (something) look good in (something) sense of style smart casual suit (someone) vintage clothing 1

5 6 7 8

Sixty years ago, the clothes that teenagers wore were quite boring and traditional. Young people didn’t really 1 in the same way that they do now. Now there are many different 2 to choose from, like over-sized clothes or vintage-inspired, and styles go in and 3 regularly. Clothes are a 4 lot more , too, with all colours of the rainbow. The fashion rules about what 5 what are now much less rigid, and young people can 6 in party clothes for a social occasion or just wear casual clothes. Some young people try to dress like a(n) 7 they admire, while others develop their own unique 8 , 9 maybe by using like jewellery, belts or scarves to complement their clothes. These days you can wear whatever 10 you!

The evolution of FASHION

A look which is neat and stylish but not too formal is called . A is a famous company that makes expensive fashion items. When you look good in something, we say it you. A famous person whose style is admired and copied is a(n) . We say a person who is good at dressing well has a(n) . We describe clothes which are good examples of styles from the past as . To give someone a compliment about what they are wearing, we can say they it. If one piece of clothing looks good with another one, it it.

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page.

FASHION 13

I love going to fashion icon / vintage clothing shops. You can often find clothes from designer labels / smart casual. At my dad’s office they can wear smart casual / designer label clothing and he doesn’t need to wear a suit and tie. I find it hard to decide which trousers go with / look good in which shirts or jumpers. Some musicians have become designer labels / fashion icons for young people, especially if they have their own individual sense of style / vintage clothing. My friend Alexi looks good in / suits her any style of clothes. That coat suits / looks good you, but that one doesn’t at all!

l l

sentences.

m Ca

f b z t c h s s b f b s

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to clothes and fashion. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

VOCABULARY BUILDER

UNIT 5 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 5? Use the letters and words to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences. 1

FOOD AND HEALTH o

4 5

7 9 10 11

(sugar) – f a (vitamins) d r i (calcium) l i (calories) s o w (grain) h i (protein)

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the definitions with the words and phrases in the box.

additive bland go off mineral overcooked preservative raw savoury vitamin 1

2 3

7 8 9

100

VOCABULARY BUILDER

OUR SUPPLEMENTS! If you have a(n) 1 , you may need and 3 extra 2 in order to maintain a healthy body. Our delicious food supplements are and 4 5 these essential substances, so nutrients for are an excellent 6 people who have a busy and energetic lifestyle. Taking our supplements just once a day will 7 you and make a big difference to your health! Try out our supplements with sixteen 8 essential nutrients as part of a 9 and you will never look back!

BOOST YOUR HEALTH WITH

A(n) is a substance added to keep a food in good condition and stop it going bad. When you cook food for too long, it is . C. Oranges are a great source of A(n) is a chemical, like calcium, that the body needs for good health. Some foods if they aren’t kept in the fridge. A food is when it isn’t cooked at all. When food has very little taste, it is . food is salty or spicy and the opposite of sweet. A(n) is a substance added to processed food to improve it.

3 Complete the advert with vocabulary from this page.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

NUTRITION

m Ca

c b p n d o j p l i s p

My dad always gives us overcooked / savoury vegetables, but my sister, who hates that, cooked some vegetables so quickly the other day that they were more or less overcooked / raw! I like additive / savoury food (as long as it’s not too spicy), but my brother says that if food doesn’t have a lot of seasoning, it’s too bland / raw for him. Processed food usually contains preservatives / vitamins which stop it going off / raw too quickly. I always read the ingredients on the label to see what additives / going off there are. Sometimes the food manufacturing process reduces or kills off savoury / vitamins like B complex, and bland / minerals, like iron. When that happens, the manufacturers often put them back later in the process.

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to food, health and nutrition. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

UNIT 6 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 6? Use the letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

PHRASAL VERBS AND TECHNOLOGY 1

u d

2 s

m Ca

3 s

5 p

12 13

14 15

6 l

u i o

4 c

NEGATIVE PREFIXES

7 g

8 s

10 s

9 l

u i

1 Complete the definitions with the words and phrases in

the box.

computer virus cybercrime device encrypted message hardware software upgrade (n) wireless network 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

21 22

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

i g d d k i m u mf i r n r t i i l i p e u p d i x v i g r

refers to the physical and electronic parts of a computer system. You use a(n) to connect to the internet without the need for a cable. An electronic is a piece of equipment like a tablet, phone or e-book. A(n) is a computer program which can stop the computer working normally. Illegal activity which is done using the internet is . When you get a(n) , you replace something with a better device or system. When you send a(n) , it’s in a secret code which can’t be read by outsiders. Computer programs are known as .

virus / device.

A: I’ve got a problem with my laptop. It’s got a 1 computer

The other day our teacher, Mrs West, told us that from now on we should do our homework on an electronic 1 , like a tablet or laptop, instead of writing by hand. She said most of us had 2 handwriting, which was impossible to read. Mrs West said it was easier for us to check things, too. When we finish our work, we can 3 through it and if we find something that’s 4 , it’s much neater and easier to change than if we had to cross it out on a piece of paper. And we can 5 up our work so we don’t lose it. My problem would be if the internet went 6 and I couldn’t upload something, but Mrs West pointed out that there are wireless 7 in lots of places that we could use instead. She said we don’t need to 8 out our work to give to her, either. We can send it digitally, which saves paper and ink. Mrs West also reminded us we need to have good anti-virus 9 to protect our devices and hers.

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the conversation.

page. Write one word in each gap.

A: The 2 hardware/ upgrade is fine, but I had to download

anti-virus 3 software / cybercrime to clean it all up. B: Had it spread to your other 4 devices / viruses? A: No, they seem to be fine. B: There’s so much 5 cybercrime / software around nowadays. Thank goodness this system uses 6 computer viruses / encrypted messages.

B: Really? Is it bad?

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to technology. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

VOCABULARY BUILDER |

101

UNIT 7 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 7? Use the letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

COLLOCATIONS WITH TRAVEL, TRIP AND JOURNEY

HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL a

2 g

y h p y

g h

m Ca

3 w

b 12 b 11

k e h

i–b h h

y m e h k

10 m

9 a

y b

8 e

g h

14 t

5 c

7 p

4 s

6 c

19 20 21 22 24

t b t t a t t j t j

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

c t f b t d r r g o

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the texts. My family are going to one of our favourite 1 holiday resorts / bookings in northern Spain this year. My parents were looking for a 2 half-board / self-catering holiday in a villa, but then they realised it would be almost as cheap to stay in a hotel with 3 half board / holiday resort. Having breakfast provided and either lunch or dinner would mean a lot less work for everyone. And even at the villa we would probably eat out once a day, so we went ahead and made the 4 booking / cancellation.

VOCABULARY BUILDER

ow my grandparents have both retired, they have a new hobby: foreign 1 . You might imagine that to places they go on short city 2 , or like Paris or Prague for a long 3 maybe a week or two at a holiday 4 on the Mediterranean coast. Well, you’d be wrong! The trips they plan are more like 5 holidays to exotic and wonderful places! They agent which discovered an online 6 , like specialises in unusual train 7 the ‘Toy Train’ to the Himalayas in India, or the bullet train in Japan, or the Orient Express through Europe! for you, The agency makes all the 8 for both the rail travel and accommodation in hotels. And my grandparents are sometimes away for a month! It’s not all by train, though. Sometimes the is by plane. return 9

102

Use one word in each gap.

Carlos and Mari had a 5 long weekend / self-catering holiday coming up, so they decided to take a city break to Amsterdam and stay in a youth hostel. To save money on the flight, they didn’t pay to check in a suitcase. They each had a 6 booking / carry-on bag instead, because you don’t need much for a weekend! However, when they got to the airport, their flight was 7 cancellation / cancelled due to a problem with the plane. Luckily, though, they managed to find a flight with another airline, so the 8 cancellation / cancel didn’t spoil their weekend.

2 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page.

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to holidays and travel. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

UNIT 8 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 8? Use the letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

COMPETITION AND CHALLENGE s c t s f t r h p

m Ca

2 3

a t a c h y a c

a l

9 c

12 13 14 15 16 17

t d c s c i n

t r r

10 f

t r r r

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the definitions with the words and phrases in the box.

athlete competitive draw referee strenuous exercise teammate tournament work out 1 2

6 7 8

YOUR TURN

Last week my city 1 an and I went international athletics along. It started me thinking. To many people, , the life of a professional 2 who we usually see on television when they 3 , second or third and win a medal, seems very glamorous. It’s easy to forget the sacrifices they make so that they . First, they must can be 4 5 , often for years and more than once every day, doing as much as they can but not too much, so they don’t 6 . That’s why having an to organise these experienced 7 sessions is so important. Then they need a(n) 8 to help them plan their diet; imagine being told what not to eat! Basically, you don’t just need talent, you also need dedication, and I don’t think most of us could 9 a challenge like that.

A(n) is a person who is very good at sport and may enter competitions. A person who really wants to do well is . , you exercise at the gym If you to improve your strength and appearance. A match is a(n) if both teams have the same score at the end. The person in a sports game who makes sure players follow the rules is the . When you train really hard, you do . A(n) is a competition where lots of teams or players play each other. Another person in your team is your .

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page.

I realised last year that I needed to get fit. I never did any exercise at all, and certainly not any 6 , so I signed up to a gym. The trainers there were very helpful and showed me what to do and how everything worked. I started to 7 every day, and I enjoy it. Although I’m never going to be a great 8 , I’m fitter and healthier than before and now I also have a great group of friends there, too.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

SUFFIXES FOR PERSONAL NOUNS 11

My 1 and I train hard, and in matches we’re really 2 , because we want to win. But last week in a match the 3 told us to calm down! We were winning 1–0, but then the other team scored, and the final result was a(n) 4 . Still, that match was part of an all-day 5 , and we did well. In fact, we won the cup!

an i

2 Complete the texts with vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Find two more new words related to sport, competition and challenge. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

VOCABULARY BUILDER

103

UNIT 9 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 9? Use the letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

LEARNING AND STUDY

EXPRESSIONS WITH BRAIN AND MIND

2 g

m Ca

3 l

4 t

–d

5 m

6 c 8 r

b r b c h p p b

y y t

y a l s y

m b m o

m ’

m s

b t

s i

9 f 10 t

7 g

t t t t t t t t

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

Shania started having problems at school in 10th grade. She found it difficult to 1 concentrate on / specialise in her work, and as a result she was 2 falling behind / keeping up. In her year group, the students had to do a lot of 3 coursework / qualifications, and most of that was 4 assignments / tutorials that they needed to complete for homework. So, it was important for Shania to 5 keep up with / specialise in all the things she was supposed to do. Her teacher was surprised because Shania had always

concentrated on / got high marks before, but in her last project she had 7 got a low mark / done coursework. So, she asked Shania to come to a 8 qualification / tutorial to talk about things. They discussed strategies for organising her work. Shania explained that she loved science and she wanted to 9 get behind in / specialise in physics and chemistry so that she could get the 10 assignments / qualifications she needed to study engineering at university. Together, Shania and her teacher made a study plan to help her get back on track. 6

2 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page.

Find two more new words related to learning and study. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

104

VOCABULARY BUILDER

YOUR TURN

When I was growing up in New Zealand, we had spelling tests at school every week. I love words, so I was 1 to do well. When I was writing compositions, I 2 on the spelling and imagined I was taking part in a spelling bee. These are competitions where young people compete to spell to spell unusual or long words. It’s a big thing in the USA. Young competitors have to 3 , and then spell them thousands of words for the out immediately with no time to 4 correct spelling! I suppose this might be a situation where for winning a spelling bee is the best 5 as much of the dictionary into your to 6 brain as you can. In order to win a competition like this, as you revise you really have to learn to 7 as a way to help you memorise the words. I think if I tried to do this, though, I would probably 8 by something more entertaining long before I was ready to compete.

UNIT 10 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 10? Use the letters to help you. Check you know what each word/phrase means.

CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

NOUN SUFFIXES 1

14 s

2 a

m Ca

3 k

4 e

5 o

e e n t

8 e

20 21

d g c c v c t l c

n l c

s y a

A person who has come to a country to live is a(n) . When you adopt the customs, values and behaviour of a culture or society, you it. A(n) is someone who has to leave their home to escape natural disaster or war. Your is the past traditions, language or buildings of a culture that are still important now. To is to leave your country to go and live in another country. To stop something like a language or tradition from disappearing is to it. Your is your sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. is being a member of a country and having rights, like being able to vote.

2 Complete the conversation with vocabulary from this page. Write one word in each gap.

A: As an anthropologist, you’ve lived all over the world. Do you have a preference for a particular place?

B: No, I don’t think so. I’ve loved them all in different ways. The most important thing I’ve learned is that the 1 that people in different countries have, like 2 and sympathy, are often the same from one country to the next. It’s easy to believe 3 , but that’s not a good way to understand people. And I love discovering each country’s local 4 . They are a(n) 5 of that country’s 6 , and it’s great to see that often local people are really aware of the need to 7 them for future generations. A: I suppose travelling really does give you a(n) 8 of cultural diversity.

B: That’s true, although in these times of increased 9 , as well as more immigration, there’s diversity within countries as much as between them. So, it’s important to be culturally sensitive wherever you live.

e s

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

citizenship cultural identity emigrate heritage immigrant integrate into (a new social situation) refugee preserve (something)

phrases in the box.

l s

1 Complete the definitions with the words and

n n

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

e y

e s 13 a 11

17 18

7 c

10 j

6 a

9 g

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to culture and cultural differences. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning. ,

VOCABULARY BUILDER

| 105

MY STUDY JOURNAL UNITS 1 AND 2

Look back at the Student’s Book for ideas.

1 Write vocabulary in the shapes.

m Ca

Your own category Adjectives connected to community or money

Places connected to your community (e.g. local facilities)

pedestrian zone

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

These could exist or be on your wish list!

2 Complete the phrases with prepositions. Then

draw a picture next to each phrase to help you remember the meaning.

Find your inner Picasso!

3 Can you remember what grammar from Units 1 and 2 the sentences in Exercise 4 use?

4 Complete the sentences so they are true for you. 1

At the moment I’m

ing.

2 When I was little, I used to / didn’t use to 3 I often

IN OFF ON OUT WITH

in order to

6 My favourite piece of advice is

with

4 I was going home the other day when 5 Wanting to

identify

7 I hadn’t

. . .

until I

5 How many ways can you think of to modify

pay

this word using modifying comparatives and superlatives?

offer

quick

There are a lot!

stock

6 Match 1–4 to a–d. Underline the linking words.

Then try to think of alternative endings for a–d. 1

live

He didn’t have much money as

2 He bought a concert ticket. As a result, 3 He saved money for six months. However, 4 He saved all his money to

sold

a it still wasn’t enough for a new phone. b pay for his visit to London. c he had no money left to go out. d he had bought a new jacket.

106

| MY STUDY JOURNAL

participate

UNITS 3 AND 4

3 Read the sentences. Has the person a) moved to

1 Find the environmental issues in the dominoes.

Then make your own dominoes with vocabulary related to fashion. fishing

m Ca

fuels

5 I think I’ll make lots of new friends.

Which sentence(s) is/are about … the past? the future? a situation happening now? Now choose one of the other situations (a, b or c) and write sentences like the ones in 1–5 about it.

household

land

id sprawl

I’m going to have a great time.

2 I used to live at home. 4 I’m not used to finding my way around here.

over

pollution

3 I’m getting used to cooking for myself.

fossil fill

the country, b) started university or c) started a new job?

water

urban

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

waste

Write your own ideas here.

4 Number the adjective categories in the order they go before a noun.

age opinion

material colour

size pattern

I’ve just bought a great, baggy, striped, black and blue, cotton sweatshirt.

Don’t buy that ugly, uncomfortable, old, leather sofa.

2 Can you finish this description of an animal? I love bald eagles. Their head and t white, but the rest of their

are

are dark brown. Their legs and are bright yellow. Their

are big, and they have strong feet

correct order for each of these categories. an item of clothing something for your room a present for a friend

to catch small animals.

and sharp c

5 Choose an object and add three adjectives in the

f b

Use these examples to help you.

You only have 3 adjectives, so choose wisely!

Now write a description of your favourite animal! MY STUDY JOURNAL

107

UNITS 5 AND 6 1 Find the verbs in the wordsnake. Put them with the correct preposition below to make phrasal verbs

W PICUTDO

V LE

IVEGAPS

TA N

L ER

RINT

K AC

C S YS H U T I OA G N

m Ca

There are 10 verbs, but some can go with more than one preposition!

connected to food and health and technology.

ONSHLOG

br in

out

down

through

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 2 Write words to follow each prefix. Can you get to 20 words in total?

5 Match 1–4 to a–d.

When you live in a city, 2 I tried to fix my laptop, but 3 I didn’t have much time, but 4 If you need help with the party, 1

IM-

It’s definitely not impossible!

a I’ll come over to your house early.

IN-

DIS-

b I managed to finish my essay.

IL-

IR-

UN-

is high in contains is is low in should have

choose from. d I couldn’t work out what the problem was.

6 What helped you choose your

3 Write sentences using the words in the table and your own ideas. A poor diet Processed food A balanced diet Organic food

c there are lots of restaurants to

-free.

answers to Exercise 5?

Which sentence(s) contains: a zero conditional? a first conditional? a past modal of ability?

Now write a new sentence for each pattern.

m 7 How many adverbs of degree can you think of which end in -ly?

We stopped to buy an ice cream. 2 We stopped buying so much ice cream. 1

a We interrupted our journey and bought an ice cream. b We no longer buy so much ice cream.

Can you think of any other verbs like this from Unit 5?

108

| MY STUDY JOURNAL

It’s really easy!

4 Match sentences (1–2) to the sentences (a–b) with the same meaning.

UNITS 7 AND 8

4 Complete the sentences using a

1 How many types of holidays or trips can you

remember? Write them here. Tick ✓ the ones you’ve been on. Put stars* next to the ones you’d like to go on.

a Ascape is a company

m Ca id

sells virtual reality holidays. b One place sustainable tourism is promoted is Jordan. c Orhan Pamuk was the Turkish writer created the Museum of Innocence. d E-sports, are recognised in many countries, will be in the next Olympic Games.

5 Find 14 linking words or phrases in the word search.

2 Can you make six verb + noun collocations

connected with competition and challenge from the dominoes? suffer

a team

a challenge

hold

promote

an injury

a competition

You will find some in Unit 8 but there are more.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Use the visuals to help you!

your life

The information is in Units 7 & 8 of the Student’s Book.

different relative pronoun each time. Then decide if the sentences are true or false.

a lifestyle

support

face

6 Match 1–3 to a–c.

risk

3 How many verbs can go in this sentence to make

b for three weeks already! c last year.

Write the sentence number and the name of the tense: 1 Which sentence describes an action completed in the past? 2 Which sentence describes an action from the past up to now? 3 Which sentence describes an action repeated over time up to the present?

Piet is a good +er Can you think of two other suffixes we use like this? Write them in the circles and then think of two or three people for each one.

a since I was a kid.

people connected to sport?

I’ve been on holiday from school 2 I went on an activity holiday 3 We’ve been coming to this campsite 1

Write a sentence using each tense about you:

MY STUDY JOURNAL

109

UNITS 9 AND 10

3 Order the words in the puzzles to make sentences. Then write the reported speech for each one. Imagine who is speaking to who each time.

1 Here is a way to memorise vocabulary using translation and testing yourself. Try it!

This works for any vocabulary!

to get distracted

m Ca

could

the

book

you

pass

students

the

used

many

library

to be in two minds

to revise

to learn by heart

culture shock

strategy

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Write the translation of these words and phrases in the empty space on the right. 2 Cover the translations and look at the English. Say the translation out loud. Then check. If you get it wrong, go back to it again at the end. 3 Cover the English. Read the translation and say the English out loud. If it’s wrong, go back to it again at the end. 1

TIPS

organise

help

can

party

tomorrow

4 All these sentences have mistakes. Can you correct

Marco told me that he’s been to a concert last week.

Make your own vocabulary cards with the English word or phrase on one side and the translation in your own language on the other.

Test yourself! Make a pile of cards, read the English word or phrase, and say the translation.

4 That painting painted in the tenth century.

If you get the translation wrong, put the card to the bottom of the pile and try again!

6 We don’t need spend a lot of time at the museum.

these endings?

2 It was difficult, but I could finish the exam.

3 You mustn’t to forget to hand your work in later.

5 The new cultural centre won’t finish until next year.

5 Read the text and look at the timeline. Match the underlined verbs to the numbers in the timeline.

Malia turned around and quickly started walking in the opposite direction. She had been walking towards the city centre for five minutes before she’d realised that she was going the wrong way. She didn’t want to be late.

-ment

-ence -ness

Do you find any of these difficult to pronounce? Try starting with the end of the word (the stress is often near the end) and then work backwards, adding an extra syllable each time: ation isation vilisation civilisation MY STUDY JOURNAL

-ion

-ance

the

them?

2 Can you remember any nouns from Unit 10 with

110

you

Which action in the text was not completed?

MY ENGLISH PLANNER My weekly planner Tuesday

m Ca

Monday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Weekend

br Co

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U What time does school start and finish? Write the time.

My English Goals

Next, block out your English classes.

What would I like to be able to do in English? Understand a website, follow a conversation or something else? Write your goals here.

Finally, block out some time to do your English homework and revise.

My English Achievements

What have I achieved in English this year? watched a complete film in English read a short story in English

listened to a podcast in English

understood a website in English

Look back at this list at the end of the semester. How many can you now do? Write your own ideas here.

Write your own ideas here. MY ENGLISH PLANNER

111

Acknowledgements The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable. The publishers are grateful to the following contributors: EMC, text design and layouts; Daniel Summersgill, cover design; Sonica Studios, audio recordings; Jo Kent and Dulcie Fry, Editorial work; Annie Broadhead, exam reviewer. Key: U = Unit, VOC = Vocabulary, SJ = Study Journal.

m Ca

Text

Photography

The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images: U1: Nick Brundle Photography/Moment; HaizhanZheng/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Cavan Images; PT Images/Tetra images; Chagin/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kyonntra/ E+; AzmanJaka/E+; SergeyVButorin/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Yagi Studio/DigitalVision; U2: filadendron/E+; Martinan/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Paul Viant/DigitalVision; Mariya Borisova/Moment; Werner Dieterich/Westend61; REVIEW U1 & U2: haveseen/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3: Joana Villar/500px; Antonio Busiello/Moment; Aaltonen/500px; George Pachantouris/Moment; unkas_photo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U4: Phamai Techaphan/Moment; LightFieldStudios/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Akacin Phonsawat/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Urilux/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Courtney Hale/ E+; Grassetto/iStock/Getty Images Plus; ARTKucherenko/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Febriana Suwarningsih/iStock/Getty Images Plus; GeniusKp/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jupiterimages/Stockbyte; Rob Lewine/Tetra images; heinteh/iStock/Getty Images Plus; REVIEW U3 & U4: Kristian Bell/Moment; U5: Liudmila Chernetska/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Lucy Lambriex/DigitalVision; Deepak Sethi/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kali9/ E+; JohnnyGreig/E+; HakanEliacik/500px; Hispanolistic/E+; Maskot; martinedoucet/ E+; guruXOOX/iStock/Getty Images Plus; SolStock/E+; U6: Diy13/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Customdesigner/iStock/Getty Images Plus; FG Trade/E+; Amr Bo Shanab/Science Photo Library; MixMedia/E+; U7: Pgiam/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dallas and John Heaton/Corbis Documentary; Vesnaandjic/E+; Nico De Pasquale Photography/Moment; Nazar Rybak/E+; U8: Andrey Zhuravlev/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Quality Sport Images/ Getty Images Sport; Julian Finney/Staff/Getty Images Sport; Mark Kolbe/Staff/Getty Images Sport; ullstein bild; NurPhoto; Doug Pensinger/Getty Images Sport; REVIEW U7 & U8: Fiona McAllister Photography/Moment; U9: Eva-Katalin/E+; FangXiaNuo/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; mesh cube/iStock/Getty Images Plus; YinYang/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; FatCamera/E+; CM Dixon/Print Collector; Gekkfoto/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Maskot; AleksandarNakic/E+; U10: skynesher/E+; Constantinis/E+; Elva Etienne/Moment; fstop123/E+; AntonioGuillem/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Tara Moore/ DigitalVision; SDI Productions/E+; John Fedele/Tetra images; Alex Liew/E+; moisseyev/ iStock Editorial; © Marco Bottigelli/Moment; VOC: SolStock/E+; RgStudio/E+; Wolfgang Kaehler/LightRocket; Alena Zvereva/Moment; Olelole/E+; Westend61; Imgorthand/E+; Tim Stocker Photography/Moment; Jupiterimages/BananaStock; SJ: Miray Celebi Kaba/ DigitalVision Vectors; James F./500px. The following photographs are sourced from other libraries/sources. U10: Ambling Images/Alamy Stock Photo.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Illustrations U1–U4 and U6 –U10, SJ: Javier Joaquin.

Audios Audios produced by Sonica Studios Ltd.

Typeset Typesetting by eMC Design.

URLs

The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.