Glow Up! Level 4 Student's Book

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Ca K BOO S ’ T k N o E o S T U Dteractive eB with In

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B1– B1+

Melanie Starren Ashleigh Martinez Jo Cummins

CONTENTS

Unit 0 Welcome: Vocabulary Education p.5; Hobbies and leisure p.5; Travel and holidays p.7

Unit

Vocabulary

Unit 1

Exploring the past p.8

Reading

Grammar Toolkit

History and monuments A web page: King p.9 Richard III p.10 Exploring verbs p.12

Narrative tenses (review) p.11 was / were going to p.13

Mysteries p.21 un- / im- / in- adjectives p.24

A magazine article: The mysteries of the Rapa Nui p.22

Modals of speculation p.23 so + adjective / adverb (that); such + noun phrase (that); Impersonal It p.25

Celebrations p.33 Weddings p.36

An article: The Chiang Mai Flower Festival p.34

Defining relative clauses p.35 Non-defining relative clauses; Modifiers p.37

A web page on cultural recommendations p.46

Passive review p.47 Modal passive (present) p.49

Language (communication) p.57 Statistics (reading data) p.60

Online posts on the English language around the world p.58

Futures (review) p.59 Quantifiers with or without of p.61

Helping the community p.69 Helping phrases p.72

An online community notice board p.70

Verbs with two objects; Reciprocal pronouns p.71 Verb + object + infinitive; Verb + gerund / infinitive with changes in meaning p.73

Animals p.81 Animal actions p.84

A web page advertising a zoo p.82

Zero, first and second conditional (review) p.83 unless and as long as p.85

IT problems p.93 Life problems p.96

Chat messages asking for help with IT problems p.94

should / shouldn’t have vs. had to / didn’t have to p.95 Third conditional p.97

News p.105 Compound adjectives p.108

News stories p.106

Reported statements and instructions p.107 Reported questions and requests p.109

Fast Finisher p.18

Unit 2

It’s a mystery!

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p.20

Fast Finisher p.30 Unit 3

p.32

Let’s celebrate

Fast Finisher p.42 Unit 4

Fast Finisher p.54

p.44

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Stories p.45 Characters p.48

A good story

Unit 5

Global English p.56

Fast Finisher p.66 Unit 6

Helping out p.68

Fast Finisher p.78 Unit 7

p.80

All about animals

Unit 8

p.92

Don’t worry!

Fast Finisher p.90

Fast Finisher p.102 Unit 9

In the news p.104 Fast Finisher p.114 Grammar review pp.116–121 2

Vocabulary plus pp.122–130

Pronunciation pp.131–133

Irregular verbs list p.135

Grammar Verb tense revision p.4; Modals p.6; used to / didn't use to p.7

Listening

Speaking

Writing

A podcast with a marine archaeologist p.12

Decribing a past experience p.14

A story about a discovery p.15

Pronunciation p.131 /s/ and /z/

Culture/CLIL CLIL: The Terracotta Army pp.16–17 Learning situation: Create a leaflet about an important site or object p.17

Learning to learn Managing your study environment p.19 Speculating about a picture p.26 An opinion post about a mystery p.27 Pronunciation p.131 Consonant clusters

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A podcast about natural wonders p.23

Culture: Geographical mysteries around the world pp.28–29 Learning situation: Make a poster about a geographical mystery p.29

Review Units 1–2 p.31

A conversation about Romani weddings p.36

Explaining what something is p.38

Pronunciation p.131 Connected speech

An email about an CLIL: Human sciences pp.40–41 unusual experience Learning situation: Research and present p.39 a traditional celebration from a different country p.41

Learning to learn Listening and reading outside the classroom p.43

A book review p.48

A book review p.51

Culture: Telling stories pp.52–53 Learning situation: Create and tell a story p.53

A report p.63

CLIL: Linguistics pp.64–65 Learning situation: Create a collage of English words from your neighbourhood p.65

A community flyer p.75

Culture: Community living pp.76–77 Learning situation: Plan a perfect city to live in p.77

A persuasive advert p.87

CLIL: Biology pp.88–89 Learning situation: Choose a side, prepare and have a debate: Do animals have emotions? p.89

A message of apology p.99

Culture: Stress pp.100–101 Learning situation: Create a stressbusting weekly schedule p.101

A school newspaper article p.111

CLIL: Science pp.112–113 Learning situation: Record a local news report p.113

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Giving and responding to recommendations p.50 Pronunciation p.132 Three different u sounds

Review Units 3–4 p.55 A podcast about polyglots p.60

Presenting facts and data formally p.62 Pronunciation p.132 of and off

Learning to learn Recording learning achievements p.67 A news report about animals p.72

Asking for and offering help p.74 Pronunciation p.132 Weak vs. stressed can

Review Units 5–6 p.79

Making polite suggestions p.86

Pronunciation p.133 /b/ and /v/

An interview with an animal photographer p.84

Reassuring someone about a problem p.98

Three conversations about people’s problems with using IT p.96

Learning to learn Feeling good about learning p.91

Pronunciation p.133 The final /l/ sound Review Units 7–8 p.103 A radio news bulletin p.108

Giving and reacting to news p.110 Pronunciation p.133 The /d/ sound

Learning to learn Making a revision plan p.115 Competencies:

C8 3

e m o c Wel

UNIT

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Verb tense revision

1 Read the conversation about the new school year. Select the correct answers. rachel

Besties

diana

Great! 5 Did you / You did enjoy your first week of school?

Hey! Hope you are enjoying your new school. How’s your English class going?

diana

rachel

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Yes, thanks! It 6 were / was great. I 7 have / had a really interesting algebra class with Ms Frost. She’s very nice.

Great! My teacher is Mr Silva and he’s really nice. We 1 have / are having our senior project this year. Everyone 2 chooses / are choosing a topic and we 3 study / are studying it all year. This week, we 4 write / are writing down our ideas. I think I want to study yoga. It helps me to relax. diana

rachel

Oh, you have Ms Frost! She was my teacher, too. She always 8 plays / played classical music in class last year. She says is 9 helps / is helping you to concentrate.

diana

Maybe I can ask her to play some rock music.

Cool! I’d love to do yoga with you!

2 Complete the information about Diana and Rachel’s conversation with the words in the box. already

ever

for

just

since

yet

The school year has already started.

Mr Silva hasn’t looked at Rachel’s idea for her senior project … .

Diana has … started high school.

Ms Frost has taught maths … many years.

Rachel hasn’t had a lesson with Ms Frost … last year.

Has Rachel … done yoga?

Have you ever listened to classical music to help you to concentrate?

A No, I’m not. I’ve watched more films lately.

Have you already studied algebra in school?

Yes, I have. My sister is two years older than me.

Are you watching any good TV shows?

Yes, I am. I’ve got a big biology test on Friday.

3 4

Have you got any brothers or sisters that go to the same school as you?

Are you studying for any tests this week?

Are you interested in learning another language?

Workbook p.3

D No, I haven’t, but sometimes I listen to my

favourite band.

I’m not sure, but I think Italian would be fun to learn.

Yes, I have. I think I prefer geometry!

Have you ever listened to classical music to help you to concentrate?

Yes, I have. My baby brother is very noisy, and playing music helps me to concentrate. What about you?

questions in Ex 3 with your own ideas.

4 PAIRWORK Ask and answer the

Match the questions 1–6 with the answers A–F. Then listen and check.

0 Education

Hobbies and leisure

1 Put the letters in the correct order to make

1 Match the words in the box with the pictures.

education words. yloarbotar

tmsra

mucrrluuic

sudeits

enowdgkle

kislsl

go jogging practise sailing surfboard surfing take part workout

laboratory

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edecerhatah

2 Complete Mary’s social media post about

her visit to her son’s school using the words from Ex 1.

workout 3

Mary_Wilson

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NEW POST

Congratulations to everyone at Tall Pines High School for a wonderful open house! Mr Clark, the school’s 1 headteacher, gave a warm welcome to all the parents. I loved all of my son’s teachers! His science teacher, Ms Garland, showed us around the 2 … and described some experiments that the students have done in class. She told us about the new technology at the school. Our children’s 3 … in science and history make use of new laptops, software and games. However, not all of the 4 … is about technology. Students work in groups without screens to develop their social 5 … . All this 6 … is making my son a 7 … young man. I’m very proud of you, Robbie!

2 Complete the sentences with words from Ex 1.

Freya’s gone for a … in the gym.

I’m going to … the violin this evening after school.

Mum and Dad usually … in the park after work.

In the summer, I went … with my family on a boat called ‘Sunrise’.

I’d love to … in a tennis competition in the summer.

I went … last summer. Every time I tried to stand up, I fell in the sea!

3 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. 1

What are your hobbies? Why do you enjoy them?

Which new hobbies would you like to try in the future?

Workbook pp.3–4

Modals

Read the hotel rules. Then select the correct answers.

Rules and Recommendations

• No swimming in the hotel pool after 8.00 pm. • We recommend that you make dinner reservations at our restaurant at least two hours in advance. • Currency exchange is available at the front desk. • Pets are welcome in the rooms, but they are not allowed in the pool or dining areas. • Wi-Fi is free for all guests. The password is provided at the front desk.

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Paradise Hotel

Guests must not / don’t have to swim in the pool after 8.00 pm.

Guests should / must make dinner reservations.

Guests have to / can exchange money at the hotel.

Guests may / can’t take their pets to their rooms.

Guests don’t have to / can’t take their pets to the pool area.

Guests may not / don’t have to pay for Wi-Fi.

Guests have to / must not request the Wi-Fi password at the front desk.

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Find and correct five more errors with modals in the conversation. Then listen and check. Evan What a long trip! I left my house at seven this morning!

didn’t need to

Sophie

Your flight wasn’t until 11 o’clock! You didn’t needed to leave so early.

Evan

I have to get a bus to the airport and I didn’t know how long it would take.

Sophie

Why didn’t Sam take you? He need get up early this morning anyway.

Evan

Yes, but Sam had to went to work very early today for a presentation.

Sophie Oh. Next time, check the bus timetable online.

How was the flight?

Evan

Not great. A baby was crying next to me.

Sophie Did you ask the flight attendant to change

your seat?

Evan

No. I didn’t know I could do that.

Sophie Sure! If the plane wasn’t full, you didn’t had

to sit next to a crying baby. You can ask to changed seats!

past form of the modal in brackets and a phrase in the box.

3 Read about the trips. Respond with the correct

We arrived in the country on a Sunday, and no buses were operating. We had to get a taxi. (should)

You should have checked the public transport timetable.

Renata couldn’t enter the country because she didn’t have a visa. (ought to)

A thief stole Simon’s passport from his back pocket. (should)

The Clarke family booked online, but the hotel didn’t have their reservation. (ought to)

Jean got on the wrong bus and ended up in a different city. (should)

Workbook p.4

ask the bus driver for help check the public transport timetable confirm the reservation before arriving leave his passport at the hotel read the tourist visa rules

0 Travel and holidays

Complete the table with the words in the box. arrive

board check in currency go through immigration luggage passport reserve return take off visa

Things you take when you travel

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Actions when you travel

land

Complete the advert with the correct form of the words in the box. Then listen and check.

abroad arrive by air destination ferry journey public transport reservation reserve tourist information centre

Seacombe: Where city charm and seaside paradise meet! Even if you have just 4 … in Seacombe, all you need to do is download the bike-sharing app. Within minutes, you’ll be exploring the city on one of our new electric bikes!

Check out the new 1 … , which goes from the main port to Emerald Island. The 2 … now takes only 45 minutes! Now travellers can also enjoy drinks and snacks as they admire the beautiful sea view.

Are you visiting us from 5 … ? We love our international visitors! Travelling 6 … is never very easy. If you’ve chosen Seacombe as your international 7 … , we’re currently offering a ten percent discount on any hotel 8 … . Just give your flight information and the code SEA10 when you 9 … your room. And don’t forget to stop by our 10 … . We now offer useful information in multiple languages.

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Are you dreaming of the summer holidays yet? The city of Seacombe is waiting for you! We’ve worked hard to make Seacombe the best summer destination around.

But that’s not all – our 3 … has gone green! Seacombe has new eco-friendly city buses that use electricity and solar energy. We have a new bike-sharing system, too!

se m

ss 1 What has changed in the city of Seacombe? Read the advert again and complete the sentences with used to or didn’t use to. Then compare with a partner. 1

The ferry used to take longer than 45 minutes.

Ferry travellers … be able to buy drinks and snacks.

Seacombe … have old polluting buses.

The city … have a bike-sharing app.

The city … give a discount to international visitors.

The tourist information centre … offer information in only one language.

Workbook p.5

used to / didn’t use to

37 7

g n i r o Expl ast the p

UNIT

Talking about history and monuments and using exploring verbs Using narrative tenses to talk about the past Using was / were going to to talk about plans that changed Understanding an online guidebook and an interview with a marine archaeologist Describing a past experience Writing a story about a discovery

id br Grammar on the go

Learning about the Terracotta Army Learning Situation Create a leaflet about an important site or object.

CLIL

Grammar Gym

Unit aims

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U What doesn’t Gabrielle like about her house?

Why do people think the houses in Chefchaouen are painted blue?

Where does the red paint in Erik’s town come from?

Get on it!

Watch the video and answer.

is it? What famous old buildings are there in your country?

1 Look at the picture. What kind of building

VOCABULARY A

History and monuments C

Vocabulary Plus

p.122

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m 1 1

Persepolis, an ancient capital of Persia and archaeological site A

the ruins of the city of Persepolis, Iran

golden treasure

the palace of Xerxes

artefacts from Persepolis, mythical creatures on a column

sculptures on the palace walls

an underground tunnel for water systems

t he Xerxes Gate, a large monument with statues at the front

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Match the pictures A–H with the descriptions 1–8. Then listen and check.

Complete the review of the museum with the correct form of words from Ex 1. Then listen and check.

HOME | HISTORY | EXPLORE | CONTACT US

Have you ever visited an archaeological ... , such as Pompeii in Italy?

Why do people and governments protect the … of very old towns and cities like Persepolis?

How are statues and … similar and different? Can you give examples?

What would you do if you found a box of … ?

ss t

The Louvre Museum can be found inside the Louvre 1 Palace in Paris. The museum is in the centre of the city and it’s a historic monument. The museum owns over 480,000 valuable 2 … . Of course, it isn’t big enough to show all its 3 … at the same time, but if you visit, you can see about 35,000 objects. Some of them are 4 … and prehistoric; others are from the 19th century. They include clothes, cooking utensils, furniture and jewellery. Did you know that the Louvre is where you can see famous paintings like the Mona Lisa, as well as life-size Greek 5 … of people? There are also stories of a network of secret 6 … underneath the Louvre, but these remain a mystery.

from Ex 1.

Museums around the world

3 Complete the questions with words

4 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions in Ex 3. Yes, I have. I went to the Pyramids of Giza last year. It was ...

Finished? p.18

jewellery jewelry

Workbook p.6

READING 1

Look at the web page. What is the main purpose? A to encourage people to visit Leicester B

to give a general introduction to the life and death of a person

to give information about a specific place for tourists

Home

Read the web page and check your answer to Ex 1. car park parking lot

Accomodation

Food

Adventure

Sport

Tours

Festivals

History

Richard III is born in 1452 and dies in 1485. He’s a member of the Plantagenet royal family that ruled England for more than 300 years. However, the Plantagenets fight a lot over who should be the next king or queen, and they have lots of battles. When Richard III’s brother, Edward IV, dies in 1483, his son Edward V becomes king. There’s just one problem: Edward V is only 12 years old. So his uncle, Richard III, becomes king until the young Edward is old enough to be in charge. But Richard III wants to be the true king, so he locks Edward V and his brother in the Tower of London, which some kings have used as a palace in the past. Richard III then becomes king. However, he is killed in the Battle of Bosworth Field by Henry VII’s soldiers in 1485.

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Welcome to Leicester! Besides being famous for its Indian restaurants, Leicester is well known for being one of the oldest cities in England. Its long history goes back more than two thousand years to ancient times. If you visit Leicester, you must visit the site where archaeologists found the body of King Richard III in a car park in 2012. If you want to know more about his history and how they found him, keep reading.

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U King Richard III

Before his death, Richard III had been very unpopular because of all the unkind things he did. He didn’t have a funeral. Some people said that Henry VII’s men threw his body in a river. Others said his body was in a church in Leicester. However, the church no longer exists. The site where the ruins of this church were eventually became a car park and a children’s playground. People never stopped looking for Richard III’s body. Philippa Langley, a British writer, believed she knew where it was. She and her colleagues persuaded archaeologists from the University of Leicester to look under the car park. While they were looking on the first day, they found his leg bone. After that, they found more bones, including his backbone. In pictures from the time, Richard III had a curved back, and this bone was also curved. They had found him. After lots of tests, Langley was able to prove in 2013 that she had found Richard III. He finally got a proper burial in Leicester Cathedral in 2015, a short distance from a statue of him that had been in the gardens for a year. The car park where they found the king is now a protected monument and one of the most important sites in the UK.

King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field

3 Read the web page again. Put the events in the correct order. A Richard III becomes king.

Edward IV dies.

A statue of Richard III is put in the gardens.

Archaeologists find Richard III’s bones.

Richard III is born. 1

G The construction of a car park.

Along with food, the city of Leicester is famous for its … .

The Plantagenets were the … that ruled England for over 300 years.

To become king, Richard III put his nephew in the … of London.

King Richard III was … by Henry VII’s soldiers in the year … .

King Richard III’s bones, including his … bone and … , were found under a car park.

Workbook p.10

the archaeologist who found the body of Richard III. Use the questions to help you. 1

Where are you right now?

What is happening at the site?

What do you think is going to happen next? What is happening?

We’ve just found ...

5 PAIRWORK Role play an interview with

the web page.

H Henry VII’s soldiers kill Richard III.

4 Complete the sentences with words from

D Richard III’s burial in Leicester Cathedral.

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Read the post. Find examples of the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, present perfect continuous and present simple tenses.

GYM

VIDEO

Richard III’s body has been in Leicester Cathedral since 2015.

Present perfect continuous

Visitors have been coming to see his grave for the last ten years.

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Past perfect

Present perfect

Past continuous

p.116

GRAMMAR

He’s born in 1452 and dies in 1485.

Past simple

Grammar review

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Last week, I went on a school trip to La Jolla, California, with students in my photography class. None of the other students knew La Jolla, but I had already been there before with my parents. I was excited to go there again. Imagine the scene: It's been raining all night, but just as we arrive, the sun comes out and we walk down the beach in perfect silence. It was beautiful. Everyone was taking pictures when suddenly we saw six enormous seals come out of the sea. I've never seen such an amazing sight!

Present simple

They found his body under a car park.

COMMON ERRORS

While archaeologists were looking, they found his leg bone.

They had came home late.

He had never been a popular king.

They had come home late.

Match 1–7 with A–G to make sentences. 1

By the time the show started,

A the year before he went with us.

Before I went to that beach,

were you looking for treasure?

She opens her eyes

when the sun came out.

Jack had already visited the ruins

D and he walks to the window.

He gets up

I had never seen a seal.

Sam was playing football

Sophie had found her seat.

When you dug that hole in the ground,

G and she sees that it’s been raining.

PAIRWORK Look at the pictures and imagine what happened next. Use the prompts to help you.

Narrative tenses (review)

•

The woman was climbing up a ladder when …

•

They had found the treasure when …

•

The man opens the door and ...

The woman was climbing up a ladder when ...

... she saw a mouse at the top! She nearly fell and ...

Finished? p.18

Workbook p.7

37 11

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Exploring verbs

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then listen and check. dig

disappear

discover

explore

lift up

touch

wonder D

What did the scientist … ?

Let’s … for the ball here.

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We need to … a hole.

Don’t touch that!

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U We’re going to … this tunnel.

Match 1–6 with A–F.

Bend your knees when you … something heavy.

A lots of things in rock pools.

I like to search

I always explore

You can discover

When I step in the pools,

D for fossils on the beach.

Then I carefully

the rock pools.

I lift up shells and stones

little creatures disappear into the sand.

touch the rocks.

to see what’s under them.

Listen to the interview. Which two things did Amy find?

bracelet

plate

box

boat

Who is Henry interviewing on his podcast? B an archaeologist

and marine life

C She wanted

to go diving.

B s tudy fish and

marine life

C f ind things from

the past in the sea

ability to swim well fitness good at writing good exam results love of heights patience positive attitude

What was the plate like? A funny

travel the world.

What does Amy say marine archaeologists do? A explore the past

B S he wanted to

B perfect

C beautiful

What did Amy do with the treasure she found? A stored it with

B kept it

other objects

Finished? p.18

Workbook p.8

C g ave it to

a museum

I think it’s important to be able to swim well because ...

to study history.

A She didn’t want 3

C a teacher

Why didn’t Amy go to university after school?

PAIRWORK Discuss which skills are useful to be a marine archaeologist.

A a historian 2

Listen again. Select the correct answers.

I … where they are.

I read a story about a woman who could … .

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

was going to pay was going to pick me up was going to say were you were you going to say

Tony Hi, Anna! You wanted to talk yesterday.

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Anna Oh, yes. I 2 … hi, but you got off the bus

before it left. What happened?

Tony My dad called and said he 3 … from school

to go to the Natural History Museum.

You were going to buy Nina a birthday present, weren’t you? B

I wasn’t going to be here today.

Why was Claire at the library?

Tom and Rosa were going to go to the Canary Islands, weren’t they?

I thought Max was going to wear his boots to the party.

We weren’t going to spend a lot of money on holiday.

A Yes, I heard. They couldn’t go because

Wow! How was it?

of the storms.

Tony Well, when my dad 4 … , he realised he had

forgotten his wallet. My dad said we should go back to the car.

Yes, I was. But I changed my mind.

He was, but they were hurting his feet.

D Neither was I, but I went on lots of trips. E

She was going to get a book, but someone had already checked it out.

I’m happy you are! Why did you change your mind?

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Anna You weren't going to leave without seeing

the museum, 5 ... ?

Tony Yes, we were. I wasn't going to say

anything, but I was quite disappointed. However, at that moment, a curator told us it was free to enter. We didn’t have to pay after all!

p.117

What 1 were you going to say?

Match sentences 1–6 with the responses A–F.

Grammar review

Complete the conversation with the words in the box. Then listen and check.

Anna

was / were going to

PAIRWORK Look at the pictures and discuss what the people were going to do.

Yes, she must have been going to travel to ...

se ss

GRAMMAR ON THE GO

VIDEO

She was going to show her passport at ...

was / were going to for past plans that changed He was going to pick me up.

I wasn’t going to say anything.

What were you going to say?

COMMON ERRORS

question tags

You weren’t going to leave without seeing the museum, were you?

They were going to explore the cave?

Were they going to explore the cave?

Finished? p.18

Workbook p.9

SPEAKING

Describing a past experience

Look at the pictures. Discuss who the people are, what they are doing and where the events take place. Then listen and check.

Listen again. Are the sentences T (true) or F (false)?

Ariana used to visit her uncle when she was a child.

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Ariana remembers going to a coffee shop to hear stories. Ariana’s aunt decided to buy a house.

Aunt Erin was good at painting and making sculptures.

Aunt Erin was going to sell the house.

Complete the Useful language with the words in the box. Then listen and check.

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funny just realised remember started when

USEFUL LANGUAGE

One time, 2 … I was …

But then I 5 … to …

I 3 … remember …

The 6 … thing was, …

5 Think about something you found in the

Put the events of Leo’s experience in order. Then listen and check. A

Where did you find it?

•

What were you doing when you found it?

•

How did you feel when you found it?

•

What was funny about the experience?

6 Key Competencies 1

It was late at night, and I just remember Pete saying, ‘I want to show you something in the living room’. Pete put his hand into the hole and lifted out a mysterious black box. The funny thing was, when he saw the box, he wasn’t angry. ‘Thank you,’ he said. ‘I wondered where I’d put that box of old photos!’ And we all laughed.

AIRWORK Tell your partner about P your past experience. Use the Useful language to link your ideas and your notes from Ex 5. One time, when I was ...

isten carefully to your partner’s L story. Use the questions in Ex 5 to summarise their story. You found a watch when you were six ...

p.131

When did you find it?

•

Suddenly, the door opened and Pete’s dad was standing there. I was scared. I didn’t want to get into trouble ...

•

One time, when I was about 13, I was playing video games with my friend Pete.

What did you find?

So we went downstairs to the living room. What did he want to show me? Pete moved the rug, and then I realised there was a hole in the floor.

•

Pronunciation

... and then I 4 … ...

past. Use the questions to write notes.

I 1 … one time …

WRITING

A story about a discovery

1 Read the story. Put the pictures A–D in the correct order.

It was the day Alex discovered he wanted to be an archaeologist. He was at his grandparents’ flat. Grandpa had said there was pirate treasure at the beach. Alex loved adventure, so he immediately said they should go and find it. But the weather was terrible, so they stayed at home reading.

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Eventually, the rain stopped and they went out. While they were walking along the beach, Alex found a fossil of a fish. At first, he took some pictures of the fossil and was going to leave it on the beach. But then he remembered he had to take an interesting object to school for his history project, so he decided to keep it.

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Grandpa loved history and told Alex lots of interesting things about fossils. He told him that Alex’s mum liked to explore and find objects on the same beach when she was Alex’s age. In fact, the site was so famous for fossils that a TV station had made a documentary there around that time.

After a while, Alex and his grandpa went home and watched the documentary. All of a sudden, Alex saw his mum on the screen! She was playing in the rock pools when she suddenly stopped to look at the rocks. Alex wondered what she had found. In the end, Grandpa turned off the documentary, and he told Alex all about his mum’s adventures.

Read and listen to the phrases in the Useful language. Which ones appear in the story?

4 Plan a story about a discovery.

Write notes to organise your story. Who is in the story?

USEFUL LANGUAGE Fronted adverbials

What did they discover?

Where and when did the events happen?

But then ...

Afterwards,

Before long,

After a while,

Eventually,

In the end,

Why did they go to the beach?

When did they go to the beach?

Why did Alex keep the fossil?

Why was a documentary made about the site?

What was unexpected?

5 Write your story. Use your notes from Ex 4. Remember to:

How did the story end?

3 Read the story again. Answer the questions.

What events happened next?

All of a sudden,

What happened first?

Some time later,

At first,

Use narrative tenses to say what happened and when. Use the Useful language. Use a variety of verbs and adjectives. Check your grammar and spelling.

Workbook p.11

CLIL

The Terracotta Army

CLIL VIDEO

A HISTORY OF CHINA IN 101 OBJECTS CHAPTER 5: THE TERRACOTTA ARMY

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In March of 1974, a group of farmers were digging a well near the city of Xi’an in northwestern China. Buried in the earth, they discovered a life-size sculpture of a human head. Those farmers had just unearthed the greatest archaeological find of the 20th century – the Terracotta Army. It had been in the ground for more than 2,000 years. Archaeologists had never found anything like it before and haven’t found anything like it since.

UNCOVERED

After the discovery, archeologists came to search the site. Slowly, they began to dig. Led by a man called Zhao Kangmin, they worked incredibly hard for many years. They discovered about 8,000 life-size warriors, hundreds of chariots and horses made of clay and smaller objects such as spears and swords. Because the sculptures were made out of a clay called terracotta, the warriors were called the Terracotta Army. But why was it there? What was it for?

In ancient times, Emperor Qin Shi Huang brought the different parts of China together to form one country. In 221 bce, he became the first emperor of China. When he died in 210 bce, they buried him in a tomb near where farmers found the Terracotta Army. The emperor had lived in a time when many people in his country believed in life after death. As a leader, he had had many enemies in his life. Historians realised that Qin Shi Huang had the Terracotta Army built to protect him from his enemies in the afterlife.

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PROTECTION IN THE AFTERLIFE

Watch the video. Put the events in the correct order. A A boy in Howard

Carter’s team kicked something hard in the sand.

The team opened the tomb of Tutankhamun.

Howard Carter travelled to Egypt.

Read the page from a history book. Check your answer to Ex 2. of the blue words with their definition.

a person who studies the past

to find something by digging in the ground

a person who fights in a battle or war

a two-wheeled vehicle pulled by horses

a weapon used in the past made of a long metal blade

a large place where a person’s body goes after they die

to look for old buildings or objects buried under the ground

5 Read the text again. Select the correct answers. 1

Farmers / Archaeologists made the first discovery.

The sculptures got their name from the person who found them / the material they are made of.

It was unusual / normal to believe in the afterlife in the time of Qin Shi Huang.

Workers made the warriors in one piece / many different pieces.

There has been a museum at the site since 1974 / 1975.

culptures sometimes / never go to other museums S for exhibitions.

thick, heavy soil that gets hard when dry

Activity card: Knowledge

What museums have you visited? What did you learn there?

when we put a dead body in the ground bury

Museums are essential institutions for providing education to future generations. They teach us about history, art, science and many other subjects.

GOAL 12 QUALITY EDUCATION

4 Read the text again. Match the correct form

team learned about how the Egyptians buried people.

Sustainable Development

2 PAIRWORK Look at the pictures of the

sculptures. What do you think they are for?

D Howard Carter and his

1 YEARS OF WORK

SOMETHING TO VISIT

A year after archaeologists began to excavate the site, a museum opened there. Every year, millions of tourists visit the museum to wonder at the sculptures. But if China is too far from where you live, you may be in luck. Over the last few years, some of the warriors have been to exhibitions in museums around the world. Who knows? Maybe one day you’ll be able to see the Terracotta Army in your country.

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Work began on the tomb and the warriors several years before Qin Shi Huang died. Historians think that hundreds of thousands of workers were involved. The workers made each body part of the warriors separately, and then put them together later. Incredibly, the face of each warrior is different. From what they are wearing on their heads, we can even tell their position in the army! Archaeologists have also discovered that the warriors were originally different colours – bright pinks, reds, greens and blues. Imagine how much work it took just to make one of these warriors!

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U 6 Key Competencies

ead the text again. Order the sentences from 1 (certain to be true) R to 4 (the author’s opinion). Explain your answers to a partner. A ‘Historians realised

that Qin Shi Huang built the Terracotta Army to protect himself from his enemies in the afterlife.’

‘The Terracotta C Army was the greatest archaeological find of the 20th century.’

‘D’ is certain to be true because it’s a simple statement about an event ...

‘Historians think D ‘Archaeologists that hundreds of discovered about thousands of workers 8,000 life-size warriors, were involved in making hundreds of chariots and the terracotta warriors.’ horses made of clay and many smaller objects.’

DISCUSS

IATION

N M

IO AT

ME D

PLAN

step

Present your research to the class. Listen to your classmates’ presentations. Which site or object would you like to know more about?

DIAT I

step

IATION

EXTEND

Create a leaflet about an important site or object.

Have you ever visited any important historical sites? Have you seen any important historical IATIO objects inNa museum? ED What important sites and objects do you know about? step

MINI PROJECT

step

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Choose one site or object to research. Where is it? Who made it? What period of history is it from? Why is it important?

UNIT 1: FAST FINISHER 1

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Are you scared to go

through the

… … … … … in the evening. 6

……………………

Do you like this

………………………?

It’s unusual!

…………………!

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they’re

I wonder what is in the box.

… … … … … … like this before?

The drawings aren’t just old,

We were walking around the

………………?

Have you seen a

Who used to live in this

I saw this beautiful

……………………

in a museum.

………………?

2 What sort of historian are you? Do the quiz to find out.

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There are lots of careers you can have if you study history. Do the quiz to find the best one for you!

Where do you do your history homework?

A Outside. I love hearing the birds sing. B

A toy

I’m more interested in recording vlogs.

C I disappear into my bedroom and

don’t come out until it’s finished.

When you were a child, what was your favourite gift?

camera

pencils and crayons

Where would you most like to be?

What are you most interested in?

B a toy

dinosaurs

A exploring places and finding old objects B

being famous

researching and writing

What would you like to wear to work?

A woollen jumpers, thick socks and boots B

the latest fashion

something clean and comfortable

Mostly Bs – Some historians love working on documentaries, so this might be the job for you! You can combine the celebrity life with your historical knowledge. Mostly Cs – It’s clear you love history, but we don’t think you’d enjoy digging up dirty things. Why not be a researcher or an author of history books?

with the words in the box.

h, I 1 … to do something about ancient Greece, O but I 2 … anything I was interested in. So I 3 … to do mammoths instead.

Zak

Mammoths? Why mammoths?

Laura

I 4 … an article about a site near Mexico City. They 5 … a new airport when they 6 … the bones of 60 mammoths! Before humans lived there, the area 7 … a lake. Apparently, the mammoths got stuck in the mud and 8 … .

Zak

That’s crazy.

Videos

Games & Spin the Wheel

Learning Situation: CLIL Project

Unit 1 Worksheets

Laura

Digital Practice

id you come up with an idea for your D history project?

Interactive eBook

Zak

DIGITAL T OLKIT

’m going came across couldn’t find died had been read was going were building

3 Complete the conversation

Mostly As – You should be an archaeologist! You would love discovering ancient things! And you don’t care about being famous or what you look like.

LEARNING TO LEARN

Managing your study environment

1 PAIRWORK Look at the picture and discuss the questions. Look at the girl’s desk and think about where you study at home. What three things do the places have in common?

What are three differences?

Do you think the girl’s desk is an effective place to study? Why or why not?

2 Read the post about an effective study space. Match the headings in the box with paragraphs 1–5. Furniture

Light

Make it cool Noise Pens and things

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perfect

study space!

To be successful in school, it’s necessary to have the right study space at home. What do you need to do to make your study environment as effective as it can be?

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U 1 Y ou should have everything you need nearby. You don’t want to interrupt your study time to go and find things, so keep your books, pens and paper near you. If you’re using a laptop, make sure you have the charger, too. But don’t put things on your desk that can distract you. Leave your phone in another room!

2 B right study spaces are best! If the place where you study is too dark, you might feel sleepy or hurt your eyes. Having a desk near a window can be amazing, but move it if you get distracted when you look outside! And make sure you have a bright light in case you need to study at night.

3 Read the post again. Select your three

the things I keep near me

•

the furniture I have

•

something that distracts me

•

what I can hear when I study

•

something I want to change

Ask questions. Then make suggestions to improve their study space.

I often start looking at this photo when I’m studying. I’d love to move it, but it’s my brother’s, so I can’t.

Maybe you could ...

LEARNING TO LEARN TIPS

something I like about it

•

5 PAIRWORK Read your partner’s notes.

•

5 If you have your own study space, then make it somewhere you want to go. That way you’ll always be happy to go and study. If you love cats, why not put a poster of one next to your desk? Remember to keep your space clean and tidy, too.

homework. Use the ideas below and write notes.

4 Y ou’ll need a chair and a table that’s the correct height. What else? Managing your time is important when you study, so make sure you can see a clock. (NOT your phone’s clock because you put your phone in another room, right?)

4 Think about the place where you do your

3 Some people like to listen to music or the radio when they study, while others prefer to study in silence. Either way, it’s best to be somewhere where you can control the sounds around you. That means you can stop any noises that start to annoy or distract you.

favourite ideas.

The

Sometimes the place where we work best is not the place where we feel the most comfortable and

Something that distracts me: - a photo of New York - TV

‘at home’. If you don’t work well in your bedroom, try finding a neutral place in your home where you can work without distractions.

a s ’ t I ! y r e myst

UNIT

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For Real

Talking about mysteries and using un- / im- / in- adjectives Using modals of speculation Using so and such to talk about results Understanding an article and a podcast about mysteries Speculating about a picture Writing an opinion post about a mystery Learning about a geographical mystery Learning Situation Make a poster about a geographical mystery.

Culture

Grammar Gym

Unit aims

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U se

Where is the Plain of Jars?

What are some mysteries about the Plain of Jars?

How are people studying it?

Get on it!

Watch the video and answer.

see? What weather could damage this drawing?

1 Look at the picture. What do you

VOCABULARY 1

Mysteries

Vocabulary Plus

Read and listen to the web page about two mysterious creatures. Match the creatures 1–2 with the pictures A–B.

Understanding science

ge U

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Put the letters in the correct order to make five of the blue words from Ex 1. Then match the words with the correct definition and picture. bjtcoe

kcirt

ptxere 2

expert someone with a lot of knowledge about a specific subject

rgufie

rtcaerue 3

a living thing that can move by itself

Remember how I told you that I love reading books on mythical 1 creatures / experts? Well, at the moment, I’m reading a story about a basilisk. It’s the same 2 shape / feeling as a lizard, but it’s much bigger and more dangerous. Anyway, I went hiking with my older brother last weekend. I was walking up the mountain when I had a 3 feeling / smell something was watching me from the bushes. Suddenly, I saw something move across the ground. ‘It’s a basilisk!’ I shouted. Well, it was a 4 figure / possibility! Of course, it wasn’t a basilisk. The 5 trick / truth is, it was a huge lizard called a goanna, and I’ve joined a wildlife group that helps look after their habitat. Maybe I’ll become an 6 expert / figure on lizards!

Finished? p.30

PAIRWORK Make a list of other mysterious or mythical creatures. Discuss if you think they exist and say why or why not.

David’s World

You can’t see or touch a possibility, can you?

Read the post and select the correct answers.

Things or ideas that you can’t see or touch

You can see or touch a creature.

GROUP WORK Discuss which words go in which category. Explain your reasons.

Things you can see or touch

an action that makes the form of a person something you can you believe something or human body see or touch, but is not which is not true usually a living thing

creature enigma expert feeling figure object possibility shape smell trick truth A

2 This hairy monster is said to live in the Himalayan mountains, although there are reports of similar creatures in forests around the world. It’s an ape-like figure with sharp teeth and a nasty smell. There are no clear photos of the creature and experts mostly agree it doesn’t exist.

the Yeti

the Loch Ness monster

1 This creature is said to live in a large lake in Scotland. It has the shape of a huge dinosaur. It was first seen in 1933. There are a few photos of it, but most seem to be trick photos, not real. Most experts agree it isn’t real and think the truth is that it is a very large eel or fish.

p.123

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An enigma is something that is difficult to understand or impossible to explain. Most enigmas relate to an old building or object, a historical event or the natural world, but some relate to people or animals. Some people spend a lot of time studying enigmas and they have a strong feeling about what is true or false. Read the information about these two famous mysterious creatures. Is there any possibility that they really exist?

Workbook p.14

READING 1 Look at the pictures of the moai statues. Who do you think put them there? Why?

The mysteries of the

Rapa Nui

Destinations | Things to Do | Travel Forums | More

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A Sometime between the years 400 and 1200 ce, the Rapa Nui people arrived on an island in the South Pacific Ocean. They called it Rapa Nui. Today, we also call it Easter Island – a name the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen gave to it when he reached the island on Easter Sunday in 1722. He found something that the rest of the world hadn’t seen – Rapa Nui’s giant statues of human figures, called moai.

he fall in the Rapa Nui population is T also a mystery. There may have been as many as 15,000 people, but by the time Europeans arrived on the island, as few as 600 people were living there. So what happened? One possibility is that the Rapa Nui cut down all the palm trees for farming. This killed off other plants, forced birds to leave and left the Rapa Nui without palm nuts to eat or wood to build homes and fishing canoes. Some experts say rats could have killed all the trees by eating their roots. Others say that disease brought by Europeans may have destroyed the population. Whatever the truth is, the Rapa Nui survived. Today they make up about 45 percent of the 8,000 people on the island.

D Was one event responsible for the big decrease in the Rapa Nui population? How did they build and move such incredible statues? What were the statues for? Easter Island has amazed people for centuries. Over 100,000 tourists visit the island every year. The truth about the Rapa Nui and the moai may be a mystery, but we have a feeling that the modern world won’t forget them anytime soon. What do you think?

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B There are almost 1,000 moai on Easter Island. Experts believe people built them between 1400 and 1600 to show respect for important Rapa Nui people. This could be true, but nobody really knows for sure. The largest statue, known as ‘El Gigante’, is over 20 metres tall. How could the Rapa Nui make such large, heavy objects and move them around the island? They didn’t have modern technology or tools. These questions have interested experts for many years. They have made the Rapa Nui and the moai a great mystery that we might never be able to solve.

Read the magazine article. Match the questions 1–5 with the answers in paragraphs A–D.

Why did the Rapa Nui people almost disappear?

What happened to all the trees on Easter Island?

How many statues are there?

How did Easter Island get its name?

… is the name for the statues in the Rapa Nui language.

Two possible reasons why the Rapa Nui population decreased relate to … .

… may have eaten the roots of the palm trees and made the trees disappear.

Some experts say … brought disease to the Rapa Nui and this destroyed their population.

More than … tourists go to Easter Island every year to see its famous statues.

Workbook p.18

What historical objects or figures does your country have? Describe them to your partner, but don’t say their name. Can they guess what you’re describing?

Sustainable Development

GOAL 15 RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION

The fall in the Rapa Nui population is an important lesson of the dangers of not consuming responsibly. If we use all of our natural resources, there will be nothing left for us to live on.

How can we use the lesson of the Rapa Nui people to help us to live in a more sustainable way? Activity card: Knowledge

Would you like to see the moai statues? Why or why not?

the text.

3 Complete the sentences with words from

4 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions.

Can tourists visit Easter Island?

meter

metre

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Modals of speculation

@Incredi_Boy_09 > >

There was a strange sound in the forest. I’m sure that it must be / might be a wild animal.

That animal is definitely not an ape. It might be / must be a bear ... but I can’t be certain.

Scientists are trying to find the creature, but they can’t. It may be / might not be just a story.

Experts don’t think the picture is real. It can’t be / must be fake.

Look at that figure in the mist! It can’t be / might be a ghost because we don’t believe in ghosts!

p.117

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I just saw Bigfoot! It’s an incredible creature! I was walking in the woods when I saw a large figure move. ‘That 1 can’t be an ape,’ I thought. ‘There aren’t apes around here!’ It stopped, turned around and looked at me. Then it ran away. Check out my picture!

Select the correct answers to complete the sentences. Grammar review

Read the social media post and comments. Do they believe that @Incredi_Boy_09 saw Bigfoot?

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@Fab.Girl.123 Hmm, I’m not sure. It 2 could be a man in a hairy costume.

@Anna-Adventures You 3 must be joking! This picture isn’t real.

@Robert2020 You 4 may think Bigfoot is real, but the experts say it isn’t. Someone 5 might be playing a trick on you.

GRAMMAR GYM

VIDEO

This picture must be fake.

Possible

It could be a man in a hairy costume. It may be my imagination. Someone might be playing a trick on you.

That animal is definitely not an ape. It might be a bear.

That can’t be an ape!

= It’s impossible.

…

= I’m sure it’s the only explanation.

…

Someone can be playing a trick on you.

A = It’s possible.

COMMON ERRORS

Match the phrases 1–5 from Ex 1 with their meanings A–C. Then compare with a partner.

It could be Bigfoot!

PAIRWORK Read the sentences in Ex 3 again. Take turns to say a new sentence for situations 1–5. Use modals of speculation.

Impossible

Certain

Someone might be playing a trick on you. You should be joking! You must be joking!

When he says ‘That can’t be an ape’, I think he’s saying it’s impossible.

Finished? p.30

Workbook p.15

23 37

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Select the correct answers to complete the article. Then listen and check.

Mysterious Natural Wonders

The natural world is full of 1 unable / unbelievable wonders. One example is a mysterious hum that some people hear in Taos, New Mexico. What causes this 2 unpleasant / impossible sound? Could it be power lines, medical problems or earthquake tremors? All of these explanations seem quite 3 improbable / invisible. Experts are 4 unable / impossible to agree on the cause.

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There are many other mysteries. Why do some trees in Russia grow into 5 unexpected / invisible shapes? What makes large rocks in California move across the ground in 6 unpleasant / impossible ways? Why is a lake in Australia an 7 incredible / invisible pink colour? How do 8 impossible / invisible organisms make a sea in Puerto Rico a magical blue at night? There are many possible answers to these questions, but it’s 9 unlikely / unbelievable we will learn the truth about them all.

2 Write your own ideas to match the

descriptions 1–6. Then compare with a partner.

Listen again. Are the sentences T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn’t say)? Experts agree on what causes natural wonders.

Food with an unpleasant smell.

Scientists know the colour of the lake isn’t a trick.

Something invisible that you often use.

There are other pink lakes around the world.

An animal that’s unable to run.

Two reasons are given for the sailing stones.

Something that’s impossible for you to do.

Insects are killing the trees in Russia.

A film with an unexpected ending.

Bioluminescence can only be seen at night.

The most incredible thing you ever saw.

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un- / im- / in- adjectives

Listen to the podcast about natural wonders. Which topics are not discussed?

Dancing Forest, Kaliningrad

5 Look at the reasons given for the natural wonders. Which explanation is most likely, A or B? Pink lakes:

A trick of the light

B mix of salt and organisms

Dancing trees:

A strong winds

B insects and caterpillars

Sailing stones:

Sailing stones, Death Valley

B strong winds

6 Key Competencies 1

PAIRWORK Explain your choices in Ex 5. Use the phrases in the box.

Lake Hillier, Australia

A ice

, Catumbo lightning Venezuela

For example …

I guess that …

I think / don’t think…

In my opinion …

That’s because …

I think the rocks move in Death Valley because of ice. I don’t think the wind could ever be strong enough to move big rocks like that!

Luminous sea, Puerto Rico 2 Zhangye Danxia, China

Finished? p.30

Workbook p.16

AIRWORK What other mysteries do P you know about? Share your ideas with your partner and speculate about possible explanations.

The reason is …

As a result of …

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

so + adjective / adverb (that); such + noun phrase (that); Impersonal It

Listen to the vlog and complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. Grammar review

incredible that so beautiful that so well that such a such enormous monuments to be to see the pyramids when you realise 1

It’s amazing to be here.

It’s … great way … .

It’s … I don’t want to leave!

m 6

They’re … that historians have never been able to understand how they were built. It’s … people were able to cut and transport all the stones to build the Great Pyramid.

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He explained it … , for a moment, I wanted to become an Egyptologist!

p.119

I think it’s fascinating … that there are still great mysteries in the world!

so / such to explain a result

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Complete the sentences. Use so or such and the correct form of the words in brackets.

The pyramids are so big (that) you can see them from very far. They were built so well (that) they survived thousands of years.

such (+ noun phrase)

It’s such a beautiful building that people travel from all over the world to see it. They’re such famous monuments that everyone recognises them. The pyramids were covered in such smooth stone that they shone in the sun.

so (+ adjective / adverb)

They built the monument so quickly that (quick) it was finished in five months.

It’s … (mysterious) event that experts are still studying it now.

The storm was … (sudden) we didn’t have time to prepare for it.

The building was designed … (careful) the builders didn’t make any mistakes.

The photo was … (obvious) fake that nobody believed it!

Impersonal It

It’s amazing (that) they were able to transport all of the stones to the pyramids. It’s exciting when you learn something new about human history. It’s a good idea to do some research before going on holiday.

the | impossible | enigma | it’s | solve | to

hard | for | it’s | find out | the truth | us | to

The Alhambra is such a nice place that I’d love to go back one day.

It’s impossible to solve the enigma. 2

PAIRWORK Tell your partner about a historic place / building that you have visited using so and such. Respond to your partner using It’s statements.

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

It’s great that you liked it so much!

COMMON ERRORS This is so amazing car. This is such an amazing car.

Finished? p.30

Workbook p.17

SPEAKING 1

Speculating about a picture

FOR REAL VIDEO

Look at the pictures. Which option (A, B or C) describes what Sofia and Jess are doing? Listen and check. A completing a biology project

looking at old pictures

reading about holiday destinations

Listen again. Answer the questions.

m 1

id br

Why is Sofia looking at a picture of a snow monkey? How long has Sofia’s mum been a photographer?

Where was the picture taken?

Why does Jess think the monkey is unhappy?

Why did the snow monkeys start going into the hot springs?

Listen to the Useful language. Then listen to the conversation again. Which phrases do you hear?

5 PAIRWORK Speculate about the

pictures. Use the Useful language and your own ideas.

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USEFUL LANGUAGE I’m not really sure …

Perhaps it’s …

... some sort of …

It’s difficult to say, but …

It looks like …

I’d say it’s …

I think maybe …

Look at this picture. It looks like a giraffe is about to go into the underground station!

Complete the conversation with the Useful language. Listen and check.

I think maybe this was taken in ...

Sofia Aw, look at this baby elephant! 1

I’d say it’s in Kenya. My mum has

told me a lot about her trip there. 2 … who the person is.

p.131 Pronunciation 26

2 PAIRWORK Show your partner one

of your own photographs. Speculate about what is happening in your partner’s photograph. You must be going to a wedding with your family because you’re all wearing smart clothes and you look happy.

Jess It looks very happy!

You said that the giraffe was entering the underground station. But that can’t be true because ...

can’t remember exactly where. 5 … the elephant is eating something from their hand.

rite down two of your partner’s W ideas from Ex 5. Do you think they are true? Why or why not?

Sofia She always went to Nairobi, but I

the elephants. Like 4 … vet. Do you remember where your mum went to in Kenya?

3 Jess … it’s someone who works with

6 Key Competencies

WRITING

An opinion post about a mystery

1 Read the post. What was the San Miguel? What makes it unusual? HOME | ADVENTURES | MYSTERIES

by Freya Silver

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Where is the San Miguel?

In 1715, Spain was having money problems. So the King’s solution was to get gold and silver from the New World. In July, a group of ships began the return journey from Cuba to Spain with the treasure. They carefully planned the journey. Many ships travelled together to stop pirate attacks. The San Miguel was a smaller, faster and stronger ship. It had most of the gold and silver in case of pirate attacks or hurricanes. But that couldn’t save it! A hurricane hit one week after the ships left Cuba. The other ships sank and the San Miguel went missing. The Spanish looked for the San Miguel for years. They found some things from the other ships, but they never found the San Miguel. I doubt that they gave up quickly, though. I mean, they

Put the sentences in the correct order. A A hurricane hit. B

The Spanish stopped searching for the San Miguel.

The Spanish found some things from the other ships that sank.

D The ships were in Cuba. E

The ships started their journey to Spain.

The King of Spain needed money. 1

Complete the Useful language with phrases from the post. Listen and check.

mystery of the lost Crown Jewels. Use the Useful language.

• On 12 October 1216, while King John of England was escaping from his enemies, he tried to cross the Wash, a bay in England. • The sea was very rough that day, and powerful waves sank many ships that carried food, valuable items and the Crown Jewels. • Many people have searched for the Crown Jewels. Some people think they might not be in the water.

5 Write your opinion post. Use your notes from Ex 5.

Remember to:

Use the Useful language. Use modals of speculation. Use the past simple and the present perfect

…,

Share your opinion.

To explain something in other words:

…

4 Plan an opinion post. Write notes about the

To introduce something you don’t believe: 2

Perhaps the Spanish lied about the treasure on the San Miguel. Maybe they just wanted people to think they were rich. In my opinion, this idea is also unlikely, but you never know!

Speculating

I don’t think …

Maybe the sailors on the San Miguel saw their chance to escape. Perhaps they escaped the bad weather with the gold and silver. Then again, if they went to another country, I think we would know about it today. So this idea seems unlikely.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

I think it’s likely that the ships saw the hurricane coming. The San Miguel probably went faster and tried to get away from it. So the ship could be in a different part of the ocean. People have looked for hundreds of years, but the ocean is huge and very deep. They might not be looking in the right place.

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needed the money, and the gold and silver on the San Miguel would be worth over one and a half billion pounds today!

To give your opinion: 4

…,

…

To consider a different opinion: 6

…,

6 PAIRWORK Read your partner’s post. Do you agree with their opinion? I don’t agree with your opinion. I think it’s unlikely that ...

Workbook p.19

CULTURE

Geographical mysteries around the world

The mystery of the stones

CULTURE VIDEO

Have you ever heard of Stonehenge? This stone circle on Salisbury Plain, in southern England, is about 5,000 years old and is a place of great mystery to us. Why did people build it? And how did they move such heavy stones?

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Some of the smaller stones they used to build the site came from the southwest part of Wales, over 200 kilometres away! The largest of these ‘bluestones’ weighed over 4,000 kilograms. It seems impossible in our fast-moving world of planes, trains and cars that people moved these heavy stones without advanced machines, but they did. Experts believe they used sleds to do it.

a sled

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Archaeologists, who study history by looking for objects in the ground, say that people built Stonehenge around the time the ancient Egyptians put up the Great Pyramid of Giza. This was in the Neolithic period – the name used in Europe, Asia and Africa for the last part of the Stone Age. At that time, people had only simple tools to move earth, cut food and make things. In the Neolithic period, people around Europe built monuments for special ceremonies. Stonehenge was one of these monuments.

Watch the video. Which places do you see? A Gobekli Tepe, Turkey B

The Nazca Lines, Peru

Skara Brae, Scotland

D The Pyramids, Egypt

archaeologist

Abu Simbel, Egypt

Machu Picchu, Peru

archeologist

2 PAIRWORK Look at the pictures. What do you know about this place?

Read the text and check your answer to Ex 2.

T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn’t say). Correct the false sentences. 1

We still have many questions to answer about Stonehenge.

Stonehenge is one of many monuments of the Stone Age.

cemetery monuments Pyramid reason seasons stone circle time

Stonehenge is the oldest monument of the Stone Age.

Only ten stones came from Wales.

Stonehenge is a stone circle in Salisbury, England.

The Great … of Giza was built at the same time as Stonehenge.

When they moved Stonehenge to a new position, they used much smaller stones from the local area.

You could find … like Stonehenge in different countries in Europe.

Surprisingly, they didn’t need many people to move the sarsen stones.

Stonehenge was first a … .

It’s possible that Stonehenge was used to give information about … and the … .

We know for sure that people were buried at Stonehenge.

We don’t know the … why Stonehenge was important to ancient Britons.

with the words in the box.

4 Read the text again. Complete the sentences

5 Read the text again. Are the sentences

2 Stonehenge’s new site was only a few kilometres away from the original one and it used much Portrait 4 called ‘sarsen’ larger stones stones. These stones stood up to seven metres tall. A few years ago, archaeologists discovered that these stones came from 25 kilometres north of the site. Experts think it took at least 1,000 people to move them into the shape that we see today.

Stonehenge at sunrise

Ca At first, Stonehenge was a cemetery. But a few hundred years later, they moved the stones to a new site and placed them in the position they are in today. This new site was now a place for marking the position of the sun. On 21 June, the longest day of the year, the sun comes up over the Heel Stone – the stone that sits outside the centre circle. On 21 December, the shortest day of the year, the sun sets over this same stone. It is for this reason that many experts think that Stonehenge was a type of calendar for ancient Britons. It’s possible that it helped them to keep track of time and the seasons.

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The truth is, we can’t say for sure what Stonehenge was for. We know that it was once a cemetery and that it was probably connected to the sun as well. But we might never know the real reason why they built it and its importance to people thousands of years ago.

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Stonehenge at sunset

6 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions.

Sustainable Development

Why are people so interested in places like Stonehenge?

Have you ever visited a place of mystery in your country? Where is it? What do you know about it?

In the future, which places in today’s world do you think people will admire? Why?

I think these places are interesting because there is so much we don’t know about them – they’re a mystery!

GOAL 12 RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTIONS The materials we use for construction and industry often last for thousands of years after the people who produced them have gone.

How can we limit the impact that these materials have on the natural environment? Which materials should we use more and which should we use less?

In the future, I think people will think our cities are amazing.

Activity card: Knowledge

DISCUSS

IATION

N M

IO AT

PLAN

ME D

step

Present your findings to the class. Listen to your classmates’ presentations. Which do you find the most interesting or mysterious?

DIAT I

IATION

step

Make a poster about a geographical mystery.

EXTEND

Talk about the different mysteries that you have seen in this unit. Which do you find the most interesting? What other DIATION mysteries Egeographical do you know about?

step

MINI PROJECT

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Choose one mystery to focus on. Do some research into the unanswered questions that it provokes and the different theories that experts have about it.

UNIT 2: FAST FINISHER 1

Put the letters in the correct order to make words. Match the words with the pictures A–H. A

figure F

jeotcb

rktci

hpsea

lmesl

eraectru

urfgie

txeper

gemina

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2 Complete the sentences with so or such and the correct form of the words in brackets. The Great Wall of China is … (enormous) we can see it from Space.

They built the temple … (bad) it collapsed after a few decades.

Stonehenge is … (mystery / great) people still don’t know exactly what its use was.

They decorated the palace … (beautiful) it still inspires artists today.

The Nazca lines are … (impressive) thousands of people visit them every year.

The Loch Ness monster is … (famous / story) people know about it on the other side of the world.

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3 Copy the table and write the negative form of the words in the box in the correct column. able

believable credible

im-

expected likely

pleasant possible

in-

visible

un-

unable

4 Complete the sentences with the modals in the box and the verbs in brackets. can’t

might

Benjamin’s mum says she has to work late on his birthday. It’s 3.00 pm as Benjamin rides his bike home with his friend Jorge. Benjamin tells Jorge, ‘My mum can't be (be) home yet. She’s still at the office.’

He calls his dad, but he doesn’t answer. Benjamin tells Jorge, ‘My dad … (have) his phone with him. He sometimes leaves it at home.’

Benjamin and Jorge arrive at Benjamin’s house, but there are no cars and the front door is locked. Benjamin tells Jorge, ‘My dad and brothers … (be) home.’

Benjamin opens the front door. All his family and friends start singing ‘Happy Birthday’ to him. Jorge tells Benjamin, ‘You … (be) surprised to see everyone here!’

Games & Spin the Wheel

Unit 2 Worksheets

Videos

Learning Situation: Culture Project

Benjamin doesn’t know what to expect for his birthday. Benjamin says, ‘My parents … (buy) me a new bike. I’m not sure.’

Digital Practice

Interactive eBook

may not must

can’t

DIGITAL T OLKIT

REVIEW 1 PAIRWORK Choose one of the geographical mysteries A–D. Then find out the information below. •

what it is, where it is and when it was built

•

a mystery about the site

•

some interesting facts about the site

•

your opinion about this mystery

Ca Stone spheres, Costa Rica

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Angkor Wat, Cambodia

2 Work with a different partner.

Share what you learned in Ex 1. Did you know that the Great Sphinx’s nose was one metre wide?

Which story will be on TV?

6 How do you feel sharing your past experiences? Select a number and explain your choice.

mysteries in English? Select the number that is true for you. Discuss with a partner.

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Self-assessment

6 = I feel very confident doing this.

4 PAIRWORK Read the situation and role play the interview.

Student A

Yesterday, you were having a normal day. Then you accidentally made an incredible discovery! A big news channel will interview you about your discovery tomorrow. Write notes about these things:

7 Choose one of these ways to practise English outside of class and try it! •

Tell a friend about a past experience.

•

Think of an old place or monument near you. Write a visitor information brochure about it in English.

•

Talk to a family member about an experience they had when they were your age. Record the conversation as a podcast.

You are a journalist interviewing a student who made an amazing discovery by accident. Ask questions to find out lots of interesting information for your story. Write questions to find out:

Student B

what you discovered w hat you had planned to do how you made the discovery what you did next.

• • • •

6 = I feel very confident doing this.

1 = I need more time to practise.

Self-assessment 1

your own idea ...

5 Change roles and repeat the role play.

3 PAIRWORK How do you feel talking about

The Great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt

• what they discovered • what the student had planned to do • how they made the discovery • what they did next.

Let’s te a r b e l ce

UNIT

Using defining and non-defining relative clauses Understanding texts and conversations about celebrations Explaining what something is Writing an email about an unusual experience Learning about New Year’s celebrations around the world

CLIL

Talking about celebrations and weddings

Learning Situation Research and present a traditional celebration from a different country.

id br

Grammar Gym

Unit aims

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U se ss

1 Look at the picture. What might they be

celebrating? What celebrations in your country involve a particular food? Watch the video and answer. Did Robbie enjoy the Battle of the Oranges? How do you know?

What is the reason for the celebration?

Why aren’t people worried about wasting oranges? Get on it!

VOCABULARY 1

Celebrations

Match the words 1–9 with the pictures A–I. Then listen and check. annual

decorate

custom

celebration

fireworks

(special) occasion

costumes

parade

atmosphere

Vocabulary Plus

id br

p.124

Ca F

ge U

Let me tell you about the Pirates Week festival! It’s an 1 annual / occasion celebration in the Cayman Islands, which is where I live. The 2 atmosphere / air is very exciting. The strangest 3 costume / custom happens on the first day of the festival: two pirate ships come into the harbour, and people dressed as pirates capture the governor! I don’t normally like wearing 4 fireworks / costumes, but this week is a special 5 occasion / decoration. I love pirates! And it’s so much fun!

Pirates Week

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Select the correct answers to complete the description of Pirates Week. Then listen and check.

330

Match 1–6 with A–F to make sentences about Pirates Week. 1

Every November, the relaxing beach culture of the Cayman Islands turns

A fireworks light up the night sky.

Store owners decorate their windows

pirate costume competition.

2 3

On the first day, many people wait in the streets for the

with pirate-themed objects and balloons.

On the first night, people enjoy watching

Children love to dress up for the

into a festive and exciting atmosphere.

Over the last 40 years, Pirates Week

Welcome Parade to start.

What is a unique custom that’s part of the celebration?

How do people decorate their town and/or their homes?

What kind of costumes might you see during the celebration?

What other activities happen? Think of fireworks, parades or specific foods that are eaten.

This is an annual celebration that’s celebrated everywhere here in the United Kingdom. It’s always on 31 October. It is a custom to put candles in pumpkins ...

Finished? p.42

Is it an annual celebration? If not, how often does it happen?

What is the special occasion?

PAIRWORK Describe your celebration using your notes from Ex 4, but don’t say the name. Can your partner guess the celebration?

Think about a traditional celebration in your country and answer the questions. Write notes.

celebration.

D has become the community’s largest

Workbook p.22

READING 1

Look at the title and pictures. What is the article about? Can you think of any similar celebrations?

The Chiang Mai Flower Festival

by Max Peterson

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Tourists who travel to Chiang Mai in Thailand in early February will smell the flowers before they see them. For one fantastic weekend, an unbelievable number of flowers decorate the city that is known as the ‘Rose of the North’. The people who live in this city take their customs very seriously. Every year, Chiang Mai has several festivals. Some of them have been part of the local culture for centuries. The flower festival has been an annual custom since the 1970s. It is a famous celebration that brings people from all over the world. It celebrates the end of the cool season, when all the new flowers appear. I visited on the first weekend of February and enjoyed all three days of this exciting festival atmosphere.

People create incredible flower displays everywhere in the city. These displays show respect for the ancient floral art of the people of the Lanna Kingdom who built Chiang Mai in 1296. Visitors will love seeing the ruins of the city walls, which are over 700 years old. They built these walls to protect the city of Chiang Mai.

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Flowers are one of the most important businesses in this part of Thailand. People from Chiang Mai take the phrase ‘flower power’ to another level. I especially love the incredible orchids that you can see in local orchid farms. You can book tours to the farms, where you can buy an orchid and help a local business owner. You can get some great pictures on a tour, too!

On the first day, I recommend going to Suan Buak Haad Public Park, where you will find flower displays, flower contests and cultural performances. But that’s just the beginning! All over the city, people decorate their streets, homes and stores with beautiful flowers and plants.

a float at Saturday’s parade

You must not miss the parade on Saturday when people dress in traditional costumes. They sing and dance on floats decorated with flowers and plants. The floats were my favourite part of the festival. I can’t imagine how much time people spent on them! Don’t forget the ceremony in the park on Saturday evening. Find out which float wins the contest and who is the ‘Queen of the Festival’. A lot of delicious local food is also available. You must try the mango sticky rice! The Chiang Mai Flower Festival offers history, culture, great food and incredible colours and smells. This year was my first visit, but it definitely won’t be my last!

Read the article. Select the correct answers.

Tourists can see the city’s history by visiting the parade / city walls / flower contests.

The author’s favourite part of the festival is the singing and dancing / orchids / parade floats.

You can see flower displays in the public park / at the parade / everywhere during the festival.

3 Read the article again. Find three reasons why people celebrate the Chiang Mai Flower Festival.

Sustainable Development

GOAL 15 LIFE ON LAND

Events like the Chiang Mai Flower Festival celebrate biodiversity. However, South East Asia is expected to lose almost half of its biodiversity over the course of the century. What examples of loss of biodiversity – like the disappearance of plants or animals – can you see in your country? How can we raise awareness of this issue? Activity card: Transformation

Workbook p.26

Some countries have pumpkin festivals to celebrate the start of autumn.

The festival lasts two / three / four days.

around the world in other seasons of the year? Which sound the most interesting? Why? Discuss with a partner.

The author has been once / has never been / has been several times to the Chiang Mai Flower Festival.

4 PAIRWORK What celebrations take place

an orchid farm in Chiang Mai

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Defining relative clauses

Read the conversation. Which words do the underlined parts describe? Grammar review

Mark Look at this cool picture that Kara posted. Remember Kara?

She’s the girl 1 who sat in the front row in history class last year.

Anita Yes, she was the one 2 that our teacher asked to give

a presentation on Portugal. She was the only student whose family lived in Portugal.

Mark Well, she went to a famous Portuguese festival

which celebrates masks.

p.118

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Anita It looks fun! Is Lisbon the city 5 where the festival takes place? Mark Yeah, it’s called the Iberian Mask Festival.

The masks 6 that people wear are really cool!

ge ni

That’s the man who / that danced in the carnival celebrations last year.

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Is Pablo the student whose parents help to organise the celebrations every year?

which / that give more information about a thing

who / that / whose give more information about a person

Defining relative clauses

It’s a big procession which / that goes through the middle of the town.

where gives more information This is the neighbourhood where the festival happens. about a place

Read the sentences. Decide if they make sense if you remove the word in bold. Write yes or no. I liked the costumes that people wore in the festival.

Last year I met some of the people who perform in the festival.

I remember the people who I met in the celebrations last year.

I’ve never seen the procession that happens in April.

I’ll never forget the food that we ate to celebrate the new year.

Do you remember the teacher whose son was a famous singer?

yes

She’s the girl which sat in the front row. She’s the girl who / that sat in the front row.

COMMON ERRORS

Match 1–5 with A–E to make sentences about a wedding. My dad received a call from his sister

A that we receive the wedding invitation.

She told him she’s going to marry a man

where they are going to get married.

She invited our family to the German town

who rent out a castle for weddings.

My aunt said she met two brothers

D she met in Germany.

We’ll find out more details on the day

whose job includes a lot of travel.

Complete the sentences so they are true for you. Then compare with a partner. 1

I’ve never met anyone …

I’d like to go to a wedding …

I’d like to travel to a country …

I’ve never met anyone who has been to the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro.

Finished? p.42

Workbook p.23

37 35

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Weddings

Look at the pictures and write the wedding words. Then listen and check. bride

ceremony

groom guests

honeymoon

marriage

reception wedding

wedding

id br

ge U

Select the correct answers to complete the wedding announcement.

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ni Co

Last Saturday, the 1 bride / guest / groom, Ms Lorraine Bovard, said ‘I do’ to her 2 bride / guest / groom, Mr Carter Simpson. The 3 wedding / marriage /honeymoon was held at the Rose Court Garden at Disneyland Paris. Over 200 4 guests / brides / grooms enjoyed absolutely delicious seafood and refreshments at the beautiful 5 honeymoon / reception / marriage that followed the outdoor 6 ceremony / honeymoon / marriage. It was a very special day. The couple leave this Friday for their 7 marriage / honeymoon / reception in Kenya. Congratulations!

3 1

The Romani people moved to India a thousand years ago. F

The Romani now live in other parts of the world, too.

Romani weddings usually last two days.

It is the parents who organise a Romani wedding.

Mila wants her parents to organise her wedding.

Guests dancing at a Romani wedding

Listen again. Copy and complete the table.

the groom's parents

Who pays for the wedding

UK traditions

Romani traditions

Listen to the conversation. Are the sentences T (true) or F (false)?

The morning of the wedding Wedding colours Guest seating at the reception

PAIRWORK How are Romani and British weddings similar to or different from weddings in your culture? Discuss with a partner.

Finished? p.42

Workbook p.24

In Spain, the custom is for the bride’s family to pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family pay for the honeymoon.

GRAMMAR T

OLKIT

Non-defining relative clauses; Modifiers

Ambleforth Manor Hotel

Grammar review

Look at the underlined words in the advert. Match the descriptive clauses A–E with sentences 1–5. A which can sleep up to 80 people

which has just reopened

Our hotel has 20 bedrooms, … .

absolutely beautiful

Our chef François, … , has created

place in nature

menu options for every occasion.

to celebrate a special

id br

whose restaurant in Paris is world-famous

We want our guests, … , to feel at

home when they sit down to eat.

Manor, C , is the

occasion? 1 Ambleforth

Tours are offered to the Chiltern

Hills National Park, … !

GRAMMAR

GYM

VIDEO

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COMMON ERRORS

which for things

Non-defining relative clauses who / whose for people

p.118, p.119

looking for an

perfect choice!

which is a really great place to see nature

D who come from all over the world

About the hotel

Are you

My brother, who always loves weddings, is having a really great time. My aunt, whose son is getting married, helped to organise the celebrations. Our hotel, which is extremely nice, offers tours of the town.

We celebrated Grandpa’s birthday at Ambleforth Manor, that is beautiful.

We celebrated Grandpa’s birthday at Ambleforth Manor, which is beautiful.

Rewrite the information in one sentence. Use non-defining relative clauses. 1

On holiday, we went to the Pyrenees. They’re located on the border of Spain and France.

On holiday, we went to the Pyrenees, which are located on the border of Spain and France. 2

The Pyrenees mountain range is 500 km long. It has nearly 20,000 mountains.

We hired a local tour guide. His company is called ‘Pyrenees Breeze’.

My husband was impressed by Aneto, the highest mountain. He is scared of heights.

Modifiers

absolutely / totally / really

Weddings in my country can be pretty tiring!

quite / fairly / pretty / very / extremely

a bit / a little

This hotel is a little more expensive than the other one, but it’s a lot nicer.

The wedding customs here are absolutely fascinating.

a lot / far

Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use relative clauses and modifiers. Compare your answers with a partner. 1

They will go on their honeymoon to Switzerland, which …

She is listening to music by Taylor Swift, who …

Romani weddings last three days, which ...

After the ceremony, there is usually a reception, which ...

There are often hundreds of guests, who ... , at weddings in my country.

They will go on their honeymoon to Switzerland, which is a very beautiful country.

Finished? p.42

Workbook p.25

SPEAKING 1

Explaining what something is

Look at the pictures. What do you think Adam and his mum are talking about? Listen and check. A modern hotels they have visited

the best way to travel around a city

Adam’s experience in Japan

thing in your country that may seem unusual to people from other cultures. Copy the table and complete it in with your notes. How can I explain it?

4 PAIRWORK Think of a place, custom and

Place

Custom

id br

Thing

5 Key Competencies

Listen again. Put the pictures A–D in the order you hear them. A

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AIRWORK Take turns to explain P your ideas from Ex 4. Use the Useful language. Your partner asks questions. It’s a place where you can see monkeys in the middle of the city ...

Read the phrases in the Useful language. Copy the table and put the phrases in the correct columns. Then listen and check.

hoose three new words from this C unit. Use the Useful language to explain them to your partner.

uess the words your partner G explains to you. It’s a kind of party that people have after a wedding ceremony. A reception!

USEFUL LANGUAGE

This is something that … It’s like …

You use it to …

p.131 Pronunciation

It’s a kind of … Useful for any topic 1

It's like ...

Describes a thing 2

Describes an action

…

Describes a place 6

…

It’s a place where …

People do this when …

WRITING

An email about an unusual experience

1 Read the email. What is the main topic? A saving the oceans

From: David

Vivid Sydney festival

electronic dance music

To: Alice

2 Read the email again. Are the sentences

T (true) or F (false)?

David and his parents went to the festival several times.

Alice likes electronic music.

3 4

David was disappointed by the walking tour. Vivid Sydney had an event about air pollution.

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The cost of the festival surprised David.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Believe it or not, 1 we went to the festival every night. It may sound strange, but 2 … . I was 3 … that … ! I found the 4 … really … .

The most unusual part was the 5 … .

4 Key Competencies 1

The festival had so many great events. I found the walking tour really interesting. The most unusual part was the old train station. We climbed down stairs and walked through eight underground rooms, each with different lights and sounds. It may sound strange, but each room made me feel different. You would have loved the one with pink lights and electronic dance music! Some events were about the ocean. I liked one called ‘The Last Ocean’, which was about Antarctica. There was art made of plastic from the ocean. It looked like a huge piece of ice! There was also an event that presented new ideas to help marine plants and animals. I liked Australia, and I really liked Sydney. It’s a very pretty city, and the people are friendly, too. But I loved Vivid! I ate delicious food and learned a lot. And I was surprised that all the events were free! How was your trip? Send some pictures! I’m sending you two pics – Sydney Harbour and the University of Sydney all lit up. See you soon, David

hink of a celebration where T you had an unusual experience. Write notes in your notebook. Then number the ideas 1–4 in the best order to write about your experience. the decoration:

•

reason for the celebration:

•

the most unusual or surprising part:

I will write about the reason for the celebration first because...

unusual experience. Use your notes from Ex 4.

Remember to:

AIRWORK Compare your ideas P with your partner. Explain the order you chose.

5 Write an email to a friend describing your

•

your favourite part:

•

I’m at Sydney Airport! We’re waiting to go home. We were here at the same time as Vivid Sydney. It was amazing but totally unexpected. Vivid Sydney is a festival that has lights, art and new ideas. There were amazing light displays on major buildings like the Opera House and on Sydney Harbour Bridge. It was spectacular! Believe it or not, we went to the festival every night. My parents, who enjoy trying new foods, loved all the food markets.

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Complete the Useful language with phrases from David’s email. Listen and check.

Hi, Alice

Use the Useful language to describe your experience. Have one main idea in each paragraph. Describe the celebration first of all. Use defining and non-defining relative clauses.

Workbook p.27

CLIL

Human sciences

CLIL VIDEO

New Year around the world!

In different cultures around the world, people often perform rituals to celebrate the start of the new year. In some cases, these rituals are shared between different cultures, but in many societies, they are unique.

Ca id br

Keiko from Japan

Palesa from South Africa

Pedro from Spain

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In Spain, before New Year’s Eve, all the supermarkets sell lots of grapes, which are sometimes put in plastic glasses. At midnight on New Year’s Eve, we try to eat one grape for every chime of the clock. It is good luck to finish all 12 grapes before the clock finishes the 12 chimes, but it can be hard to eat them so quickly!

Hillbrow, the neighbourhood in Johannesburg where I live, is famous for a special custom that local people do for New Year. This tradition, which started in the 1990s, is to throw your old furniture out of the window! People used to throw all sorts of things out of their windows, like tables, microwaves or chairs, as a way to get rid of their old things so they could get new things for a new year. I think it’s fun but a bit dangerous. Sometimes people got hurt, so now people do it less and throw out less dangerous stuff!

New Year in Japan is normally spent with family. We clean and decorate our homes and lots of people also visit temples. Soba noodles, which are long noodles, are the traditional food to eat at this time of year. They are thought to be a symbol of a long life because they are long. But they also break easily, which represents a clean break with the old year.

1 Match 1–5 with A–E to make phrases.

celebrate

A fireworks

set off

have

make

D at home

stay up

a party

Which word means a large fire? bonfire

resolutions

Which word is something you can eat?

until midnight

Which phrase is something you do with rubbish?

Which word is a noise a clock makes?

Which word means something special or different?

Which word is a sign or object that represents something else?

Which word is a type of building?

Which word means ‘dried parts of plants used as food for animals’?

Watch the video. Check your answers to Ex 1.

the questions. Some questions have more than one answer. 1

Who says New Year is their favourite time of year?

Who doesn’t really like the New Year tradition where they live?

Who lives in a community where they make a bonfire?

Who thinks about their wishes for the new year while celebrating?

Who normally celebrates at home?

Who says food is important at New Year where they live?

Who wears something special for New Year?

Who has a New Year tradition related to having a new start for a new year?

Who does something for luck on New Year’s Eve?

Who says their New Year custom doesn’t happen as often now?

Look at the pictures. What New Year traditions do you think they show? Read the article and check.

6 Read the article again. Write the correct names to answer

and your family and friends normally celebrate New Year? Use the phrases from Ex 1.

3 PAIRWORK How do you

and phrases in blue.

5 Read the article again. Answer the questions with the words

3 Benedita from Brazil Where I live, in Rio de Janeiro, we like to go to the beach for a big New Year’s Eve celebration with fireworks, music and dancing! Everyone wears white because we believe it will bring us peace in the new year. There is one custom that I love – after midnight, we jump over seven waves and make a wish every time we jump. New Year is the time of year that I enjoy the most!

Arjun from India

id br

In the days leading up to New Year in Goa, all the young people help to make an ‘old man’ out of straw, old clothes and paper. We then sit the ‘old man’ in a chair in the middle of our parties. When it’s midnight, we set it on fire! It represents all the bad or sad things that happened in the past year so we can start the new year with only positive thoughts. The bonfire always creates a great atmosphere, too!

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U 7 GROUP WORK Discuss the questions.

Sustainable Development

Which of the traditions in the text would you like to try? Why?

Which wouldn’t you like to try? Why not?

What is your favourite New Year custom from your culture?

GOAL 12 RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION

AND PRODUCTION Celebrations are important parts of our cultures, but they can be times of great waste. We consume (and dispose of) decorations, gifts and food in very large quantities and in a way that is not always sustainable.

I would like to go to the beach and jump the waves. I think that’d be beautiful.

Do you consume responsibly during celebrations? How could you improve?

I don’t want to throw my furniture out of the window. That sounds a bit dangerous, and I need my furniture!

Activity card: Knowledge

DISCUSS step

N M

IATION

IO AT

ME D

PLAN

step

Present your celebration to the class. Listen to your classmates’ presentations. What is the most interesting fact that you didn’t know before?

DIAT I

step

IATION

EXTEND

Research and present a traditional celebration from a different country.

How are different occasions celebrated in your country? Are there specific things that people eat and rituals T I ON IAthey that follow? Are ED celebrations different in one part of the country from another? step

MINI PROJECT

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Choose one of the celebrations and research how its traditions have developed over time. Consider why different practices have been adopted.

UNIT 3: FAST FINISHER 1 Answer the questions. 1

When do people usually dress up in costumes in your culture?

What is one custom in your family or country that you don’t like?

Would you rather see fireworks or go to a parade? Why?

2 Complete the conversation with who, which or that. Put an ✗ when a pronoun isn’t necessary. A Did you go to the international food festival 1 that started in town last weekend?

I think you’re the one 2 … told me about it.

B Yes, it was me! I went last Sunday. I went to the Japanese stall and tried the sushi

… the stallholder suggested. It was interesting – not my favourite, but it wasn’t bad.

id br

A I went on Saturday. I tried the breakfast pizza 4 … has apples on it! It was surprisingly good!

Were there a lot of people there on Sunday?

B Yes. There was a stage 5 … had bands playing from around the world. It was cool!

Was it busy on Saturday?

A No, but I went at a time 6 … no one is usually there – right when it opened at 10.30!

B That explains why you ordered the breakfast pizza!

3 Put the letters in the correct order to make

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words about weddings. Then match them with the correct definition. ebird egramira morog onomhynoe tpnoiecer tsegu ymneroec 1

a set of traditional acts that are performed on a special day ceremony

a holiday a couple takes after they get married

a man on his wedding day

a person who attends a social event

a legal relationship between two people

a woman on her wedding day

a formal wedding celebration

4 Correct the errors. 1

Juliana, which bike was stolen, now walks to school.

Rio de Janeiro, whose used to be the capital, is the second-largest city in Brazil.

Videos

Learning Situation: CLIL Project

Games & Spin the Wheel

Unit 3 Worksheets

Last night’s fireworks show, who started at 9.00 pm, was incredible.

Digital Practice

My neighbour Laura, which speaks four languages, is now studying Korean.

Interactive eBook

DIGITAL T OLKIT

which

The costumes in yesterday’s parade, that were made by my neighbours, took a long time to make.

LEARNING TO LEARN

Listening and reading outside the classroom

1 GROUP WORK Look at the list of things you can listen to or read in English. Add more ideas to the list. a menu

a podcast

songs store signs

2 GROUP WORK Look at your list from Ex 1. Which three things do you enjoy listening

to or reading in English the most? Why? Discuss in your group.

Listen to three people talking about things they do to improve their English. Match the names in the box with pictures 1–3.

id br

Anika

Ruhi

Mia

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U Listen again. Copy and complete the table for Anika, Mia and Ruhi. Name

Which skill are they working on? What are they reading / listening to? Why do they do the activity? What challenge did they encounter? How did they overcome the challenge?

Anika

Ruhi

You

listening

yoga lessons

books

for fun

finding good podcasts

watching with English subtitles

Education doesn’t end when you leave the school building. What things can you learn outside of school that are useful for your future? Make a list of six ideas or more.

I look for the lyrics of the music I listen to.

Learning outside the classroom

improve your listening or reading skills outside the classroom. Your partner listens and gives more ideas for how you can improve.

6 PAIRWORK Share what you’re doing to

LEARNING TO LEARN TIPS

5 Write notes that are true for you in the last column of the table.

Mia

That’s a great idea. I think you could also ...

Unit aims

d o o g A story

UNIT

Talking about stories and characters Using the present, past and future simple passive and the present modal passive Understanding online culture listings and a book review Giving and responding to recommendations Learning about puppets in storytelling

Writing a book review

id br Culture

For Real

Learning Situation Create and tell a story.

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U se

1 Look at the picture. Do you prefer

reading stories or watching films? What's your favourite childhood story?

What stories do Charlie, Sarah and Jake talk about? Have you heard the stories?

What is the message of The Tortoise and the Hare?

Where did Charlie, Sarah and Jake first hear the stories?

Get on it!

Watch the video and answer.

VOCABULARY 1

Stories

Select the correct answers to complete the web page. Then listen and check.

id br

Our 1 author / fiction of the month is the Brazilian writer, Jorge Amado. We have a selection of his best 2 non-fiction / fiction, from crime and adventure to horror and humour. Our personal favourite is Captain of the Sands. We also have copies of his 3 biography / fantasy novel, which tells the story of his extraordinary life.

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An Inspector Summers novel

My Door Is Always Open is a 9 romantic / crime novel with a difference. Will Jack and April find love? Carl has other ideas ...

The Dragon Who Was Scared of the Dark is a wonderful 4 romantic / fantasy novel for children (and adults!), while older 5 science-fiction / biography lovers will love Mars 2250. The sixth Galaxy Explorers novel is also out now. It is the scariest yet, and there are plans to make a 6 horror / comedy film based on the series.

PERFECT LIES

p.125

BOOKS in the CITY

If you like 7 crime / comic novels, the new Inspector Summers book is finally here! Perfect Lies is a full-on 8 romantic novel / thriller, with explosions, car chases and a plan to take over the world! Can Anna Summers stop the criminals?

Vocabulary Plus

Don’t forget to check out our 10 biography / non-fiction section for the best books on travel, nature, science and art.

Listen to the quiz. Match the descriptions you hear (A–F) with the words 1–6. 1

author

fantasy

non-fiction

biography

horror story A

crime novel

Complete the posts with the words in the box. romantic

science fiction

thrillers

droid4.0

at 2.45 says:

No way! Science fiction is great! It’s cool to imagine different worlds. Science fiction is much better than 6 … films. Two people love each other; then they argue; then they’re in love again … boring!

PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. 1

Do you prefer fiction or non-fiction books? Why?

Robin thinks you only need the internet to learn facts. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Which famous person’s biography would you like to read and why?

onlythefacts I disagree about non-fiction because there’s a lot of information at 12.19 says: that’s not true on the internet!

I don’t really like reading 1 non-fiction books. Why read a book when you can find all the facts you need on the internet? 2 … books are my thing. When an author says, ‘It was a cold, dark night’ I imagine what the character can see, hear and feel. I especially love reading 3 … novels. I know that monsters and vampires aren’t real, but when I read about them, I’m scared … but in a fun way! I also love watching films but not all types. I can’t stand 4 … because to me they’re all the same. They’re all about spaceships and ‘galaxies far, far away’. Ugh! In my opinion, 5 … are the best films. There’s a lot of quick action and I love the suspense.

Today at 2.09

non-fiction

Robin, 15

fiction

fantasy

I prefer fiction. I like reading creative stories.

Finished? p.54

Workbook p.30

READING 1 Read the title and first paragraph.

Why did the author write the web page?

Read the web page. Complete the text with the sentences A–E. Then listen and check.

A to tell a story B

to give recommendations

to give a warning

What's out? ge

id br

by Tom Alves Hey there! There are so many good films and books coming out this week that I could hardly choose which ones to include in my list! 1 … Here are a few things to do and see, and if you want to find more, click here.

Nina’s Disastrous Dates

Talks at the Town Hall

herself.

They say that it might be made into a film!

There will be talks by seven artists, actors and authors.

D On top of that, the town hall is holding

its annual series of talks this week.

Click here for a chance to win!

3 Read the web page again. Are the sentences T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn't say)? 1

It was difficult for Tom to choose what to include. T

Tom tells readers the ending of Nina’s Disastrous Dates.

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If you loved the romantic novel, you’ll be pleased to hear that the film will be released on Friday. I don’t want to give away the ending in case you haven’t read the book, but here’s a summary of the plot. It’s the story of Nina, a vegan architect who wants to find that special someone, but who doesn’t have much luck. From Steve, who takes her to a seafood restaurant, to Jake, who doesn’t even show up, Nina just can’t meet the kind of guy she’s into. 2 … It’s then that Kai, a barbecue-obsessed gamer, crashes into her life. Will they have anything in common? It’s a classic rom-com for anyone who is a bit of a romantic and likes to have a good laugh. The first screening takes place at the Regent Cinema on Friday at 8 pm, and I have four tickets to give away. 3 …

A She gives up and decides to concentrate on

You’ll probably laugh if you read the book or watch the film.

Steve Tang is going to sign copies of a book he wrote.

The tickets for the event at the town hall are expensive.

Tom liked reading the crime novel.

4 PAIRWORK Imagine you’re organising

the Talks at the Town Hall event in your country. Which three people would you invite as speakers? Why? I would invite Stephen King. I love his horror stories. I would definitely invite ...

Sustainable Development

GOAL 5 QUALITY EDUCATION

Workbook p.34

Talk about books you’ve read and films you’ve seen that taught you something you didn’t know about before your country? Activity card: Transformation

OK, so I haven’t actually read it yet, but the reviews are great, and I think this novel could be the next big thing. Book reviews explain that Rosie, the main character, is not only an expert detective, but she can also talk to animals! 5 … It has been said by some reviewers that the mix of crime novel and fantasy is unusual, but I can’t wait to buy it when it comes out on Wednesday.

Novels and films are not just important parts of entertainment – they can also serve an educational role. For example, they can be very useful when learning a new language.

Detective Rosie

After its success last year, this event will be even bigger and better this year. 4 … That’s one for every day of the week. They all start at 7 pm and should last about two hours. There will be time for questions, and Isadora O’Neill will sign copies of her best-seller, the biography of actor Steve Tang. You might be surprised to hear that Isadora’s first novel was rejected 17 times! Of course, it’s now a classic. So, if you’ve always wanted to know how to get a book published, make sure you don't miss this event! Tickets are sold directly through the town hall’s website.

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Passive review

Read the blog post and correct the underlined mistakes.

Home

The films

Grammar review

Max’s Film Blog About me

The passive

past

future

These films were made by a famous director.

It will be shown on TV next week.

present

A lot of novels are set in this city.

Audiences aren’t scared by this horror film.

The book wasn’t published in this country.

Some scenes will be filmed in my town.

Is this film based on a book?

Was this book written recently?

Will the cinema be closed for long?

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p.118

id br

My favourite film of the year is called My Summer Holiday. It’s a comedy about a boy who is 1 give a job on a cruise ship and ends up becoming the captain. It will be 2 release on home streaming services soon, so I won’t tell you how it ends. I was 3 tell about My Summer Holiday by my friend who had also seen it and loved it. Now I’m telling all my readers. You won’t regret watching this film!

Select the correct verb phrases to complete the article. HOME | FESTIVALS | NEW RELEASES

COMMON ERRORS

Southsea Film Festival Returns

I watched an old film. It called Star Wars.

Every year one of the country’s biggest cultural events 1 is hold / is held / holds in the small coastal town of Southsea. For a few weeks, the streets 2 are filled / is filled / are full with film lovers keen to see the latest releases at the Southsea Film Festival. Last year, 50 new films 3 were show / showed / were shown and some fascinating talks 4 were given / gave / were giving by some of the biggest names in the world of cinema.

I watched an old film. It was called Star Wars.

They award the Golden Crown to the film that gets the most votes.

Do they organise any other festivals in Southsea?

The organisers cancelled the festival in 2020.

Journalists write hundreds of stories about the festival every year.

They won’t film directors’ workshops this year.

Did a lot of celebrities attend the festival last year?

The Golden Crown is awarded to the film that gets the most votes.

PAIRWORK Tell your partner about your favourite film of the year. Talk about the topics below or your own ideas. Use the passive.

Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

This year, it will be even bigger! The highlight will be A Dangerous Case, the latest film by Gustav Nor which 5 will present / will be presented / will be presenting to audiences for the very first time. And that’s not all! Gustav Nor himself 6 will welcomed / will be welcomed / will be welcoming to Southsea to talk about his life behind the camera.

actors characters location reviews story My film is set in the future. The main character is played by …

Finished? p.54

Workbook p.31

37 47

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Characters

Look at the pictures and write the words. Then listen and check. charming

cheerful

cruel

generous

handsome hero

selfish ugly

villain

Ca id br

charming

ge As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

U 1

Listen again. Select the correct answers.

hoose four words from Ex 1 C and write the definitions. Use a dictionary to help you.

The school is better / worse than before the summer holidays.

The other students are excited / worried.

hich of these pieces of W information can you find in a dictionary?

Flavia tells us her favourite part / how the story ends.

Parker’s / Lewis’s personality changes during the semester.

Ms Collins wants the lockers to stay closed / opened.

how to say the word

information about the grammar of a word

example sentences using the word

the language level of a word

Listen to Flavia’s book review. Match the adjectives 1–4 with the people A–D. 2

shy and polite

maths teacher

handsome

Ms Collins

unkind

D Lewis

Workbook p.32

This person is in a film. They’re brave and they like adventure. They aren’t very cheerful, but ...

Finished? p.54

PAIRWORK Think of a character from a book or film that you like. Do not say their name. Describe them using words from Ex 1. Can your partner guess who it is?

A Hannah

cheerful

Think about Hannah, Parker and Ms Collins. What do you think they are like? Write notes using words from Ex 1.

2 Key Competencies

GRAMMAR T

OLKIT

Modal passive (present)

1 Read the conversation. Find five more

2 Match 1–5 with A–E.

Creating a comic strip

SAM

Do you want to go to the Comedy Club tonight?

1 RYAN

id br

SAM

Really? Well, there are a few rules to follow. Look:

We want everyone to enjoy the show, so mobile phones must be set to silent mode. They don’t have to be turned off, but it’s important that the show must not be interrupted. Also, photos can be taken in the first five minutes only, but flash must not be used. Please respect these rules.

A be made of all your ideas. B they should be given a story. C to be drawn in detail. D can be drawn in different settings. E marked and then drawn larger.

p.118

Oh, maybe! I’ve never been there before.

Your first ideas don’t have 2 Small sketches can 3 Your best sketches should be 4 When you choose your final characters, 5 The final characters

Grammar review

passive verb phrases.

Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.

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Creative Writing Course

Write Your First Crime Story

RYAN

Looks fair enough. I’d like to go! SAM

OK. The website says tickets must be bought online. I’ll reserve them and let you know!

The course 1 can be done (can / do) online or in class.

Stories 2 … (must / write) in English.

Work 3 … (have / complete) on time.

Modal passives

Students 4 … (must / prepare) to present their work to the class.

Tickets must be shown before entering the cinema. Stories have to be told in a clear and entertaining way.

Fees 5 … (not have / pay) immediately.

Questions about course content 6 … (should / send) by email.

This film shouldn’t be shown to young children. The story can’t be explained in a few sentences. It’s very complicated!

saying sentences about the things in the list. Use modal passives.

COMMON ERRORS

•

authors

•

cinemas

•

horror films

•

libraries

The book should read first.

•

science fiction

The book should be read first.

4 PAIRWORK Work in pairs. Take turns

More libraries should be built in this country. Horror films shouldn’t be watched by ...

Finished? p.54

Workbook p.33

Giving and responding to recommendations

SPEAKING

1 Look at the picture. What do you think the teenagers are talking about?

FOR REAL VIDEO

Complete the Useful language with the words in the box. Listen and check. fan for kind really recommendations sounds tip

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Asking for recommendations

id br

I’m looking for (something to 1 … / read). Any 2 … ? Giving recommendations

watch

You should check out …

Listen to the conversation. How do the teenagers feel about each film? Select the correct emoji.

I think you’d 3 … like …

If you’re a 4 … of (science fiction), you’ll love … Responding to recommendations

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

It’s not 5 … me.

It’s not my 6 … of thing.

Thanks for the 7 … . That 8 … perfect … I’ll check it out.

romantic co

true story

5 Read the conversations and select the

m ed y

correct answers. 1

A I’m looking for something to read.

Any recommendations / choice?

B I think you’d very / really like this

science-fiction film.

A Should / Do we watch a film? B OK. I like horror films and thrillers. A Me too! I watched one about a vampire

doctor last night. It was fantastic.

B Thanks for the choice / tip!

science fiction

A If you’re a fan / watcher of crime novels,

you’ll love this book.

Maria wants to watch three films tonight.

Maria reads a review of a biography.

Theresa and Susan already know the story of Karl and Sofia.

Karl loses something important in the film.

None of them has seen Let’s Get Married.

Maria, Theresa and Susan agree to watch the same film.

p.132

6 PAIRWORK Take turns to ask for and give recommendations.

•

film • book • TV show

I’m looking for a film to watch. Any recommendations? If you’re a fan of ...

Pronunciation

Listen again. Are the sentences T (true) or F (false)?

B No, thanks. It’s not for me / you.

WRITING

A book review

1 Look at the pictures from a book review. What do you think the book is about? Read the review to check your answer.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Read and listen to the phrases in the Useful language. Then complete the review with the phrases.

id br

The book is set … It’s about …

The main character is …

The plot is …

This is a book for people who …

It was actually …

It really made me (laugh / cry / think).

I really enjoyed the (part where … / ending).

3 Read the review again and answer the questions. 1

Where does the story happen?

What happens when people eat the burgers at the festival?

Why isn’t Tony good at his job?

What happens to Lisa’s burger?

Is the review positive, negative or neutral?

4 Key Competencies 1

lan a review of a book you have read. P Write notes.

•

from Ex 4.

Remember to:

2 Decide how many paragraphs your

5 Write your book review. Use your notes

•

It was 4 … a very exciting book. I loved the characters, too. The way Blanco describes Tony 5 … me laugh. I really enjoyed the 6 … where the cow eats Lisa’s veggie burger! This is a book 7 … people who want something funny to take with them on holiday. It’s the perfect combination of comedy and thriller.

•

book title setting plot characters my opinion and why

The main 3 … is a 65-year-old man called Tony. He’s so generous that everyone wants to be his friend. He’s creative and intelligent. He also writes crime novels. But he writes too fast. He can’t focus on just one story. He’s such a bad author that nobody reads his books. Except for Prabir and Lisa! They are big fans of his novels, and they go to the festival just to meet him. They hope Tony will sign a copy of one of his novels for them. But when people get ill from eating the burgers, Prabir and Lisa decide to help Tony to solve the mystery.

•

The 2 … is simple. There’s a food festival in the town. Tourists come and have a good time. But on the very first day of the festival, people get ill when they eat the burgers. The people in the town know it isn’t an accident. They want to find out who is responsible and why they are doing it before someone else gets ill.

•

The book is 1 set in a small town in the US. Blanco describes the town really well and helps you to imagine what it’s like.

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It’s not as … as you might think.

I’ve just finished reading I Know How It Happened. It’s a crime novel written by Isabella Blanco. I started reading it when I got on the plane and finished it when I arrived home. It was so good that I couldn’t put it down!

review will have and what information you will include in each.

Use a variety of adjectives.

AIRWORK Compare your plan with P your partner. Have they organised their paragraphs the same way?

Include your opinion and reasons why you feel that way.

Use a variety of tenses.

Organise your review into paragraphs. Use the Useful language.

Workbook p.35

CULTURE Telling stories

CULTURE VIDEO

id br

A world of puppets Co

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Have you ever seen Did you know that puppets have been found in ancient Egypt and that the ancient Greeks wrote about puppets? However, puppets are not just a puppet show? an ancient tradition. They are still a popular way to tell stories today. Or had your own Vietnamese water puppet shows started about 1,000 years ago when puppet? the rice fields in the north of Vietnam flooded. Today, the shows are Then you are part of an ancient tradition across the world!

held in theatres on a pool of water. A puppeteer controls each puppet with long sticks under the water. In Bali, Indonesia, a traditional type of puppet show uses shadows. The puppet show is performed behind a large white cloth, and the shadows are made with candles. Most of the shows tell stories about Hindu heroes and villains, and they sometimes last six hours!

By the 18th century, puppet theatres were so popular that they could be found all over Europe. One of the oldest puppet theatres is in Salzburg, Austria, where wooden puppets on strings have been entertaining children since 1913. The puppets perform operas, plays and music shows.

A more recent form of puppet show is called Lambe Lambe. These puppet shows were started by two Brazilian puppeteers in 1989. They created a small box theatre so that only one person at a time could watch the show. People often use headphones to listen to music while they watch. Different types of puppets might be used in Lambe Lambe shows, from shadow puppets to string puppets. These tiny theatres, with their small puppets, are now found in many cities across South America and Europe.

tell a story? Make a list.

Vietnam

A string puppets

Bali

puppets on water

Austria

very small puppets

Brazil

D shadow puppets

string 4

Read the article. Match the countries 1–4 with the types of puppets A–D.

Watch the video and check your answers to Ex 1. What other ways of telling stories does the video mention?

the article with the pictures 1–6.

You can use puppets to tell stories, e.g., a puppet show.

4 Read the article again. Match the blue words in

1 How many ways can you think of to

4 Puppets are also very popular on TV and in films. The Muppet Show and Sesame Street have used puppets for many years. The winner of the Best Animated Feature Oscar in 2023 was the fantasy film Pinocchio, which was made using puppets.

id br

Puppets have been entertaining adults and children for thousands of years. They provide a powerful way to tell stories, and they continue to be used in new and interesting ways to this day.

5 Read the article again. Are the sentences T (true),

Sustainable Development

F (false) or DS (doesn’t say)? Correct the false sentences.

Water puppet shows in Vietnam started on a pool of water.

Water puppet shows in Vietnam started in flooded rice fields. Balinese shadow puppet shows can last a long time.

There were no puppet shows in Europe until the 18th century.

In the 18th century, there were puppet opera performances.

Lambe Lambe puppet shows can only be seen in Brazil.

People watch Lambe Lambe shows alone.

Puppets can be used to make films.

GOAL 4 SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

In a globalised world, it is necessary that the cultural heritage of countries around the world is protected so that it can be enjoyed by future generations.

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6 GROUP WORK Discuss the questions. 1

Have you seen a puppet show before? Which type?

Which type would you like to see? Why?

What is your favourite way to enjoy a story?

What is your favourite way to tell a story?

What art forms do you think are essential to the cultural heritage of your country? Do you think they are at risk and need to be protected? Why / Why not? Activity card: Transformation

I saw a show with string puppets at the theatre when I was younger. It was very funny.

I love listening to audiobooks, but my favourite way to enjoy a story is probably watching a film.

DISCUSS

IATION

N M

IO AT

ME D

step

Present your art form to the class explaining its history, how it is made and why it is popular. Listen to your classmates’ presentations. Which of the art forms would you most like to experience?

DIAT I

step

EXTEND

IATION

Create and tell a story.

What different types of traditional performance art and storytelling do you know about? Have you seen or IOany heard IATof N that are ED unusual? These could include types of dance, theatre, step PLAN music, etc.

MINI PROJECT

step

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Choose one of these art forms to focus on and do some research into its history and development.

UNIT 4: FAST FINISHER 1

Find and complete the ten story words.

… …o… … … … …y

f…nt… … …

…i… … … …n

…r… … …

… …m… … …i…

… …r… … …

…u… … …r

… … …-… … … …i… …

… … … …n… … … … …t… … …

t…r… … … … …

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2 The words in bold are in the wrong place. Find where they belong and correct the character descriptions.

He’s so ugly selfish that he never shares his things.

Emma’s usually cruel … , but she’s crying today.

They’re such villain … students – they’re always very polite.

A: He’s my favourite actor. He’s so hero … .

Who’s the charming … of the novel?

Please don’t say she looks selfish … . I think she looks great.

Why are you so handsome … ? You shouldn’t hurt other people.

Anna’s very cheerful … . She buys her parents lots of presents.

Is she the hero or the generous … of the film?

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B: Yes, but he looks at himself in the mirror all the time.

3 Match the words to make sentences. 1

The main

He’s cheerful

The book should

The film really

The new film will be

If you’re a fan

be read

you’ll love this!

of biographies,

a handsome prince.

released in

by everyone.

because his novel

me cry.

character is

the summer.

made

might be made into a film.

Games & Spin the Wheel

Learning Situation: Culture Project

Unit 4 Worksheets

Videos

Digital Practice

Interactive eBook

DIGITAL T OLKIT

REVIEW 1 PAIRWORK How much do you know about celebrations? Do the quiz. Then compare with a partner.

A honeymoon is the holiday that a couple take after their wedding.

true false 2

When a festival is annual, it happens every five years.

id br

true false

What do we call the celebration on 31 October?

Hallow's Day Hallow Eve Halloween

Which country has a New Year tradition where people eat noodles?

Japan Spain India

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2 GROUP WORK Write four quiz questions about the celebrations in Unit 3.

6 GROUP WORK Share your ideas from Ex 5. Can your group guess which person you are? Whose ideas are the most exciting?

3 Answer the quiz questions from another group. Share and discuss your results.

I’m feeling happy and relaxed.

4 How confident do you feel talking about

What are you reading?

celebrations? Select and share with a partner.

It’s a fantasy novel about a boy who falls asleep and wakes up in the 13th century.

A I’m very confident because … B

I’m confident, but I still need to …

I’m not very confident yet because …

5 PAIRWORK Imagine you are one of the

a little bit about the plot

•

what the main character is like

•

if you’d recommend it and why or why not 2

6 = I feel very confident doing this.

8 Choose one of these ways to practise English and try it! •

Read a graded reader in English. Prepare a one-minute review of the book to give to your class.

•

Write notes about a celebration you went to. Then share your experience with a friend.

•

Choose ten vocabulary words from Units 3 and 4. Write a short story that uses all ten words.

to practise.

1 = I need more time

Self-assessment

a title and genre for the book or programme

•

stories? Select a number and explain your choice.

•

7 How confident do you feel talking about

people in the pictures. What are you watching or reading? Write notes about the things in the list.

l a b o Gl h s i l g En

UNIT

Unit aims Talking about language and statistics Using future tenses and quantifiers Understanding online posts and a podcast about languages Presenting facts and data formally Writing a report about languages spoken in your class

Learning Situation Create a collage of English words from your neighborhood.

Grammar Gym

CLIL

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Learning about how the English language spread around the world

Hey!

Hiya!

Howzit!

Hello!

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Hi!

What’s up?

Howdy!

What’s Ali’s native language?

What’s the common language he has found in most countries?

What helped him to learn Japanese?

Watch the video and answer.

greetings have you heard? What other ways to say hello do you know?

1 Look at the picture. How many of the

G’day! Get on it!

Welsh is a regional language spoken in Wales.

The TV actors spoke in a British dialect that was difficult to understand.

the ways of sharing information with people communication

Close your lips to pronounce ‘mmmm’. Watch and repeat.

a way of pronouncing words that shows where a person is from

We can communicate using our hands.

The population of the US is over 335 million.

several different kinds of the same thing

People know I’m from Paris because of my French accent.

The owner of our local store speaks English and Spanish.

someone who speaks a particular language

Britain and the US share English as a common language.

I used an app to translate what they said.

all the people who live in a particular city or country

Zara is a confident French speaker. She’s giving a presentation in French later on.

There is a variety of ways we can say hello, such as hugging or shaking hands.

to share information, ideas or feelings by speaking, writing or moving your body

Good communication is important when you are in a team.

to make the sound of a letter or word in a particular way

the process of changing one language into another language

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shared by two or more groups of people

from a particular area

a language coming from a particular part of a country or region

a form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a country

What is the most difficult word to … in English?

How can you … in a place when you don’t speak the … language?

How can you become a confident English … ?

What skills does it take to … a text into a different language?

GROUP WORK Answer the questions in Ex 3.

Can you think of any words that are … to English and your language?

Complete the questions with words from Ex 1.

p.126

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Match the blue words in Ex 1 with the correct definition.

Vocabulary Plus

Match the sentences 1–12 with the pictures A–L. Then listen and check.

m A

Language (communication)

VOCABULARY

Finished? p.66

Workbook p.38

READING 1 PAIRWORK How do you think English is different in

different English-speaking countries? Discuss with a partner.

I live in South Africa, but next month, I’m going travelling with my dad because he has work overseas. We’re going to Australia first and then we’re going to India after that. I know that they speak English in Australia and India, but I’m sure I will have some problems communicating while I’m there because English is different in every country where it is spoken. This is definitely true in South Africa. For example, here traffic lights are called robots and we call little insects goggas. Instead of saying hello, we often say howzit and we use the word must a lot. If I say ‘You must drink more water,’ I’m giving you some advice, not an order! It’s interesting that the same common language can be so different from one place to another. We leave in the first week of July. Can anyone from India or Australia give me any help?

Mieka123

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Posts: 43 Joined: 3 weeks ago

KYL13

Hi @MIEKA123! First of all, don’t worry! You’ll have a fantastic time in Australia. It’s a beautiful country and the people are lovely. But you’re right. A lot of the language is quite different and some people have very strong accents. One word you’ll hear a lot is mate. We use it for everyone, even people we’ve never met. Also, if we can make a word shorter, we do. We say things like g’day instead of good day. We don’t say breakfast, we say brekkie, and instead of afternoon we say arvo. I’m sure you’ll be invited to some barbies when you’re here. Barbie means barbecue, as in: ‘I’m having a barbie this arvo, mate. Do you want to come?’ Another phrase that sounds strange to non-Australians is She’ll be Jake to mean something will be OK. So don’t worry about your trip. She’ll be Jake!

Posts: 20 Joined: 1 month ago

It’s all English!

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Posts: 103 Joined: 2 months ago

AJAY09

Do you know where you will be going in India? It’s a very big country with a huge population and the language is different in different places. We have lots of phrases that people from other countries don’t understand. For example, last year I had a strict maths teacher from England. At a parent-teacher meeting, my dad said, ‘Ajay says you sit on his head a lot.’ The teacher didn’t understand that we use that phrase to mean ‘make someone stressed’. Then, when I went to the UK for the first time and said, ‘I belong to Delhi,’ people looked at me strangely. That’s when I learned that it’s more common to say ‘I’m from Delhi’. It was surprising how a couple of words made a huge difference. But I’m sure you’ll be fine when you’re here! Just ask people to explain if you don’t understand something and you can always use the internet to help you to translate.

4 GROUP WORK Share

Read the online posts. Copy and complete the table. United Kingdom

traffic light

South Africa

…

breakfast

India

I know the word howdy. It’s a friendly way to say hi!

…

I’ve heard that one, too. I also know ...

…

I’m from … Hello!

Australia

other English words or phrases you know that are similar to the ones in Ex 1.

…

Why use long words when you can use short ones?

I’m not telling you what to do.

He thought that he had physically hurt me!

Don’t worry. She’ll be Jake.

I love hearing how people use different words.

GOAL 8 DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC

GROWTH Being able to communicate with people in different countries improves our ability to cooperate and trade and gives us better chances of professional success in a globalised world. What professional opportunities do you think your ability to speak English will give you in the future? Activity card: Transformation

Workbook p.42

Sustainable Development

Write M (Mieka), K (Kylie) or A (Ajay).

3 Read the online posts again.

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Futures (review)

Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Irene Some of us want to practise speaking

English outside school, so we 1 ’re going to do (do) a language exchange with some students from the British School one weekend.

10.37 PM

Football practice 1 starts / start at six this evening. 2 Do you come / Are you coming?

Luis

id br

p.117

I can’t. I 3 work / ’ll be working on my application letter from five to seven this evening. I’m applying for universities in the UK, so Ms Jones 4 is going to help / helps me with it.

hat’s a great idea! I 2 … (help) you T to organise it if you want! I’ve always wanted to do a language exchange.

Grammar review

Read the messages and select the correct answers.

Irene Great! I 3 … (send) you the information

of the British School students. I 4 … (meet) one of them tomorrow evening to talk about it.

That’s amazing. I’m sure your application letter 5 will / is going to be great. 6 Will / Shall I tell Marco that you’ll be at football practice next week?

Luis Amazing. 5 … (I / come), too? Irene If you’d like. My music class 6 … (finish)

at 6 pm tomorrow, so we 7 … (meet) at 6.30. Is that OK for you?

Luis Hmm. I’ve just remembered, my

Yes, please… In fact, I 7 send / ’ll send him a message.

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band practice 8 … (start) at 5.30. I 9 … (rehearse) at 6.30…

Irene That’s OK. I’ll go without you and tell

OK. Don’t miss practice next week!

you what we decide.

I promise I won’t miss / I’m not missing it! 8

COMMON ERRORS

Good! Good luck with the letter. Thanks

Maria studies really hard next year.

GRAMMAR

Maria will study really hard next year.

GYM

VIDEO

Present simple for scheduled events My English class starts at five o’clock.

Present continuous for plans

going to for intentions

PAIRWORK Role play a conversation about your future plans. Ask questions to find out more about your partner’s plans.

I’m meeting Mr Deschamps after class to work on my French pronunciation.

I’m going to help Sara with her translation homework.

shall for offers

I’m going to the USA when school ends this year. I'm going to spend a month there.

Speaking English will be a very useful skill to have when you’re older.

Future simple for offers, promises, predictions and decisions in the moment

Shall I translate what he said? Future continuous for actions in progress I’ll be practising for my speaking exam this evening.

Wow. You’ll have an amazing time and you’ll have lots of opportunities to practise your English!

Finished? p.66

Workbook p.39

37 59

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Statistics (reading data)

Look at the graphs and select the correct answers. Then listen and check. A

English

1,456

Chinese (Mandarin)

1,138

Hindi

609,5

Spanish

559,1

French

309

Arabic (standard)

247

Bengali

272,8

Portuguese

263,6

Russian

255

Urdu

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231,7

200

400

600

The majority / minority of people in Brazil (98%) speak Portuguese as a first language. Only a 5 majority / minority (2%) speak indigenous languages like Ticuna and Kaingang. They are spoken by 6 a small number of / a large number of people. 4

800

1,000 1,200

1,400

1,600 1,800

Speakers in millions

2% Other languages

Percentage of Portuguese speakers in Brazil

There are 1 approximately / average 1.5 billion speakers of English as a native or second language around the world. 2 A large number of / A small number of people, about 1.1 billion, speak Mandarin Chinese.

98% Portuguese

45 35 25 20

2025

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Number of languages in the world 2100

Speakers in millions

15 10 5 0 1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

The number of native Spanish speakers in the US has 3 increased / decreased from about 17 million in 1990 to 42 million today.

Copy and complete the chart with words from Ex 1. Opposites

smaller 1

decrease

Out of 100: 9 …

someone who speaks five or more languages

someone who speaks one language

Finished? p.66

Workbook p.40

About 43 percent of people speak two languages.

Natalie Portman speaks Japanese.

Mikel Arteta isn’t a polyglot.

A large number of people thought David Beckham could speak nine languages.

PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. 1

How many languages can you speak?

Who do you know that is bilingual?

Can you name any famous polyglots? I can speak some French, but I’m not fluent. I can ask for directions and order food when I’m on holiday.

Amelia is fluent in Spanish and English.

A someone who speaks two languages

Episode #123: Learning languages. How many languages do you speak?

Listen again. Are the sentences T (true) or F (false)?

Listen to the podcast. What is the correct definition of polyglot?

The Languages Podcast

In the middle: 7 … More or less: 8 …

The number of languages spoken around the world is 7 increasing / decreasing. On 8 average / percentage, one language dies every 40 days. This means that by the end of the century, over half of today’s 7,000 languages won’t exist.

bigger 4 … m5… 6 …

… a small 3 …

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Quantifiers with or without of

Complete the sentences about the Arts College with the words in the box. a few all

Our baseball team ... What you need to know

many

most

none

some

All (100%) of our band play string instruments.

… (40%) students at the college play an instrument.

… (90%) students at the college listen to music.

… (60%) of my bandmates can play two instruments.

… (0%) of my classmates play the drums.

… (10%) of my bandmates can sing really well.

Look at the report. Write six sentences to describe the results.

p.119

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Grammar review

Read the fact file. Which words describe the numbers in brackets?

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There are 80 students in my year at school. We asked: Which languages do you speak? Here are the results.

There are 25 amazing players. Many of the girls (19) speak two languages. All of them (25) love a challenge! Most players (23) attend practice every week. Some (11) want to be professional players. A few girls (4) were born in another country. None (0) of our parents want to wash our uniforms!

Spanish English

Chinese Thai

French

German

Quantifiers

100%

All of my friends study English.

Most (of the) people in my class were born in this country.

Which languages do you speak?

What are your favourite hobbies?

What is your favourite colour?

Which social media do you use the most?

ss en

Some (of my) teachers are bilingual. A few (of our) neighbours have a foreign accent.

GROUP WORK Answer one of the questions. Then share your results.

▼

Many (of the) people in my family have lived abroad.

None of my friends’ parents speak German.

COMMON ERRORS None students speak Japanese. None of the students speak Japanese. All the cats love milk!

There are six people in our group. Most of them ...

All cats love milk!

Finished? p.66

Workbook p.41

SPEAKING

Presenting facts and data formally

Listen to the first part of Hannah’s presentation. How many students took part in the survey?

Listen to the presentation. Copy and complete the table and pie chart.

Yes

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Do you want to learn a new language?

Total of students

…

5 Choose one of the survey results and

prepare a formal presentation. Then give your presentation to a partner. What percentage of people in these countries speak English?

Percentage

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

270

Argentina

Germany

Ecuador

Spain

Which language do you want to learn?

How many other countries have people in our class been to?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py 1

…

6 Key Competencies

USEFUL LANGUAGE

•

What did your partner do well?

•

Did they use the Useful language to present their data?

•

Was the information clear?

•

What did they miss out?

•

How can they improve?

I want to 1 talk about …

The most important thing we 2 … is … Here, we 3 … see that …

Pronunciation

se your partner’s notes to help you U to rewrite your presentation.

ROUP WORK Give your improved G presentation to your group.

I … holidays to countries where English is spoken. I asked students the question: ’Which English-speaking country would you like to visit?‘ In this table, you can see the results. The 2 … is that the majority want to go to either the US or the UK. 3 … the table, you’ll see that the most popular country is the US. Here, 4 … a smaller number want to go to Canada, some to Australia and a small number to South Africa. I 5 … most students want to explore countries that we see a lot in films and music videos. I wonder why that is. 1

Complete the notes with the Useful language. Then listen and check.

p.132

I find it surprising / 6 … that …

Thanks. I think you have a good point. I could ...

When you 5 … at … , you’ll see that …

This 4 … that …

Complete the Useful language. Then listen and check.

se the questions to write notes U about your partner’s presentation. Then share your feedback with your partner.

2 3 4

WRITING

A report

1 Read the report. Which graphs does it describe?

Number of languages spoken in our class 12

A report: Languages spoken by students in our class

Everyone in our class speaks English, but many students speak other languages, too. We wanted to find out which languages they speak, how well they speak them and how they learned them. In total, there are 28 students in our class. They all replied to our three survey questions. Here are the results.

8 6 4 2

Q: … In general, we can say that all students speak English. Twelve students, which is approximately 40% of the class, said that they only speak one language – English. Nine students can speak two languages, including English. Five students speak English and two other languages. And only two students speak four languages.

1 language

2 languages

3 languages

4 languages

Languages students speak

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B 32 24

Q: 2 …

Of the 16 students that speak a second language, seven said they speak the language at home and learned it from a parent. There are six students who lived abroad when they were younger. They learned their second or third language there. Two students in particular speak fluent Thai because their parents worked in Thailand and they went to Thai schools. Only three students took lessons to learn a second language.

8 0

English

German

French

Thai

How we learned another language

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Q: 3 …

In general, all 16 students who are bilingual or multilingual say they speak well. In fact, 14 say they have an advanced level of speaking a second, third and even a fourth language. However, only three of them think their writing is advanced.

4 2 0

2 Read the report again. Match the survey questions A–C with the paragraphs 1–3. A How did you learn another language? B

How well do you speak another language?

How many languages do you speak?

Find the Useful language in the report. Then find one more phrase. Listen and check.

USEFUL LANGUAGE in total

in general

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

speaking skills

writing skills

questions in Ex 2. Put your results in a graph, pie chart or table.

6 Write your report. Use your graph, pie chart or table from Ex 5 to help you.

Remember to:

They sound like they are Thai.

5 GROUP WORK Ask and answer the

Advanced level in another language

What is true about the students who lived in Thailand? A

took lessons

Most students speak only one language.

B Most students can speak at least two languages. 2

went to a school abroad

What is true about the number of languages the students speak? A

lived abroad

in fact …

4 Read the report again. Answer the questions. 1

from parents

B Their parents taught in Thai schools.

Include a graph, pie chart or table.

What is true about how well students speak their other languages?

Use informal language. Use quantifiers (e.g., all, most and none).

A They can all speak well, but no one can

Use vocabulary such as approximately, a large number of and percentage to discuss the results.

write perfectly.

B They can all speak well, but they need

to work on their writing.

Workbook p.43

CLIL

Linguistics

CLIL VIDEO

Why English is the global language

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Have you ever wondered why English is used by so many people across the world? Let’s explore the reasons! The need for an international language isn’t new. People from different places have always wanted or needed to communicate with each other. For a while, Latin was used in many European countries. But not many people went to school and learned it. In the 19th century, a Polish man invented a language called Esperanto. But it never became popular. At the same time, the English language was becoming more widely spoken around the world.

Watch the video. Complete the sentences about writing with the numbers in the box. 5,500 3,000

300

PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. 1

Who is the audience of the web page?

Archaeologists have found writing that is … years old.

•

historians who are interested in English

•

teachers who are researching English

About … years after that, people started using cuneiform.

•

students who are interested in learning English

As many as … different languages used cuneiform.

The Phoenicians started using the alphabet around … years ago.

The Phoenician alphabet had … letters.

How do you know?

Why does the author want this audience to read the web page?

The main audience is ... Yes, correct. And we know that because the text says ...

How would the text / website need to change to attract a different audience?

5 Read the web page again. Complete the sentences with a blue word from the web page. 1

The Roman Empire is the reason people used Latin to communicate.

The Normans from France … England in 1066 ce.

The US was a group of British … in the 17th century.

organisation

The president is the most … person in the country.

organization

Many international … try to improve health and education around the world.

Everyone wants to live in a … country.

… from Europe travelled to South America in the 15th century.

Read the web page. Does it mention any of your ideas?

think English has become an international language?

4 Key Competencies

2 PAIRWORK Why do you

The 20th century was when English really became the biggest global language. After World War II, most countries around the world became more interested in working together to make the world more peaceful. This is when organisations such as the United Nations (UN) were created. Easier travel and more international businesses also meant that people from different countries had more contact. At the same time, the US had become more powerful. US businesses became international, and American culture (and its language) was sent around the world through pop music and Hollywood films, and later through the internet. It soon became clear that English had become the global language.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

English combines words from other languages because people from Northern Europe invaded England in the past. But how did it become spoken by so many millions of people across the world? The British Empire was the biggest reason. British soldiers and sailors travelled around the world. Wherever they went – from Africa to Asia to North and South America – they formed new colonies. And the British brought their language with them. At one point, approximately 23 percent of the world’s population was living in part of the British Empire. Many of them were taught English. Sometimes they were made to speak it. Along the way, every place created its own, local version of the English language.

id br

Some people say that English is popular because it is easy to learn. However, English has a very large vocabulary, many different varieties and accents, and difficult spelling, pronunciation and grammar. Luckily for you, we have many courses at our colleges across the UK that can help you to improve in all these areas! We also use technology to help you to study both in the classroom and online at home. While some people think technology will mean that learning English is no longer necessary, we don’t believe that it will ever replace speaking and connecting with people from around the world. This September, we're going to be starting 40 new courses and we’re also going to organise exchange trips to cities around the UK.

6 Read the web page again. Find the following:

Sustainable Development

two other ‘international’ languages

two groups of people that helped to spread English

four areas of the world where there were British colonies

two reasons international communication increased in the 20th century

three ways the US helped spread the English language

three reasons English can be difficult

Latin

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Many schools educate their students (entirely or partially) in English because they recognise the importance of English for their future opportunities. People who have a good command of English often find it easier to get better jobs. Do you think it is a good idea for children to be educated in a language that is not their mother tongue? Why / Why not? Activity card: Transformation

7 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. 1

Why do you learn English?

How do you think it will help you in the future?

Do you think English will always be the global language? Why or why not?

I think English is ...

In the future, I think people will be more interested in learning ...

DISCUSS step

IATION

N M

IO AT

ME D

PLAN

step

Present the different vocabulary you have found to your class. Which of the varieties of English presented is most different from British English?

DIAT I

step

IATION

EXTEND

Create a collage of English words from your neighbourhood.

Which countries in the world do you know where they speak English? Try to list as many as you can. How do you I ON DIATthe language is Ethink different in these countries?

MINI PROJECT

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Choose one country and research the ways that the English they speak there is different from British English. Include different vocabulary and phrases.

UNIT 5: FAST FINISHER 1 Put the letters in the correct order to complete the post.

id br

I’m English, and until I was 12, I’d always lived in England. One day, my dad came home from work and said he’d been offered a job in Wales. Our life was about to change. The town where we live now is very small, with a 1 … (unliopoapt) of only 13,000. Most people here speak English as a 2 … (mocmno) language, so 3 … (unincmtmiooca) is easy. Many have a 4 … (allco) Welsh 5 … (eancct). Only ten percent of people who live here speak Welsh, but I’m learning. It's difficult for me to 6 ... (encroponu) a lot of Welsh words, but I practise a lot. Some Welsh children go to a school for Welsh 7 … (skepreas), but I don’t. All the signs in Wales are in English and Welsh, so you don't have to 8 ... (lattenars) any words!

in the box.

’ll be

2 Complete the conversation with the words

Ap… … … … … … …te…y 90 percent of people like going on holiday abroad.

The number of students in my class i… … … … … …ed from 29 to 31 last term.

A… … students want to pass their exams!

…o…e of the students in my class know how to pronounce Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch. It’s the longest Welsh town name, and we’ve never heard it before!

What p…r… … … …a… … of people in our class like Indian food?

On our last English test, my friends and I scored 99%, 98%, 90%, 88%, 72% and 70%. The a… …r… … … was 86%.

… f… … students in my class love learning grammar, but I don’t.

S… … … of my friends like ice cream, and … … …e… … prefer chocolate!

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’ll come going to seeing shall starts will won’t

3 Complete the words in the sentences.

Lena I’m 1 seeing an English film at the cinema

after school today. Do you want to come with me? It 2 … at 8 pm.

Daniela No, thanks. They always speak so fast.

I 3 … understand anything.

Lena I’m sure you 4 … . Anyway, there will be

subtitles. I’m 5 … try not to look at them, but if I need to, I can.

Daniela Oh, that’s a good idea. OK, I … with you. 6

Lena Great! Do you want to meet at seven

o’clock and have something to eat first?

Daniela I can’t. I 7 … doing homework then. I

have a lot to do. 8 … I just meet you at the cinema instead?

Lena OK, sure. See you at eight!

Digital Practice

Interactive eBook

DIGITAL T OLKIT

Videos

Learning Situation: CLIL Project

Games & Spin the Wheel

Unit 5 Worksheets

LEARNING TO LEARN

1 Look at the picture. How do you think

the student feels? Why? Read the post to check your answer.

Omar

Bruno.123 Yesterday

2h ago

id br

Hi, everyone! I need your advice. I’ve been studying Japanese for a year now. At first, I was improving quickly, but now I’m afraid I’m not getting any better. What can I do to show myself that I’m making progress? Thank you, Bruno

they mention?

U Yesterday

Keep a diary of your learning.

Make a list of the language and vocabulary you learn.

Write the things you did wrong.

Keep a record of your marks.

Write goals you can achieve and when.

Do online tests.

Write the things that went well.

Write the things you can improve.

Keep a record of your progress. I keep a folder with all my best work in Japanese in it. When I do something I’m really proud of, like an essay I wrote very well or a project I really like, I put it in there. I also include class notes and exercises I enjoyed or did very well. It’s great being able to look back at my writing from a year ago and see how much I’ve improved. For example, I’m much better at writing in Japanese now than I was a year ago!

make a plan for how to keep a record of your own progress in learning English. 1

What could you put in a folder to track your progress?

Which marks could you record?

What three goals could you have for the next six months?

Which of the ideas in Ex 3 would you like to try? Why?

What other ideas would you add to the list?

LEARNING TO LEARN TIPS Learning from others

What can we learn from the experiences of other people? What sort of experiences can teach us the most?

I agree with Grace. I have a diary of my learning on my tablet. I include the topics I learned that week and the words I learned. (I’ve learned almost 3,000 already! ) I also write one thing that went well, one thing that I can improve and an action plan to improve it. Also, each time I do a test (online or at school), I save my mark in a file. So after every test, I can see if I did better than on the last one and I can make a plan to improve.

4 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. Then

3h ago

Keep a progress folder.

Alexia

Grace

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Match the names with the pictures A–C. B

Great question, Bruno! I think it’s a good idea to have clear goals of what you want to achieve and when. Every six months, I write my three main goals. For example, my goals right now are: 1 to understand menus in Japanese for my summer holiday, 2 to feel confident speaking to the exchange students visiting our school, 3 to do well in the test at the end of the year. I look back at my goals every month to see what progress I’ve made.

3 Read the replies again. Which ideas do

2 Read the replies to Bruno’s post. A

Recording learning achievements

g n i p Hel out

UNIT

Talking about helping in the community Using verbs with two objects and reciprocal pronouns Using verb + object + infinitive & verb + gerund / infinitive Using verb + gerund / infinitive with changes in meaning Understanding a community notice board and a news report about helpful animals Asking for and offering help Writing a community flyer Learning about community living Learning Situation Plan a perfect city to live in.

id br For Real

Culture

Grammar Gym

Unit aims

1 Look at the picture. What might the

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

robot do in the woman's home? What tasks would you use a robot for?

Watch the video and answer. 1

What tasks can robot assistants do?

What does Andy’s grandpa use a robot assistant for?

Does Andy think robot assistants create risks? Why or why not?

Get on it!

se m

ss t

VOCABULARY 1

Helping the community

Listen and complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then match sentences 1–4 with the pictures A–D.

Vocabulary Plus

neighbour neighbourhood neighbor neighborhood

babysit babysitter delivers does (somebody) a favour look after mend move in neighbourhood rebuild walk my dog We couldn’t find a babysitter for Saturday night for my little brother, but then my uncle offered to … ! He loves playing video games with my brother.

Everyone in my new … is very friendly. My neighbour offered to … my cat and … while I’m at work.

p.127

Before my new neighbours … next door, they need to … the fence.

The teenager who … newspapers to my neighbourhood sometimes … my neighbour … . Yesterday, she helped her to … a shirt. B

id br

dlbiuer

Put the letters in the correct order to make words. Then complete the definitions. denm

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lwka het gdo

okol tafre

redevli

tsibbay

vemo ni

to take care of someone’s baby or child while the person is not at home babysit

to take letters, packages, etc. to someone’s house or work

to repair or fix something, e.g., a piece of clothing

to take a dog for a walk

to go to a new place and begin to live there

to fix something that has been damaged or destroyed

to take care of a person or animal

Select the correct answers to complete the post.

PAIRWORK Talk about the last time you did these things. •

do someone a favour

•

deliver something to someone

•

mend something

•

look after an animal

•

babysit

m That was kind. The chemistry exam was hard!

I did my best friend a favour last week. I helped her to study for our chemistry exam. I showed her how to ...

What a morning! My grandpa had a new TV 1 mended / delivered and needed help to set it up. My grandpa lives in a 2 neighbourhood / favour with all 3 elderly / babysitter people over 70 years old. He introduced me to his new neighbour who has just 4 delivered / moved in across the street. She’s got the coolest dog! Look at the picture. I asked her if I could 5 mend the dog / walk the dog, and she accepted. Then, she asked me if I have ever 6 babysat / moved in. She said her daughter needs a babysitter for tomorrow. Of course I said yes! Sometimes my grandpa’s neighbours ask me to 7 do them favours / do to them favours, but this is the first time I’m going to make money. Hopefully it’s not the last time!

4 Key Competencies

2 PAIRWORK Look at the other new

vocabulary on this page and use each word in a sentence about your life.

Finished? p.78

Workbook p.46

READING 1 Look at the picture and headings. Where might you see this notice board in your country?

Southway Community Notice board Offering products or services

Ca A

id br

I s your computer giving you problems? I’m an IT expert and I’ve just started my own computer repair business. Ask me your computer questions! I’m available every day from 8 am to 8 pm Email me at john@ITexpert.com – John

arpenter for indoor home improvement C projects. Send me pictures of your room and I’ll send my price and ideas by the next day. Call me at 0116-496-0296 or email carpenter@mail.com for more information! – Lesley

abysitters are hard to find when B you need them. But I’m available most weeknights and weekends! I have experience with children from six months to ten years old. Send me a text message for more information! 0116-496-0431. – Patrick

on’t throw out your old or damaged D clothes. I can make them look like new instead! Bring me your clothes! I’m a retired fashion designer with 20 years of experience mending old clothes and making new ones. Call me at 0116-496-0485. – Vera

Looking for products or services F

R ent us your tools and make money! We just moved in and have a lot of work to do! We need to rebuild a wardrobe and update our kitchen. Email us with descriptions of your tools at lakmalfamily@ mail.com or call 0116-496-0944. – Deb and Juan Lakmal

e’re looking for someone to cook us W lunch Monday to Friday! We’re a busy family. My husband and I work long hours and we need healthy, homemade lunches for us and our two children. Please email and tell us about your experience at njohnson@mail.com – Nora

o you have old furniture or antiques that you don’t D want? I collect old objects. Sell me your old furniture! I don’t care if it’s damaged. Email me with pictures and information at iloveantiques@mail.com – Gerald Bosch

want to learn and improve themselves. (2 people)

notice board

probably have tools to rent to Deb and Juan. (2 people)

bulletin board

are offering to fix damaged products. (2 people)

can change the furniture or give a home a new look. (3 people)

‘I’m especially interested in pieces from before 1970.’

‘We’d like you to use fresh ingredients. One of us is vegetarian.’ ‘I’m studying to become a teacher, so I can help them with their homework.’

‘I’d like to meet you and discuss my health issues before I start to exercise.’

‘We have experience with home projects, so we don’t need your services.’

disadvantages of a community notice board?

Workbook p.50

What do people in your town do to improve the standard of living for themselves and other people? What would you like to do to make your town a better place to live?

Activity card: Values

Using a community notice board is a good way to meet people in your neighbourhood.

Yes, it is. But if you’re not happy with ...

COMMUNITIES

Communities are formed by the people who live in towns and cities working together to improve their shared standard of living.

‘I worked for Microsoft and built new computers for ten years.’ A

GOAL 11 SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND

Sustainable Development

atch the extra information statements 1−6 M with the posts A–J.

4 PAIRWORK What are the advantages and

Read the posts and write the names. People who …

an you give me yoga classes? I’m an C elderly woman looking for a private yoga teacher to help me to get in shape. I would like to lose weight and get stronger. I prefer to have classes at home, if possible. Weekday mornings are preferred. Email me at mrsdonnatate@mail.com – Donna

ummer is coming! Is your garden S ready for barbecues? If you need plants, fences, an outdoor kitchen or anything else for your garden, I’m your expert! I’m an experienced construction worker and gardener. And it won’t cost you a fortune! Call or message at 0116-496-0298 for more information. The first appointment is free! – Tim Murphy

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T each me English! I’m new to the neighbourhood, fresh from Portugal and I need to improve my conversation skills. I’m free in the evening. We can meet at the local library or at Phil’s Café in Clark Street and get to know each other. Email me at adrianoporto@mail.com – Adriano

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Verbs with two objects; Reciprocal pronouns

a salad

a story

a text message

dinner

ice cream

Grammar review

Listen and complete the conversation with the words in the box. Then find which people are affected by the verbs in the sentences you completed. money

Ms Lang Thanks for babysitting, Brenda. Lucas is playing in

the living room.

p.119–120

Brenda Great! Should I cook Lucas 1 dinner tonight? Ms Lang I’ve already made both of you 2 … ! It’s in the

id br

fridge. If Lucas behaves, you can buy him 3 … at the shop. I’ve left you 4 … on the table.

Brenda Thanks! Have a great time tonight. I’ll read Lucas 5

… before bed.

Ms Lang Send me 6 … if you have any problems. I’ll be home

before midnight!

Write sentences to describe the pictures. Use the verbs in brackets and an indirect object where possible.

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Verb + indirect object + direct object I made Paula dinner.

We sent a message to her

We sent her a message.

I made dinner for Paula

My parents gave My parents gave us some money some money to us Reciprocal pronouns

(make)

He is making the family a new fence.

The neighbours helped each other.

Everyone in the neighbourhood babysits for one another.

COMMON ERRORS You can buy to him ice cream.

PAIRWORK Compare your answers from Ex 3 with a partner. Then ask and answer.

50 pounds. / babysitter / The / Mrs Lara / cost

The babysitter cost Mrs Lara 50 pounds.

(bring)

(buy)

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

You can buy him ice cream.

(give)

When was the last time you did someone a favour? What did you do?

What other things do babysitters often do for children?

a picture. / Lucas / her / drew

the / weekend. / work / Mrs Lara / babysitter / offered / next / more

showed / Brenda / dad / her / online. / bike / a

new / promised / her / Brenda’s dad / bike / birthday. / a / her / for

How do you and your friends help one another?

How can volunteers help elderly people?

one / help / The / another. / brothers

other / cook / James / food. / each / delicious / and Lisa

I did my neighbour a favour last weekend. I fed her cat while she was away.

Finished? p.78

Workbook p.47

37 71

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Helping phrases

Look at the pictures and match them to the words. Then listen and check. encourage to

fetch

give a hand with

guide

show how to

take care of

train to warn about D

id br

show how to

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U Co

Listen and number the pictures in Ex 1.

Listen to the news report. Which animals do they talk about? What does the news report say the animals have in common? pig gorilla bird

dolphin horse

Listen again. Select the correct answers.

Adam is reporting from the hospital / Joanne’s neighbourhood / a pig farm.

The person who called an ambulance for Joanne was her neighbour / a man who was driving past / a doctor.

The gorilla attacked / took care of / hid the boy.

According to the news report, last week a pig saved its owner / a gorilla saved the boy / a dolphin saved a boy who couldn’t swim.

Adam says, ‘Speaking of animals that are heroes, we need to talk about dolphins.’ He says this because dolphins often save humans / are friendly / are smart.

Dolphins are well known for protecting people from big waves / orcas / sharks.

shark

GROUP WORK What other animals help humans? How? Share stories you know. I heard about a pet parrot that helped save its family from a fire!

Finished? p.78

Workbook p.48

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Verb + object + infinitive; Verb + gerund / infinitive with changes in meaning

Read the advert. Find the object and the infinitive after each verb in bold.

bo info@easyro GYM

VIDEO

COMMON ERRORS

My mum persuaded me not to spend all my money on a robot!

Do you tell your robot to do all of your housework?

You can tell Chip make shopping lists.

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I trained my robot to tidy the kitchen.

You can tell Chip to make shopping lists.

Chip can persuade you buying something. Chip can persuade you to buy something.

Verb + gerund / infinitive with changes in meaning

I stopped studying because I was tired.

ts.com

GRAMMAR

I finally remembered to wash my clothes!

p.120

id br

0330 993 440

Verb + object + infinitive

I forgot to turn off the light.

Grammar review

e you What ar for? waiting

EasyRobots presents Chip, our smart voice assistant! Chip 1 allows you to have an easier life. • 2 Tell Chip to make shopping lists. • 3 Train Chip to remind you about appointments the day before or even one hour before! • Maybe you’re not sure if you should buy something? Would you like to 4 ask Chip to read product reviews? Or compare prices, check your spending and much more! Chip can 5 persuade you to buy something or 6 warn you not to buy it and save your money. At EasyRobots, we 7 encourage you to try Chip for 30 days. If you’re not happy, you’ll get a full refund!

I won’t forget seeing the robot for the first time.

I remembered playing a lot when I was a child. I was jogging, but I stopped to talk to a friend.

Complete the post with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

This is a photo of my grandpa. He was the best! When I was young, I remember 1 spending (spend) school-day afternoons with him. He always 2 … (help / do) different things while my parents were at work.

ss m

He 3 … (warn / look) before crossing the road. I often forgot 4 … (clean) my teeth before I went to bed, so he always reminded me. Later, he 5 … (teach / play) the guitar. He was extremely patient with me! He also 6 … (allowed / play) video games, which was great because my parents didn’t always let me! He always 7 … (encouraged / do) my best and he never stopped 8 … (believe) in me. I miss him!

PAIRWORK Discuss the questions with a partner. 1

When was the last time someone persuaded you to do something? What happened?

What are two things your parents don’t allow you to do? Why?

If you had a personal robot, how would it help you?

What’s something you don’t always remember to do?

What’s something you’ll never forget doing?

Last weekend, my friend persuaded me to try surfing! My parents don’t allow me to ...

Finished? p.78

Workbook p.49

SPEAKING

Asking for and offering help

FOR REAL VIDEO

1 Look at the pictures. What do you think happened?

Listen to the conversation. Why does Emma need help?

Copy the table and write the Useful language in the correct column. Listen and check.

id br

USEFUL LANGUAGE Could you do me a favour and … , please?

Would you mind … (verb + -ing) ... ?

Do you need any help with … ?

Let me get that for you.

Would you please give me a hand with … ?

Can I give you a hand with … ?

Offering help

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Asking for help

Put the conversation in the correct order. Then listen and check. A Yes, I can move them, but I can’t do much

more. Hey, could you do me a favour and open this bag of crisps, please?

No problem. Do you need any help with your books at school? I can come early and help you to carry them. Would you mind cutting the tomato and lettuce? I can’t cut. I’ll get the cheese from the fridge.

D A bit. The worst part is everything that

I can’t do.

Cheese sandwiches sound good!

Can you move your fingers?

G I’ll be OK with my backpack. But could I ask

you for one more favour? Would you please give me a hand with the dishes?

H Can I give you a hand with lunch?

That would be great. I can’t do much with this arm. Mum bought everything for cheese sandwiches.

Of course! I still can’t believe you broke your wrist. What bad luck!

Sure. Let me get that for you. So, how is your wrist? Does it hurt?

5 PAIRWORK Role play two of the situations. Ask for help in one and offer help in the other.

se ss

Pronunciation

p.132

My neighbour is out of town this weekend, and I need to look after her dog. He’s really cute. I was thinking of taking him to the park on Saturday and Sunday.

You have to look after your neighbour’s dog for the weekend. It’s a young dog with a lot of energy! Ask your classmate to help you on Saturday and Sunday.

It’s your younger sister’s birthday this weekend. Your mum wants you to buy a gift for her, but you don’t know what to buy. Ask your classmate to help you to go shopping and choose a gift.

There’s a new student at your school. Your teacher wants you to show him around the school and introduce him to your classmates. You are a bit shy. Ask your classmate to help you.

Can I give you a hand with him? We could ...

WRITING

A community flyer

1 Read the community flyer. What is it for? Do you know someone who could do this work?

Caring for our community Volunteers needed!

Voluntary Community Services

id br

Would you like to work with elderly people? Can you spare two hours per week? Our volunteers can make life-changing improvements to the lives of senior citizens across the community. If you answer yes to these questions, you will certainly enjoy this incredible opportunity.

Encouraging people to be independent

People in our community want to lead active lives in their own homes. You will help them to cook, clean, meet friends, play sport and look after their pets. You might go shopping, read them books, play games or simply watch TV together. Other tasks might include:

• taking them to doctor appointments • training them to use technology.

So, what are you waiting for? Try it for yourself today! Send an email to commservices@mail.com and tell us why the job is right for you. We will be happy to give you more details. Please send the names of two people who can provide references.

We need people for two-hour sessions in the evenings from Monday to Friday or on Saturday mornings. There are no other requirements, but if you can cook, drive or play music, let us know! Obviously, volunteers will all have different talents.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Without a doubt, your amazing help is essential. If you are friendly, responsible and patient, you will surely love this work. You can make a difference!

Copy and complete the Useful language table with the words and phrases in blue in the flyer. Listen and check.

USEFUL LANGUAGE Persuasive words or phrases

Phrases to make readers feel you are speaking directly to them

Words that describe strong feelings and encourage the reader

certainly

You can make a difference!

life-changing

3 Read the flyer again. Are the sentences

The main work is to help look after people.

It is essential that volunteers can drive.

It’s important to be able to speak more than one language.

All volunteers will have the same talents.

Use an idea in the box. Write notes.

helping at a festival cleaning up a park working at a summer school •

Describe the work. Why do you need volunteers?

•

Describe what you’re looking for. Be specific about skills, interests and requirements.

Describe what you’re looking for and why. Be specific! Use the Useful language.

Use a verb with two objects and a verb with an object and infinitive.

4 Plan a community flyer asking for volunteers.

Remember to:

The job helps change people’s lives.

notes from Ex 4 to help you.

5 Write your community flyer. Use your

T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn't say)?

Read a partner’s flyer and provide feedback.

Workbook p.51

CULTURE Community living

CULTURE VIDEO

Is it better to ... live alone or live together?

Ca ge

id br

I moved out of my family home when I was 18 and went to university in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. While I was at university, I lived in student halls, but now that I have finished my studies, I live in a small flat in the city by myself. Most people in Denmark leave home quite young. It’s part of our culture – we want to be independent and have our own space. We are also very lucky because the government helps us to do this by giving us some money when we are studying. People with a low income get some financial help, too.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Some people think that living alone must be lonely, but in the building where I live, most people live alone, so we have created our own community. We all give each other a hand. For example, my neighbour helped me to mend my favourite jumper the other day, and I walk another neighbour’s dog once a week. I often meet with other friends in the neighbourhood, and we go to a café or for a walk in the park.

I miss my family sometimes, but I speak to them several times a week. The only time I really don’t like living alone is when I’m ill and I have no one to make me dinner or look after me.

Lene, Denmark

1 What communities are you part of? Make a list. 2

Watch the video. Which communities from your list do you see or hear about? What other communities are in the video? Add them to your list in Ex 1.

3 PAIRWORK Look at the pictures and read the title. Do you think it is better to live alone or with lots of family members? Why? Discuss with a partner.

Read the article. Does it mention any of your ideas?

not wanting or needing other people to help you independent

a woman whose husband has died

money that you earn

the people in a family or society who are about the same age

a family or group of people who live together

feeling sad because you are alone

As people continue to leave the countryside, cities become more and more crowded. Nearly all of the world’s most crowded cities are in Asia and Africa. What do you think are some of the biggest problems with living in very crowded cities? Activity card: Values

noisy

CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

Living together

cons

have your own space

pros

Sustainable Development

GOAL 11 SUSTAINABLE

6 Read the article again. Copy and complete the table.

Living alone

dormitory (dorm)

hall of residence (halls)

5 Match the blue words in the article with the correct definition.

id br

There are six people from four generations living in my household in Beijing: me, my mum and dad, my grandparents and my great-grandmother. When I Portrait 4 was two, my grandma and grandpa moved in to babysit me when my mum went back to work. Then, five years ago, when my great-grandmother became a widow, she moved in, too, so we could help to look after her. It is a bit crowded at times, but I love having all my family together. It is very common in China and many parts of Asia to live with grandparents, and there are lots of advantages when relatives live together and help one another. I have a very close relationship with my grandparents. And the younger generation can learn a lot from the older generation. My grandpa is excellent at baking. He has taught me how to bake cookies and play the piano, and my grandma has taught me how to cook. My parents work long hours, so it’s good that my grandparents can make us some food and keep us company! There are also lots of people around to help look after my elderly great-grandmother.

Xiang with his family when he was little, China

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

I am worried about next year, though. I will be taking my end-ofschool exams, and it’s often difficult to find a quiet space to study. But my grandma is amazing at maths, so she can help me with that!

7 Key Competencies

P AIRWORK Work in pairs. Research other

2 PAIRWORK Use your notes to decide

pros and cons of living alone and together. Use your research and the table in Ex 6 to discuss the questions. 1

How are the pros of living alone similar to the cons of living together? Why?

How are the pros of living together similar to the cons of living alone? Why?

which you prefer. Find a partner with the opposite opinion and try to persuade them to change their mind.

DISCUSS

N M

IATION

Do some research into urban development around the world. Find examples of cities with a high standard of living and decide on some features that make them good places to live in.

IO AT

PLAN

ME D

step

Present your ideas to the class. Listen to your classmates’ presentations. Which ideas do you like most?

DIAT I

IATION

step

Plan a perfect city to live in.

EXTEND

What do you like about your town / city? What would you like to change? What other cities have you visited? ION them good or DIATmade EWhat bad places to live in?

step

MINI PROJECT

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

UNIT 6: FAST FINISHER 1 Use the underlined words to rewrite the sentences with the indirect object first. Use me, him, her or them for the indirect object.

The gardener promised Ms Jacobs she would get a new fence.

The gardener promised her a new fence . The restaurant gave a pay raise to my sister.

The restaurant gave ... The carpenter offered her services to my uncle.

The carpenter offered ... He wants to cook lunch for the children.

id br

He wants to cook ... They gave presents to the people at the care home.

They gave ...

He promised to do a favour for me.

He promised to do ...

2 Match the problems 1–6 with a potential

solution A–F. 1

The neighbour wants to rebuild his shed.

Ms Frost likes to read the newspaper in bed.

The Castelo family needs a babysitter for Saturday evening.

A young couple is moving in to a new flat on Sunday.

The local supermarket needs two new employees to make deliveries.

Mr Yates can’t walk his dog because his leg is injured.

DIGITAL T OLKIT

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Interactive eBook

Videos

Digital Practice

Learning Situation: Culture Project

A Rachel will look after their daughter for five hours

on Saturday.

The owner showed them how to use the dishwasher and the air conditioning.

An internet video will show him how to do it.

Games & Spin the Wheel

Unit 6 Worksheets

D Ms Frost will do him a favour and walk both of their

dogs at the same time.

She trained her dog to fetch it. Milo brings her the news in bed!

It’s encouraging students to apply to earn some extra money.

not

volunteering

understand

Amy’s grandma taught her to be kind and helpful.

She warned Amy … to get angry with people.

Amy’s parents encouraged … to volunteer at a retirement home.

The retirement home invited Amy to … to the home for a meeting.

A volunteer helped Amy to … the job description.

Amy had to stop … and focus on her studies.

her

the box.

3 Complete the sentences with the words in

REVIEW 1 PAIRWORK Agree on your role and plan what you will say for each step of the conversation.

Greet your neighbour and tell them about a problem. Ask them to help you with it.

5 PAIRWORK Interview your classmates. 1

Ask ten people in your class their answer to Ex 4. Write notes about their answers.

Use this information to make a pie chart.

Present your results to a different pair.

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You can’t help today. Explain why and suggest a different day.

Agree with the suggestion. Offer to help your neighbour with something else.

Accept the offer of help. Tell your neighbour more about the problem. Ask them to help you with it.

Agree. Give your neighbour your phone number in case your plans change.

Check that you heard the number correctly. Say goodbye.

Here we can see that ...

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Agree to help. Suggest a time and place to meet.

6 How confident do you feel about

presenting facts and data? Draw an emoji to show how you feel. Explain it to your partner.

2 PAIRWORK Role play the conversation with your partner. Then change roles and repeat.

3 Listen to another pair’s conversation. What can you remember?

English and try it! •

Think about your second language, or a language that you'd like to learn more about. Research ten facts online for a poster about the language. Then share your poster with your class.

•

Offer to help someone in your class. You could read their work and give feedback, help them to practise speaking or check their homework.

•

Research amazing facts about a robot and create a flyer.

offering help? Select a number and explain your choice. Self-assessment

That’s right. Then Julia told Dan that she was too busy today because ...

4 How do you feel about asking for and

First, Dan asked Julia to help paint his front door.

7 Choose one of these ways to practise

1 = I need more time to practise. 6 = I feel very confident doing this.

UNIT

Talking about animals and their actions Using conditionals Using unless and as long as Understanding a web page and an interview about animals Making polite suggestions Writing a persuasive advert Learning about animal emotions and behaviour Learning Situation Choose a side, prepare and have a debate: Do animals have emotions?

Grammar on the go

CLIL

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All t abou s l a m i an

Unit aims

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U se

1 Look at the picture. What are the

monkeys doing? What do you know about monkeys?

What is special about the size of the mandrill monkey?

Why do the male monkeys have colourful faces?

Why do monkeys clean each other’s fur?

Get on it!

Watch the video and answer.

VOCABULARY 1

Animals

Look at the pictures and match them with the words. Then listen and check. butterfly

donkey

fur

mosquito

shark

shell turtle

Vocabulary Plus

bee

wings zebra 4

p.128

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mosquito

ge U ni

Copy and complete the table with the words from Ex 1. Then add more words you know.

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fur

Animals that fly

Parts of animals

Do the magazine quiz. Then listen and check.

Guess the animal!

Animals that walk

4 Key Competencies

AIRWORK Look at the pictures and P guess the names of the animals.

This animal makes honey.

1 2

This animal has colourful wings.

Animals that swim

This animal looks like a horse with longer ears.

This is the scariest animal in the ocean. Be careful!

This animal’s stripes help it to hide from other animals!

AIRWORK What other words in P English do you know that are made by putting two words together? Make a list.

ork with another pair. Define your W words for them to guess. This is something in cars. It inflates when there is a crash.

Finished? p.90

This animal bites people and drinks their blood.

It’s a bluebird!

OK, this is a bird. And it’s blue.

4 This animal lives on land and in water. It is very slow.

Airbag?

Workbook p.54

READING 1 Read the headings. What is the purpose of the web page? Select the correct answer. 1

to warn people about dangerous animals

to get people to adopt animals

AMAZING ANIMALS AWAIT!

Do you want to pet some animals? Come to our new donkey farm, feed the baby donkeys and touch their soft fur! Donkeys are social animals that don’t like to be alone. They love attention from our visitors and they’re safe to touch. In fact, if a donkey feels that it’s in danger, it stays still and doesn’t move.

The Incredible Insects exhibition

What do you know about insects? Did you know the mosquito is the most dangerous animal? You can get really ill if you’re bitten by one. But it’s only female mosquitoes that bite humans for blood. If all mosquitoes died, many animals would not have food. Animals such as birds and frogs eat mosquitoes. So mosquitoes may be dangerous, but they’re also necessary.

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Central City Zoo

Central City Zoo has been open for 25 years! To celebrate this special occasion, we have exciting new exhibitions. If you visit us, you will learn about amazing animals at the coolest zoo in the world!

Donkeys aren’t the only members of the horse family here. Three zebras have a new home at Central City Zoo. You can’t touch these wild animals, but they’re fun to watch with their famous stripes, which protect them from dangerous insects as well as other animals.

Animals depend on plants for food, and plants depend on bees and butterflies. If all the bees and butterflies died, some of our food, such as milk, apples and almonds, would probably disappear, too! Both bees and butterflies are essential for plants to grow and be healthy.

An underwater world!

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Did you know that sharks are older than dinosaurs? They also have an incredible sense of smell and excellent hearing. Shark expert Dr Stephen Betancourt will be giving weekly talks about the fascinating world of sharks. Click here for more information about his visits.

Come check out our butterfly conservation garden next to our bee learning centre!

What are you waiting for?

Central City Zoo wants to be your animal destination this summer. You get our special summer discount if you buy tickets before 15 March. And children under the age of 12 are two for the price of one! We can’t wait to see you!

Bigger and better homes for all our animal friends!

Central City Zoo is home to more than 3,500 animals. We provide them with a safe environment and look after them as they grow. In fact, an Annam leaf turtle was born here just two

to get people to visit the zoo and its exhibits

months ago. These turtles are incredibly rare and not long ago people thought they were extinct in the wild, so every new member of the species that’s born is a reason to celebrate!

Read the web page. Match sections A–E with the information 1–6. 1

discounts and special offers E

information about sharks

how long the zoo has been open

members of the horse family

living things we need to grow food

the importance of mosquitoes

3 Read the web page again. Are the sentences T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn't say)? 1

Animals depend on bees.

There would be negative effects if all the mosquitoes in the world died.

Horses are social animals.

If a donkey feels scared, it won’t move.

Dr Betancourt will give talks every day during the summer.

4 GROUP WORK Which animal from the text should win each prize? Why? The most beautiful

Sustainable Development

GOAL 15 LIFE ON LAND

The most boring

Workbook p.58

The scariest looking

I think mosquitoes are the strangest animals. The females bite other animals for their blood!

Zoos can help in the fight against mass extinction, protecting endangered animals and increasing their numbers to release them back into the wild one day. Have you ever been to a zoo? Did you enjoy the experience? What animals did you see? Activity card: Values

The friendliest

The strangest

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Zero, first and second conditional (review)

Listen to the advert for Shark Time. Select the verbs you hear. Grammar review

It’s Shark Time!

Learn about these magnificent creatures on Animal World TV. Here are some fun facts to get you started:

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p.120

1 I f a shark loses teeth, new teeth would grow / grow and replace them. 0 2 When the sun goes down, sharks look / looked for food. 3 If an unborn shark develops teeth, it would eat / will eat its siblings before they are born! 4 If an orca attacks a shark, the shark will lose / would lose. Orcas are bigger and smarter. 5 If you found a whale shark in the ocean, you wouldn’t need / won’t need to worry. They’re the largest shark species, but they don’t attack humans. 6 If there was one drop of blood in 100 litres of water, a great white shark would smell / will smell it!

GRAMMAR

ON THE GO VIDEO

COMMON ERRORS

Zero, first and second conditional

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If a great white shark stops swimming, it would die.

Zero conditional for general truths First conditional for future possibilities

Second conditional for impossible or unlikely situations

If / When there’s blood in the water, sharks go to investigate it.

If a great white shark stopped swimming, it would die.

If we go to the aquarium today, we’ll see the bull sharks.

If sharks lived here, no one would ever go swimming again!

Read the sentences 1–6 from Ex 1 again. Are they 0 (zero conditional), 1 (first conditional) or 2 (second conditional)?

Complete Alec’s diary entry with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

If people visit a zoo, what will they learn?

If you could travel around the world on a yacht, where would you go?

What happens if a shark loses a tooth?

PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. 1

When we have good weather, my dad 1 takes (take) me to the local lake and rents a boat. Last week, he told me that if he gets a promotion at work this year, he 2 … (buy) a boat. If he bought a boat, then we 3 … (go) to the sea! If I 4 … (make) a lot of money, I’ll buy a yacht! And if I 5 … (live) on a yacht, I 6 … (travel) to all the cool places in the world and see the amazing fish that live there!

If a shark loses a tooth, it grows a new one! I think I saw that on TV.

Finished? p.90

Workbook p.55

37 83

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Animal actions

Look at the pictures and select the correct answers. Then listen and check. 1

Ca to attack / to hide

to protect / to chase

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to sting / to bite

to defend / to hide

ge to hunt / to protect

to sting / to chase

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Put the letters in the correct order to make words from Ex 1. 1

A honeybee can … (gsnit) only once in its life.

If you see a bear, don’t run. If you run, the bear will probably … (sheac) you.

Some experts think a zebra’s stripes help it to … (dhei) from other animals, such as lions. But other experts disagree.

Some sharks like to … (tunh) at night when other animals can’t see them as well.

Be careful! Kangaroos sometimes … (tatkac) people if they think they are in danger.

Mosquitoes … (tibe) some people more than others because of their smell.

Some birds act dead to … (tropcet) their nest.

Elephants often work together to … (dendef) their babies from dangerous animals.

Listen to the interview. Which animals do James and Max talk about? zebra

donkey

orca

lion

blue jeans frog

whale shark

Listen again. Answer the questions. Why did he publish a book?

What happened to the lion in Max’s story?

What did Max see in the rainforests of Central America?

Where does Max want to go next? Why?

a tropical rainforest

a desert

What is Max’s book about?

5 1

What animals, birds and insects might you see in these places?

Which ones would you like to see? Why?

Which ones wouldn’t you like to see? Why?

Finished? p.90

Workbook p.56

GROUP WORK Look at the pictures and discuss the questions.

There are a lot of mosquitoes in rainforests. I wouldn’t want to see, hear or feel those! Mosquitoes always bite me.

to bite / to hunt

U to hide / to sting

the ocean

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

unless and as long as

Read the rules. Then select the correct answers in questions 1–4. Grammar review

Blue Canyon National Park

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p.121

• Hiking is not allowed unless you have a guide. • Wild animals will not attack unless they feel unsafe. • Rock climbers are welcome as long as they wear orange helmets for safety. • You may camp overnight as long as you have a reservation.

Please pay attention to the signs!

Hiking is / is not allowed if you have a guide.

Wild animals will / will not attack if they feel unsafe.

Rock climbers are welcome only if they don’t wear / wear orange helmets for safety.

You may not / may camp overnight only if you have a reservation

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COMMON ERRORS

unless / as long as

Except you’re in Africa, you won’t see zebras in the wild.

unless = except if

Turtles don’t hide in their shells unless they feel unsafe.

as long as = only if

Black bears won’t attack as long as you don’t go too close.

Unless you’re in Africa, you won’t see zebras in the wild.

Match the sentence halves. 1

The bear probably wouldn’t attack a hiker

A as long as it’s female. Males don’t sting.

Unless you go to Africa,

unless the hiker came near its babies.

Yes, a bee can sting you

frogs are happy jumping around on land.

As long as there is fresh water nearby,

Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. I wouldn’t visit a national park if I didn’t have good walking shoes. (unless)

I wouldn’t visit a national park unless I had good walking shoes. 3

I won’t go to the zoo if we can’t see the mandrill monkeys. (unless)

An animal won’t bite you if it doesn’t feel scared. (unless)

I will go camping next to the lake only if there aren’t any mosquitoes. (as long as)

Change the sentences from Ex 3 so they are true for you.

PAIRWORK Discuss your sentences. Do you and your partner have similar ideas?

I would travel to Africa only if I could see zebras. (as long as)

D you won’t see zebras in the wild.

I wouldn’t visit a national park unless I knew there were no dangerous bears! As long as I knew where the bears lived, I wouldn’t be worried.

Finished? p.90

Workbook p.57

SPEAKING

Making polite suggestions

Look at the pictures. What does Eric ask Antonia about? Listen and check.

Listen again. Select the correct answers. 1

Eric / Antonia suggests going to Africa together.

Antonia is interested in making videos / becoming a vet.

Eric and Antonia plan to write a blog / film a vlog about their trip.

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Eric is worried about organising the trip / the cost of the trip.

Antonia / Eric thinks they should ask their families for money.

Antonia / Eric wants to get a job and save money.

Complete the Useful language. Then listen and check.

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USEFUL LANGUAGE 1

If you went to South Africa, you could go on a safari!

How … together?

… have a great time, … go alone?

… made a vlog about it?

… we are serious about this, … go after we leave school.

… get jobs there?

4 PAIRWORK Read the cards. Then write notes to plan a two-week trip to Europe that makes you both happy.

Student B: Silvia Interested in: the environment and trying new food Wants to travel to: the UK, the Netherlands, Italy

Pronunciation

p.133

Student A: Pablo Interested in: history and learning new languages Wants to travel to: Italy, Germany

5 PAIRWORK Role play a conversation planning your two-week trip. Use your notes from Ex 4 to help you and the Useful language to make polite suggestions. We could travel together to all four countries, unless you’d prefer to travel somewhere alone.

Let’s stay together, but four countries in two weeks is a lot of travelling! What if we first flew to ... ?

WRITING

A persuasive advert

1 Read the advert. What is it persuading people to do? Why? ANIMAL PROTECTION CHARITY TO SAVE THE KOALAS OF AUSTRALIA A Everyone loves koalas. 1 But did you know almost

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33% of them have died since 2018? The biggest dangers are from people. People cut down trees where koalas live. If koalas lose their trees, they don’t have a home. 2 What other dangers are there for koalas? Sometimes there are wildfires in spring and summer. Dry conditions make the fires spread quickly. If we don’t protect their homes, the koalas will die. 3 Can you help us?

Animals in Danger

What can we do to help protect koalas? Animals in Danger will not stop. First, we are working with local communities to stop people destroying the koalas’ homes. Second, we are asking the government to improve laws to protect their natural habitat. Finally, we are promoting environmental action in schools. 4

C 5 Do you want some good news? You can help save these beautiful

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animals! We help hundreds of koalas each year. You can make a onetime donation and we will send you a photo of the koala you have helped. If you send a monthly donation, you will receive new photos each month. Your money also helps protect their homes. And it will help us to improve our animal health clinics, which save animals injured in fires. You can also help by volunteering. Koalas depend on us in this changing world. 6 Will you help us to save their lives?

2 Read the advert again. Match 1–3 with the sections A–C. 1

Explains two types of donations.

Gives a statistic about koala numbers.

Makes a promise to keep helping koalas.

3 Key Competencies 1

ook at the table. Summarise the L information from the advert that supports main idea A.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Reasons for using questions A B C

Main idea

Supporting ideas

…

People cut down trees

where koalas live.

summarise the information that supports it.

to help an animal in danger. Write notes.

What animal is in danger? What is the danger? What problems have made life difficult for this animal? How could your classmates help?

6 Write your advert. Use your notes from

2 Find main idea B in the advert and

5 Plan an advert to convince your classmates

he biggest T dangers are from people.

t o catch the reader’s attention with a surprising fact 1 to keep the reader’s attention and see if they know the answer to ask for help to offer hope and present a solution

Match questions 1–6 in the advert with their purpose A–D from the Useful language. Then listen and check.

Ex 5 to help you.

Remember to: Use questions to catch the reader’s attention, present a solution and ask for help. Organise your advert into clear paragraphs to describe the problem and offer solutions.

Workbook p.59

CLIL

Biology

CLIL VIDEO

The amazing octopus

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We share the planet with millions of animal species, but what do we know about their behaviour? Are they intelligent? How complex are their emotions? Dr Angela Williams has spent her life doing research on these questions, and there’s one animal that has really caught her attention: the octopus. What she found out has changed the way we see this creature.

Until I was 12, I only knew them as scary monsters in stories and films. One day, I went to an aquarium. I was looking at the different fish in the tank when I noticed a different shape – it was an octopus. At first, it was difficult to see because it had changed its colour to match the black stones around it. After some time, it started walking towards me. Then it stopped and looked right at me. I knew it wouldn’t look away unless I did. It was as curious about me as I was about it. I couldn’t believe it! Its skin changed to red and finally to a white colour. I later learned that red is the colour they use to show excitement and white is the colour of a relaxed octopus. The octopus I saw was showing emotions! I had such an incredible experience that I haven’t stopped studying octopuses since that day.

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Why did you decide to study octopuses?

Watch the video. Match the words to make sentences about animals. 1

Cats

Birds

Elephants

Bees

Whales

Parrots

make a hissing sound

after a family member dies.

dance

to show fear.

sing

to show where food is.

call out

human words.

show sadness

to defend their territory.

learn and say

to communicate, teach each other and hunt.

Cats make a hissing sound to show fear.

questions. 1

independently

without being connected or controlled by something

5 Read the interview again. Answer the

words with the correct definition.

Why is Dr Williams a good person to talk about octopuses?

known by a lot of people

the way an animal makes itself difficult to see by matching what is around it

Why was it difficult for Dr Williams to see the octopus in the tank?

a coloured liquid

something on an animal that helps it to stick to an object

What surprised her the first time she saw an octopus?

How is camouflage useful for octopuses?

an animal that kills and eats other animals

a glass container that holds water

What happens when an octopus loses an arm?

in the direction of something or someone

How do octopuses use their suckers?

She has been studying them for a long time.

behavior

Read the interview and check your answer to Ex 2.

4 Read the interview again. Match the blue

behaviour

2 Look at the pictures. What do you know about this animal?

7 What is the most amazing thing about an octopus? There are about 300 types of octopus, but they all share similarities. They change colour not just to show emotions, but to camouflage themselves with their environment. This skill gives them an advantage when hunting and it helps them to hide and escape from predators. They can also use their ink to protect themselves from a predator. They can even remove one of their arms to distract them. And then they can grow a new arm! They have blue blood and three hearts. They can swim and walk. But when they swim, one of their hearts stops. This makes them feel tired quickly, so they prefer walking.

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found a pipe in the room it was in and went through the pipe and out into the Pacific Ocean. They have also worked out how to open jars and take photos! Octopuses are very curious, too. They use each sucker on their arms to taste, touch and explore everything around them. Each arm also has its own brain, which means that an octopus has nine brains! They can do different things at the same time because each arm works independently. What do you want people to know about octopuses? Octopuses are very different from us. But if you take the time to get to know them, you will discover that they are curious, fascinating creatures. There is a lot of ourselves that we can recognise in our eight-legged friends.

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Do octopuses think? Yes! And they are great problem-solvers, too! Octopuses are well known for being able to escape from places. An octopus in an aquarium in New Zealand got out of its tank,

6 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions.

Sustainable Development

What interesting facts about animals do you know?

Which animal’s behaviour surprises you the most? Why?

GOAL 14 LIFE BELOW WATER Around 30% of all marine species are at risk of extinction because of human activities. Some of the marine animals at greatest risk include species of whale, shark, dolphin and turtle.

Cats can show many emotions. I’ve seen my cat show fear, anger, joy and love.

What do you think the main threats to marine species are? Work with a partner to make a list. Activity card: Values

DISCUSS step

IATION

N M

IO AT

PLAN

ME D

step

DIAT I

Share your ideas with the class. Vote for the animal that you found most amazing.

step

IATION

EXTEND

Choose a side, prepare and have a debate: Do animals have emotions?

What do you think are the most amazing animals? What makes an animal amazing? Consider intelligence, DIATION strength, Eemotion, loyalty and other characteristics.

MINI PROJECT

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Choose one animal to focus on and research what makes it amazing. Consider whether the animal you have chosen is intelligent or feels emotions.

UNIT 7: FAST FINISHER 1

Select the correct answers to make animal facts. Did you know that butterflies / turtles actually have four wings, not two?

Some sea animals have got shells / wings to protect themselves.

Did you know that only female mosquitoes / sharks bite humans?

We saw a cute zebra / turtle come out of the sea onto the beach.

Zebras / Butterflies all have unique striped patterns. They are not all the same!

Some types of butterfly have transparent wings / fur.

Bees / Butterflies are only dangerous if you’re allergic to them.

Polar bears have transparent wings / fur! It’s not actually white!

Most sharks / donkeys have bigger ears than horses do.

I read that zebras / sharks don’t have bones!

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Many animals would lose their homes if there is another flood.

If the local population of frogs disappears, animals such as birds and fish would suffer.

If the surfer saw a shark, he would swam to the shore.

If we don’t look after the Earth, many animals disappear.

A butterfly will fall if it didn’t move its wings.

If donkeys have a choice, they would prefer to be with other animals.

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will

2 Correct the errors.

Complete the sentences. 1

Elephants travel in groups and protect their babies from danger.

Mosquitoes … millions of people every year.

A bear might … you if you start to run.

Some sharks like to … for food at nighttime.

The baby elephant tried to … itself against the hungry lion.

A lion won’t usually … a human unless it’s very hungry.

Not all bees can … .

Octopuses can change colour to … from predators.

Complete the sentences so they are true for you. I would go on a safari as long as …

I would study in another country as long as …

Unless it was dangerous, I would …

I will study … after school unless …

DIGITAL T OLKIT

Digital Practice

Interactive eBook

Videos

Games & Spin the Wheel

Learning Situation: CLIL Project

Unit 7 Worksheets

LEARNING TO LEARN

1 Select the emotions you’ve felt when studying or doing school activities.

angry

anxious

distracted

excited

lonely

calm focused

sad

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happy

bored

worried

2 PAIRWORK Look at the words you selected

in Ex 1 and answer the questions.

How often do you have these feelings?

What situations make you feel like this?

What do you do when you identify how you are feeling?

tip! much Tips for Top Sometimes our feelings may be too speak to idea good a to manage alone. It’s happy ng, feeli are we how ut abo to someone or. learning such as a teacher, parent or doct Do you often feel bored or distracted when you study? Or perhaps you find it hard to sit down and start your work? It is difficult to learn when we have negative feelings. The good news is that we can practise changing our feelings to study more effectively. Start by following these tips. Tip 1 – Break up your study time Have you ever tried studying for a whole morning? After a few hours, you were probably very tired. That’s why it’s best to break up long study sessions into shorter ones that last for 20–30 minutes. For example, you could divide an hour of study time into three 20-minute sessions. You can set an alarm that rings when your session has finished. Tip 2 – Take breaks What should you do after your 20- to 30-minute study session? Take a break! Five minutes is enough. Try leaving your study space and doing something relaxing. You could have a healthy snack, go out into nature or listen to your favourite song. But try to avoid doing anything too distracting. (No social media and no video games!)

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LEARNING TO LEARN TIPS Analysing your study habits

Feeling good about learning

We can sometimes study more effectively if we change the way we study. Consider how other learners study and compare their habits to yours.

Tip 3 – Study in a group Do you feel lonely when you study on your own? If so, how about asking some of your classmates to study with you? You could meet in the library, write quizzes for each other and talk about your learning goals.

I occasionally get distracted by my phone when I’m doing my geography homework.

Tip 4 – Reward yourself Well done! You’ve finished! After studying, lots of students give themselves a small reward. This helps them to feel positive and excited about studying. You can choose your own reward, and it can be almost anything. So, after studying today, why not call a friend, play basketball or take a relaxing bath?

3 Read the flyer. Match the photos A–D

4 Read the flyer again. Match the tips with

with the tips 1–4.

the problems A–E.

A ‘I feel lonely when I study.’

‘After studying for a few hours, I always feel tired and low.’

‘I can’t manage my feelings on my own.’

D ‘I often play video games for hours

5 PAIRWORK Think about your answers to Ex 1. Discuss the questions. 1

Which tips from the flyer could help you with these feelings?

Which other tips might help you with these feelings?

‘I don’t feel excited about studying.’

during my breaks.’

When I feel bored I could ...

Exactly! You can also ...

t ’ n o D ! y r r wo

UNIT

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Ca Grammar Gym

Talking about IT problems and life problems Revising the use of should / shouldn’t have and had to / didn’t have to Using the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past Understanding an online message board and conversations about problems and regrets Reassuring someone about a problem Writing an apology Learning about the science of stress Learning Situation Create a stress-busting weekly schedule.

Culture

For Real

Unit aims

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U se

What is Vicky worried about?

How does Vicky feel when her friends invite her to the beach?

What does she do when she gets stressed?

Get on it!

Watch the video and answer.

be feeling? What do you do when you feel like this?

1 Look at the picture. How might she

VOCABULARY 1

IT problems

Read the sentences 1–10 and match them with the pictures A–J. Then listen and check. Many people want to keep their information private online.

Save a copy of your essay before you send it.

You have to sign in to use this website and you should sign out when you finish using it.

You can transfer money or documents from one device to another.

When you type your password, don’t let anyone see.

Remember to update your software so it’s always the newest version.

Don’t give your bank account information to anyone. That’s your personal data!

If you don’t want to lose your favourite photos, you should back them up. I always use a USB.

Vocabulary Plus

Everything you can touch in your computer is part of the hardware, including the electronic parts.

When you buy a smartwatch, you can install an app for exercise. B

id br

p.129

U As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

1 H

2 Key Competencies 1

Divide each word into two parts. Discuss the possible meaning of each part. 1

hardware ➞ hard / ware

update

password

software

2 PAIRWORK Discuss why it might be useful to break words down like this.

Complete the post with words from Ex 1. Then listen and check.

PAIRWORK Discuss the questions.

What was the last app you installed? What do you use it for?

How do you keep your personal data safe?

What is the best way to back up your important documents?

Finished? p.102

The last app I installed was a social media app called ...

I want to learn more about computers, so I’m taking an IT class. Last week, I learned how to 1 install 2 … in computers. It was difficult because we had to open the computers to do it. This week, we’re learning how to 3 … information … . I didn’t know there are so many ways to steal your 4 … , so it’s important to have a strong 5 … . It’s also a good idea to 6 … them regularly and to 7 … when you finish using websites on computers that other people use. Next week, I will learn how to 8 … all my homework online. I don’t want to lose it!

Workbook p.62

READING 1 Look at the messages quickly. What is their purpose? A to discuss new

online games

Ca Annie

to ask for help and to give solutions

Hello, I’m having an issue with my new phone. Can someone help me to figure out how to transfer my pictures from my old phone to the new one? The best way to upload everything to your new phone is to use the cloud. The data can then be safely stored or transferred to the new phone.

id br

m Annie

Tom

Woah, definitely not cool! Even if she knew your password, it was wrong to read your emails. But you still shouldn’t have used something as basic as your pet’s name. To keep your information secure, it’s best to use a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Jenna

Oh yeah, thanks for the reminder. Anyway, as I said, I used her name, except this time I updated the number at the end from 12 to 13. But I must have done something to make my sister angry – somehow she guessed my password, read all my emails and now she’s been telling my parents all the embarrassing things she found out about me.

Geoff

Yep, it’s definitely dead. I dropped it in a sink full of soapy water and now it won’t even turn on. Should I have put it in a bowl of rice? I’ve heard that’s a possible solution. You can still try that, but you should have done it immediately. You shouldn’t have taken your phone anywhere near water!

Annie

You shouldn’t have told me – or anyone – your password!

Geoff

Unfortunately, my old phone is broken. And I didn’t back up any of my data! I suppose I should have learned how to use the cloud before this ... Are you sure your phone is completely broken?

Annie

Tom

Geoff

to discuss mistakes

Hi, Jenna! I had to choose a new password for my email account, but I can never remember things, so I always just use my cat’s name: Chewy.

I’m afraid I don’t know how to do that. I’m not familiar with the cloud. Is there another way?

If that’s too challenging, connect your phone to your computer with a cable. Copy everything from the old phone to the computer and then to the new device.

Annie

Jenna

OK, what do you think of 7-Bb-!?

Tom

Tom! What did we just discuss about sharing your password?!

Geoff

Jenna

Yes, I know. If I hadn’t dropped it, it would still be working now.

Read the messages. Which probems do they talk about? A transferring data C

keeping information private

3 Read the messages again. Match the

sentences with the users – A (Annie), G (Geoff), T (Tom) or J (Jenna).

Be careful where you take your phone.

You just made the same mistake again!

I don’t want others to know my private information.

I’m not sure. What else do you suggest?

and Tom should have or shouldn’t have done? Why? Annie should have ...

Yes. She didn’t need to use the phone near the sink.

install an app save a copy of a document transfer data from one device to another upload a post to social media

I had to install a different app because ... . But ...

Next time, you should ...

Sustainable Development

4 PAIRWORK What do you think Annie

you had with IT. Use the ideas in the box. Give your partner advice.

Why didn’t I do it earlier?

5 PAIRWORK Talk about a problem or regret

D updating software

I’ve used a similar password 13 times. T

creating a safe password

GOAL 17 PARTNERSHIP FOR THE GOALS It’s important that we work with others to achieve the things we want and need in life. This includes sharing our knowledge, skills and experience as well as the material resources we have. Discuss a time when you helped someone and when someone helped you to achieve a goal. Activity card: Values

Workbook p.66

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

should / shouldn’t have vs. had to / didn’t have to

Complete the email with the words in the box. Then listen and check. didn’t have to

had to should have

shouldn’t have

Grammar review

did we have to

From: Camila To: Mariana

p.117

Hi, Mariana

id br

I need your help. My phone is broken. Some buttons weren’t working, and I was so annoyed that I hit it on the table. I 1 shouldn't have done that because it’s very old. Anyway, I know I 2 … do anything except send you the pictures for the project, but I can’t access any apps now. I can take the pictures again with my mum’s phone, but I can’t send them until this evening because she’s at work. I also 3 … finish an essay for our geography class, but it’s on my phone! 4 … send it today? I don’t know what to do. Maybe I 5 … saved it somewhere else! Thanks, Camila

U should have

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

I should have changed my password, but I didn’t.

We shouldn’t have shared our personal data online! That wasn’t sensible.

COMMON ERRORS

had to

I had to log in to use the website so I entered my email and password.

We didn’t have to update our software because we had the newest version already.

Complete the message. Use should / shouldn’t have or had to / didn’t have to and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check.

I should have installed better software. Why didn’t I?

PAIRWORK Choose one of the situations and tell your partner about it. Respond using should / shouldn’t have or had to / didn’t have to.

•

You didn’t save a copy of your work on the computer.

•

You didn’t back something up and you lost it.

•

You did homework but forgot to send it.

•

Someone opened your email account because you didn’t have a strong password.

Our favourite band came to town, and I got tickets for Nick and me, but I made a huge mistake! I 1 had to book (book) the tickets for 30 July because we were both free that day. I received a confirmation email, so I thought I 2 … (print) the tickets. I probably 3 … (read) the email because when we got to the concert on 30 July, the man at the door said I 4 … (print) them. Nick was very calm, but I wasn’t and I ignored what Nick was saying. I was too busy trying to find the confirmation email. When I finally found it, I realised that the tickets were for the next day, 31 July! I 5 … (check) the date before the concert. So we 6 … (go back) the next day. I made sure to print the tickets! I also apologised to Nick. I 7 … (ignore) him. What else do you think I 8 … (do) differently?

I had to install better software. Why didn’t I?

When I chose a new password, I used my name and my date of birth. You shouldn’t have used your name because ...

Finished? p.102

Workbook p.63

37 95

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Life problems

Listen and put the pictures in the order you hear them. B

Vocabulary plus

p.129

Ca Match 1–8 with A–H.

id br

Why do you always put

A telling the truth?

I know you had an

for these animals?

Do you regret

off studying until the day of the exam?

Before you hand

D trouble pronouncing English words?

Why did you waste

argument with Sam, but what was it about?

I’m not feeling

stressed about the test because I studied for it.

Who is responsible

Do you have

H in your homework, put your name at the top.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

G time copying the question? We just need to write the answers.

Listen to the conversations. Do they talk about P (problems) or R (regrets)? A Conversation 1 B

Conversation 2

Conversation 3

Listen again. Select the correct answers. 1

Ben used a website to … A write his homework.

5 Key Competencies 1

Technology project Work in pairs to design an app. Students have one week to complete their apps.

B search for some ideas. 2

Ben handed in an advert about … A Greece. B the US.

Caroline

e’re wasting time! We don’t need to W plan the app first. Let’s make it now!

Rose

o, I disagree. If we plan the app first, N we won’t make mistakes.

Students have to take a test before … A midnight.

Caroline’s suggestion isn’t bad, but it could be problematic because ...

B one film

Caroline and Rose argued because … A Caroline was creating problems

with an app.

B they wanted to work differently. 6

Rose … when she worked with Nick. A was unkind B made a robot

Finished? p.102

Workbook p.64

PAIRWORK Agree on what Caroline and Rose should do next. Give reasons. I think that Caroline and Rose should ...

A where he was born

Beth thinks that Chris should have chosen … as his secret question.

B midday. 4

AIRWORK Discuss Caroline’s and Rose’s P suggestions. Who do you agree with? Why?

AIRWORK Look at the notice. Discuss P what the students should do first.

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Third conditional

Listen and complete the conversation. Grammar review

Sara

What’s up, Joe?

Joe I’m just thinking about the video game design competition.

I feel responsible for our team losing. If we 1 hadn't wasted so much time talking about video games and actually worked on our designs, we 2 … have won!

Sara

p.121

id br

h, Joe. It isn’t your fault. If everyone 3 … worked as hard O as you, your game wouldn’t 4 … been so difficult to play. It was a cool idea. It just didn’t work very well.

Joe I know. I 5 … have put Sam in charge of programming if I’d 6

… he can’t write code!

GRAMMAR

GYM

VIDEO

Third conditional to imagine different results in the past

I would have done better in the test if I hadn’t put off studying for so long.

What would you have done, if I hadn’t helped you to recover your computer files?

COMMON ERRORS

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

If Dan had updated his software, he would have been able to open the files.

If I have studied more, I wouldn’t have felt stressed. If I had studied more, I wouldn’t have felt stressed.

Match 1–6 with A–F. 1

I wouldn’t have felt so stressed in the test

A she wouldn’t have lost everything.

They wouldn’t have lost the competition

if you hadn’t passed your test?

We wouldn’t have got into trouble

I would have bought it.

If the new software had been cheaper,

D if they hadn’t wasted so much time.

If Anna had backed up her hard drive,

if I had studied more.

Would you have regretted it

if we’d told the truth.

Rewrite the sentences using the third conditional. 1

I didn’t pass my exam because I was tired.

I didn’t go to bed early because I had so much homework.

You had so much homework because you didn’t do it last week.

I didn’t do it last week because I didn’t have time.

You were tired because you didn’t go to bed early!

I would have passed my exam if I hadn’t been tired.

You felt stressed about giving a presentation.

Your friend put off doing their homework.

You won the lottery.

PAIRWORK Say what would have happened. Use the third conditional.

If I hadn’t felt stressed about giving the presentation, I wouldn’t ...

Finished? p.102

Workbook p.65

Reassuring someone about a problem

SPEAKING

FOR REAL VIDEO

1 Look at the picture. What are the

advantages and disadvantages of having different group chats?

Listen to the conversation. Why is Nathan worried?

Ca 3

id br

Listen to the Useful language. Then listen to the conversation again. Which phrases do you hear?

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Maybe (you shouldn’t have …), but … You know, ...

I felt the same way when …

Trust me, …

Just explain that …

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Don’t worry, it’ll be OK.

Listen again. Are the sentences T (true) or F (false)? Correct the false sentences. 1

Nathan had an argument with Eva and James.

Nathan and Eva had an argument. 2

The argument was about how cold the drinks were.

Clara thinks that what Nathan said about Eva was horrible.

Nathan used the wrong chat to talk with James.

Clara told her mum and sister about what James said.

Clara suggests explaining what happened to Eva and apologising.

5 PAIRWORK Choose one of the situations and role play a conversation. Take turns to reassure your partner.

You were unkind to a friend, and they don’t talk to you any more.

You didn’t understand a lesson at school and you have an exam soon.

Your mum asked you to buy something from the supermarket, but you forgot about it because you were out with friends.

Trust me, you can ask Mr Smith to explain the topic again. I’m sure he ...

Pronunciation

p.133

You failed an exam and don’t know how to tell your parents about it.

WRITING

A message of apology

1 Read the messages. What is the main topic?

Complete the Useful language with words from the messages. Then listen and check.

A being in the orchestra B

why Sophie hasn’t been in contact

the length of a friendship

USEFUL LANGUAGE

I’m 1 … sorry that …

LUCAS

What 2 … was …

I 3 … I should(n’t) have ( … ) …

sophie

It was 4 … (rude) of me.

id br

How are things with you, Lucas? I’m so sorry that I haven’t been in touch. I’ve been a really bad friend.

I didn’t 5 … to (upset) … I 6 … (it won’t happen again).

lucas

Yeah, I was worried when you stopped coming to orchestra practice. I only joined because you wouldn’t stop saying how great it was and that I should join, too. Why did you stop going right after I joined the orchestra?

U ni

sophie

lucas

I’m sure you saw that I kept calling you to check if you were OK, but you never answered. sophie

I know I shouldn’t have put off talking to you. It was really rude of me to ghost you like that. lucas

Yes, it definitely was. If you’d talked to me, I would have understood. Our friendship is important to me. sophie

I didn’t mean to upset you. I’m sorry, Lucas. I regret not calling you. I should have done that at least. lucas

I know your reasons now, so I guess it’s OK. sophie

the questions. 1

Why does Sophie write to Lucas?

How does Lucas feel about her missing orchestra practice?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

What happened was that one week, there was no one to take me there, and it’s a very long walk there and back. Then, I didn’t go because I was embarrassed about not having gone the week before. And then I tried to forget it and stopped thinking about it.

3 Read the messages again. Answer

Why does Lucas accept Sophie’s apology?

Do they stay friends? How do you know?

4 Choose a situation and write notes for a message of apology to a friend. Use the ideas in the box or your own idea. You forgot to go to your friend’s party. Someone asked you to keep something private and you didn’t.

Why are you apologising? What happened? What should you have done? What will you do next time?

5 Write your message of apology.

Use your notes from Ex 4 to help you.

I knew you would like it because you’re such a talented musician.

We were friends for ages before this. Why don’t we meet up to talk? sophie

I’d like that. How about we meet for ice cream at that café we used to go to at 2.00 pm tomorrow?

Remember to:

lucas

sophie

Yes, I do. It’s a challenge because there’s a lot to learn, but I love it!

lucas

Why did Sophie miss orchestra practice the first time?

I promise it won’t happen again. Do you still go to orchestra practice?

Use the Useful language. Say what you did wrong and explain why it happened. Use should / shouldn’t have, had to / didn’t have to and the third conditional.

lucas

Sounds great!

Workbook p.67

CULTURE

Stress

CULTURE VIDEO www.healthforteens.com

WHAT HAPPENS TO US WHEN WE FEEL STRESSED?

id br

Stress feels like a completely normal part of being human. It’s something that everyone deals with at some point. In fact, some people seem to live with stress as a permanent feature of their lives. Stress is everywhere in the world from America to Africa, from Asia to Europe and it’s getting worse. Stress levels are higher for each new generation. This is why it’s essential for us to understand what stress is and how to manage it.

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It is very common now for people to talk about stress, but it wasn’t always this way. It was less than a century ago that the concept of stress started to develop due to the work of the Hungarian scientist Hans Selye. Understanding what stress is, what causes it and what it does to our body can help us to recognise and deal with it. So, what is stress? Well, put simply, it’s the worry we feel, usually caused by a problem or an uncomfortable situation.

People stress for different reasons. Some worry about their relationship with a friend, family member or colleague. Others feel worried when moving to a new city or changing schools or jobs. And some people get incredibly stressed if they forget the password to their social media account. But what happens to us when we feel stressed?

Watch the video.

Which study tips does it mention?

A Find a comfortable place to revise.

D Write a revision diary.

Create a revision timetable.

Exercise regularly.

Listen to relaxing music.

Take long, deep breaths.

Answer the questions.

to produce a salty liquid that comes out of the skin sweat

Why is it good to understand what happens to us when we’re stressed?

to find it difficult to do something

What is stress?

the way people feel about and behave toward each other

What makes people feel stressed?

in a way that is easy to understand

What happens to our body and mind when we’re stressed?

the state of happiness and health

Is it good to feel stressed at times? Why?

showing strong emotions

the ability to think about the thing you are doing and nothing else

What is the first thing you can do about stress?

What else can you do?

to deal with something and succeed

100

4 Read the article again.

Read the article. Match the blue words in the article with the correct definitions.

2 Look at the pictures. What situations make you feel the same way? Why?

8 HOME | NEWS | ARTICLES | ABOUT US | GET HELP Most of the time, once the situation that caused the stress in the first place has changed, your body goes back to normal. But if the situation continues for a long time, you may feel anxious, sad, have headaches and struggle to sleep.

Stress affects our body and mind in different ways. It can make us feel emotional, tired or angry. Sometimes it can make our heart beat faster, make us breathe faster and even sweat. It can also make us sleep less, eat more or less than we usually do and affect our concentration.

So, what can you do about it? Well, first, identify what causes you the most stress. Once you know the cause of your stress, you can come up with a plan to deal with it. You should also try to keep a daily routine, spend time with your family and friends and share how you’re feeling with them, get a good night’s sleep, relax every day and exercise regularly.

id br

Remember, stress isn’t always bad. One of Hans Selye’s important ideas was the concept of ‘eustress’ or ‘good stress’.

In recent years, people have started to look to Eastern cultures for cures for their stress. Practices like yoga and meditation, which come from Hindu and Buddhist traditions, are more popular now than ever before. The important thing to remember though, is that the cure for stress is different for everyone, so don’t worry if one technique isn’t working for you and don’t get stressed about the fact that stress exists!

This is the stress that motivates us and helps us to overcome challenges. Selye called bad stress ‘distress’. The way we respond to this type of stress is what makes the difference in our well-being.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

5 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions. 1

Sustainable Development

Which of these things makes you feel the most stressed? Why? •

exams

•

problems with friends

•

big changes in your life

•

world events

GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

In 2022, Collins Dictionary chose ‘permacrisis’ as their word of the year. It is made by adding the prefix perma to crisis.

Do you think it’s possible to avoid stress completely? Why or why not?

Do you know anyone who gets very stressed? How could you help them?

What do you think this word means? What world events does it describe and does it explain the increasing rates of stress in the world? Activity card: Values

DISCUSS

IATION

N M

IO AT

PLAN

ME D

step

Present your ranking to the class and explain why your top-ranked methods for dealing with stress are the most useful.

DIAT I

IATION

step

Create a stress-busting weekly schedule.

EXTEND

What do you do when you feel stressed? Which of the techniques for dealing with stress in the article would T I ON DIAlike to try? Why? Eyou

step

MINI PROJECT

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Do some research into different ways of dealing with stress. Produce a list and rank the ideas from most to least useful.

101

UNIT 8: FAST FINISHER 1

Some words in bold are incorrect. Correct the incorrect words. 1

Why does she want to save the information private?

You can transfer the video from my phone to yours.

Did you remember to keep your files up?

Can you back this game on my phone?

Please don’t tell me your password. You must not share it.

Remember to sign in when you finish using the website.

I didn’t know that the keyboard on my laptop is part of the computer’s software.

Is my place of birth an example of personal update?

Where did you install the copy of your job application? I can’t find it.

How often should I hardware my software?

keep

id br

Put the letters in the correct order to make words.

I’m not responsible (elbisnopser) for cleaning your room.

Why are you feeling … (ssstreed) about school right now?

I can’t … (nhda) my homework in on time. I haven’t done it.

I had an … (mntergau) with my best friend and I feel terrible now.

I don’t often have … (euoltrb) with maths.

Don’t … (tpu) off talking to Sam about what happened.

Do you … (trgree) saying those things to your friends?

He … (ssatwe) too much time on social media.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

3 Complete the post with the correct form of the verbs in the box and should have, shouldn’t have, had to, didn’t have to or the third conditional. choose choose

try

understand

waste

write

When I was learning English in school, I 1 should have tried to read or listen to

something in English every day. At first, I was enthusiastic and found lots of articles, but I

had trouble understanding the vocabulary. I 2 …

time looking up every new word in a dictionary. I think that I 3 … down one or two useful words or two new words a day, I 4 … a lot more when

DIGITAL T OLKIT

At school, I … between Spanish and French 5

as my second foreign language. I chose French, but I regret that as my friends, but I liked Spanish better. If I 6 … Spanish, I could went to Paris instead. We 7 … to France or Spain, but most people did because it’s a good way to practise and learn more about the

Videos

Learning Situation: Culture Project

culture. What about you? What do you regret about your time in school so far? Is there anything you think you 8 … differently?

102

Games & Spin the Wheel

Unit 8 Worksheets

have gone on the school trip to Barcelona, my favourite city. But I

Digital Practice

decision now. I chose it because I wanted to be in the same class

Interactive eBook

I took my exams!

and learned those instead. If I had learned one

REVIEW 1 Choose an animal and write a short fact file about it (80–90 words). Use words and phrases from the boxes to help you. attack

bite

as long as

chase

defend

If … then …

fur

If … will …

hide

hunt sting

wing When …

shark

bee

id br

If … would … not … unless

zebra

2 GROUP WORK Share your fact files. Then answer the questions.

What was the most interesting fact about each animal?

What other facts could you add to the fact files?

Which animal would you most like to see in the wild? Why?

6 How do how you feel about discussing IT

problems and reassuring people? Select a number and explain your choice.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

your own idea

1 = I need more time

Self-assessment

to practise.

6 = I feel very confident doing this.

3 PAIRWORK How do you feel talking about

animals and what they do? Select a number and explain your choice to a partner. 1 = I need more time

Self-assessment 1

to practise.

6 = I feel very confident doing this.

4 Choose one of the problems. Write a

message asking for advice on an online message board.

how to create a strong password

7 Choose one of these ways to practise English and try it!

how to stop wasting time online

What would you like to learn to do on your computer or phone? Look online and find out how to do it.

how to upload big files to social media

•

5 Swap your message with a partner. Write

Listen to a news podcast for teens. Tell your class which podcast you listened to and which story was the most interesting.

•

Find out how to play the game ‘Consequences’. Teach it to your friends and play it with them.

a reply to the message giving reassurance and advice.

•

how to keep your personal data private

103

e h t n I news

UNIT

Unit aims Talking about the news and using compound adjectives Using reported statements, instructions, questions and requests Understanding news stories and a radio news bulletin Giving and reacting to news

Learning about fake news Learning Situation Record a local news report.

Grammar Gym

CLIL

id br

Writing an article for a school newspaper

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

U se

What did the artists want their mural to tell people?

What did the presenters want to do during the football match?

Why did Ms Sheridan win a prize?

Get on it!

104

Watch the video and answer.

How do you get your news?

1 Look at the picture. What is their job?

VOCABULARY 1

News

Look at the pictures and select the correct answers. Then listen and check. 2

catch / criminal

catch fire / rescue

catch / thief p.130

trap / fire alarm

Vocabulary Plus

id br arrest / crime

remain calm / smoke

arrest / steal 11

rescue / smoke 12

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

ni Co

crime / fire alarm

catch fire / steal

remain calm / criminal

Copy and complete the table with the words from Ex 1. Nouns

criminal

thief / trap

Verbs

trap

Complete the news reports with the correct form of the words from Ex 1. Then listen and check.

News Today

The Daily News

Firefighters were called to a block of flats last night after neighbours heard a fire 7 … and saw grey 8 … coming out of the window. Three children aged 8, 10 and 13 were 9 … inside and needed to be 10 … . They were scared, but they remained 11 … when they saw the firefighters arrive. When police officers asked them what had happened, they said they had made pizza but had forgotten to turn off the oven and it had caught 12 … .

Yesterday evening, Mr Evans, a 35-year-old 1 criminal from London, was 2 … in the town centre. Police say he was 3 … with a bag in the shopping centre by a police officer. In the bag were luxury items including clothes, trainers and jewellery, but no receipts. Mr Evans said he hadn’t 4 … anything, but the store owner, Jenny James, said that Mr Evans is a 5 … who has stolen thousands of pounds worth of things from her store. Some people say that stealing from stores is a 6 … that doesn’t affect individual people. However, the big stores say that prices have to increase for all of us because of this type of crime.

PAIRWORK Choose a headline. Add more information to it. Bike thief caught in town centre

Lucky cat rescued from smoke

Teens rescued after being trapped in tunnel for three hours

On Friday night, Jim Collins was arrested by police officers outside a pharmacy in the city centre. He had an electric bike with him and he ...

Finished? p.114

Workbook p.70

105

READING 1 Look at the headings and pictures. What do you think each story is about? newislandnews.com

NEWS | OPINION | SPORT | LIFESTYLE

New Island News

All the news you need A rescue

Jack Smith had been worried about his elderly mother, Meg, since his father died. Meg often said that she felt lonely and that she didn’t have friends nearby any more. Then, on their daily group chat one evening, Meg told Jack and her two daughters that a man 1 into the neighbourhood. She said he was charming and that he had offered to help her to tidy her garden. Things were going well for a few months, but then she noticed that each time Brian visited, something went missing. Things that were stolen included 2 .

The Clark family woke suddenly this morning to the sound of Sebastian, David’s pet their fire alarm. David, 13, had left his phone in the living room, and while it was charging, the charger caught fire. Everyone in the family remained calm and escaped without injury. However, when the firefighters arrived minutes later, David told them that 4 was still in the house. He said Sebastian was upstairs in his bedroom at the front of the house. The fire officer in charge told David to stand back and not to panic. He then told his team to go back into the house. There was lots of black smoke, but they 5 , find David’s bedroom, open the door and rescue Sebastian. Witness Lucy Spencer, who was walking her dog at the time, said the fire was terrifying to watch. She also said she was happy that everyone was safe.

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Say cheese!

Tony Green

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Meg Smith However, the thief wasn’t very smart. Brian enjoyed taking selfies of himself holding the missing items and then putting them on social media. He was caught when Meg noticed Brian had posted a selfie with her handbag. He was arrested and when police officers searched his house, they found other stolen items. They said that they found out that Brian, 3 , had lived in many towns throughout the country. In each location, elderly people reported that when their friendly new neighbour stopped visiting, they realised that objects had disappeared. Police said this crime isn’t unusual, but what is unusual is that the criminal put all the evidence online.

David said that he should have picked up Sebastian the moment he heard the alarm and he shouldn’t have left his charger on at night. The firefighters told us that last year, there were over 33,000 house fires in the UK. They said it was a good idea to discuss what to do if a fire happens at home, especially when you’re asleep.

Read the news stories. Check your answers to Ex 1.

3 Read the news stories again. Match A–E with 1–5 in the stories. A his pet snake Sebastian B

whose real name is Tony Green

called Brian had moved 1

realise

realize

some cash and a silver picture frame

Read the news stories again. Complete the sentences with two words. Meg realised … was stealing her things.

Brian often … one town to another.

Nobody in the family was hurt when they escaped from … .

The firefighters had trouble seeing because … was so dark.

If there’s another fire, David will rescue … leaving the house.

5 PAIRWORK Imagine you are Meg or David. Tell your partner what happened.

One night, I was sleeping when I heard the fire alarm ...

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Workbook p.74

Sustainable Development

GOAL 11 SUSTAINABLE CITIES

AND COMMUNITIES The effects of man-made climate change increase the likelihood of fire. This includes not only forest fires but also urban fires. What can we do to decrease the risk of fires in our homes? What should we do in case of a fire at home, work or school? Activity card: Innovation

Jack speaks to his mum and two sisters every day.

D managed to climb the stairs

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Reported statements and instructions

Listen and complete the news report. Grammar review

The sleepy thief!

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p.121

Len and Pat Smith got a shock when they returned from holiday yesterday. There was a thief asleep on their bed! When the thief woke up, he told them he 1 was sorry. He said that he 2 … tired after a night of crime, so he 3 … a rest. But there was another surprise. He told 4 … that he 5 … the dishes before going to sleep. Then he sat down and told 6 … not to worry: he 7 … wait quietly for the police.

COMMON ERRORS

Reported statements

Emma said that there’s a lot of smoke. Emma said that there was a lot of smoke.

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She told the police (that) she wasn’t a thief. He explained (that) he had smelled smoke coming from the kitchen. I shouted that the criminal was escaping.

Reported instructions

The police told everyone to remain calm. The firefighters told people not to go back into the building.

Complete the reported speech with two words. 1

‘There’s someone in our bedroom.’

They said there was someone in their bedroom.

‘He’s a thief!’

She shouted that … a thief.

‘I’ve washed the dishes.’

‘We’re going to call the police.’

They told him they … to call the police.

‘The police are coming.’

They said the police … .

‘Don’t move!’

He explained that he … the dishes.

The police told him … move.

Complete the report with the correct form of the words in the box. have steal

is is talk

say

tell

that

will

I was in the shopping centre when I heard a woman shouting at a man. She said 1 that he 2 … her phone

and she 3 … him to give it back to her. He 4 … that he 5 … confused and he didn’t know what she 6 …

about. She told him that she 7 … call the police. He told her not to, because the phone was in her hand!

You are a reporter talking about rising crime rates.

You see someone stealing something in a shop. You are a firefighter rescuing someone from a burning building.

You see smoke coming from the window of a house.

PAIRWORK Student A uses the prompts to make a statement. Student B reports the statement. Then change roles.

That building’s on fire!

Penny said that the building was on fire.

You are a police officer arresting a criminal.

Finished? p.114

Workbook p.71

107 37

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1

Compound adjectives

Match the headlines A–H with the pictures 1–8. Then listen and check.

A World-famous singer arrives for concert

Man-eating lion escapes!

D Quick-thinking teen stops fire F Well-known store to close

C Ice-cold temperatures for the weekend!

Record-breaking run in the marathon! H Last-minute peace talks stop war

G Kind-hearted firefighter saves cat!

Ca 1

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Match the blue words in Ex 1 with the correct definition. 1

known by many people well-known

someone who can make decisions immediately

just before there is no time left

known to many people around the world

an animal that kills and eats people

a better result than ever before

showing sympathy for others and wanting to help them

extremely cold

Listen to the radio news bulletin. Put the stories in the order you hear them. A a possible emergency B

a world-famous author’s visit

a serious accident

The store manager loves the author’s books.

People in town should stay at home and lock their doors.

The boys were upset because a man took their skateboards.

A dog rescued some children from a lake.

The children at the lake were wearing winter clothes.

Susan Choong knows what she wants to do when she goes to university.

Best News is going to be at the hockey match next year.

GROUP WORK Choose a topic from Ex 3 and write notes for a short news story. Present your news to your group.

Finished? p.114

Workbook p.72

A well-known writer is going to be at a new bookshop today. T

108

Listen again. Are the sentences T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn't say)?

a nice thing to do for teenagers

D a fantastic team achievement

Last night, a quickthinking woman saw a fire in an old building in ...

GRAMMAR T 1

OLKIT

Make reported questions and requests. Use the words in brackets. 1

Grammar review

Read the messages. Change 1–5 into direct speech.

Do you know who they interviewed on the radio? (Henry / ask / her)

Henry asked her if she knew who they had interviewed on the radio.

6.50 PM

Did you see the news last night?

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They had a well-known singer called Tommy Lawrence on at the end to talk about his tour.

I love him! What did they ask him? The interviewer asked him if he’d enjoyed the tour and he said he had. Then 2 she asked him to talk about his favourite experiences from the tour. So, he said that he had enjoyed the concerts in England the most. Then 3 she asked him what he would do next. He said that he was just looking forward to having a rest. So 4 the interviewer asked him not to rest for too long because his fans wanted him to tour more. Finally, 5 she asked him to sing a song in the studio, and he did!

Can you tell us about the peace talks? (They / ask / us)

When is the store going to close? (Josie / ask / her uncle)

Could you take me to the police station? (Rebecca / ask / them)

Please don’t take my handbag! (Nina / ask / him)

Will you help me to rescue my cat? (Tom / ask / me)

What’s your favourite song?

‘Did you enjoy the tour?’

‘Can you …’

‘What …’

‘Please …’

‘Can you …’

PAIRWORK Work with a new partner. Tell them about the interview. I asked her what her favourite song was and she told me …

GRAMMAR GYM

VIDEO

Reported questions

COMMON ERRORS

Direct questions

PAIRWORK Role play an interview with your favourite musician. Ask and answer five questions / requests.

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p.121

No, why?

Reported questions and requests

Did they break the record?

He asked if they had broken the record.

What will the temperature be?

She asked what the temperature would be.

James asked can we watch the news.

Direct request

Reported request

He said to her if she could help him to rescue the cat.

Tell me about the firefighter.

I asked him to tell me about the firefighter.

He asked her if she could help him to rescue the cat.

Please don’t arrest me.

She asked the police not to arrest her.

She asked how was the criminal caught.

She asked how the criminal was caught.

Finished? p.114

James asked if we could watch the news.

Workbook p.73

109

SPEAKING

Giving and reacting to news

1 Look at the pictures. What do you think might have happened? How does the girl feel?

Listen to the conversation. Select the correct answers.

Dan received some good / bad news.

Dan’s sister / friend got her dream job.

Dan thinks he should be more / less positive.

Claire kicked / fell over her favourite singer in the store.

Claire asked for some concert tickets / pictures.

5 Key Competencies 1

Your friend’s goldfish died.

Your bike was stolen.

Complete the Useful language. Then listen and check.

Your mum won a tennis championship. Your parents booked a surprise family holiday.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

I just 1 got some (good / bad) news. That’s a pity.

I just 2 … from (my sister) that … I just found out … Good for 3 … . That’s ( … ) news! 4

AIRWORK Discuss situations P in your life when you had to react to news. Tell your partner how you reacted.

Pronunciation

Copy and complete the table with the Useful language. Then listen and check.

Oh, you’re 8 … !

You know that (band) I 7 … you about? Well …

You’ll 6 … guess …

p.133

Pablo told me that he got full marks in the test and I said I was really happy to hear that.

I’m 5 … (happy / sorry) to hear that.

AIRWORK Choose a situation P and role play a conversation giving and reacting to news. Use the Useful language.

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Ca 2

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Giving news

Reacting to news

WRITING 1

A school newspaper article

Read the article. What is a leavers’ ball?

Lake View School

HOME | NEWS | OUR COMMUNITY | ABOUT US

End of the school year: time to celebrate!

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The school year is ending, and the leavers’ ball is a hot topic for students right now. There’s no doubt it will be the perfect night to wear gorgeous clothes and have fun with friends. This week, we talked to the students who are planning the event.

Theodore is planning the music for the evening. Which bands will play? And what type of music? He said it was a surprise, but everyone would love it.

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Mei Li is taking care of food and drinks. She told us the food would make everyone happy. It’s no secret that people love burgers and pizza. But students don’t want to get their nice clothes dirty. So there will be mini pizzas and burgers. You can eat them with one hand!

These days, everyone wants something healthy, too. So there will be fruit for dessert. Drinks are still a mystery, but Mei Li told us they will match this year’s ball theme: Fire and ice!

Charlotte is planning to award prizes this year like they do at proms in the US. Unlike proms, though, there will be no prom king and queen. As Charlotte says, all students are important, and at the end of the day, we should recognise different skills and students who do well. What about students who are always kind? What about the ones who get good marks? What about the ones who do lots of school activities? This year, they will all get a prize. How do the students feel about this? Most of them are very happy and think it's a great idea. The truth is, everyone is excited about this important night. Remember, the event is for everyone, so you too can help with the planning! Tell us what you think. Stop by the school office or leave your comments here.

2 Read the article again. Answer the questions.

happen at the end of your school year. Write notes.

Which students are helping to plan the leavers’ ball?

Which bands will play?

•

What is the event?

What is different about the burgers and pizzas?

•

What will happen?

Which tradition has been borrowed from the US?

•

What do students think about the event?

How do students feel about this?

•

What do people say about it?

m en

5 Write your article. Use your notes from Ex 4 to help you.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Read and listen to the Useful language. Find the phrases in the article.

4 Plan an article about an event that will

Remember to:

There’s no doubt …

a hot topic

Give details about the event.

These days …

It’s no secret …

Report what people think and say.

At the end of the day …

The truth is …

Use the Useful language. Check your grammar and spelling.

Workbook p.75

111

CLIL

Science

CLIL VIDEO

Mateo told me he read that the earth is flat!

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In the 21st century, we have access to more information than humans have had at any point in their history. However, people increasingly believe things that are simply not true and that would be very easy to disprove. One of the main reasons for this is the spread of fake news.

Salim said that he read a story about vaccines that contain microchips!

Fake news is news stories that pretend to be true or are accepted by many people as real. These stories normally start on social media, but then they often get repeated on various websites or even in newspapers, on TV and by politicians. Why do people spread fake news? Researchers are very keen to understand why fake news spreads so easily. What they have found is that the problem starts with information overload. This happens when we have so much information that we can’t possibly evaluate it all. As a result of this overload, people naturally depend on cognitive bias, which is a habit of believing information that confirms beliefs we already have. For example, if I already believe that a politician is corrupt, I am more likely to believe stories about their crimes – even if they are fake. Another thing that researchers have found is that we are more likely to engage with information that causes an emotional reaction. The most powerful emotion for pushing engagement online is anger. This means that fake news stories that confirm peoples’ beliefs and make them angry are much more likely to be shared and spread around the internet quickly.

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My mum told me that someone posted a picture on social media of snow on the pyramids last week!

What is fake news?

Understanding the causes of the spread of fake news helps researchers to develop tools to fight against it. Researchers are already creating software to identify fake news and to fight against the use of social media to spread it. Another reason to be hopeful is that young people are much better at identifying fake news than older generations. Here are some steps to help you to be sure you aren’t spreading fake news:

Watch the video. Which ways of getting news does it mention? Make a list.

2 What does ‘fake news’ mean? Write a definition.

Read the article and check your answer to Ex 2.

The evidence … what I said earlier: The virus has … to most children in the school. That’s why there are so few people in class.

It’s obvious that she’s … ! She’s just using her political position to get rich.

The politician … not to be rich, but it’s very easy to … . Look, here’s a photo of him wearing a £20,000 watch!

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That story is very … . It says that the supermarket caught fire, but it was only a small fire in the street outside.

Information overload is when we can’t find enough information.

Cognitive bias is when we believe something because it disproves what we believed before.

People often share stories that they have strong feelings about.

Older people aren’t as good as younger people as knowing when a story is fake news.

Sustainable Development

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Digital literacy is our ability to evaluate, understand and share information – usually through the internet. The ability to recognise fake news is an important part of digital literacy. What else do you think is considered a part of digital literacy? Do you think you have good digital literacy skills? Why / Why not? Activity card: Innovation

I only engage with stories that are … to where I live. Nothing else interests me!

Most fake news stories begin online.

sentences with the correct form of the blue words in the article.

T (true) or F (false)? Correct the false sentences.

4 Read the article again. Complete the

5 Read the article again. Are the sentences

9 1. Check where the story came from by looking at the author and the website. Can you trust both the writer and the site? 2. Sometimes the headline of a story can be misleading, so it is important to read the whole article carefully before sharing it.

3. Check whether the story can be found on other sites or if only one website is reporting it.

4. Look at the date of the story to make sure the article is still relevant today.

Ask yourself if it could be a joke. Often stories that seem too

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strange to be true aren’t real!

6. Finally, if you’re still not sure, keep your finger off that share button! You can always discuss the topic with people you trust to get their opinion, but don’t spread news around without being confident it is real.

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AIRWORK Discuss the sentences P below. Which do you think are facts and which are fakes? Look online for reliable information to check your answers.

6 Key Competencies

Mice love cheese.

day on the planet Venus is longer than A half a year on Earth.

Water boils more quickly if you add salt.

AIRWORK Discuss which websites you P use when you want to check information.

7 PAIRWORK What fake news stories

have you heard? Do you think you are good at spotting fake news? How can you tell? Discuss with a partner.

I think everyone knows that mice love cheese, but how can we prove it?

DISCUSS

IATION

N M

IO AT

PLAN

ME D

step

Share your stories with the class. Listen to your classmates’ stories. Which did you find the most interesting and surprising?

DIAT I

IATION

step

Record a local news report.

EXTEND

What are the most important news stories in your local area at the moment? Where could you go IATIO ED to findNinformation about local events?

step

MINI PROJECT

Go to the LEARNING SITUATION

Choose two stories to focus on and research them. What are the main points that people would want to know about these stories? How can you present them in a clear and engaging way?

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UNIT 9: FAST FINISHER 1 Complete the sentences with the correct crime and rescue words. You can’t steal from a supermarket. You have to pay for things.

It’s important to … calm in an emergency situation.

There was a fire and the building was full of ... .

The boys were … in the tunnel, but they were rescued.

Jez is a … who destroys buildings and hurts people.

Look! That … is stealing the woman’s bag.

How much … is there in your neighbourhood?

Did you hear the fire … this morning?

Did you see him … the cat from the tree?

Is the police officer going to … the thief?

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2 Match 1–8 with A–H.

Two plus two equals four is a well-

A breaking athlete and has lots of medals.

Amalia is very kind-

known fact.

The river is ice-

thinking if you’re a doctor.

In India, a man-

Corina wants to be a world-

minute meeting about their project.

The students had a last-

hearted and helps me when I’m worried.

She’s a record-

G famous artist with fans on every continent.

It’s important to be quick-

D cold, so we can’t swim today.

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H eating tiger was seen in the village.

3 Complete the social media post with the words in the box. didn’t

him

2 hours ago

said

that

told

where would

Today was a disaster. When I got up, my brother said that we 1 didn't have any hot water. He told me 2 …

he had had an ice-cold shower. Then I asked Dad 3 … the pancakes were because we always have pancakes on Wednesdays, but he 4 … that there weren’t any. He 5 … me that someone had drunk all the milk, and he couldn’t make pancakes without milk. I wasn’t happy when I left the house. While I was walking to school, I saw Mr Turner. He asked 6 … if I had seen his cat, Taco. I told 7 … that I hadn’t. I said I 8 … help to look for Taco after school. Mr Turner told me 9 … look in my house first because Taco often gets trapped in other

people’s homes. We didn’t find him!

Games & Spin the Wheel

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Learning Situation: CLIL Project

Unit 9 Worksheets

Videos

Digital Practice

Interactive eBook

DIGITAL T OLKIT

LEARNING TO LEARN

Making a revision plan

1 PAIRWORK Look at Joanna’s revision plan. Then answer the questions. Monday

Tuesday maths

5.00 pm English

English

4.00 pm maths

Wednesday

Thursday

tennis

history

Friday physics

geography

ice-skating with Sam

6.00 pm

7.00 pm maths

English

physics

history

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maths

8.00 pm history 9.00 pm

What do you think Joanna does at 6.00 and 9.00?

When does Joanna do her hobbies?

When do you think Joanna has her maths, English and history exams? Why?

Which subject has Joanna decided to spend the most time revising? Why might she have decided this?

What will Joanna revise at 8 o’clock on Tuesday?

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2 Which tips for making a revision plan do you think are helpful? Read the survey and rate each tip (0–3). Revision plan tips

0 = not helpful

1 = a little helpful

2 = helpful

3 = very helpful

1 Make a list of your exams and their dates.

2 Decide which subjects to spend the most time revising. 3 For each subject, make a list of areas to revise. 4 Work out how much time you have to revise.

5 Plan how much of your revision time to spend on each subject.

LEARNING TO LEARN TIPS

Enjoying free time

Free time is important for our health and

6 Make a revision plan poster on a large piece of paper.

happiness. When we relax well, we relieve

7 In your plan, highlight each subject in a different colour.

stress and this makes us able to study better.

8 Plan time to relax and have fun.

to manage our available time well to make sure

9 Revise the most difficult subjects early in the day.

So, it’s very important to plan ahead. We need we enjoy the right amount of free time.

What do you enjoy doing at the weekend?

11 Remember to use your plan and follow it as much as you can.

In pairs, write a list of five ways to relax at

I think it’s helpful to share your revision plan with your friends and family. If you’ve shown other people your plan, it means that you’re more likely to follow it.

4 Write three more tips for making a revision plan.

5 GROUP WORK Which of the ideas from

the survey do you use when you’re making revision plans? Which would you like to use?

partner. Discuss how they are similar or different.

3 PAIRWORK Share your ratings with a

the weekend.

12 Share your revision plan with your friends and family.

10 Leave some spare time in your plan for unexpected extra revision.

I don’t plan time to relax and have fun. But I’d like to try it. I think that it could help with stress.

6 Make a revision plan for a week. Then

share it with a partner. Think of three ways your partner can improve their plan.

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GRAMMAR REVIEW

Narrative tenses (review)

GRAMMAR GYM VIDEO

I visited the monument and saw lots of people.

• We often use the past perfect with the past simple in the same sentence. The past simple describes the more recent event in the past, and the past perfect describes the event before it. We walked straight into the museum because we had already bought tickets.

Negative (-)

Present perfect continuous

We didn’t walk around the site. We couldn’t get tickets.

We form the present perfect with have / has + been + present participle (-ing form).

Past simple Affirmative (+)

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Questions (?)

Could you see the sculpture? What did you think?

Past continuous

• We use the past simple to talk about events in the past. • We often use the past simple with time expressions such as yesterday, three weeks ago and last month.

It was raining.

Affirmative (+)

Negative (-)

We weren’t talking to each other. Questions (?) What was your friend doing? Short questions and answers

Affirmative (+) It’s been raining all night. Negative (-) I haven’t been working very hard for the last few weeks. Questions (?) Have you been sitting here for the last two hours?

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To form the past continuous, we use was / were + the -ing form of the verb.

Was I sleeping? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t. Were you painting? Yes, I was. / No, we weren’t. Was he reading? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.

Negative (-) They hadn’t found any treasure. Questions (?) Had they walked through the tunnel?

They had bought a ladder.

• We often use the present simple to tell stories. Using this tense makes the story more exciting and informal. I get off the train and I suddenly see the man. He’s on the other platform and he has my wallet… • We also use the present simple when we are giving a summary of the plot of a film or book. The hero goes to the villain’s castle because he wants to get the magic crown from him, but the villain knows that he’s coming so …

Affirmative (+)

Present simple for storytelling

We form the past perfect with had + past participle.

I’m exhausted because I’ve been working all day.

Past perfect

• We use the present perfect continuous to talk about actions that have been in progress since a point in the past and continue into the present. • We often use the present perfect continuous with time expressions that show how long the action has been in progress. • We use the present perfect continuous to explain how a past activity has caused results in the present.

• We use the past simple for a short action that interrupts a longer action in the past continuous. We can use when and while. She was driving to the palace when she saw her friend. While she was driving to the palace, she saw her friend.

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• We use the past perfect to talk about events that happened before another event in the past.

GRAMMAR REVIEW

was / were going to

GRAMMAR ON THE GO VIDEO

We use the past of be going to to talk about a plan we had in the past that changed.

will and shall for offers, promises, predictions and decisions made at the moment of speaking Affirmative (+)

I was going to study English, but then I decided to study maths.

Negative (-)

Affirmative (+)

Negative (-)

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We weren’t going to go to Egypt this year, but Dad found a cheap hotel. Questions (?)

Were you going to buy a new phone? No, I wasn’t, but I had to because my old phone broke. GYM VIDEO

Futures (review)

GRAMMAR

Present simple for the future

The class

starts

The train

leaves

soon.

at 10 am.

Present continuous for future plans

We use the present continuous to talk about planned activities. We usually use a future time phrase.

Affirmative (+)

Negative (-)

’m

’m not

are

aren’t

He / She / It

’s

isn’t

verb + -ing

going

future time phrase

to university next summer.

are (You’re / We’re / They’re)

He / She / It

is (He’s / She’s / It’s)

GYM VIDEO

• We use can’t, may (not), might (not), could and must (not) to speculate about the present. • We use can’t when we are sure that something is not true. He can’t be in the park. I just saw him at the library! • We use may (not), might (not) and *could when we think that something is possible. The baby may be hungry. She hasn’t eaten in two hours. The animal might not be dangerous. It’s really small! I can’t find him. He could be on a different train. * We don’t use could not to speculate about the present. We use may not or might not when we want to use a negative form. • We use must or can’t when we think something is certain. Look at that mansion! Those people must be rich. Nobody is answering the door. They can’t be home.

going to

(not) going to

should / shouldn’t have vs. had to / didn’t have to

GRAMMAR GYM VIDEO

• We use should / shouldn’t have + past participle to say what the right or wrong way to behave in the past was. He should have installed the app before going to New York. We shouldn’t have wasted time playing football.

infinitive

take up hiking.

• We use had to to talk about obligations in the past. We didn’t have a choice. We had to turn off our phones in the museum.

• We use didn’t have to to talk about things that were not necessary to do, but were optional. We didn’t have to give our email addresses, but I wanted to.

You / We / They

Modals of speculation

GRAMMAR

am (I’m)

will for offers: I’ll help you. will for promises: I’ll buy you a car. will for predictions: I think they’ll pass their exams. will for decisions made at the moment of speaking: I’ll have coffee, please. We can also use shall in the question form to make offers: Shall I make you a sandwich?

swim.

We use be going to to talk about intentions. be (am / is / are)

won’t

• We also use it to talk about what we would have liked to have happened but didn’t. We should have gone to the beach! It was so sunny!

be going to for intentions Subject

ask.

You / We / They

will

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

We use the present simple when we’re discussing fixed arrangements, schedules or timetables.

I / You / He / She / It / We / They

117

GRAMMAR REVIEW

Defining relative clauses

• A clause is a complete idea with a subject and verb. We can use clauses with who, that and which to give more information about a person or thing. • A defining relative clause is a part of a sentence that is necessary to understand exactly which person or thing we are talking about. • If you are not sure, try the sentence without the relative clause. She’s the girl who sat in the front row in history.

She went to the Portuguese festival

Which Portuguese festival? There are many.

She went to the Portuguese festival that celebrates masks.

id br

She’s the girl

Which girl are we talking about?

• A defining relative clause that defines a thing starts with that or which. She went to the Portuguese festival that / which celebrates masks.

Removing who, which and that in defining relative clauses

• If the relative pronoun who, which or that is followed by a modal or verb, we can’t remove the pronoun. ✗ She’s the girl who sat in the front row in history.

✓ She’s the girl who sat in the front row in history. • We can’t remove the pronoun whose.

✗ She was the only student whose family lived in Portugal.

✓ She was the only student whose family lived

✗ My sister, that is scared of heights, was impressed by the waterfall.

✓ My sister, who is scared of heights, was impressed by

the waterfall. • We use commas to separate a non-defining relative clause. The Bayside Hotel, which has just reopened, is the perfect choice!

Passive review Subject

past participle

Present simple

These books

are

read

all over the world.

Past simple

The school

was

built

in the 1980s.

Future simple

The film

will be

released

in two months.

✓ I prefer teachers who / that I can laugh with.

When we want to say who or what does the action, we use by: The pyramids were built by thousands of workmen.

Modal passive (present)

• We use the passive with the modal verbs can, must, may / might and have to to show ability, obligation or possibility.

✓ I prefer teachers who / that I can laugh with.

We use the passive when: • We don’t know who does the action. • We want to focus on the person or thing affected by the action. • It is obvious who does the action.

• If the relative pronoun who, which or that is followed by a subject + modal / verb, we can remove the pronoun.

modal

+ past participle

The comic book

can

bought

Your car

could

sold.

The review

must

written

today.

His biography

may / might

published

this year.

Her phone

has to

put

away.

online.

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GYM VIDEO

• A non-defining relative clause also gives more information about a person or thing. But these clauses are not necessary to understand what person or thing we’re talking about because this information is clear from the rest of the sentence. • Non-defining relative clauses also use relative pronouns such as who, which or whose. They do not use that.

She’s the girl whose family is from Lisbon.

in Portugal.

GRAMMAR

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

• A defining relative clause that defines a person starts with who, that or whose. She’s the girl who / that sat in the front row in history.

Non-defining relative clauses

GRAMMAR REVIEW

so + adjective / adverb (that); such + noun phrase (that) • We use so + adjective / adverb (that) and such + noun phrase (that) to explain a result. Result that

Jess is

cheerful

that

she could sing.

The tickets are

expensive

that

we can’t afford to go.

adverb

that

You write

well

that

Nathan draws

we all want to read your work.

slowly

that

he never finishes a picture.

adjective

id br

Reason

Result

a / an

noun phrase

She’s

such

horrible villain

It’s

such

enormous book

Modifiers

that

such

• We use quantifiers to talk about numbers and amounts. We can use quantifiers (e.g., all, some, many, most, a few, no, none) with a plural noun. Many people … • Or we can use them with of (the) and a plural noun. Many of the people … • We don’t have to use of (the) with quantifiers. There is usually no change in meaning. NOTE: The exception is all. With of the, it refers to a specific group. All of the teachers are tall. (at this school that we are talking about) • All without of the refers to all of these things, everywhere in existence. All teachers are tall. (all teachers everywhere) • We can use some, many, most and a few to refer to part of a whole. Some (of the) students can translate long texts. Most of our friends are coming to the party. Many (of the) people in our town are over 60.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Reason

Quantifiers with or without of

that

everyone is scared of her.

that

it doesn’t fit in my bag.

Verbs with two objects Some verbs can use two objects: a direct object and an indirect object. A direct object is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb. An indirect object is the person or thing that is affected by the verb’s action. It receives the direct object. They taught us English.

Jack cooked her lunch.

Verb: taught

Verb: cooked

What did they teach?

What did Jack cook?

Direct object: English

Direct object: lunch

Who or what receives the English?

Who or what receives the lunch?

Indirect object: us

Indirect object: her

Subject

+ verb

+ indirect object

+ direct object

They

taught

English.

Jack

cooked

her

lunch.

• We use modifiers with adjectives and adverbs. They make these words stronger or weaker. • We use quite, rather, fairly, pretty, really and extremely with gradable adjectives and adverbs. It’s pretty hot today. He’s running fairly quickly. • We use really, totally and absolutely with non-gradable adjectives or adverbs. These are words like boiling, freezing, delighted and amazing. They cannot be made stronger or weaker. It’s really freezing today. I’m absolutely delighted. • We use a bit, a little, a lot and far with comparative adjectives. I’m a bit older than you. This test is far more difficult than I expected.

A few of your ideas are good. • We use no before nouns. There are no tourists here. There is no information. • We use none before of. None of the students can pronounce my name.

119

GRAMMAR REVIEW

Verbs with two objects cont.

Below are some common verbs that can take two objects: get

owe

sell

throw

bring

give

pass

send

wish

build

leave

pay

serve show

promise

cook

make

read

teach

offer

save

tell

buy

lend

id br

ask

cost

Reciprocal pronouns

Zero, first and second conditional (review)

Verb + object + infinitive

GRAMMAR GYM VIDEO

Some verbs are followed by an object and to + verb.

Zero conditional: General truths

+ (not) + infinitive (to + verb)

Subject

+ verb

+ object

She

invited

them

The doctor

warned

his patient

not to eat unhealthy food.

Jack

trained

his horse

to jump.

to come over.

tell

encourage

invite

remind

train

get

order

teach

warn

He helped me to study. = He helped me study.

Main clause (result)

If / When + subject + present tense verb,

subject + present tense verb.

If it rains,

the water level rises.

If + subject + present tense verb,

modal = can / could / may / might / will we will cancel the class trip.

If it rains tomorrow,

* We’re not sure if it’s going to rain. It’s possible.

If + subject + past tense verb, 2nd conditional: ** Imagined future situation, not a real possibility

we might cancel the class trip.

subject + would / might / could (not) + verb.

we would stay at home. If it snowed during summer,

we could stay at home. we might stay at home.

** This is not a real possibility. It never snows in the summer!

120

subject + modal (not) + verb.

*help can be followed by the infinitive or the base verb:

Condition clause

persuade

ON THE GO VIDEO

help*

1st conditional: * Possible future situation

GRAMMAR

allow

GYM VIDEO

Below are some common verbs that are followed by an object and infinitive:

GRAMMAR

• Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive. For some of these, the meaning of the verb changes depending on which verb form follows it. • Some verbs that change their meaning depending on the following verb form include remember, forget and stop. I remembered to wash my hair. = I remembered that I needed to wash my hair. I remember meeting you. = I have a memory of the time that I met you. I forgot to do my homework. = I forgot that I needed to do my homework (so I didn’t do it). I sometimes forget talking to people. = Sometimes I don’t have a memory of the time that I spoke to someone (but I did talk to them). I stopped studying. = I was studying and then I stopped. I stopped to talk to her. = I was doing something else and I stopped in order to talk to her.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

• We use reciprocal pronouns to describe situations when a group of people are doing the same thing to, with or for other people in the group. • We usually use each other when there are two people and one another when there are more than two people. Harry and Lisa looked at each other = Harry looked at Lisa and Lisa looked at Harry. The students helped one another with the project. = Each child helped another child.

Verb + gerund / infinitive with changes in meaning

GRAMMAR REVIEW

unless and as long as Both unless and as long as can be used in conditional statements. We can use them in the zero, first and second conditional. Unless is the same as if … not.

If it rains, the water level rises.

id br

Zero conditional

Unless it rains, the water level doesn’t rise.

As long as it rains, the water level rises.

Unless it rains tomorrow, we won’t cancel the class trip.

As long as it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the class trip.

Unless it snowed during summer, we wouldn’t stay at home.

As long as it snowed during summer, we would stay at home.

Third conditional

Direct speech

Indirect speech

‘I’m doing my homework.’

He said (that) he was doing his homework.

‘Sally caught the criminal.’

Dan said (that) Sally had caught the criminal.

‘Isaac can’t help you.’

Rose said (that) Isaac couldn’t help me.

• We always need an indirect object with tell. With say, we never use one. We told Chloe that we would cook for her. We said that we would cook for her. • We can also use (not) to after tell to report instructions. I told the boy to stay calm. ‘Stay calm.’ ‘Don’t cry.’

I told the boy not to cry.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

If it snowed during summer, we would stay at home.

2nd conditional

as long as

1st conditional

If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the class trip.

unless

As long as is the same as only if.

• When we change a statement into reported speech, we change the tense of the verb so that we put it one step further into the past.

• We use the third conditional to talk about an imaginary past that didn’t actually happen. If I had gone to Paris, I would have visited the Eiffel Tower. (I didn’t go to Paris, so I didn’t visit the Eiffel Tower.) If clause (condition)

Main clause (result)

If + past perfect,

would + have + past participle.

If I had heard my phone,

I would have answered!

• We use ask to report questions and requests. • We repeat the wh- question word from the original question. • Because the question changes to a subordinate reported clause, the word order also changes to normal subject + verb word order. • We do not use question marks for reported questions. Direct speech

Indirect speech

‘What is your name?’

He asked (her) what her name was.

‘Why are you reading my email?’

She asked (me) why I was reading her email.

‘Where was your bag?’

They asked (Joe) where his bag had been.

‘How are you?’

He asked (her) how she was.

For yes / no questions and or questions, we use if to report.

Direct speech

Indirect speech

‘Are you cold?’ (Yes, I am.)

He asked (me) if I was cold.

‘Do you want tea or coffee?’

She asked (me) if I wanted tea or coffee.

• When we report what someone has said, we can give the speaker’s exact words in direct speech. ‘I’m not a thief,’ said the man.

• We can use ask (not) to to report requests. He asked me ‘Could you open the door, please?’ to open the door.

Or we can use reported (indirect) speech. The man said (that) he wasn’t a thief. • We can use say and tell to report what people have said.

‘Please don’t talk.’

Reported statements and instructions

GYM VIDEO

Would you have answered your phone if you hadn’t heard it? • Note: We can also put the main clause first. When we do this, we do not need a comma. I would have answered if I had heard my phone.

GRAMMAR

• We can also use the third conditional in the negative and in a question. If I hadn’t heard my phone, I wouldn’t have answered.

Reported questions and requests

He asked me not to talk.

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U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

History and monuments

Match the words in the box with the images below. Then listen and check. amphora arch bronze columns crown fossil jewels mosaic shipwreck silver temple tower

Ca 1

id br

amphora

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

se m

The Ancient Greeks built this temple for the goddess Athena.

This vase is very valuable because it is made of … .

They made this … with hundreds of small pieces of coloured stone.

This … was used for transporting liquids in ancient Greece.

Divers are exploring a … that they found at the bottom of the ocean.

The king was wearing a golden … on his head.

To get into the building, you walk under a big round … .

They found a … of an ancient sea creature from millions of years ago.

Twenty strong … support the roof of the palace.

This sculpture is made of a metal called … .

Student's Book Unit 1 p.9

122

Select the correct words from Ex 1 to complete the sentences. Then listen and check.

U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

Mysteries

Match the words in the box with the images below. Then listen and check. alien

crop circle

dragon

ghost

Ca 1

haunted

mermaid

monster

UAP 3

id br

m ni

mermaid 4

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Co 7

se m

Select the correct words to complete the sentences. Then listen and check.

The disappearance of the explorer is very unknown / mysterious. No one can explain what happened to him.

I find this story completely fantastical / mythical. I really don’t believe any of it.

Scientists don’t know what the lights in the sky are. It’s still fantastical / unexplained.

People say that the shapes in the sky are the ships of mysterious / extra-terrestrial creatures.

The unicorn is a mythical / terrifying creature. No one believes that it really exists.

The mystery of the missing boys is unsolved / mythical. We don’t know what happened to them.

I can’t explain what made those noises in the night. It’s really extra-terrestrial / puzzling.

The film was absolutely terrifying / unsolved. I was so scared I couldn’t sleep after watching it.

1 2

Student's Book Unit 2 p.21

123

U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

Celebrations

Match the words in the box with the images below. Then listen and check. anniversary balloons confetti drink to someone’s health face paint fancy dress feast mask MC proposal ring bearer speech

Ca 1

id br

speech

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

se m

The MC introduced all of the speakers at the wedding.

I was so full after the … that I didn’t eat anything the next day!

You should always stand up and raise your glass when you … .

Jack had the ring in his pocket for the … . He knew that Fiona would say yes.

The bride’s dad made a long … at the wedding. He talked about his daughter and her new husband.

After the wedding, everyone threw colourful … on the bride and groom.

We were all in … at the party. Some guests had amazing costumes.

Everyone at the party was wearing a … so you couldn’t see their faces.

It’s my parents’ … today. They’ve been married for 20 years!

The … , who was the bride’s niece, gave the rings to the happy couple.

Student's Book Unit 3 p.33

124

Select the correct words from Ex 1 to complete the sentences. Then listen and check.

U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

Books

Match the words in the box with the images below. Then listen and check. chapter

contents

cover

hardback

Ca 1

illustration

paperback review

spine 3

id br

title

hardback

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

ni Co 7

Select the correct words from the box to complete the sentences. Then listen and check. contents

cover epilogue

illustrations index

paperback preface

review

chapter

spine

The author’s conclusions in the … were very interesting.

He opened the book and started reading the first … .

I read a … of this author’s new novel. It got five stars.

The … page at the front of the book tells you what the different sections are.

I haven’t really started the book. I just read the … so I know what it’s about.

If you look at the back, the … tells you where different things are mentioned.

I’m waiting for the ... edition to get my copy - they’re cheaper and more convenient to carry around.

The author of the ... in this edition is a very talented artist.

The ... of this book is very bold and colourful, you can’t miss it on the shelf!

I love the photo on the front ... , I think that’s why I picked up this book.

Student's Book Unit 4 p.45

125

U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

Language and communication

Match the words in the box with the symbols below. Then listen and check. brackets hyphen

colon comma inverted commas

exclamation mark full stop question mark semi colon

Ca 1

id br

comma

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Select the correct words from Ex 1 to complete the sentences. Then listen and check.

We use an exclamation mark to show that the information in the sentence is exciting or surprising.

We use … to show that someone is speaking.

Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then listen and check.

body language gesture speech stress

sign language tone

We use a … for a small pause in the middle of a sentence or to separate elements in a list.

In a lot of cultures, the thumbs-up … means ‘good’.

We use a … at the end of a sentence.

Most people get the power of … when they are about one.

We use a … to connect two words. For example, warm-blooded.

My friend speaks in … because he can’t hear.

We use a … to show that someone is asking something.

Your … makes you look nervous. Don’t cross your arms or avoid eye contact. You should stand up straight instead.

We use a … before a list of items.

Her English is very good, but she often puts the … on the wrong syllable.

We use a … to join two separate clauses in one sentence.

I know that he’s angry from the … of his voice.

Student's Book Unit 5 p.57

126

U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

Accessible cities

Match the words in the box with the images below. Then listen and check. braille sign charging station cycle lane footbridge pedestrian zone playground priority parking ramp smart traffic lights underpass wheelchair space zebra crossing

Ca 1

id br

footbridge

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

se m

ss Select the correct words from Ex 1 to complete the sentences. Then listen and check.

2 1

Cars have to stop at the … when there are people on it.

The bus has a … so people in wheelchairs can get on easily.

My dad always plugs our car in at the … on our street.

There’s a … on the wall so blind people can find the exit.

It’s very safe to ride a bike in this city because there are lots of … .

I love the … in the centre of town because you can walk around without worrying about cars.

Student's Book Unit 6 p.69

127

U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

Animals

Match the words from the box with the images below. Then listen and check. beak

claw

feathers

fin

gills hoof

Ca 1

horn

paw

scales trunk

tusk whiskers 3

id br

whiskers

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

U 7

se Fish Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They breathe through 4 … and they use 5 … to move around.

128

Student's Book Unit 7 p.81

Reptiles Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates that live on land and water. They are often covered in 3 … . Most reptiles lay eggs.

Birds Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates. They are covered in 1 … and they have 2 … instead of teeth.

Select the correct words from Ex 1 to complete the sentences.

U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

IT problems

Match the words in the box with the images below. Then listen and check. adapter

face ID

out of battery

plug router

Ca 1

USB port

voice message 3

id br

WiFi

USB port

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

U 7

2 Select the correct words from

Ex 1 to complete the sentences.

Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then listen and check.

My mum can never remember passwords, so she uses … on her phone instead.

breaking up cloud cut off push notification screenshot speakerphone two factor verification wireless

Can I use your phone? I can’t use mine because it is … .

David didn’t answer his phone. I left a … and asked him to call me.

Hi, it’s Dad. Sorry, we got cut off . I was driving through a tunnel.

My phone broke, but luckily all of my photos are saved to the … .

Last week, our … broke, so we couldn’t access the internet except on our phones.

I deleted the message, but I can show you a … of it. It’s in my photos folder.

Sorry Mum, I didn’t really hear that. You have a bad connection. You’re … a little. Can you call me back when you get home?

These headphones are ... . They connect to the computer via bluetooth.

This website has … so you’ll have to enter a password and then they’ll send a code or a ... to your phone.

Freya, I’m putting you on … . Now everyone can hear you. Say hi to my family.

m t

Where is the … on this laptop? I need to save this essay before I leave.

Student's Book Unit 8 p.93

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U N IT

VOCABULARY PLUS 1

Crime

Match the words in the box with the images below. Then listen and check. arson

burglary

mugging

pickpocketing

Ca 1

piracy

robbery

scamming

shoplifting 3

id br

scamming

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

U 7

2 Read the sentences and select the correct option. 1

I saw a … in the phone shop. He stole a phone charger. A burglar

se t

B pickpockets

Student's Book Unit 9 p.105

B shoplifters

B Arsonists

C scammers

B robbers

C Pirates C burglars

There are … in my area and they stole things from three houses last month. A burglars

130

C pirate

A lot of … steal from people in buses and trains, or other crowded places. A pirates

B scammer

… don’t just take phones and wallets – sometimes they take shoes, too! A Muggers

C robbers

It’s terrible when … lie to old people and steal all their money! A pickpockets

B muggers

C Burglars

The … used petrol to set fire to the factory. A arsonist

B Pirates

The … wore masks and stole money from two banks in one week! A shoplifters

C shoplifter

… use the internet to steal films and music. A Robbers

B robber

C arsonists

PRONUNCIATION

UNIT 1

UNIT 3

/s/ and /z/

Connected speech

Listen and repeat. artists

/z/ does

paintings

/s/ lots

secrets things

id br

Copy the table. Listen and write the words in the correct column. /s/

/z/

That cat is eating red bananas!

You use it to get warm and relax.

This is something that they have to protect people.

My friend stayed there.

I’m sure I was given a wet towel on a plane.

Listen. Copy the sentences and underline two examples of connected speech in each sentence. Then listen and repeat.

How quickly can you say the sentence? Listen and repeat.

Consonant clusters

UNIT 2

Listen and repeat.

The Romani event lasted three days.

The bride didn’t want cake.

They didn’t sit at the same table.

The bride danced with the groom’s father.

The guest thought the reception was great fun.

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Lots of artists wear hats and old clothes while painting paintings of ruins of things.

/im/ or /in/ + consonant: impossible incredible invisible

/un/ + consonant: unbelievable unlikely unhappy

I’m not really sure.

double consonant clusters: expect object unpleasant

It’s difficult to say.

It’s not for me.

You should check this out.

Listen. Which consonant clusters do you hear? nb nh mp xp ncr xc

mp nl mbr bj ncl nt

She’s been to some unbelievable places. They can’t be happy with all those tourists. I’d say it’s a bit cold. It must be cold there.

1 2 3 4

AIRWORK Say the sentences. Then P listen and check.

Listen and repeat.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Listen. What happens to the first sound in the underlined consonants?

131

PRONUNCIATION

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

Listen and repeat.

and repeat. 1 /ʌListen / 2 /u:/

of and off

Three different u sounds

Ca 2

isten and write the missing words. L Then listen and repeat the sentences.

1 2 3 4 5

I love reading … stories. Don’t … me when I’m talking. I … you take a break. He’s handsome … selfish. She’s so … that she makes me smile. I’m sorry, that’s the … .

OK, it’s time for your language test. Please turn 1 … your phones and leave them at the front of the room. Take 2 … your jackets and leave them there, too. It’s one 3 … the rules that all electronic devices are turned 4 … . Most 5 … you have already done the speaking test, so this writing test is the last part. I wish all 6 … you good luck!

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

Listen and repeat. Then add the words to the groups in Ex 1. sun

Some of / off my family lives in South Africa. I would love a cup of / off tea! Take of / off your shoes when we get home. Finish your homework by the end of / off the week. He fell of / off his horse last week.

omplete the text with of and off. C Then listen and check.

1 2 3 4 5 6

focus cheerful suggest

true rule blue

id br

but interrupt ugly

3 /ə/

Listen and select the word you hear.

campus June umbrella student careful

isten and repeat the sentences L from Ex 2.

UNIT 6

Weak vs. stressed can

Listen and repeat.

1 2 3 4 5

Can you move your fingers? Can I give you a hand with lunch? I can’t even open a bag. Can you believe it? I can’t believe you broke your wrist!

2 Read the sentences. Select the stressed words. Which word is always stressed: can or can’t?

Listen, check and repeat.

I can’t have a shower, but I can have a bath. I can move them, but I can’t do much more. I can sleep, but I can’t do it comfortably. I can move my fingers, but I can’t do anything else.

1 2 3 4

132

PRONUNCIATION

UNIT 7

UNIT 9

The /d/ sound

/b/ and /v/ Listen and repeat. blog

zebra

/v/ visit

vlog

volunteer

/b/ best

dog

Listen. Select the word you hear.

vote vest blog bury vet vat

played

Match 1–5 with A–E. 1 2 3 4 5

When I was a child, My grandpa is Have you heard the bad news We wanted to drive to London, Don’t defend your dog. He

Listen and repeat the tongue-twisters. Practise saying them quickly!

destroyed my garden today!

I loved my dog, India.

The best beautiful zebras bit the boat in the bay in Zimbabwe.

D but we didn’t have a car.

The final /l/ sound

Listen and repeat. all

tell

single horrible

about the disaster in Dallas?

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

UNIT 8

Seventy-seven visiting volunteers visited the vet in Vienna.

middle

A kind and adventurous.

boat best vlog very bet bat

id br

1 2 3 4 5 6

Listen and repeat.

Listen, check and repeat.

terrible

Listen and write the missing words. Then listen again and repeat the sentences. 1 2 3 4

4 5

It’s a beautiful beach. Would you like cereal for breakfast? How do you keep your personal data safe? What’s your local area like? What are you unable to do?

1 2

PAIRWORK Say the sentences. Then listen and check.

Who’s … for this situation? Can you help me to … this app? I’m having … reading this book. I need to complete the … to find the secret word!

133

PHONEMIC CHART I insect ship

ʊ pull put

u: pool boot

ɪə fear here

eɪ wait make

e elf bed

ə better banana

ɜ: fur bird

ɔ: short fork

ʊə sure tourist

ɔɪ voice boy

əʊ hello known

æ apple cat

ʌ other cut

ɑ: arm calm

ɒ often hot

eə fair where

aɪ white high

aʊ noun how

p pen cap

b bad job

t tell fat

d dad idea

ʧ chicken nature

ʤ age judge

k cat class

g glass egg

f free foot

v van over

θ three thing

ð this with

s sing ice

z zoo eyes

ʃ shoe fish

ʒ usually vision

n no honey

ŋ sing hungry

h hot perhaps

l lazy like

r red mirror

w what wet

j use yet

Vowels

i: eat sheep

id br

Consonants

m man drama

. (Full stop) , (Comma) ! (Exclamation mark) ? (Question mark) : (Colon) ; (Semicolon) - (Hyphen)

Used at the end of a sentence.

I like English.

Used to separate parts of a sentence, or to separate the single things in a list.

We visited Paris, Rome and Berlin. The students, who had studied hard, passed the test.

Used to show strong feeling (surprise, excitement, etc.).

That’s great!

Used at the end of a question.

Do you speak Spanish?

Used to introduce a list or more information.

I have many hobbies: baking, reading, running and yoga.

Used to connect two related independent sentences.

It was late; we went home.

Used to create compound words.

She is a part-time student.

Used to add extra or surprising information. A dash can also replace a comma when adding extra, non-essential information to a sentence.

I have one problem – no internet! Pumas – which are usually solitary animals – can be dangerous to humans. That’s Maria’s phone. I don’t know.

Used to show possession or missing letters.

“ ” ( Inverted commas / Quotes) Used to show direct speech or a quote.

She said, “I’m tired.”

… (Ellipsis)

Used to show a pause or something missing.

I think… we should go now. She said she would come… but she never did.

( ) (Brackets)

Used to add extra information.

He arrived (after lunch) at 2 p.m.

& (Ampersand)

Used as an informal way to say “and” (in names Romeo & Juliet or titles).

/ (Slash)

Used to show options or choices.

# (Hash / Number sign)

Used for numbers or hashtags (mainly online).

• (Bullet point)

Used to list things clearly.

Please write yes/no. Room #3 #LearnEnglish • Milk • Bread • Eggs

134

Example

’ (Apostrophe)

When It’s Used

– (Dash)

Symbol

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

PUNCTUATION CHART

IRREGULAR VERBS LIST Past simple

Past participle

Infinitive

Past simple

Past participle

was / were

been

know

knew

known

beat

beaten

leave

left

become

became

become

lose

lost

begin

began

begun

make

made

break

broke

broken

meet

met

bring

brought

pay

paid

build

built

put

bought

read

caught

ride

rode

ridden

chose

chosen

ring

rang

rung

come

run

ran

run

Infinitive

id br

buy catch

came

cost

say

said

cut

see

saw

seen

did

done

sell

sold

draw

drew

drawn

send

sent

drink

drank

drunk

show

showed

shown

drive

drove

driven

shut

eat

ate

eaten

sing

sang

sung

fall

fell

fallen

sit

sat

feel

felt

sleep

slept

fight

fought

speak

spoke

spoken

find

found

spend

spent

fly

flew

flown

stand

stood

forget

forgot

forgotten

swim

swam

swum

get

got

take

took

give

gave

given

teach

taught

went

gone

tell

told

grow

grew

grown

think

thought

have

had

throw

threw

thrown

hear

heard

understand

understood

hide

hid

hidden

wake

woke

woken

hit

wear

wore

worn

hold

held

win

won

keep

kept

write

wrote

written

As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

come

choose

taken

en 135

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

id br

Moment; luzastudios/E+; ImageSource/DigitalVision; The authors and publishers acknowledge the following georgeclerk/E+; Maskot/DigitalVision; BetsieVanderMeer/ sources of copyright material and are grateful for the Stone; Tempura/E+; JoseLuisPelaezInc/DigitalVision; permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it TimRobberts/Stone; BetsieVanderMeer/DigitalVision; has not always been possible to identify the sources of all PeterDazeley/TheImageBank; KlausVedfelt/DigitalVision; the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any BryciaJames/E+; SindreEllingsen/Photographer'sChoiceRF; omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to yogysic/DigitalVisionVectors; FGTrade/E+; JDawnInk/ include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.     DigitalVisionVectors; FrankRamspott/DigitalVisionVectors; PeopleImages/E+; Maskot; bortonia/DigitalVisionVectors; The authors and editors would like to thank all the teachers MintImages/MintImagesRF; DonaldIainSmith/Tetraimages; who have contributed to the development of the course: LawrenceSawyer/E+; SelectStock/E+; GeorgeDoyle/ Megan McNeil, Lucía Puente, Begoña García, Isabel López Stockbyte; rudi_suardi/E+; CarmenMartínezTorrón/Moment; Villa, Irene Díaz, Teresa Gil, Consuelo Pértega Andía, abzee/E+; GabriellaImperatori-Penn/TheImageBank; Lourdes Machi Alapont, Maite Senent & Lourdes Tomás, AnastasiiaKrivenok/Moment; romanachapman/ María Jesús (Susa) Bayod, Adoración (Dori) Villarreal, Miguel MomentOpen; Will&DeniMcIntyre/CorbisDocumentary; Jason & Julià Pearson, Maria Isabel Huerta, Óscar Díaz, BobKrist/TheImageBankUnreleased; Imgorthand/E+; María del Carmen Elvira Bernabéu, Rosa Mª Bermejo, Sergio KatsumiMurouchi/Moment; RobertDaly/OJOImages; Juan Gomez, Celina Torrado Outeda, Natalia Gutierrez AdrianWeinbrecht/ImageSource; athimatongloom/Moment; Rodriguez, Manuel Conde Pereira. 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As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve py

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Illustrations Hyphen SA.

Video Stills

Grammar Gym: Animation video stills produced by QBS Learning. Grammar on the go: Video stills are sourced from Learn English with Cambridge YouTube channel. Culture, Content and Language Integrated Learning, and Get on it!: Video stills are sourced from Getty Images. For Real: Video stills are sourced from LADAFILM courtesy of Loescher Editore.

Audio

Audio produced by John Marshall Media.

Typeset

Typesetting by Hyphen SA.

Editorial and Project Management Editorial and Project Management by Hyphen SA.

Additional Authors

Ashleigh Martinez; Colin Sage; Garan Holcombe; Jo Cummins; Melanie Starren; Simon Cupit.

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Cover design by Chefer.