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Workbook

B2+

Vicki Anderson

CONTENTS page 4

UNIT 2: Guess what happened!

page 12

REVIEW 1: Units 1 & 2

page 20

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UNIT 1: Into the unknown

UNIT 3: Celebrating the best UNIT 4: Entertainment

page 22 page 30

page 38

UNIT 5: Nobody’s perfect!

page 40

UNIT 6: In the public eye

page 48

REVIEW 3: Units 5 & 6

page 56

UNIT 7: Decisions, decisions …

page 58

UNIT 8: Good citizens

page 66

REVIEW 4: Units 7 & 8

page 74

UNIT 9: A job for life?

page 76

UNIT 10: Personal maintenance

page 84

REVIEW 5: Units 9 & 10

page 92

PRONUNCIATION

page 94

VOCABULARY BUILDER AND EXTENSION

page 96

MY STUDY JOURNAL

page 106

MY ENGLISH PLANNER

page 111

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REVIEW 2: Units 3 & 4

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN VOCABULARY TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION

STRETCH! Write the words for travel and

exploration with the correct verbs. Use a or an where necessary. Then complete the sentences.

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1 Put the words in the correct categories. compass curiosity excursion expedition t orch G PS i tinerary safari sense of adventure sense of direction trek voyage

• for a short time: • for a longer time:

4 Two important qualities for an explorer:

• •

5 Two ways to navigate …

• using satellites: • using this with a map:

6 A person without this finds it easy to

get lost:

7 Something to help you see in the dark:

2 Choose the correct answers to complete the text.

I went on a(n) to some Greek ruins for my history class. We went by coach. My brother doesn’t possess a great . He never wants to travel anywhere new or exciting. In the 21st century, people on expeditions to the Antarctic navigate using , so they never get lost. My dad has always wanted to go on a to Everest base camp in the Himalayas. Last night we had no electricity in our street and I had to do my homework using a . My great-grandparents went on a to South Africa in a passenger ship. It took them seven weeks!

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3 Two ways to explore …

READING

1 Read the first paragraph of the blog post. Is the writer:

a) on a sailing holiday b) studying on a ship c) almost at the end of his voyage?

Home

My posts

Halfway there By Nico Rossi

Hi there! Today it’s my turn to write the blog on the ship’s website. We’ve been on this amazing ship for four long months already, which means that we’ve reached the end of the first semester, and we’re at the halfway stage of our study voyage. I’m really proud of the way I’ve adapted to living and studying at sea, and I’ve discovered a sense of adventure I never knew I had. In this blog post, I want to look back at this unbelievable experience.

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN

Pedro Álvares Cabral, a Portuguese sailor, didn’t have a good 4 sense of direction / trek. In 1500 he went on a(n) 5 excursion / voyage to India, but sailed too far southwest and became the first European to reach Brazil. He didn’t have the 6 curiosity / itinerary to explore either: he only stayed a few days and then sailed back.

In the Age of Exploration, Spain and Portugal sponsored 1 expeditions / safaris to new lands. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor with a great 2 GPS / sense of adventure, sailed west from Spain to find a new sea route to East Asia. He used a 3 compass / torch to navigate west across the Atlantic Ocean. After 33 days he reached the Bahamas, which he thought was Asia, or ‘the Indies’.

POSSESS / HAVE

Three words for journey … • to see animals: • on foot: • by sea: 2 A plan or schedule of a journey: 1

USE / HAVE

GO ON

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As you may remember, we set off from Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. The first couple of weeks were quite challenging. We had to absorb a lot of new information. There was a new daily routine on a boat to get used to, with people I’d never met before, as well as lots of nautical words to learn – some of them in Dutch! The crew are amazing, but right from the start we were learning how to sail the ship, how to navigate with GPS, and how to participate in night watch, when we take it in turns to look after the boat at night. I wasn’t expecting that! We also had to do galley duty – helping with the cooking in the ship’s kitchen. Of course, because there are lots of students, we didn’t do all of those things all the time. Some students had more sailing experience, so they showed people like me, with none, what to do, which was great. I’m a lot more confident now than I ever thought I’d be.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 5

2 For questions 1–6, read the text and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 1

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In the first paragraph Nico explains … A that he’s never written a blog before. B how quickly the first part of the voyage has gone. C why he feels a sense of achievement. D how incredible the experience has been. What does Nico say about the first two weeks? A He learned all his sailing knowledge from the crew. B He was surprised how quickly he had to do things. C He found it hard to learn to sail in Dutch. D He found working with other students stressful sometimes. What does Nico tell us about the other students? A They are not all fluent English speakers. B A few speak more than one language. C They like doing the same social activities. D Working together has helped to develop friendships. How has studying on the ship helped Nico? A He has realised that working alone is the best way to learn. B He has been able to decide what he wants to study later on. C He has developed his skills by doing projects with local residents. D He has learned the reasons for visiting places on the voyage. What does Nico say about bad weather at sea? A It didn’t cause him big problems with seasickness. B He wasn’t concerned about it thanks to the size of the ship. C There were quite a few severe storms during the voyage. D The crew members were unable to keep everyone calm in the first storm. In the blog Nico says … A he has learned a lot about himself on the voyage. B he feels overwhelmed by the amount of work on the ship. C he still needs to decide what to do when he leaves school. D he thinks the voyage has helped him feel more confident about travelling.

I’m sharing this adventure with 59 other high-school students from all over the world. We’re a really international bunch. On board we generally speak English, but most people speak two or even three languages! We have free time to relax every day, with activities in the evening to have fun and socialise. I’ve been helping to organise disco nights (I love dancing!), and there are karaoke and film nights, too. Definitely one of the best things about this experience is making friends. On a ship you really get to know people, especially if you’re on galley duty or night watch together.

Our studies are often linked to the history, culture and geography of the places we visit on the voyage. This semester we’ve visited Lisbon, València, Agadir, Dakar, Recife and Paramaribo. We’ve stopped in each place for a few days to go on excursions to cultural or historical sites and talk to local people. It’s a great way to learn. I’ve also been studying oceanography, which I now plan to continue at university. The classes are small, and we’re encouraged to develop the curiosity to discover things independently, as well as participate in group work. I’m so lucky to have this opportunity!

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN

Now we’ve arrived in Barbados for a short break before we start our second semester. The itinerary looks exciting. I never want this adventure to end!

Just as I was settling down to my life on board, there was a bad storm in the Atlantic Ocean, and lots of us got seasick. Thankfully it was the only time it happened to me, and it didn’t last long. The ship is big and weighs about 600 tons, but some of the waves were huge, so it was quite scary. Of course, the crew are used to storms and stayed relaxed. They told us that the ship had been built to cope with bad weather, so there was nothing to worry about. Since then, the sea has been mostly calm. Although we’ve had a couple more storms, they weren’t as violent as the first one.

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

the verbs in the box. The same verb may be used more than once. decorate discover explore get paint run visit windsurf

1 Choose the correct answers. 1

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Jon’s tried / been trying to book the flights several times, but the website keeps crashing. What have you done / been doing? You’re covered in mud! She’s decided / been deciding where to go for her gap year – Suriname! We’ve trekked / been trekking for hours but I still can’t see the village. I think we’re lost. Oh no! I’ve lost / been losing my passport. I need it tomorrow. Have you seen / been seeing it? My cousin has sailed / been sailing across the Atlantic Ocean single-handed. He arrives in Saint Lucia in a couple of days. I’ve prepared / been preparing for the expedition all day so I’m very tired. Archaeologists have found / been finding an ancient city hidden deep in the rainforest of Ecuador.

2 3

2 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Scientists new chemical elements since 800 BCE. So far they between 92 and 98 naturally occurring elements – they don’t all agree if they are all natural! I’m having a great time in Marrakech! For the last couple of days I the walled medieval city and the souks. There’s so much to see and buy. My sense of direction isn’t very good, and I completely lost twice so far. We our new house. We the living room and the kitchen, but we’ve still got the bedrooms to do. Steve Evans marathons since he was 18. He has completed over 1,000 of them, many in under 3 hours. But the world record holder is Christian Hottas, who 3,162 marathons all over the world! My gap year across Asia has been amazing. I Vietnam and Laos, and now I’m in Thailand. The water sports here are amazing. I all day and I think I’m finally getting better at it!

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This is the best camping trip I 1 (ever go) on, although we have to carry all our equipment, and I2 (realise) I brought 3 too much! We (walk) through the national park for five days now, and we have another ten days left. It’s beautiful! The team leader 4 (use) a map and compass to navigate. She’s very good at it and we 5 (not get) lost yet! I6 (learn) how to make a campfire – it was a lot easier than I thought! Yesterday was a long, hard walk, so today we 7 (relax) by a lake, and my friend Jaqui 8 (catch) a fish for supper tonight.

HAVE SOMETHING DONE / GET SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING 4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1

painted / skateboard / had / her / She /.

2 his parents / the trip / to / He / pay for / got / . 3

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN

the GPS / you / your car / on / Have / had / fixed / ? take / I / a friend / got / the photos / to / . to / couldn’t / anyone / help / get / her / She / . stolen / outside the gym / his bike / He / from / had / .

5 Complete the sentences using have something done or get someone to do something and the words in brackets. 1 2 3

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Kai in the shopping centre. (his phone / fix) I always my hair. She’s good! (Jenni / cut) Amalia decided to for the party. (her nails / do) The runners them in the race. (their friends / sponsor) We our cat when we’re away. (our neighbours / feed)

4 5

Write five sentences using the ideas from the box with have something done or get someone to do something. Then write one more using your own idea.

WORLD ISSUES 1 Complete the vocabulary. 1

s r (carbon dioxide) s i n (to Mars) (extreme) p v r y d v l p n (countries) i e t f (new species) (space) e p o a i n c r e t (situation) o i i (of the universe) (scientific) d s o e y e t n t o (of animals)

2 m 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 Complete the news items with vocabulary from Exercise 1.

A UN forum is taking place this month in Ghana. Representatives from many 1 countries have been discussing the 2 economic situation, and recent efforts to reduce 3 , particularly in rural areas, have been successful.

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fix / my bike help me / do my homework listen to / my presentation paint / my room teach me / a skateboard trick watch / my bag

VOCABULARY

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

OF ENGLISH PART 2

7 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Cycling across Canada to support

CANCER RESEARCH

The European Space Agency has launched a spacecraft on a new voyage of 7 today. Its 8 is to continue the 9 of our solar system, and send back information to help scientists understand the 10 of this part of the universe.

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN

has Brianna Haines 0 attempted to cycle 1 . In across Canada not once but 2022 she decided to cycle from Vancouver to Halifax to raise money 2 a cancer research charity. She was close to reaching her destination when she 3 her ride cut short by a traffic accident. She broke her arm, so she was 4 to finish the ride. Even so, she raised over $20,000. This year Brianna is trying 5 , and this time she wants to get her name in the record books. On this attempt she has got two friends 6 accompany her in a camper van for extra road safety, and so far she is making good progress. In 7 to break the world record, she needs to get to Halifax in 15 days. Brianna has 8 cycling for ten days already, and is confident she will achieve it.

An international conference has been looking at several new ways to 4 carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, in the same way that plants do. Leading climate scientists have been trying to 5 cheaper and more efficient methods. This approach is urgent to prevent the 6 of thousands of plants and animals in the next few years.

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WRITING

4 Write sentences by putting the words in order and adding to.

A FOR-AND-AGAINST ESSAY

know / a / I don’t / use / how / compass

1 Read the task. Then read the essay below. Does the

writer agree or disagree with the statement?

All teenagers should do a survival course organised by their school.

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Your teacher has asked you to write a for-andagainst essay about the following topic.

5 Read the task in Exercise 7 and plan your essay. Write your ideas in the table.

In my country, few teenagers have the opportunity to go on a survival course in the wild. Should we get schools to organise these courses?

chance / abroad / He had / travel / the is / important / new skills / learn / It better job / She / a / me / get / helped impossible / survival course / for them / It / do / is / a

Paragraph 1 Introduction

Excursions in the wild involve learning how to find food and water, avoid dangers and develop a sense of direction without GPS. Survival courses teach these skills, as well as how to deal with problems. Above all, these courses help young people to discover new abilities. If teenagers, who are maybe used to having things done for them, go into the wild without adults, they have the chance to take responsibility for themselves and develop a sense of adventure.

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Paragraph 2 Arguments for

Paragraph 3 Arguments against

However, getting schools in big cities to organise courses could be difficult. What’s more, many teenagers might be scared. Another drawback is that perhaps it’s more important to teach students skills they can use in everyday life, such as how to cook or manage their money, than how to survive in the wild. Personally, I think a short course would be of benefit, not for the skills themselves, but to challenge teenagers in a different environment, and in the process increase their confidence and independence.

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the essay again and underline all the phrases which use the infinitive with to, like the example in the first line.

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN

7 Your teacher has asked you to write a for-andagainst essay about the following topic.

All students should be taught to drive as part of the school curriculum. Write 140–190 words.

SELF-EVALUATION

Check your writing:

Content: Have you included arguments for and arguments against? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you used paragraphs correctly? Language: Have you used the infinitive with to correctly?

In your essay, choose the most important reasons for and against the statement. Check that your conclusion reflects these.

Has the writer included both for and against points about the statement? 2 Where does the writer explain their opinion? 1

2 Read the essay again and answer the questions.

Conclusion What you think and why

LISTENING 1 Read the exam tip below. Then look at the first situation in Exercise 2 and answer the questions.

What is the context sentence? 2 What is the question? 3 How many options do you need to read before you listen? 1

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EXAM TIP

In this part of the exam you should focus on one situation at a time. Each situation is introduced with a context sentence (also written on the question paper). After that, you will have enough time to read the question and the possible answers carefully.

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EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 1

1.1 You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1–8, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

5 You hear a boy explaining a holiday experience.

How did he feel about it? A amazed that he saw wild animals so close up B shocked that the incident happened so fast C grateful to someone else on the safari 6 You hear two friends discussing a documentary. What did they both find surprising? A that coyotes come out at night B that there are so many coyotes in modern city centres C that coyotes are good at crossing busy streets 7 You hear a girl talking about getting a tent repaired. Why is she annoyed? A She can’t find anyone to repair it. B She would have to spend too much to repair it. C She can’t find the equipment to repair it. 8 You hear a zoologist talking about a wildlife project in Scotland. What does she say about it? A It started when red squirrels became extinct in parts of Scotland. B It is working to fight disease in grey squirrels. C It controls the grey squirrel population with the help of the public.

You hear a boy talking about his gap-year plans. What does he say about them? A He’ll probably go travelling with friends. B He received a helpful suggestion from a stranger. C He wants to work for the whole year. 2 You hear two young people talking about a local community project. What is the project trying to do? A involve schoolchildren in identifying animals B encourage people to visit a local wildlife centre C research the wildlife that people can see in the area 3 You hear a girl giving a presentation in class. What does she explain in the introduction? A which bee species are in danger B the consequences of the current system of food production C how farmers can change how they grow their crops to help bees 4 You hear a book reviewed on the radio. What does the man say about the book? A It helps you appreciate how tough exploration can be. B It includes maps showing how the ice is reacting to climate change. C It explains why the explorers hope to repeat the trek. 1

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN

SOME PARTS OF THE PLANET ARE STILL UNEXPLORED. HOWEVER, WE ALWAYS IMPACT THE PLACES WE EXPLORE.

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1 THINK 2 WHY EXPLORE?

I’m exploring with:

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3 IMPACT OF EXPLORATION

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1 STILL UNEXPLORED / WHY?

Tips for Think

4 REASONS AGAINST EXPLORATION

At this stage, note down all the ideas you have, without any selection, as you don’t know what may be useful later on.

2 PREPARE Our three unexplored 1 regions are 2

reasons FOR exploring reasons AGAINST exploring 10

UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN

Tips for Prepare

Make your notes HERE

Need to consider

They are being explored by

In the selection process, be prepared to choose other people’s ideas as well as your own so that they fit with the group’s ideas for what to present to the class.

CHALLENGE 1

3 DEVELOP

Tips for Develop

Make notes as everyone reports back.

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Region 1

Put asterisks (*) next to the points you want to present.

CONS

PROBLEMS

SOLUTIONS

Region 2

PROS

CONS

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U PROBLEMS

PROS

Region 3

PROBLEMS

4 PRESENT

SOLUTIONS

CONCLUSION

Don’t forget to discuss your opinion on exploration in general. Make notes here:

CONS

SOLUTIONS

Tips for Present

Order of speakers:

SELF-EVALUATION

Material needed:

Don’t forget to present both sides of each argument! Summarise show Draw a face to your opinion of exploration how you feel. at the end.

I can …

Our conclusions are:

• identify reasons for and against an action. • identify problems and think of solutions. • actively participate in group discussion and • •

decision-making. help to produce a summary of my group’s conclusions. present my ideas clearly. UNIT 1 INTO THE UNKNOWN |

UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED! VOCABULARY

3 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 1. 1

FACT AND FICTION

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1 Complete the crossword using the clues. Add the first

and the last letter to 12 across to make the word. 3

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5 10

Co Down 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Every time you talk about catching the fish, it gets bigger! You shouldn’t so much. Because I find it hard to myself and how I feel, I often use emojis, not words. It’s amazing how quickly fake news can all over the internet! I hate the way people about each other in the class. Because I’m not very good at explaining, sometimes people what I’m trying to say. He couldn’t decide on the best way to the news to his family.

talk about other people’s personal lives (6) recognise something, like a person lying (4) not believe someone is honest (8) communicate feelings or information (6) make someone believe something untrue (7) make something seem better or worse than it is (10) communicate your feelings or emotions (7) tell lots of people some information (6) talk too proudly about things in your life (5) believe something that isn’t true (4, 3) recognise the difference between things (11)

STRETCH! Match the verbs 1—8 to the phrases

a—h.

convey 2 spot 3 distinguish 1

a between truth and lies b yourself clearly

c people about what

4 gossip

5 express

6 distrust

7 deceive

8 boast

happened about your exam results when someone’s lying information about it about celebrities’ lives what someone tells you

READING

1 Have you ever read a graphic novel? What kinds of graphic novels do you think are popular with people your age?

2 Choose the correct answers.

Maria is a good judge of character, although she doesn’t 1 boast / convey about it. She can 2 misunderstand / spot a liar easily and always knows when to 3 distrust / exaggerate someone. When people are trying to sell her things, she never 4 falls for / expresses what they say, because she can easily 5 distinguish / spread between true and false information. No one has ever managed to 6 deceive / gossip her. I wish I was like that!

2 Read the book reviews on page 13 quickly. What kind of novel is each review about?

UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

Graphic novels for TEENAGERS A Hannah: The Infinity Particle by Wendy Xu

Eva: Bandette Vol 1: Presto! by Paul Tobin and Colleen Coover

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I was browsing the graphic novels at my local bookshop This is a fantastic collection of stories set in Paris when I found this sci-fi story set on Mars. I loved both the about Bandette, a teenage art thief with a difference: artwork, which reminded me of Japanese anime comics, and the theme. At the start of the story the main character, she steals paintings from people who obtained them in suspicious circumstances. Wearing a mask and a Clem Chang, moves to Mars, and gets a job working for cape, Bandette looks like a superhero, even though scientist Dr Marcella Lin, a pioneer of artificial intelligence she has no superpowers. Sometimes she helps the (AI). Dr Lin’s assistant, Kye, is a humanoid, an AI robot police, but other times she doesn’t! To deceive people with a human appearance. Clem works with Kye in the and carry out her amazing robberies, she relies on other laboratory. As she gets to know him, she realises he is young people on the streets for help, as well as social more than a robot, conveying human feelings like love media and modern technology. These stories contain and expressing the desire to become independent. many colourful characters who distrust her and each This novel explores the line between AIs and humans, other, including a criminal mastermind known only as a topic increasingly relevant in the real world. Can AIs Monsieur. The artwork is colourful, too, and the dialogue experience feelings? Should Clem help Kye? Read the is witty, with lots of humour. book and find out!

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Jonas: The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage by Sydney Padua

Ricky: Dragon Hoops by Gene Luen Yang

This compelling real-life story follows a I’m not usually a fan of fiction, but I thoroughly enjoyed this. As high-school basketball team from Oakland, its subtitle – The (Mostly) True Story of the First Computer – California, and their journey through the suggests, it’s a biography with a twist. Being a geek, I’d heard Californian State Championships during the of Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage, who were involved 2014–15 season. Although the school team had in the early development of computers in the 19th century. reached the finals many times in the past, they Lovelace was a skilful mathematician, and Babbage (the had never won. What makes the story unusual ‘father’ of computers) was an engineer and mathematician. In is that Gene Luen Yang, the author, was actually 1842, Lovelace wrote a paper on Babbage’s Analytical Engine teaching at the school then, and he put himself in (a mechanical calculating machine) in which she described the book. In Dragon Hoops, the players express the first general theory of computing. Sadly, she died young, their hopes and dreams, and we learn about and Babbage never built his machine, but the book is thrilling the history of basketball. This mirrors what Yang because the author invents an alternative-reality ending. found out for himself at the time. As the season In her graphic novel, they build the machine together, and progressed, he went from being totally uninterested use it, among other things, to fight crime, and even correct in sport to enthusiastically supporting the team. spelling mistakes, just like computers do nowadays. That enthusiasm is also conveyed by the way he The illustrations are all black and white, which adds to draws the key basketball games, which add to the atmosphere. The book even makes 19th-century the drama. mathematics fun!

EXAM TIP

Underline the important words in each question so you know what information to search for in your detailed reading.

OF ENGLISH PART 7

3 For questions 1–10, choose from the four books (A–D). The books may be chosen more than once. 6 has artwork similar to one specific 7 8 9 10

Which book 1 changes events that happened in real life? 1 2 has a main character who needs the 2 support of others? 3 3 explains a school subject from the past? 4 includes a human character not usually 4 found in a story? 5 deals with a technological issue from 5 contemporary life?

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

6 genre of comic? concerns the origins of a machine we 7 use a lot in modern life? features a main character who faces a 8 moral dilemma? includes conversations likely to make 9 you laugh? shows how events can influence a person? 10 UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

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GRAMMAR

4 Find eight mistakes with narrative tenses in the

NARRATIVE TENSES 1 Match the sentence halves. 1

While Donna was reading the book,

2 Ken hadn’t been abroad before 3 After Jimmy finished the book,

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4 Lidia decided to study journalism 5 After Allan had videoed the skateboard trick, 6 Had Tanya ever thought about acting

a he took it back to the library. b when she was working on the school newspaper.

c she fell asleep.

d before she got the part in the film? e he went to Paris with the school. f

he posted it on social media.

Barbie and James Kane from New York City 1 fished / were fishing in a local lake with a magnet when they 2 caught / were catching a metal box with $100,000 inside. They 3 contacted / were contacting the police about the money the next day. When the police 4 had finished / were finishing investigating, they 5 had told / told the couple that the money wasn’t from any crime, so they could keep it. Barbie and James 6 explained / were explaining to journalists yesterday that they 7 had started / started using a strong magnet to fish metal objects out of canals and lakes during the pandemic. On a previous fishing trip, they 8 had found / were finding an old gun and a motorbike.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1

UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

a I read an interesting article on the social

media yesterday. b I read an interesting article on social media yesterday. a We saw the man at a local supermarket yesterday who looked like Chris Hemsworth! b We saw a man at the local supermarket yesterday who looked like Chris Hemsworth! a Teenagers work harder than people think. b The teenagers work harder than the people think. a A fake video created by the artificial intelligence is getting harder for the experts to spot. b Fake videos created by artificial intelligence are getting harder for experts to spot. a Where’s the book I was reading? I left it on the sofa. b Where’s a book I was reading? I left it on the sofa.

6 Choose the correct answers.

I thought I had 1 a few / lots of space on my phone, but in fact I’ve got so 2 plenty / many videos saved that I’ve got very 3 few / little space left. I could probably delete 4 most / a bit of them, but there are quite 5 a few / enough videos – of me and my friends, for example – that I want to keep. The problem is, you need 6 a lot / most of time to check everything before you delete it. My sister had 7 a / the good idea, though: save what I want to keep in 8 several / the cloud, and then delete everything from the phone.

5 Choose the correct option, a or b.

(share) the Deniz information with lots of people before he (find) out it wasn’t true. While Keri (chat) with her friends after school, she suddenly (realise) she (leave) her phone in the library. We (try) to make a lasagne but we (never cook) it before and it (be) terrible! They (not plan) to go to the party but then they (change) their minds. We (have) such a good time, we (not notice) that it (get) late. We nearly (miss) the bus.

DETERMINERS

I was wanting to write graphic novels since I was about eight years old. When I was 16 I was researching a school project (’Getting your dream job when you leave school’), so I was going to a comic fair. While I had queued up for a talk by one of my favourite graphic-novel writers, I started talking to a writers’ agent, who asked me to send her some of my work. Although at the time I already wrote one graphic novel and was starting my second, I was never thinking about getting them published. I was only 16, after all! Anyway, the agent read my first novel and really liked it. She was sending it to several publishers, but I didn’t expect anything to happen. It takes most writers years before they get a book accepted. Amazingly, a few weeks later when I revised for my exams, the agent rang me to say that someone had wanted to publish the book. It became my first bestseller.

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are correct.

2 Choose the correct answers. In one case both

text and correct them.

7 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. a little many much plenty of several very little 1

DESCRIBING FEELINGS AND SITUATIONS 1 Put the adjectives in the box in the correct category.

delighted desperate dreadful optimistic overwhelmed passionate pessimistic puzzled tense uplifting

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In my class most of us think that telling white lies sometimes is OK, but there are people who say you should never tell lies. Rob and his friends have money most of the time, so they can’t go into town at the weekend. We need help to carry the shopping in from the car. We’ve brought the food for the party. There aren’t people in the sea today. It’s still a bit cold to go swimming. If I had money, I’d upgrade my phone every year, so I always had the latest model. We don’t have time before the concert starts. We need to hurry.

VOCABULARY

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8 Complete the text with a determiner in each gap.

April Fool’s Day, on 1st April, is celebrated in quite countries in Europe, as well as a1 countries in South the USA and 2 America. On April Fool’s Day, a 3 of people like me try to spot fake news in newspapers or on TV. Even serious media item of companies include 4 news deliberately designed to deceive people, and maybe it’s not surprising that 5 of people fall for them. In 1980, a TV station in fake report as Boston aired 6 the last item on their six o’clock news bulletin. It reported that Great Blue Hill (which is not a small town of volcano!), in 7 Milton, Massachusetts, was erupting. However, the people that there joke fooled so 8 was panic in Milton, and the producer lost his job.

2 The words in bold are in the wrong place.

Complete the conversations by writing the words in the correct place. 1

. I can’t understand why everyone thinks it’s so good. B: I agree, but my sister loves it. She says the story was really overwhelmed 4 and inspired her.

3 A: Kailie was puzzled 5

when she was given a dog for her birthday. She couldn’t stop smiling! B: Yes, she’s really 6 tense about animals. She wants to be a vet.

5 6

to pass the exam that he stayed up all night revising! B: No wonder he looked so tired and uplifting 8 this morning!

4 A: Nico was so delighted 7

that Jo isn’t coming with us. He loves fantasy films. B: I think he’s got too much work to do. A: Yes. It’s hard not to feel dreadful 2 by all the extra work sometimes.

each sentence. One sentence is correct.

As she was reading the blog, she noticed it included an information that wasn’t correct. There’s so many bad news everywhere that I’ve stopped reading it. The most people gossip, even if they say they don’t. I sat in my room when I saw a huge animal in the garden. Little people these days don’t have a smartphone. Because he hadn’t had time to eat breakfast, he felt hungry.

A: I’m desperate 1

2 A: I thought that series was passionate

STRETCH! Find and correct one mistake in

NEITHER

BAD

GOOD

Which three of the adjectives above could you use about yourself? What makes you feel that way? UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

WRITING A STORY 1 Read the story. How did Anna’s friends deceive her? 2

Read the story again. What emotions did Anna feel and when? How did she feel when she saw her friends?

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LANGUAGE FOCUS Complete the sentences

using the underlined linking words in the story. 1

This year my birthday was on a Saturday, which is the best day for a birthday. I thought about going out, before finally deciding to invite a few friends to my house for a birthday lunch.

However, when I asked them, they all said no. Frida said she’d promised to visit her grandma that weekend, while Bruno said he’d forgotten it was my birthday, and besides, he was going away with his parents. Keira said her football team were playing an important match that day. I was puzzled, because normally we celebrate together. Despite the disappointment, I was determined to celebrate.

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Surprise to a

Hugo was quiet and shy, his brother was very sociable and was always telling jokes. I hadn’t really wanted to go. , I was very glad I did. It was incredible! I felt a bit overwhelmed on the first day of the training course the help the instructors gave us. I spent a long time helping her, she didn’t even say thank you. I did well in the exam, I hadn’t expected to. I decided not to go the film club. None of my friends was going. , the film didn’t finish until late.

From White Lies

4 Look at the story again. There are four paragraphs.

On my birthday my parents tried to cheer me up. They said they were delighted to have me all to themselves, and suggested a pizza restaurant in town for lunch instead. They were sure I’d enjoy myself. I smiled, even though I was feeling a bit miserable. The restaurant was half empty, yet the manager took us to a room at the back. When I walked in, there were my friends! They’d organised a surprise celebration with my parents!

I was amazed they’d deceived me and I hadn’t spotted they were lying. They said they didn’t think I would fall for it!

How is the story structured?

Which paragraph a explains what happened on the day? b introduces the situation? c talks about what happened before the event? d explains the end of the story and how everyone felt?

Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your story. Make notes about: 1

the event or situation the story is about.

2 the characters involved and who is telling

the story.

3 what happened before the event and why there

Write a first draft, using your notes from Exercise 5. 2 Use narrative tenses and linking words. 3 Revise your story and write a final draft. 4 Write between 180 and 220 words. 1

UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

Content: Have you included all the points in the task? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, using linking words? Organisation: Have you used paragraphs to mark the different stages of the story? Language: Have you used narrative tenses correctly?

following title: ‘Much Better than Expected’. Follow the steps to write your story.

Check your writing:

6 Your teacher has asked you to write a story with the

SELF-EVALUATION

were negative expectations. 4 what happened on the day and why the outcome was better than expected.

LISTENING 1 Look at the photo. Where do you think the woman is? What is happening?

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br ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 2 You will hear Aila talking about her job as a storyteller.

Circle the topic you don’t think she will talk about. a Her first paid work

b How she got interested in stories c Storytelling in her culture d The history of storytelling

EXAM TIP

The words in the question are different from the words you hear, although the meaning is the same. However, the word or phrase you write in the gap is exactly what you hear. You shouldn’t change it at all.

e What is involved in her job f

Famous storytellers

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 2

2.1 Listen to Aila talking about her job as a storyteller. For questions 1–10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. 6 The idea of being paid to tell stories at

came from a friend.

7 If Aila can’t remember part of a story, she’s

able to without anyone being aware of it. 8 Aila was able to study at university which helped her storytelling skills. 9 Aila thinks that more people are turning to traditional storytelling to find their again, as well as their past culture. 10 Aila says that she works in many places, including going to in other countries.

STORYTELLING 1 Aila explains that long ago people learned about their culture’s by listening to storytellers. 2 Aila mentions stories from Hawaii and Colombia to show that telling stories is a good way for people to learn about the of their culture. 3 Aila uses the example of a to show how animals are used in stories. 4 Aila says her father loved listening to old stories about at traditional Scottish festivals. 5 When Aila tells stories, she uses body language and the way she speaks to build in the story and animate the characters.

4 Would you like to be a professional storyteller? Write a few sentences to explain why or why not. UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

REASONING

1 GIVING REASONS AND EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT OPINIONS

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your group Tick the topic ss. chooses to discu

Make notes here of your opinion about this and reasons why you think that.

1 I t’s more important to follow local news than international news.

2 People prefer hearing bad news to good news.

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3 There is too much sports news on TV and online.

4 Social media is the best way to follow the news.

Tip

Giving examples

Think of examples to back up your opinions about the topic. . For instance, , for example. Take , say. Imagine

To show you have an informed opinion, it’s important to explain where you got your information from. Is it a believable source of information? According to … I read in … that … I saw on … that … I heard on … that …

UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

2 LISTENING ACTIVELY BY REFERRING

ORACY 1

TO WHAT OTHERS HAVE SAID

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To show you are actively listening, ask other people in your group questions about what they have said. This also helps to clarify people’s opinions. So, …? Are you saying …? So you think …?

You should also comment on what they’ve said. Write two more ways of doing each of these things. Agree: I guess you’re right.

Half agree: Yes, but I suppose …

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Disagree: I don’t really think that’s true.

3 RESPONDING CONFIDENTLY BY EMPHASISING WHEN AN OPINION IS YOUR OWN

Tip What you say is important, but how you say it and the language you use to introduce your opinions are also important.

Write the missing words from these phrases to introduce your own opinions. Then complete the sentences with notes on what you think about your topic. me, . 1 If you I see it, . 2 , . 3 In my that . 4 I , . 5 It seems to

I can …

What things did you do well?

• express my opinions clearly and •

What things can you improve? show Draw a face to how you feel.

• •

confidently. support my opinions by giving reasons and examples. show I was listening to what others were saying. use phrases from the Oracy section.

UNIT 2 GUESS WHAT HAPPENED!

After the discussion:

SELF-EVALUATION

| 19

REVIEW 1 UNITS 1 & 2 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Complete the text with the present perfect simple or

1 Choose the correct answers.

continuous, using the words in brackets.

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Don 1 (prepare) to go on the survival course for weeks. He’s quite nervous because (never do) anything he 2 like this before, but he 3 (seek) advice from lots of people, including his (go) sister. She 4 on two survival courses herself and 5 (lend) him some equipment. Since then he 6 (go) for long walks wearing a heavy backpack. He 7 (already pack) into it most of the things he needs for the three-day trip, like dried food, extra clothes and insect repellent.

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2 Write sentences with the correct form of have something

done or get someone to do something using the words provided. 1

Jody / his new wheelchair / make specially / last year

2 Lily / her tap shoes / repair / for the show / yesterday 3

5 6

I / usually / get / people / give me / money / for my birthday My friend / get / her mum / give me advice / about studying medicine Sarah / her glasses / fix / at the optician’s / last week Keiran / his friends / sponsor him / in the half marathon / next month

3 Choose the correct answers. Inbox

2 Messages

place. Complete the text by writing the expressions in the correct place.

Most people, when asked to name a marine biologist, would exploration 1 Jacques Cousteau. His documentaries about his curiosity 2 on board the ship Calypso allowed us to find out more marine life. However, fewer people could name Sylvia Earle, even though she is a world-renowned expert in marine biology, and the first woman to become the Chief Scientist at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Her expeditions 3 include many new marine species. Sylvia definitely has a voyages 4 . She has been on over 50 underwater discoveries 5 , spending over 7,000 hours underwater, and holds the record for the deepest walk on the sea floor, in a suit she designed herself. In more than 50 years studying ocean life, she made it her to sense of adventure 6 develop better undersea vehicles to extend . In underwater mission 7 to test 1970, her identify 8 what was safe for humans underwater led her to spend 2 weeks at 15 m beneath the ocean in an underwater laboratory.

Review 1

2 The expressions in bold are in the wrong

Hi there, We’ve 1 cycled / been cycling along the coast for a week now. The weather 2 has been / was fantastic and we 3 ’ve camped / ’ve been camping in a couple of fantastic campsites by the beach. We 4 have been meeting / have met some young Brazilian people and yesterday we 5 have played / played beach volleyball together, which was fun. Jan 6 has had / had a problem with his bike, but he managed to 7 get a mechanic to look / have a mechanic looked at it, luckily. He 8 got the gears to repair / had the gears repaired, and since then he 9 hasn’t had / hasn’t been having any more trouble.

When I saw the GPS / itinerary for the trek / voyage I was pleased. We’ll be sailing for 19 days! My sense of adventure / direction is terrible, so having a map and compass / torch helped me to absorb / identify the route on the walking holiday. There was a lot of poverty / safari in the villages we visited on the trek / voyage to see Mount Everest. On the expedition / exploration to Java, the scientists made some amazing developing / discoveries. The explorers discovered an animal that they thought had been hunted to origin / extinction. What is the curiosity / current situation with selecting astronauts for the mission / excursion to Mars?

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Complete the text with narrative tenses in gaps

1 Choose the correct answers.

a–h, using the verbs in brackets. Ignore gaps 1–11 for now.

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On my way to judo yesterday, I saw 1 expensive leather a briefcase. It (lie) on the ground beside 2 bench. I had 3 of time before class, so I b (stop) to look at it. It wasn’t locked. Inside there were a 4 files with official documents in them.

1 2 3

As I c (wonder) what to do, I saw 5 man running towards me. I held up 6 briefcase and 7 man looked delighted. He was 8 lawyer, and he explained what d (happen). He’d put his briefcase down by the bench while he e (sit) down to talk to 9 client on the phone. When he’d finished the call, he got up and left, but he f (forget) his briefcase. Luckily, he g (not go) far when he h (realise), and came running back.

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I hate people who boast / express about all the things they’ve achieved. I loved that film! The story was so desperate / uplifting that I feel full of positive energy now. If people weren’t so keen on gossiping / deceiving, celebrity news wouldn’t convey / spread all over social media. My sister is so optimistic / passionate about Stranger Things that she never stops talking about it. I’m puzzled / dreadful. Maybe I exaggerated / misunderstood the instructions, but I can’t do this. I fell for / spotted an interesting statistic yesterday: 48% of teenagers can’t distinguish / distrust between real and fake health advice.

2 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in the box.

convey desperate dreadful overwhelmed pessimistic tense

A: What’s the matter? You look 1

B: I didn’t sleep at all last night. I’m feeling

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

by all the work we have to do before the exams. I’m going to fail them! A: Don’t be so 3 ! You’ll be fine. B: It’s all right for you! You’re always so laid back and relaxed. Don’t you ever get 4 or worried? A: I used to, but now I meditate every morning. I have an amazing online teacher. She 5 such a feeling of peace and calm that I feel like that, too. B: Perhaps I should try it. I’m so 6 to find something to help me sleep better, I’ll try anything.

3 Look back at your work in Units 1 and 2.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

He tried to give me 10 money, but I told him that really I hadn’t done anything and then he realised he didn’t have 11 cash in his wallet, anyway!

2 Now complete gaps 1–11 in the text with

articles and determiners. Use a, an, the, any, lot of, plenty, some.

3 Look back at your work in Units 1 and 2.

t ravel and exploration world issues fact and fiction describing feelings and situations 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that you enjoyed learning about the most. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you think you will use most in future.

Review 1

Present perfect simple and continuous Have something done / get someone to do something Narrative tenses Determiners 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you feel most confident about. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST VOCABULARY

3 Read the text. Complete the gaps (1–7) with one word in each gap.

CELEBRATIONS

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1 Find the 12 verbs in the word search. Then

use them to complete the expressions. Some expressions may have two possible verbs.

7 8 9 10

off fireworks up decorations involved in a get-together a party back to 1750 an event in the activities out to watch up in party clothes

2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. dressing up have a get-together holding the festival joins in put up decorations throws a big party 1

2 3

vocabulary from this page in the correct form.

I couldn’t act in the school play but I helped out with making the costumes.

2 It looked really pretty in the garden after we

hung the fairy lights. 3 A lot of people came to see the carnival.

4 The archaeologists think the villa was built in

Roman times. 5 To raise money for charity this term, my school is organising several things.

6 It took a long time to put everything in place for

the exhibition.

READING

1 Do you have a local festival where you live? Do any of these things form part of it? Which do you like?

dancing fireworks kids’ activities live music parade special food street decorations

2 Look at the photo on page 23. What do you think

this is? Quickly read the first paragraph of the text to find out.

UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST

STRETCH! Replace the words in italics with

Every year my cousins (I have 12!) and our families in the summer holidays. He always for his birthday. When are they this year? Before the party we , made lots of food and organised music for dancing. The best thing about our village carnival is that everyone the festivities and has fun. Are you for the school disco or are you just wearing jeans and a top?

Our village, Lavenham, dates 1 to the 15th century. Last year, my family agreed to get 2 in a historical parade. It was 3 to celebrate the village’s 600year anniversary. What I hadn’t realised was that all the people participating 4 the event had to dress 5 in medieval clothes! But it was a lot of fun, and hundreds of people turned 6 to watch the procession. In the evening fireworks were let 7 in the market square – the perfect end to a great day!

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A Local Community

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Festival ge

Every Barcelona neighbourhood has a festa major, or local community festival. I live in Gràcia, and our festa runs from 15th to 21st August, and attracts people from all over the city. One reason for this is that we decorate the streets spectacularly, a custom that dates back to the early 19th century. There are prizes for the best-decorated streets and balconies.

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Decorating a street starts in early February. When I was a boy, I often accompanied my mum to the preparations. I loved the magic of it, so last year I got involved myself. There’s a building round the corner from my street. 1 Most streets have their own preparation area but ours is unusually large, which is a big advantage.

From March onwards, we spend Saturdays working on the decorations, which takes up a lot of our free time. We all get along, so making the decorations is more like fun than work. In the final month, more people join in and there are people working in the space every Our street is pedestrianised, so at least day. 4 there isn’t a traffic problem. Even so, we can’t put the decorations up until all the streets are closed to traffic. This happens a few days before 15th August. Then it’s a race to get everything finished, although it usually turns out well!

First we pick a theme. Each street chooses independently and they are very varied: Minions, Don Quixote, Polynesia and the solar system were some from last year! At the first meeting, people suggest different ideas and think At the next meeting, about how practical they are. 2 everyone votes for their favourite. Once the theme is decided, the planning starts.

We use photos and drawings for inspiration, and make figures with different materials to see what works best. Local businesses sponsor us to buy materials like wood, papier mâché, metal, wire and plastic. These days, streets try to be as sustainable as possible – there’s even a prize for sustainability. We always reuse wood from year to year, and These are then try to minimise buying new things. 3 used in the decorations, before being recycled at the end of the festa. One important consideration, even in August, is that there might be bad weather, so the decorations have to be strong enough to survive it.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

Each street keeps its decorations secret for as long as possible. On the last Friday in July, all The the streets have a get-together. 5 ideas can be quite original, but the most important aspect is how the decorations look when they are hung up across the street. We need everyone to help with this, and we worry about whether our ideas will work right up until we’ve finished! The best thing about the festa is its community spirit. For the week it’s on, all the streets organise activities. 6 It’s a great way to get to know your neighbours. On the last day, the competition results are announced. I enjoy it so much I don’t mind if my street doesn’t win. Maybe next year!

EXAM TIP

Always read through the whole text quickly before you look at the extra sentences. Then go back to the beginning of the text, reading more slowly to think about which sentence goes in each gap.

OF ENGLISH PART 6

3 Read the text again. Six sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences A–G the one which fits each gap (1–6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

B Suddenly it doesn’t seem so big, and we often end up working outside too.

A We discuss what the decorations would be, how things could be made and what materials would be needed. C There’s usually something every day, like children’s games, food stalls, and live music. D You can’t completely block the street, but there are often large models outside the work space you have to

walk around. E This is where we have our meetings, store materials to make decorations, and actually create that year’s designs. F We often collect things like empty plastic bottles, yogurt pots and glass jars from residents. G This is the time when we reveal to each other what our themes are this year. UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST |

GRAMMAR

Jamal has just started his new summer job as a waiter in a restaurant. He’s finding it difficult because he 4 (not / 5 work) so hard. He (smile) at the customers, who are very friendly, but he 6 (not / work) until late at night. He’s always very tired.

USED TO, WOULD, BE USED TO, GET USED TO 1 Choose the correct answers. 1

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When I lived in the village I used to / was used to knowing everyone. Last week I moved to the city and now I’m getting used to / used to not knowing my neighbours. When Jessie was little she would / would to dress up and pretend to be a pop star. My grandparents used to throw / throwing a big party in the garden every summer. When David first went to school he wasn’t used to / wouldn’t get involved in games because he was so shy, but now he’s used to / get used to joining in all the class activities. This tool dates back to the 1800s. Dentists got used to / used to extract teeth with it. I’ve lived in Beijing for 20 years so I’m used to / getting used to speaking Chinese.

2 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

SENSE VERBS 4 Match the sentence halves.

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B: Yes, nearly. At first I couldn’t sleep. It’s so quiet here, and I 8 (not / hear) total silence outside. I’m OK now, though.

A: 7 (live) in the country? You’ve been there for three months now, haven’t you?

be buy collect follow help see think

When my granddad was small everyone in his neighbourhood used to 1 to build a bonfire in the square to celebrate bonfire night. All the children would 2 wood and old furniture to put on the bonfire. There were lots of fireworks, too. My granddad said he was used to 3 lots of firecrackers every year to let off in the street. There didn’t use to 4 many rules in those days, and people wouldn’t 5 about how dangerous fireworks could be. Nowadays, things are different. People have got used to 6 strict regulations. There are no more bonfires in the square, and young people are used to 7 a big fireworks display organised by the local community.

4 5

a sweaty socks. Yuck! b really soft!

c rain is coming. d delicious!

e everyone loves this film. f

5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. feel looks like seems smells sounds like taste like

UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST

fantastic! This campsite a good place to stay. It’s in a quiet spot by the river. Mum, I a bit sick. I think I ate too much cake. Have you tried bubble tea? What does it ? A: What’s that noise? B: It thunder. Maybe there’s a storm coming. My brother happier now he’s got a new job.

A: What’s Dad cooking for lunch? B: I don’t know, but it

At school I 1 (always / enjoy) all the carnival activities. (be) a There 2 different one every day. No one minded doing silly things like wearing pyjamas to school, because we were 3 (do) them, and it was fun!

very exciting. Can we play another one?

to, would, be used to or get used to and the verbs in brackets. Some gaps have more than one possible answer.

This omelette tastes I love this T-shirt. It feels I read some reviews, and it seems like This traditional cheese smells like This video game doesn’t seem Look at those clouds. It looks like

3 Complete the texts with the correct form of used

6 Complete the conversations with the correct form of the sense verbs. Add like if necessary.

A: This flat 1 a good deal. The owner told me it sleeps six people, and it’s not expensive.

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B: Yes, but on the map it 2 too far from the festival site to walk there and back.

A: That’s true. So it the best option is to camp on site. Have you got a tent? 3

B: Photos on the internet always 6 perfect. The important thing is what it 7 .

5 7

s e a

of o

2 Complete the texts with the correct form of the vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Most popular festivals often sell out before the full 1 of artists is announced, and sometimes even before the 2 are confirmed. There might be rumours about who’s appearing, but you don’t know for sure. Last year I discovered that my favourite singer was performing after I bought the ticket. Of course, I3 !

One of the things I love about this festival is all the 4 . Some of them sell street food from around the world, others have handicrafts, and the artists who are performing sell their 5 , too. Also, the camping here is 6 , so it’s not far to go to bed! At the end of the festival, though, there’s a lot of rubbish so we all help with the 7 before everyone goes home.

For these players it’s normal to play in important matches. USED These players in important matches. I don’t like this drink because it’s got a very bitter taste. TOO This drink for me. Corrine never became accustomed to the uniform she had to wear. GOT Corrine never her uniform. I’ve seen the festival line-up – it’s fantastic! LOOKS It line-up at the festival. When I was a kid we often went to the fireworks display at New Year. WOULD When I was a kid we to the firework display at New Year.

on s be o the m s s h c - up p - up l m b in h s h the t

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that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given.

1 Complete the vocabulary.

A: I made a new cake recipe yesterday. It 4 really good when it was in the oven, but when I had finished decorating it, it didn’t 5 the photo in the recipe at all!

STRETCH! Complete the second sentence so

MUSIC FESTIVALS 1

A: Oh, it was delicious! We ate it all!

VOCABULARY

When we played at the festival last year, we 8 ! All the musicians hung out together in the 9 by the stage to watch the other acts, and because we’d played a great set and the crowd had been fantastic, we were in 10 . It was something I’ll never forget. UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST

WRITING

2 Read Francesca’s email again and answer the questions.

AN INFORMAL EMAIL

What is the celebration and when is it? 2 What does it celebrate? 3 What happens during the celebration? 1

1 Read the task. Then read the email below. Where does Naomi’s friend come from?

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You have received an email from your English-speaking friend, Naomi.

We’re doing a class project about celebrations in different countries, and I could use your help. I want to find out how people around the world celebrate the changing seasons. Is there a festival you know about? What does it celebrate? What happens during the festival?

a T-shirt, I bought some jade earrings (jade is the Alaska state gem). 2 There’s a Midnight Sun baseball game in Fairbanks. , there’s a Midnight Sun 10 km race. 3 We tried some street food, which was delicious, very cheap. 1

br Naomi

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Write soon,

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the email again and underline all the linking words and phrases for addition you find. Then use them to complete sentences 1–3. Some have more than one possible answer.

4 Read the email again and match the paragraph

Inbox

Hi Naomi,

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4

Your project sounds like fun! There’s a festival here in the USA to celebrate the beginning of summer, called the Midnight Sun Festival.

It’s in Fairbanks, a town in Alaska, and celebrates the summer solstice. Fairbanks is so far north that from May to August the sun hardly sets, so the days seem never-ending. The festival takes place on the Saturday closest to 21st June, the longest day, when it doesn’t get dark all night!

I hope that’s useful! Francesca

UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST

c introduction

d location, date and other

background

Read the task in Exercise 7. Then go online to research and choose a festival to write about.

6 Plan your email and make notes for each paragraph, using Exercise 4 and the questions in Exercise 2 to help you.

b what happens

My aunt used to live there and we went last year. Downtown was closed to traffic, and there were demonstrations of Alaskan activities, like looking for gold in a river and driving husky sleds. One street just had stalls, selling food, hand-made crafts and souvenirs, as well as festival merchandise, including a special T-shirt designed by a local artist. What’s more, there were three stages for live music, and the line-up included lots of musical styles, with not only famous headliners but also local bands. We also went to the Midnight Sun baseball game, which started around 10 pm and continued way after midnight, without artificial lights!

a closing sentence

number to its function.

2 Messages

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

7 You have received an email from your Englishspeaking friend, Eva.

LISTENING 1

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We’re doing a class project about popular festivals around the world, and I could use your help. I have to find out what festivals young people want to go to. What festival would like to go to? Why would you like to go to it? How did you find out about it?

a participating in a concert b going to a birthday party c dressing up for a family occasion d going to a carnival e your last day at primary school

Thanks,

Eva

Use your notes from Exercise 6 to write the email. Write 140–190 words.

EXAM TIP

Do you remember any of these from when you were a child? How did they make you feel?

3.1 Listen to five people talking about a childhood memory from Exercise 1. Write the letter (a–f) of the memory each person talks about. One topic is not used. 1 2

Don’t forget that this is an informal email, so use contractions as well as informal language to open and close the email.

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4 5

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing:

going on a trip with a family member

3.1 Listen again and decide whether these sentences are true of false. 1

Content: Have you included all the information? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you used paragraphs correctly? Language: Have you used linking words correctly?

4 5

6 7

8 9

Vicky valued the time she spent with her grandmother viewing the artwork she loved. She felt uncomfortable because of her grandmother’s behaviour. Lucas wasn’t looking forward to changing schools. The activities on his last day looked back over their time in the school. Sofia enjoyed a weekly music activity even though she wasn’t really good at it. She wasn’t able to participate in the concert because she was too frightened of the public. David was so timid that he didn’t join in any of the party activities. He had a strong reaction to one person at the party. Cristal thought about the weather when making plans for the carnival. All the preparations helped her to make the most of the experience.

3.1 Listen again and decide if each memory is positive (P), negative (N), or a combination of both (C).

1 2 3 4 5

5 Which experience do you think would be the most rewarding? Why?

UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST | 27

FESTIVALS ARE MORE THAN FUN EVENTS; THEY HELP TO BUILD AND UNITE COMMUNITIES.

1 THINK m Ca

out Make notes ab these things:

e? ove community lif pr im al iv st fe a es How do

br id

everyday life

local economy

My partner is:

Start by making a list of different kinds of festivals, particularly ones that happen where you live.

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Tips for Think

2 PREPARE

the local community

local culture and pride in hometown / community

Tips for Prepare

We have chosen to research these things: group member festival / celebration

Remember to focus on benefits for the population as a whole and on individuals.

Write your notes here:

What it celebrates and why

How it is organised

UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST

Activities for visitors

Attitude and involvement of residents

CHALLENGE 2

3 DEVELOP Important aspects to present: Tips for Develop

Common elements to all festivals:

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When you think about benefits, consider who in the community benefits from different things.

Festivals chosen for presentation:

Benefits to town/residents:

When you think about disadvantages, consider who is disadvantaged (maybe not everyone).

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4 PRESENT

Disadvantages:

Fill in the checklist before you present your findings. Speaker 1 2 3 4

SELF-EVALUATION I can …

• • •

different community events. identify benefits and drawbacks of an event for different groups. actively participate in group discussion and decision-making. present my ideas clearly to my group and the class.

UNIT 3 CELEBRATING THE BEST |

• identify common aspects of

Make sure you present benefits and drawbacks of festivals for the community, and say which aspects affect which people.

Draw a face to show how you feel.

Materials needed

Tips for Present

Role in presentation

UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT 4 The critics / extras wrote terrible reviews of the

PERFORMING ARTS

1 Complete the crossword using the clues.

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VOCABULARY

3 Complete the texts with words from Exercise 1.

It can be stressful being a professional musician in a famous orchestra. You often have to work with different 1 , who expect you to play a piece exactly as they want it after just a few 2 . If you do a solo 3 at a big concert hall, you worry about what the 4 will write about your performance. However, when the 5 clap for a long time it all seems worth it.

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Across ➜ 1 performance by a solo musician (7) 7 the people watching a show (8) 8 someone who writes film or concert reviews (6) 9 what actors do in films or plays (4, 1, 4) 11 where a movie is filmed; also a verb to explain the time or place in a film or book (3) 12 A serious film or story on TV (5) Down

2 the person who leads an orchestra (9) 3 current art or music (12)

4 a short piece performed by comic actors (6) 5 another word for an actor’s role (4)

2 Choose the correct answers.

STRETCH! Complete the sentences with the

correct preposition.

2 3

4 5 6 7 8

UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT

The actors were set, waiting for filming to start. She plays the part a spy in her latest movie. I’ve applied to be an extra the film. There were some very funny sketches the show. the I saw the dress rehearsal production last night. The drama is set a secondary school the 1980s. There’s a contemporary art exhibition this week the Wells Gallery. The soprano is appearing in a recital Channel Two next month.

I’m going to a conductor / recital by a famous singer on Saturday. 2 My mum was a(n) extra / part in a film once. She saw several famous actors on the rehearsal / set. 3 There’s a new crime drama / sketch on TV. It’s played / set in New York.

10 person in a crowd scene in a film (5)

Avari’s latest play, a 6 by new writer Naomi Walker, is 7 in a community centre in 8 Scotland. In it, he plays the 9 of the centre’s new manager.

6 a practice session for actors or musicians (9)

new show, but audiences / parts seem to love it! My friend loves contemporary / drama dance, but I prefer classical. The school orchestra had a terrible recital / rehearsal today. Our new conductor / contemporary said we need to practise a lot more before the performance. I loved that new comedy show on Channel Four. Some of the critics / sketches were hilarious. I saw the actor who sets / plays the role of Loki in the supermarket the other day.

READING 1 Have you ever bought a ticket for a big concert or festival? Was it difficult? Tick the problems you think teenagers might have when buying a ticket. Can you think of another problem? Tickets are very expensive. You have to buy a ticket months in advance. You have to buy a ticket online.

You have to use a bank card. Tickets start being sold when you’re at school.

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EXAM TIP

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 1

2 For questions 1–8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

When deciding which word is correct, pay attention to the grammar and the words that go before or after the word.

TEENAGE TICKET NIGHTMARE

By Marco Silva

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Have you 0 buying a ticket for a concert with a big line-up? Then you’ll be 1 with how difficult it is for teenagers. Tickets for headline acts are expensive, which makes you wonder if they’re for money. Also, the tickets are sold months 3 advance of the concert, so it’s a big good 2 tickets are sold makes it hard for younger audiences to buy them. Usually, investment. And the 4 tickets for big-name artists must be purchased online, using a bank card. The sale is organised by a commission on top of the ticket price. Another obstacle is that tickets usually ticket agency, which 5 sale in the morning, when we’re in class, and if you can’t go online then, you’ll probably find go 6 out by lunchtime. Then your only 8 of getting a ticket is to try a resale site, where that they’re 7 prices are often much higher than the original. 0 A attempted 1

A clear

2 A value 3 A on 4 A way 5 A pays 6 A for 7 A gone 8 A aim

B tried

C thought

D struggled

B familiar

C aware

D informed

B worth

C profit

D use

B for

C in

D to

B method

C point

D manner

B costs

C charges

D spends

B to

C in

D on

B bought

C taken

D sold

B hope

C wish

D plan

3 Read Marco’s blog post again. How many of the problems from Exercise 1 does he mention? Does he talk about any other problems?

4 Who do you think says each of these statements: a parent, a ticket reseller, a ticket agency, a fan, or a singer?

I want all my fans to have the chance to enjoy my concerts, but at the same time, I need to make money from my tours, because these days I don’t make much money from music sales. Touring is expensive so, as a result, tickets are expensive.

What is the biggest problem you and your friends have buying concert tickets? 2 Do you think tickets are worth the price you have to pay? 1

We’re often blamed for the increasing cost of tickets. However, once someone buys a ticket from us, we have no control over what happens to it.

What do you think about these issues? Answer these questions with a sentence explaining your reasons.

It’s really hard for the kids to buy tickets for their favourite acts without getting help from us. Last week I spent two hours online queuing for tickets, but at least in the end I managed to get them. They’re a birthday present! UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT | 31

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

FUTURE TENSES

be begin go like make meet play rehearse visit

1 Choose the correct answers. In some sentences both are correct. 1

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I’m going / I’ll go to a music festival next weekend. It starts / will start on Saturday afternoon. We’re planning / going to plan to buy tickets for the recital. What are we doing / are we going to do tomorrow? Can we go shopping for souvenirs? Look at the conductor! He’s going to fall / He’ll fall off the stage! According to the critics, their new album isn’t / won’t be such a big hit as the last one. I think this is going to be / will be the most fantastic concert I’ve ever been to! When do you start / are you going to start packing? The train leaves / is going to leave at 12 o’clock! I’m seeing / I see my friends later. We’re going / We’ll go to the basketball court.

2 3

4 5

2 Complete the conversations with the correct form of the words in brackets.

A: What are your plans for the weekend?

B: I 1 (probably / go) shopping on Saturday. Then on Sunday we 2 (celebrate) my dad’s birthday at a restaurant. What about you?

FUTURE IN THE PAST

4 Choose the correct answers. In one sentence both are correct. 1

A: I 3 (need) to study. I’ve got exams all next week.

A: The Vidal Brothers

(do) a world tour next year. I’m really excited!

B: Yes, but 5 (come) here? A: I don’t know. They

UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT

B: Well it (not be) easy! They’re a really popular band. 8

The lights went down and the violist was about to begin / would begin the recital when a mobile phone rang. They were going to climb / would climb the peak yesterday but, because of the weather forecast, they decided not to. I thought the second series would be / was going to be as good as the first one, but I was disappointed. I was about to buy / was going to buy a ticket for the festival, but the website kept crashing. She asked if I was about to help / would help her later. Cody was just about to leave / was going to leave when he remembered he’d left his keys on the table. No one had expected that the concert was about to be / would be four hours long!

(not announce) the dates and places till next month. But I7 (definitely / buy) a ticket to see the nearest concert if it’s in this country!

Insiders say that Margot Jackson the part of Spiderwoman in the new movie. I don’t think the audience it if the star performer can’t sing tonight. OK, everyone. Tomorrow’s rehearsal earlier than usual, at six o’clock, so please don’t be late. We the first act of the play tomorrow. Perhaps we the Contemporary Art Museum at the weekend. Some of us to the cinema on Saturday. Do you want to come? We outside at half past six. I can’t believe it! Channel Three a TV drama in my village soon, and my friends and I extras!

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5 Complete the text with was about to, was going to or would.

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Chris Hemsworth, who 1 become famous for his role as Thor, started his acting career in Australia on a TV drama series. He was sure he 2 be a big star. After a small part in the film Star Trek, he moved to Hollywood. People said he 3 do well, but he tried out for lots of roles, and was always disappointed. At one point he 4 star in a film for Sony Pictures, but in the end it was never made. After eight months he’d had enough. He 5 leave Hollywood to go back to Australia when he decided to try for one last role. He got the part, in a comedy horror film, and a year later played the role of Thor for the first time. No one was sure that audiences 6 like the film, but it was a big hit. Hemsworth 7 become a superstar!

STRETCH! Find eight mistakes of verb form in the text and correct them.

I had always imagined that I will have a career in show business, like my parents, and I was planning going to drama school. However, my last two years at school were just about starting when I decided that I didn’t want to do that. So to everyone’s surprise, this year I study science instead, and after that I will plan to study medicine. Medical school is taking six years to complete, so it was about to be a long time before I can start working, but my parents don’t mind. I hope they would be proud of me.

VOCABULARY ENTERTAINMENT table.

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1 Put the vocabulary in the correct column of the

act out amusement clown around craft downtime entertainer entertaining have a good laugh recreation rewarding sense of satisfaction take up a hobby

6 Complete the conversations with the verbs in

brackets. In each conversation use one of the three options about to, going to and would in the correct form. A: The last time I saw your brother he 1 (just / go) to drama school. How’s he doing?

B: He didn’t go! He decided he 2 (take) a gap year and go travelling. He’s in Vietnam. What about you? I seem to remember you 3 (study) English at university. A: Yes, I was and that’s what I’m doing! I’m just home for the weekend.

noun (phrase)

vocabulary from Exercise 1. 1

UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT |

A: Yes, it got better after that, but while I was watching it I promised myself I 6 (see) another of that director’s films. I don’t think it’s necessary to show violence in that much detail.

Lara gets a(n) out of making her crafts. I thought this show was meant to be , but it’s too serious for that. Dario is always . He makes us all laugh. If you’re so bored, why don’t you try , like singing in a choir? The problem with modern life is people are so busy with hobbies that they don’t have any . My grandparents do a lot of volunteering. They find it very . If you want to be a(n) , you’ll have to learn how to do things like little sketches or magic tricks. I love making videos with my friends. We always .

B: No! I 5 (walk out), actually. Then the violence stopped, thank goodness.

verb (phrase)

2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of

A: Did you think the start of the film 4 (be) so violent?

adjective

WRITING

A REVIEW 1 Read the task below and then read the review.

Reviews wanted!

Geek Girl Harriet.

We’re looking for reviews of theatre productions that you have recently seen. Your review should include information about:

is that the way some of the actors spoke made it hard for me to understand them. The film Steven Spielberg. the inhabitants of a small town in the American Midwest. I film to anyone who likes action and suspense. the two leading actors were rather disappointing.

What kind of production was it?

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what the production was; whether you enjoyed it or not and why; who you would recommend it to.

name

HOME

BLOGS

REVIEWS

of The Importance of Being Earnest, a classic comedy drama by Oscar Wilde, is directed by Davina Richards, and stars Richard Owens as ‘Jack’ Worthing.

he plot centres on Jack and his best friend, 2 TAlgernon, who both lead complicated double

lives in London and the countryside. This creates problems which are only solved when secrets from the past are revealed. The play’s fast-paced, comic dialogue and jokes will keep you laughing till the end.

he performances of Owens, Helen Smith as 3 TLady Bracknell and Maddie Wells, who plays

4 Read the review again. In which paragraph (1–4) are these things found? They may be in more than one.

2 Re-read the review and answer the questions. Who are the people mentioned in the review and why are they mentioned? 2 What is the only negative point in the review? 3 How many stars (out of five) do you think the reviewer gave the play?

2 3

4 5

A brief summary of the plot The title, author and director of the play The actors The writer’s recommendation Negative and positive opinions

5 Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your review.

Make notes here, using the list from Exercise 4 to help you. Paragraph 1 Introduction Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4 Your recommendation

good laugh. It’s the best production I’ve seen this year!

would recommend this highly entertaining 4 Iplay to anyone who would like to have a

| UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT

Gwendoline, were excellent. This is Maddie’s first professional performance, although you would never know it. One criticism I have is that Wilde set the play in the 19th century. Moving the action and costumes to the early 20th century, as this production did, reduces the historical impact of the play.

Emily Carey as

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It’s all in the

almost missed the latest play at the Arts 1 ITheatre, but I’m so glad I didn’t! This production

LANGUAGE FOCUS Look at the underlined phrases in the review. These are useful for writing reviews. Complete the sentences below with the correct phrase.

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

6 You see this notice in an online Englishlanguage magazine for teenagers.

LISTENING 1 What makes an experience memorable for you?

Think of an experience you’ve had in each of these categories.

Reviews wanted!

discovering a new interest learning something new sharing an experience with friends or family facing a challenge

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We’re looking for reviews of TV programmes that you have seen recently. Your review should include information about: what the programme was; whether you enjoyed it or not and why;

2 Look again at your answers. Do your memorable experiences have anything in common?

who you would recommend it to.

EXAM TIP Before you listen, read the options and underline the key words. These are the ideas to listen out for.

The best reviews will be published in the next issue of the magazine.

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Use the information and your notes from Exercise 5 to write your review. Write 140–190 words.

SELF-EVALUATION

Check your writing:

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 3

Content: Have you included all the information? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you used paragraphs logically? Language: Have you used appropriate language for a review?

4.1 You will hear five short extracts in which people talk about a memorable experience of doing something for the first time. For questions 1—5, choose from the list (A—H) what each speaker says about it. Use each letter once only. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. A It showed me the need for support from

friends and family. B The positive result inspired me to look for similar projects. C I have a friend to thank for my new skill. D I found out a lot about something I loved. E I’m proud that I was brave enough to do it. F It awakened my passion for new experiences. G My first impression was a lot worse than the reality. H I had no idea I would discover a new talent. 2 3 4 5

Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5

Have you done any of the things the speakers talked about? Which of their experiences would you most like to try and why?

UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT |

PERFORMING A COMEDY SKETCH

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Actors in my group: Tick the sketch you have chosen: a parody based on a film/TV/comic/book character an original sketch set in your school a comedy sketch set in the future The sketch is about:

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1 ORGANISING THE STRUCTURE OF A SHORT* COMEDY SKETCH

* The sketch should be between 1 and 1 ½ minutes long. Discuss your sketch and fill in the table. Character

Role of character

Tip

UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT

In many comedy sketches, not everyone tries to be funny. Often there are serious actors who treat the sketch as a short play. Their role is not to make people laugh, but to set up the jokes for the comedian(s).

Make notes on the plot here.

Actor

ORACY 2

2 USING HUMOUR Types of humour

Examples of things you’ve seen

Ideas of how to use humour in the sketch

m Ca ge

br Co

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3 PROJECTING YOUR VOICE WAYS TO ENGAGE WITH YOUR AUDIENCE

Which of these do you think you can use? • Act confident even if you aren’t! • Remember, you’re in character – let the character connect with the audience. • Use body language and gestures to emphasise what you’re saying. • Maintain eye contact with the front row of the audience. • Rehearse the sketch as a group until you are ready to perform it. Try not to laugh yourselves. That’s for the audience to do!

Tip

Memorise your part of the sketch as quickly as you can, so you can put down the script. That way, it’s easier to look up at the person / people you’re talking to and project your voice.

What things did you do well?

SELF-EVALUATION I can …

• collaborate effectively to write and

After your performance

Draw a fac e to show how you fe el.

structure a comedy sketch.

What things can you improve?

• project my voice clearly and confidently. • remember my lines and keep to •

the script. maintain eye contact with the audience and other actors. UNIT 4 ENTERTAINMENT |

REVIEW 2 UNITS 3 & 4 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Choose the correct answers. In one case both are

1 Choose the correct answers.

correct. 1

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Ugh! What’s up with the coffee? I’m used to / I used to having great coffee at this café, but today it smells like / tastes disgusting. It felt strange at first, but I don’t think it will take us long to get used to / be used to living here. People feel / seem really friendly. Anna would often / is used to spend the summer at her grandparents’ house on the coast. She used to / was used to go out on their boat to catch fish. What’s that noise up in the attic? It sounds / sounds like a bird is flying around up there. I’m finding it hard to adapt to life in Ireland. I can’t get used to / I’m not used to seeing grey skies and rain every day. It feels / seems like really depressing.

I’m 5 over the moon / joining in because I’ve got a job at the music festival which is 6 held / let off every year in our town. It’s got a great 7 headliners / line-up of musicians this year, and I’ll be working on one of the 8 performance area / stalls selling festival 9 dress up / merchandise.

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Every year, thousands of people 1 put up / turn out to watch the famous New Year’s Eve ball drop in Times Square, New York. After the ball drop, they let 2 up / off fireworks from the roof of One Times Square. The event 3 dates back to / sets up 31st December 1907, and usually everyone is in 4 the time of their lives / high spirits.

2 Complete gaps 1–7 in the text using the verb

forms in the box with the verbs in brackets. Some items have more than one possible answer. Ignore gaps a–f for now. am getting used to didn’t use to used to was used to wasn’t used to would wouldn’t

Review 2

form of the sense verbs feel, look, seem, smell, sound and taste. Add like if necessary. Use each sense verb once.

When my friends and I left school, we said we’d have 1 every ten years, to keep in touch. I got 2 organising the first one. My idea was to 3 at our old school, but the head teacher said they didn’t hold events like that 4 because of the problem with who would do the 5 afterwards. I explained that a group of people would be 6 in getting the party ready, 7 decorations 8 and tables with food and drink. I promised that we would all 9 the clean-up to leave everything as we found it, and in the end she agreed. The party was great! Everyone 10 in their best clothes and we 11 ! I’m looking forward to the next one!

3 Now complete gaps a–f in the text with the correct

clean-up dressed up a get-together had the time of our lives involved in join in on site participating putting up setting up throw a party

It’s been strange moving to a student residence at the university. I 1 (live) at home with all my brothers and sisters. My siblings were always noisy, so it a really quiet here! At home I 2 (have) my own bedroom – I shared with my brother – and it b great to have more space here. My room c tidy and organised, and I love it! At home we children 3 (do) any cooking. My parents 4 (do) (do) that – and we 5 the washing-up. So when I arrived, I 6 (prepare) my own food. At first, nothing I cooked d the food at home, but slowly I7 (make) new recipes. I’m pleased because the risotto I’m cooking now e the risottos my dad makes. I just hope it tastes as good! Writing all of this, my new life f great, and it is, but sometimes I miss our noisy, chaotic family life.

2 Complete the text with the words in the box.

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Match the sentence halves.

1 Choose the correct answers.

1 2 3

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I was going to text you last night, We need to really hurry up because Elena was about to leave for the concert Next weekend my sister and I If you want my opinion, I think We’re all meeting

a this show will be a big success.

1 2

b at the theatre at quarter to seven. c but I completely forgot.

d when her mum called.

e the recital starts at eight.

are going to go to a big craft fair.

the box.

Are you coming ’ll get ’ll win was going to come was just about to say will probably be A: It’s my play on Saturday!

to see it?

B: Well, I tickets were sold out. 2

, but the

A: Oh! Well, don’t worry, there

a few tickets for sale on the night. I 4 you one. 3

A: The lead actor was amazing in that film! B: Yes, I reckon she 5

that performance. A: I 6 thing!

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2 Complete the conversations with the verbs in

We had a lot of fun acting out / clowning around a comedy sketch / recital in our English class. On the theatre technician’s course I never seemed to have much amusement / downtime. I had to work long hours, but it was really entertaining / rewarding and I learnt a lot. My sister is the new conductor / entertainer of a student orchestra. I think it must be difficult, but she says it gives her a recreation / sense of satisfaction. I’m thinking of taking up a hobby / having a good laugh, like maybe painting or woodwork or another craft / extra. Olivia McClure’s last film got five-star reviews from the audience / critics, and she may win an Oscar. I interviewed her after a rehearsal / drama for her new play at the Savoy Theatre.

an Oscar for the same

Although the play is 1 in the 19th century, it deals with the sort of 2 problems we all experience, 3 so it gives the plenty to think about as they leave the theatre. The actors said that on the TV studio 4 there was a lot of 5 around in between scenes and they had a really good 6 together. The result is a highly 7 comedy show.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 3 and 4.

celebrations music festivals performing arts entertainment 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that had the most new words for you. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you think you used most in class this month.

Review 2

sed to, would, be used to, get used to U Sense verbs Future tenses Future in the past 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you feel most confident about. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

audience c lowning c ontemporary entertaining laugh set x 2

3 Look back at your work in Units 3 and 4.

words in the box.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

2 Complete these extracts from reviews with the

UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT! VOCABULARY PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 3

3 For questions 1–8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

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1 Complete the sentences using the words in the box and a prefix.

adventurous conventional decisive honest mature organised patient polite reliable secure

Dealing with difficult situations

6 7 8 9 10

Ask questions: People are rarely just because they want to cause problems. Often they have good intentions, but 6 ideas about how to achieve an aim. Asking ‘what’ and ‘why’ questions will help to avoid 7 .

Agree to disagree: You will not always be able to agree with others, but that doesn’t mean you should be 8 of their ideas and emotions.

2 Complete the text with the words in the box. Write the correct form, positive or negative. decisive honest mature patient reliable

RELEVANCE

SOLVE

REASON

CONFLICT

UNDERSTAND

RESPECT

STRETCH! Write the missing words in the table. Use

a dictionary if necessary. Add the correct prefix to the nouns too, if appropriate. noun

adjective

verb

organise

2 (in)dependence 3

(im)perfect

4 5 6

decide (un)motivated help

7 (im)maturity 8

rely (on)

UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT!

JUDGE

COOPERATE

My cousin is 16 and he’s quite 1 for his age in some ways, but he can also be 2 . He promises to do something and then forgets. On holiday last year he said he’d go and buy ice creams. I’m very 3 , and when I couldn’t decide which flavour to have, he got 4 and shouted at me! Anyway, he came back two hours later without the ice creams. He said he’d got lost, but I don’t know if that was true. He’s not a 5 person, though, so maybe he was just embarrassed.

INTERACT

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Take a deep breath: Strong emotions often have a negative impact on our 2 . So, rather than responding immediately, let the emotion pass. This makes it less likely you will focus on 3 issues, and gives you the chance to identify the real problem so you can work out a good 4 .

Tomas hates waiting. He’s so . Silvia struggles with making choices. She’s really . Pedro never takes risks. He’s . Davi sometimes says rude things. He’s . Aline can never find her things. She’s completely . Kerem doesn’t feel confident about himself. He’s . Nicola doesn’t act her age. She’s quite . Abel often doesn’t do what he promises to do. He’s . Selin never dresses the way most people do. She’s . Gary tells lies. He’s .

If you have ever found yourself in difficult 0 interactions at school or at home, you will know that people aren’t always 1 . Here are some tips to use when these situations occur.

READING

3 Read the blog again and answer the questions with a short sentence.

1 Look at Dana’s corkboard. What do you think is the

purpose of making something like that?

2 3

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HOME

Blog:

POSTS

Dana’s

What kind of visuals should you choose? What advice does Dana give about how many visuals you need? How does Dana say creating the vision board has made her feel? Why do researchers think vision boards help people? What does Dana say is important to remember when planning your aims?

Would you like to make a vision board? Why / Why not? If you made one, what would your aims be?

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U 2 Read Dana’s blog. What does she call the board? Why has she made one?

What does making a vision board start with?

A WAY TO MAKE DREAMS REALITY

VLOGS

I went to a great seminar recently! It was about Choosing my visuals felt exciting, and deciding making vision boards, and I felt so motivated I’d how to display them on the corkboard in my like to share what I found out. bedroom gave me a sense of purpose. It gives me a constant reminder of what I need to do. It A vision board (VB) is a collection of images has also helped me feel that I can succeed in that represent your future plans, hopes and my aims. dreams. It could focus on what you want to achieve at school or university, in a future career, or just generally. It could be a shortterm goal (e.g. what you want to achieve in the next year) or a long-term aim (e.g. where you want to be when you’re 30).

Once you’ve decided on the focus, choose suitable visuals. These could be photos, magazine images, drawings, adverts, etc. The idea is to select images and words that offer you inspiration and help you imagine your future. There’s no limit to the number of visuals, but if you have too many, it will make it harder to identify clear goals. You may need to prioritise, and the VB should reflect that.

The seminar also stressed the need to be realistic. It’s easy to identify positive aims, but you should also consider how to achieve them. Your goals won’t happen just because you want them to (sadly!). Most things involve hard work and determination. So maybe rather than vision boards, it might help to call them action boards instead.

The first step towards making a VB is selfreflection. What are your aims? You need to be clear about them. How far into the future do you need to consider? Personally, if I focused too far ahead, it would feel like too much. So, my first VB only takes me to the summer holidays. Then I’ll think about a VB for my last year at school.

Why do VBs work? Research suggests that people often remember visual images more than words, something known as the ‘picture superiority effect’. That’s why making a VB and looking at it later on should help you to focus more on your goals than just writing a to-do list.

@User10567 Thanks for such a great idea, Dana! If I hadn’t read your blog, I wouldn’t have heard of this. Now I’m making my own vision board. REPLY

UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT! |

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

CONDITIONALS

3 Complete the sentences with so, such, too or

1 Which conditional sentence is correct for each situation, a or b? 1

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I went to the well-being sessions. I learned to meditate. a If I didn’t go to the well-being sessions, I wouldn’t learn to meditate. b If I hadn’t gone to the well-being sessions, I wouldn’t have learned to meditate. You get stressed because you don’t organise your time. a You wouldn’t get stressed if you organised your time. b You would get stressed if you didn’t organise your time. Billie hopes to pass her first-aid exam. Then she can work at the after-school club. a When Billie passes her first-aid exam, she’ll be able to work at the after-school club. b When Billie passed her first-aid exam, she could work at the after-school club. Jo is lazy. She doesn’t get good marks. a If Jo was lazy, she wouldn’t get good marks. b If Jo wasn’t lazy, she would get good marks. We didn’t finish on time. We didn’t catch the train. a If we didn’t finish on time, we wouldn’t catch the train. b If we’d finished on time, we would’ve caught the train.

2 Complete the texts with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

for everyone. (chairs) to get there that we were late. (a long time) I’m not to be a basketball player. (tall) You ate your lunch much . It’s bad for you. (quickly) Femke ran the race that she won easily. (fast) They had that they’re going again next week. (a lot of fun) This room is for 100 people. (small)

2 It took 3 4

5 6 7

4 Complete the text with the words in the box and quantifiers in the correct form.

a kind teacher confident expensive glad h ard m oney n ervous q uickly

I thought I didn’t have 1 to do the programming course, but in fact it wasn’t 2 , so I signed up. When I walked in that morning I felt 3 that I didn’t smile at all. However, Mr Adams was 4 that I soon relaxed. There was a lot to learn, and the time went by 5 that I couldn’t believe it when lunchtime came. At lunch I felt 6 to talk to other people on the course, which I enjoyed. After that I was working 7 to think about anything except coding. It was a great course and I’m 8 I did it!

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES WITH A CHANGE IN MEANING 5 Choose the correct answers.

| UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT!

2 3 4 5 6

My mother says that if everything 5 (be) perfect, life 6 (seem) very boring, and we 7 (not appreciate) it when things go well. I’m a perfectionist, but I have to admit, maybe she’s right! If I 8 (accept) her point of view, I 9 (feel) under so much pressure any more, so that’s what I’ve decided to do.

After Ivan left school, he went on starting / to start his own business. I wish I’d stopped thinking / to think before I transferred the money. Now it’s gone. If you can’t sleep, why don’t you try meditating / to meditate before you go to bed? I decided to stop spending / to spend so much time watching videos on schooldays. Oh no! I forgot handing / to hand in my assignment. I’d better go and do it now. We tried going / to go through the park, but the gates were locked.

I don’t know why I decided to study science subjects. They don’t fit in with my plans for the future at all! If I 1 (think) about it more, I 2 (not choose) these subjects. I need to speak to my teachers quickly about changing. If it 3 (not be) too late, I4 (change) to languages.

That’s good – there are

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enough and the words in brackets.

6 Complete the texts with the verbs in the box. become have m eet miss move pick up t ake write

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Joey is so disorganised! Yesterday he forgot 1 his English books home to do his homework. So he tried 2 his essay this morning in the break, but of course he didn’t have enough time.

VOCABULARY SELF-IMPROVEMENT 1 Match the verbs to the nouns. 1

3 change 4 create 5 deal with 6 learn from

On the way home from our holiday we stopped 3 lunch at a restaurant. After we left, my mum realised she’d forgotten 4 her phone from the table, and we had to go back for it.

7 overcome 8 work on a a weakness b unrealistic expectations c experience d self-improvement e stress f

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

g your behaviour h a bad habit

2 Complete the sentences with vocabulary from Exercise 1. 1

OF ENGLISH PART 4

7 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given.

UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT! |

, which is a problem for young people, because we haven’t got much! It’s not always easy to identify your mistakes so you can next time you’re in that situation. Watching videos by successful people can in young people. They make becoming successful sound much too easy. I had to work hard to I had of leaving my work until the last minute. Now I organise my time better. Making a vision board helped me to and stay focused on achieving it. I’ve found that the best way for me to is to go for a run. It always makes me a lot calmer. It’s not easy to , even if you know what you have to do to improve. If you want to , there is so much online advice that it’s hard to know where to start!

The film was really funny. I couldn’t stop laughing. SUCH It was I couldn’t stop laughing. He isn’t a good study partner because he isn’t very reliable. MORE If he , he’d be a good study partner. I can’t stop eating chocolate, even though I’ve been trying. GIVE I’ve been , but I still eat a lot. The project will take too long for us to finish it today. ENOUGH We to finish the project today. Alana has to win the race to go to the Olympics. ABLE If Alana wins the race, she to the Olympics. Lucia was afraid of spiders when she was young. REMEMBERS Lucia when she was young.

People say you

a goal

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No, I don’t regret 5 out on a normal childhood because I was a child actor. I remember 6 to Hollywood to be in my first film when I was ten, and I felt so excited. I’ll never forget 7 famous actors like Keanu Reeves on set. After that I went on 8 a famous actor myself!

accomplish

2 break

WRITING

2 Read the essay again. Does the writer include the points in the task? What is their own idea?

AN ESSAY 1 Read the task. Then read the essay below. Does the

EXAM TIP When writing your essay, use a range of vocabulary and grammar to show your language skills. Try not to use the same word every time. Use synonyms instead.

writer agree with the statement?

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In your English class you have been talking about education. Now your teacher has asked you to write the following essay for homework. Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.

LANGUAGE FOCUS Look at the phrases from the essay below, then match them to synonyms from the box. Each phrase has two synonyms.

an additional factor alternatively as a result in particular for instance for that reason a further point particularly rather to illustrate

Notes Write about:

You should study subjects that lead to good jobs rather than those you simply love. Do you agree?

3 ……… (your own idea)

Paragraph

Choosing what to study in your final years at school is complex, so how can you decide?

In my opinion, people are interested in subjects they are good at, so choosing to study those is motivating. However, you may choose instead something that fits in with your objectives, even if it doesn’t interest you as much or you aren’t very good at it. Take maths, for example: if you plan to study psychology at university it’s a key subject. So studying it at school makes sense, especially if it’s a weaker subject for you.

In summary, unless you have a clear goal, I don’t think a job should influence your subject choice. Instead, studying what interests you would be more motivating.

UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT!

3 especially:

4 another consideration:

5 instead:

4 Which of these essay plans in the table did the writer use?

Paragraph plan 1

Paragraph plan 2

Introduction

What the essay is about in your own words

Body of essay

One paragraph for each of the three ideas

Conclusion

Your opinion based on the ideas you’ve discussed

One paragraph for each side of the argument

5 Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your essay. Make notes for each paragraph. Use one of the plans from Exercise 4.

2 in that case:

Finally, most school students do not have specific jobs in mind, and might be unaware of many jobs that exist. What’s more, many people’s jobs are unrelated to their studies. In that case, choosing to study subjects that interest you could be the best option.

for example:

Another consideration is what we mean by a ‘good’ job. Is it earning a large salary, providing an inspiring challenge, or doing interesting, rewarding work? I think teenagers should consider their priorities, which may be important when deciding what to study.

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2 a good job

1 abilities and skills

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 4

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 1

6 In your English class you have been

discussing personal growth. The teacher has asked you to write the following essay for homework. Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.

5.1 You will hear an interview with an education expert about a problem students have. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1

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It’s better to constantly challenge yourself with new experiences than only do things you feel comfortable with. Do you agree?

Write about: 1 social situations 2 physical activities 3 ……… (your own idea)

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Use the information in your notes from Exercise 5 to write your essay. Write 140–190 words.

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing:

Content: Have you included all the points in the task? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you used an appropriate paragraph plan and linking phrases for essays? Language: Have you used a range of vocabulary and grammar to express your ideas?

LISTENING

What does Gina say about procrastination? A It’s not a problem most people suffer from. B It tends to happen to students who are lazy. C It affects people who can’t decide what to do. Gina explains that the main cause of procrastination seems to be connected to A your desire to achieve perfection when completing a task. B how you feel about the task you have to complete. C your inability to finish assignments on time. What is the aim of Gina’s initial advice? A to show students when they need to study B to show students a way to begin a task C to show students how to identify difficult assignments Which of these things does Gina NOT recommend? A creating a schedule to save time B making sure you don’t work for too long at a time C planning fun activities to do when tasks are completed Why does Gina think working with others helps a procrastinator? A It’s much easier to motivate yourself. B Other people will always be there to motivate you. C It takes the pressure off your role in the group. What does Gina say people find tricky? A responding to notifications that interrupt their work B being aware of how long tasks take C keeping notifications turned off on their phone What does Gina say is unexpected when someone successfully overcomes procrastination? A They are free to enjoy themselves more. B It helps them do well in all areas of their life. C It can happen really quickly.

1 Do you or your friends have problems getting

EXAM TIP

Is there anything Gina said that you think might improve your own self-motivation?

As you listen for the first time, find reasons to eliminate options. Use the second listening to confirm the correct answers.

down to work on important assignments? Write down some reasons why you think that is.

UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT! | 45

PERSONAL GROWTH NEVER HAS TO STOP. HOW CAN WE IMPROVE OURSELVES?

1 THINK m Ca

develop your skills and knowledge?

develop your personality?

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HOW TO … help others to develop throughout life?

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develop your experience?

Tips for Think

Think about times when others helped your development, such as parents, teachers, friends, coaches or other family members. What kind of help was it? What kinds of things do you help others with?

2 PREPARE

We are researching these things: Group member

Area of personal growth

Questions for our research:

Write here:

• Benefits?

• What ideas / methods / training to use

Tips for Prepare Think of professional people who might be involved in the area of personal growth you are researching. If you can, find someone you can ask about their experience. 46

| UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT!

• Suggestions / advice from other people?

CHALLENGE 3

3 DEVELOP

To present our ideas, we will use a poster a podcast slides another method?

What have we learned about personal growth?

Tips for Develop

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Practise your presentation together beforehand. Identify areas where the language could be clearer and help each other to improve.

4 PRESENT

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KEY POINTS TO PRESENT:

Fill in the checklist before you start.

Speaker

Role in presentation

1 2 3 4

SELF-EVALUATION I can …

• •

show Draw a face to how you feel.

•

personal development. research and develop one aspect of personal growth in detail. actively participate in group discussion and decision-making. present my ideas clearly to my group and the class.

UNIT 5 NOBODY’S PERFECT! |

• identify important aspects of

Rather than write out everything you are going to say, prepare small, numbered cards with headings or brief notes to look at quickly as you speak. This will allow you to make more eye contact with your audience.

Tips for Present

Materials needed

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE VOCABULARY

STRETCH! Match the verbs in the box to the nouns.

attract enter get away from grow rise sign update

CELEBRITY

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1 Choose the correct answers. In one sentence both are correct. 1

2 Complete the text with the words in the box. There is one extra word.

autograph fame followers paparazzi popularity profile superstar talent contest trolls

4 5 6 7

READING 1 Do you know anyone who’s had problems with social

2 Read the blog post. Does it mention any of the problems you thought of in Exercise 1?

HOME

BLOGS

CONTACT

BETTER SAFE THAN

SORRY by Danny Lopez

We all love posting on social media, but it can be a problem. Here are my tips.

Think before you post. A friend lost the chance of a good job because the company looked him up on social media and found things he’d posted when he was 17. When he saw what he’d written he was shocked, but it was too late. It’s easy to post things without considering that you might regret them later. However, it’s important not to post or share things that you wouldn’t want the world to see, especially your parents, teachers or future employers. Remember, you can never permanently erase something that’s been published on the internet.

Keep control. Another friend posted a video explaining an opinion on her social media page. 16 Later she saw it reposted, but someone had edited it to make it appear as if she was saying the opposite of what she’d really said. Once you post something, you can’t control how it’s used by others, even if you later delete it. Someone can screenshot, edit or share it without your knowledge. Nowadays, it’s easy to manipulate photos or videos, too. The good news is that you can protect yourself by adjusting your privacy settings to control who sees your social

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

media? What were they?

Lots of people dream of being famous, but 1 isn’t easy to handle. A 2 like Olivia Rodrigo can measure her 3 by how many 4 she has on social media (millions), and meeting fans who ask for her 5 or a selfie might make her feel loved. However, reading online comments by 6 must be upsetting, and being followed everywhere by 7 trying to take photos would get annoying. Some musicians take years to succeed but a young singer who wins a 8 becomes famous in a few weeks, which must be hard to cope with.

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The tennis star took a break from social media because of the hateful activity of trolls / followers. The music in advertisements probably tells you who the target audience / talent contest is. Can you identify fake celebrity haters / profiles on social media? It’s such a famous restaurant that it’s visited by many autographs / superstars who come to the city. Lots of older people are surprised about the fame / popularity of young influencers on social media platforms. People think that being a paparazzi / supermodel is glamorous but it often involves wearing unsuitable clothes in uncomfortable locations.

an autograph more followers in popularity a talent contest to fame the paparazzi your profile

media posts. The typical settings on most apps allow anyone to see your posts, but being so exposed to strangers is risky. The safest approach is to customise your settings so only friends and contacts can see your posts.

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Respect privacy. One frequent issue is people not respecting other people’s privacy and oversharing. One friend posted photos of his friends without their agreement. They got angry, and he had to delete the photos to calm them down. Another time, the brother of a classmate posted a lot about his family. It made his sister really upset because her friends found out lots of things she’d wanted to keep private. And the worst thing was, there was nothing she could do. If someone overshares your information, you can’t take it down yourself. When you post or repost photos, videos or personal information, it’s easy to forget it could affect others. The information might even be untrue. If a post involves other people, you need to consider how they’d feel about it before posting.

EXAM TIP In this part of the exam, read the text through once before you look at the questions. There are four options for each, and you won’t remember them all. Get a general understanding first, and then read and consider the questions in a second, careful, reading.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 5

3 For questions 1–6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to the text.

Don’t get caught out. A good friend told his parents he was doing a school project at my house, but he went to a concert instead. Unfortunately, even though he didn’t post his location online, the active location service revealed it. His sister realised where he was and told their parents. Another friend said she couldn’t go to someone’s party because she was ill, but she’d decided to go somewhere else and had made up an excuse. When her friends saw her location at another party they were upset and stopped speaking to her. Although it can be fun to let your friends know where you are, this can get you into trouble.

So … use your common sense, treat others how you would like them to treat you, and then you’ll be able to enjoy social media without worrying.

Be kind. Recently I had an online row with my best friend. We both said horrible things, and didn’t speak for weeks. When I told my mum about it, she asked me if we’d have said those things if we’d argued in person. If not, why did we say them online? The internet is full of trolls, saying hurtful things they’d probably never say to anyone in real life, and as I found out, it can even happen between friends. In online communication it’s impossible to tell how other people are feeling, because we can’t see their expressions or hear their tone of voice. Respect others’ posts, even if you don’t agree with them. Make sure that what you write can’t be easily misunderstood. If you wouldn’t say it to someone’s face, don’t say it online.

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Why does Danny use the first example in the text? A to say his friend should have deleted the posts B to show how posts can have consequences in the future C to demonstrate how our opinions change as we get older D to illustrate who will be affected by careless posts What does it refer to in line 16? A her opinion B the situation C an online video D a social media page What point does Danny make about privacy settings? A Social media sites insist on maximum sharing of your posts. B They stop people editing photos or videos you have posted online. C Even the most secure privacy settings can still have risks. D Social media users are able to minimise the problem of lack of control. What does Danny indicate is the main problem with oversharing? A the inability to remove your own personal information B the possibility of losing a friend after a disagreement C the difficulty of persuading others to remove personal information D the risk of sharing false information about someone else What point does Danny make about location services? A There can be unexpected consequences from using them. B They reveal where you are when you post online. C It’s convenient to share your location with your friends. D Your friends expect you to have them on. What did Danny realise after he argued with his friend? A He understands why people become trolls. B People forget about other people’s feelings online. C He’d misinterpreted what his friend had said to him. D It’s better to have an argument face to face.

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

GRAMMAR

2 Complete the summary of the conversation

between the reporter and Meg with one word in each gap.

REPORTED SPEECH: QUESTIONS AND REQUESTS

Reporter: Can I do an interview, Meg? Meg: Sure! Can you make it quick? Reporter: When’s your next tour starting? Meg: We’re hoping it will be next year. Reporter: Will you play here in Amsterdam? Meg: Well, nothing has been finalised, but I believe so! Reporter: Is it true you’re now a billionaire? Meg: No comment!

1 Read the direct speech. Write Q for a question and R for a request. Then put the words in the correct order to make a reported question or request.

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‘Who won?’ asked Andy. know / who / wanted / had / to / won. / Andy

2 ‘Do you know where the festival is?’ asked Joey.

Guess what? I just spoke to the pop singer Meg Smith! I wanted to know 1 I could do an interview, and she agreed, but she asked me 2 make it quick. So first I 3 her when her next tour 4 starting. She told me they were 5 it would be next 6 year. So I asked her if she play here in Amsterdam. She said that nothing 7 been finalised, but she 8 so. Finally, I asked her if 9 was true she was now a billionaire, but she refused to comment!

the / Joey / the / festival / girl / if / knew / where / she / asked / was.

3 ‘Can I take a selfie with you?’ asked Jack.

selfie / if / Jack / actor / take / asked / her. / he / could / with / the / a

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‘How many autographs have you collected?’ I asked. how / asked / many / he / him / I / had / autographs / collected. ‘Can you help me, please?’ asked his sister. him / sister / to / His / help / her. / wanted ‘Would you mind not posting that photo online?’ asked Alana. to / Alana / online. / that / her / not / friend / photo / asked / post ‘Could you possibly buy me a concert T-shirt?’ asked Coco. T-shirt. / Coco / her / to / her / a / asked / concert / dad / buy ‘When did you realise you had become a superstar?’ I asked him. when / superstar / asked / he / him / he / become / I / a / realised / had

Imagine you meet the favourite singer or actor of someone in your family. Write questions to ask the celebrity using the phrases below. Then write their answers using reported speech.

Q: I’d really like to know A:

2 Q: Please tell me A:

3 Q: Could you tell me A:

4 5 6

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

Carlos much prefers play / playing tennis to golf. We would rather not go / to go out tonight. Emma would sooner to watch / watch a film than read a book. I’d prefer to stand / standing at the concert so I can dance. We’d sooner go out than / to stay in tonight. Most of us prefer hip hop music to / than country.

? said that .

EXPRESSING PREFERENCES 4 Choose the correct answers.

. said that . . told me that .

5 Complete the text using the words in the box.

ADVERB AND ADJECTIVE COLLOCATIONS

Some actors find popularity hard to live with. They would 1 out shopping without people staring at them 2 have people constantly asking for selfies. Some celebrities, like Daniel Radcliffe, would 3 a disguise than be recognised. However, others, like Billie Eilish, have said that they 4 being famous to just being a face in the crowd. Kevin Bacon wasn’t sure if he’d 5 be recognised or not, so he invested in a false nose and teeth to find out. He’d expected to prefer 6 , but in fact he soon realised he missed fame. ‘I much prefer 7 preferential treatment 8 queuing up with everyone else for coffee or a restaurant table,’ he said.

1 Choose the correct answers.

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getting much prefer prefer to privacy rather wear sooner go than to

2 3

4 5

word in brackets.

Young people / stream music / buy albums (rather)

Some celebrities / would / be recognised (not) We / watch the match on TV / go to the stadium (rather) I / small concerts / concerts in stadiums (much) Gloria / be rich / famous (sooner) STRETCH! Read the sentences and find

mistakes in six of them. Correct the mistakes. 1 2

6 7 8

4 5 6 7

I’d like to know when did you get your big break. She’d sooner stay at home tonight than going to a film premiere. They asked me if I can help them design the poster. We’d prefer to camp at the festival than stay in a hostel. Marion informed me she’d prefer not enter the competition. She asked her brother to come and tidy up his things. We wanted to know how much cost the tickets. The paparazzi would much rather photographing celebrities in the street than in a car.

2 Complete the text with adjectives.

It’s become perfectly 1 that the cellist Amal Drake is likely to win this year’s Young Musician award. Many critics say it will be terribly 2 if he doesn’t win. His performances in a highly 3 concert tour last spring 4 were critically . However, one well-5 orchestra director thinks the pianist Natalie Wu will win. She’s not as widely 6 by the public as Amal, 7 but she’s widely in the classical music world as a hugely talented musician whose popularity is growing. The standard of all six young musicians being considered for this year’s award is totally 8 , and whoever wins will have a bright future.

Suzi got selfies with several totally / widely known actors at the hotel where she worked. Some supermodels have been highly / perfectly successful for several decades. The scientist was critically / well respected in his field. Johnson last appeared in the critically / well acclaimed film Ghost Riders. It was perfectly / widely clear from the start that he was going to be a superstar. The sound was so bad that the concert was terribly / perfectly disappointing. The winner of the talent contest described it as critically / totally unbelievable. She is well / widely recognised as the greatest actress of her generation.

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6 Use the phrases given to make sentences with the

VOCABULARY

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

WRITING

4 Punctuate the direct speech. 1

A STORY

2 What time does the show start? (asked Lili) 3 Help! (said Aitor) I’ve lost my ticket. 4 It’s amazing! I can’t believe my song’s number one! (said Harry)

1 Read the task and the story below. What was the surprise?

Stories Wanted

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We are looking for stories for our new Englishlanguage magazine for young people. Your story must begin with this sentence: Carla couldn’t believe the theatre was so full.

EXAM TIP In a story, you may have more paragraphs than in other types of writing, especially if you include direct speech. This is not a problem.

Write a story for the magazine in 140–190 words. Your story must include:

• a surprise • a kind friend

It was the first night of the play. Carla, the actor playing the lead role, felt terribly nervous. She had never played the lead in front of such a big audience before, and was thinking that she would prefer to be anywhere else than here, about to go on stage.

Her friend David saw how anxious she was looking, and asked if he could do anything to help. ‘I don’t think I can do this,’ Carla said. ‘I’ll forget my lines, or speak too fast.’

‘Relax, Carla,’ David told her. It was perfectly clear to everyone that Carla knew the part by heart and would be highly successful. ‘This is just first-night nerves, so I’ve got a surprise for you!’

David got out his phone and asked Carla to watch a special video from her friends and family. One by one they wished her luck, praised her acting skills and shared their excitement about the play. ‘See?’ asked David. ‘We all believe in you, Carla, so go out there and show us your talent.’ Carla suddenly felt better. ‘Right!’ she said. ‘Let’s go!’

LANGUAGE FOCUS Look at the direct speech in

When a new person speaks we start a new paragraph. 2 At the end of direct speech we put a comma, an exclamation mark or a question mark and then the final speech mark before we identify who is speaking. 3 We often explain who is speaking near the end of direct speech. 1

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

6 Read the exam task below. Use your notes

from Exercise 5 to write your story. Write your answer in 140–190 words. Stories Wanted

We are looking for stories for our new English-language magazine for young people. Write a story for the magazine. Your story must begin with this sentence:

Sam finally realised why the man looked familiar. Your story must include:

• a singer • a piece of luck

SELF-EVALUATION

Check your writing: Content: Have you included all the points in the task? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you used paragraphs and punctuation to make the story clear? Language: Have you used direct and reported speech?

the story. Are statements 1–3 true or false?

Imagine who the man is and what he and Sam say to each other.

included everything from the task?

Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your story. Remember to include the two ideas in the task as part of the story.

2 Read the task and the story again. Has the writer 3

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Carla couldn’t believe the theatre was so full.

Don’t forget that we’re going to the cinema. (Noah told Kylian)

LISTENING 1 Do you know anyone who has done any of these things? Was it a good experience?

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appeared in a film been mistaken for someone famous been to school with a celebrity got a celebrity’s autograph

6.1 You will hear eight people talking in different situations. For questions 1—8, choose the best answer (A, B or C). You hear a man talking about how he gets mistaken for a celebrity. What is his attitude to the situation? A He’s surprised it keeps happening. B He finds it amusing. C He wishes it didn’t happen. You hear a boy talking about his granny. What has she begun doing? A Following a lot of online celebrities. B Posting about her life on social media. C Appearing in a video blog with her grandchildren. You hear a woman who works as a film extra. What does she say about the job? A It can be pretty boring. B You get to meet some famous actors. C There are quite a few requirements for the job. You hear a woman talking about an ex-classmate. What does she say about him? A Most people expected him to become famous. B He showed qualities at school that explain his success. C He’s the same now as he was at school. You hear an actor talking about appearing on a TV dance show. How did he feel about the experience? A He hadn’t anticipated that the rehearsals would be so difficult. B He wasn’t happy about the progress he made. C He didn’t think he would be able to get to the final.

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 1

autographs. What does she say about her hobby? A She’s only just begun her autograph collection. B Some players are unwilling to sign autographs. C Her collection mainly features autographs from tennis players. 7 You hear an actor talking about disguises. What does he say about them? A The typical disguises are the most effective for him. B He has decided that he doesn’t need to wear a disguise. C A colleague gave him some unexpected advice about disguises. 8 You hear an interview with a young entrepreneur. What question is she answering? A What was the most difficult time for the business? B How did you decide to launch your product? C What was the key to making your business a success?

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6 You hear a girl talking about collecting

Look back at Exercise 1 and the ideas you had. Which experience in Exercise 2 was the most different from what you had expected to hear? Why?

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

PARTICIPATING IN AN INTERVIEW

1 SPEAKING CLEARLY AND CONFIDENTLY m Ca

Tip

Pick someone to interview that you and your team know, but don’t assume other people know much about them. The questions you ask the celebrity should help your audience to understand why they are famous.

Write information about the person HERE and prioritise things you want to ask about (using asterisks (*)).

I am interviewing:

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Match the question halves.

a us about …

2 I’m sure everyone

b could you …?

3 Could you tell

c to ask you how / what …

4 My next

d is interested to know …

Write your interview questions here.

1 I’d like

5 If you don’t mind, e question is about …

2 LISTENING ACTIVELY AND RESPONDING CONFIDENTLY AND RESPECTFULLY

Put the phrases in the correct category. Can you add more?

How did you feel about it? I see. Really? Tell me more. That must have been awful / amazing. What happened then? Why was that? You’re kidding!

Follow-up questions

Comments

| UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

ORACY 3

3 USING APPROPRIATE GESTURES AND BODY LANGUAGE

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Put the phrases under Do or Don’t. Can you add more? be friendly face the other person laugh loudly look embarrassed look very serious make eye contact with the other person nod your head in agreement shake your head

br Do

Don’t

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U Use this space to make notes when it’s your turn to observe. Interviewer

Celebrity

show Draw a face to how you feel.

After the role plays

What things did the observers say you can improve?

SELF-EVALUATION

What things did the observers say you did well?

I can …

• speak clearly and confidently. • use appropriate gestures and body • •

language. listen actively and respond confidently. use follow-up questions and comments.

UNIT 6 IN THE PUBLIC EYE

| 55

REVIEW 3 UNITS 5 & 6 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Choose the correct answers.

1 Complete the sentences with vocabulary from the

If I hadn’t attended / didn’t attend the university careers fair, I would never have gone on 2 becoming / to become a food chemist specialising in flavours. I wanted to use my Chemistry degree, but I had no idea this job would be 3 so / such an interesting one. In fact I remember 4 being / to be surprised to find out there’s a shortage of flavourists in the industry. Maybe it’s because the training takes several years. If it didn’t take 5 so long / long enough, I think more young people 6 will / would want to do it. Now I’m working on new flavours for crisps. If I 7 succeed / succeeded in creating the next trend in snacks, it will be very exciting. My dream is that people won’t be able to stop 8 eating / to eat my crisps.

box and a negative prefix.

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conventional decisive honest organised patient polite reliable secure 1

2 3

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2 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first.

Review 3

2 Match the person to the correct collocation A–F. A accomplish a goal B break a bad habit

C create unrealistic expectations D deal with stress

E overcome a weakness

F work on self-improvement 1

Nina used to bite her nails. Now she cuts them every week so she can’t bite them. Adem started writing a journal every day to identify things he wants to do and motivate himself. Delia wanted to become an engineer. She studied hard, got her degree, and now has a good job. If Goran starts to worry about the things he has to do, he listens to calming music for a few minutes. Maddy’s new manager told her he had lots of contacts and she would soon be a star. She wasn’t. Deniz used to be late for everything. Now he has found a way to make sure he’s more punctual.

I was 1 sure that I was going to be a musician that I never stopped 2 think what would happen if I 3 unsuccessful. It’s not 4 to be talented, you also need determination and luck. The music business is difficult to survive in without a good I hadn’t met manager. I’m sure that 5 6 Mike Dean, I would never got that first recording contract. I’ll never 7 signing it. It was 8 a big step on the road to success!

She fell asleep because the film was too long. It was film that she fell asleep. I want to do the yoga course so I can relax more. If I do the yoga course, I to relax more. He didn’t go to the party, so he didn’t see his friends. If he’d gone to the party, he his friends. The bird flew away before I could take a photo. I tried a photo of the bird but it flew away. We wish we had gone to the concert. We regret to the concert. I don’t think it’s a good idea to cook so much pasta. If I you, I so much pasta.

3 Complete the text with one word in each gap.

No one wants to do groupwork with Liam, because he says he will do his part but in the end he rarely does. He’s so . Sara wears such clothes that people always turn to look at her in the street. if everyone you It’s easy to feel see on social media seems to have a better life than you. Is it to borrow your sister’s clothes and then put them back without telling her? I can’t believe that man was so to you. He jumped the queue! Whenever I have to order in a restaurant I’m quite . Everything looks good! I always get when a film takes a long time to download. It’s easy to get when you don’t have time to tidy up your things.

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Complete the second sentence using reported

1 Choose the correct answers.

speech. 1 2

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‘Where is the restaurant?’ Dani wanted to know . ‘Do you mind if I borrow these jeans tonight?’ Elena asked her sister’s jeans. ‘Can we sit at the table in the corner?’ Karl asked the waiter if at the table in the corner. ‘When did you start designing your own clothes, Sienna?’ She was interested to know designing her own clothes. ‘Why are you leaving the band, Nils?’ The fan asked leaving the band.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

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It’s 1 well respected / widely known in show business that 2 fame / profile often doesn’t last. The singer Matty Ward won a TV 3 talent contest / target audience. For a while his career was 4 highly successful / widely recognised but he never became the 5 supermodel / superstar he hoped to be. After a couple of big hits, his 6 popularity / autographs began to fade, and his next few songs, instead of being hits, had 7 critically acclaimed / terribly disappointing sales. It was 8 perfectly clear / totally unbelievable to everyone, including Matty, that his days as a pop star were over. It wasn’t all bad, though. At least the 9 haters / paparazzi stopped trying to sell photos of him.

autograph follower profile supermodel target audience troll

words provided. 1

2 3 4 5 6

2 Write sentences expressing preferences using the Toby / sooner / act in the theatre / appear in films

I / much / prefer / read a book / see a film My dad / rather / listen to jazz / other music Kai / prefer / selfies / autographs Mia / sooner / not / watch / horror films Jane / much / rather / dance / sing

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 5 and 6.

4 5

Jana works in the music industry, helping radio stations to find new artists for their . A book containing the of the Beatles, signed while visiting Buckingham Palace, sold for £7,400. I don’t know how can sleep at night. Who deliberately posts hurtful comments online? I like your new picture on social media. It looks really cool. Some have careers that last for over 30 years and they still look amazing. Footballers Ronaldo and Messi both have hundreds of millions of on social media.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 5 and 6.

personality adjectives self-improvement celebrity adverb and adjective collocations 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that had the most new words for you. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the vocabulary group that you think you used most in class this month.

Review 3

Conditionals Quantifiers Gerunds and infinitives with a change in meaning Reported speech: statements and requests Expressing preferences 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you feel most confident about. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS … VOCABULARY

2 Choose the correct answers.

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DECISION-MAKING AND THOUGHT PROCESSES

We need to 1 analyse / make a decision about the topic for our presentation next week. Pedro, you’ve 2 changed your mind / come up with the idea of pre-internet childhood, and Joanna, you’ve suggested childhood games. So, I think we need to 3 reflect / weigh up the pros and cons of each one, and 4 have in mind / work out who could do what. But we should 5 reach a decision / think through quickly so we can start the preparation.

1 Complete the crossword using the clues. 1

STRETCH! Complete the texts with the words

in the box.

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7 8

anything in c ost into decision about decision to mind about on it options through up the up with

I didn’t have 1 mind for my birthday, so I asked my friends to come 2 an idea. Mind you, I also told them to take the 3 consideration, as I can’t afford to spend a lot!

Across ➜ 5 We must a decision before we go home. (5) 6 What’s the best way to all the proposals? (8) 8 You’ve up with some great ideas. (4) 11 I can’t decide yet. Let me it over. (5)

READING

1 Do you think these sentences about the UK in the 1960s are true or false?

Most people left school by the age of 16. 2 There was only one TV channel. 3 Children could get a part-time job when they were 13. 1

2 Quickly read the blog post on page 59 and see if your answers to Exercise 1 were correct.

| UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS …

Down 1 What kind of jacket did you in mind? (4) 2 It will take a few days to the survey results. (7) 3 Can I my mind and come with you after all? (6) 4 I’m so indecisive – I just can’t a decision! (4) 5 Please on what we’ve just discussed. (7) 7 Here’s the bill. Can you out what I owe you? (4) 9 Let’s up the pros and cons with a list. (5) 10 Also, into consideration it’s a lot cheaper. (4)

I’ve changed my 4 going to university in the autumn. After reflecting 5 for a while, I’ve made the 6 take a gap year instead, so I can experience work first. I’ve been thinking different 7 , and I’ve reached a8 what to do. After weighing 9 pros and cons, I’ve decided to work abroad for a few months, and learn a language.

ANOTHER

WORLD? spent hours at each other’s houses listening to music. There were also music magazines which told them about popular musicians like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.

Firstly, education. State schools nowadays accept students of all abilities and mix boys and girls, but things were different 65 years ago. All students took an exam called the 11-plus in the last year of primary school. Students who passed went to different schools from those who failed. Most of the people we spoke to had left school at 15 or 16, and only a few stayed on until they were 18. Back then, far fewer people went on to university, You could be a nurse or an which surprised us. 1 accountant, or learn a trade, like being a car mechanic or electrician. This involved working and studying, and teenagers got paid while they were training.

We couldn’t imagine life without a mobile phone. 4 Everyone in the family shared the home phone, so you couldn’t talk to your friends all evening, or your parents might get annoyed. When we asked people how they could work out meeting up without mobile phones, they said they had to arrange a place and time and then be there! You couldn’t just change your mind.

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I’m involved in a school project in Manchester collecting memories from people born in the late 1940s. The people we talked to were teenagers in the 1960s. Here are some of the things we discovered.

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Entertainment was completely different, too. There were no streaming services for films or TV. In fact, in 1960 there were only two television channels and families There were some comedy watched TV together. 2 shows, but almost nothing for teenagers. The weekly music programme Top of the Pops started in 1964. One popular activity at weekends was going to the cinema, and watching American films with stars like Elvis Presley and Paul Newman. Older teenagers went to dances on Saturday nights, which often had live groups playing rock and roll songs.

We grew up with computers and the internet, but what People as young was life like without them? 5 as 12 had jobs delivering newspapers to people’s houses before school. For schoolwork, they had to do research at the library, using reference books like encyclopaedias, but the information could be out of date and there weren’t many sources. Schoolwork had to be written by hand, so if they came up with any changes they had to write everything out again!

Music was important to the people we interviewed. Music that teenagers liked wasn’t played on the radio, so they used to go to record shops and listen to the latest hits. You could ask to hear a record, and you went into a tiny room with headphones to listen to it. All the records were Most teenagers vinyl then, and quite expensive. 3

The sixties saw a revolution in youth fashion, as teenagers rebelled against wearing the same clothes They wore clothes with bright as their parents. 6 colours. Girls wore mini-skirts, and boys grew their hair longer, like their musical heroes. People said that they loved going clothes shopping with their friends, but their parents often didn’t like the new fashions and so there were lots of arguments! Evaluating their experiences, it was fascinating to see that, although there were a lot of differences, teenagers from different generations could be pretty similar in some ways.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF

EXAM TIP

ENGLISH PART 6

Read through the text as it is, with gaps, to see how the information is organised before you look at the sentences you have to put back in.

3 Read the blog post again. Six sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences A–G the one that fits each gap (1–6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

What aspects of teenage life then were similar to teenage life now? Is there anything about being a teenager in the 1960s that you would have enjoyed? Why?

UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS … |

on TV or read daily print publications. B People could only afford to buy their favourites, so they might borrow some from friends. C Once you obtained basic qualifications, though, instead of doing a degree you could train for a skilled job. D The people we interviewed told us that being a teenager in the sixties was exciting. E Instead, they tried to copy the styles that they saw in teenage magazines. F The people we interviewed said that most programmes then were too serious and boring. G But, for teenagers in the sixties, communication was either face to face or using the landline at home.

A To keep up with current events, people watched the news

GRAMMAR

A: Can we have spaghetti for supper? B: I’m not sure we’ve got

MODAL VERBS OF DEDUCTION (PRESENT AND FUTURE)

any. Have a look. A: I saw two packets in the cupboard yesterday. I’m sure we have 5 enough for ten meals! 4

1 Choose the correct answers. 1

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The library can’t / could be closing already! It’s only six o’clock and I haven’t finished my project! It’s probably a good idea to take your umbrella with you. It may / must rain later. Jana could not / might not come with us tomorrow. It depends on how she’s feeling. That was a tough match. You must / may be happy to be in the final. Good luck! That can’t / could be our bus at the bus stop. Let’s run! I may / must join the athletics club this year. Do you think it’s a good idea? I can’t decide. He might not / must change schools after all. He’s thinking of staying here next year. You must / mustn’t have to buy a lot of food to feed all those animals.

of deduction. 1

2 Complete the conversation with a modal verb of

2 They both have sports cars. I’m sure they like

driving fast. 3

deduction and the verb in brackets.

A: What shall we do at the weekend? We

A: Where’s my phone? I left it here. It’s

definitely here 1 somewhere. B: There’s one in the kitchen. Maybe that’s 2 yours. A: I haven’t been in the kitchen. It’s impossible that it’s 3 mine. UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS …

MODAL VERBS OF DEDUCTION (PAST) 5 Complete the sentences about Mara using the words in brackets.

When Mara was 14 she moved from her home in the UK to Spain to join a tennis academy. She stayed there for four years, and is now a professional tennis player. 1 It an easy decision to make. (can’t / be) 2 She it hard to adapt to her new life. (may / find) 3 She a lot of time texting friends in Scotland. (might / spend) 4 She a bit lonely at first. (must / feel) 5 She new friends quickly. (could / make) 6 She much Spanish at first. (might / not speak) 7 Her Spanish a lot better. (may / get) 8 Her tennis a lot at the academy. (must / improve)

a modal verb of deduction.

3 Rewrite the underlined part of each sentence using

We’re planning a trip tomorrow. My phone app says there’s a 50% chance of rain. Mike says he plays golf for a living, but he’s not very good at it. I don’t believe he’s a professional golfer. Jude owns a lot of trainers. I reckon he owns at least 20 pairs! Have you heard rumours the group are planning a tour? I don’t believe they’re getting back together.

haven’t got any exams coming up. It 1 (be) a good time to go to the theme park. B: I don’t know. I 2 (not have) enough money for that. A: You 3 (have) lots of money! You only got your pocket money yesterday. B: I know, but I 4 (need) it all for the school trip. We have to take spending money, and I’m not sure if my parents are going to give me extra. A: Yes, that’s true! Paris 5 (be) a cheap city to visit, so we’ll need lots of money. OK, not the theme park, then. B: It 6 (rain) this weekend anyway. Let’s just stay in and play video games.

My team are playing the Cup Final on Saturday. It’s possible they will win the cup.

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4 Rewrite the underlined sentence using a modal verb

6 Complete the conversations. Use a verb from the box in the correct form and a modal verb.

-ED/-ING ADJECTIVES FOR EMOTIONS

Boy:

Oh no! Look at my tablet! The screen’s cracked!

1 Match the definitions to the adjectives.

Girl:

You 1 when you dropped your bag.

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be break leave lose make

br Man:

Yes. I’m not sure what it was. It 2 thunder. Was bad weather predicted?

Woman: I don’t think so, but the forecasters 3 a mistake. They don’t always get it right.

Dad:

You 4 another one! You left one at the café a couple of weeks ago!

Where’s my cap? It’s not in my bag.

Actually, I

it at home. I’m not sure I put it in my bag this morning.

STRETCH! Read the sentences describing each situation and complete a similar sentence using a modal verb of deduction.

4 5 6 7

8 feeling extreme dislike:

Bruno looks happy. He got his exam results yesterday. Bruno his exams. My dad left home at 18. Maybe that’s why he’s good at cooking now. because he My dad left home at 18. I decided to study history. Now I’m wondering if I made the right decision. I the right decision. Tina said she’s running a marathon this weekend. She’s got a badly injured knee! Tina a marathon this weekend. Paul left his phone on the restaurant table. Now it’s gone. He’s sure someone stole it. Someone Paul’s phone. The competition to choose musicians for the National Youth Orchestra is this week. There’s a reasonable chance I’ll be chosen. I to play in the National Youth Orchestra.

9 upset (2 words):

10 very scared (2 words):

2 Choose the correct answers.

I share a room with my sister whose dirty habits are quite 1 irritated / irritating. She never cleans up and the bedroom floor looks 2 disgusted / disgusting sometimes. The worst thing is that she’s always 3 astonished / astonishing when I complain, which I find even more 4 infuriated / infuriating.

When I chose to study medicine, my parents, who are both doctors, were 5 thrilled / thrilling. They were 6 concerned / concerning about making sure I hadn’t chosen it to please them, but I hadn’t. I made the decision because I think being a doctor will be really 7 satisfied / satisfying.

The new roller coaster at the theme park looked 8 petrified / petrifying. I definitely wouldn’t go on it. I saw one boy who looked quite 9 distressed / distressing when he got off, and I was 10 startled / startling to see that his friends were laughing.

UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS … |

annoyed: very surprised: very angry: excited: worried: pleased: surprised and a little bit frightened:

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Boy:

astonished concerned disgusted distressed infuriated irritated petrified satisfied startled terrified thrilled troubled

Woman: What was that noise? Did you hear it?

VOCABULARY

WRITING

3 Read the blog post again. What does the writer focus on when considering not having the internet? Do you agree these are the most important things to write about? What would you choose?

A BLOG POST 1 How would you do these things if there was no internet to help you?

look things up to help you with your schoolwork 2 communicate with your friends 3 take photos 4 hand in your schoolwork 1

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2 Read the task in Exercise 8 and a student’s answer

below. What are the answers to the questions in Exercise 1?

IF I’D BEEN A TEENAGER …

LANGUAGE FOCUS Look at these phrases from the blog post. Then choose the correct answer in the sentences below.

a Imagine a world without online search engines. b Imagine being without a smartphone. c Imagine not having social media.

Phrase a uses imagine + noun / gerund.

2 Phrase b uses imagine + noun / gerund. 3 Phrase c uses imagine + noun / gerund. 4 To make the negative we put not before / after

a gerund. 5 After imagine we can use the present / past

tense to describe a hypothetical situation.

5 Rewrite the sentences below using imagine plus a

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BEFORE THE INTERNET

I’ve just spent a holiday somewhere that I was startled to discover had no internet connection. I spent ages doing nothing, and it made me reflect on life without the internet. What if I’d been born before it existed? It’s astonishing to think it must have been a totally different world.

Imagine a world without online search engines. That might mean using huge encyclopaedias instead. It could take ages to find the specific information you need. The internet is so much quicker! What’s more, even if you had a PC to type your schoolwork, you wouldn’t be able to upload it or send it to your teachers by email. You could print it out, but you might lose it before you handed it in! Imagine being without a smartphone – so no texts, instant news updates or selfies! You may have a digital camera, and store photos in your computer, but you would have to go to a shop to get photos developed if you wanted copies to show your friends!

2 3

4 5

(People) walked everywhere. Imagine . (Homes) didn’t have a refrigerator. Imagine . (Most people) lived in a small village. Imagine . (People) had to wash all their clothes by hand. Imagine . (Most women) couldn’t vote. Imagine women .

6 Which of the sentences in Exercise 5 could be about these time periods? a the Middle Ages b 100 years ago

7 Read the task in Exercise 8 again and plan your

answer. Think of three things you consider to be important and make notes here. 1

Imagine not having social media for communication. That might be the worst part! Before the internet, my mum spent hours talking to friends on her home landline, and she had to take into consideration the rest of the family needing to use it too. That must have been so irritating!

noun or gerund, omitting the words in brackets.

UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS …

8 Your teacher has asked you to write a blog post

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 2

using the title below.

If I’d been a teenager … in the Middle Ages or 100 years ago or choose your own time in the past.

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Choose a time to write about. Write about 200 words.

Getting out of your

COMFORT ZONE

SELF-EVALUATION

1 Cara explains that any activity we do for

Check your writing:

which the result is is considered to be a risk by neuroscientists.

2 Helping a friend by

them is one example Cara gives to illustrate what she means by taking a risk.

3 Cara says that teenagers experience

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, which brings increasing with it bigger challenges and possibilities in many aspects of their lives.

4 Neuroscientists consider that moving out

LISTENING

of your comfort zone is an important and preparation for being an adult.

5 Cara explains that changes in the brain occur as a result of the adolescents have.

1 Think of activities you’ve done recently that gave you one of these feelings. Do you know why they did so? a satisfaction b excitement

6 The excitement you get on a theme-park ride can be seen as a that activity.

in a situation to help with where we are unsure how an action will turn out.

9 The positive sensation teenagers

get from doing risky things is what them to take advantage of new options.

10 Cara says that dopamine is a key part of

different aspects of learning, including the , as well as remembering things.

Make sure you read all the questions carefully before you listen, as there are no pauses between items in this part of the exam.

8 More dopamine is produced in the brain

EXAM TIP

in the brain to each other.

teenagers. Answer the questions before you listen.

What part of the body do neuroscientists study? a the heart b the brain c the lungs 2 If someone is ‘out of their comfort zone’, how do they usually feel? a unsure b bored c upset 3 How many risks do adolescents take? a fewer risks than adults b the same number of risks as adults c more risks than adults

for doing

7 The neurotransmitter dopamine enables cells

2 You will hear a neuroscientist talking about 1

7.1 You will hear a neuroscientist called Cara Wang talking about the importance for teenagers of taking risks for personal development. For questions 1–10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

4 Go back to Exercise 1. Can you answer the question better now?

How do you feel about getting out of your comfort zone? Do you see it as a positive thing?

UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS …

WE CONSTANTLY MAKE BAD DECISIONS, EVEN THOUGH WE KNOW BETTER. WHY DO WE REPEAT THIS TENDENCY?

1 THINK m Ca

My partner is:

Tips for Think Main issues:

Real examples:

Topics to research:

It’s easier to start with specific examples, so start by thinking of a few bad decisions that people you know have made, and then consider what the issues are.

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2 PREPARE

Write your survey questions below. Some ideas to consider: social pressure, cost, habit, emotions, over-optimism, or other options you prefer. It’s up to you!

Tips for Prepare

When writing the survey questions, think about what type of data you want to get from interviewing people. Answers could be:

– on a scale of 1–5

– rarely / sometimes / often / almost always

Answers

| UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS …

Name / age group

– disagree / slightly disagree / neither agree nor disagree / slightly agree / agree.

CHALLENGE 4

3 DEVELOP Summarise the main trends related to bad decision-making here:

Attitudes of different age groups:

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br ge

Tips for Develop

Discuss in your group the answer to this question now that you’ve done your research. Make notes here:

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Think about the format which best demonstrates the results of your research. Would a pie chart or bar graph be clearer? Or a Venn diagram, or some quotes?

WHY WHY WHY DO WE REPEAT REPEAT REPEAT THE TENDENCY TO MAKE BAD DECISIONS?

4 PRESENT

We will present our research using

Fill in the checklist before you start. Speaker

Role in presentation

1 2

SELF-EVALUATION I can …

Tips for Present

•

Make sure any diagrams or charts are clear and big enough for everyone to see.

• •

decisions using real-life examples. design and give a survey to gather data about decision-making. actively participate in discussion and decision-making. present my ideas clearly to my group and the class.

UNIT 7 DECISIONS, DECISIONS … |

• identify issues with making bad

Draw a face to show how you feel.

Materials needed

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS VOCABULARY

2 Complete the text with the correct form of

vocabulary from Exercise 1. Use each vocabulary item once only. Put one word in each gap.

GOOD CITIZENSHIP

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1 Label the images with phrases from the box. Each

Over the last ten years people have become 1 of climate change. Now we need to be more 2 of the concerns of people in other countries as well as our own. We need world leaders to take 3 for effective action to reverse the change. There are conflicting interests, and it’s often hard to know who is 4 . It’s true that engineers have 5 skills to develop cleanenergy technology, with some success. At the same time, responsible 6 , especially young people, are changing their behaviour, by eating less meat, for example. But we all need to consume less, in order to save 7 like water. We must 8 also the places where wild animals live, especially forests. We need to 9 nature and protect it from harm. Big business, too, has to realise that the planet is not their 10 to destroy. We need stricter laws to protect the environment, that everyone must 11 . The only way to protect 12 our human is to protect the planet.

image has more than one correct answer. Not all the phrases are used.

be aware conserve resources cultivate talent human rights obey the rules private property respect nature responsible citizens take responsibility trustworthy website understanding person

U 2

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STRETCH! Find mistakes with word form in the sentences and correct them. You may need to add a prefix or suffix.

7 8

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS

It’s important to protect human right. You can never take them for granted. The organisation tries to raise aware of the need to conserve the orangutan’s habitat. Arda’s dog is very well trained. It’s never obedient. This part of the farm is used for the cultivated of sweetcorn. We need to use natural resource to produce clean energy. I wish I knew if the man was trusting or not. What he says sounds great, but almost too good to be true. I try to be a responsible citizenship within our community. He spoke to us so respectful that we all got angry.

READING

3 Read the quotes from four people involved in

1 Look at the list of activities below. Divide them into A:

the Good Neighbours Scheme. Match them to the people.

a young person helping an older person, B: an older person helping a young person, and C: both. 1 2

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3 4

Sharing IT skills Giving advice from personal experience Learning how to cook, sew or repair things Shopping Setting up social media Being a sympathetic listener

Alana, 19, university student Bill, 82, retired Harry, 17, school student Sonia, 35, community organiser

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

OF ENGLISH PART 3

It’s been a big surprise to me how much fun we have. Jack’s so funny and we never stop laughing. Also, he was really sympathetic when I had a problem with a friend at school. It’s completely changed my attitude to people of his generation.

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2 Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of

I really look forward to his visits. We chat about what we’ve been doing and he shows me how to use my smartphone for all sorts of useful things. Now I can video call my daughter in Australia! I’ve even been invited to lunch with his family at the weekend. We’ve become good friends!

the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning.

We are looking for new volunteers for our Good Neighbours scheme. Could you be one?

OPERATE

SPECIAL FRIEND

AWARE

RESPECT

SURPRISE

It’s beyond my wildest dreams how enthusiastic people are about this. Everyone at the Community Centre is excited and people have been saying that the scheme must be extended to get more people involved.

4 Do you and your friends spend time with older people? Which of the activities in Exercise 1 do you do together?

PARTICIPATE

Visiting Alice has helped me more than it’s helped her, I think. I was new to the neighbourhood but Alice knows everyone and has introduced me to lots of people. She tells me all the best gossip, too!

This scheme was started to create more 0 cooperation between people in our community and try to deal with the problem of loneliness, which is 1 hard for older people. Teenage volunteers are matched with older neighbours to cultivate 2 and help each other. This could include going shopping together, sharing IT skills or just talking about life experiences. For many people, young and old, there of the is a lack of 3 lives and concerns of other generations, and sadly, some young people can be towards older quite 4 generations. The scheme has been 5 popular, even more than we hoped. We think intergenerational understanding has increased, and many 6 say it has changed not just their life but also their attitude to others. One of the 7 consequences has been that often whole families have become involved, not just the original two people. Now we want to build on the scheme’s 8 results by signing up more volunteers. Want to know more? Pop in for a chat at the Community Centre.

EXPECT

EXAM TIP SUCCESS

The word you have to insert may not be the word given with a prefix and/or suffix added. You may need to change the type of word needed, e.g. from a verb to a noun.

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS |

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the text using the verbs in brackets in the correct active or passive form.

THE PASSIVE 1 Underline all the examples of the passive in the text. Then match them to the correct tense. 1

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The Young Architects Award scheme was started in the year 2000. The American Institute of Architects created the award because they felt that the achievements of early-career architects had not been appreciated enough. In spite of their contributions, young architects were being ignored by architecture prize schemes. Since then, over 400 young people have been given awards. The competition is held annually, and the judges award prizes to 16 people each year. The winners of this year’s awards will be announced next week. They are being recognised for their contribution to design, planning, education, and service to the profession.

a present simple b present continuous c past simple d past continuous e present perfect

past perfect g will future f

2 Rewrite each sentence using the correct form of the passive. 1

2 3

6 7

I’m optimistic that the barriers can / must be broken down if we all try. I think the project should / may be planned carefully, so let’s not rush things. When do you think the world record will / must be broken? It’s stood for a very long time. If the new breakthrough drug is successful in trials, treatment of the disease could / can’t be completely transformed. Let’s hope so. All donations would / might be appreciated. Your essay must / may be typed. You’re not allowed to write it by hand. The land might / will be bought by the university to build student housing. We don’t know yet.

5 Write questions using the correct form of the passive and order of the words provided. Then match them to the answers. 1

2 3

4 5

When / the results / might / send out / ?

Who / this new activity / could / aim at / ? How / the money / must / pay / ? Why / the match / should / cancel / ? What colour / the classroom / will / paint / ?

a They only accept cash. b The pitch is under water. c We picked yellow. d It will be May at the earliest. e Teenagers with an interest in dance.

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS

We are asking all citizens to take part in the project. All citizens to take part in the project. They have sold the property to a children’s charity. The property to a children’s charity. We will create a youth centre here. A youth centre here. No one had conserved the region’s resources. The region’s resources . The project was helping elderly people to improve their online skills. In the project elderly people to improve their online skills.

4 Choose the correct answers.

MODAL VERBS IN THE PASSIVE

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On the outskirts of our town is a large old house. It 1 (build) in the 18th century as a family home, but for the last ten years it 2 (abandon) and empty. Before that it 3 (use) as a school and then a nursing home. Last week I 4 (pass) the house on my way home when I 5 (notice) that building work 6 (start). The house 7 (recently, buy) by the local council, which 8 (plan) to open a community centre there. When it’s finished it 9 (manage) by local residents, who have been asking for this for a long time. It 10 (have) lots of activities for young people. I’m really excited!

6 Rewrite each sentence using the passive. We will email the application next week.

You must lock the door when you leave. We decided we should do something. You could prepare this dish the day before. We can repair your laptop by next week. They might organise a street party to celebrate.

2 3

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4 5

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

VOCABULARY PHRASES WITH BREAK 1 Complete the crossword using the clues. 1

5 6

8 9

OF ENGLISH PART 4

7 For questions 1–6, complete the second

Across ➜ 1 My horse broke in the field and it took a long time to catch him. (4) 6 Nowadays researchers make medical all the time. It’s amazing! (13) 9 On 4th July 1776 the American colonies broke from Great Britain and declared independence. (4) 10 The long-jump was last broken in 1991, by Mike Powell, who jumped 8.95 m. (6) 11 I’ve lost my expensive new phone. I don’t know how to break to my parents. (3,4)

Down 2 Sometimes , like Rosa Parks in the Civil Rights Movement, can inspire social change. (4-8) 3 I hate playing board games with you – you always break ! (3,5) 4 I hate biting my nails. I wish I could break . (3,5) 5 Some young people think that is a good way to rebel against society. (4-8) 7 I discovered that my great-great grandfather broke and went to prison for three years. (3,3) 8 Sport is very good at breaking down and bringing people together. (8)

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS |

Last year Riz volunteered to organise the travel arrangements. RESPONSIBLE Last year Riz making the travel arrangements. The sports club is making good use of its financial resources. WELL The sports club’s financial resources . It’s possible that our school will win the Good Citizens Award. BY The Good Citizens Award our school. Alex was expelled because he didn’t obey the school rules. FOR Alex was expelled the school rules. People last saw the fox in November. SINCE The fox November. They gave me the wrong size, but I only realised when I got home. BEEN I only realised I the wrong size when I got home.

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sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

WRITING

AN ARTICLE 1 Read the task. Then read the article below. How

many ways to achieve a sense of community does the writer include?

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You see this announcement in an English-language magazine for young people.

We are looking for articles about the importance of community in neighbourhoods.

Why do you think a sense of community is important? How can it be achieved? Tell us your ideas.

2 notice boards and newsletters were used 3 social media platforms are preferred 4 We all have clothes … which could be used by others.

4 Read the article again. Which ideas (a–h) appear in which paragraph?

b the first way to achieve a sense of community c how the first idea is organised d a closing sentence

Caring

I believe a sense of community is very important. It helps neighbours feel safe and prevents loneliness. It is not just older people or families with young children who need support. At times we all need to see a friendly face, especially as fewer people live near their families nowadays.

But how can a sense of community be cultivated? Try seeing if a neighbourhood watch scheme has been set up. This enables neighbours to spread awareness of possible problems in the community. Previously, notice boards and newsletters were used, but nowadays social media platforms are preferred. If there isn’t a scheme like this, you can start a messaging group.

Why, according to the writer, is a sense of community important? 2 Who does the writer think benefits from a sense of community? 3 What ideas to achieve this does the writer suggest? 4 Has the writer answered all the questions in the task? | UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS

Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4

5 Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your article. Make notes based on the paragraph plan in Exercise 4.

EXAM TIP

Try and provide specific examples for the ideas you suggest for your area. If you don’t have personal experience of the topic you are writing about, you can adapt something you have heard about somewhere else.

2 Read the article again and answer the questions.

Paragraph 1

All of these actions contribute to a stronger feeling of community which benefits everyone.

how the second suggestion can be organised g examples of what happens h why a sense of community is important

Sharing resources is another way of creating a sense of community. We all have clothes, furniture and tools we no longer need but which could be used by others. Using social networks to offer or ask for things means items are recycled. Time is another resource. You can ask a trustworthy neighbour to look after your cat while you are away, and you can walk their dog in return.

e another suggestion

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Sharing

a neighbourhood watch scheme has been set up

Articles

a who benefits from a sense of community

Home

LANGUAGE FOCUS Rewrite these examples of the passive from the article as active sentences. Which version do you prefer?

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

6 Read the exam task below. Write your article in 140–190 words.

You see this announcement in an Englishlanguage magazine for young people.

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We are looking for articles about how local areas can be improved for young people.

What makes an area good for young people? What improvements can be made? How can they be implemented? Tell us your ideas.

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing: Content: Have you included all the information? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you included information in paragraphs as appropriate? Language: Have you used active and passive forms appropriately?

Use the paragraph plan and your notes from Exercise 5 to write the article.

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LISTENING

1 What do you think is meant by a community shop? Do you think these statements apply to one?

c It is staffed by volunteers from the community.

b It supports people in the community by helping

d It provides cheap food for the community.

a It sells many different things to people.

with their shopping.

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 4

8.1 You will hear an interview with someone who runs a community shop. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 5 What does Alun suggest about other things the

shop does? A Any new service must be proposed by residents. B They sometimes introduce a new service to see if it will be successful. C They are preparing to start a delivery service soon. 6 How does the shop pay a key role in the community, in Alun’s opinion? A Village clubs can meet at the café. B It organises lots of activities for the villagers. C It’s now the place where people go to socialise. 7 Why would Alun recommend opening a community shop to others? A It can have a positive effect on many aspects of community life. B It helps you to see how friendly people in your village are. C It involves everyone in the village in setting it up.

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS

What does Alun say about community shops? A The people who work there are paid by the community. B They are a way for people to earn money from investment. C Their owners are not driven by the need to make money. 2 What does Alun say about his village? A The geography made it difficult to do shopping on foot. B It was easy to shop using public transport. C There were few facilities when the village shop closed. 3 Why does Alun think his role as manager is particularly useful? A It’s useful to have a manager who has been in charge of a shop before. B It helps the volunteers to have a boss who takes important decisions. C It ensures that different aspects of the shop are managed effectively. 4 What does Alun say about the products on sale? A There is a limited selection of supplies from nearby farms. B They allow the shop to support businesses in the area. C They emphasise sustainability, not cost. 1

HAVING A DEBATE My debating group:

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FOR: AGAINST: The motion to debate is:

1 CONFIDENTLY EXPRESSING OPINIONS WITH ge

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE AND REASONS

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Put these phrases in the correct category, and then prepare your arguments.

According to … For instance … However … I / We believe that … I / We disagree with your argument that … In my / our opinion … It seems to me / us that … Research shows that… Statistics indicate that … Take, for example … You made the point that …

Our main arguments:

Tip

Examples / evidence we can use:

What the other side might say in the debate:

Start by saying what position you take on the statement: We are for / against the motion because …

2 SPEAKING CONFIDENTLY AND PROJECTING YOUR VOICE

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS

Practise saying these in a confident way before the debate, projecting your voice.

As the first / second speaker for / against the motion argued … As my partner for / against the statement mentioned … I’d like to go back to / disagree with a point made by … … argued that … However, I feel this is not the case because …

It helps, particularly later on in the debate, to refer back to points other people have raised, so take notes as they speak.

Tip

ORACY 4

3 USING VOCABULARY EFFECTIVELY TO PERSUADE

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Tip

Prepare some useful vocabulary to help your arguments sound persuasive. Emotive adjectives: e.g. essential

When you are preparing your ideas, don’t forget to look up synonyms or other ways to say what you want without repetition.

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U After the debate

Call to action verbs: e.g. decide

Nouns: e.g. freedom

What things did you do well?

feel. show how you Draw a face to

What things can you improve?

I can …

• state my arguments clearly and

• •

UNIT 8 GOOD CITIZENS |

•

confidently. support my arguments … • with evidence. • by giving examples. refer back to other points raised in the debate. use vocabulary to sound more persuasive.

SELF-EVALUATION

REVIEW 4 UNITS 7 & 8 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Match the sentence pairs.

1 The expressions in bold are all in the wrong place.

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Frida looks tired today. Frank is wearing a great new jacket. Paula is playing really well at the moment. My grandparents haven’t arrived yet. The shops in the high street are having early sales. Simona’s phone is quite old now.

4 5

a He might have bought it in the sales.

with

d She could win the championship for the

2 Choose the correct answers.

A: Has Elia decided yet whether to leave her job?

B: I don’t think so. It 1 can’t be / might have been an

easy decision. It was her dream job. A: Yes, but it’s not what she expected. She 2 could be / must have been so disappointed. B: She 3 may be waiting / can’t have waited until she’s found another job before leaving this one. A: Yes, that would be better, but she’s working such long hours it 4 might be / mightn’t have been difficult to find the time to look. B: She 5 must make / could have made a decision soon, though. She 6 can’t go / may have gone on being so unhappy.

3 Complete the sentences with a modal verb of

deduction in the past or present, using the verb in brackets.

2 Choose the correct answers. 1

Have you got a jacket? It

(get) cold later.

Review 4

3 4 5

(arrive) in Italy by now. I wonder who that is at the door. It (be) the cleaner, it’s much too early. I don’t know why Joe isn’t on the bus. He (decide) to stay in the library to finish his presentation. Rob isn’t at home. He (work) late again, poor thing. The shop (sell) out of those jeans since yesterday. They had loads of them.

My parents swam with sharks on holiday. My mum loved it, but my dad looked petrified / troubled. Could you stop tapping your fingers on the table? It’s really astonishing / irritating! I’m a bit concerned / astonished about the plant in my bedroom. It doesn’t look very healthy. Who’s left the kitchen in such a disgusting / terrifying mess? Come and clean it up. Niamh gets infuriated / startled when people pronounce her name wrong, but it’s really difficult. Sam says the new series is thrilling / distressing, and he can’t stop watching it.

consideration songs in their dreams! A: I’ve got three offers from universities, but I’m finding it hard to have in mind . There are so many different factors to reach a decision . B: Well, let’s change your mind of each offer together. I need advice. I can’t weigh up the pros and cons how much money I need for my holiday. Are you sure you don’t want to come with us on Sunday? Let me know if you think through . The job is quite complex. You have to make a decision statistics and then predict new trends. There’s no need to analyse quickly. We have time to reflect the proposal carefully. After they lost the game, the manager asked the players to work out on their performance.

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first time. e She may get a new one for her birthday. f They couldn’t have taken the early train.

2 It’s 12 o’clock. They

2 Some songwriters say they take into

c She must have been studying very late.

A: I’m looking for a new laptop. B: Right! What sort of thing did you come up

b I suppose they can’t be selling enough stock.

Complete the sentences by writing the expressions in the correct place.

GRAMMAR 2

VOCABULARY 2

1 Complete the text using the correct passive form

1 Choose the correct answers.

of the verb in brackets.

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Part of a historical house in West Virginia 1 (damage) in a hurricane last week. The 250-room Raleigh House 2 (build) in 1890 for the Hamilton family. Since then it 3 (turn) into a museum containing more than 89,000 items which 4 (collect) from all over the world by Harold and Clara Hamilton before Harold died suddenly in 1914. At the time of the hurricane a new drama series 5 (film) in the house, but that has now stopped until the damage 6 (repair).

2 Complete the sentences using the correct passive

The local community centre has started a project to break 3 a habit / down barriers between different generations in our area. The aim is for people to develop a better 4 citizen / understanding of other people’s lives and 5 break free from / obey prejudice.

2 Complete the text with the words in the box.

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form of the verbs in the box.

This year our school is 1 conserving / cultivating vegetables for school lunches in a field behind the main building. The field is the 2 property / resources of a local farmer, but she is happy to let us use it.

can’t avoid could leave might choose may not consider must return should submit won’t inform would appreciate

aware breakthrough citizens obey respect Rights rule-breakers rule-breaking

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

Sometimes 1 can result in positive change, but it can also have consequences we might not realise. We know about famous 2 like Rosa Parks, who was honoured by the US Congress as the First Lady of Civil 3 . Her brave actions helped to make a 4 in the fight to challenge the unequal treatment of Black and white 5 . Although we see her as a hero, not many people nowadays are 6 that Rosa lost her job because of what she did, and was forced to move away from her home town. There must be thousands of people who refused to 7 unfair rules but were not successful in changing those rules, at least not immediately. In fact, many of those people who have earned our 8 many years later were severely punished for their actions at the time.

3 Look back at your work in Units 7 and 8.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

1 2

All reference books to the librarian by 5.30 pm at the latest. My brother to compete in the Olympics, but he by the Olympic Committee until next week. Online orders for our new collection by 2nd May. Any orders received after this date . It if any clothes donations with Mrs Khan in reception. I will be late now because the early train has just been cancelled. I’m sorry, but it .

3 Look back at your work in Units 7 and 8.

ecision-making and thought processes d -ed/-ing adjectives for emotions good citizenship phrases with break 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that you have improved most in. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of vocabulary that you think you’ll use the most in the future. Review 4

odal verbs of deduction (present and M future) Modal verbs of deduction (past) The passive Modal verbs in the passive 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you have improved most in. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you’ll use most in future.

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE? VOCABULARY

3 Complete the texts with words from the box. demanding low paid monotonous permanent prestigious rewarding skilled stimulating stress free temporary unskilled well paid

DESCRIBING WORK AND JOBS

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1 Choose the correct answers. First I had a six-month permanent / temporary contract, but then they gave me a permanent / temporary contract, so I don’t have to leave. This is a stress-free / demanding job – there’s always a lot to do and important decisions to be made. I enjoy this job and it makes me feel useful. It’s very monotonous / rewarding. You need three years of training. It’s a low-status / skilled job. There’s a lot of creativity in what I do now. It’s a really stimulating / unskilled job. Anyone could do this job – it’s totally demanding / unskilled. I suppose that’s why it’s a low-status / well-paid job.

I’m an accountant. I have letters after my name showing all my qualifications so I suppose it’s a 1 job, but, if I’m honest, it’s a bit 2 .I basically do the same thing year after year with different people’s accounts. It’s quite 3 , though, so at least I can afford fantastic holidays.

5 6

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I love being a graphic designer. I need to think up creative ideas, which is very 4 . I started at this company on a 5 contract, but I got on well with the team and they asked me to stay. The worst thing is that some clients can be very 6 !

2 Match the photos to the job descriptions and write the name of the job. a

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE?

STRETCH! Think of two jobs and write short

texts about them like the ones in Exercise 2, using vocabulary from this page.

I work as a shop assistant in a bakery. It’s 10 work, but the customers are great, I get free bread and cakes, and it’s 11 too. My previous job was very stressful. I never expected this to be a 12 job, but I’ve been here for ten years now!

Being a can be monotonous, and it’s low paid and low status, but it’s totally stress free. People imagine it’s unrewarding, but when I’ve finished and everything looks better, it’s quite the opposite for me! 2 I’m a . It’s a prestigious job, but it’s very demanding too. It’s well paid now, but there were years of training to get here. 3 My job as a is very rewarding, but it’s demanding too. It isn’t particularly well paid, and it’s not a stress-free job, but I love it! 4 Being a is a skilled job. People think it’s monotonous, but looking at problems and fixing them is quite stimulating. It’s not stress free, though, as everyone wants you to do the job quickly! 1

I’m a physiotherapist in a hospital. I’m 7 at my job and it’s 8 to help people get better. The only problem is it’s quite 9 , at least at the moment. I could do with a higher salary.

READING

1 Match the photos to two of

the job headings from the text below. Then read the text quickly to check.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 7

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2 Read the text again. For questions 1–10, choose from the jobs (A—D). The jobs may be chosen more than once.

Which person … 1 is confident they’re the best person for the job? 2 is making good use of their university degree? 3 suggests that only certain people would find the job interesting? 4 needed a wide range of skills to get the job? 5 says their job depends on no one realising who they are? 6 feels that they enable the company to find out consumers’ opinions? 7 makes the point that their job is more difficult than people realise? 8 has worked for their company for some time? 9 is responsible for dealing with problems people share in public? 10 got into the job as a result of helping someone?

1 2

3 4

5 6

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Unusual Jobs A PROFESSIONAL HOTEL GUEST

My job involves getting paid to stay in luxury hotels! After several years working in the hospitality industry and rising to manager, I offered to assess a colleague’s new hotel, and reported back with recommendations for improvements. That gave me the idea of doing this full time. I used my contacts in the business to get work, and now I never stop. Obviously, you have to pretend you’re a normal guest, so no one knows what you’re doing. It’s not all relaxation, though. I have to evaluate all the facilities, from reception to restaurants to gyms or spas, check cleanliness and the service that staff provide, including room service and housekeeping. There’s always a lot to do in a short time, and then I write a detailed report for the hotel owner. It can be demanding, but I usually get a good night’s sleep!

C MOVIE WATCHER

I’ve always loved films, and now I’ve started living the dream, working for a film and TV streaming company. My official job title is editorial analyst, and I watch films and TV programmes and categorise them for subscribers. I have to research each one first, then tag it according to genre and sub-genre, and give it a star rating, before entering all this data, along with the cast and other details, in the catalogue. I graduated in media studies and worked in TV for five years, the minimum qualifications. I got the job, which hundreds of people applied for, after a long application process. I had to go through several interviews and write reviews quickly to strict deadlines. My fluent Spanish and knowledge of publishing software also helped. Now I work in a fantastic team – luckily, as the job can be a lot more stressful than you think.

D CHIEF LISTENING OFFICER

Although my job title sounds like I go around listening to office conversations, actually it’s a serious role. I work in the marketing department to manage the social media policy of the company I work for. The ‘listening’ refers to the fact that I monitor and respond to social media posts about the company, and make sure that other departments and the people who take decisions are aware of the feedback we’re getting, both good and bad. As a result, we often provide better customer support, especially when clients post about their problems on media sites. I started working here straight from university, so I had developed good knowledge of our products. I was also a user of social media, and putting the two things together made sense.

We often hear of computer systems being hacked by criminals. My job is to do the same thing, but for very different reasons. Companies hire me to try and hack into their system and identify any weaknesses. Obviously, I’m an expert in all aspects of cybersecurity, and I’m very good at my job. If I can’t hack the system, no one can! I look for vulnerabilities to try and hack into, and so identify areas in the system that need improving. Finally, I recommend repairs to ensure the system is protected from hackers looking to steal data or demand money. The job itself is quite stimulating, for an IT geek like me, anyway, as it involves keeping up to date with IT developments as well as what the criminal hackers are doing. It’s rewarding to know that, even though people are unaware of my work, I’m keeping people and data safe!

B ETHICAL HACKER

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE?

GRAMMAR

3 Complete the text about a shop. Use the

RELATIVE CLAUSES

information in sentences 1–7 to make a relative clause in the gap with the same number.

1 Match the sentence halves. Which relative

Morten’s of Ilkley is a place

pronouns can be left out? 1 2

I think that’s the building 1998 was the year Is that the man I didn’t get the job The company that hired him We’re looking for someone The job, which was never advertised,

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. It is a traditional household-goods shop 2 . The shop, 3 , often employs teenagers who stay for a long time. David Jowett, 4 , has worked at Morten’s since 1980. Now David, 5 , has bought the shop. Sharon, 6 , says they will continue to run Morten’s as a traditional shop. So it’s one shop 7 , although the Jowetts have started a Facebook page. 1

4 5

a which I really wanted until a year later. b who has more IT experience.

c where my mum used to have an office. d whose job you got when he left?

A job for life really seems to exist there. Morten’s stocks over 40,000 items. 3 The shop was founded by Ralph Morten in 1937. 4 David started as a Saturday delivery boy when he was 16. 5 David’s wife Sharon also works there. 6 Sharon manages the accounts and administration. 7 The shop is unlikely to have a website. 1

e was given to the boss’s son.

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when the company was founded. g is based in New York. f

2 Complete the text with the relative clauses A–G.

Write one letter in each gap.

MODALS OF OBLIGATION, NECESSITY AND ADVICE IN THE PAST

4 Choose the correct answers. In one sentence both are correct. 1

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE?

I didn’t have to / was supposed to work last Saturday but I was ill, so I couldn’t. I spent ages yesterday writing the report, but I needn’t have done / ought to have done it. My boss told me today she doesn’t need it any more. When my sister started work at the clinic, she was disappointed because she didn’t have to / didn’t need to wear a uniform. I had to prepare / should have prepared for the job interview more. I didn’t know what to say to some of the questions they asked me. We had to learn / ought to have learned a new software program at work today, but it didn’t take long because it wasn’t difficult. You ought to have come / weren’t supposed to come to the training session. You missed some really useful stuff.

My first job, 1 , was as a server. It was in the summer of the year 2 , before I went to university. I worked in a local café owned by a woman called Miriam,3 . It was the kind of place 4 , so my job wasn’t very difficult, and I enjoyed it. One lunchtime I was very busy because the other server 5 was ill. A customer with a small child came in, but I didn’t notice that the little girl got down under the table to play. As I brought the food to the table 6 , she jumped out to surprise me. I screamed, 7 , and dropped the food on the floor. I felt really embarrassed, but everyone else was laughing. A whose son was in my class at school B where the little girl was hiding C which I was very excited about D I graduated from high school E which made everyone in the café look at me F that served drinks and snacks G who usually worked at lunchtime

5 Complete the text with the correct form of a modal verb of obligation, necessity or advice in the past.

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Donna didn’t find a job straight after university. Her parents said she 1 studied Latin and Greek. They thought she 2 taken a more useful degree, like Chinese. But Donna then applied to train as a museum curator, looking after and translating ancient texts. She 3 wait long before her application was accepted, and her parents were amazed. Donna told them they 4 had more faith in her!

6 Complete the conversations using the verbs in the box with an appropriate modal verb.

STRETCH! Find and correct the mistakes in the

sentences. 1 2 3 4 5 6

I got the first job I applied for so I needn’t have applied for any others. I saw online that the company which I started work as a teenager has closed down. Paul shouldn’t left work early yesterday. He’s going to be in trouble with the boss today. I think Mr Jenkins, that is staying in Room 604, may be an actor. My father took over running the business, whose father started it in 1973. Did I ought to have been at the meeting?

VOCABULARY WORK

1 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in the box.

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ask bother buy have look start take tell

A: You 1 that summer job. Why didn’t you? The money was good.

B: True, but the conditions were terrible. You 2 work at six o’clock in the morning, and work seven days a week! Have you found a job yet?

be change do x 3 earn get have run take

2 3

A: Yes, I’m working at the pizzeria. But I 3 my sister. Now she keeps asking for free pizza.

B: Are you working today?

A: Yes. I 4 the day off today, but Carlo asked me if I could work. And I need the money! A: How was your first day at the office?

A: So you 8 suit after all, then?

B: What could I do? The manager was very nice. He said that I 7 smart unless I was going to a meeting with a client.

A: What did you do?

B: Embarrassing! I wore my new suit but I5 . Everyone else was wearing jeans. I suppose I6 at the interview, but I didn’t think of it.

It’s hard to manual labour in the middle of the day in the hot sun. Nina promoted after she’d worked there for a year. Apparently Generation Z think that a good work-life balance is very important. Eric knew that his own business was his ambition. I couldn’t believe it when she career at the age of 53! Lots of creative fields, like design, require you to an internship to gain work experience. The boss often time off to go and play golf. My brother out of work for months before he found a new job. I’m a lot of overtime at the moment to save money for my holiday. Young artists say it’s hard to a living from art alone.

a new

B: Well, not yet, anyway.

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE? |

WRITING

LANGUAGE FOCUS Read the letter again and

look for the following:

A LETTER OF APPLICATION

1 Has anyone you know been a lifeguard at a

2 Expressions you can always use in a letter of

swimming pool? Which of these qualities do you think are important for the job?

application: a to introduce your letter:

physical fitness alertness a sense of responsibility being a good swimmer knowledge of first aid staying calm under pressure

b to say why you’re a good candidate: c to express your enthusiasm for the job: d to finish your letter before signing off:

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• • • • • •

2 Read the task and a student’s answer. Does she mention any of the qualities in Exercise 1?

You have seen the following online job advertisement.

Summer Splash swimming pool is looking for young people with a good sense of responsibility to work as lifeguards this summer. Please apply to Mr Green, saying why you are suitable for the job.

Dear Mr Green,

I am writing to apply for a job as a lifeguard at Summer Splash, which I saw advertised online.

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE?

Paragraph 2 Your qualities and experience for the job

Paragraph 3 Summarise your enthusiasm for the job Closing sentence

EXAM TIP

Start your letter with Dear + the name of the person in the advertisement. Finish with the sign-off Yours sincerely, and your full name.

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 2

5 Read the exam task below. Write your letter of application (around 140–190 words).

You have seen the following online job advertisement.

• Are you a good communicator? • Do you know a lot about coffee, tea and other refreshments?

• Do you appreciate good customer service? The museum café is looking for young people to work as café assistants this summer. Please apply to Mrs James, saying why you are suitable for the job.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Paragraph 1 Reason for writing

I would very much like to become a lifeguard at your swimming pool. I believe I would enjoy the experience and be an ideal member of your team.

Victoria Garcia

Read the task in Exercise 5 and plan your answer using the paragraph plan.

My passion for swimming and experience playing on a water polo team have made me very confident in the water. In addition, I obtained a lifesaving certificate last year, to prepare for a coaching job, and have some knowledge of first aid. For the last year I have coached young children in swimming and water polo. This requires a sense of responsibility, and awareness of any possible risks in the water. I believe this coaching experience would be very useful for me as a lifeguard. Furthermore, I have been told that I stay calm under pressure, which would also be a benefit in the job. I am sure I could focus on ensuring that everyone stays safe in the pool, and deal with any emergencies.

Yours sincerely,

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• Are you a strong swimmer? • Do you stay calm under pressure? • Do you have lifesaving skills?

Two expressions to introduce more information:

SELF-EVALUATION Check your writing:

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Content: Have you included relevant information? Communication: Have you explained clearly why you are appropriate for the job? Organisation: Have you included information in paragraphs as appropriate? Language: Have you used set expressions for this kind of letter?

LISTENING

1 Do you know anyone who has worked or

2 Do you think young people feel positively or

negatively about the two aspects of working or volunteering abroad below? Can you think of any other reasons why they might appreciate the experience?

• getting out of your comfort zone • meeting young people from other countries • • EXAM TIP If you’re at all unsure of an answer after the first listen, wait until the second listen to make a final decision. You shouldn’t decide too quickly.

EXAM TASK LISTENING PART 3

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volunteered (worked for free) abroad? What are the jobs in the photos? What other jobs are available for young people to do abroad?

9.1 You will hear five short extracts in which people talk about working and volunteering abroad. For questions 1—5, choose from the list (A—H) what each speaker says about it. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.

A The job wasn’t what I had expected it to be. B It involved lots of different responsibilities. C It was hard to find a place to live.

D I appreciated the work environment more

than the job itself.

E I was glad I had previous experience of

the work.

F It allowed me to do something I love.

G The social life was the most important

aspect. H I chose it with my future career in mind. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5

1 2 3 4 5

4 If you worked or volunteered abroad, which of the

experiences from the audio would you choose to do and why? Write your answer here.

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE?

| 81

THE WORLD OF WORK IS CHANGING FAST AND WE NEED TO PREPARE OURSELVES FOR IT.

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1 THINK LIKELY JOBS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE STARTING WORK

WHAT’S INVOLVED NOW AND FUTURE CHANGES

My partner is:

Tips for Think

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It might be useful to focus on a job you’re thinking of doing in the future.

OTHER CHANGES TO JOBS AND WORK

2 PREPARE

WAYS TO PREPARE BETTER FOR CHANGES

My job/area of work is

I’m working with

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE?

Possible changes in future:

Start by considering where the job is done now and if this could change in the future – e.g. a healthcare worker seeing patients in person versus telemedicine.

Tips for Prepare

Research: skills

qualifications What we need to do to prepare for change: experience

CHALLENGE 5

3 DEVELOP The future of work:

Tips for Develop

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In your presentation, include examples of specific jobs with how they are done now and future changes you predict.

Summary:

Aspects to present: how many sections?

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4 PRESENT

Type of presentation:

Fill in the table with who wi ll

Role:

present each part.

Person responsible:

overall introduction #1 section #2 section

take/answer questions

summarise and close the presentation

SELF-EVALUATION I can …

• •

show Draw a face to how you feel.

•

in the future. research one job and identify ways to adapt to future changes. actively participate in group discussion and decision-making. present my ideas clearly to my group and the class.

UNIT 9 A JOB FOR LIFE? |

• identify issues with jobs now and

When allocating roles, make sure everyone has the chance to do something they might not have done before.

Tips for Present

UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE VOCABULARY MIND AND BODY

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1 Circle the word or phrase that does NOT collocate with the word in bold. 1

adopt a healthy lifestyle / anxiety / good habits

2 suffer from / maintain / get anxiety 3 regular exercise / sessions / fitness

4 maintain depression / a healthy weight / fitness 5 mental illness / good habits / health

6 stress-related illness / anxiety / well-being 7 physical fitness / well-being / bad habits

8 medical care / treatment / exercise

OF ENGLISH PART 1

4 For questions 1–8, read the text below

and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 A feeling C sensation

B response D reaction

How many Friends

In these days of followers and likes, there’s a0 that the more friends you have, the happier you are. However, experts argue that that is not the 1 . Yes, people with strong social connections are less likely to 2 from depression. And while it is possible to increase your happiness and sense of 3 by chatting to acquaintances, in reality, close friends are essential to our well-being. Psychologists also say that people are only able to 4 a maximum number of five close friendships. Research also 5 that for most people, two or three close friends are plenty. It 6 considerable time and effort to establish and keep a close friendship going. Therefore, that only makes 7 if both people are making the same amount of effort. Close friendships should be mutually beneficial, and ones where you feel 8 in each other’s company, enjoy being together, and support one another through rough times.

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2 Complete the texts with words from the box.

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

conscious physical regular unwind

What’s the best way to 1 after doing an exam? Some people go for 2 exercise, like going swimming or playing a sport. One of my friends says 3 relaxation sessions work for her. Personally, if I’m on my own I’m 4 of the exams, so to take my mind off them I get together with friends to watch a film or something. adopt depression medical mental stress related well-being

STRETCH! Find and correct the mistakes.

3 4 6

| UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE

B concern D point

2 A feel C struggle

B suffer D experience

3 A balance C depth

B duty D belonging

4 A maintain C require

B adopt D defend

5 A points C claims

B resolves D indicates

6 A gives C means

B takes D makes

7 A sense C use

B worth D benefit

8 A restful C comfortable

B enjoyable D casual

It’s difficult to maintain yourself to a healthy weight if you overeat and aren’t active. I can’t go to the gym so I often do an online fit session after school. Do you know anyone who has had a stressedrelated health problem? I hope you went to the doctor to get some physical treatment for your headaches. It would be easier to adapt good habits this year if my friends did the same.

A matter C case

My older brother was sleeping badly, had low energy and stopped going out. The doctor said it was 5 , and now he’s having 6 treatment for it and feels better. He’s never had problems with his 7 health before, and we think that this is all 8 , connected with his demanding job. Now he has decided to leave that job, so he can 9 a healthy lifestyle and improve his mental 10 .

EXERCISING

YOUR BRAIN

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Lamine Yamal didn’t just make the news for his performances in the Spanish team at Euro 2024. The media also reported that he was attending online classes and doing his homework between matches. You might think that sport is likely to distract you from studying hard, but in fact research indicates that, in addition to the well-known health benefits, physical activity can boost your results at school.

There are good reasons for this: often students are better able to concentrate after physical activity. Also, being active is associated with better physical health; it is difficult to focus on schoolwork if you feel unwell. Moreover, exercise can actually be good for brain or ‘cognitive’ health. Aerobic fitness has been linked to increased brain function, perhaps because the brain is better supplied with oxygen. Physical exercise improves heart and lung strength, and can also have a positive impact on memory, meaning you are more able to absorb and remember what you are learning at school. Researchers at Public Health England also found that active students develop better control over their emotions, with this self-discipline allowing them to work harder.

Regular exercise is known to reduce stress because it releases endorphins or ‘happy chemicals’ in the brain, but did you know that it can also help you to access a different way of thinking? The engineer Professor Barbara Oakley has published several books about ‘learning how to learn’. She identifies two ways of thinking: focused and diffuse. Focused thinking occurs when we concentrate on a problem and use our knowledge to solve it based on familiar patterns. Diffuse thinking occurs when we aren’t consciously thinking about a problem, for example while we are swimming or cycling. In this state, the brain processes the problem in a more imaginative way. Suddenly: ‘Eureka!’ You make a connection that you hadn’t made before, which enables you to understand a difficult concept you’ve been studying.

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Scientists have also found a link between ‘executive function’, a set of skills that allows us to plan and coordinate tasks, and physical activities requiring controlled movements, such as martial arts and dancing. Decision-making during fast-paced sports like tennis and basketball also improves cognitive function. One interesting finding is that running, sprinting and team games such as hockey and football actually increase cognitive function for an hour after participation. So perhaps there is an argument for playing football before doing your homework!

READING

4 Match the description to one of the ways

the brain works in Exercise 3. Look back at the text to help you decide.

1 Decide whether these sentences are true or false. Then read the article to see if you were right.

A Before my exams I spent time reading

Doing physical exercise can help you get better marks for your schoolwork. 2 Aerobic exercise helps you to remember things better. 3 Doing homework immediately after doing sports is bad for your brain. 4 Exercise helps you to use your brain without you realising it.

through my schoolwork and making sure I understood all the information. I then made notes of the important points, and spent time trying to memorise them. B For the group project, we made a list of all the tasks to be done and how long they would take, and then put them in order. Next, we agreed the best person for each task, and then we all got to work. C I tried to think of a title for my essay but nothing came to mind, so I left it and went to the gym. In the middle of my Zumba class I suddenly thought of the perfect title.

Paragraph 2 Paragraph 4

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 3

2 Match the headings to the paragraph numbers.

A Improving brain function B Exercise and the way we think C How exercise improves results D Sport and studying

3 Find an activity mentioned in the text which can help you with these things. 1

executive function

2 cognitive function 3 diffuse thinking

Have you ever experienced a ‘Eureka!’ moment, where you solved a problem without consciously thinking about it? If so, what was it, and what were you doing? UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE

GRAMMAR

EXAM TASK READING AND USE

MIXED CONDITIONALS / CONJUNCTIONS

OF ENGLISH PART 2

4 Read the text below and think of the word

which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

1 Read the conditional sentence and choose the correct situation, a or b.

If I hadn’t started running, I wouldn’t be so healthy. a I started running last year and now I’m healthy. b I was healthy before and now I’ve started running. 2 If they wanted to be fit, they wouldn’t have spent the whole weekend playing video games. a They don’t want to be fit, so they plan to play video games all weekend. b They obviously don’t want to be fit, because they spent the whole weekend playing video games.

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2 3

Pedro feels tired. He went out last night.

I’m not a good runner. I came last in the race. Ada went swimming. She knows how to solve the problem now. Jess bought an expensive skateboard. Now she hasn’t got any money. You don’t care about your things. You left your bag at the gym. I started regular yoga sessions. I can manage my stress levels.

3 Choose the correct answers. In one sentence both are correct. 1

Provided that / Unless you carry on regular training, you will be able to do a good triathlon. As long as / Providing she follows the medical advice, she will make a quick recovery. Supposing / Providing people used AI to write their essays, would the teacher realise? On the condition that / Unless it’s really expensive, we’re going to sign up for a dance class. They’ve offered me the job on the condition that / supposing I do a first-aid course.

GIVING ADVICE

5 Complete the sentences with words from the box.

go had not started to went were would

3 4 5 6 7 8

UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE

It’s high time you

2 You

to bed. better not sit on the sofa

all day. spend less time If I were you, I working and more time relaxing. He’d better be late again. They should definitely to the amusement park on Saturday. We don’t think you ought run in the marathon. You haven’t done any training. Don’t you think it’s time you your revision? The first exam is next week. If I him, I’d wait for a response first.

If we all lived in houses built 150 years ago, would probably keep hitting we 0 our heads on the door frames. That is because those humans have got taller 1 houses were built. Experts say that this is due 2 improved diet, particularly during infancy and childhood. Better medical factor, meaning care is 3 people now suffer less from disease. Providing children eat enough calories as part of a general health varied diet, 4 will improve. This in turn increases people’s protection against illness, 5 results in people growing taller. Young people in average, Western Europe are, 6 ten centimetres taller than their ancestors. However, scientists do not think this trend will account continue. If you take 7 human physiology, there is almost certainly a limit to this height increase. Heights have is likely stopped going up, so 8 we are already at this maximum height.

humans get?

TALL will

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2 Write a mixed-conditional sentence using the information.

How

6 Complete the conversations using the words provided.

STRETCH! Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given.

B: You definitely 1 (ought / not / do) that. Exercise is good for your brain!

A: I’m feeling a bit stressed. Do you think I’ll get anxiety?

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A: My parents want me to give up hockey and focus on schoolwork. What do you think?

B: No, and if I were you, I (not / worry) about that. Maybe you 3 (should / think) about organising your time better so you don’t feel so stressed. 2

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A: You’re right. It’s time I 4 (start) to plan my life a bit better!

A: Are you free now? It’s about 5 (time / go) online to book our holiday. B: You’re right! We

(better / make) some decisions or there won’t be any good deals left!

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

VOCABULARY EMOTIONS

1 Complete the sentences with the adjectives from the box.

appalled baffled concerned content devastated furious melancholy overjoyed

7 Complete the sentences with an adverb from the box.

as long as because before despite everywhere so as not to whenever 1 2

6 7

4 5

UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE |

Josh was when he finished the Olympic final in last place, because he’d expected to win. I’ve no idea why Mary isn’t speaking to me at the moment. I haven’t done anything. I’m . Watching that film made me feel quite . Now I need cheering up. That was a good presentation. You must be feeling with your work. I’m a bit about having enough money for the whole weekend. I’ve spent quite a lot already. My sister was with me when she found out I’d borrowed her jacket without asking. Everyone was when the new youth centre was broken into and things were smashed. Thea was to win a gold medal at the World Championships. All her hard work was worth it.

Aren’t you fed up with this summer’s hit song? You hear it you go! I’ll come shopping with you we can be back by six. I learned some breathing techniques to keep calm I used to get anxious before exams. Eva had walked halfway home she remembered that she was meeting her mum in town. Jaden decided not to go out on Friday be tired on Saturday. He had a match to play at ten o’clock. not wanting to see the film, I enjoyed it. I go swimming I have the time. It’s a great way to de-stress.

We should buy the tickets before they’re sold out. It’s high the tickets – they’ll soon be sold out. (time) We can go to the beach later, providing it doesn’t rain. , we can go to the beach later. (unless) He’s begun to do yoga so as not to get so stressed. He’s begun to do yoga get so stressed. (that) Yesterday I played tennis for hours and now I’m exhausted. If I tennis for hours yesterday, I wouldn’t be exhausted now. (played) I’m on holiday, so I didn’t start my new project last week. If I wasn’t on holiday, I my new project last week. (would)

WRITING

2 Read the essay again. Does the writer include all

AN ESSAY

the points in the task? What is their own idea?

1 Read the task. Then read the essay below

(with gaps). Does the writer agree or disagree?

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In your English class you have been discussing habits and technology use. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on this question.

Everyone should be encouraged to have a 24-hour digital detox once a month. Do you agree?

• reasons in favour • difficulties • ……… (your own idea)

Paragraph

It’s hard to imagine life without screens, but a 24-hour digital detox once a month, when you unplug all your technology 1 give your mind and body a break, is something to consider.

Why is that? Firstly, it makes you focus on face-to-face communication and feel closer to friends and family. Secondly, because you are not constantly interrupted, you can concentrate on other use your time better. things 2 Thirdly, turning off notifications helps reduce feelings of urgency, so you can relax.

it sounds good, it isn’t easy, friends will post things and be annoyed if you don’t respond. Having everything switched off doesn’t stop you thinking about what you are missing. You might need to contact someone urgently. 3 4

D an adverbial phrase of reason

4 The writer wrote the essay with five paragraphs. What is the function of each paragraph in the essay?

In conclusion, if I hadn’t done it, I now wouldn’t agree with it, 7 I think it really is beneficial. It’s time you tried it yourself.

UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE

5 Read the task in Exercise 6 and plan your essay.

Make notes for each paragraph. Use a similar plan to the one in Exercise 4 and follow the task carefully. Decide what your own idea is and also whether you agree or disagree. Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 Paragraph 5

Paragraph 1: Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5:

Here are some tips. Detox at the is best for you. weekend, or 5 Tell your friends in advance, 6 they don’t react badly. Maybe they could join you? Organise activities to occupy your mind, like meeting friends, watching a film with your family, or going for a walk.

B an adverbial phrase of purpose

A an adverbial phrase of time

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U I

although given that in order to so as to so that whenever whereas

C an adverbial phrase of concession

Write about:

LANGUAGE FOCUS Complete the essay using the words and phrases in the box to make adverbial phrases. Then match the phrases to their type.

EXAM TASK WRITING PART 1

6 You have been discussing learning and sleep

in class. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on this question.

2 3

Some people say teenagers should start school at 10 am. Do you agree?

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Write about: 1 getting enough sleep 2 concentration and daily routine 3 ……… (your own idea)

Use the information in your notes from Exercise 5 to write your essay. Write 140–190 words.

Check your writing:

Content: Have you included all the information? Communication: Have you explained your ideas clearly, in a way the reader can understand? Organisation: Have you included information in paragraphs as appropriate? Language: Have you used adverbial phrases appropriately?

LISTENING 1 What is wellness?

4 5

Wellness activities go in and out of fashion. Working out with your gaming console requires getting equipment. Phone apps for running sessions involve the runner in a game. Norwegians don’t go outdoors much if the weather is bad. The point of journalling is to write about your mental health.

Now answer these questions and explain why, in your opinion. Listen again if you need to. Which wellness trend … does Olivia seem most enthusiastic about?

2 do you think Ravi likes best?

3 has the least impact on the environment? 4 is the most sociable? 5 is good for someone creative?

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SELF-EVALUATION

10.1 Listen to the podcast again. According to Olivia and Ravi, are these statements true or false?

6 Which of the new trends in the podcast would you most and least like to try? Write a few sentences explaining why.

a activities to make people healthier and happier b the state of being healthy, especially when you

actively try to be

c therapies to keep people healthy

2 Have you heard of these things? What do you think they are?

c journalling

10.1 Listen to the podcast about wellness trends. Were your answers in Exercises 1 and 2 correct?

b friluftsliv

a fitness gaming

UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE

PARTICIPATING ACTIVELY IN A ROLE PLAY

I’m role playing with:

1 USING THE CORRECT LEVEL OF

FORMAL OR INFORMAL LANGUAGE

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Prepare how you will start and finish your role play, and the points you want to make. Make notes here.

We have chosen to role play situation: My role is:

contractions Y / N

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What kind of language will you use in the role play?

slang Y / N

colloquial expressions Y / N

2 RESPONDING RESPECTFULLY TO ONE ANOTHER Put the phrases in the correct category. Indicate (with a *) which ones you can use in your role play.

I appreciate that. I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. I’m not sure if that’s true. I’m sorry to hear that. I see your point, but that’s not the case. It must be tricky. Let’s agree to disagree. Really? I see. Thank you for telling me this. That must have been difficult.

Expressing understanding

Expressing thanks

Disagreeing

UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE

To sound respectful or sympathetic, you need to think about the words you use, but your tone of voice is important too. Avoid speaking too loudly. Practise ‘acting’ by saying the phrases in a respectful or sympathetic way.

Write down some other phrases you could use to respond respectively.

Tip

3 MAKING POSITIVE COMMENTS ON

ORACY 5

THE IDEAS OF OTHERS

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Complete the phrases using the words in the box. about mean point really tell thought true what

1 Oh, ? That’s interesting! you . 2 I see me more 3 Can you ! 4 Yes, that’s . 5 That’s a good of that. 6 Yes, I hadn’t

it?

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Are there any other phrases that you could use? Write them here.

show Draw a face to you feel.

After the role play

SELF-EVALUATION

What things can you improve?

What things did you do well?

how

I can …

• use an appropriate level of formal or informal language.

• respond respectfully to my partner. • make positive comments on what my •

partner was saying. participate effectively in a role play.

UNIT 10 PERSONAL MAINTENANCE |

REVIEW 5 UNITS 9 & 10 GRAMMAR 1

VOCABULARY 1

1 Complete the text with relative pronouns. Which

1 Match the job vocabulary opposites.

pronouns can be left out?

Jodie, had always wanted to be a pilot like her father, worked hard at school, 2 she studied science subjects. Her father, 3 career was very successful, started giving her flying lessons when she was 16. She loved flying light aircraft, 4 made her feel happy and free. When she left school, she joined the flight academy 5 her father had gone to. More women were training to be pilots there than in her dad’s time, 6 pleased Jodie. Learning to fly the large aircraft 7 passenger airlines used was quite a challenge. However, Jodie was determined, and the day 8 she finally got her commercial pilot’s licence, the whole family celebrated. 1

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2 3 4 5 6

Everyone needn’t have / was supposed to read the document before the meeting, but it’s obvious most people haven’t. The manager needn’t / shouldn’t have arrived late. It’s not professional. The company had to offer / ought to have offered them better contracts. Now they’ve both left. We didn’t have to / didn’t need to sign up for the conference. Anyone could attend. We were supposed to / needed to dress smartly to visit the new clients. I wore a suit. We didn’t need to write down / ought to have written down the information. It was all sent in an email.

3 Complete the text with one word in each gap. Do not use any word more than once.

d e f

2 Choose the correct answers. 1 2

Even though a gardener does manual labour / an internship, I think it’s a skilled / monotonous job. It’s difficult to do a demanding / stress-free job like being a head chef in a restaurant and earn a living / have a good work-life balance. Nursing is a rewarding / temporary job, so I don’t mind the fact that it isn’t very well paid / low status. Mo realised there was no opportunity to get promoted / be out of work in his current job at the museum, so he decided to change career / run a business and train as a teacher. Jan’s job as an office cleaner was unrewarding / prestigious but she had plenty of overtime so she managed to earn a good living / take lots of time off.

3 Complete the text with words from the box.

demanding an internship monotonous out of work prestigious promoted temporary time off well paid

Emily has had a few jobs. When she was a student she had lots of 1 jobs, like waiting tables, which could be 2 when the restaurant got busy but it was also fun. The most 3 job was packing tins in a biscuit factory, but the biscuits were good! After she finished university she applied to do 4 at an advertising agency, but she was unsuccessful, and she was 5 for a few weeks until she got a job in a 6 hotel chain. Over the next ten years Emily worked very hard and didn’t take much 7 . As a result, she got 8 several times, until she was very 9 .

Review 5

stimulating temporary low-paid prestigious stress-free do overtime

Luke was a new employee. He was 1 to train for six months before working with clients, as he 2 to learn how things worked. However Luke, 3 mother was Spanish, was 4 asked by his boss, couldn’t speak any Spanish, to go on a business trip with her to Argentina, 5 the company had new clients. On the trip he 6 to do a lot of things for the first time that he ought 7 have learned at the office first. However, he needn’t 8 worried. Everything went well and he learned a lot! 92

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2 Choose the correct answers. In one case both are correct.

well-paid low-status demanding take time off monotonous permanent

VOCABULARY 2

GRAMMAR 2 1 Complete the sentences with mixed conditionals using the verbs provided.

If someone ever (tell) me a secret like that, I (not repeat) it to all my friends like Lara did. 2 This shop’s expensive. If I (know) what size I needed, I (could buy) it much cheaper online. 3 They (might lose) all their money if Clea (not be) so good at checking everything.

1 Choose the correct answers. 1

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4 5

a that I brought it to school today.

b it should be finished next month. c I finish my project.

d do you think I should buy this phone? e we don’t stay out too long.

3 Complete the conversation with advice phrases, using the words in brackets. A: I think 1

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I can’t come to the cinema unless I’ll go shopping with you provided She lent me the book on condition As long as everything goes to plan, Supposing I had enough money,

2 Match the sentence halves.

At my sports club the medical care / depression we are given if we get injured is really good. I was devastated / overjoyed when I hurt my knee, but the doctor helped me recover quickly. It seems more and more young people are suffering from anxiety / well-being. We need to do more to protect their conscious / mental health. The doctors were baffled / furious by Erin’s illness because they couldn’t find any reason why she had so many mental / physical symptoms like stomach pain and headaches. I’m doing my best to maintain / unwind a healthy weight and it’s working. I’m getting more conscious / melancholy of all the snacks I eat when I’m studying. Luis worked really hard but he has been off work for a month with a regular / stress-related illness. Everyone is concerned / content because it sounds quite serious. I hope he recovers soon.

(time / you / have) a weekend off. You work too hard. B: You’re right, I 2 (ought / take) some time off. I need a break. A: If 3 (I / you / be), I’d book a spa weekend in the countryside. We 4 (should / look) online and book now. B: Not now! I 5 (better / make) sure my boss is OK with the idea first!

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

When I found out the Youth Centre was closing, I was 1 . Many young people 2 go there to and hang out, and the youth workers there are fantastic. They are always 3 of looking after the 4 of the young people who go there, especially those who suffer from 5 -health problems, like anxiety and 6 . As soon as we heard, we wrote to the mayor to complain, and we were 7 when the council decided to keep it open.

SELF-ASSESSMENT!

3 Look back at your work in Units 9 and 10.

Review 5

escribing work and jobs d work mind and body emotions 1 Tick ✓ the vocabulary group that you have improved most in. 2 Circle the vocabulary group that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of vocabulary that you think you will use most in future.

Relative clauses Modals of obligation, necessity and advice in the past Mixed conditionals / conjunctions Giving advice 1 Tick ✓ the area of grammar that you have improved most in. 2 Circle the area of grammar that you need to work on more. 3 Underline the area of grammar that you think you will use most in future.

appalled conscious depression mental overjoyed unwind well-being

4 Look back at your work in Units 9 and 10.

2 Complete the text with the words in the box.

PRONUNCIATION UNIT 1

DIPHTHONGS: /aɪ/ AND /ɔɪ/

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1.2 Listen and repeat.

2 3

/aɪ/ fly identify

/ɔɪ/ voyage boy

5 6

2 Copy the table. Write the words in the correct

column according to the vowel sound.

1.3 Listen, check and repeat.

UNIT 2

UNIT 4 WEAK FORMS OF WAS AND WERE 1

2.2 Listen and repeat.

I’ll show you the photo later. /ə/ It’s a pre-digital camera. /ə/

2 Underline the stressed syllables and circle any unstressed syllables with /ə/. 1 2 3 4 6

2.3 Listen, check and repeat.

SENTENCE STRESS: QUANTIFIERS 1

2 Mark the stressed words in the sentences. 1 2 3 4 5

3.2 Listen and repeat.

| PRONUNCIATION

We had such a great time. It was so hot at the beach. There isn’t enough food. The tickets were too expensive. You’re so impatient sometimes! We’ve got enough time to walk there. 5.3 Listen, check and repeat.

5.2 Listen and repeat.

I find it so interesting. We live in such a small flat. I never have enough time. This shirt is too small.

PHRASAL VERBS: STRESSED WORD dress up turn out

4.4 Listen, check and repeat.

UNIT 5

UNIT 3

4.3 Listen and write the sentences you hear. You will hear each sentence twice.

It might take a little time. Are you going to the party? She stood on the stage. Jenny’s a storyteller. This is the best camera in the shop. Can we take a selfie?

4.2 Listen and repeat.

When were you going to tell me? /wə/ The film was about to start. /wəz/ They were planning to go. /wə/

UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES WITH /ə/ 1

Decorations are put up. Everyone joins in. We set up the music. Everyone dresses up. Lots of people turn out. We join in the dancing. Fireworks are let off. They light up the sky.

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/ɔɪ/

annoyed climb light itinerary join might scientific soil spoiled tie type /aɪ/

3.3 Listen to the sentences. When is the particle stressed and when do both words have the same stress?

UNIT 6

2 Match the words in Exercise 1 to the stress patterns.

VOWEL SOUNDS: /ɔ:/ /ɒ/ /əʊ/ 1

3 Ooo

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5 Oooo 6 ooOo

autograph follower popularity profile supermodel talent contest target audience troll /ɒ/

/əʊ/

7.2 Listen and repeat. Then choose the correct answers.

It can’t have been him. She must have realised. They might have left. You could have gone too. 1 With must and can’t the primary stress in the sentence is always / sometimes on the modal verb. 2 With could, may and might the primary stress is usually / never on the main verb. 3 The auxiliary verb have is never / sometimes stressed.

UNIT 9 CONNECTED SPEECH: LINKING AND INTRUSION 1

9.2 Listen and repeat. An extra sound links the words with this symbol  in each sentence. Do you hear /w/ or /j/ in each case?

7.3 Listen and write the sentences. Then mark the primary stress. You will hear each one twice.

I’d like to doan internship. 2 It’s hard to beout of work. 1

2 Say these phrases and sentences out loud.

Link the words together. Which extra sound, /w/ or /j/, do you say? 1

2 3

4 5

10.2 Listen and repeat two ways of saying a sentence. Which one is respectful? Why do you think that is? 1

Go on,

I’m listening. I’m listening.

2 Mark the stress and intonation on the

2 Go on,

sentences to make them respectful. 1

8.2 Listen and repeat. produce producer product productive unproductive science scientific scientist unscientific vary variable variation varied varying

9.3 Listen, check and repeat.

INTONATION IN RESPONSES

7.4 Listen, check and repeat.

WORD STRESS IN WORD FAMILIES

Yes, Iam working. I have to doovertime tonight. Iought to change career. They always doa good job. I want to goon a course.

UNIT 10

UNIT 8

8.3 Listen, check and repeat.

STRESS WITH PAST MODAL VERBS

7 oooOo

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6.3 Listen, check and repeat.

, ,

according to the vowel sounds in bold. One item has two sounds.

, ,

4 oOo

2 Copy the table. Write the items in the correct column

UNIT 7

2 oO

/ɔ:/ fall ought /ɒ/ got what /əʊ/ phone show

, ,

6.2 Listen and repeat.

/ɔ:/

Thank you for telling me this.

2 That must have been difficult. 3 I’m sorry to hear that.

10.3 Listen, check and repeat. PRONUNCIATION

VOCABULARY BUILDER UNIT 1 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the text with the vocabulary from Exercise 1.

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Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 1? Use the first letter and the number of letters to help you. Check you know what each word / phrase means.

TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION e

(10)

4 v

(6)

(5)

5 t 6 s

(9)

(7) a

9 s 10 G

(3) (4)

t s

WORLD ISSUES 13

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

(5,2,9)

(11)

14 c 15

(5,2,9)

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

8 c

We travelled down the River Nile in Egypt 1 a traditional sailing boat. The land in the Nile Valley is very 2 , with farmers producing rich crops and tall grasses growing at the edge of . the river where the water is 3 Away from the river valley, though, you soon reach a more 4 , desert environment, where little 5 grows.

(6)

7 i

(9) (9)

3 e

2 c

a p d e i m d o

(7) (6) (7)

3 Complete the text with the correct form of vocabulary from this page.

At trainbookers.com we specialise in designing holiday 1 of two weeks or longer in Africa, for people with a 2 , who love exploring and want a different kind of holiday. Get away from the crowd by stepping 3 our luxury trains. Taking the train gives you the 4 to travel long distances while relaxing and looking out at the countryside, and is a great way to 5 all the sights and sounds of Africa. The holidays we have on offer from Cape include travelling 6 Town in South Africa to Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe. As well as visiting the Falls, you can also see wild animals on a 7 in Kruger National Park. If you have the 8 to explore remote places, we will make sure there is no 9 of adventures for you to have. Start today by exploring our website!

(10) (10) (8) (7) (9) (6)

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Match the words in the box to the definitions. aboard capability f ertile hostile overland shallow shortage vegetation

5 6 7 8 96

VOCABULARY BUILDER

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to travel. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

a lack of something not by sea or air describes land that can produce good quality crops describes an environment where it’s hard to survive on a ship, plane or train plants in general, often wild plants in a specific area the potential ability to do or learn something, without necessarily doing it not very deep

UNIT 2 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the text with vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 2? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

TI PS FO R

* Try to avoid writing a

FACT AND FICTION 1

2 d

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3 g

4 d

5 b

6 e

7 s 8 f

c e

9 s

10 d

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

o d u o t p d p p d

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page in the correct form. There may be more than one possibility.

I’m 1 about reading, and love discovering new authors. However, I always 2 what I read on the back of new novels. After all, the people who write these things tend to 3 how good a book is, and I’ve often been disappointed. It’s all too easy to 4 the publicity you see, which can 5 you into thinking that a book will be amazing, when actually it’s nothing special. However, I was 6 to find that Tales from Everywhere by Lucie Faubel is an from exception. It brings to life 7 many different countries and traditions. Each chapter tells a new story, with a new 8 and other characters to get to know. What I loved the most was that the stories chosen were 9 , and made me feel that people can achieve great things when they try.

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the definitions with the words in the box. folklore gripping inspiring moving predictable protagonist rival suspense 1 2

6 7 8

The traditional stories and legends of a country or culture are its . is a feeling of excitement or nervousness when waiting for something to happen, often in a film or a book. The main character in a story is called the . When it’s easy to guess what will happen in a story, we say it’s . A person competing for the same thing as you is your . A story keeps your attention because it is interesting or exciting. If music or a story is , it gives you strong feelings of sadness or sympathy. If something is , it makes you feel you want to do something.

plot, like the protagonist waking up to find the whole story was a dream. Modernising a tale from ancient 2 is surprisingly effective. People often say there are no new stories, only variations on old ones. Ensure that the 3 in your novel is someone people can connect with. That will make the events of the story more 4 for the reader, especially if there is a sad ending. The way to make your story more 5 , so a reader won’t want to put your book down, is to make sure that the protagonist has a credible 6 , who is determined to stop them succeeding. It will also add to the 7 if it’s unclear how the story will end. Many people like a happy ending, so if the hero of your story overcomes difficulties to achieve joy, it can be very 8 for readers. 1

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DESCRIBING FEELINGS AND SITUATIONS 13

writing a novel

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to feelings. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

VOCABULARY BUILDER |

UNIT 3 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the texts with the correct form of the vocabulary in Exercise 1.

Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 3? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

My dad is a big Queen fan. He says their sound was so 1 that it influenced many musicians. Recently he took me to see a tribute band who tried to look like Queen, and who played 2 of Queen songs. Of course, the songs are really 3 and everyone there except 4 me knew all the and sang along. It was weird but fun!

CELEBRATIONS p

2 s

u o

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3 l

4 h 5 d 6 t

8 g

u (d

id u

h j

We always have a big family 5 at my house when it’s carnival time. First we go and see the 6 as it makes its way slowly through the city centre. I love seeing all the 7 , which are pretty spectacular, and the dancing. When the carnival has finished, we all go back home to eat. It’s my job to 8 the dishes afterwards, but I don’t mind!

)

10 p 12

9 d 11

)

7 t

(f a g b o a p

13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

-u s t

l s o h l c b m h b p

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page. There may be more than one possibility.

-u o

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MUSIC FESTIVALS

My class wanted to 1 at school to celebrate finishing our exams. However, the teachers said we couldn’t have it 2 , because there was no one to 3 the mess at the end. So we decided to have a 4 at a local karaoke club instead. I 5 in organising it. On the night everyone 6 in their party clothes, and we were 7 because we’d done our exams and holidays were coming up. Karaoke is great because you can choose what song to sing and you can see the 8 to help you (I can never remember them!). Everyone 9 , on their own or with a friend. You can see from all the photos that we had 10 .

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Match the definitions to the words and phrases in the box.

catchy clear away cover version distinctive float (n) gathering lyrics procession 1

move things that you’ve used at dinner, for example, and putting them back in their place

3 a song sung by someone else, not the original 4

6 7 8

VOCABULARY BUILDER

YOUR TURN

Find two more new words related to celebrations. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

performer a long line of people and/or vehicles in a public event or celebration when people meet up describes a song or tune that’s easy to remember describes something that’s unusual, so it’s easy to recognise a large, decorated vehicle in a carnival or celebration

2 the words of a song

UNIT 4 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the conversations with the correct form of vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 4? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

A: I stayed up late last night to The Quest. I only meant to watch a few 2 , but it’s so gripping I couldn’t stop! 1

PERFORMING ARTS 1

2 c

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3 r

B: I watched some of that once, because it has a good 3 of actors. But the 4 was so complicated and I kept forgetting who was who, so I gave up.

4 r

5 s

6 a

7 c 8 c

B: Yes, we managed to get two cheap tickets at the 5 the day before. It was amazing. There were incredible 6 I’d never seen before in a theatre. They were done using computer-generated imagery!

A: Did you go to see the musical?

9 s 10 s

e p

a p

13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

a h a

o o

a g

A: That was a fantastic documentary!

e t c a e s r c h d a r

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ENTERTAINMENT

B: Documentary? I didn’t realise it was true!

A: Yes, it was completely 7 . It was hard to read the 8 , though. They weren’t on screen for long.

B: At least the 9 The music was beautiful.

3 Complete the text with the correct form of vocabulary from this page.

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

Generally speaking, a film in a foreign language with 1 , or a moving contemporary or historical 2 , might win awards like the Oscars, but probably won’t make a lot of money at the 3 . So, what are the ingredients a film needs to be a big hit? Well, most film producers think that the 4 is important. If there is a bigname actor, it can make a difference. Comedy films, where you can have 5 , are always popular. However, the films with the biggest 6 are often 7 other worlds or dimensions, usually involve action heroes, and are full of amazing 8 .

1 Match the words in the box to the definitions. binge watch box office cast episode factual plot soundtrack special effects subtitles 1 2

6 7

8 images in a film that are created by technology

but look real 9 one part of a series, like a chapter in a book

all the actors in a production the story in a book or film the place in a theatre or cinema that sells tickets words shown at the bottom of a film or TV picture the music in a film describes a programme or article about real things spend hours watching a series

was relaxing.

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to performing arts. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

VOCABULARY BUILDER

UNIT 5 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 5? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES d i i i i u u i u d

1 2 3 5

6 7

p d s p a r m c

12 13 14

16 17 18

w l a c d b o c e

-i

e a g b

y w

s a b

h a w

SELF-IMPROVEMENT 11

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VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Complete the texts with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box.

2 Complete the text with the correct form of vocabulary from this page.

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

The flat was a mess! Toni always left her things lying around in a totally 1 way. Not only was it 2 to her two flatmates, it also made her feel stressed. But how can you break a 3 ? It’s not easy to change 4 , and although Toni didn’t lack 5 , she worked long hours in a hard job. She wasn’t naturally tidy, so she needed help to 6 that weakness. So her flatmates decided to be 7 and help her get organised. One weekend the three girls spent hours cleaning and tidying up. They sorted out all Toni’s stuff and helped her put everything away neatly. Actually, it was a good way to 8 stress! When they’d finished the flat looked great, and the whole process boosted everyone’s 9 . Toni promised to be tidy from now on, but that might be an 10 because she has started a second job!

be proactive boost your mood build your self-esteem inconsiderate lack motivation life hack unimaginative unsympathetic This time last year I really

. I had no energy and wasn’t enthusiastic about anything in my life. I thought my best friend would understand, but she was quite 2 and just told me to make more effort. Luckily, my sister realised there was a problem and, as she 3 about things, she suggested going running. We started running together, and I loved it. Running is a great way to 4 if you’re feeling a bit down. Now I feel a lot better and more energetic. And I don’t want to boast, but I’ve discovered that I’m actually a really good runner. Running has helped to 5 and encouraged me to take on new challenges. 1

VOCABULARY BUILDER

Find two more new words related to personality or self-improvement. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

100

to help me deal with stress and organise my time better? Most people think I’m a very 7 person because I often arrange to do things and then forget, or turn up very late. I’m surprised my friends can’t see how stressed I am, but they’re so 8 they wouldn’t have any ideas about how to help me anyway. 6

YOUR TURN

Do you know any good

UNIT 6 MY VOCABULARY Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 6? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

ADVERB AND ADJECTIVE COLLOCATIONS

CELEBRITY 1 2 3

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s t p t f p a s f h t p

6 7

16 17 18 19 20

t w c p w t h w

d k a c r u s r

VOCABULARY EXTENSION phrases in the box.

2 Complete the text with one word in each gap using

ss se As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

1 Complete the sentences with the words and

vocabulary from this page.

blissfully happy fully prepared highly recommended lavish party painfully shy press coverage publicity vaguely familiar VIP treatment 1

3 4

Greta Garbo was a highly 1 Swedish actor who became a 2 in Hollywood and starred 3 in acclaimed film classics in the first half of the 20th century. Maybe she was painfully 4 , because she rarely did interviews. She also refused to sign 5 for fans. She wasn’t 6 recognised in the street either, because she often wore men’s clothes and sunglasses as a disguise. She didn’t go out to 7 parties or appear at many public events because she hated and avoided 8 , although as a result the film studio gave her the image of a silent, mysterious woman. In fact, Greta was probably most widely 9 for the quote ‘I want to be alone.’ She retired young, turning her back on 10 completely to become an art collector. I wonder how she would have survived in the 21st century?

To celebrate winning her tenth Oscar, Meryl held a for all her friends. When Liam was at school he was and never said a word, but now he’s much more confident. This restaurant is so I hope the food is as good as they say. There was a lot of for the play on TV and social media, and the theatre was full every night. I felt when I was sitting on the beach watching the waves and the beautiful sunset. Do you recognise that man over there? He looks so he may be on TV. When they realised I was an Olympic gold medallist they gave me the , including a bigger room! The of the wedding was extreme, with journalists and photographers everywhere. It rained on the day of the film premiere, but luckily we were and no one got wet.

GRETA GARBO

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to celebrity. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

VOCABULARY BUILDER |

101

UNIT 7 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the text with the correct form of the vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 7? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

When you 1 all the things that can go wrong, deciding to start your own business isn’t easy. Marisa was bored in her job, and she 2 of setting herself up as a life coach. She 3 the idea for a few months but finally told her boss she was leaving. Her workmates were 4 , as Marisa did her job well and was fun to work with. When she told her family what her plans were they were 5 , because Marisa never took risks. They thought she might 6 her decision, but Marisa was sure she would be successful, and she was right.

DECISION-MAKING AND THOUGHT PROCESSES 1

r u o

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2 c

3 w 4 c

w y

5 a

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a d u t a d o

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9 m 10 t

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

3 Complete the text with one word in each

gap using the correct form of vocabulary from this page. There may be more than one possibility.

-ED/-ING ADJECTIVES FOR EMOTIONS t tr c d p a i th s d s i

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Match the words and phrases in the box to their definitions. astounded go back on gutted have a bright idea mull over stunned take into account think twice change a decision or agreement

4 consider one or more things when making a decision 5 think of an intelligent way to do something 6 consider something more carefully 7 extremely disappointed 102

VOCABULARY BUILDER

Find two more new words related to decision-making. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

; 3 think carefully about something for a long time

YOUR TURN

2 very surprised or shocked (two answers)

I wish I was like my friend Scott, who took five minutes to decide to move to New York. ‘I didn’t think 1 about it,’ he said. ‘I just knew it was the right thing to do.’ Now he’s had the 2 idea of asking me to go with him! I’m terrible at 3 important decisions, though. There are so many things you need to take into 4 about moving to another city. I started by making a list to 5 up the pros and cons. The next step is to 6 which things in the list are most important. I often take months to 7 over what to do before I 8 an important decision, but Scott wants me to decide soon. He thinks I should move to New York, and if I 9 my mind later on, I can always come back. He says it’s fine for on my decision if me to go 10 it doesn’t work out. Maybe he’s right!

UNIT 8 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the texts with vocabulary from Exercise 1 in the correct form.

Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 8? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

I’m involved in a community project to fight against 1 in education, especially access to university. We want to create more 2 of opportunity for teenagers in our area. We need young people who’ve been to university and who are prepared to do some 3 every month to advise people still at school. Our aim is to 4 of professionals who will support young people from the area.

GOOD CITIZENSHIP 1

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4 c 5 c 6 r

7 c

8 a

9 r 11 12

When Mariah finished her law degree she was looking for a training contact with a law firm but she couldn’t 5 . She felt there was no 6 in the world if people like her, with no family connections, couldn’t 7 the legal profession. However, she made sure she didn’t 8 contact with her university friends in case they knew of any opportunities. Finally, a friend told her that his firm was hiring and she got a place.

10 p

r u

13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

a h -b t a r d t -b a b a r f

b r b b b b b ar m b b

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PHRASES WITH BREAK

3 Complete the text with vocabulary from this page. Water, one of the earth’s critical natural 1 , is affected by climate change. So is food production, increasing the 2 between small farmers and large agricultural businesses. Nowadays, all farmers are 3 of the need to find new varieties of crops which they can 4 in a hotter, drier climate. Scientists all over the world are working to develop new crops. Research has given scientists a better 5 of how plants can be made more resistant to drought, or severe water shortages. In Brazil, scientists have made a 6 in developing droughtresistant beans. In the USA, genetic modification is used, but not everyone thinks that the companies doing this are 7 . They worry that the seeds will remain the 8 of those companies, and farmers will lose the right to reuse seeds. Losing this right would be a terrible 9 for small farmers, who cannot afford to buy new seeds every year.

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Match the words in the box to the definitions. break into break off build a community catch a break (in)equality (in)justice voluntary work

5 have some luck or a lucky opportunity 6 construct a group of people who have

something in common, like where they live 7 when people get fair/unfair treatment

; 8 when everyone has the same opportunities

a situation in which some people have more opportunities than others 2 manage to get a job in a particular profession or field 3 choosing to do something to help others, without being paid 4 stop doing something, often suddenly 1

YOUR TURN Find two more new words related to citizenship. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

VOCABULARY BUILDER

103

UNIT 9 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the text with the correct form of vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 9? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

Nico wasn’t ambitious like his sister, who had a1 job as a civil engineer marketing manager. He had never dreamed of having a 2 job like being a footballer either. In fact, he didn’t know what he wanted to do. When he left school he did various kinds of 3 , first as a server and then in a factory . The work was quite 4 and boring, but the 5 worst thing was that it was , working days and then nights. So he found an office job. There were lots of opportunities to 6 to other roles with more responsibility, so it wasn’t a 7 , but Nico didn’t like office life. He saw an advertisement for 8 in the construction industry, learning a trade, and decided to apply. He went for an interview and later he found out that he had been accepted. Now Nico is a skilled carpenter, working in a small business.

DESCRIBING WORK AND JOBS s

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7 d

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p l

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-p

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14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

a l a b t a i o o a g

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WORK

l p

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3 Complete the text with one word in each gap, using vocabulary from this page.

Experts say that attitudes to work are changing. Millennials (people born in the 1980s) prioritised work. They didn’t want to do 1 labour, because it was 2 seen as low , even if the pay was good, and they dreamed of having a3 job. They were happy to do hours of 4 to show they were hardworking, so that they could seek 5 to a well-paid job. The next generation, Generation Z, see work more as a way to 6 a living than a way of life. They want to have a better work-life 7 , and would rather take time 8 than work extra hours. I don’t know if that’s true. Everyone I know works really hard, and jobs seem to get harder all the time. and more 9

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Match the words and phrases in the box to the definitions.

apprenticeship casual work dead-end job glamorous high-powered repetitive seek promotion shiftwork 1

attractive in a special and exciting way

7 a job that won’t progress to anything better 8 temporary, usually unskilled jobs

104

VOCABULARY BUILDER

Find two more new words related to work. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

6 apply for a better job in the same company

YOUR TURN

job while working 3 describes an important job 4 a system in which people work at different times of the day or night 5 doing the same thing many times

2 a period of learning the skills needed to do a

UNIT 10 MY VOCABULARY

2 Complete the text with the correct form of the vocabulary from Exercise 1.

Can you remember the vocabulary from Unit 10? Check you know what each word / phrase means.

I had a bad cold recently, and went to the chemist to get something to treat it. There were so many different remedies on sale I got quite 1 , and in the end I didn’t buy anything. Health is big business now, whether you are ill or not. For healthy people, there are products which claim to 2 , so you don’t get ill in the first place. If you’re not ill but feeling a bit 3 , you can buy vitamins. If you’re already 4 , and you have physical or mental 5 for which you are 6 from a doctor, you may also be looking for other options. Discovering a new product online that claims to help you make a faster recovery might make you feel 7 . But I would 8 be about buying these things because many of them haven’t been scientifically tested. You could spend a lot of money on something but end up feeling 9 because it hasn’t made you any better.

MIND AND BODY 1

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EMOTIONS

VOCABULARY EXTENSION

1 Match the words and phrases in the box to the definitions.

boost your immune system disillusioned elated flustered be in poor health receive treatment (for) run down symptoms uneasy

improve how well your body protects itself from infection 2 tired and not very healthy 1

vocabulary from this page.

Miranda had always been a healthy person who tried to look after her 1 . She loved going on long walks through the fields to 2 after a demanding day at work. So she was quite 3 when she started getting mysterious 4 like headaches, pain in her muscles and extreme tiredness. At first her doctor thought it might be 5 , because of her job, but then she sent Miranda to hospital for 6 tests. The doctors there couldn’t find anything wrong so they were 7 , and Miranda was 8 , because every week she was feeling worse. But then a doctor suggested Miranda might have Lyme disease, which you can get if you are bitten by an insect that lives in long grass called a tick. Now she is 9 for the disease and is already feeling much better.

3 get drugs, exercises, etc. to cure illness or injury

3 Complete the text with the correct form of

4 slightly worried or uncomfortable

5 suffer from continuous problems with illness 6 disappointed or unhappy when you find out the

YOUR TURN

truth about something 7 very happy and excited 8 physical or mental changes caused by an illness

Find two more new words related to mind and body. Write them here, with a translation or a description of the meaning.

9 upset and confused

VOCABULARY BUILDER

| 105

MY STUDY JOURNAL UNITS 1 AND 2

3 Write one or two sentences. Use as many words

1 Find the world issues in the dominoes. Then make

from the box in each sentence as you can.

compass c onvey c uriosity e xcursion expedition explore gossip GPS safari spot spread torch

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your own dominoes with vocabulary related to verbs of fact and fiction.

Write the collocations down the side or draw lines to connect the dominoes. space

species

countries

4 Look at the sentences in Exercise 5. Can you scientific

current

true for you.

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situation

identify

discovery

remember what grammar from Units 1 and 2 they use? Look back at the units if you need to.

5 Change the words in italics so the sentences are

poverty

extreme

exploration developing

Here are some verbs to remind you: boast, convey, gossip, express …

I’ve been playing this video game for hours.

2 I’d like to have my room cleaned every week.

3 While I was out shopping yesterday, I lost my keys. 4 I’d love to get Taylor Swift to sing at my party. 5 I’d never eaten snails before I went to Spain. 6 I’ve found a great new pizza restaurant.

6 Underline the determiners in these sentences. I’ve got several good ideas for our project.

2 There is some space in the cupboard.

Find 16 other determiners in the word search. They may have two or three words. Which ones could you use to replace the determiners in sentences 1 and 2? Some can go in both sentences.

106

| MY STUDY JOURNAL

e t

situations can you think of beginning with these letters?

2 How many adjectives describing emotions or

UNITS 3 AND 4 1 Write a preposition to make a phrasal verb connected with festivals and celebrations. Then draw something in the circle to help you remember the meaning.

PUT

JOIN

LET

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2 Match items from boxes 1 and 2 to

make vocabulary for entertainment and celebrations.

CLEAN

SET

BOX 1 act out have hold sense of take up throw

BOX 2 a good laugh satisfaction a party a hobby an event a sketch

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3 How many expressions can you remember from Unit 3 that mean very excited or happy? Use the drawings to help you!

4 Think of a musician or celebrity you know. Write

five true sentences about their past and future. Use a different structure for each sentence. Choose from these structures from Units 3 and 4.

6 Write at least five sentences using words from the table.

You will need to add some words.

Past: used to, would, be used to, get used to Future: going to, will, present continuous

you it this

a bit like very

awful delicious soft unwell wood fast car interesting place

a when there was a knock at the door. b but it was quite disappointing. c but stayed home instead.

Use your own ideas too!

Jay was going to go to the cinema 2 Tanya was about to go to bed 3 We thought we would enjoy the recital

feel look seem smell sound taste

5 Match the sentence halves.

not

MY STUDY JOURNAL

107

UNITS 5 AND 6 1 Write personality adjectives to follow each prefix. Can you think of three words for each prefix? dis

2 Find the words in the wordsnake. Then write them with a verb to make eight

2 3

3 Can you remember the missing words in these celebrity collocations from Unit 6? 1

social media

contest acclaimed

2 3 4 target

photos disappointing

6 7

5 Look at the photos and write a reported question and a reported request for each situation.

Imagine who the people are (grandmother and grandson? friends?) and give them names. X asked Y if/why …

5 well

8 widely 9 pop 10

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ne ag e oalpl endstr

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ss se we dex per ien ce l

ta tio ns of aw e

Some of these expressions have two or three words!

i ab dh ba ga rin ou

br lnr tof

ea ec listicexp

tyourbeha vi aw

gstuself ssin -i e n ak

o td en em ov pr m

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self-improvement expressions from Unit 5.

X asked Y to …

unbelievable

Choose three of these collocations and write sentences for them.

4 Match the sentence halves. 1 2 3

a could have been a really good player. b going to a lot of music festivals. c could spend more time outside. d will probably go with them. e to make a sandwich. f

watched it three times.

6 Finish these sentences to make them true for you. 1

I much prefer

to .

2 I would rather not

. than

3 I would sooner

. 4 I’d prefer

so I can .

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| MY STUDY JOURNAL

4 5

I’d feel a lot better if I My dad remembers While I was watching TV, I stopped It was such a brilliant film, I If Matty had trained more, he If my friends go to the concert, I

UNITS 7 AND 8

4 How many citizenship words can you think of

1 Put the decision-making and thought processes

vocabulary from Unit 7 into two or three categories of your choice. For example: think, decide, idea.

beginning with one of the letters in COURT? C:

O: U: R: T:

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5 Look at the photos and read the questions. Then

write your answers about two of the photos using modal verbs of deduction.

br ge

2 How many adjectives to describe emotions can you think of ending in -ed? Use the emojis to help you.

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U Unit 7 has 12. Can you think of more?!

Scores: 8 = OK 12 = good 16+ = excellent 20 + = genius 26 + = Are you sure you didn’t cheat?

3 Complete the mind map with phrases with break. break + adverb/ preposition + preposition/noun

What do you think happened? Who is involved? What will happen next?

6 What do the verb forms in the sentences have in common?

• break • break • break

The first antibiotic was discovered in the 19th century. 2 More Harry Potter books are sold in Spanish than in English. 3 A malaria vaccination has not been developed yet. 4 The 2032 Olympic Games will be held in Brisbane, Australia. 1

• a

7 Do you think the sentences in Exercise 6 are make

break

• make a

break

• the • the • the

• a • a

true? Use modal verbs with the passive to express how certain you are.

•

Phrases with break

rule

can(’t)/must/could etc. + be/have been + past participle …

MY STUDY JOURNAL

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UNITS 9 AND 10

5 Match the sentence halves. Then decide what

1 Can you remember these jobs from Unit 9? Write

grammar from Units 9 and 10 is being used in each sentence.

adjectives from the unit to describe each job.

movie watcher

2 You don’t need to hurry

If I weren’t so busy,

3 We’re going to the place

ethical hacker

4 I think you’d better

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5 If you hadn’t bought so much food,

ice cream seller

6 This party invitation is for Annie, a where you had your birthday party.

2 What vocabulary items connected with work start

with these verbs?

c invite her to the party. d because we can watch the film later.

change

have

b who lives across the road.

e the cupboard door would close.

earn

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Look back at the grammar reference on pages 122 and 123 to help you! This isn’t a test!

get

do run

I would have made a cake.

6 Choose two of the grammar areas you think you

take

3 Choose four emotions from Unit 10 and write them next to the faces. Then draw facial expressions to help you remember what they mean. Can you think of any synonyms?

need to practise more and write two or three sentences for each.

7 Which of the adverbial phrases in the box go in these sentences?

as long as before despite since so as (not) to so that unless whenever

2 3

verb

noun

110

MY STUDY JOURNAL

adjective

After Unit 10, you should be an expert on this topic!

mind and body. Then write a short paragraph containing the words.

4 Think of two words for each category related to

Many people love mountain climbing, the danger. Bob was supposed to clean up the flat his grandparents arrived. I feel happy and peaceful I hear this music. You can’t go out you’ve tidied your room. Felip found his new position so challenging that he decided to change jobs end up with a stress-related illness.

MY ENGLISH PLANNER My weekly planner Tuesday

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Monday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Weekend

br Co

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U What time does school start and finish? Write the time.

My English Goals

Next, block out your English classes.

What would I like to be able to do in English? Understand a website, follow a conversation or something else? Write your goals here.

Finally, block out some time to do your English homework and revise.

My English Achievements

What have I achieved in English this year? watched a complete film in English read a short story in English

listened to a podcast in English

understood a website in English

Look back at this list at the end of the semester. How many can you now do? Write your own ideas here.

Write your own ideas here. MY ENGLISH PLANNER

111

Acknowledgements The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable. The publishers are grateful to the following contributors: EMC Design Ltd, text design and layouts; Daniel Summersgill, cover design; Sonica Studios, audio recordings; Alicia McAuley and Dulcie Fry, Editorial work; Bartosz Michałowski, exam reviewer. Key: U = Unit, VOC = Vocabulary, SJ = Study Journal.

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Photography

All the photographs are sourced from Getty Images. U1: FangXiaNuo/E+; Yellow Dog Productions/The Image Bank; U2: Imgorthand/E+; LightFieldStudios/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3: Andrew Michaels/Universal Images Group/Collection Mix: Subjects; Artur Debat/Moment; Kyle Ledeboer/Ascent Xmedia/ Photodisc; U4: kali9/E+; U6: urbazon/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Connect Images; U7: vandervelden/E+; U8: Ratsanai/DigitalVision Vectors; Andriy Onufriyenko/Moment; VladSt/DigitalVision Vectors; Nancybelle Gonzaga Villarroya/Moment; Hanna Plonsak/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; gmast3r/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61/Westend61; Fertnig/E+; Vladimir Vladimirov/E+; U9: DarrenMower/E+; Monty Rakusen/DigitalVision; Mercedes Rancaño Otero/iStock Unreleased; 10’000 Hours/DigitalVision; miodrag ignjatovic/E+; Dragos Condrea/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Morsa Images/Stone; Mint Images - Tim Robbins/Mint Images RF; VisualCommunications/E+; U10: SolStock/ E+; Keep It 100/DigitalVision; VOC: Megan Maloy/Connect Images; SJ: FG Trade/E+; RichLegg/E+; kali9/E+; Abdo Hamza/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Igor Petrovic/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Vadym Kalitnyk/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Lisa5201/E+; Cathy Scola/ Moment; Liudmila Chernetska/iStock/Getty Images Plus.

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Cover photography by SDI Productions/E+/Getty Images.

Illustrations

U1, U5: Virginia Fontanabona (Beehive Illustration). Audio produced by Sonica Studios.

Typeset Typesetting by EMC Design Ltd.

URLs

Audio

The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.