Power Up Second Edition Level 6 Activity Book

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U Second Edition

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Activity Book with Digital

6

Pack

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Melanie Starren with Caroline Nixon & Michael Tomlinson

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My name:

A song and a dance

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2

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Big wide world

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Getting about

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Use your skills

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Good job!

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Review units 4–6

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In the news

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8

Fantastic flavours

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Raining cats and dogs

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Review units 7–9

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Review units 1–3

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Shopping around

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3

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A song and a dance

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My unit goals

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Complete for you.

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What are your goals for this unit?

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At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about music and instruments.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

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My mission diary

Write a concert review

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

Learning to Learn

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4

I can write a text message to a friend.

I can plan, write and present a review of a concert or show.

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I can talk about instruments and describe personalities.

I can use adjectives with prepositions and short answers with so and nor.

I can read and understand a diary about having self-confidence.

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Tick ✓ what you can do now.

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My progress

Vocabulary 1

Make five music words using the music notes.

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J

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3 r 4 s

5 s

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2 D

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1 j a zz

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2 1.02 Listen and read. Complete with the correct type of music.

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classical music

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disco

I went to a concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London during the holidays. I don’t usually enjoy listening to classical music because my mum plays it ALL THE TIME at home and the concerts are all very long. But this was different. It was for kids and teenagers so it was more relaxed. This time the concert only lasted for an hour. I think I might go again. Do you fancy coming with me?

Kamile

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folk

opera

2 My sister, Lucia, is really into music from the 60s and 70s.

I was looking through her old vinyl records last week and found this one. I know you prefer hip-hop, and I do too, but I was actually pretty impressed with it. Listen first then tell me if

4

ONLINE REV IEW

A lot of people like , but I can’t understand a single word they say! The women’s voices are too high and the men’s voices are far too low. I just want to understand the story!

Andrea

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I’m going to the Green Man festival in Wales next week. I can’t wait! I like music, but there’s so much more music at the Green Man festival for people our age! Even though I usually hate camping, the facilities here are great!

Jaime

is for you!

Anna

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3

Read the texts again. Say yes or no.

1 The concert at the Royal Albert Hall was too long.

3 Jaime is sleeping in a tent.

2 Anna’s song is different from the music she usually likes.

4 Andrea is a fan of opera.

Do you use the same words for any types of music in your language? Discuss with a partner.

5

Language in context

For each question, choose the correct answer.

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Win a family ticket for the Madrid Jazz Festival. Tell us, in 50 words, why you want a ticket to this event.

Note – the winner must have at least one person under 14 in their family.

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You must be in your seats 15 minutes before the performance begins. If you’re late, you’ll have to wait until the interval to enter. Refreshments are served during the interval.

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Maria, I’ve just seen our favourite rock star shopping!

At first, I didn’t recognise Charlie Humm. But when I did, I asked if I could take a selfie of us and he let me!

Santiago

Which one of the answers below is true?

A Food and drink are included.

B You will miss the first half of the performance if you don’t arrive 15 minutes early.

C The door opens 15 minutes before the start of the show.

Why has Santiago sent Maria this text message?

A to tell Maria about something unusual that happened to him B to check if Maria wants to see the photo he recently took of someone famous C to let Maria know about a special event where she can meet a star

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You’ve just seen your favourite singer. Read the message and write your message.

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Tell your partner about a musician you want to see in concert.

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Guess who I just saw? Pink! She was walking into a clothes shop with her friends and I opened the door for them. I recognised her immediately because of her hair. It’s amazing! She said 'hello' and 'thank you' to me.

She’s very kind! I really admire her.

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Why has Claire sent this text message?

A to tell Joe where he might be able to see the programme B to give Joe her opinion about last night’s programme C to see if Joe still likes the performer that she recently saw on TV

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

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Hi Joe, Did you see David Parra on TV last night? He did an interview and performed his latest song. It may be online if you missed it. I know you like him!

Claire

What must you do in order to win the competition?

A write about why you would like to go to the festival B write about why you have never been to the festival C write about which family member you want to take to the festival

Language practice 1

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Grammar look: adjectives with prepositions

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Match the sentence halves.

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1 My parents are really happy 2 My brother’s keen 3 I’m terrible 4 Are you good 5 Lola was annoyed 6 Classical music is perfect

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A on hip-hop, but I prefer pop.

B at singing, but I really enjoy it!

C about the concert because she didn’t play very well.

D for me when I’m studying. It helps me to concentrate.

E at playing any musical instruments, Nora?

F about the new concert hall because they love live music.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Pupil’s Book 6 page 120

Complete the text with the correct prepositions.

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about Tomorrow is the first day of music camp. I’m really excited (1) it because I love music. We’ll play lots of different musical instruments. I’m keen (2) trying the saxophone because I’m already quite good (3) the trumpet, so maybe the saxophone will be easy for me! I think the drums are perfect (4) me because they’re loud and such fun. Mum told me I can’t play drums in the house the noise. Now I’m terrible because our neighbours will get annoyed (5) (6) playing the drums, but I’ll learn to play them at music camp and then maybe Mum will let me get an electric drum kit …

In pairs, talk about the photos. Use the adjectives and prepositions from Activity 1.

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I think she’s very good at playing the piano.

Tell a partner the things you are ...

good at

interested in

keen on

happy about

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Vocabulary 2

1

Complete the descriptions with the correct adjectives.

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If you could create your perfect friend, what would they be like?

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or me, a perfect friend is someone I can have fun with.

They should be (1) c heerful and happy most of the time and they shouldn’t be too (2) s , but sensible.

They have to be (3) r too. If a friend's always late, even the funniest joke won’t make me smile!

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’m lucky because my best friend, Martin, is perfect! He’s (4) i and gets top marks at school. He’s also (5) p and can explain things to me. When it’s my birthday, he knows exactly what to buy me and is very (6) g . My parents are very fond of him because he’s polite and (7) c . Sometimes I think they like Martin more than me!

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don’t think it’s possible to have a perfect friend. I have three very good friends at school and they're all perfect in different ways. Anna's good at sports, Sara's interested in the same things as me and Marta's very kind. If you aren’t (8) r or horrible to other people and if you don’t tell us what to do (we can’t stand (9) b people!), you can be our friend.

2

Read the descriptions of friends and answer the questions.

1 Who's better at art?

2 Who tells people what to do?

3 Who would you prefer to be friends with? Why?

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Write a friend description using the adjectives in Activity 1.

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Make a mind map with adjectives that describe you.

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My friend Emiliano likes school and he works hard, but he finds some subjects difficult. Not art though – he got 84%! Heʼs fantastic at sports, particularly tennis. Heʼs really reliable and quite popular. He can be very charming too!

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My friend Selin is very intelligent (she got 83% in art) and is always cheerful.

She did really well in her exams this year. She can, though, be a little bossy.

I wish she was a bit more patient with me.

Language practice 2

1

Grammar look: short answers with so and nor Read and choose the correct answer.

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So / Nor have I.

2 I always listen to music when I study.

So / Nor do I.

3 I’d love to learn the guitar.

So / Nor would I.

4 I didn’t enjoy that song.

So / Nor did I.

5 I’m really interested in opera!

So / Nor am I.

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1 I’ve never listened to jazz music.

Write short answers with so and nor.

David:

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2

David:

(2)

Emma:

(3)

David:

(4)

Emma:

(5)

David:

(6)

Emma:

Yes! Let’s listen to it!

Speaking

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Emma:

I’m really bored.

(1) So am I . I’d like to listen to some music.

. I haven’t heard the new 4MZ album yet.

. I don’t often listen to pop albums.

. But I wouldn’t mind listening to this one. . I saw a good review of it online. . It got five stars, didn’t it?

3 1.03 Listen to Yuna and Hugo doing Part 1 of a Speaking test. Answer the questions.

1 What question couldn’t Hugo answer at first? What did the examiner do to help?

3 Who doesn’t answer the examiner’s question?

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2 What other questions did the examiner ask?

Pronunciation Tip!

Listen carefully to the examiner’s questions and make sure you answer what he or she is asking you.

Some words can sound like they are joined to the next word like ‘do you – d’you’, ‘going to – gonna’ and ‘want to – wanna’.

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Speaking Tip!

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Plan your own answers to the examiner’s questions. Then practise with a partner.

Practise saying these phrases with joined speech:

so do I

nor have I

so would I

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Skills practice

1

Read the sentences about the story. Answer yes, no or doesn’t say. Explain your answers.

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1 Julie and Ash aren’t interested in pop music videos.

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In the story it says ‘What a great weekend! We spent ages lip-synching to pop music videos.’

2 The competition takes place every Saturday.

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3 Julie didn’t have a good idea for a name for the band.

4 Julie says that each band sings its own songs.

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5 Julie sang her favourite song to her parents.

When Ash enters the band in the competition, Julie feels angry with her friend.

Why? Discuss these three possible reasons (A–C) with a partner.

A Julie thought Ash wasn’t listening to her.

B Julie wanted to enter the band in the competition.

C Julie thinks the competition is boring.

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How could the girls celebrate on Saturday after the concert? Write your ideas below.

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1 Read this email from your English-speaking friend Ash and the notes you have made.

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Ask what time the concert starts To:

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Me too!

From:

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Hi,

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I’m so excited about Saturday! I can’t believe we’re doing the concert. I’m so glad you’re coming. It’s great that all our friends will be there.

Tell Ash

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Julie is coming to my house afterwards. Would you like to come too? We could watch a film or sing along to some videos. Which would you prefer?

Or would you like to do something else?

See you on Saturday (I hope!)

Ash

Write your email to Ash in about 100 words, using all the notes.

To: From:

Suggest …

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Exam Tip! Remember to begin your email with a friendly phrase such as ‘It’s great to hear from you.’ or ‘I was so pleased to get your email.’

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Cross-curricular

Read the texts about Mozart and Beethoven again. Answer the questions.

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1 Who were their first teachers?

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2 What were their first instruments?

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3 What do you think their childhood was like? Do you think it was happy and they had fun?

4 What type of problems did they have when they got older?

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5 How old were they when they died?

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Read the text. How have DJs become popular?

Find out and write about the life and music of a popular musician from your country.

Profession Style of music Important work

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Date and place of birth

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Name

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In the past, DJs simply played the music that the people asked for, but today they create the music. DJs have taken over pop culture and they are quickly becoming the new celebrities. It began in the 1990s when house music became popular. Young people, who loved to dance, were more interested in the beat or rhythm of the song than in the words.

Technology has helped DJs develop this style of music. They can download the beat and the vocals and create new music easily. DJs are now as popular as traditional musicians. They have thousands of fans who will travel across the country to watch them perform.

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Beethoven and Mozart’s music was played for kings and important families around Europe. Today, we can all go to concerts or listen to our favourite music at home.

Music continues to change, and so do the people who make it.

Take, for example, the DJ.

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

For each question, choose the correct answer.

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WANTED DJs to play hip-hop music for regular customers. Must be over 18.

Friendly club with its own modern equipment.

The club is A

looking for new customers.

B

asking DJs to bring their own equipment.

C

looking for DJs over a certain age.

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If you install this program Lorena, you your Sorry if I can was practise rude earlier.

I hardly English. ever argue with my friends, but I was surprised that you didn’t tell me about the dance party, that’s all.

Call me when you get home.

Ashley

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Ashley wants Lorena to be more polite.

B

to phone her later.

C

to tell her about the dance party.

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A

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Do not touch 4

Do not touch or pick up these instruments unless a museum officer is present

Mum

B

can only hold the instruments when a member of staff is there.

C

can ask a member of staff to tell them about the instruments.

Kylie’s drama teacher A

spoke to Kylie’s mum about the event.

B

explained why he is so strict during drama lessons.

C

has clothes for Kylie to wear at the show.

A

If you are hungry you can buy something in the hall.

B

You can eat in the school shop.

C

You can’t eat or drink anything in these places.

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Drinks, snacks and hot food from the school shop must not be taken into the hall or onto the stage

are not allowed to hold the instruments.

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Kylie, I finally met your drama teacher. He isn't bossy. He was charming and patient! He told me which costume you need for the school show.

Visitors to the museum

My progress:

/5

Reading Part 1

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B1 Preliminary for Schools

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1.04

For each question, choose the correct answer.

1 Which part of the girl’s body was affected by playing music?

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B

C

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B

2 What will the children do first?

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3 Who did the man send the video to first?

B

C

4 Which article does the woman always read?

A

B

C

5 Which festival did the boy enjoy the most?

B

C

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6 Which activity did the girl manage to do on her own at summer camp?

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A

My progress:

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Listening Part 1

/6

Review

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Choose the correct answer.

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1 I’m pleased that / of / for the train was on time.

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2 Mario is great for / at / in baking cakes.

3 We’re ready in / for / of the concert.

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4 This raincoat is good for / at / about the rain.

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5 Mum was proud with / for / of Lucy when she heard her sing.

6 Jaime isn’t interested with / in / at hip-hop music.

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Match the sentences (1–6) to the answers (A–F).

A

So have we.

2 I’m not very good at sport.

B

Nor can I.

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1 I wouldn’t want to be an opera singer.

C

Nor would I.

3 I can’t play a musical instrument.

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So will I.

5 Tristan and Zac have got a rabbit.

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So did I.

6 I’ll tell the teacher what happened.

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Nor am I.

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4 Helen got 10/10 in English today.

Order the letters to make words. Complete the sentences. sysbo

1 Olivia Rodrigo is in the 2 My sister is very 3 The

disuto

aoerp

iarellbe

sugereon

recording a new song.

studio

. She always tells me what to do.

music festival was great. There were lots of people with guitars.

4 I don’t like 5 Uncle Lucas is very 6 James isn’t

4

lkfo

. I don’t understand Italian and I can’t understand the story. . He buys me lots of presents.

. He’s always late and he never does what he promises to do.

Complete the text with words from the box. good at

hip-hop

jazz

nor do we

opera

patient

so am I

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cheerful

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This is Mrs Holt. She’s my music teacher at school. I love her lessons because she’s really and (2) explaining things. She’s really into classical (1) cheerful - Mozart is my favourite. Mrs Holt loves the trumpet, music and (3) and positive in lessons. We’re like me. She’s always (4) preparing for a concert at the moment. The members of the band are practising their trumpets, guitars, drums (5) dancers are getting their and other instruments, the (6) on stage. performance ready, and Sally is singing (7) She's good at singing in a high voice! Everything is going well, but Mrs Holt is looking a bit serious. I know she doesn’t want anything to go ! wrong when we’re on stage, and (8)

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Big wide world

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My unit goals

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Complete for you.

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What are your goals for this unit?

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At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about different places in the world.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

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My mission diary

Create a class encyclopaedia

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

Learning to Learn

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I can use relative pronouns.

I can write an email to a friend, telling them about an event that I went to.

I can write an encyclopaedia entry about a country.

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I can talk about different places in the world.

I can make comparisons using more, less, fewer, the most, the least and the fewest.

I can read and understand an article about festivals around the world.

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Tick ✓ what you can do now.

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My progress

Vocabulary 1

Look at the shapes and write the names of the continents.

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As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

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1 The flag of

is yellow and

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China

2 The border between the USA and world.

3 The capital of 4

and Wales.

3

is the longest in the

isn’t Sydney; it’s Canberra.

is made up of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland

5 Türkiye is on two continents: Asia and 6

.

.

, which is also called Éire, celebrates St Patrick’s Day.

Read the information and complete the gaps.

in the There are over 7,000 (1) l world. There are 2,301 spoken in Asia alone!

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How many countries can you name in Europe? Make a list. Can you say them in English?

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Planet Earth has a diverse but only 43% is habitable.

(4) l There are lots of different (5) c in the world and the cultural diversity on our planet is amazing!

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The Earth has a very varied . Here are some world (3) c records. The hottest temperature: 56.7°C. The coldest temperature -89.2°C.

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live in the People of many (2) n USA. Around 50 million people aren’t American who live there.

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Language in context

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2.02

Listen. You will hear a boy called Oliver talking about a trip he took with his family. Put the pictures in the correct order.

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B

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D

Listen again. For each question, write the correct answer in each gap.

Write one or two words. sister

. was in Paris.

Oliver says there were about (4)

pandas in the wildlife park in Chengdu.

Oliver found it hard to get used to the (5) When he’s older, Oliver would like to visit the (6)

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in Morocco. in Morocco.

Tell your partner about a country you want to visit. Why do you want to go there?

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Oliver and his family travelled from France to China by (3)

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Oliver was surprised to see how popular (2)

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The family’s trip was planned by Oliver’s (1)

Language practice 1

2

Grammar look: relative pronouns

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Choose the correct relative pronouns to complete the sentences.

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1 Kimchi is a Korean dish that / who is 4 The meal that / where Americans made of fermented cabbage and spices. eat on Thanksgiving, usually includes turkey and sweet potatoes.

2 Darjeeling is a region in the northeast

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of India which / where Darjeeling tea is 5 Paella is a Valencian rice dish which / produced. where is made in a special kind of pan – also called a paella!

3 The head chef is the person in a

6 In Japan, an Itamae is a chef who / where prepares sushi.

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restaurant who / where is in charge of the kitchen.

Pupil’s Book 6 page 121

Read and complete the story with the correct relative pronoun.

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MOONCAKES

A traditional Chinese story

who There were three old people (1) were very hungry. They were sitting in a forest there were animals. The animals (2) brought them some fruit and meat. The old people the animals ate all the food (3) brought them. However, they were still hungry and the rabbit wanted to give them some meat.

So the rabbit said, ‘You can eat me’ and jumped was keeping the old into the fire (4)

According to the legend, this is we can see on the face the shape (5) celebrate of the moon. People (6) the mid-Autumn festival in China look for the kind rabbit’s face on the moon as they eat mooncakes.

Use the Internet to help you complete the food facts. Say your facts with relative pronouns.

Food Facts! Find ...

pizza was invented:

2 the plant

is used to make pasta:

5 the country 6 the vegetables

takes its name from the Italian Queen Margherita:

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4 the dish

produces the most rice in the world:

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3 the country

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1 the city

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3

people warm! The old people were amazed and they decided to save the rabbit. They told the rabbit that they were immortals and they sent the rabbit to live on the moon.

pho was invented: go into the British dish bubble and squeak:

Describe your favourite dish to your partner. Use relative pronouns. Guess your partner’s dish.

19

Vocabulary 2

1

Complete the adverts with places.

Come and stay in our wonderful (1) campsite right next to the (2) c with its boats.

When you wake up, you can have a traditional English breakfast in our café. The (3) s here is beautiful and it’s very peaceful.

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If you want to travel from England to France, you can take a ferry from Dover. The (4) p is just 34 km from France and 16 million people travel from here every year! Dover is famous for its white , which you can see when you (5) c leave the (6) h

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Lyme (7) B , which is part of a World in Heritage Site, is on the English (8) s the south of England. People come here to relax, eat in the cafés and restaurants … and to look for dinosaur fossils!

2

Our canoeing centre is in the beautiful Welsh . Just push your canoe into (9) v the river, jump in and canoe happily down the River Wye. Perfect for beginners and experts.

Look and complete the mind maps. In pairs, compare your ideas. boats

tent

cold

port

campsite

noisy

seaside

rubbish

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sand

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In pairs, choose and describe one of the photos. Use the words in Activity 2 or your own ideas.

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This is a photo of …

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It looks …

It might be …

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In American English, the word for rubbish is trash. What other words do you know that are different in American English?

Language practice 2

2

Grammar look: more ... (than), fewer … (than), less … than, the most, the fewest, the least Read and choose the correct answer.

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1 There are less / fewer countries in South America than in Europe.

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2 Sandra speaks more / the most languages than anyone I know. She’s amazing!

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3 Anna made the fewest / the least mistakes on the quiz.

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4 There’s few / less noise at the campsite at night than during the day.

5 Money is the least / the fewest important thing for me.

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6 She is the most / more well-travelled person in my family. She’s been everywhere!

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Rewrite the sentences using the word in brackets. Use between 3–5 words.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

❤Wales!

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1 I like all of the UK but, in my opinion, Wales is the best.

I like all of the UK, but I like Wales the most

. (most)

2 There are over 50 million people in England and only about 3 million in Wales.

There are in England. (fewer) 3 Cardiff Castle isn’t as impressive as Snowdonia National Park.

Cardiff Castle than Snowdonia. (less)

4 Penygader is the easiest mountain to climb in Snowdonia.

Penygader mountain to climb in Snowdonia. (least) 5 I think Mount Snowdon has better views than Ben Nevis. than the views at Ben Nevis. (more) I like the

Speaking

A on the left C at the front

B in the middle D at the back

m

A

4 2.05 Listen again and number the phrases in order.

ss se

3 2.04 Listen to Yuna doing Part 2 of a Speaking test. Which picture is she describing?

en

5 2.06 Listen to Hugo’s answer. Complete the phrases which give you time to think.

t

B

1 What’s it called ?

2 Sorry, I don’t the word.

3 Let me . 4 Umm Write a paragraph about your favourite place to visit.

.

21

Skills practice

1

Answer the questions.

Ca

1 What do the people of Sumpango spend a lot of their free time doing?

br

m

They spend a lot of time their free time preparing kites.

2 What do the messages on the kites tell us about the people of Sumpango?

3 What can people do at the Maldon Mud Race apart from watching the race?

id

ge

4 What shows that the event has become more important since it started?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

5 What do people build with the ice from the Songhua River?

6 What shows the organisers care about visitors' safety?

Co

2

Complete the article with the words from the box. celebrates

explodes

festival

festivities

new

population

en

t

22

m

ss se

The Chinese New Year, or Spring Festival, is celebrated in Chinese communities in many different countries all over the world. One sixth of the (1) population the Chinese New Year. The (3) of the world (2) starts on the first day of the (4) moon, which is always on one of the last ten days of January or on one of the first 20 days of February. People decorate the streets with red lanterns.

The sky (5) with the light from thousands of fireworks, and children wear new clothes, and receive red envelopes containing gifts of money from their parents, grandparents, uncles and aunts. Every Chinese New Year is named after a different animal (the Year of the Ox, The Year of the Dragon, the Year of the Pig, etc.) The (6) last for 15 days.

2 1

For each question, choose the correct answer. You will hear a radio interview about a festival.

2.07

Ca

m

1 The Spring Festival ... started last year.

B

is new this year.

id

br

A

C

is an annual event.

A

ge

2 Last year everyone ...

B

wore flower costumes.

C

painted flowers on the floats.

carried flowers.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

3 The Spring Queen ...

caught a bad cold.

B

loved the flowers.

C

had a problem with the flowers.

Co

A

4 School children ...

A

played with the brass band last year.

B

are playing the music at the parade this year.

C

are marching to the music of the brass band this year.

5 There ...

A

are going to be cakes and sandwiches to eat.

B

are going to be pies for everyone to eat.

C

isn’t going to be any food at the festival this year. were very popular last year.

B

are going to be held in the town hall.

C

are new this year.

en

m

A

ss se

6 The puppet shows ...

t 23

Cross-curricular

1

Match the sentence halves.

A in very cold water near sea ice.

2 If the ocean gets too warm,

B live in coral reefs.

3 Krill like to live

C make food for coral and animals.

4 Sea turtles and many kinds of fish

D many plants and animals will have to adapt or die.

5 Algae

E take in a quarter of the carbon dioxide we produce.

2

ge

id

br

m

Ca

1 Ocean plants

Read the text and answer the questions.

U

This gas stops the heat from Earth escaping back into space. As a result, the Earth’s ice is melting and the level of the ocean is rising because of the extra water. We need to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that we produce before it is too late.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Scientists around the world have become very worried because the level of the ocean is getting higher. If the levels continue to go up, this will be a serious problem for places that are close to the sea. Why is this happening?

The Earth is getting warmer because we produce a lot of carbon dioxide.

Plants use carbon dioxide to make their food so we should also protect the forests and plant more trees. We should also stop using coal and oil to produce energy and start using alternative energy like solar and wind energy.

4 Why should we plant more trees?

2 Why is the Earth’s ice melting?

5 What do you think will happen if the level of the ocean continues to get higher?

ss se

1 Why is the level of the ocean getting higher?

How big is it?

How deep is it?

Indian Ocean

t

Find out and complete the chart.

Pacific Ocean

24

en

3

m

3 Why is the Earth’s temperature increasing?

Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean 106,500,000 square km 3,339 m

Southern Ocean

B1 Preliminary for Schools

Work in groups of three: one examiner and two candidates, A and B.

2

Examiner

Ca

A and B: close your books, listen to the examiner

br

m

and then speak for 2–3 minutes.

Examiner: ask questions.

Candidate A

Candidate B

ge

id U

hen, ask about everyday T routines or situations. Choose up to four questions each. Ask A, then B, then A.

2

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

irst, ask A and B for their mark F sheets and about their name, age and where they live.

1

Good morning/afternoon, can I have your mark sheets, please? (pause)

A and B mime giving their mark sheets.

A

A

What’s your name? (pause) How old are you? (pause) Thank you.

What’s your favourite subject at school? How do you prefer to travel? What kind of music do you like listening to?

B

Where do you live? (pause) Who do you live with? (pause) Thank you.

B

How often do you travel by car?

ss se

What’s your name? (pause) How old are you? (pause) Thank you.

Tell us about a country you’ve visited.

How do you spend your time at the weekend?

Thank you.

en

Which do you like best, hot or cold weather?

m

Where do you live? (pause) Who do you live with? (pause) Thank you.

t

My progress: I understood and answered all the questions.

I understood and answered I needed some help understanding most of the questions. the questions.

Speaking Part 1

25

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use.

Ca

br

m

European Life

ge

id

I was born in China in Beijing, the capital city. I went to the same school in the centre of the city until I was ten. (1) One day when I got home, my parents said they had something serious to tell me. My first thought was that they had heard I was getting terrible marks.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

In fact, they told me that we had a new home in Europe! I had only seen places (2) like France and Portugal on a map and I had no idea what life would be like so far away.

The more we talked about it, the more curious I became. The country we were moving to was Austria and so I contacted a cousin who lived in Vienna to ask him some questions.

He'd moved there two years before. About a week later he emailed me some photos and a description of his daily life. It showed me how different life there was compared with China.

(3) When the plane landed, I felt sure we’d done the wrong thing. I was already missing my friends. (4) I was learning to speak German as well as English. Fortunately, my school results were improving. I didn’t feel so lonely, I just felt lucky.

The truth is that I'm enjoying my life in Austria because it’s easier to get to places like Italy, Greece and Spain for fantastic holidays. A lot of my Chinese friends have visited me too. Now I’m in my last year of school so I’m preparing to go to university in the UK. (5) I’m so glad my parents decided to move here. Even if some of the food is totally different from Beijing, I still look forward to visiting China to eat my favourite dishes at New Year. I can see my friends and visit my granny then too!

B However, I soon met some new people at an international school.

C I was always good at maths and English.

en

E It was a small building with cheerful and patient teachers.

m

D I’m planning to study business when I’m there.

ss se

A It was nothing about my progress in class.

F I can still remember my ninth birthday.

t

G I couldn’t imagine our modern apartment.

H But if he could deal with such a big change then so could I.

My progress:

26

Reading Part 4

/5

Review

Look at the pictures and complete the story with the missing phrases.

1

2

3

4

5

ge

id

br

m

Ca

1

2

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

One sunny day, my parents and I were packing our car, (1) C . We were really excited because we . We bought a new tent too! When Mum and I were getting were going to stay at the seaside, (2) . We were late so, in a hurry, we drove off . into the car, Dad stopped to speak to the woman (3) fall onto the floor. We arrived at the campsite late at night and We didn’t hear the keys (4) , weren’t happy when they realised they had lost the wanted to put the tent up. My parents, (5) keys. And the tent was in the box too! But I still had Tony my bear, so it wasn’t a total disaster.

D where we booked a nice campsite

B whose suitcases were in the box

E which were for the box

Co

A who lived next door

C which had a box on the roof

2

Look at the facts. Then complete the sentences. Write one word in each gap.

Continent Africa Asia Europe North America South America

Number of countries

Percentage of the Earth

54

20%

48

30%

46

7%

3

16.5%

12

12%

5 South America has North America.

countries in Asia than

3

land is

6 North America has the of all the continents.

countries

t

3 The continent with the Europe.

land than

en

2 There are in Europe.

countries

m

4 The continent with the is Africa.

ss se

1 There are fewer countries in North America than in South America.

In pairs, describe a word using relative pronouns. Then guess.

Antarctica

Australia

bay

campsite

climate

nationality

port

scenery

valley

27

3

Shopping around

Ca

m

My unit goals

br

Complete for you.

id

What are your goals for this unit?

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

3

U

1

ge

At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about shopping.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

Co

My mission diary

Have a debate about shopping

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

I can use gerunds as subjects and objects.

I can use verbs with gerunds and infinitives.

I can read and understand a story about understanding how other cultures can differ.

I can work in a group to have a debate.

I can follow instructions to write the opening paragraph of a story.

Learning to Learn

t

I can talk about money and shopping.

en

28

m

Tick ✓ what you can do now.

ss se

My progress

Vocabulary 1

1

Find the words and complete the definitions.

1 how much something costs

price

Ca

2 something that is cheaper than normal

m

3 something plastic you use to buy something now and pay later

id

br

4 a piece of paper to show you have paid for something 5 a piece of paper asking for payment

ge

6 someone who helps customers

S H O P A S S I S T A N T

A P H R E C E I P T A J O

I B O I E H B S F G Z C I

R A T C E A N S R E Y A O

P R B E S N E M I C C S V

W G T O D G W R S H P H R

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

7 money you get back if you give more than necessary

8 notes and coins, but not cards

Co

2

3

Y A S C R E D I T C A R D

E I K Q Y W B A H W E Y U

L N S D O B I L L K P U X

Look at the exchange rate and the photos. Complete the receipts. £10

EXCHANGE RATE For £1, you can buy … country Europe USA Australia

currency EUR USD AUD

rate 1.15 1.5 1.7

£20

£1.25

2 PLEASE CALL AGAIN!

1 THANK YOU FOR YOUR CUSTOM

£5

en

m

2 x magnets 1 x hoodie (L) Total in £ (1) 22.50 Total in US dollars = $ (2) cash paid $40 change $ (3)

ss se

1 x teddy 1 x Big Ben statue Total in £ (4) Total in EUR = € (5) cash paid: €20 change € (6)

t

3

You have 20 Australian dollars. In pairs, talk about what you could buy.

Australia

AUD

1.7

We have £

What other currencies do you know? Write a list.

I’d like to buy …

29

Language in context

Find someone in your class who ...

1

... paid a very high price for something.

Ca

... got something for a bargain.

m

... paid for something by card. ... bought something yesterday.

br

... bought something they didn’t need.

id

... bought something they regret.

ge

... tried to change something but didn’t have the receipt. ... bought something using dollars.

U

Read the text below and choose the correct word for each gap.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

Co

A bank that deals with cheese

To most people, Parmesan cheese is just a delicious cheese to have with pasta. However, some Italians (1) B it to be as valuable as gold.

, then think about how much cheese If that sounds (2) Italy actually produces. It’s the biggest cheese producer in the world, and Parmesan is one of its most popular cheeses. Since Parmesan takes two years before it’s ready to eat, cheesemakers often experience financial (3) before it’s ready to sell and can’t afford to buy ingredients to make more cheese.

Since 1953, the Credito Emiliano bank has (4) cheesemakers to bring in their Parmesan cheese wheels to get loans. The bank keeps the cheese in specially built rooms until a cheesemaker has (5) back the loan.

m

1

A respect

B consider

C feel

D recognise

2

A unforgettable

B hopeless

C challenging

D impossible

3

A issues

B effects

C situations

D disadvantages

4

A accepted

B applied

C allowed

D admitted

5

A put

B paid

C taken

D sent

6

A effort

B gain

C progress

D success

t

What are the best things you’ve ever bought? List your three favourites.

en

30

ss se

in helping This unusual Italian bank has been a great (6) cheesemakers grow their business while the bank looks after their Parmesan cheese that’s worth its weight in gold.

Language practice 1

3

Grammar look: verb + gerund, verb + to + infinitive

Ca

Match the sentence halves.

1

A to come with me to the supermarket?

2 Dad prefers

C to get some new shoes for her dancing classes.

B looking for a birthday present for Lola with me?

id

br

m

1 My friends and I are planning 3 I’m keen on

D using his credit card because he doesn’t like carrying money everywhere.

ge

4 Would you like 5 My sister needs

E to go shopping at the weekend because we all need to buy new clothes.

U

6 Do you fancy

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Pupil’s Book 6 page 122

Co

2

F buying things online because I always find bargains there.

Choose the correct words to complete the questions.

1 Are you keen on shopping / to shop online or do you prefer going to the shops?

2 What's the next thing you want buying / to buy? Which shop will you get it from?

3 Which school subject do you enjoy to study / studying most?

4 If a tourist comes to your town, where do you suggest visiting / to visit?

5 Imagine to find / finding a lot of money in the street. What would you do with it?

3

Ask and answer the questions in Activity 2 with a partner.

Are you keen on shopping online or do you prefer going to the shops?

chocolate cake

finish

wear

trumpet

fancy

get

letter to favourite …

learn

be

mouse costume

need

play

100% of ...

hate

eat

unicorn

t

write

In pairs, compare your sentences from Activity 4.

Which are the most interesting?

en

imagine

5

m

Write sentences with one word of each colour.

4

Really? I prefer going to the shops because …

ss se

I prefer shopping online.

Complete these sentences with your own ideas. Use the gerund or infinitive.

I’m keen on …

I want to learn …

31

Vocabulary 2

1

Read and complete with the words from the box. cost

exchange for sale luxury sales second-hand spend

m

Ca

damaged return

ge

id

br

When I was younger, my family didn’t have much money, but we were very happy. This is me at my first dance class. My shoes were (1) second-hand and very dirty. They used to belong to my sister, so they at the front. We were a bit (2) usually shopped in charity shops when I was little, but occasionally we bought clothes in the (3) .I remember my mum buying me this dress for my birthday.

I think it was (4) to £10.

The problem with buying things in the sales is that sometimes you can’t (5) them for something else or (6) them to get your money back. My grandparents are very generous with their grandchildren.

They bought these jeans for my brother, but he didn’t try them on first. He looks very silly!

reduced

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

When I was 13, my mum got a new job and we had more money. Suddenly we were able to more money on things we (7) liked. We found a beautiful house that was (8) , so we sold our old one. We went on holidays abroad every year and stayed in (9) hotels. I’m not sure how , but we much the holidays (10) had lots of fun. We stayed in this hotel in India. It’s beautiful, isn’t it?

My favourite possession is a bracelet I bought last year. It looks really expensive, but it was quite reasonable.

ss se

2 3.01 Listen to the conversations. Read and tick ✓ the correct sentence.

32

What is your favourite possession? Write three sentences about it.

t

3 A The guitar is cheap because it was damaged.

B The guitar is cheap because it isn’t new.

en

2 A Hannah thinks the price is reasonable.

B Cara doesn’t think the boots cost too much.

m

1 A The shop assistant is going to exchange the laptop.

B The boy doesn’t have a receipt for the laptop.

Language practice 2

3

Grammar look: gerunds as subject and object Look at the underlined words in the sentences.

Write S (subject) or O (object).

Ca

1

m

1 I love buying second-hand clothes. They’re cheaper and better for the environment. O

br

2 Going to food markets is my dad’s favourite thing to do at the weekend.

id

3 I’m excited about playing the new video game I bought this morning.

ge

4 Looking for bargains in the sales is a great way of saving money.

Complete the poem with the correct form of the verbs from the box.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

explore

see

shop

try

wait

Co

(1) Exploring flea markets is my favourite way to spend, A couple of hours or a whole weekend.

I’m excited about (2) what treasures I’ll find, If they’re old and dusty, I really don’t mind.

(3) online is the worst thing you can do, You can’t try things on to see if they fit you.

Then you get bored of (4) for the things that you’ve bought, And when they arrive, they’re not what you thought.

In a flea market, you can pick up, touch and smell.

(5) on is encouraged, and bargaining as well!

Speaking

.

. agree.

When we speak, we usually stress the most important words in the sentence.

In my opinion, the best idea is the gallery.

Speaking Tip!

t

Pronunciation Tip!

Giving your own opinion In my . .

As far as I’m

en

4 3.03 Listen and underline the stressed syllable in each phrase in Activity 3.

Disagreeing like your , but …

I agree.

I I’m not about that.

m

Agreeing You’re I We

ss se

3 3.02 Listen to Hugo and Yuna doing Part 3 of a Speaking test. Complete the table with phrases from the audio.

Use different phrases to express your opinion. Always remember to be polite.

Practise saying this sentence with the correct stress: In my view, flea markets are the best places to shop.

33

Skills practice

What is the main idea of the story? Choose the correct option.

1

Ca

A It is about people who follow coins.

m

B It is about the journey of a coin.

Put the pictures from the story in the correct order.

ge

2

id

br

C It is about valuing a gift you get.

C

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Co

D

3

B

U

A

E

1

F

Answer the questions.

1 Where was the two-euro coin made?

Greece 2 What did the boy’s family buy from the shop in Greece?

3 Who took the coin back to Spain?

4 What was one of the coin’s dreams?

6 What was the weather like during the boat journey to Ireland?

A added to know the total

2 seaside

B a little cold

3 ancient

C money made of metal

4 counted

D flat water

5 calm

E place by the sea

6 cool

F very, very old

t

1 coin

en

34

Match the words from the text to their meanings.

m

4

ss se

5 What did the woman’s grandson buy with his money?

3 1

Read the advert and the example article. Then answer the questions.

Ca

ARTICLES WANTED FOR SCHOOL MAGAZINE!

m

My pocket money

ge

id

br

How much pocket money do you get?

What do you like to spend your money on?

Do you buy second-hand things?

Do you always look for a bargain?

Do you save any money?

We will print the most interesting and funny answers in the school magazine.

Send your article to asimpson@grimmcollege.org

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U How I spend my pocket money!

Co

My mum and dad give me five pounds pocket money every week if I do all my homework and keep my room tidy. I get extra if I do the washing-up.

I am quite responsible, so the first thing I do is divide it in half. I take one half to school and spend it in the school shop. Sometimes I buy a sandwich or a drink. The other half I save for special things. For example, if I want a new video game, music, clothes or to go to the cinema with my friends. When I get money on my birthday or at Christmas, I save it, too.

I love spending my pocket money, but I love saving part of it, too.

1 What does the first paragraph talk about?

2 What does the second paragraph talk about?

3 What does the last sentence talk about?

Use the following tips to plan your article. Then write your article in about 100 words.

ss se

2

Write a title

•

Say what you spend it on

•

Say how much pocket money you get and why

•

Say how you feel about what you do with your pocket money

en

m

•

t 35

Cross-curricular

1

Match the sentence halves.

A

you could exchange items.

2 In the 1950s, credit cards

B

in China to pay for things.

3 Shells were used

C

a receipt for the gold.

4 Bartering meant that

D and difficult to carry.

5 Gold was heavy

E

were invented.

ge

id

br

m

Ca

1 The goldsmith gave the owner

What would you exchange for these things? Choose from the photos.

•

a pair of jeans

•

a bar of your favourite chocolate

•

a comic or magazine

•

a basketball or football

•

a banana

3

Choose a country and write about its money.

•

Country:

•

What is it called?

•

Which coins does it use?

•

Which banknotes does it use?

•

What is the smallest coin and what is the largest banknote?

•

Where is the money made?

4

Design a banknote for your class.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

en

m

ss se

t

Remember They have a secret line called a water mark.

Banknotes are made on special paper.

They have complicated patterns to stop copying. Write the value on the note.

36

B1 Preliminary for Schools

Work in groups of three: one examiner and two candidates, A and B.

3

Examiner

Ca

Candidate A

Candidate B

ge

id

br

m

A and B: Close your books. Listen to the examiner and then speak for 2-3 minutes.

Examiner: Read and then listen to A and B speak. Use a timer.

U

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Now, in this part of the test you’re going to talk about something together for about two minutes.

I’m going to describe a situation to you.

Show A and B the pictures on the page.

A school friend wants to buy something for a school trip to a famous harbour. Here are some items they could buy. Talk together about the different items and say which would be more useful. All right? Now talk together.

Listen to candidates speaking for two minutes.

Thank you. (Can I have the booklet, please?)

en

m

ss se

t

My progress: I understood and answered all the questions.

I understood and answered I needed some help understanding most of the questions. the questions.

Speaking Part 3

37

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

For each question, write the correct answer. Write one word for each gap.

Ca

br

m

My favourite market

ge

id

I love to look for bargains at the second-hand market in my town. I’ve saved loads of money by doing most of my shopping there. That means I can spend the rest of my money on other things, such (1)… going out with my friends! The market is always busy because it’s in the centre (2)… town in a really nice area along the canal. Every day there are (3)… least fifty different stalls that sell various used goods.

U

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

When I want to buy some second-hand designer clothes, I’ll see what’s at the market. I know the best time to find clothes (4)… before nine o’clock. That’s because the (5)… reasonable items are always sold by midday! After I finish shopping, I’ll often go to a popular café beside the market where I can get a sandwich and coffee for less (6)… five euros.

2

4

6

t

5

en

3

m

ss se

1

My progress:

38

Reading Part 6

/6

Review

1

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from the box. buy

Ca

1 Iker would like

not put

to buy

play

return

speak

visit

a luxury house with a football pitch.

2 My puppy loves

m

with my socks.

br

3 Martina doesn’t mind 4 I agreed

her elderly neighbour every Sunday. He bakes nice cakes!

id

Noa’s library books.

5 Kim and I hoped

to our PE teacher after school, but she was too busy.

ge

6 Yuck! My sister promised

jelly in my shoes, but look!

U

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1

Watching films and (watch / drink)

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

hot chocolate is my favourite activity when it’s cold and raining.

Co

2

is fun if you have a good bike and don’t mind going up hills! (cycle)

3 I’m not happy about 4 Not 5

the washing-up again. It’s your turn! (do)

your change before leaving a shop is a bad idea. (check) a tie to my party isn’t necessary. (wear)

6 I’m keen on

3

to the park with my friends to hang out at the weekends. (go)

Complete the sentences.

1 I need a size 38. I’ll ask the s hop 2 Here’s your change and your r

assistant. .

3 My new smartphone wasn’t too expensive. It was actually quite r 4 Last week this skirt cost £22, but yesterday it was r

to £11 in the sale.

does a train ticket from Madrid to Barcelona cost?

6 Oh no! These trainers are d

, but they’re the only ones in the shop. I don’t want to buy them.

5

Imagine you bought one of these items today. You regret buying it. Say:

• • • •

how much it cost why you bought it why you regret(ted) buying it what you did / you’re going to do now

2 has a receipt in their bag.

5 is keen on clothes shopping.

t

3 prefers reading books to watching films.

en

1 knows whose head is on a British pound coin.

m

Find somebody in your class who …

4 likes horse riding.

.

ss se

5 How many e

4

3

39

Review

Units 1–3 Match the sentence halves.

Ca

1

A who comes from Australia.

2 Harry would love

B for its music festival.

3 I was speaking to someone

C is the amazing variety of culture.

4 There are fewer

D to buy me a toy penguin.

5 Lucia promised

E to go to a campsite. So would I.

6 The best thing about Asia

F than 25,000 polar bears in the wild.

ge

id

br

m

1 Coachella is famous

U

Complete the sentences. Write one word in each gap.

1

Learning to speak other languages is important if you want to travel.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

Co

2 There are more people in the capital city 3 ‘I’ve been to North America twice.’ ‘So 4 Jinpin,

3

I! The US and Canada.’

sells second-hand clothes in our town, is always very cheerful.

5 I’m not keen 6 I hate

in my village.

walking by the canal. It smells horrible!

fizzy drinks at night.

Find the mistake in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences correctly.

1 Africa is an amazing continent which you can see wild animals and beautiful scenery.

Africa is an amazing continent where you can see wild animals and beautiful scenery.

2 Do you plan do your homework tonight?

3 Lucy’s the shop assistant which helped me choose some shoes.

ss se

4 A DJ is a person plays music.

m

5 I enjoy runing when it’s cold.

en

6 We stop listening to music at 11 p.m. last night.

t

4

Order the letters to make words. Label the pictures.

ldgetdehi chsa dagedma cotsa

40

1

2

3

4

Writing

Look at the task.

1

Your English teacher has asked you to write a story.

•

Your story must begin with this sentence:

Ca

•

3

Read Kamile’s story.

id

2

br

m

My parents both looked really excited when they gave me the envelope at breakfast.

ge

My parents both looked really excited when they gave me the envelope at breakfast. Inside was a birthday card with a picture of a piece of old rock. I was surprised because it was an unusual choice of card for me. Then some American dollars fell out with a note saying ‘This is for you to spend when we get there.’ As I live in England, US dollars aren’t very useful.

My mum laughed at how confused I looked and gave me some new hiking boots. ‘Can you guess where we’re going?’ she asked. Then it all became clear. ‘The Grand Canyon!’ I cried.

It was the best birthday surprise ever.

Co

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

3

Which three adjectives does Kamile use to show emotions?

It’s a good idea to think about how the main characters show how they feel.

Complete the sentences with the words from the box. amazed

1 I was so

cheerful

surprised

person and he is always smiling.

3 Jess didn’t expect to see Martin there and was so

she couldn’t speak.

when she heard they were getting married that she bought them a present.

ss se

4 My mum was so

terrified

of swimming with sharks that I cried every night for a week before we left.

2 Matthew’s usually a very

5

Exam Tip!

en

m

Now do the task in Activity 1. Use adjectives to say how your characters were feeling. Write your story in about 100 words.

t Writing practice

41

4

Getting about

Ca

m

My unit goals

br

Complete for you.

id

What are your goals for this unit?

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

3

U

1

ge

At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about travelling and holidays.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

Co

My mission diary

Write a travel blog

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

42

Learning to Learn

t

I can write a blog about travelling to a city.

I can write a story about time travel.

I can read and understand a story about remaining calm in a difficult situation.

en

I can talk about travel and transport.

I can use the passive and phrasal verbs with objects.

m

Tick ✓ what you can do now.

ss se

My progress

Vocabulary 1

Look and complete the sentences.

1

4

br

m

Ca 2 Amelia’s got her b rd g p ready. s

ge

id

1 Do you think Toby’s going to t a k e o f f ?

3 Salvador has found a nice watch in the d fr t shop at the airport.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 4 The f to gh Munich is going to be late.

5 The plane is going to l d near the beach.

6 The p l t s are flying the plane.

Order the letters and answer the questions.

2

echkcni

rtdpauerse

taeg

achexengetra

ivaarrsl

1 What do you do before you go through security?

ensouantncenm

check in

2 Which part of the airport does a flight leave from?

4 What tells you how many dollars you can buy for 100 euros?

5 Where in an airport can you meet friends coming from another country?

Complete the messages with words from Activities 1 or 2.

3

t

1

2 I spoke to the at the door of the plane. She’s called Francesca and her favourite plane to fly is the Airbus A350.

en

m

6 What should you listen for in airports?

ss se

3 What do you have to go to in order to get to your plane?

The at the airport isn’t very good. Remember to change your money before you leave home.

What do you need to take when you go on holiday? Write a list.

43

Language in context

1

4.01

Listen to the interview. Circle the words that you hear.

Listen to the interview again and choose the correct answers.

ge

2 4.02

id

br

m

Ca

arrivals boarding pass flight passengers pilot take off departures first-aid jetlag safety

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

1 When Karl started to work as a flight attendant ...

A he saw it as a good way to use his language skills.

B he thought he would do it for a limited period.

C he was keen to go to many different places.

2 What surprised some people about Karl’s flight attendant training?

A how short it was B where it took place C what subjects it covered 3 At the start of a flight, Karl gets annoyed with passengers who ...

A have too much luggage.

B want to change seats.

C ask lots of questions.

4 What does Karl think he is particularly good at?

A communicating with people B managing his time C solving problems 5 Karl says people are wrong if they think that flight attendants ...

A have fun when they’re working.

B see a lot of the world.

C earn good money.

6 Karl thinks he should spend more of his free time ...

A developing certain skills.

B meeting people.

C keeping fit.

44

Tell your partner about another job you would / wouldn’t like to do and why.

t

I would love to be a flight attendant because I would be able to travel everywhere!

en

Ask and answer the questions in Activity 2 with a partner.

m

ss se

3

Language practice 1

4

Grammar look: review of passive forms

Ca

Complete sentence B using the passive so it has the same meaning as A.

1

m

ge

id

br

1 A The Wright brothers invented the first plane in 1912.

B The first plane was invented in 1912.

2 A 80 million passengers use Heathrow Airport in London every year.

B Heathrow Airport by 80 million passengers every year.

3 A Builders in Saudi Arabia completed the largest airport in the world in 1999.

B The largest airport in the world in 1999.

4 A In 1928, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to make a flight across the Atlantic Ocean.

B The first flight across the Atlantic Ocean by a woman in 1928.

5 A Pilots fly 100,000 flights every day.

B 100,000 flights every day.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

Pupil’s Book 6 page 122

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

Charlie: Something annoying (1) happened / was happened to me yesterday.

Sara:

On no! What happened?

Charlie: My suitcase (2) lost / was lost by the airline when I was coming back from holiday.

Sara:

That happened to my dad, but his suitcase (3) found / was found the next day.

Charlie: I hope they find mine! I (4) bought / was bought lots of souvenirs and they’re all in that suitcase.

Sara:

I’m sure they will. The airline always (5) puts / is put a label on suitcases so it’s easy to return them to people.

ss se

Charlie: Yes that’s true, and my name and address (6) write / are written on my suitcase.

So, don’t worry! I’m sure you’ll get it back soon!

3

Write four sentences about your favourite things. Use the verbs from the box or your own ideas and the passive in the correct tense. song

present

film

book

shoes

painting

en

m

Sara:

t

direct

give

make

paint

sing

write

My favourite present was given to me by my grandma. It’s a …

Write two more sentences about your favourite things using the passive.

45

Vocabulary 2

1

Look and complete the words. Write a form of transport using the yellow letters.

1

1

2

Ca

2

m

3

br

4

3

4

id

The form of transport is 5

.

ge As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Co

passport Open your (1) at the page with the photo. Thank you!

Remember to be at the bus stop ten minutes early. Your (3) Helena will be waiting to welcome you!

Only two pieces of (4) per person on the bus.

3

Joe’s (2) Hostel: ten bedrooms available here. Lots of space for rucksacks. Breakfast included!

Read and complete the signs.

U

2

Don’t eat fast food . in the (5) There are specific eating areas in other parts of the station.

Attention all drivers of lorries and other tall vehicles!

Please DON’T use the (7) .

Isaac travel reading Never travel without information on the country you’re visiting.

To buy (6) to all countries in Asia, please go to www.isaacstravelreading.com

Find five differences. Use these words: backpack, guidebook, passport, tour guide, waiting room.

B

46

Are there trams in your town? How do you travel around? Discuss with your partner.

t

The tour guide in A is holding ...

en

m

ss se

A

Language practice 2

4

Grammar look: phrasal verbs and the object Rewrite the sentences. Replace the underlined words with pronouns.

Ca

1

1 I took off my jumper.

5 They threw away the rubbish.

I took it off.

m

2 We tidied up our bedrooms.

6 Did you clean up the kitchen?

br

3 I gave back the book.

Complete the note with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from the box.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

ge

id

4 He turned off the lights.

clean up

look up

throw away

tidy up

turn off

Co

Nick, here are some things to do before we go away tomorrow. Your room was very messy yesterday. Have you (1) tidied it up yet? Please don’t make the kitchen dirty. I (2) yesterday! Don’t forget the heating!! We must remember to (3) before we leave. before we leave.

Let’s eat the food in the fridge tonight so we don’t need to (4) , please. See you later, Dad. What time is the flight? Can you (5)

Speaking

3 4.03 Listen to Hugo and Yuna doing Part 4 of a Speaking test. Tick ✓ the topics the examiner asks about. the best holiday transport

holiday activities

packing

school trips

holiday destinations

3 What do you

2 What

4 Do you Pronunciation Tip!

When you express your preferences, stress the noun.

I prefer travelling by plane.

I like summer more than winter.

Practise using the correct stress to talk about preferences. Talk about: days of the week

types of film

hobbies

t

Discuss the examiner’s questions with a partner.

?

en

5

you?

?

m

1 What’s your opinion ?

ss se

4 4.04 Listen again and complete the phrases for asking questions.

47

Skills practice

1

How do you think the characters in the story feel? Use sentences from the story to explain your answers.

Ca

1 How do the family feel when they arrive at the airport?

m

2 How does Quinn feel when he sees the Samurai and the Ninja?

br

ge

id

3 How does the pilot feel when she tells the family she's run out of time-travelling petrol?

4 How does Carla feel when the pilot explains that they’re stuck in Feudal Japan?

U

What do you think happens in the next chapter of the novel? In pairs, discuss your ideas.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

Co

1 Quinn finds out that the people in the town can actually see him.

2 Carla finds a way to make time-travelling petrol and the family fly on to the Triassic period to see the dinosaurs.

3 The pilot finds a way to make time-travelling petrol, but flies away on her own, leaving the family in Feudal Japan.

4 More time travellers arrive in the town. They have extra time-travelling petrol on their plane.

FACT!

3

Read and answer the questions.

en

m

ss se

In 1895, the English writer HG Wells published the science-fiction novel The Time Machine. Wells was not the first to write about time travel, but he made going backwards and forwards through time in a special vehicle a popular idea in stories.

‘Time machine’ is the phrase Wells used to describe the vehicle in his story. Writers, scientists and film-makers still use it today.

t

1 Would you rather travel into the future or into the past?

2 If you could go back in time, which period of history would you go to and why?

48

4 Five sentences have been removed from the article. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use.

1

Ca

ge

id

br

m

Have you heard of CHRONOS AIRWAYS? I’m sure you have. After all, it’s the only airline in the world that gives you the chance to travel backwards and forwards in time! (1) C We went into the future to the Year 2101. I still can’t believe we did it.

When my friend Flora first told me about CHRONOS, I thought she was joking. I’ve read The Time Machine and seen the Back to the Future films, but I’ve never thought that any of it was possible.

Time travel is science fiction, isn’t it? However, when Flora showed me the family’s round-time tickets and told me about their plans to go to Peru to the Age of the Incas, I realised she was telling me the truth. (2) I just couldn’t get it out of my mind, so I booked tickets to travel into the future.

Travelling with CHRONOS is just like travelling with any other airline. You go to an airport, get on a plane, sit in your seat, fasten your seatbelts and wait to take off. Everything is normal. (3) Somehow you have travelled in time. When we landed, in 2101, we realised straight away that we were entering a new world. (4) However, when they spoke they sounded just like you or me.

One of the most interesting things were the talking screens. They were in the walls, the trees and the chairs. (5) You’ll have to travel to the future and find out for yourself. However, let me tell you this – it’s going to be very interesting!

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

A I don’t want to say too much about the screens and what they do.

B But when you land everything is different.

C Last spring my family and I went on a trip with them.

D We didn’t believe them.

E I think everyone wanted the same thing.

F From that moment on, it was the only thing I could think of.

G There weren’t people at the airport, only robots.

Exam Tip!

en

m

t

Read the sentences before and after each gap very carefully. They will help you decide the right sentence to fill the gap.

ss se

H I decided not to say anything to them.

49

Cross-curricular

1

Correct the sentences about Amy Johnson.

1 Amy Johnson was an American pilot.

Ca

m

2 She left London to fly to Australia on 1st July 1930.

id

br

3 Amy had to fly during the night to try to break the record.

4 She lost a lot of days because of engine problems.

ge

5 She took fifteen days to fly from London to Australia.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Look at Amy’s route on the map. Put the cities in order.

Baghdad Karachi

Co

2

Bangkok

Calcutta

Constantinople (Istanbul)

London 1

Port Darwin

Singapore

Vienna

en

m

ss se

t

3

50

Write five ways you can travel in the air.

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

4

For each question, choose the correct answer.

3

Maya wants a camp that offers daily yoga sessions. She’s an experienced diver who wants an instructor to help her progress from intermediate to advanced level.

br

4

Haruto enjoys getting involved in team activities while spending time in nature. He’d like to learn how to camp in difficult outdoor conditions and learn some historical facts about the local culture.

5

Katrin’s an excellent surfer and wants a camp where she can surf and try out other extreme sports. She’d also like to take part in a project that’s helping the environment.

m

Ca

The people below all want to go abroad to a summer camp in Canada. There are eight descriptions of summer camps. Decide which summer camp would be the most suitable for the people below.

1

ge

id

Yolanda wants a summer camp that offers challenging cycling trips with an expert who’ll give her cycling advice. She also has plenty of experience with horses and wants to be able to go horse riding.

U

2

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Lucas is looking at a summer camp that’s at least a month long. He wants to play team sports and see professional athletes competing.

Canadian Summer Camps

A Camp-Connect teaches teenagers how to

stay safe, warm and well-fed while camping and hiking through an ancient forest in Western Canada. It’s essential you like working in a group to achieve these extremely important skills.

Camp leaders will also discuss the interesting past and traditions of this area.

en

H The Wildteen Camp is a three-week camp for teens who are confident at surfing, diving or sailing. All highly qualified water sport coaches will give you the support you need in order to improve to the next level in your chosen sport. Wake up to morning yoga before riding some waves.

My progress:

t

D Rocky View offers a wide range of individual

and team sports. The facilities are suitable for learning basic horse-riding skills and for going on easy trail rides. Volleyball and hiking expeditions are just a few of the many activities on offer.

G Coquihalla Camp is perfect for cyclists, at

any level, who want qualified coaches to help them improve at cycling. Expect healthy eating and daily yoga sessions as part of the training programme at this six-week camp.

m

C Tide’s Up is a one-month surfing camp for the less experienced surfer. You’ll start on gentle waves until you progress to the next level. You’ll also develop team map reading skills on some challenging forest hikes.

F Camp Tofino is a fun-filled month-long camp.

Wake up to catch waves at one of Canada’s best surfing locations followed by daily windsurfing and rock-climbing lessons with local experts. An interest in protecting sea life is essential because you’ll be looking after rescued leatherback turtles that are in danger.

ss se

B Camp Horizon is perfect for teens who love

doing outdoor activities. You’ll have access to a large network of easy to advanced paths for hiking and horse and bike riding. Go on daily rides with a national champion, who’ll give personal advice on how to improve your bike riding technique.

E Kool Kamp is for teenagers who want to

improve their basketball and soccer skills. You’ll follow a strict training schedule with coaches advising you, so you keep improving. It’s not all hard work though! You’ll go to several professional matches over this six-week camp.

/5

Reading Part 2

51

B1 Preliminary for Schools

Work in groups of three: one examiner and two candidates, A and B.

Ca

Examiner

br

m

A and B: Close your books. Listen to the examiner then speak for one minute.

Examiner: Read and use a timer.

Candidate A

Candidate B

id

ge

Now I’d like each of you to talk on your own about something. I’m going to give each of you a photograph and I’d like you to talk about it.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Co

A, here is your photograph. It shows people getting ready for a trip. B, you just listen.

Show candidate A picture 1.

Show candidate B picture 2.

A, please tell us what you can see in the photograph.

Listen to A for one minute.

B, please tell us what you can see in the photograph.

Listen to B for one minute.

Thank you. (Can I have the booklet, please?)

Thank you. (Can I have the booklet, please?)

2

en

m

ss se

1

B, here is your photograph. It shows someone being kind to a neighbour.

A, you just listen.

t

My progress: I understood and answered all the questions.

52

Speaking Part 2

I understood and answered I needed some help understanding most of the questions. the questions.

Review

1

Write sentences using the words and the correct form of the verb.

4

1 Delicious spicy curry / serve / in this restaurant

m

Ca

Delicious spicy curry is served in this restaurant.

2 All flights / to Canada / cancel / today

id

br

3 Tennis / play / on different types of court 4 The Eiffel Tower / complete / in 1889

ge

5 The backpacker’s passport / not find / yet

U

Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box. back

Co

2

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

6 We / not invite / to Michael’s birthday

down

1 It’s my passport –

find

give

for

give

it

hamster

back

it

out

plane

takes

them

up

! Please don’t look at the photo!

2 I can’t find my headphones anywhere. Can you help me to look 3 Sit down, please. The 4 Put my

off in five minutes.

, please. She doesn’t like being held. Oh dear. Did she bite you?

5 Look at the kitchen! Why is there flour on the floor? Clean

NOW!

6 I’m sorry I don’t know when the plane to Singapore leaves. I’ll

3

, please?

now.

Read the definition and write the word.

1 This is a person who has studied for a long time and is now in charge of a plane.

3 Passengers go here to get on their plane.

ss se

2 If you have a bad accident, this will take you to the hospital very quickly.

pilot

4 This person travels to different places carrying all their luggage on their shoulders.

In pairs, answer the questions.

t

4

What do you put in your hand luggage before you go on holiday?

Think of a film or book with an airport in it. What happens?

Would you like to be a pilot? Why? / Why not?

en

6 This person knows a lot about a place and explains things to visitors.

m

5 This tells you how many pounds you can buy for your euros.

I always put my …

I like the film Home Alone. The family …

I wouldn’t want to be a pilot because …

53

5

Use your skills

Ca

m

My unit goals

br

Complete for you.

id

What are your goals for this unit?

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

3

U

1

ge

At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about ways of learning.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

Co

My mission diary

Create a questionnaire

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

I can use time phrases to talk about the past.

I can ask questions in different ways.

I can read and understand a story about dealing with fear.

I can write an email about something that happened to me.

Learning to Learn

I can write a questionnaire and present the results of it.

t

I can talk about education and feelings.

en

54

m

Tick ✓ what you can do now.

ss se

My progress

Vocabulary 1

1

Read and complete the crossword.

5

1

Down

2

m

Ca

1 This is a piece of paper you can get when you pass an exam.

3 Across

id

br

2 If you pass one course, you go up to the next. ...

ge

3 This is a detailed piece of work with pictures and photos. It’s usually done in groups.

5

U

4 These are at the top of a test paper.

They tell you what to do.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

5 This is how many questions you get right in a test.

c e r t i f 4 i c a t 6 e

6 This is a written piece of work about a specific topic.

Co

2

Read and complete the texts.

2

1

Would you like to be a knight?

Join our knight training this weekend and learn how!

on being a Formula 1 mechanic, come to our jobs fair in the school hall at lunch time today!

There will be lots of people from all kinds of interesting jobs there.

4

Remember to study for your history

Tell your partner about the best project you’ve done at school. Why did you like it?

t

tomorrow. I expect top marks, no excuses!

Love, Mum

en

m

Choose your after-school activities for the summer . There are a lot of things to enjoy before the summer holidays. There’s a choice of cricket, athletics and water skiing on the lake.

Not interested in sport? Take a look at the website for other indoor options including filmmaking and a book club.

ss se

3

For more

55

Language in context

1

Ca

Five sentences have been removed from the article. For each gap, choose the correct sentence. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use.

m

The Memory Competition

ge

id

br

It was a cold and grey morning when our teacher Mr Holmes announced that our school would compete in the Junior Memory Championship.

‘Do you know, Clara?, I’ve got a great memory,’ (1) my friend Emily said.

‘I know all the times tables up to 14 times 14.’

U

‘That’s nothing,’ my other friend Kyle said. ‘I always get 10 out of 10 in my spelling tests, don’t I, Clara?’

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

‘I know you both have a good memory,’ I said. ‘Quiet now,’ said Mrs Frank, our class teacher. ‘I’ll set you some challenges and the two best students can go to the competition.’

We spent the rest of the term doing memory tests.

I learned the names of trees, the dates of kings and queens and lots and lots of phone numbers.

‘I imagine numbers as pictures. So for me, the (2) number five is a hand, because we have four fingers and a thumb on a hand,’ explained Kyle.

pyjamas when he plays board games in rockets to space with his vegetarian friends …’

‘That sounds very complicated,’ I said. ‘I like to sing the numbers when I walk to school.’

It was my turn. ‘Crocodile, pyjamas, board games, rocket, space, vegetarian …’

‘I suppose we all learn in different ways. I use pictures, you use songs.’

I got all 35 words right.

‘Clara and Mario have got the highest marks, (3) so they’re going to the competition. Good luck!’

m

A Everyone found it really easy.

E We were all very excited when we heard this.

B I invented a silly sentence and said it silently in my head.

F Emily didn't talk about how we memorised these things.

C Mario and I wrote an essay about the competition.

G Those were the hardest, but my friends had some good tips.

D For each challenge, we had limited amounts of time to memorise everything.

H Then Mr Holmes made the announcement we were all waiting for.

en

How can you study better? Make a list of your three best ideas.

t

56

Unfortunately, I didn’t win, but Mario and I both had a great time. When I saw Mr Holmes, he said ‘Well done Clara! But now you don’t have an excuse for forgetting your homework!’

ss se

The day of the competition was here. There were children from many different schools there. We all went into a big room with our teachers and listened carefully to the instructions. Then we were ready for our first test. We had to remember 35 words, and in ‘Tony the Crocodile wears the correct order. (4)

There were lots more tests I had to do. For example, I had to try and remember the names and faces of 40 people. I also had to remember a long list of numbers.

There were hundreds!

(5)

Language practice 1

5

Grammar look: past simple and present perfect time phrases

Ca

Choose the correct time phrases to complete the sentences.

1

m

ago

br

before

last week

2 Deniz has been at this school

ge

3 We did the test

yet

, but we haven’t got our marks

.

U

his maths class.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

finished all my homework, so I’m going to see my friends.

6 I checked my test and

I gave it to the teacher.

Pupil’s Book 6 page 123

Co

2

then

she was ten.

4 David was hungry so he ate an apple 5 I’ve

since

I got a certificate because my science project was so good.

ago

id

1 A year

already

Complete the email with the correct past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

To: Megan

Hi Megan, I (1) just finished (finish) my homework. I (2) (work) on my science ’ve project. Now my study planner says I can play basketball until dinner time. (tell) us about study planners last week and I (4) (make) one on Our teacher (3) (use) it every day this week and it (6) (be) really useful so far. It helps Saturday. I (5) me organise my time. When I finish everything, I can give myself a reward. (do) all my homework and my reward was half an hour of video games.

Yesterday, I (7) What homework have you had this week? What did you do after you finished all your homework last weekend?

Write soon, Petra

Look at the questions at the end of the email. Discuss them in pairs.

ss se

3

I’ve had some maths homework and a science quiz.

Use a word from each box to make sentences about yourself. Then share your sentences with your partner.

en

4

m

Yes, and we’ve also had some geography homework.

I got good marks in my maths test last week.

t

certificate class course essay exam marks presentation project subject test

a month ago a year ago already for (two) years just last week never since this year yesterday

I’ve won a certificate for my school work this year.

Make a study planner for the week. Include homework, projects, activities and rewards.

57

Vocabulary 2

1

Order the letters to make words. suvoner

confident

lideedgth

mlca

tediesnert

itedexc

drebo

deriwor

ge

id

br

m

Ca

idnfcntoe

U

Use the words in Activity 1 to complete the sentences.

2 I was

at the castle, I was just

about falling. The tour guide’s talk was

Co

1 I wasn’t bored very interesting.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

in the presentation for the first hour, but after that, I fell asleep. Sorry!

3 I know you’re scared of water, but there’s no reason to be breathe deeply and swim through the cave.

4 I was parents!

. Just stay

with the mark I got in geography, 9/10! I’m

5 I’m usually very test. Did I revise enough?

,

about telling my

about doing tests, but I don’t think I did very well in our final maths

3 5.01 Listen and put the pictures in order.

A

B

C

2 James is bored / interested.

3 Chloe is excited / worried.

58

What do you do when you feel nervous, worried or confused? Make a mind map.

t

1 Mrs Palmer is nervous / calm.

en

m

ss se 4 5.02 Listen again. How do the people feel? Choose and give reasons.

Language practice 2

5

Grammar look: review of question forms Match the questions to the answers.

1 2 3 4 5

Could you help me with the homework?

How long have you studied German?

Have you studied for the English test?

Where did you leave your essay?

Did you know you got the top mark?

A B C D E

Yes, I did. I’m delighted.

On the teacher’s desk.

Of course. What's the problem?

For two years.

Yes, I have but I still feel nervous.

U

Complete the dialogue. Use the words in brackets to make questions.

Emma: Mum, (1)

have you seen (you / see) my history project?

No, I haven’t. Where (2)

(you / put) it when you finished working on it?

Co

Mum:

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

ge

id

br

m

Ca

1

Emma: I don’t know … (3)

(you / can / help) me look for it?

Mum:

(you / already / look for) it?

Of course. Where (4)

Emma: I’ve looked in my bedroom and the kitchen.

Mum:

It's here, under the sofa. (5)

(you / know) how dirty it is under here?

Emma: No, I didn't, sorry. I'll clean it up now.

Speaking

3 5.03

Listen to Hugo and Yuna doing Part 1 of a Speaking test. What questions does the examiner ask?

4

the question

Speaking Tip!

again please?

please? you say?

t

3

.

To hear a question again, remember to ask politely for help. Don’t just say ‘What?’!

en

2 Sorry.

Speaking Tip!

m

1 I’m sorry. I

Plan your answers to the examiner’s questions in Activity 3.

Ask and answer in pairs.

ss se

4 5.04 Listen again and complete the phrases.

Why do Hugo and Yuna use them?

5

When we ask someone to do something, our voice goes up at the end.

Could you help me?

Can you repeat that?

Write three requests for your partner starting ‘Could you …’ Practise saying them.

59

Skills practice

Read the story. Then complete the graphic organiser.

1

Title

Setting

ge

id

br

m

Ca

Characters

Solutions

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Problems

2

Number the sentences in order.

3

How do you think the bag of tent poles got into the forest? Write an explanation.

4

Imagine you are sitting around the campfire. Which scary story would you tell?

1

ss se

They arrived very late at the campsite.

Next day Sophie found the tent poles in the forest.

Sophie didn’t want to go camping.

They all sat around the campfire and told scary stories.

60

I would tell a story my uncle told me about a cyclist who disappeared …

t

They couldn’t find the tent poles.

en

m

Joe and Natalie arranged a camping trip.

5 1

Listen to six short conversations. For each question, choose the correct answer.

5.05

br

m

Ca

1 Which place are they going to visit?

B

id

A

C

ge

2 What’s the weather going to be like today?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U A

C

B

C

B

C

Co

B

3 Who’s the guide?

A

4 What's the girl’s favourite food?

A

5 Where are the man’s binoculars?

C

6 What would the boy like to be when he’s older?

en

B

m

ss se

A

t

A

B

C

61

Cross-curricular

1

Read the text again. Compare schools today to schools a hundred years ago.

A hundred years ago there were about sixty pupils in a

Ca

class. In my school there are twenty-five.

ge

id

br

m As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U Ask a grown-up member of your family about their school. Write their answers.

Co

2

1 Where did you go to school when you were my age?

I asked my

2 How many children were in your class?

3 Were there boys and girls in your class?

4 What were your favourite subjects?

5 Did you use any type of technology in the class?

6 What did and didn’t you like about your school? Why?

en

I think schools will

m

Write what you think schools will be like in 2117.

ss se

3

t

62

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

5

For each question, choose the correct answer.

Ca

br

m

The cleaner harbours project

ge

id

Clean Harbours is a project which was started in 2014 by Yannis Metaxis. Yannis was anxious about the (1)… of pollution that he saw in the harbours when he went sailing. He felt extremely disappointed when he realised that some plant species had already disappeared. He has opened a learning centre next to the harbour and now he (2)… children and adults about the connection between water and the natural world.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

School trips to this popular (3)… are mostly organised in term time. As well as local plant life around the harbour, you can discover the life cycles and habitats of the (4)… underwater life from the area.

1

A amount

B height

C length

ss se

Short courses are available for all ages and cover subjects such as recycling water or responsible tourism. Each course has a final test and in (5)… , you receive a certificate to show what you have learned. Yannis and his team are (6)… that the next generation will take more care of their environment.

2

A communicates

B studies

C informs

D involves

3

A scenery

B monument

C entertainment

D attraction

4

A other

B different

C international

D more

5

A case

B reserve

C addition

D advance

6

A confident

B helpful

C reliable

D calm

en

m

D size

t

My progress:

/6

Reading Part 5

63

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

Choose one of these questions. Write your answer in about 100 words.

Ca

m

Part 2

id

br

Question 2 You see this notice on an English-language website.

ge

Articles wanted!

U

School Projects

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

What is the best subject for a school project?

Co

Is it one about the environment, the local town or the weather? Do you prefer to work on school projects alone or with others? Why? Give us your opinions.

We'll publish the best articles on our website!

Write your article.

Question 3 Your English teacher has asked you to write a story.

Your story must begin with this sentence.

I read the instructions and felt confident so I decided to accept the challenge.

Write your story.

en

m

ss se

t My progress:

64

Writing Part 2

/5

Review

1 Complete the sentences with the past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

5 Anna her leg skateboarding at the weekend. (break)

2 We calm when we went into the cave. We don’t like dark spaces. (not feel)

6 She hockey for the school team since she was in Class 7. (play)

3

br

m

Ca

1 I ’ve been to Florida lots of times, and I’m going again next year! (be)

id

a comment on my photo late last night? (you post)

ge

4 Carmen and Samuel the cake yet, but they made it yesterday. (not decorate)

5

7 He delighted about winning the maths competition. (look) 8

the instructions correctly? We’re on Step 4 now, but it doesn’t look like a plane! (we follow)

U

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Order the words to make questions. Then write your answers.

2

1 been / have / How long / this school? / at / you

Co

2 go / the weekend? / at / you usually / do / Where

3 you like / when / What job / you’re older? / would / to do 4 revise / do / a test? / How / you / for

3

Complete the sentences with the correct words.

1 I’m not sure what to do next. An art c o u r s e or drama?

2 I know you’re

, but you could pretend to be interested in my lesson!

3 Yes, it’s the last day of school. I know you’re 4 An

always has an introduction and a conclusion. and you’ll be fine!

6 The last day of the summer

is June 30th this year.

en

t

The boy with number 27 on his shirt has won a competition and is delighted.

m

Read the example. Then, in pairs, discuss the other photos.

ss se

5 Don’t worry. Stay

4

about being on holiday. I am too!

65

6

Good job!

Ca

m

My unit goals

br

Complete for you.

id

What are your goals for this unit?

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

3

U

1

ge

At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about working at different jobs.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

Co

My mission diary

Write about your dream job

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

I can use modal verbs to express possibility.

I can talk about actions that started in the past and continue in the present.

I can write about my ideas using notes.

I can research, write about and present my dream job.

Learning to Learn

t

I can read and understand a story about taking the initiative.

en

66

I can talk about different jobs and the world of work.

m

Tick ✓ what you can do now.

ss se

My progress

Vocabulary 1

1

Look and answer the questions. an architect

a cleaner

Ca 1

a hairdresser

a librarian

a musician

a politician

a sailor

6

a scientist

4

3

Lucia needs a haircut.

Who should she see?

Oooops! Somebody dropped a drink in the office kitchen.

Who can help?

br

m

2

ge

id

Your parents have just bought this! Who should they phone first? an architect

Who works here?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

5

6

8

7

Co Who is going to come on stage?

2

Who works here?

Read the ads and write the jobs.

1

Letters and parcels delivered with a smile in all kinds of weather.

5

3 I design brilliant computer games.

Check out my website to see what I can do!

Long, short, curly or straight,

am y@

Enormous houses | tiny apartments modern hospitals

2 I turn your brilliant ideas into the next bestseller.

Call me!

June

6

yc ut sf yo

Matthew – making all surfaces shine

t

m

In pairs, say which three jobs you wouldn’t like to do and why.

co

3

The perfect style, just for you!

u.

No project too big or too small.

Phone me to discuss.

en

or

Dirty floors?

Mess everywhere?

Great!

m

am

ss se

postman 4

Who speaks about important issues here?

Who might tell them to be quiet?

I wouldn’t like to be a scientist because …

Answer the riddle: I play when I work. Who am I?

67

Language in context

1

6.01

Listen and tick ✓ or cross ✗.

1 The two women have met before.

✓

Ca

2 The man talks about three different books.

4 One of the men is 22.

5 The computer is on.

m

3 The woman thinks teamwork is important.

Listen again. For each question, choose the correct answer.

id

br

2 6.02

1 What will Sarah’s hair look like when she leaves the hairdresser’s?

ge As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U A

B

C

B

C

B

C

Co

2 Which is the best book cover for Tom’s book?

A

3 What’s the woman’s job?

A

4 What’s happening now?

C

B

C

5 What job do the two speakers have?

en

B

m

ss se

A

t

A

68

Choose another job and write down one object that they use. Can your partner guess the job?

Language practice 1

6

Grammar look: expressing possibility (modal verbs)

Ca

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1

m

1 He’s a sailor so he must / can’t know how to swim.

br

2 He can’t / might be a musician. He doesn’t know how to play any instruments.

id

3 I’m not sure what his job is. He must / might be a programmer.

4 I’m sure this building could / must be a library. It’s full of books.

ge

5 There aren’t any desks in this room. It must / can’t be an office.

6 She could / can’t be a politician because she’s good at speaking in front of lots of people.

U

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Pupil’s Book 6 page 124

Match the sentences to the photos. Then complete the sentences.

2

Co

A

B

C

D

E

F

1

1 He could be a programmer or perhaps he’s playing video games.

4 He be a hairdresser … Or maybe he designs clothes.

2 Those ladies over there be librarians. They’re talking so loudly.

5 Oh, you be the cleaner. Could you clean our shower, please? It wasn’t cleaned properly.

3 Who’s that? It be the postman.

He never comes at the weekend.

3

6 She be a professional because she plays the piano so well.

Oliver I’m very interested in subjects like history and literature, so this is the perfect job for me. When I’m at work I meet lots of interesting people all the time.

Write a description of a job. Can your partner guess what it is using might, can’t and must?

t

Yasmin I chose this job because I was very good at maths and science when I was at school. I work very long days – but that’s OK because I really enjoy what I do.

en

Jack I really like my job because I spend a lot of time outside and I meet new people every day. The only thing I don’t like about my job is the uniform!

m

Let’s talk about work!

ss se

Look at the people in the article. Write two sentences about each person, saying what job you think they do.

69

Vocabulary 2

1

Look at the code and write the words.

♥a

Ca

■

2

■

▲♥

m

1

5

7

▲

8

♥

◆

▲

▲

▲ ♥

■

▲

▲▲

10 ▲ ♥ 11

♥

◆

–t◆

▲

Complete the texts with the correct form of the words in Activity 1.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

–

♥

boss

u

ge

6

♥

id

4

◆i ■o 9

◆

br

3

▲

▲e

Co

If you want a (1) career as a musician, you need to start when you’re young. This is Alma Deutscher.

She plays the piano and violin and writes and performs her own operas!

Next year I want to get a (4) job, just at the weekends and during the school holidays. I don’t mind what I do are nice but if my (5) people, I’ll be happy!

Hi Jenny,

Guess what? I’ve decided to (2) my job! I because she’s always don’t really like my (3) rude to me. Anyway, I’ve decided to leave to join the circus, or climb Mount Everest, or something!

Speak soon, Adrian

Kim, Remember it’s your dad’s last day at . So, work today before he (6) we’re going out for a meal to celebrate.

Don’t forget!

Mum

70

What will be important jobs in the future? Write down three and compare with your partner.

t

I didn’t spend much time with my parents when I was little because they set up their own travel business. Things improved after a few years and they employed some (9) . When I left school, I joined them too, and I love it. I work (10) – six days a week – and they pay me a good (11) .

en

m

ss se

Dear Aunt Fix-it, .

I’m a bit worried about my sister Sofia. She’s finished university, but she’s not working. She’s (7) any money. She’s applied for jobs but She can’t afford to go out much because she doesn’t (8) has had no luck. She’s very clever, she’s great with people and she got excellent grades at university. What should she do next? Please help. Sam

Language practice 2

6

Grammar look: present perfect continuous Match the sentence halves and underline the verbs in the present perfect continuous.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Max is unemployed and Sara has had a long career – My mum has a full-time job so My salary increased so Dad has some good ideas and My grandma retired last year and

ge

id

br

m

Ca

1

A B C D E F

I’ve been earning more money recently. she’s been enjoying her free time since then. he’s been looking for a job this week. she’s been working for 50 years! she's been working hard all week. he's been talking to his boss about them.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous form of the verbs from the box.

Co

help not sit not talk study wait work

1 I 've been studying programming at university for three months.

4 Anna as an architect for two years. She loves her job.

2

5 Your colleagues never talk about anyone.

David you in your new job? I asked him to give you a hand.

3 She at her desk today. I don’t know where she is.

Speaking

3

6

you for me for a long time? I’m so sorry I’m late.

Look at the picture. Talk with your partner and describe what you see.

5 6.04 Listen again and complete the phrases for speculating.

2 It l

4 P

like …

5 It’s p

they’ve …

Speaking Tip!

that …

t

Look at the picture.

Work with your partner to describe it. Use the phrases from Activity 5.

s like …

en

3 It s

m

1 They m u s t be …

ss se

4 6.03 Listen to Hugo doing Part 2 of a Speaking test.

Did you have the same ideas?

6

about you! They

In Part 2 of the Speaking test we can speculate about things in the picture using must, might, may, could and can’t.

Make a mind map of vocabulary related to the different professions in the pictures.

71

Skills practice

1

Answer the questions.

4 What type of business does he want to start?

Both his parents worked.

2 What is his school project about?

m

5

3 When can Fahad work?

6 Why has Fahad stopped daydreaming?

Ca

1 Why is Fahad alone in the house so often?

How does Fahad find customers?

ge

id

br

2

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Imagine you were opening a car-washing business. Write the information you would put on the internet.

Your contact information

The days you wash cars and how long it takes

What you charge

Co

The name of company

Design a card for your company with your notes from Activity 2.

en

m

ss se

3

t

72

6 1

Read this email from your English-speaking friend Fahad and the notes you have made.

Ca

Subject: Smart Car Washing

To:

br

m

From: Fahad

I’m planning to offer extra services for the clients’ car washes. What sorts of things do you think I could offer?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Suggest something

You can wash cars on your own or we can wash them together.

Tell Fahad

U

Tell Fahad what you would prefer

ge

id

Hello everyone. I’ve started a business washing cars at weekends. I now have so many cars to wash that I need help. Would you like to work with me?

Of course we get paid for every car we wash, so you’d earn some money.

Co

I hope you’re interested in helping me.

Fahad

Explain how much you want to earn

Write your email to Fahad in about 100 words, using all the notes.

To: Fahad From:

Subject: Smart Car Washing

en

m

ss se

t 73

Cross-curricular

1 Look at the pictures and write the correct word from the box. Then write 1, 2 or 3 for primary, secondary or tertiary sectors.

Ca

construction

m A

education

B

farming

C

food industry

health

mining industry

E

F

D

ge

id

br health 3

Read and answer yes or no.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

1 Primary sector workers produce natural products or extract them from the ground.

Co

2 Teachers and bus drivers work in the secondary sector.

3 Tertiary workers provide a service to customers.

4 The secondary sector uses materials from the primary sector.

5 The energy industry is part of the primary sector.

3

Find out what we can make from these raw materials.

wheat olives milk strawberries

4

cotton leather sand wood

Order the pictures. Write a sentence about each step of the chain of production.

B

C

m

ss se

A

en

1

t

D

74

E

F

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

6.05

For each question, choose the correct answer.

6

1 When he was at school, Danny particularly enjoyed A playing music with his friends.

B having individual lessons.

C taking part in concerts.

id

br

m

Ca

You will hear an interview with a young musician called Danny.

ge

2 Performing at parties helped Danny to A earn some extra money.

B improve his song-writing skills.

C feel more confident about playing in public.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Co

3 How does Danny now feel about his first online music video?

A impressed by the way he sang in it B surprised by how quickly it became popular C embarrassed by the number of mistakes in it 4 In making his latest album, Danny found it hard to decide A which order the songs should be in.

B what style the music should be.

C what picture should go with it.

5 What did Danny think of the festival he attended recently?

A It had an interesting variety of bands.

B It offered great value for money.

C It was in a suitable location.

en

m

ss se

6 What does Danny plan to do next?

A develop a new skill B move to a different country C work more with other musicians

t My progress:

/6

Listening Part 4

75

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

For each question, write the correct answer. Write one word for each gap.

Ca

m

Being a postman

id

br

Being a postman might look easy, but it's actually quite hard. I’ve learned a lot (1)… neighbourhoods and pets over the years! The strangest animal I’ve seen at one (2)… the houses is a monkey in the front garden!

ge

The first thing I do each day is prepare the mail with my colleagues. After a short break, we start our routes. I love being a postman because I get to be connected with (3)… public. I deliver on foot, by bike or with a small van. I have (4)… be prepared for all kinds of weather. For example, (5)… it’s very rainy, I need to be careful not to get wet.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Co

Modern changes include improvements to the uniform and encouraging more women to join the postal service. Training starts (6)… young as sixteen. I was nineteen when I started and I've been enjoying my job ever since.

1 2

3

5

4

6

en

m

ss se

t My progress:

76

Reading Part 6

/6

Review

1

Complete the text with may, might, could or can’t. Use each verb only once. There is more than one possibility.

In this photo, there’s a man in a blue suit and red tie who is talking. There are people watching him. I think some of them (1) be his colleagues. He (2) be a musician because he hasn’t got an instrument and he isn’t singing. I don’t know his name, but he (3) be a politician because he’s talking to lots of people and he looks confident.

Who knows – he (4) want to be the next president.

ge

id

br

m

Ca U

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from the box.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

Co

look after

not earn

1 I’m really tired because I ’ve been looking after 2 Come on Toby, you 3 How long 4 We

play

read sunbathe

our new puppy all day.

computer games since 4 o’clock!

you

that book, Sofia? Two weeks?

on the beach all day. I think we’ve got a bit burnt.

5 Vincente is recently unemployed so he

3

money lately.

Read and complete the crossword.

Down

1 When somebody doesn’t have a job, they're …

1

3

2 Someone who designs buildings is an …

5

Across 6

6 Someone who sometimes works in a laboratory is a …

t

What do you think the man in the photo does?

Where does he work? Who does he work with?

4

en

5 Someone you work with is a …

2

m

3 Someone who decides which books are made is a …

u n e m p l o y e d

ss se

4 When you stop working permanently, usually when you’re in your sixties, you …

4

6

I think he must be a …

77

Review

Units 4–6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from the box. phone

read

m

Ca

1

revise

show

br

1 If you leave your stuff on the floor, I’ll

id

2 All boarding passes must 3 ‘

ge

you

4 We

speak

throw

it

away

wear

!

at the departure gate. your grandma recently?’ ‘Yes, I have. I

to her yesterday.’

a bestselling novel in class this week. all week.

in Egypt 3,000 years ago.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

6 These bracelets

U

5 I'm confident about passing the exam. I

Find the mistake in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences correctly.

Co

2

throw away

1 He was show where to put his luggage, then he went to say hello to everyone else.

He was shown where to put his luggage, then he went to say hello to everyone else.

2 I was working as a tour guide since July last year and I love my job.

3 Robert is a pilot and works full time so he can’t earn a good salary.

4 We are saw our local politician in the village at the weekend.

5 You did took a taxi from the airport?

6 Next term our music teacher is going to teach us the violin, so I’m going to take up it.

Complete the definitions. pilot

is someone who flies a plane.

4 A is someone who goes travelling around lots of places for a period of time.

78

5 A is something you receive when you’ve done well in a competition or passed an exam.

t

3 When you feel really happy about something you feel .

is the person who is in charge

en

2 A is someone whose job involves playing an instrument or singing.

6 A at work.

m

1 A

ss se

3

Writing

Read this email from your English-speaking friend, Jo.

1

6

Ca

To: From:

Jo

m

Hi,

br

Yes – say what

I’m so glad you’re allowed to visit me this summer. You must be very excited! I know I am!

id

Yes!

ge

I know it’s your first time flying on your own, so try not to worry. Since it’s a long flight, what are you going to take with you so you aren’t bored?

U

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

I’ve got to do a school project during the holiday. Will you have any homework?

Tell Jo what

Co

Mum and I will pick you up from the airport. What activity would you like to do during your visit?

Don’t forget your passport!

See you soon, Jo

2

Suggest something

Read Jo’s email. Answer yes or no.

1 Jo is looking forward to your visit.

3 Jo has a test to do during the holiday.

2 Jo knows you haven’t flown before.

4 Jo is coming to meet you with her dad.

3

Now answer the question in Activity 1 using all your notes. Write your answer in about 100 words.

Exam Tip!

In this part of the exam, you need to include each note in your answer.

en

m

From:

Jo

ss se

To:

t Writing practice

79

7

In the news

Ca

m

My unit goals

br

Complete for you.

id

What are your goals for this unit?

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

3

U

1

ge

At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about the news and news reports.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

Co

My mission diary

Write a news report

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

80

Learning to Learn

t

I can report questions that people asked.

I can write a message to a friend.

I can read and understand a story about being honest.

I can work with a partner to write a news report.

en

I can talk about the news and crime.

I can use reported speech to say what people said.

m

Tick ✓ what you can do now.

ss se

My progress

Vocabulary 1

1

Read and label the items. Use the words from the box. article

cameraman

crime

criminal

headline

interview

Ca

reporter

OWN GOAL FOR FOOTBALL CARD THIEF!

m

By Amelia Roberts

br

2

7

1

headline

Billy Jenkins caught on camera stealing football cards from local shop.

Sixteen-year old criminal …

ge

id

3

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

5

Co

On page 8, Jasper Smith meets Sandra Snow.

Read the gossip here.

4

2

7

Read and complete the definitions.

1 A

judge

is someone who says what punishment a criminal receives.

2 A

is a person who helps someone who has a problem with the law.

3 A

is someone who investigates crimes.

4 A

is someone who breaks the law.

5 A

is someone who might write about a crime in an article.

6 A

is someone who might film a criminal walking into court.

Complete the article using words from Activities 1 and 2.

en

t

What other words about crime and the news do you know? Make a list.

m

Sixteen-year-old (1) criminal Billy Jenkins appeared in court yesterday under arrest for the theft of 500 football cards. Jenkins wore a smart black suit , Mrs Julia Hammond, who as he walked into court with his (2) asked him was defending him. Jenkins seemed upset when a (3) away, almost breaking his a question, and he pushed the (4) , camera. The judge said stealing from a shop was a serious (5) and a serious punishment was the only option. Jenkins will spend 100 hours picking up litter from outside the local shops and parks. (6) Ashton, who investigated the crime, said she was happy with the result.

ss se

3

6

81

Language in context

For each question, choose the correct answer.

1

Ca

Police officer Simon Holmes talks about his job

ge

id

br

m

I decided to become a police officer because I like the idea of helping people and making the world a safer and better place. Before I could go out in my uniform, I had to learn lots of laws that exist here in the UK. The majority of them are obvious – we all know that we aren’t allowed to steal things, drive too fast or go through red traffic lights. But then I found some really unusual ones!

U

Co

1 What does Simon say about most laws in the UK?

T here aren’t many laws because it’s a safe place.

B

M ost laws are about driving and traffic.

C

M ost laws are things that everybody knows.

D

Only police officers understand them.

wearing a police officer’s uniform

C

tearing a postcard

D

p utting a stamp on something the wrong way up

wear noisy footwear

B

play sport on certain beach

C

laugh at newspapers

D

visit cheese factories

4 What would be a good introduction to this article?

A

P olice Officer Simon Holmes tells us about some surprising laws.

B

I n this article, Police Officer Simon Holmes talks about his experiences of being a police officers in different countries.

C

P olice Officer Simon Holmes retires and investigates strange laws in other countries.

D

F or Police Officer Simon Holmes, being a police officer is very boring. Here he tells us about his first year in the job.

Which of the laws in the article do you think is the strangest? Discuss with your partner.

t

B

A

en

bringing potatoes from any country

3 What mustn’t you do in Italy?

m

A

Of course, most of these strange laws are funny and you probably wouldn’t go to jail if you broke them, but it’s a good reminder that before we travel anywhere new, we should always read about how to behave so we don’t get in trouble or upset people.

ss se

A

2 I n the second paragraph, what is illegal in the UK?

82

You might think our laws in the UK are a little odd, but I spoke to a detective from Italy. In his country, you aren’t allowed to build sandcastles on a particular beach or wear flip-flops if they’re noisy. And if you see this headline ‘Worker falls asleep in cheese factory’, please don’t laugh. It’s a serious crime in Italy.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Imagine you’re invited to a fancy-dress party.

There are lots of people you could dress up as, but if you’re caught wearing a sailor’s uniform in the UK, you could go to jail for three months.

So, you ought to wear something else instead.

If you’re visiting the UK from abroad, it’s useful to know that you can bring potatoes from anywhere in the world, just not Poland. You probably won’t get through security at the airport if you have a few Polish potatoes in

your bag. If you follow our laws, you won’t get arrested and you’ll have a great time and leave with happy memories. Don’t even think about putting a stamp on a postcard upside down though. It’s against the law in the UK!

Language practice 1

7

Grammar look: reported speech

Ca

1

The judge said that the man was / has been a criminal.

2 ‘The cameraman isn’t here.’

The reporter said that the cameraman isn’t / wasn’t there.

3 ‘We will catch the criminal.’

The police said that they will / would catch the criminal.

4 ‘You can put my photo in your newspaper.’

The detective told me that I would / could put his photo in the newspaper.

5 ‘I like this article.’

The boss told the reporter that he liked / likes the article.

6 ‘I won’t publish this interview.’

The reporter told the detective that she couldn’t / wouldn’t publish the interview.

br

1 ‘You’re a criminal!’

id

m

Look at the reported speech. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

ge

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Co

2

Read the messages from Alex. Complete the report in reported speech with one or two words in each gap.

Earlier this morning, Alex said he (1) was in the café with Sophia. They (2) at a table next to the window. There (3) lots of people they (4) there. At just before half past ten, Alex said that they (5) a good view of the street.

Then at 10.44, Alex sent another message. He said that he and Sophia (6) two men on motorbikes and that they (7) like the criminals on the news. A minute later he said he (8) sure it was them and that he (9) what to do. Two minutes later he said he (10) the police. I wonder what happened next.

Rewrite the newsreaders’ sentences in reported speech.

m

ss se

10.20 I’m in the café with Sophia. We’re at a table next to the window.

10.21 There are lots of people we know here.

10.27 We have a good view of the street.

10.44 We can see two men on motorbikes.

They look like the criminals on the news!

10.45 I’m sure it’s them. I don’t know what to do.

10.47 I’ll call the police.

3

Pupil’s Book 6 page 125

en

1 The weather will be cold and rainy. (Jack) Jack said the weather would be cold and rainy.

4 Judge Collins will send two criminals to prison. (Emma)

3 I’m looking forward to interviewing a famous actor later. (Jack)

5 Southtown FC won’t win all of their games.

(Jack)

Write down three things people have said to you today in reported speech.

t

2 Police can’t find a thief who steals bikes in the city centre. (Emma)

83

Vocabulary 2

Find six verbs in the wordsnake.

e

u rr

pt screamw

in

t

1

hi

sp

erc

n omplai

j

e ok

deman

d

m

Ca br

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from Activity 1.

2

3

4

5

6

ge

id

1 One girl is w h i s p e r i n g to her friend in class. Our teacher said that was very rude.

1

U

2 That ride looks very frightening. Did you when you were upside down?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

to the referees 3 The footballer about their decision. He thought it was unfair.

Co

about not having enough 4 Sally’s mother flour when there was flour everywhere!

5 Rafael working to give him a hug.

his father while he was

that she turn down 6 Alex's parents the music. They thought it was too loud!

3 7.01 Listen and complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from the box. claim

complain

demand

interrupt

1 David asked Mia what she thought of the headline. Mia replied that it was shocking.

2 Fiona 4 Jessica

‘Be quiet!’

about her terrible holiday.

whisper

that he looked like a another pizza

8 Emily her room.

that there was a snake in

9 Beth breakfast.

the tour guide to ask about

en

In pairs, say and guess the verb.

Complain?

Correct! Your turn.

Suggest?

Give me my phone!

Mime three of the verbs in Activity 3. Can your partner guess which they are?

No. Try again.

t

Oh no. This sandwich has cucumber. I hate cucumber!

84

7 Juan Diego immediately.

suggest

m

4

scream

6 Jimena lawyer.

going to the cinema.

5 Gabriel that he had been best friends with George Ezra since school.

reply

ss se

3 The librarian

joke

Language practice 2

7

Grammar look: questions in reported speech Complete the reported questions with the correct words from the box.

Ca

1

her

if

was

were

who

would

m

br

1 Do you know where the hamster is? ➔ He asked if I knew where the hamster go.

3 Who do you know in the city? ➔ He asked

I knew in the city.

4 Can you answer the question? ➔ She asked

I could answer the question.

5 What are you doing? ➔ He asked what we

doing.

ge

id

2 Where will you go? ➔ She asked where I

6 Are you talking to me? ➔ She asked if I was talking to

.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Speaking

.

was

2 7.02 Listen to Yuna and Hugo doing Part 3 of a Speaking test. Which job do they choose?

3 7.03 Listen again and complete the questions.

1 Shall 2 Do you

4

?

the …?

5 What’s your

that?

6 Shall we

…?

the …?

ss se

3 What do you

4 What

?

Which of the people in Activity 2 do you think the teacher should invite to talk to the class? Discuss in pairs, and give reasons for your choice.

When we ask and answer questions, we put stress on the most important words.

‘What job do you want to do when you’re older?’

‘I want to be a scientist.’

In a conversation, we usually ask each other questions to get more information and to keep the conversation going.

Practise asking your partner what job they want to do. Think about word stress when you ask and answer.

t

Speaking Tip!

en

m

Pronunciation Tip!

85

Skills practice

1

Answer the questions about the story.

Ca

1 What did Robert McGinty do?

br

m

2 What is Elizabeth Sánchez’s job?

3 Why was it hard to catch Robert McGinty?

id

ge

4 Did Elizabeth Sánchez catch Robert McGinty on her own?

Read the sentences. Do you agree with them? Why? Why not? Discuss your ideas in a group.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

Co

1 Criminals like Robert McGinty should go to prison for a long time.

2 Instead of prison, criminals like Robert McGinty should do work in the community to help other people.

3 Police officers should only try to catch criminals. It isn’t their job to think about why people commit crimes.

4 We should help criminals change their behaviour.

3

In pairs, discuss your ideas from Activity 3.

FACT!

t

86

Find out about the police force in your country.

Write three facts.

en

5

m

The world’s first modern police force was London’s Metropolitan Police Service. It was set up in 1829 by a politician called Sir Robert Peel. The professional police officers who worked for the service became known as bobbies (Bobby is short for Robert).

Some people in the UK still call police officers bobbies.

ss se

4

How can we keep safe online? Write your ideas below.

7

For each question, write the correct answer. Write one word for each gap.

1

Ca

m

The day my identity was stolen

ge

id

br

I’d just come home and turned my computer on. I was surprised to see a picture on the screen. It was of (1) ....... foot above a banana skin. Under the image there was a message. ‘Don’t slip up,’ (2) ....... said.

U

When I realised that I couldn’t delete the picture, I felt angry. I turned my computer off (3) ....... on, but the picture was still there. I couldn’t use my computer.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

(4) ....... next day, the bank told me there wasn’t (5) ....... money left in my account.

I phoned the police. ‘You’re not the only one,’ they said. ‘Somebody’s been stealing people’s identities online.’ I felt such a fool. It took six months (6) ....... get my money back.

1 2

3

5

4

6

en

m

ss se Exam Tip!

t

Think of the part of speech that needs to fill each gap. For example, does the gap need a pronoun (it, she), an article (the, a) or a preposition (of, in)?

87

Cross-curricular

1

Read and answer the questions.

1 When do the lines on our fingers and thumbs form?

Ca

2 Explain how a fingerprint can identify a person.

m

br

3 When did the police first use a fingerprint to solve a crime?

ge

id

4 Explain how technology can make police work easier.

5 What substances are fingerprints made from?

B

3

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Describe the fingerprints. Find the two that are the same.

Co

A

U

2

C

E

D

Make a fingerprint. In pairs, compare yours to your partner’s.

My partner’s fingerprints

88

In pairs, read and answer the questions.

t

4

en

My fingerprints have got …

m

arches loops whorls

My fingerprints

ss se

Remember the words

1 What other ways can fingerprints be used for identification?

3 Can you think of a material that will be difficult to find fingerprints on?

2 What other ways can police identify people?

4 Why mustn’t you touch anything at a crime scene?

Fingerprints can be used on identity cards and …

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

7

For each question, choose the correct answer.

Ca

Writer Ishmael Hanes talks about his work

ge

id

br

m

I’m a crime writer and I get many of my ideas from real events. As you can imagine, reading the daily newspapers takes up most of my morning. If you read about the same thing in more than one newspaper, you often get different points of view or you find out extra details, which I love searching for. For example, in one paper there was an article about a young woman who had complained about her neighbour’s loud music, which was giving her headaches. In another paper, the neighbour claimed that he didn’t know the woman. When the reporter asked him what kind of music he liked, the neighbour replied that he hardly listened to music ever!

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

More serious articles about thieves or break-ins are what I like reading about the most. My fans ask me, ‘Don’t you feel depressed if you read too many stories like that?’ The honest answer is no! My imagination makes me think about all kinds of situations and my characters meet all kinds of people around the world.

Co

When I was at high school, I always knew that I wanted to write and so my Literature teacher told me about an after-school writing club. I used to go once a week and it gave me a sense of what I wanted to do in the future. I wasn’t very confident , so meeting other young writers really helped me. I was able to work on and develop my story-writing skills, which is why I joined.

My parents didn’t agree with my choice to become an author. They didn’t believe I would earn enough in this kind of work. In fact, they wanted me to study economics. Fortunately, my parents are proud of me now and I certainly don’t have any regrets. I’m glad I went to university in the end because I made new friends and developed my abilities. I even won a prize for an interview with a lawyer during my first year.

1 What does Ishmael say he enjoys most about reading newspapers?

A using his mornings to only read articles B getting ideas for his work from articles C reading his favourite reporters’ articles D noticing missing information in similar articles

en

m

t

3 Ishmael says that he joined a writing club A to help other young writers.

B in order to please his teacher.

C to practise writing stories.

D to get some careers advice.

5 What would be the best introduction to this article?

A For Ishmael, nothing is more important than his fans or winning prizes.

B Ishmael describes how his ideas come from everyday stories in the news.

C In this article, Ishmael explains how he chose writing instead of economics.

D Ishmael Hanes tells us about his interest in economics although it wasn't his career choice.

ss se

2 What does Ishmael say about more serious articles?

A They are what he prefers to read.

B His fans don’t like him reading them.

C He creates characters from those types of crimes.

D He is amazed when his readers solve the crimes.

4 How does Ishmael feel now?

A He isn't sorry about his decision to be a writer.

B He still wants to study economics.

C He is grateful for meeting a lawyer.

D He regrets not earning enough money.

My progress:

/5

Reading Part 3

89

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

7.04

For each question, choose the correct answer.

Ca

1 You will hear two friends talking about a film they have seen.

What did the girl find hard to understand? t he way the story ended

B

t he reason why the crime took place

C

t he behaviour of one of the characters

id

br

m

A

2 You will hear two friends talking about jobs.

ge

What do they both think would be important for them in a job? g etting on with colleagues

B

b eing able to travel a lot

C

e arning a high salary

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

A

Co

3 You will hear a boy telling his friend about a campsite he went to.

How did he feel when he was there?

A

a nnoyed by some of the other visitors

B

d isappointed with the weather

C

s urprised by how good the facilities were

4 You will hear two friends talking about a school project.

What is the girl doing?

A

o ffering to check what her friend has written

B

e xplaining where her friend should look for information

C

s uggesting some ideas that her friend could use

5 You will hear a brother and sister talking about making a cake.

What do they disagree about?

B

w hat to put in it

C

w ho to give it to

en

6 You will hear a brother and sister talking about a shoe shop they’ve just been to.

m

w hen to do it

ss se

A

90

A

t he assistants were unhelpful.

B

t he prices were too high.

C

t he shoes were the wrong size.

Listening Part 2

t

The girl left the shop without buying anything because

My progress:

/6

Review

1

3

Someone took Mrs Stonesfield’s favourite mug at lunchtime today. Who did it?

1 The headline (dlheneai) in the newspaper said ‘Manchester United win cup’.

Ca

Read the sentences. Then rewrite them using direct speech.

br

m

1 Robert said that he knew and would tell me what happened the next day.

I know and I’ll tell you what happened tomorrow.

ge

id

2 Rosie said that she saw the mug two hours ago.

3 Hannah said that she would buy her a new mug.

U

Co

5 Mr Simpson said he didn’t have his own mug so he borrowed a different mug every day.

2

Order the letters to complete the sentences.

(veidecett) spoke to the 2 The criminal and (anddeedm) to know the truth. (pewderhis) her 3 Jenny answer in court. The judge told her to speak up.

4 The head

(ortrerep) (gessutedg) I went to interview the pop star.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

4 Jaime and Anna said that they were doing their homework .

7

Order the words to make sentences.

1 if I / Rebecca. / They / asked / called / me / was They asked me if I was called Rebecca.

2 what / Lucy asked / the / was. / problem / Mrs Greene 3 him / with / would / us / if / he / We / maths exercise. / help / asked / the

(tiintuperngr) 5 Tom is always when his teacher is talking.

(mlincria) 6 The (gedrau) with the police officer but he was still arrested for stealing.

4

Match the sentence halves.

1 Nina claimed

2 We screamed when

3 The judge said it

5 asked / article / me / I / preferred. / which / Kim

5 I asked the cameraman

D that we didn’t know the answer.

E was a very serious crime.

en

F and she helps people in court.

t

6 Martha and I replied

C not to film the interview.

m

4 My mum’s a lawyer

B she didn’t know who committed the crime.

ss se

4 the music. / Tim and Ben / turn off / I / ask / could / didn’t / if they /

A James jumped out from behind the door.

91

8

Fantastic flavours

Ca

m

My unit goals

br

Complete for you.

id

What are your goals for this unit?

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

3

U

1

ge

At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about food.

List four things you want to know or do better. A

How do you feel about your goals?

Co

My mission diary

Write a review of a café

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

I can use reflexive pronouns.

I can write a food diary.

I can write a review of a café and present it to my classmates.

I can use too, enough and as … as.

92

Learning to Learn

t

I can read and understand a play about working hard.

en

I can name different foods and courses and describe them.

m

Tick ✓ what you can do now.

ss se

My progress

Vocabulary 1 1

1 Find the words and label the pictures.

2

Ca

9

8

3

8

tuna

ge

id

br

m 7

u r

c c

u r

m e

b a

e m

r a

r r y s b r

c c f e j s

o p e a r p

c d k t i i

o r i c e n

n e h d t a

u l a m b c

t u n a g h

4 5

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U 6

c u

2

Find the bold letters and make the food word.

3

Match the descriptions to the photos.

1 No, this obviously isn’t vegetarian. Here we have some meat cooked on the barbecue. It's served with some chopped red and yellow peppers, with some green peppers on the side. A 2 I choose this one. It’s a delicious type of tart with fruit. Can you guess what the fruit is? It isn’t apple, it’s pear. Sometimes I pour cream on top.

3 This meal has lots of variety – rice, curry, some cucumber and some bread on the side. It looks delicious and very filling!

4 I don’t usually like spicy food, but when I was in Thailand, I tried this! One of the main ingredients is coconut. They even serve it in one!

ss se

5 That looks nice, and very hot too! I’m not keen on spinach, but I know it’s very good for you. I think you can have it before your main course.

B

C

D

E

en

m

A

t

4 Look at Activity 3 again. In pairs, decide if the dishes are a starter, a main course or a dessert.

I think dish A looks like a main course.

Are any of the food words similar in your language? Can you say them in any other languages? Discuss in pairs.

93

Language in context

1

Ca

The people below all want to go out for something to eat. Decide which place would be the most suitable for each one. For questions 1–4, write the correct letter (A–F).

br

m

1 Maria prefers eating at places that serve breakfast all day. She wants to try somewhere that has recently opened and is popular with young people.

ge

id

2 James wants to go out with his friends to a place known for its desserts. He’d like somewhere that has special offers and an international selection of desserts to choose from.

U

3 Niko would like to go out for dinner one evening with her college friends and do some activities while they’re there. She’d also prefer a place that offers discounts to students.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

4 Michael is going on holiday to India with his family and would like to try a wide range of Indian dishes before he goes abroad. He’d like to find a special event where he can eat outdoors.

Reviews of the city’s top places to eat A

C

F

Joe’s is the new favourite place that college students are talking about. This restaurant breaks the rules by offering one menu absolutely full of tasty breakfast, lunch and dinner dishes served from 9 a.m. until midnight.

Make sure you book to eat at Hot Spot or you won’t get a table. This popular new restaurant offers the city’s tastiest selection of burgers with vegan, vegetarian and meat versions of every burger on the menu. There’s an outdoor area to play pool or table tennis for a small fee or free with student ID. Open from noon till late.

en

Write a menu for your favourite meal and share it with your partner. Include a starter, main course and dessert.

t

Come to 1Food for a food experience that you won’t forget! Last year’s annual international food festival had over 50 stalls selling Brazilian food in the town square. At the same popular location, there’ll be even more choice! This year’s food sellers are going to be offering typical foods from India such as snacks, desserts and drinks.

D

At the new Eat! festival you’ll try food from around the world. Expect stalls to be selling anything from curries from India to ice cream from Italy. Entry is £2 or free for under 5s and students.

m

94

Sophie’s Kitchen has won many awards for its huge range of delicious sweet dishes by using recipes from around the world. Be sure to download the app to book a table and get a free drink on your first visit.

B

ss se

E

Door to India’s food is amazing and their daily lunch special is one of the best in the city! You get to choose a delicious vegetarian curry with rice and a soft drink for only £10 (£8 for students).

Language practice 1

8

Grammar look: reflexive pronouns

Ca

Match the sentence halves.

1

A myself to cook. I’m quite good now!

B yourself or did you buy it?

C himself using an online recipe.

D yourself to more food if you’re hungry.

E themselves at the new restaurant.

F herself on the oven when she was cooking.

ge

id

br

m

1 My parents really enjoyed 2 I taught 3 Sara burned 4 Please, help 5 Dani, did you bake this cake 6 Sam made the starter

U

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

Pupil’s Book 6 page 126

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

Co

herself

himself

1 Zak bought all the food

myself

ourselves

himself .

2 I helped to lemonade and sandwiches after the match.

3 Did you enjoy class?

3

in the cookery

themselves

yourself

4 Maria surprised the curry she made.

when she tasted

5 We grow all of the vegetables

.

6 The twins made pancakes for breakfast all by .

Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns.

4 I burnt on the oven once, so I always use oven gloves now.

2 Some people prefer to make pizza bases .

5 My dad says food tastes better to him when he cooks it and I agree!

3 Hey you two. Be careful you don’t cut chopping the vegetables.

6 Don’t try to cook if you are by home. Always have an adult there.

Ask your classmates about the following things.

Lisa told me that she could make pasta with sauce by herself.

Yes. I think I can make pasta with sauce!

Make a list of tasks you can do by yourself and things you want to learn to do.

t

Lisa, can you make a hot meal by yourself?

Now share the results from Activity 4 in pairs.

en

bake a cake change a lightbulb make a computer presentation make a hot meal

5

at

m

4

ss se

1 My brother and I cook for ourselves sometimes.

Javier told me ...

95

Vocabulary 2

Order the letters to make the words.

1

2

Ca

seetw sweet

br

m

1

6

id

3

latehhy

fcitaasnt

5

ge

4

ttiber

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

zaim ang

8

Co

7

sttay

ulafw

uggn isidst

10 ersfh

9

yicsp

11

2 8.01 Listen and put the pictures in order.

B

C

D

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1 The skin of a fruit like an orange is called the peel / top.

ss se

A

4

foulvar

96

Person 2

Person 3

Person 4

4 The boy can / can’t think of one positive thing about his new diet.

Describe your favourite food to your partner. Can they guess what it is?

t

Person 1

3 The peppers are called Aji peppers because that’s the look / sound people make when they eat them.

en

3 8.02 Listen again and write the adjectives the people use to describe the food.

m

2 The French word for ‘candyfloss’ means Grandad’s / Dad’s beard.

Language practice 2

8

Grammar look: too and enough, (not) as … as Choose the option (A or B) that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 I’m as tall as my brother.

A We’re the same height.

B

My brother is taller than me.

2 The dessert is sweet enough.

A It needs more sugar.

B

It doesn’t need more sugar.

3 It’s too cold to stay outside.

A We should stay outside.

B

We should go inside.

4 My bike’s not as fast as yours.

A Your bike is faster.

B

My bike is faster.

ge

id

br

m

Ca

1

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Complete the sentences with too + to, or enough + to. Then match them to the pictures (A–D).

A

Co

2

1 This is

too

hot

to

eat!

2 This coffee isn’t sweet drink.

Speaking

3 8.03 Listen to Hugo and Yuna doing Part 4 of a Speaking test.

Tick ✓ the things that Yuna talks about:

B

C

D

1

3 This food is

unhealthy eat. I don’t want any more.

4 It isn’t warm cream today.

eat ice

4 8.04 Listen to the questions and circle where the stress falls.

1 What type of food do you like?

2 Do you like going out for meals?

3 Who do you like going out with?

her favourite restaurant

4 Where do you go?

which vegetables she eats

how often she eats out with her family

Answer the questions with as much information as possible, but remember, the examiner might interrupt you to ask another question!

Pronunciation Tip!

t

Speaking Tip!

Now plan your answers to the questions in Activity 4 and practise with a partner.

en

what she likes to buy

5

m

what she enjoys cooking

ss se

what type of fish she eats

When talking about things we like, our voice is light and sounds positive. When talking about things we dislike, our voice is flatter and sounds negative.

With a partner, practise saying 'The holidays are finishing' in two ways: 1) feeling happy, 2) feeling sad.

97

Skills practice

1

Match the people to the planets.

id

br

m

Ca 1 Lisa

ge

A

2 Nurse

3 Tilly

4 Temoc

B

C

D

Earth

Mars

Q01

Co

2

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U B162

Look at the questions then read the text again and answer the questions.

BOOK REVIEW

Who is the play about?

Why does the main character turn blue?

Now complete the summary of the story.

How did the play end?

t

98

en

The play is about a young girl called .

Lisa One day she asks her grandfather how to improve her brain power because she grades and the school will back to Earth.

Her grandfather says that when he was a boy they said you should eat lots of to improve your brain power. and .

This gives her an idea and she eats lots of blue.

Unfortunately, she hard and isn’t sent back to Earth.

At the end of the play she

m

ss se

3

What is the problem?

8

Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space.

1

ge

id

br

m

Ca As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Fun facts about food

Cutting onions releases a gas … makes you cry.

2

Ketchup was … in the 1830’s as a medicine.

3

The fear of vegetables … called Lachanophobia.

4

The word vegetable has no scientific definition, … you can call a tomato a vegetable.

5

… a lot of beetroot turns your tongue a pink colour.

6

The first soup … made from hippopotamus.

7

French fries came from Belgium but are … popular in the USA.

Co

1

A

who

2

A

use

3

A

were

4

A

so

5

A

Eat

6

A

was

7

A

a lot

B

which

C

whose

D

when

B

using

C

user

D

used

B

are

C

is

D

was

B

that

C

but

D

and

B

Eaten

C

To eat

D

Eating

B

be

C

is

D

has

B

more

C

many

D

much

en

m

ss se

1

t 99

Cross-curricular

1

Answer the questions.

1 Why is it important to choose foods with the right nutrients?

Ca

2 Where can you usually find food labels?

m

br

3 What do the colours green, orange and red mean on food labels?

ge

id

4 How much sugar is in the energy bar and what colour is used for it?

5 How is the cake different from the energy bar in terms of fat, sugar and salt?

U

Do you always know what you are eating? Are you sure?

Read the ingredients in the bar of chocolate. Can you find the surprise ingredient?

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

The surprise ingredient is

3

Read the food labels of three different food products at home.

Answer the questions.

Which one contains 1 the most sugar?

2 the most fat?

3 the most salt?

Ingredients: Cocoa butter, sugar, milk.

Contains traces of nuts.

4 Do any of the food products contain too much sugar, fat, or salt ?

4

Complete the table with food or meals that contain these ingredients.

Eggs

Seafood

100

t

Fish

A food allergy is a medical condition that causes you to have a bad reaction to something you eat. The most common food allergies and intolerances are caused by: milk, eggs, wheat, nuts, fish and seafood. Food additives can also cause allergies.

en

Nuts

Did you know?

m

Wheat

Cheese, cake, chocolate

ss se

Milk

B1 Preliminary for Schools

1

8.05

For each question, write the correct answer in each gap. Write one or two words or a number or a date or a time.

8

m

Ca

You will hear a man called Rik Price telling a group of young tourists about his work.

id

br

Farm Owner Rik Price

ge

Rik never has to wear a (1) …………… when he’s working.

Rik got some more (2) ………… about two years ago.

U

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

Rik says that today’s menu for visitors is rice, a (3) ……………… and a fruit salad.

Rik is very proud of the (4) …………….. that he recently started growing.

Co

Last year (5) ……. destroyed all of Rik’s peppers.

In next year’s ‘Small Farms’ competition, Rik will need to show how much (6) …… the farm does.

en

m

ss se

t My progress:

/6

Listening Part 3

101

B1 Preliminary for Schools

Work in groups of three: one examiner and two candidates, A and B.

Ca

Examiner

Candidate A

Candidate B

ge

id

br

m

A and B: Close your books. Listen to the examiner and speak together for 2–3 minutes.

Examiner: Ask questions to A and B.

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

What’s your favourite healthy meal? Why?

Who do you like going to restaurants with?

Do you like trying new food when you go on holiday? Why? / Why not?

What special dishes do you have in your country?

Do you prefer watching cooking shows or food documentaries on TV?

en

m

ss se

Thank you. That is the end of the test.

t

My progress: I understood and answered all the questions.

102 Speaking Part 4

I understood and answered I needed some help understanding most of the questions. the questions.

Review

1

Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns.

Fiona: What did you do last night, Martin?

Ca

Martin: Andy came to my house and we cooked pizza (1) ourselves .

Martin: Well, he ran to get a bandage, but he fell over his shoes.

Fiona: Did he hurt (3)

badly?

Martin: Yes, he did. We had to go to hospital.

Martin: Well, no, not really. When I was chopping the onion, I cut (2) on a knife.

Fiona: So you two didn’t enjoy (4) last night?

id

br

m

Fiona: That sounds fun.

Martin: Not really, no. And we're not going to cook pizza by (5) again.

Match the sentence halves.

U

2

ge

Fiona: Oh dear. What did Andy do?

A

to buy.

2 It’s too cold for him

B

to walk to the market by yourself.

3 The bike is too expensive for him

C

to repeat!

4 Is the lemon cake easy enough for him

D

to go to bed before dinner?

5 Are you really tired enough

E

to go out without a hat and scarf.

6 The joke is too silly

F

to make by himself?

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

1 You aren’t old enough

3

8

Complete the sentences with the words from the box. amazing coconut dessert fantastic

main

spicy spinach starter vegetarian

When I go out for meals, I always make sure I don’t eat too much for the (1) starter or course because I want to be able to eat ice cream for (3) . For the (2) me, it’s the best part of the meal. I went to a really nice Indian restaurant last weekend for my cake, which I had with ice mum’s 40th birthday. They made my mum a special (4) . I love coconut! cream. I’d never tried it before, but it was (5)

en

m

ss se

too. I don’t eat meat or fish so I always have The rest of the meal was (6) food. We all shared lots of dishes. My favourite was a vegetable curry. It was (7) . When we left the restaurant my brother said ‘Aynur, what's that very hot and (8) green stuff between your teeth?’ When we looked at the photos of my mum’s birthday the between my teeth. next day, there was me smiling with (9)

In pairs, answer the questions.

t

4

1 Think of something you couldn’t eat. What was the problem and what happened?

2 Do you like spicy food? Why? / Why not?

3 What aren’t you old enough to do yet?

4 What are you too big to do?

103

9

Raining cats and dogs

Ca

m

My unit goals

br

Complete for you.

id

What are your goals for this unit?

4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

2

3

U

1

ge

At the moment I know a little / some things / a lot about the weather.

List four things you want to know or do better.

How do you feel about your goals?

Co

My mission diary

Write about your dream place to live

How do you feel about your work at each stage? Write your feelings.

mission 1

mission 2

mission in action!

What did you do well in the mission?

What did you find challenging?

Learning to Learn

t

104

I can write about a memory.

I can read and understand a story about how decisions affect people.

I can write about and present my dream place to live.

en

I can describe the weather.

I can use the first and second conditional to talk about possible and unlikely situations.

I can use wish to talk about things that I want to be different.

m

Tick ✓ what you can do now.

ss se

My progress

Vocabulary 1

1

Complete the texts with weather words.

9

br

m

Ca

Michael Fish presented a f in 1987 and (5) w told people not to worry about a . The next day, the worst one for three (6) s centuries hit the South of England!

ge

id

Come to sunny Mexico in August!

With 11 hours of (1) s u n s h i n e a day, between 25 and (2) t centigrade and hardly any 34 (3) d , it’s the perfect holiday (4) s destination! Go online to download our brochure.

light gentle (11) b_ _ _ _ _ 6–11 12–19

2

4

FILE

Co

This is the Beaufort scale, which is used to measure wind speed (in kilometres per hour)

3

5

6

moderate

fresh

strong

20–28

29–38

39–49

7

near (12) g_ _ _ 50–61

8

62–74

9

strong 75–88

Complete the table with what people can and can't do in the weather conditions.

ss se

sunshine showers storm snowfall thunder lightning

Welcome to my town!

m

The weather is usually great here, but don’t worry if it rains. Here is our new ten screen cinema. All the newest films are shown here and the popcorn is delicious! It’s perfect for when there are showers.

en

In pairs, talk about your town. Say what you can do in different types of weather.

t

3

When you think of Australia, you usually think of extreme and barbecues (9) h on the beach. But in 1900, Australia had its heaviest ever . In some (10) s places it was 50 cm deep!

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Both animals and humans can suffer from astraphobia, a fear of (7) t and (8) l .

2

FACT

When it rains, you can go to …

What other weather words do you know? Make a list.

105

Language in context

1

9.01

Listen and circle the words that you don’t hear.

Ca

1 doctor problem snowy old 2 four kilometre seconds crisp

m

3 unusual dark lucky tennis

br

4 rock windy cottage mountains 5 forecast heavy thunder dangerous

ge

id

6 beach water strong huge

2 9.02

For each question, choose the correct answer.

U

5 You will hear a mum and her son talking about the weather tomorrow.

The boy thinks his mother

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

1 You will hear a brother and sister talking about their grandfather.

What do they say about him?

He’s good at making people laugh.

A

worries too much.

B

He has certain health problems.

B

needs to be careful.

C

He always behaves in the same way.

C

has the wrong information.

Co

A

2 You will hear two people talking about a storm.

How does the girl feel?

6 You will hear a brother and sister talking about a video they are watching.

They agree that the man in the video

A

unsure whether to trust her friend

B

anxious about what might happen

A

is doing something dangerous.

C

embarrassed by her lack of knowledge

B

is amusing to look at.

C

is familiar to them.

3 You will hear a girl talking to her friend about her day yesterday.

What was she upset about?

B

not feeling warm enough to go out

C

not being able to do what she’d planned

how much the weather changed

B

how friendly the local people were

C

how beautiful the landscape was What is the worst weather you’ve ever experienced? Tell your partner about it.

t

106

A

en

4 You will hear a girl telling a friend about a holiday she had in Scotland.

What surprised her about the place she went to?

m

not having the time to do everything she wanted

ss se

A

Language practice 1

9

Grammar look: review first and second conditionals

Ca

1

m

Match the sentence halves. Are the sentences possible or impossible?

Write P (possible) or I (impossible).

A you’ll find out about tomorrow’s weather.

2 I’d be happy

B we wouldn’t feel so hot.

3 If you watch the weather forecast,

C if there are showers while we’re out.

ge

id

br

1 If it rains tomorrow,

D I’ll stay at home and watch a film.

5 We’ll all get wet

E if it were a few degrees warmer!

6

F we could go skiing.

U

4 If there were some heavy snowfall,

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

If there were a light breeze,

P

Pupil’s Book 6 page 127

Choose the correct words to complete the conversation.

Co

2

David:

Hey Anna, what do you want to do today?

Anna:

I don’t know. If the weather was better, we (1) can / could go to the park to play tennis.

David:

Yeah … If it (2) will stop / stops raining later, I might ride my bike by the river.

Anna:

That’s a good idea. (3) Would / Will you call me if you decide to go out?

David:

OK. If I (4) don’t / won’t go out, I’ll just do some homework instead.

Anna:

This rain is so boring. If we didn’t live in such a cold, wet place, we (5) wouldn’t / won’t have to spend so much time at home doing nothing!

David:

That's true. But if the weather (6) isn’t / wasn’t so cold, we wouldn’t be able to have snowball fights and go ice skating on the lake in the winter.

Anna:

That’s true … I guess there are advantages too!

Complete the sentences with the first or second conditional using the verbs in brackets.

1

If the weather’s good at the weekend, I will go (go) sailing with my dad.

ss se

3

m

4 If I was rich, I (buy) a big house for my family by the beach.

5 If I could meet any famous person in the world, I (choose) a footballer!

3 I’ll be really happy if my grandparents (come) to stay in the holidays.

6 I’d celebrate if we Cup.

Complete the underlined phrases in Activity 3 with your own ideas. Compare with your partner.

(win) the World

t

4

en

2 If I don’t eat my vegetables, I (not get) any dessert.

If the weather’s good at the weekend, I’ll go hiking in the mountains.

In one minute, write down all the activities you would do if it started snowing.

107

Vocabulary 2

Look and write the complete word.

1 1

y

Ca

2 c

typical

a

6 m 7

o a

m

3

i

4 h

m

l r

8 s

m

9

d

5

br

2

Order the words from hot to cold.

10 d

e

e o

i

g

y

c y

ge

id

freezing

mild

warm

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

cool

3 9.03 Do the quiz. Answer yes or no. Then listen and check your answers.

1 The most humid places on Earth, like Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong, are furthest from the Equator.

2 Due to global warming, the mountains in the Alps aren’t as snowy now, so ski resorts are using helicopters to drop white powder that looks like snow!

108

Find three interesting weather facts and write a quiz.

Share your quiz with your partner. Can they get all of the answers right?

t

4

en

5 Antofagasta in Chile, which is the driest place on Earth, only gets 1mm of rain a year!

m

4 This is a Beluga whale. It is the only whale that stays in the Arctic when the icy water freezes.

ss se

3 The wettest place on Earth is Mawsynram in India. In a typical year, there is 11.87 metres of rainfall. So, imagine you have six tall basketball players and they stand on each other’s shoulders, the water would cover their heads!

Language practice 2

9

Grammar look: I wish …

Choose the correct answer.

Ca

1

4 I wish it was / is summer now.

2 Fred wishes it snowed / snows more in the winter.

5 Do you wish you are / were famous?

br

m

1 I wish you went / go to the same school as me.

6 My dad wishes he could / can speak another language.

Complete the poem with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Co

I wish I (1) (be) a bird was and I knew how to fly. (spend) my I wish I (2) days up high in the sky I wish I was a fish so wild and so free. (live) among I wish I (3) corals under the sea.

Speaking

Wishes

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

2

ge

id

3 Lola wishes she knows / knew the answer to the question.

I wish I was a rose in a flower bed. There are so many things I wish I (have) petals (6) (can be).

I wish I (4) of bright pink or bright red.

But in the end, I’m just happy to be I wish I was a mountain, so strong me! and so proud. (can reach) I wish I (5) up into the clouds.

3 9.04 Listen to Yuna and Hugo doing Parts 3 and 4 of a Speaking test. Tick ✓ the pictures they talk about in Part 3 and the questions they answer in Part 4.

A

D

K Do you prefer to spend your free time with your friends or with your family?

I What do you like doing on a rainy day?

Find and underline the rhyming words in the poem.

Write down other words that rhyme with them.

2 ... everyone likes going to ? the cinema, 3 They would all like that, ?

5

Plan your answers to Part 4. Discuss with your partner.

t

F

H Do you think young people spend too much time inside?

?

en

C

E

1 It looks fun,

m

B

J Is it important to see other people in your free time?

ss se

✓

G What is there for tourists to do in your town?

4 9.05 Complete the question tags and then listen again to check.

Pronunciation Tip!

Try to make your voice go down at the end of a question tag.

This looks interesting, doesn’t it?

109

Skills practice

Put the pictures in order.

1 A

C

B

ge

id

br

m

Ca As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U F

E

D

Co

1

The three friends wanted to enter the …

In pairs, tell the story from the pictures.

3

Read the story again and complete the sentences.

1 At first, Mitzi wanted to take

.

photos of people working.

2 In the end, they all decided

.

3 On Friday, James checked

.

4 Kevin didn’t think they should

. .

6 An hour after they started climbing, the weather

.

7 They had to climb up to the top of the hill to use 8 The police sent 9 Mitzi took a photo of the helicopter and her

110

. . .

t

5 When they reached the hills, they saw

en

m

ss se

2

9

For each question, choose the correct answer. Mitzi, James and Kevin are looking for new after-school activities. Below there are six descriptions of after-school clubs. Decide which club would be the most suitable for each person.

1

Ca

2

m

1 James enjoys

ge

id

br

being out in the fresh air and he loves nature. He’s interested in joining a group of young people who like being outdoors, too. He’s keen on being active.

3 Kevin loves

being out and about on his bicycle.

He dreams of being a competitive cyclist one day and would love to train to be the best. He loves being a member of a team and he loves winning!

Co

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p

U

Mitzi loves being in the water so she’d like to find somewhere she can swim. She is not very competitive and is not interested in getting onto a team. She’s also keen to meet new people and have fun.

C Keep Active

This is the ideal place to increase your knowledge of local flora and fauna! We have daily talks and seminars from experts in the field. Once a month, we organize a walk out into the countryside, so you can test your new knowledge.

This club gives young people the opportunity to be great cyclists. Learn all the best techniques from other members and share your rides with them. It’s all great fun!

We have a gym to help you get fit!

This is the club to join if you love sports. We have cycling, tennis, soccer, volleyball, windsurfing and swimming.

We organize competitions in all our sports. Try out for the different teams and meet our expert coaches.

D Youth Club

E All Sports

F Out And About

What are your favorite sports?

Cycling, soccer, table tennis, basketball?

This club is perfect for those who love the outdoors. We organize day-long walks out in the hills and enjoy nature.

Meet people of your age with the same interests, and keep fit!

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This is a club where you can watch your favorite sports on the large screen. We also have a variety of video games with the theme of sports. Enjoy our social programme which includes parties and dancing.

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This is a great club for youngsters who enjoy sports like tennis, soccer and swimming, but are also interested in meeting people of their own age and in enjoying social activities like a once-a-week disco.

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B Free-Wheeling

A Nature Trail

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Cross-curricular

Read the text about tornadoes.

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Tornadoes form over land. They form when air masses with a big temperature difference meet. The colder air pushes up the warm air very quickly and this causes the air to start spinning. It forms a dark spinning column that can travel across the land at 800 kilometres per hour. Tornadoes are sometimes called twisters because of the way they move. They look like big, black thunderclouds with a tail but they are much more dangerous than a thunder storm. When the tornado touches the ground, it can destroy everything in its path. It can pull up trees and throw buildings up into the air. It is like an enormous vacuum cleaner! Tornadoes are also very noisy. When they hit the ground, the noise can be as loud as a jumbo jet. Although tornadoes are very dangerous, some people chase them in their cars and try to drive through them for fun. They are called Tornado Chasers.

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Complete the chart about tornadoes.

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Where do they form?

Why do they form?

How fast can they move?

What are their consequences?

Why do some people go into them?

Find out information about a recent hurricane.

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1 What was its name?

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2 When did it happen?

3 Which country/countries did it affect?

4 How many days did it last?

What might people need after a disaster? Discuss in pairs. Use the ideas below.

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Health

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Water

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Clothing

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Housing

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Food

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Energy

People will need a place to stay and to be safe if they have lost their houses. They will also need …

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5 What were the consequences of this hurricane?

B1 Preliminary for Schools

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Read this email from your English-speaking friend Freya and the notes you have made.

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To: From:

Freya

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Hi,

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You’ll never believe it! I’ve won two tickets to attend the skiing championships on Saturday! Would you like to go with my family and me?

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The event starts at 10 a.m., so we’ll need to leave quite early. Can you get to my house by 8 a.m. or do you want us to pick you up on the way to the ski resort?

After the ski event, we can try a winter sport! What would you like to do?

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We’re going to be outside most of the day, so don’t forget to wear really warm clothes. I’ve got lots of winter clothes. Do you need to borrow anything?

Yes, please Say which you prefer Suggest and say why

See you!

Freya

Thanks, but ...

Write your email to Freya in about 100 words, using all the notes.

To: From:

Freya

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/5

Writing Part 1

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B1 Preliminary for Schools

Work in groups of three: one examiner and two candidates, A and B.

Examiner

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A and B: Close your books. Listen to the examiner. Then speak together for 2–3 minutes.

Examiner: Read and then listen to A and B speak. Use a timer.

Candidate A

Candidate B

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Now, in this part of the test you’re going to talk about something together for about two minutes. I’m going to describe a situation to you.

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U Show A and B the photos.

Thank you. (Can I have the booklet please?)

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Listen to candidates speaking for two minutes.

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A teacher is talking to her students about a possible place for their school party. Here are some places they could go to. Talk together about the different places they could go to, and say which would be best. All right? Now, talk together.

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My progress: I understood and answered all the questions.

114 Speaking Part 3

I understood and answered I needed some help understanding most of the questions. the questions.

Review

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The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Rewrite the sentences with the correct word.

1 When there’s weather forecast, we always go to the seaside.

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Order the words to make sentences.

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1 a horn. / dog / I would / if my / amazed / be / grew I would be amazed if my dog grew a horn.

2 You shouldn’t stand under a tree when there’s sunshine and lightning.

3 I watched the thunder last night and it wasn’t good news for tomorrow.

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4 It isn’t hot and mild here, it’s just dry.

3 is / tomorrow. / correct, / the forecast / If / be snow / there’ll

5 Unfortunately, this is humid winter weather for Scotland.

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2 her feet / wears / If / get wet. / she / will / flip-flops, /

4 to / we could / If / walk / it wasn’t/ so icy, / the park.

6 It isn’t too hot and it isn’t too cold. It’s nice and typical at this time of year.

5 ill? / these strawberries, / we get / If we / will / eat 6 thunderstorm? / What would / a / were / you do / outside during / if you

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Read the sentences. Write the wishes.

2 You’re hungry and you don’t have anything to eat.

3 Your friend has a new pet and you want one too.

4 These sweets are sugar-free. Yuck!

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4 Carolina doesn’t know how to play piano.

Carolina

1 Your train is an hour late and it’s raining.

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3 Lucy doesn’t have any headphones.

Lucy

Look at the situations. What do you wish? Write sentences.

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1 My mum and dad are in Berlin.

I wish my mum and dad weren’t in Berlin.

2 James isn’t good at tennis.

James

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5 We don’t live in a tent.

I 6 I can’t sing well.

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Review

Units 7–9

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1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

4 Daniel and Sara said that their starters were / are disappointing.

2 I wouldn’t ask my sister to cut my hair if she hasn't been / wasn’t a hairdresser.

5 Carl wasn’t good enough for / enough to win the competition.

3 Georgia hurt her / herself when she fell on the ice.

6 I wish I was / am a scientist.

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1 Beth asked Taylor if she was / had been American.

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2 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

1 They asked me if I of them.

would

2 I enjoyed weekend, Tomas.

at your party last

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take a photo

3 The reporter asked the film star she was going to next.

4 Ben wishes he have a broken leg.

He wants to play football.

Find the mistake in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences correctly.

1 You complained about that restaurant lots of times before.

You have complained about that restaurant lots of times before.

2 Camila asked me how old was I.

3 What a shame! If you had your racket, we can play tennis today.

4 If you’ll speak to the detective, he’ll ask you lots of questions.

5 I told Hannah if she was on the basketball team.

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2 The girls in my class were because they didn’t want anyone to hear.

4 There was ten centimetres of last night. Lots of the schools where I live are closed today.

are long and green.

They’re full of water and are good in salads.

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1 It was very this morning icy and I slipped and fell on the pavement.

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Complete the sentences with the correct words.

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6 I wish my mum doesn’t have to work on Christmas Day.

Writing

Look at the notice below. Think about your article.

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Awesome restaurants

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Articles wanted!

What makes an awesome restaurant?

How important is it to have a choice of healthy food on the menu?

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Is it the type of food, the staff, the decoration – or all of these things?

Tell us what you think!

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U Read Lei’s article. Then find five expressions used to express opinions or give examples.

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For me, an awesome restaurant is one that gives a warm welcome to everyone in the family.

The waiters should be friendly to everyone, I also like it when they’re funny. In my opinion, a restaurant doesn’t need to have lots of types of dishes on the menu. For example, you can’t expect paella in a Chinese restaurant even if it is your favourite meal, but the food should be delicious. As for the atmosphere, it’s important that everyone’s having fun. In my view, it’s good if there’s a choice of healthy food on the menu, but I eat healthy food at home every day, so I don’t think it matters eating things like cake and ice cream instead of fruit occasionally.

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Now answer the question in Activity 1. Write your article in about 100 words.

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Exam Tip! You must give good examples to persuade the reader to agree with you.

Writing practice

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AB Acknowledgements The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.

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Dedications We would like to thank all the people involved in this project. In particular, we wish to thank the team at Cambridge for pushing this new edition forward and for their hard work bringing it all together.

For Lydia and Silvia, “my precious girls”, with much love. – CN For Javier, María José and Laura. It’s a privilege to have you as friends. – MT

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Key: U = Unit

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Photography All the photographs are sourced from Getty Images: U1: KryssiaCampos/Moment; EdnaM/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; AndyL/E+; Fruit_Cocktail/iStock/ GettyImagesPlus; bonetta/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; bonetta/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; bonetta/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; NayanbaJadeja/DigitalVisionVectors; CompassionateEyeFoundation/DigitalVision; CompassionateEyeFoundation/DigitalVision; CompassionateEyeFoundation/DigitalVision; DebajyotiChakraborty/NurPhoto; PenskeMedia; ChiccoDodiFC/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; PakinSongmor/Moment; Fuse/Corbis; DavidArky; tombaky/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; Difydave/E+; LucTEBOUL/Moment; Studio-Annika/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; TommL/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; StoykoSabotanov/ iStock/GettyImagesPlus; ArturKozlov/Moment; PeterZeleiImages/MomentOpen; stevecoleimages/E+; SerhiiPrystupa/Moment; TimMacpherson/Stone; benstevens/E+; KirillRudenko/Moment; supersizer/E+; U2: AndriyOnufriyenko/Moment; GavinRoberts/MacFormatMagazine/FuturePublishing; JosephBranston/MacFormatMagazine/Future; TetraImages; rrocio/E+; mauro_grigollo/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; NeilGodwin/PCFormatMagazine/Future; SBenitez/Moment; Smitt/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; JamesONeil/DigitalVision; HughWhitaker/ConnectImages; South_agency/E+; DanielLlaoCalvet/Moment; damedeeso/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; SolStock/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; kali9/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; luanateutzi/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; mixetto/ E+; CarlosBarquero/Moment; MesquitaFMS/E+; ChuckSavage/Corbis; Zhenikeyev/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; Ljupco/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; LucidSurf/ iStock/GettyImagesPlus; U3: NIKONCORPORATION/MomentRF; CavanImages/Cavan; master1305/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; DavidPuu/TheImageBank; FGTrade/E+; SDIProductions/E+; GlobalStock/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; monkeybusinessimages/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; Grafner/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; PeterDazeley/TheImageBank; AdrianPeacock/Photodisc; Poltushyamal/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; YURICORTEZ/AFP; ArturWidak/NurPhoto; JasonAlden/Bloomberg; OLIVIERMORIN/AFP; skynesher/E+; AFP/Stringe; Lisa5201/E+; DEA/DDAGLIORTI; sot/Photodisc; wundervisuals/E+; Westend61; SeventyFour/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; RobertDaly/OJOImages; FatCamera/E+; adoc-photos/CorbisHistorical; fstop123/E+; JGI/JamieGrill; GarethBrown/ TheImageBank; maxsol7/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; U4: TetraImages; kaisersosa67/Vetta; LightFieldStudios/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; DobrilaVignjevic/ E+; CourtneyHale/E+; PeterCade/TheImageBank; Jbryson/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; Jbryson/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; PeopleImages/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; OJOImages/RobertDaly/Photolibrary; BlendImages-JohnLund/SamDiephuis/BrandXPictures; bluejeanimages; RonLevine/DigitalVision; Bettmann; CSAImages; Bettmann; ljubaphoto/E+; U5: MEDITERRANEAN/E+; MartinBarraud/OJOImages; Sanny11/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; kali9/E+; AleksandarReba/EyeEm; MirageC/Moment; RobertoMachadoNoa/LightRocket; RaymondBoyd/MichaelOchsArchives; marilyna/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; ElenaNoviello/Moment; MRMACKER/Moment; CarolYepes/Moment; thipjang/Moment; Westend61; DragonImages/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; Maskot; U6: narvikk/E+; AdamCrowley/Tetraimages; RomanBabakin/iStockEditorial/GettyImagesPlus; Dan77/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; JohnerImages/JohnerImagesRoyalty-Free; DuKaiphotographer/Moment; RollingEarth/E+; blightylad-infocus/iStockEditorial/GettyImagesPlus; Westend61; ConnectImages; terex/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; lechatnoir/E+; AliMajdfar/Moment; Posnov/Moment; GaryJohnNorman/ImageSource; Godong/UniversalImagesGroup; HermesImages/AGF/UniversalImagesGroup; SusanMadsen/EyeEm; TimMelling/Moment; AlanTunnicliffePhotography/Moment; DavidA.Northcott/CorbisDocumentary; shikheigoh/RooM; MartynLarge/500px; MoMoProductions/DigitalVision; wanderluster/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; IlhamDi/EyeEm; Westend61; U7 PhotosbyRAKearton/Moment; MBPhotography/Moment; SDIProductions/E+; VichoT/E+; AnthonyBrawleyPhotography/Moment; ClareMansell/ Moment; DanBrownsword/Cultura; ruizluquepaz/E+; 10000Hours/DigitalVision; AnadoluAgency; Flashpop/Taxi; TrevorWilliams/DigitalVision; SeanAnthonyEddy/E+; Satoshi-K/E+; DrsProducoes/E+; PeterDazeley/TheImageBank; mrs/Moment; JamieGrill; Sergeeva/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; MarenCaruso/ Photodisc; JillFromer/Photodisc; DickyAlgofari/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; leezsnow/E+; DronG/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; U8: YelenaRodriguezMena/E+; BrionyCampbell/DigitalVision; OlegAlbinsky/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; shomosuddin/Moment; PaulHayward/iStockEditorial/GettyImagesPlus; syolacan/ iStock/GettyImagesPlus; AymanAljammaz/Moment; KevinDodge/BlendImages; TonyLatham/Photodisc; CreativeCrop/DigitalVision; GarySandyWales/ iStockUnreleased; Maremagnum/TheImageBankUnreleased; MarioGuti/E+; Juanmonino/E+; DavidCrespo/MomentOpen; duncan1890/DigitalVisionVectors; lushik/DigitalVisionVectors; Photos.com/PHOTOS.com/GettyImagesPlus; YunaidiJoepoet/Moment; AprilMaley/EyeEm; Vostok/Moment; DavidEspejo/Moment; TayRees/TheImageBank; HeroImages; Yuri_Arcurs/DigitalVision; D.Corson/ClassicStock/ArchivePhotos; JadeAlbertStudioInc./DigitalVision; U9: VladSerbanescu/500px; JohnerImages; Glowimages; AlisonWright/TheImageBankUnreleased; RobertHolmgren/Photolibrary; JackTaylor/GettyImagesNews; ninjaMonkeyStudio/E+; RomillyLockyer/PhotographersChoice; DanKitwood/GettyImagesNews; AksanaYasiucheia/iStock/GettyImagesPlus; SerhiiPrystupa/Moment; ParkerDeen/E+; MikeWindle/GettyImagesEntertainment; RobertDaly/OJOImages; franckreporter/E+; drmakkoy/DigitalVisionVectors; paulmansfieldphotography/Moment; ChristophHetzmannseder/Moment; JTSiemer/Moment; PhotoAlto/OdilonDimier/PhotoAltoAgencyRFCollections; AhmedMohamed/EyeEm; PhynartStudio/E+; mjrodafotografia/Moment; Milko/E+; GuidoMieth/Stone; PeteArk/Moment; lineartestpilot/iStock/ GettyImagesPlus; MorsaImages/E+;

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Cover illustrations and photography: gradyreese/Getty Images.

Video: Video production by Phaebus Limited, Creative Listening Audio: Audio recordings and composition by Sonica Studios Typesetting: Typeset by The Content Station Additional writers: Julieta Hernández Rodríguez, Maggi Riach, Angela Llanas, Garan Holcombe, Kim Milne, Caroline Swettenham, Michael Smith

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Illustrations: Alan Brown; Andrew Painter; Collaborate Agency; Darren Gates; Eric Smith; Hannah Wood; Isobel Munoz; Jaun B Jaun Oliver; Jo Blake; Michael Buxton; Pedro Rodriguez; Rayanne Viera; William Alvarez.

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