Interior Architecture Design Studio 2A- Emma Lee

THE CRESCENT PUB , SALFORD. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ACTIVIST MOVEMENT CENTRE

INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO 2A ACTION_SPACE: ADAPTIVE REUSE EMMA LEE

CONTENTS PAGE. ACTION ANALYSIS

ACTION PROCESS

BUILDING APPRAISAL

ACTION PROCESS

BACKGROUND AND HISTORY...........................................6-9

PRECEDENTS..........................................

EXISTING STRUCTURE.......................................................10 EXISTING FORM.................................................................11 ROOF STRUCTURE........................................................12-13 EXISTING FABRIC.........................................................14-16 CEILING AND ROOF...........................................................................................14 WALLS AND WINDOWS.....................................................................................15 FLOOR................................................................................................................16 DESIGN

POTENTIAL............................................................17

ACTION ANALYSIS

ACTIVIST CAUSE...........................................................18-19

PROGRAMME.....................................................................20 CONCEPT DIAGRAM...........................................................21

THE BASEMENT........................................................

DISCUSSION PODS...................................................

FUTURISTIC VIBE.....................................................

10 X 10 MODELS....................................

DEVELOPMENT DRAWINGS...................

..................24-33

.............................24-27 .............................28-29 .............................30-33

..................34-49 ..................51-52

ACTION REPRESENT ACTION REPRESENT

FLOOR PLANS....................................................54-57

SECTIONS...........................................................58-59

AXONOMETRIC + VIEWS...................................60-61 ENSCAPE VISUALS............................................62-67 COLLAGES..........................................................68-69

ENSCAPE OVERVIEW VIDEO.............................70-71 ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY..................................72

EXTERNAL STRIP ELEVATION.................................73 CONNECTION DETAILS.......................................74-75 MATERIAL PALETTE...........................................76-77 CONCEPT MASTERPLAN....................................78-81 REFERENCE LIST...............................................82-83

#1 ACTION

N ANALYSIS

BACKGROUND AND HISTORY.

The Crescent pub is located along Chapel Street road with a 5 minute walk to Salford Crescent train station, nearby to Salford University and Museum, aswell as the River Irwell, and approximately 5 minute drive into Manchester City Centre.

However it had closed in 2017 due to being in poor state and has not reopened since (Keeling, 2021). However it was bought by Chinese investors Kaixiang Liu and Caiwen Ban in June 2016 at a price of £325,000 (Salford Star, 2017).

The building gained recognition for being a meet up point for Karl Marx and Friedrich Engals where they drank and discussed ideas of communism during the 19th century (Keeling, 2021 & Visit Manchester, 2021).

Address: 20 The Crescent Salford

Figure 1: Map of the recent site of the Crescent pub, Salford. (Source: GoogleMaps and Author).

Figure 2: Photograph of The Crescent Pub in late 1900s. (Source: VisitManchester, 2021).

Figure 3 shows the current state of the building as it remains inactive as the windows are boarded up and appears to be in a state of decay. Weather and effects in this building as a result of inactivity, as well as poor construction materials and methods used in the Victorian era have led to dampness, mould and fungi appearing in rooms, and moisture has harmed paint and plaster surfaces. The timber that has been used as load bearing beams, windowsills and staircases have become rotten as a result of lack of ventilation, and stonework has deteriorated from build up of moisture. Due to lack of regular maintenance the building has now become a health and safety issue to enter. There will be a new design approach to this building whereby it will be completely reconstructed into an Activist Movement Centre to raise awareness for Non-violence.This building will encompass a retrofit passive design strategy and fabric first approach towards sustainability to help towards reaching RIBA 2030 goals and US Sustainable Development goals in order to tackle the current climate emergency.

However, as of 18th January 1980, the building was listed as II grade meaning the structure is ” of special interest, warranting every effort to preserve it” and therefore ithe new design strategy must take into consideration that the front appearance of the building must remain intact to remember its renowned historical fame and maintain unity along the steet (Bidwells, 2021, para. 1).

Figure 3: Photograph of The Crescent Pub closed down in 2017. (Source: Smith, 2021).

BACKGROUND AND HISTORY.

Figure 4: Historical map of The Crescent Pub during 1890s. (Source: Digimap and Author).

Figure 5: Historical map of The Crescent Pub during 1950s-1970s. (Source: Digimap and Author).

Figure 7: Photograph of the Crescent Pub (formerly known as the Red Dragon) in 1970s. (Source: Flickr, 2011a).

Figure 6: Enlarged image of historical map of The Crescent Pub during 1950s-1970s. (Source: Digimap and Author, 2021).

Earliest records of this plot display that it was originally built as three individual houses ranging from numbers 19-21 along The Crescent road and Massey Street, and the historical site map shown in figure 4 gives evidence of this data back to the 1890s. (Keeling, 2021).

Approximately 60 years later, the old site map shown in figure 5 shows the development that one of the houses had transformed into a “Beer House” (Shown as BH on figure 6) .

Although there is no evidence for the particular name of this beer house, figure 7 and 8 show photos of the pub named the Red Dragon in 1958 while the other two houses still remained. .

The pub had reportedly closed in 1971 and re-opened in October 1978, and was then renamed The Crescent in 1986 and extended onto the other two houses. It then closed again in 2017 (Keeling, 2021 & Flickr (2011).

Figure 8: Photograph of the Crescent Pub (formerly known as the Red Dragon) in 1970s. (Source: Digimap and Author).

EXISTING STRUCTURE. Dormer window with arched flat pediment Gabled Roof

Although there is no data to provide a full list of the structural elements of this particular building, research was undertaken on buildings of this type during the victorian era and figure 9 shows a diagram of typical structural elements involved. The exterior walls are load bearing and the gabled roof is held up with a traditional king post roof truss, with a brick chimney attached, and fixed windows with great height which is a typical feature of gothic architecture with their extensive vertical height. An archway supported by columns decorate the doorway on the left of the elevation and the right door features a normal rectangular door, however the door on the side elevation not shown in the figure features a semi-circular window above the entrance. Interestingly each different house features different decorations and lacks unification across the building.

Fixed window and sill’s at great height

Plaster over stone brickwork

Plain Parapet

Doorway with basic semi-circular arch Arched pediment supported by load bearing columns either side of the door

Semi-circular window within arch pediment on side elevation

Figure 9: Diagram showing the architectural features of the Crescent building exterior. (Source: Author, 2021).

EXISTING FORM.

The Crescent was built during the 19th century when the Victorian Era was very much a prominent style during the period of the Queens Reign (1837-1901) (Mastroeni, 2020). As they used to be three separate houses, the space horizonatally was very minimal in each house however to makes up for loss of space it is extended vertically with three floors, similar to Gothic Revival architecture which had also made a return during this era.

Athough there is no evidence displaying the floor plan of these three particular houses, research suggests buildings of this type during this era consisted of a Parlour (which now is more comanly named a living room), a kitchen, a scullery (a utility room) a bathroom and bedrooms (1900s, 2021).

In around the 1950s, the building labelled “House 1” on figure 10 was converted into a “Beer House” named The Red Dragon. Again, no evidence has been found to reveal the layout of the building once it had become a pub, however it would have featured a small bar and seating area. From around 1986 when it became The Crescent, it had extended across the other two houses besides it, and became one large pub with a bar area and seating.

Figure 10 shows the overall layout of The Crescent, and the lines indicate its sections as three individual houses.

Figure 10: Floor plan showing the individual house layouts of the Crescent building. (Source: Author, 2021).

ROOF STRUCTURE.

Figure 12: Diagram of a traditional King Post Roof Truss. (Source: Builder Bill, 2012).

The gabled roof consists of two sloping sides that meet at a peak and ridge downwards to the exterior walls of the building, resembling a triangle. As shown in figure 12 of the diagram it is held up as a king post roof truss, whereby a beam is laid across the middle of the roof to hold up the centre using the king post, and the load bearing elements are the exterior supporting walls as shown in figure 13 of the Crescent’s building interior skeleton. This figure however is a traditional king post roof truss where the middle struss’ have been removed, and after doing research into roof structures of this type, the absence of these struss’ in photographs had proven to be difficult, indicating that the roof in the Crescent is most likely not the most stable.

Figure 11: Photographs of The Crescent, date unknown. (Source: Smith, 2011).

Load bearing walls that exist within the structure are labelled in red:

Figure 14: Plan of The Crescent’s load bearing walls on plan. (Source: Author, 2021).

Figure 13: Plan of The Crescent’s roof structure and walls. (Source: Author, 2021).

BUILDING FABRIC. ROOF/ CEILING The exterior of the building materialised of stone brickwork rendered with plaster to give a smooth appearance, and there is a brick chimney projecting from the roof, which is made of stone slate slabs hiding the timber wood frame structure of the gabled roof. The roof structure consisting of a traditional king post roof truss is lacking the middle truss which gives evidence that the building doesnt have the most stability and was made with the most minimal materials. The roof and ceiling is mostly made of wood and timber beams whereby wood was usually in abundance and could be locally sourced, this is why wood was a large material used in Victorian houses, especially Pine on interior floorboards, for the staircase and for the wood plank doors (Bedri, 2021).

Figure 15: Recent photographs of The Crescent Interior condition. (Source: The Urban Collec-

Figure 16: Recent photographs of The Crescent Interior condition. (Source: The Urban Collec-

BUILDING FABRIC. WALLS AND WINDOWS After doing research into the EPC rating of the three houses, the building was given a rating of F, and recommended changes were suggested such as introducing cavity wall insulation into the walls meaning it was highly lacking insulation which could lead to condensation building up in the interior walls and creating moisture, which can be seen in the youtube video tour available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtggbTE2__Q&t=1s.

Figure 17: Recent photographs of The Crescent Interior condition. (Source: The Urban Collective, 2019).

The rating suggested to consider installing secondary glazing indicating that the windows are only single glazed which does not make sufficient use of heat retention, which again leads to build up in moisture (MHCLG, 2013).

Although there is not much data to reveal the inner materials and fabrics of the building, it is evident from videos of the interior that it was made mostly with timber and plasterboard, and fixed windows and sills were made of wood.

Figure 18: Recent photographs of The Crescent Interior condition. (Source: The Urban Collective, 2019).

BUILDING FABRIC. FLOOR With regard to the flooring and the foundations of victorian buildings, they were not understood to provide for stability like they are today, and were mostly laid in shallow soil trench. Their method was laying three bricks along the bottom of the soil and layering up with two bricks. This method was likely to have been applied to the Crescent houses when they were first built as this was a popular method during the Victorian era. However this is the reason why most old houses move and crack at the mortar beds (Bedri, 2021).

Figure 19: Recent photographs of The Crescent Interior condition. (Source: The Urban

Above the foundations laid wood and timber beams to line the flooring, and materials during this era mostly consisted of either carpet or tiling. More expensive woods were used such as oak and mahogany in homes of upper class. It was also common for brick fireplaces to be built in living rooms.

Figure 20: Recent photographs of The Crescent Interior condition. (Source: The Urban Collective, 2019).

DESIGN POTENTIAL.

The current state of the building is a very old and run down, and is in need of restoration. The project focus is about using an existing architectural shell such as the Crescent pub to completely transform its interior into a space that will enact change. This space will tackle agendas within the context of contemporary, political, economic, cultural and environmental change through with regard to an activist movement which aims towards raising awareness for non-violence.

The inital plan is to completely degut the existing structure inside and knock it all down into one big open space.

From here, while retaining elements of the old structure whilst also encorporating new elements, the space will be a calm environment that is welcome to visitors as a place to meet, socialise and talk about their issues while raising awareness and learning about the Non- violence movement. Office spaces, meeting spots, areas to speak privately, and a cafe area with bar features, aswell as creating remarkable architecture to draw the local community in is the basic brief for this project.

THE CAUSE. NON VIOLENCE ACTIVIST MOVEMENT

Non-violence can primarily be described as not being violent or causing harm to ones self or others under any conditions. however it is attached to a number of other meanings. It can also bring about positive actions to resist oppression or bring about change. It can be based on moral, religious or spiritual principles, and in terms of activist elements, it is to rationalise with the opponent to persuade them that your point of view to not react with violence is right. This ideolgy tries to make the world a less violent place, and the likes of people such as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King spent a big part of their lives trying to achieve less violent and more peaceful approaches in the world (BBC Ethics, 2021).

Figure 21: Photographs of movements towards Non Violence. (Source: Wikipedia, 2021).

“NON-VIOLENCE IS A POWERFUL AND JUST WEAPON. INDEED, IT IS A WEAPON UNIQUE IN HISTORY, WHICH CUTS WITHOUT WOUNDING AND ENOBLES THE MAN WHO WEILDS IT” - MARTIN LUTHER KING JR (STANFORD UNIVERSITY, 2021).

Figure 22: Photographs of peaceful protests towards Non- Violence. (Source: Werft and Ngalle, 2016).

PEACE PACIFISM DARKNESS CANNOT DRIVE OUT DARKNESS

Martin Luther King Six Key principles:

Figure 23: Photographs of movements towards Non Violence. (Source: Wikipedia, 2021).

1) Resist evil without resorting to violence

NON VIOLENCE

2) Seek to win “friendship and understanding” with the opponent, not to humiliate him.

3) Evil itself, not the people commiting evil acts, should be opposed.

4) those committed to non violence must be willing to suffer without retaliation as suffering itself can be redemptive.

5) Non-violent resistance avoids “external physical violence” and “internal violence of spirit” as well.

REJECT EVIL Figure 24: Photographs of movements towards Non Violence. (Source: Wikipedia, 2021).

6) nonviolent resister must have a “deep faith in the future,” stemming from the conviction that “The universe is on the side of justice” (Stanford University, 2021).

THE PROGRAMME.

Figure 25: Diagram displaying the program and its contents for the Crescent building. (Source: Author, 2021).

Figure 2

THE CONCEPT.

26: Diagram of initial ideas with regard to the design and process of the new Activist Movement Centre. (Source: Author, 2021).

The concept for the renovation of this project involves transforming the interior space to raise awareness for and bring to light the Non-Violence cause. To do this, figure 26 displaying the mindmap was created to brainstorm ideas about how to generate an emotional connection with the user.

As shown in figure 25 showing a depiction of the programme and how it will be arranged, the following space will involve :

Pods to speak privately with a therapist/coun-

cillor - a safe space where someone can talk about an experience where they have been violent or if someone has been violent to them- offer support (inital design plans shown in diagram)

Discussion Areas

where someone gives talks about what violence is - raise awareness.

Cafe area

underground floor where visitors can meet and socialise, and small retail stands to buy gifts and stationary along the subject og Non-violence.

#2 ACTION

N PROCESS

PRECEDENTS.

THE BASEMENT. Project name: Dierra Cafe Location: Benteng, Indonesia Architect: MIV Architects Date: 2020

Figure 27: Dierra Cafe building plans. (Source: Abdel, 2021).

Figure 28: Dierra Cafe building section. (Source: Abdel, 2021).

Figure 29: Dierra Cafe building section. (Source: Abdel, 2021).

This project has been built primarily as international hospitality for those who travel to visit the country and enjoy cafe culture. Their brief was to create a welcoming atmosphere that feels like outdoors by incorporating an earth tones colour palette (Abdel, 2021).

By maximising the potential of the site they kept an open plan interior concept to create fresh air and connect with the greenery outside. This concept also helped to reduce costs on construction and maintenence, and made it more flexible when arranging the furniture around. The cafe also has no air conditioning due to the rotation of the building allowing good circulation of air and lighting on the front and back elevations, which provides greater sustainability and lowers costs for mechanical systems (Abdel, 2021).

The materials of the building and craftsman were all derived locally, and a particular material called Kanaha wood which only exists in the local areahas a very unique texture that has been used for the accent wall, the bar covering and also used in some of the furniture.

Local red brick was also a statement material in this building that has been used for wall coverings on both the exterior (Abdel, 2021).

This project was particularly inspiring for the Crescent Oub basement area. The aim of the space underground will be a cafe area with a separate section for essential utilities such as a cleaning room, storage area, management office and small staff toilet. The earth tones colour palette and presence of lots of greenery would make for great components in the cafe. The aim is to maintain a dark atmosphere being underground in line with the eeriness of the activist cause however but also install some urbanism features and contemporary architecture. The colour palette will mostly consist of these colours and the overall atmosphere that this precedent creates.

Figure 30: Dierra Cafe photogr. (Source: Abdel, 2021).

Figure 31: Dierra Cafe photograph. (Source: Abdel, 2021).

Figure 32: Dierra Cafe photograph. (Source: Abdel, 2021).

PRECEDENTS. THE BASEMENT. Project name: ODIN Bar & Cafe Location: Toronto, Canada Architect: Phaedrus Studio Date: 2015

Figure 34: ODIN Bar & Cafe photographs. (Source: Archdaily, 2021).

Figure 36: ODIN Bar & Cafe plan. (Source:

Figure 37: ODIN Bar & Cafe section. (Source Figure 33: ODIN Bar & Cafe photographs. (Source: Archdaily, 2021).

Figure 35: ODIN Bar & Cafe photographs. (Source: Archdaily, 2021).

The cafe / bar hybrid is situated in the middle of a rapidly diverse neighbourhood that is fast growing with young professionals and urban dwellers. Newly constructed contemporary glass and concrete housing has been developed around the cafe, and the project is a direct response to the new aesthetic of the area.

It is a new retail space containing a back bar, a preparation area in the kitchen, a washroom in the back aswell as a front cafe/bar and seating areas. The structural columns break down the space in the middle and bar height seating creates a subtle transition between the standing and seating area. It also features expensive glazing on the large window showing a view of the outward street, and exposed concrete on the ceiling all for aesthetic purposes.

Figure 38: ODIN Bar & Cafe plan. (Source: Archdaily, 2021).

The bar consists of espresso station, cash area, grab and go food and drink, cocktail and beer station, serving counter, as well as bar-height seating.The form of the bar is vertical and horizontal, moving up and down to the requires heights ranging from the interaction at the cash register to the making of the coffee at the espresso station. The bar itself also connects upwards into the back of the house kitchen area.

: Archdaily, 2021).

The geometry of the bar of the shapes, sizes and depths of the space were particularly interesting as the idea for the cafe area in the basement was to move away from standard styles of a cafe counter architecture. The mission is to create more innovative development with a more unusual counter top area. The shape will be taken into consideration for the Crescent Pub cafe however the atmosphere will differ in terms of more dark materials and striking colour detailing as opposed to a light and bright atmosphere as evident in the ODIN bar.

e: Archdaily, 2021).

Figure 39: ODIN Bar & Cafe architect sketches (Source: Archdaily, 2021).

PRECEDENTS. DISCUSSION PODS This building has been designed as a leisure and retail centre in Lusail, Qatar. It features five interconnected pebble-shaped ‘retail islands’ with three floors featuring cinemas, restaurants, spa facilities and a basement filled with a car park. It covers the span of approximately 60,000 metres2 and is 15km north of Doha City Centre.

The design of the building has been inspired by natural forms of when water and land meet. There are five interconnected islands that link the mall to a body of water through the middle.

Water is seen as a guide to show visitors through the area, while waterfalls connect with the different levels. Embedded around the mall will be the surrounding landscape incorporating exhibition spaces, skate parks and childrens play areas.

Project name: Pebble Shaped Mall Location: Lusail, Qatar Architect: HOK London Date: 2011

The shape of these retail islands was particularly interesting, as if they are pebble shaped however contain a more unique approach with the raised roof platform and swirling architecture around it. This building will be useful when designing the pod shapes with a more innovative design and white colour scheme . This softness is a key piece of criteria to include in the pods to create a calming atmosphere for the visitors inside. In addition to this, a good use of lighting on the exterior such as LED’s to create a glow on the exterior of the pods will create a safe and untouchable effect. No data has been found to give evidence of any designs or plans for the pebble mall.

Figure 1 is not related to the mall however it is a Science and Technology Museum that reflects the lighting and the vibe that the pebble shaped pod will give.

Figure 38: Science and Technology Museum (Source: Global Construction Review, 2021).

Figure 39: Image of Pebble Shaped Mall exterior. (Source: Bruce, 2011).

Figure 40: Image of Pebble Shaped Mall interior. (Source: Bruce, 2011).

Figure 41: Image of Pebble Shaped Mall exterior. (Source: Bruce, 2011).

PRECEDENTS.

Figure 42: Exterior plan of the Multifunctional Centre in Ukraine. (Source: Stetsiuk, 2019).

Figure 44: Site location of the Multifunctional Centre in Ukraine. (Source: Stetsiuk, 2019).

Figure 43: Exterior design of the Multifunctional Centre in Ukraine. (Source: Stetsiuk, 2019).

FUTURISTIC VIBE Project name: Multifunctional Centre Location: Rivne, Ukraine Archiect: Unknown Date: 2019

This multifunctional building is situated in Rivne, Ukraine has been built as a public space and an activity centre for young people. Although there is very limited information regarding this building, it is an urban space that has been reconstructed and modernised giving it new functions for social spaces. Surrounding the building has also been infastructure for transport, predestrials and cyclists.

The urban futuristic vibe of this building was inspiring for the Crescent Pub project in that the overall colour schemes are fresh, with great use of natural daylighting and greenery. The curves and simplism of the architecture aswell as the large open space as a more functional than decorative space will be interesting to incorporate.

Figure 44: Interior of the Multifunctional Centre in Ukraine. (Source: Stetsiuk, 2019).

PRECEDENTS. FUTURISTIC VIBE Project name: Intelligence Operation Centre Location: Taichung, Taiwan Architect: Elizabeth De Portzamparc Date: Unknown Elizabeth has been selected as the winner of the new design skyscraper conceived as a ‘vertical connected neighbourhood’ in Taichung, Taiwan. The first five levels will be accessible to the public as a restaurant and retail space aswell as acess to a 24,000 sqm digital cultural centre.

The spaces will be connected like vertical streets passing through spacious, light filled atriums and connecting with green rooftop spaces.

The interior remains open and able to adapt to numerous different uses, by pushing the structural systems to the outer walls. It has been defined with three different criterias; protection against wind, views and solar optimisation for natural light and shading.

As stated in the last precedent about futurism in architecture, similarly to that design this building remains open planned with a series of floors which visitors can see above, which creates interesting spatial architecture. The colour schemes are also kept fresh, and decoration is minimal which is a typical feature of fururistic architecture. Both interior spaces will make a great addition to the Crescent Pub project.

Figure 45: Concept plan of interior of Intelligence Operation Centre. (Source: Lyn

nch, 2021).

Figure 47: Concept plan of interior of Intelligence Operation Centre. (Source: Lynch, 2021).

Figure 48: Concept plan of interior of Intelligence Operation Centre. (Source: Lynch, 2021).

Figure 46: Concept plan of interior of Intelligence Operation Centre. (Source: Lynch, 2021).

Figure 49: Concept plan of interior of Intelligence Operation Centre. (Source: Lynch, 2021).

MODEL 1X10.

This is the first model of the 1x10 process, and the beginning of gaining practice into the model making using the laser cut outs, and using materials and shapes. For this model only one material was used which was cardboard and only rough measurements and lines were used, hence the uneveness.

Very basic shapes were used however there was an experimentation with building three floor staircase. Overall not many interesting shapes were applied and had just been getting used to moving shapes around the interior.

MODEL 2X10.

This is the second model of the 1x10 process, and the beginning of gaining practice into the model making using the laser cut outs, and using materials and shapes. For this model, the three floor staircase stayed in the same position as the last, and the roof shape of the last model was disliked, so the roof was re-styled, however not keen on the flat roof due to the gap from the walls to the roof. Overall, the style was being experiemented with a lot more, and lolipop sticks were used as columns holding up the balcony area. This model saw the addition of new materials including the lolipop sticks, aswell as string and tape. Overall a good second model and the next one will see further exploration into playing with shapes.

MODEL 3X10.

For the next model it is evident that further shapes are being incorporated, as shown there is a first floor walkway leading into a round balcony at the back.

In additon, two of the walls explored cutting out circular shapes to apply an interesting pattern,and there is further practice into applying stairs through the middle of the space to keep it nice and open whilst also applying various levels to create an interesting spatial composition. The discussion pods were also added into this model as a significant component of the building, and the next models will experiment more with the positioning of these.

MODEL 4X10.

The key aspect of this model is the further addition of materials, tetures and colours. This model saw the experimentation with mixing the precedent ideas with the tetures. The white fabric along with the black card made a good colour combination and tied in with the futuristic feel. Overall this model made an interesting spatial combination by applying various floors aswell as centred staircases leading to the different platforms. This model shows a lot has been learnt betwen this and the first model made in terms of practice and playing with the elements that work the best along the way.

MODEL 5X10.

Model 5 really begins to incorporate most interesting features from the last four models all together and starts to see a good combination between interesting shapes to create an appealing balance. Similar materials to the last have been incorporated and more use of the spherical wall pattern has been incorporated while also experimenting with sloping walls in the middle of the building to reall separate the spaces. The focus has been on creating interesting mezzanines on various levels while also keeping the area very open from inspiration taken from the Intelligence Operation Centre precedent.

MODEL 6X10.

This model brought back the experimentation of the pods aswell as incorporating plastic materials to give the effect of glass. In addition, the spherical cut out walls also made an appearance into this model, however the aim for this model was to incorporate the basement balcony however this had proven difficult to keep a large portion of the aspects from previous models into this one. Due to this, the outcome of this model was not as interesting as the last. The next model will work more keeping theprevious features that were favourited but also keeping materials minimal.

MODEL 7X10.

This model also incorporated the pods and the balcony area looking over into the basement. However, there is still some difficulty with putting the features in the most effective places in order to maintain an innorative design. Altough the different levels still remain, the model is lacking something that will be explored further in the next model.

MODEL 8X10.

This final model saw the end to the 10x10 model making.

Developing further from the previous, the staircase has been extended towards the south facade of the building to make room for the disussion pods and the conference area floor. In addition, the walls with spherical holes have been brought back from model 6 to add spatial interest and create an innovative new design to the new activist centre.

The spherical holes in the wall make the overall space feel more open, which is a a significant contributor towards the design. In addition, the lack of colourful materials and textures strip back the model and focuses more on the design than material selection which is of more importance at this stage, making it an improvement on model 5. Overall, having not made two extra models to make the full 10x10 was because this final model felt the greatest design for the Non-violence centre, and was enough to begin building these designs further into Sketchup and Autocad softwares.

Overall the model making experience while also sketching drawings and designs along the way massively helped to work towards the process of creating the new activist centre, and helped to brainstorm ideas of what worked well together. Analysing structural capabilities aswell as spatial designs and aesthetics with regard to the various components through model making has proven to be an integral part of a design process.

DEVELOPMENT DRAWINGS.

#2 ACTION R

REPRESENT

FLOOR PLANS.

Large glass window

Large glass window

SECTIONS.

AXONOMETRIC + VIEWS.

VISUALS.

GROUND FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

BELOW GROUND FLOOR

BELOW GROUND FLOOR

COLLAGES.

ENSCAPE VIDEO OVERVIEW.

(TAP IMAGE) OR ALTERNATIVELY FOLLOW LINK: https://studio.youtube.com/video/R-ayqdjRSic/editor

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY.

EXTERIOR STRIP ELEVATION.

CONNECTION DETAILS.

MATERIAL PALETTE.

BELOW GROUND FLOOR

GROUND AND FIRST FLOOR

CONCEPT MASTERPLAN. This draft masterplan behind the Crescent building will provide a conceptual layout taking into consideration aspects of social, environmental and economical goals and aspirations of Salford Crescent. The idea is to further enrich the area, in line with recent climate change struggles and the RIBA 2030 Climate Challenge expectations.

ACCESSIBILITY

GREEN AND BLUE INFASTRUCTURE

EVENT SPACES

Accessibility is of vital importance for visitors, and the implementation of cycle and pedestrian routes will encourage people to walk or cycle through the area which will reduce carbon emissions on transportation and provide environmental benefits. However, it is important to be aware of nearby public transport routes to help create a connection between people and their access to the location.

There is the consideration to incorporate green infastructure, such as the plantation of trees, recreational parks, and green walls/ roofing and beehives which provides numerous benefits such as an increase in biodiversity value of Salford Crescent through the restoration of habitats to allow wildlife to fluorish. Green spaces improve the overall aesthetic of the area and improves air quality which benefits towards the health and wellbeing of visitors.

Furthermore, developing urban blue corridors such as lakes and ponds, encourage biodiversity in that it can create a habitat for sealife, and also provide activities for visitors and help contribute towards green infastructure. Enhancing the eco-system of Salford will help to contribute towards RIBA 2030 Climate Change goals for the UK in line with UN Sustainable Development goals.

Places that create a sense of gathering will need activities such as the implementation of events to generate a greater sense of gathering. In order to contribute towards the main hub being the Non Violence Activist Movement Centre, implementing celebratory spaces of the movement can contribute towards togetherness and social value. Gift shop stands, food stands aswell as a festival or stage area could also be an interesting approach towards generating economic benefits to Salford.

1 - Housing 2- Cycle and lime scooter parking 3- Salford Historic Heritage Centre 4- Lake 5- Sports centre and outdoor tennis space 6- Hotel 7- Kids park 8- Cafe / restauarant area 9- Offices

10- Homless Shelter 11- Library 12- School and connecting field area 13- Food and gift stalls 14- Shopping area 15- Cinema 16- Festival stage area 17- Statue of Martin Luther King 18- The new Non Violence Activist Centre

CONCEPT MASTERPLAN. The masterplan concept has three main objectives that were to incorporate open and green spaces with clear access and connections, add social value to the lives of local residents, while also incorporating environmentally friendly solutions in order to reach the goal of making a positive contribution towards tackling the climate crisis and enriching the area of Salford.

The Public Services Act (Social Value Act) 2012, requests that those involved in the building sector look beyond economic profit and personal gain, and also look at how these services benefit the health and wellbeing of the community around it. The following sections explain the selection for the different aspects of the masterplan and reasons for the choices in line with UN Sustainable Development goals (SDG’s).(Legislation.gov.uk, 2012).

TO CREATE CONNECTIONS AND PROMOTE THE NON VIOLENCE ACTIVIST CENTRE

On figure 30 of the proposed concept masterplan, there are four entrances in total, two on the north façade, one on the east and one on the west. This is for the purpose of helping with ease of access into the new Crescent zone, as public transport stops frequently along the A6 The Crescent road, allowing just under a 5 minute walk into the new zone, along with access from the east for railway users and direct access for those who visit the Non-Violence Activist Centre (18).

Due to this new centre providing a great connection into the new Crescent zone, a statue of Martin Luther King (17) has been placed on the west façade of the zone to create a remembrance for and support his journey to create a more peaceful and non- violent world. This can promote positive changes towards the community and encourage non-violent actions which helps to achieve SDG goal 3 of good health and wellbeing and goal 4 of quality education (Fei et al., 2021)

TO PROMOTE AN ACTIVE, HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Promoting a healthy and active lifestyle was a key value for this concept and on entry from the north façade there is a Sports centre (5) featuring an outdoor tennis area. There is also a recreational childrens park (7), potential for water sports activities in the nearby lake (4), as well as cycle and pedestrian pathways across the entire zone to get people moving and encourage health and fitness, This also creates a sense of gathering and encourage social interactions, thus contributing towards SDG goal 2 to enhance health and wellbeing for individuals (Fei et al., 2021).

The absence of vehicular transport routes has been intentional under this development framework to encourage the use of walking and presence of electrical bikes/scooters as a method of transport which contributes towards lowering carbon emissions and pressure on the environment, and the electric bike and scooter parking (2) provides ease of access into the new area, also contributing towards one of the UN SDG’s to promote good health and wellbeing (Fei et al., 2021).

TO REMEMBER SALFORDS HISTORICAL HERITAGE The Concept masterplan has also ensured to embed the UN’s SDG 4 to promote quality education and provide opportunities for visitors. Therefore, it is important to remember Salford’s historical heritage, and a historic centre (3) has been placed towards the east façade of the zone so that this is one of the first thing visitors will see on entry from the north side. It is a place to encourage people to visit and learn about the growth of Salford from the Industrial Revolution, its conservation areas and its continuing wealth. The library (11) is also another way for visitors to easily access relevant resources needed to generate knowledge and reach their goals, thus improving the health and wellbeing of individuals. The school and the connecting yard (12) has also been built within a close vicinity to the library for students to have easy access (Fei et al., 2021).

TO SUPPORT INFASTRUCTURE FOR SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

TO BUILD A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY

A range of infrastructures have been implemented in the zone to provide several social, economic and environmental benefits. A UN Report estimates that approximately 3 billion people across the world live in urban slum conditions. The implementation of affordable housing (1) will contribute towards UN goal 1 to end poverty, goal 6 to provide clean water and sanitation, goal 7 to provide affordable and clean energy, and goal 11 to build sustainable cities and communities (Fei et al., 2021).

Building a sustainable community is also key to reaching UN Sustainable Development goals, and many green infrastructures have been implemented including the creation of habitats and the plantation of trees to create fresh green recreational spaces for visitors. This also encourages life on land (biodiversity) goal 15 which aims to protect and restore ecosystems. The lack of vehicular transportation has been intentional under this development framework in order to reduce carbon emissions by providing an alternative method of transport via foot or electrical systems (Fei et al., 2021).

The implementation of hotels (1), cafes/restaurants (8), food and gift stalls (13), the cinema (13), and the shopping area (14), not only encourages more visitors therefore generating a greater sense of togetherness, but also provides employment while offices (9) provide employment Providing support to those who are in need with the homeless shelter (10) is also a vital part of social value as it protects individuals wellbeing’s from the outdoors and provides them with a place to stay, thus helping the community and achieving SDG goal 1 to end poverty and goal 3 to promote health and wellbeing. It also helps with goal 8 to promote economic growth and productive employment for all aswell as goal 9 to promote innovation and infastructure (Fei et al., 2021).

Furthermore, a large new Festival stage area (16) has been incorporated on the west façade of the zone to create events for social gatherings and music to create an uplifting environment for the community, thus improving the happiness of visitors and social value for the area.

Infastructure has been carefully situated to take advantage of natural daylighting and reducing mechanical systems needed to heat the building, and green walls and roofs have been implemented onto the buildings to enhance biodiversity of plants and wildlife in this area as much as possible, Solar panels also harness light energy from the sun needed to reduce mechanical systems which create large amounts of carbon. Solar Photovoltaic panels are able to generate electricity without increasing operational carbon of the building, thus contributing towards the reduction of carbon emissions in this area, and adhering to biodiversity goal 15 aswell as goal 12 to promote sustainable consumption and goal 7 of affordable and clean energy (Fei et al., 2021).

Furthermore, a lake (4) runs through the north to the south façade of the zone which helps to create sealife and also encourages watersports such as rowing and kayaking for visitors. Furthermore, this lake is being used to harvest rainwater and use it to provide fresh water in buildings including the new Activist Movement Centre. This reduces the use of mechanical systems and carbon energy needed to pump water from elsewhere.

This contributes towards the SDG goal 3 to generate good health and wellbeing, goal 14 for life below the sea and SDG goal number 6 to provide sustainable clean water systems and sanitation (Fei et al., 2021).

Overall this new development zone in connection with the New Activist Movement Centre provides a range of benefits not only for the economy but also has the environmental and social values at the forefront of the project.

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