Language summary
Ca
Key language
Character names: Mr Star, Mrs Star, Stella, Simon, Suzy, Marie, Maskman, Monty, Meera
m
1
Key vocabulary
br
Hello! page 4
School: book, chair, eraser, pen, pencil, table
Co
3
page 18
4
My family page 24
Question words: Who’s that? That’s (Alex). How old is he/she? He’s/She’s (seven). Is he/she … ? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn’t. How are you? I’m fine, thank you.
Initial letter sounds: ‘p’ and ‘b’ (pen and bag)
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
Character names: Alex, Lenny
Marie’s art: What happens when you mix colours?
Favourite toys
Initial letter sound: ‘r’ (red)
Colours: blue, green, pink, purple, red, orange, yellow, rainbow
U
page 10
Greetings: Hello. Goodbye. Question words: What’s your name? I’m (Stella). How old are you? I’m (five).
Numbers: 1–10
ge
id 2
My school
Sounds and spelling
Toys: ball, bike, car, computer, doll, drum, train Colours: black, brown, grey, white
page 16 Trevor’s values: Make friends
page 17
Question words: What’s your favourite toy? My favourite toy’s my (drum).
Initial letter sounds: ‘t’ and ‘d’ (toy, doll)
Prepositions of place: in, next to, on, under Where’s your (ball)? It’s (under) the (table). Is (the ball on the chair)? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Family: brother, sister, father, mother, grandfather, grandmother
Marie’s science: Which planets are near Earth?
Adjectives: beautiful, happy, sad, old, young
Short vowel sound: ‘a’ (hat)
He’s/She’s (happy). We’re (young).
page 30 Trevor’s values: Be kind
page 31
Review: units 1, 2, 3 and 4 page 32
Animals: bird, cat, dog, fish, horse, mouse
It’s (long). They’re (dirty).
page 34
My face
2
page 46 Trevor’s values: Look after pets
Consonant sounds: ‘t’ and ‘th’ (tooth, three)
page 47
t
Marie’s science: How do we use our senses?
Have got for possession: Have you got (big ears)? Yes, I have. No I haven’t. I’ve got (black hair).
en
page 40
The body and face: ears, eyes, face, hair, head, knees, mouth, nose, shoulders, toes, tooth/teeth
Short vowel sound: ‘e’ (hen)
m
6
Adjectives: big, small, clean, dirty, long, short
ss se
5
Our pets
Ca
Animals: bear, crocodile, elephant, giraffe, hippo, monkey, snake, tiger
m
7
Key vocabulary
br
Wild animals page 48
My clothes
Sounds and spelling
Have got for possession: They’ve got (short legs). They haven’t got (big heads). Let’s do (the crocodile smile).
Short vowel sound: ‘i’ (river)
Have got for possession: He’s/She’s got (a blue cap). He/She hasn’t got (red shorts). Has he/she got (a purple ball)?
Consonant sounds: ‘s’ and ‘sh’ (spider, shoe)
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
page 54
Clothes: cap, jacket, shoes, shorts, skirt, socks, trousers, T-shirt
ge
id
8
The body and face: arm, foot/feet, hand, leg, tail
Key language
Marie’s geography: Where do animals live?
page 60 Trevor’s values: Love nature
page 61
Review: units 5, 6, 7 and 8 page 62
page 64
10
At the funfair page 70
Co
9
Fun time!
Sports and leisure: play basketball, play football, play tennis, play the guitar/piano, ride a bike, swim, sing
Can for ability: I/You can/can’t (swim). He/She can/can’t (sing). Can you/he/she (play football)?
Long vowel sound: ‘ay’, ‘ai’ and ‘ey’ (day, snail, grey)
Transport: boat, bus, helicopter, lorry, motorbike, plane
Present continuous (not with future reference): What are you doing? I’m (riding a bike). Are you (driving a car)? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Consonant sound: ‘ng’ (singing)
Marie’s geography: How do we travel?
12
Party time!
Page 78
The home: bathroom, bedroom, dining room, hall, kitchen, living room
Present continuous (not with future reference): What’s he/she doing? He’s/She’s (drawing a picture).
Food: apple, banana, burger, cake, chocolate, fish, ice cream
Present simple: I like (apples). I don’t like (cake). Do you like (fish)? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Review: units 9, 10, 11 and 12 page 92
page 90 Trevor’s values: Keep clean page 91 Grammar reference
page 94
en
Marie’s science: How do we grow fruit?
Review of sounds: r/b/p/d/t/a/e/ th / i / sh / s / ng / m
m
Page 84
Initial letter sound: ‘m’ (mouse)
ss se
11
Our house
page 76 Trevor’s values: Work together page 77
t
Pre A1 Starters exam folder page 98 Listening Parts 1 and 4 Reading and Writing Parts 2 and 3
Speaking Parts 1 and 2
3
Hel lo!
1
2–3
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Mr Star
Co Mrs Star
Simon
Suzy
Stella
en
m
ss se
t
2 4
Point and say the name.
Stella
Vocabulary presentation 1: character names | Language presentation 1: greetings and question words
1
4
1
Listen and do the actions. Marie
m
Ca
Maskman
ge
id
br
Monty
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2
5
Listen and say the chant.
en
m
ss se
t Vocabulary presentation 2: numbers 1–10 | Language practice 1: greetings and question words
5
1
Listen and point.
6
Ca ge
id
br
m
How old are you?
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Meera
Co 7
Listen and repeat.
en
m
ss se
2
I’m three.
t
6
Vocabulary practice 2: numbers 1–10 | Language presentation and practice 2: question words
1
1
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
8–9
Ca ge
id
br
m
Red and yellow and and green. . Orange and purple and . I can sing a
4
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
1
3
6
2
7
ss se
5
en
m
t
2
10
Listen and say the colour. Vocabulary presentation and practice 3: colours
7
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
11
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
A red robot on a rainbow.
2
Look, find and count. Red birds.
Six!
en
m
ss se ed 8
Sounds and spelling: r
t
Write it with me!
1
1
Watch the video.
12
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
Co
5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
9
My sc hool
1
13–14
ge
chair
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
id
br
m
Ca
2
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U table
eraser
pen
en
m
ss se
pencil
book
t
2 10
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: school
Pen.
It’s blue.
1
15
2
Listen and say the chant.
Ca
A
,a ,a
,a
,
. Say it again!
ge
id
br
m
A
, an
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 7 8 9
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
4 5 6
en
m
ss se
16
t
2
Listen and correct. Four purple chairs.
No. Six orange chairs. Vocabulary practice: school
11
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
17–18
ge
id
br
m
Ca As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
That’s Meera. She’s eight.
Who’s that?
m
ss se en
Lenny
2 12
Point, ask and answer.
Meera.
Alex
She’s eight.
Language presentation and practice 1: question words Who’s that? That’s (Lenny). How old is he/she? He’s/She’s (seven).
t
Who’s that?
1
19–20
2
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
Star, Star, how are you? I’m fine, thank you. I’m fine, thank you. How are you?
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
Make the puppets. Language presentation and practice 2: greetings How are you? I’m fine, thank you.
13
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
21
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Put the pizza in the purple bag.
2
Look, point and say.
Seven pink books.
14
Sounds and spelling: p and b
izza
t
ag
en
m
ss se Write it with me!
1
2
Watch the video.
22
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
Co
5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
15
M a rie’s a r t
What happens when you mix colours?
Ca
Listen and look. Say the colours.
23
ge
id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
Primary colours
+
U
+
=
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
=
=
Co
Secondary colours
+
Look, say and tick.
1
+
=
2
+
=
3
+
=
4
+
=
✓
t
Red is the first colour a baby can see.
en
m
ss se
3
Fact 16
Art: mix colours |
critical thinking
Make a colour wheel.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Make friends
Ca
Listen and point.
24
br
m
1
1
2
ge
id Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 3
4
en
m
ss se
t
2
25
Listen and say the number. Act it out. Language: Are you OK? Come on! Let’s play! |
emotional development
17
Favou rite toy s
1
26–27
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
3
drum
Co
computer
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
doll
car
ball
ss se
bike
en
m
2 18
Ask and answer.
Vocabulary presentation: toys
t
train
What’s this?
It’s a car.
1
28
3
Listen and say the chant.
Ca m
Black, brown, white, grey. Look, listen, point and say.
ge
id
br
6 5
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 3
2
4
m
ss se en
1
t
2
29
Listen and say the number. Vocabulary presentation and practice: toys and colours
19
1
Listen and do the actions. Listen and repeat.
30–31
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
Is your ball in your bag?
ss se
No, it isn’t, Dad.
en
m
t
2 20
Ask and answer.
Where’s your pencil?
It’s on the table.
Language presentation and practice: prepositions of place It’s in / on / under / next to (the table).
1
32–33
3
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
Ca
Monty? Is he in the …
?
ge
id
br
m
Is he under the …
?
Is he next to the
?
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
Ask and answer. Is Monty under the chair?
No, he isn’t.
Language presentation and practice: prepositions of place Is (Monty) in / on / under / next to the (table)?
21
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
34
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U A doll, a drum and a teddy on a train. Drive under two tables!
2 1
Look and say.
A train on the table.
Number one.
ss se
2
4
en
m Write it with me! able 22
Sounds and spelling: t and d
rum
t
3
1
3
Watch the video.
35
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
3
5
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
36
Listen and say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Story: unit language in context
23
My fami ly
1
37–38
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
4
U
grandmother
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
grandfather
brother
m
ss se
mother
sister
en
father
t
2 24
Point and say.
Vocabulary presentation: family
Who’s this? Grandmother!
1
39
4
Listen and say the number.
1
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 4
3
Co
5
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
40
Look, listen and say. Vocabulary practice: family
25
1
Listen and point. Listen and do the actions.
41–42
ge
id
br
m
Ca U
sad
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
ugly
old
2 26
Play and say.
Language presentation 1: adjectives She’s (young).
t
young
en
beautiful
m
ss se
happy
You’re happy!
Yes!
1
43–44
4
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
br
m
Ca
He’s my
. She’s my
She’s my
. And he’s my
. .
ge
id
We are family.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
45
Listen and say the chant. Language practice 1: adjectives She’s / He’s (happy).
27
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
46
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U A sad cat on a mat. A happy cat in a black hat.
2
Play and say.
He’s happy. He’s next to a hat.
Grandfather!
en
m
ss se h 28
Sounds and spelling: a
t
t
Write it with me!
1
4
Watch the video.
47
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
3
5
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
48
Listen and say the number. Story: unit language in context
29
M a rie’s sc ie n c e
Which planets are near Earth?
Ca
Listen, point and say.
49
id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
Earth
Jupiter
ge
Mercury
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
The Sun
Venus
3
Uranus
Mars
Saturn
Neptune
Colour and say.
Earth
Neptune
en
m
ss se
Mars
t
Earth has got one moon. . Jupiter has got 79 moons
Fact 30
Science: planets and Earth |
collaboration
Make a planet.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Be kind
Ca
Listen and write the number.
50
ge
id
br
m
1
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
51
Listen again and act it out. Language: Here you are. Thanks. I’m sorry. That’s OK. |
emotional development
31
Units 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ca
1
52
Listen and say the number. 2
3
ge
id
br
m
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 5
6
Co
4
8
9
7
10
Review: units 1, 2, 3 and 4
t
Say and guess. It’s pink. It’s in a bag.
32
en
m
ss se
2
Number four.
Ca
3
53
Listen and colour. Make a spinner.
m
2
5
ge
id
br
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
4
Co 4 1
3
5
6
en
m
2
ss se
4
Play the game.
t Review: units 1, 2, 3 and 4
33
O u r pets
1
54–55
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
5
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
horse
fish
bird
en
m
dog
mouse
ss se
cat
t
2 34
Say and guess.
Vocabulary presentation: animals
Suzy.
It’s a dog.
1
56
5
Listen and say the chant.
Ca
ge
id
br
m
My horse is beautiful. My dog is too. My fish is ugly. My bird is blue.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
57
Listen and say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Vocabulary practice: animals | Language presentation: adjectives They’re (black).
35
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
58–59
ge
id
br
m
Ca As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
dirty clean
Co
small
ss se long
en
m
big
t short
2 36
Ask and answer.
What’s long and grey?
Language presentation: adjectives It’s (clean). They’re (dirty).
The pencil.
1
60
5
Listen and do the actions.
Ca
It’s a
, and this is my . It’s a
.
.
ge
id
br
m
My name’s
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
61–62
Listen and sing. Do karaoke. Language practice: adjectives It’s a (clean cat).
37
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
63
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Ten red pet hens next to a nest!
2
Ask and answer.
Where’s the pink hen?
It’s on the dog.
en
m
ss se h 38
Sounds and spelling: e
n
t
Write it with me!
1
5
Watch the video.
64
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
Co
5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
39
My face
1
65–66
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
id
br
m
Ca
6
ge
hair
ear
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
face
eye
nose
Co
mouth
teeth
en
m
ss se
t
2 40
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: the face
Nose.
1
67
Listen and say the chant.
Head, shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes.
m
Ca
2
3
4
ge
id
br
1
6
Co
2
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
5
6
68
7
8
Listen and correct.
ss se
I’m a boy monster.
m en
No. You’re a girl monster.
t Vocabulary practice: the body and face
41
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
69–70
ge
id
br
m
Ca As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
Have you got a small mouth?
Co
No, I haven’t. I’ve got a big mouth.
I’ve got long, green hair.
en
m
ss se
t
2
Play and say.
I’ve got purple eyes.
No!
I’ve got brown eyes. 42
Language presentation 1: have got for possession Have you got (a small mouth)? I’ve got (pink hair).
Yes!
1
6
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
71–72
Ca
I’ve got
hair, and my
m
I’ve got a blue
, and a
are red. head.
ge
id
br Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2
Draw and colour. Say, listen and draw.
ss se en
m
I’m a very ugly monster. I’ve got three eyes.
t Language practice 1: have got for possession I’ve got (a purple head).
43
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
73
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U One tooth, two teeth, three teeth in Mrs Monster’s mouth.
2
Say and guess.
Monster four!
I’ve got three small teeth. 1
2
3
4
44
Sounds and spelling: t and th
wo
3
t
2
en
m
ss se Write it with me!
ree
1
6
Watch the video.
74
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
3
5
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
75
Listen and say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Story: unit language in context
45
M a rie’s sc ie n c e
How do we use our senses?
Ca
Listen and point.
76
ge
id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
Point and say.
I see with my eyes.
en
m
ss se
Eyes.
t
We taste with our mouth. A butter fly tastes with its feet!
Fact 46
Science: the senses |
learning to learn
Use your senses!
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Look after pets
Ca
77
Listen and say the number.
br
m
1
1
2
ge
id Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 3
4
en
m
ss se
Do the actions. Guess. You feed your fish.
t
2
Yes, that’s right!
Language: brush, feed, walk and wash pets |
social responsibilities
47
Wi ld an i mals
1
78–79
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
id
br
m
Ca
7
ge
bear
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U giraffe
crocodile
elephant
snake
monkey
en
m
ss se
2 48
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: animals
It’s big and grey.
tiger
It’s an elephant!
t
hippo
1
80
7
Listen and say the chant. Do the actions.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
Tiger, elephant, hippo, snake, Giraffe, bear and crocodile.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
81
Listen and point. Answer. Vocabulary practice: animals
49
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
82–83
Ca br
m
hand
ge
id
leg
Co
feet
arm
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
foot
tail
en
m
ss se
t
2
Play and say.
They’ve got big heads and small ears. Hippos.
50
Language presentation and practice 1: have got for possession They’ve got (short legs). They haven’t got (big heads).
1
84–85
7
Listen and sing. Do karaoke. show. Let’s all do the
dance.
Let’s all do the
smile. Let’s all do the
laugh!
ge
id
br
m
Ca
Let’s all do the
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
Act it out and say. What am I?
You’re an elephant.
Language presentation and practice 2: Let’s do (the crocodile smile).
51
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
86
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Six little pink hippos in the river. He’s the big hippo king.
2
Ask and answer. Guess.
It’s got a long tail.
A tiger.
en
m
ss se l h 52
Sounds and spelling: i
ttle ppo
t
Write it with me!
1
7
Watch the video.
87
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
Co
5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
53
My c lothes
1
88–89
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
8
cap
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U skirt
T-shirt
jacket
socks
shoes
en
m
shorts
ss se
trousers
t
2 54
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: clothes
Trousers.
They’re grey.
1
90
8
Listen and say the chant.
Ca ge
id
br
m
I’ve got blue trousers, And a green T-shirt. I’ve got a brown jacket, And a purple skirt.
U
1
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
3
4
2
en
m
ss se
t
2
91
Listen and say the number. Vocabulary practice: clothes
55
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
92–93
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Has Simon got my red trousers?
en
m
ss se
t
2 56
Say and guess.
She’s got white shoes. She hasn’t got blue trousers.
Joana!
Language presentation 1: have got for possession Have you/Has he/she got (my blue T-shirt)? He/She hasn’t got (red shorts).
1
94
8
Listen and correct. in his hands, a
in his hands.
She’s got a
in her hands, a
in her hands.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
He’s got a
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
95–96
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
Language practice 1: have got for possession She’s got (an orange book). He hasn’t got (a train).
57
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
97
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Six snakes in T-shirts.
2
Seven sheep in socks and shoes.
Say and guess.
They’ve got red T-shirts.
Monkeys!
en
m
ss se ix 58
Sounds and spelling: s and sh
oes
t
Write it with me!
1
8
Watch the video.
98
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
2
4
3
5
en
m
ss se
t
2
99
Listen and say the number. Story: unit language in context
59
M a rie’s geo g ra p h y Where do animals live?
Ca
Listen and match. Write the number. 100
ge
id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
Co
3
U
1 lion 2 penguin 3 fox 4 polar bear 5 snail 6 bug 7 zebra
1
Look, say and guess. garden
A bug.
It lives in the garden.
polar region
savannah
en
m
ss se
t
al The biggest land mamm es is the elephant and it liv in the savannah.
Fact 60
Geography: animal habitats |
critical thinking
Make a bird house.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Love nature
Ca
101
Listen and write the number.
ge
id
br
m
1
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
Mime and guess.
Plant a tree.
Yes!
Language: Let’s plant a tree. Let’s recycle. |
social responsibilities
61
Units 5, 6, 7 and 8
Ca
1
102
Listen and say the number.
m
2
3
4
ge
id
br
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
5
6
7
8
Co
2
Look, read and match. Say.
polar bear
2
lion
zebra
hippo
3
ss se
1
It’s a hippo.
4
en
m
t
62
Review: units 5, 6, 7 and 8
3
Play and say.
They’re eyes!
Ca ge
id
br
m
Finish
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
St art Review: units 5, 6, 7 and 8
63
Fu n ti me!
1
103–104
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
9
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U play the piano
play basketball
play the guitar
swim
play tennis
en
m
ss se
2 64
Play the game.
Vocabulary presentation: sports and leisure
t
play football
ride a bike
Simon says…play the piano.
1
105
9
Listen and answer.
Ca
Ride a
1
. Play
2
, basketball.
m
Play, play, play!
br
Now let’s
. Play
, the
.
ge
id
Play, play, play!
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 3
Co
4
5
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
106–107
Listen and sing. Do karaoke. Vocabulary practice: sports and leisure
65
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
108–109
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U I can’t sing.
I can ride a bike.
en
m
ss se
She can ride a horse.
t
2 66
Say and guess.
She can’t sing.
Language presentation 1: can for ability I/You can (swim). He/She can’t (sing).
Stella.
1
9
Listen and say the chant.
110
Ca
ge
id
br
m
I can play football, and I can drive my car. I can’t ride a bike, I can’t swim.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
Ask and answer. Can you ride a bike?
Yes, I can.
Language practice 1: can for ability Can you (play football)? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
67
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
111
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U It’s a grey day – snail can play with the train.
2
Ask and answer.
What can you do on a grey day? I can play a game.
68
Sounds and spelling: ay, ai and ey
sn
t
gr
en
m
ss se Write it with me!
1
9
Watch the video.
112
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
Co
5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
69
1
113–114
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
10 At the fu nfai r
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U plane
lorry
motorbike
boat
2 70
Ask and answer.
Vocabulary presentation: transport
Is the lorry blue?
t
bus
en
m
ss se
helicopter
No, it’s red.
1
10
Listen and say the chant. Do the actions.
115
ge
id
br
m
Ca
Helicopter, ship. Long, blue train. Motorbike, lorry. Bus and plane.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2
116
Listen and answer.
Is the red car in the shoe?
Yes, it is.
en
m
ss se
t Vocabulary practice: transport
71
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
117–118
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
What are you doing, Maskman?
I’m flying my plane.
en
m
ss se
t
2 72
Play and say.
What am I doing?
Walking!
Language presentation 1: present continuous (not with future reference) What are you doing? I’m (riding a bike).
1
10
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
119–120
Ca
I’m riding on my
.
m
.
ge
id
br
I’m flying in my
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U m
ss se Do the actions. Ask and answer.
Are you driving a car?
No, I’m not.
t
Are you driving a lorry?
en
2
Yes, I am!
Language practice 1: present continuous (not with future reference) Are you (driving a car)? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
73
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
121
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Singing a song and swinging along.
2
Jumping and clapping all day long.
Do the actions. Find and say. What am I doing?
You’re singing a song.
en
m
ss se singi 74
Sounds and spelling: ng
t
Write it with me!
1
10
Watch the video.
122
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
3
5
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
123
Listen and say the number. Story: unit language in context
75
M a rie’s geo g ra p h y How do we travel?
Ca
124
Listen and match.
1 ship
ge
id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
5 van
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2 monorail
4 scooter
3 hot air balloon
Co
3
Look and complete. Air
plane
1
helicopter scooter ship van hot air balloon monorail
Road
Rail
Water
car
train
boat
en
m
ss se
t
Some cars can travel on the water.
Fac t 76
Science: travel |
critical thinking
Design your own transport.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Work together
Ca
125
Listen and say the number.
br
m
1
1
2
ge
id Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 3
4
en
m
ss se
t
2
126
Listen and say. Act it out. Language: I can help you. Work in teams. |
social responsibility
77
1
127–128
br
m
Ca
11 O u r hou se Listen and point. Listen and repeat. bathroom
ge
id
bedroom
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U dining room
living room
hall
en
m
ss se
2 78
Ask and answer.
Vocabulary presentation: the home
t
kitchen
Who’s in the kitchen?
Stella.
1
129
11
Listen and correct. No, he isn’t. He’s in the bedroom.
130–131
Listen and answer. Say the chant.
ge
id
2
br
m
Ca
Monty’s in the bathroom.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
In the kitchen. In the dining room. On the bathroom floor. In the bedroom. In the living room. Rolling down the hall.
en
m
ss se
t
Where’s the videogame?
It’s in the living room. Vocabulary practice: the home
79
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
132–133
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U He’s drawing a picture.
What’s Simon doing?
en
m
ss se
Play and say.
Stella’s riding a bike. 80
t
2
No. She’s reading.
Language presentation 1: present continuous (not with future reference) What’s he/she doing? He’s/She’s (drawing a picture).
1
11
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
134–135
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Where’s
? In her
.
What’s she doing? She’s reading a
.
m
ss se
Ask and answer.
Where is she?
She’s reading a book.
t
What’s Stella doing?
en
2
She’s in the bedroom.
Language practice 1: present continuous (not with future reference) What’s he/she doing? He’s/She’s (playing the guitar).
81
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
136
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Monkey’s riding a motorbike in the bedroom. Mouse is swimming in the bathroom.
2
Ask and answer.
Where’s Monkey?
He’s in the bathroom.
What’s he doing?
en
m
ss se bedroo 82
Sounds and spelling: m
t
Write it with me!
1
11
Watch the video.
137
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
3
5
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
138
Listen and say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Story: unit language in context
83
1
139–140
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
12 Par ty ti me!
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
fish cake
Co
ice cream
apple
burger
m
ss se en
banana
t
2 84
chocolate
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: food
Red
Apples
1
12
Listen and say the chant.
141
ge
id
br
m
Ca
Kiwi and cake. Ice cream and chocolate.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
142
Listen and say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Vocabulary practice: food
85
1
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
143–144
Ca
I like chocolate cake.
ge
id
br
m Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U I don’t like chocolate.
Play and say.
I like apples.
I like apples and bananas.
I like apples, bananas and cake. 86
t
2
en
m
ss se
Do you like Maskman cake?
Language presentation 1: present simple Do you like (fish)? I like (apples). I don’t like (cake).
1
12
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
145–146
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U ? Yes, yes, yes!
Do you like
? Yes, yes, yes!
Do you like
? Yes, yes, yes!
m
ss se
Ask and answer.
t
Do you like apples?
en
2
Do you like
Yes, I do.
Do you like ice cream?
No, I don’t.
Language practice 1: present simple Do you like (ice cream)? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
87
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
ge
id
br
m
Ca
147
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U Co
Three purple hippos swimming along. A red snake with big teeth in a hat. Doll, robot and teddy singing a song. A boy playing with a mouse, a sheep and a cat.
2
Play and say.
Sounds and spelling review: r / b / p / d / t / a / e / th / i / sh / s / ng / m / ai
t
m
ai
sh
en
88
s
e
th
a
m
i
ng
t
p
ss se
d
b
r
1
12
Watch the video.
148
2
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1
Co
5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
4
6
en
m
ss se
t
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
89
M a rie’s sc ie n c e
How do we grow fruit?
Ca
149
Listen, point and say.
ge
id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
3
Look , complete and say. Fruit
Tree
Apples grow on trees.
Apples grow in cold places.
Ground
Hot place
✓
Cold place
✓
Science: grow fruit |
learning to learn
t
90
Fact
en
m
ss se
This is called Ugli fruit because it’s – ugly!
Grow fruit.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Keep clean
Ca
150
Listen and point.
br
m
1
1
2
ge
id Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U 3
4
en
m
ss se
t
2
151
Listen and say the chant. Do the actions.
Language: brush your teeth, wash apples, wash your hands, clean your shoes |
social responsibilities
91
Units 9, 10, 11 and 12
Ca
1
152
Listen and answer.
ge
id
br
m Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2
Read.
. I like
but I don’t like
and
and ride a
. I can
. I like
. I’m eating a
now.
,
en
or
but I don’t like
and
,
m
. I like
but I can’t play the
,
ss se
I’m Ben. I’m
t
and
92
Review: units 9, 10, 11 and 12
3
Play and say.
They’re playing basketball.
Ca
ge
id
br
m
Finish
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
Start Review: units 9, 10, 11 and 12
93
Grammar reference What’s your name?
I’m Suzy.
How old are you?
I’m three.
br
m
Ca
1
I’m = I am
ge
2
id
what’s = what is
Who’s that?
That’s Alex.
U
He’s/She’s seven.
How are you?
I’m fine, thank you.
Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
How old is he/she?
who’s = who is that’s = that is
3
Where’s your ball?
Is your ball in your bag?
he’s = he is she’s = she is
It’s next to the chair. It isn’t under the table. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
where’s = where is it’s = it is isn’t = is not He’s happy.
He isn’t ugly.
5
They’re long.
It’s dirty.
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. we’ve = we have haven’t = have not
Have you got a small mouth? I’ve = I have 94
t
I / you / we’ve got a blue nose.
en
6
m
they’re = they are
ss se
4
Ca
7
They’ve got big heads.
8
She’s got your red trousers.
He hasn’t got a blue t-shirt.
ge
id
br
m
they’ve = they have
They haven’t got long legs.
Has he got my red trousers?
I can ride a bike.
Co
9
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
hasn’t = has not
She can’t sing.
Can you chant? can’t = cannot
10
11
I’m flying.
Are you riding a bike?
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
What’s he doing? What’s she doing?
He’s drawing a picture She’s reading a book.
I like chocolate cake.
I don’t like chocolate.
Do you like apples?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
en
m
ss se
12
What are you doing?
t
don’t = do not
95
Review puzzle Units 1–12
ge id br m
Ca
Co
en
m ss se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U
t
96
ge id br m
Ca
Co
en
m ss se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U
t
97
Starters Listening Listen. Who’s at school today? Put a tick (✓) or a cross (✗) in the box.
Ca
1
153
m br
Alex
ge
id
Alice
Nick
Bill
Lucy
Grace
Sam
Kim
Tom
Listen and draw lines. There is one example.
Co
154
May
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2
✗ ✓
Alex
Sam
Alice
Matt
en
m
ss se
t
Kim
98
Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Listening Part 1
Lucy
Eva
Starters Listening
Look at picture 1 and listen. Say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Talk about the two pictures.
Ca
1
In picture 1, the guitar is next to the bed. In picture 2, the guitar is next to the door.
155
2
ge
id
br
m
1
Listen and colour. There is one example.
Co
156
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2
en
m
ss se
t Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Listening Part 4
99
Starters Reading and Writing
br
m
Ca
1 Read and look at your classroom. Say yes or no.
id
a The door is closed.
ge
b There is a bag under the teacher’s table. c You can see an animal.
U
Look and read. Write yes or no.
Co
2
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
d Some children are smiling.
100
Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Reading and Writing Part 2
t
1 There is a green T-shirt on the chair. 2 The girl has got a bag. 3 The boy is jumping on the bed. 4 The shoes and socks are under the chair. 5 The children are playing tennis.
en
Questions
yes no
m
The bedroom door is open. The boy is smiling.
ss se
Examples
Starters Reading and Writing Do the word puzzles. You have 3 minutes!
Ca
1
sn
br
m
A Write the missing letter.
B Correct the words.
ke
m
crocod
id
hors
use le
blak
r i l r
r y k e l a i n
house
shirt
skirt
Co
2
horse
jaket
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
c a l d
ship sheep
sok
D What’s the secret toy? Draw it.
ge
C Circle the correct word.
cop
Look at the pictures. Look at the letters. Write the words.
Example
mo u s e
m
Questions 1
e
u
o
s
2
n
3
4
i
t
i
t
5
e
g
en
p p
o
r
b
m
h
i
d
ss se
o
r
l
i
m
n
k e
y
o Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Reading and Writing Part 3
101
Starters Speaking
ge
id
br
m
Ca
1 Listen to your teacher. Play the game.
1
Listen and draw.
Co
157
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
2
2
3
4
en
m
ss se
t
102
Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Speaking Parts 1 and 2
1
Look and listen. Follow the instructions.
158
ge
id
br
m
Ca Co
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U en
m
ss se
t
2
159
Listen. Put your cards on the picture.
3
160
Listen. Answer questions about the zoo. Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Speaking Parts 1 and 2
103
Thanks and Acknowledgements
m
Ca
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.
br
Key: U = Unit
General
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id
Many thanks to everyone at Cambridge University Press and Assessment for their dedication and hard work, and in particular to: Liane Grainger and Lynn Townsend for supervising the whole project and guiding us calmly through the storms; Alison Bewsher for her keen editorial eye, enthusiasm and great suggestions; Zara Hutchinson-Goncalves for her energy, enthusiasm and helpful suggestions.
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We would also like to thank all our pupils and colleagues, past, present and future, at Star English academy in Murcia, especially Jim Kelly for his friendship and support throughout the years. This is for Lydia and Silvia, my own ‘Stars’, with all my love. – CN
For Paloma, for her love, encouragement and unwavering support. Thanks. – MT
Photography
The following photos are sourced from Getty Images.
The following photos are sourced from other libraries. U2: Gino Santa Maria/Shutterstock; U12: Wavebreak Media ltd/ Alamy Stock Photo. Commissioned photography by Copy cat and Trevor Clifford Photography.
Illustrations
Beth Hughes (The Bright Agency); Clara Soriano (The Bright Agency); Gaby Zermeño (Direct artist); Jake McDonald (The Bright Agency); Marek Jagucki (Direct artist); Matthew Scott (The Bright Agency); Pronk Media Inc. Cover illustration by Pronk Media Inc.
Audio production by Creative Listening.
Video
Design and typeset Blooberry Design
Additional authors Katy Kelly: Monty’s Sounds and Spelling Rebecca Legros: Marie’s art, geography and science Montse Watkin: Exam folder
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Video acknowledgements are in the Teacher Resources on Cambridge One.
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U1: Anna Erastova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2: Dimitri Otis/Stone; legalALIEN/DigitalVision Vectors; Eratel/DigitalVision Vectors; Thoth_ Adan/DigitalVision Vectors; Bobby Coutu/E+; LightFieldStudios/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Ariel Skelley/DigitalVision; manonallard/ E+; hadynyah/E+; Godruma/iStock/Getty Images Plus; EkaterinaKu/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; aldarinho/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Anna Erastova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3: Anna Erastova/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; U4: Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library; Samantha T. Photography/Moment; Carol Yepes/Moment; Andersen Ross Photography Inc/DigitalVision; Shingo Tosha/AFLO; Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision; picture/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Tim Robberts/DigitalVision; yozachika/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Pongnathee Kluaythong/EyeEm; Nednapa Chumjumpa/EyeEm; FreedomMaster/iStock/Getty Images Plus; broeb/iStock/Getty Images Plus; GlobalStock/E+; Jordan Siemens/Stone; Thomas Barwick/DigitalVision; Stockbyte; skynesher/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Anna Erastova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6: Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/DigitalVision; Barbara Friedman/Moment; sharply_done/E+; Geri Lavrov/Moment Open; J Shepherd/Photodisc; Lorianne Ende/EyeEm; Jim Cumming/Moment; Mint Images - Jamel Toppin/Mint Images RF; paul mansfield photography/Moment Open; Comstock/Stockbyte; vladans/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kobbydagan/iStock Editorial/ Getty Images Plus; U8: Ingunn B. Haslekaas/Moment; Achim Mittler, Frankfurt am Main/Moment; Westend61; John Seaton Callahan/ Moment; Paul Souders/Stone; Yuriy_Kulik/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Matteo Colombo/Moment; Rosemary Calvert/Stone; goinyk/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Ghislain & Marie David de Lossy/The Image Bank; 35007/E+; DmyTo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; RuslanDashinsky/E+; Jamie Grill/The Image Bank; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/DigitalVision; Fat Camera/E+; snipes213/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kuritafsheen/ RooM; Adam McGrath/500px Prime; David Talukdar/Moment;
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Leon Woods/EyeEm; Tobias Ackeborn/Moment; JGI; MariaTkach/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kinwun/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Mike Schultz/EyeEm; RusN/iStock/Getty Images Plus; JackF/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Gillmeister/iStock/Getty Images Plus; DeluXe-PiX/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Aukid Phumsirichat/EyeEm; gofotograf/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Somsak Bumroongwong/EyeEm; Jurmin Tang/EyeEm; ivanastar/E+; Ryan McVay/DigitalVision; GlobalP/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Indeed; heinteh/iStock/Getty Images Plus; amriphoto/E+; Dmytro_Skorobogatov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; hayatikayhan/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Poh Kim Yeoh/EyeEm; Roberto Peradotto/Moment; Morsa Images/DigitalVision; imagenavi; Emely/Cultura; U10: Henglein And Steets/Photolibrary; Carl & Ann Purcell/The Image Bank Unreleased; Vacclav/iStock/Getty Images Plus; avid_creative/E+; MichaelSvoboda/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Xuanyu Han/Moment; mikroman6/Moment; prospective56/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jaris Ho/Moment; AlasdairJames/iStock Unreleased; NathanMarx/E+; monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; BJI/Blue Jean Images; Norbert Schaefer/Corbis; SDI Productions/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U12: Image Source; Adina Tovy/Lonely Planet Images; Patrick Johns/Corbis/VCG/Corbis Documentary; EdwardSamuelCornwall/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Mr. Patipat Rintharasri/EyeEm; Tom Eversley/EyeEm; Akepong Srichaichana/EyeEm; Creativ Studio Heinemann; Richard Clark/ The Image Bank; Anastassios Mentis/Photolibrary; BJI/Blue Jean Images; Dorling Kindersley: Will Heap; vasilis ververidis/500px; Randy Mayor/Photographer’s Choice RF; WP Simon/Photodisc; Bignai/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; zentilia/iStock/Getty Images Plus; rubberball; Jade Albert Studio, Inc./Stone; izusek/ E+; ziggy_mars/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Saturated/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Indeed; Image Source/Photodisc; OJO Images/ Justin Pumfrey/Photolibrary; NickBiemans/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Meggj/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Torsten Blackwood/AFP; SW Productions/Stockbyte; Tosaphon C/500px Prime; Weedezign/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Delta Images/Image Source.