Indonesia

National DM Framework

Under the 2015 Disaster Management Law, the day-to-day operation of the National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) is governed by a Secretariat. There are general focal points in government line ministries, and Sub-National Committees for Disaster Management down to local level. The NCDM is Cambodia’s AHA Centre National Focal Point. During a disaster, the NCDM assembles at the National Emergency Coordination Centre to coordinate disaster response activities.177

Law on Disaster Management (2015)

In 2015, Cambodia’s Law on Disaster Management was passed. This was a significant shift from a system of DM based only on subsidiary legislation, which had been in place since 1995. In contrast, the 2015 DM Law is a broader and more authoritative legislative mandate. The legal framework for DM assigns legally binding roles and responsibilities, establishes institutions, and helps ensure allocation of resources and mechanisms for coordination amongst different institutions.178

Indonesia was a founding member-state of ASEAN in 1967.179 Indonesia is closely involved in disaster planning and management. A Mentawai Megathrust Earthquake and Tsunami that impacts Indonesia is a planning scenario addressed in the ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP), which provides a framework that applies for most types of hazards. The disaster scenario provides an overview of a likely large-scale emergency event.180 During the 2020 Jakarta floods, the AHA Centre provided support through four in-country ASEAN ERAT members who assisted in management of the evacuation center in the Jatiasih warehouse, which is owned by the Indonesian BNPB. The AHA Centre staff also worked alongside BNPB to share data and monitor the disaster.181

Disaster Risk

Indonesia faces many natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and droughts. In any given year, the country records more than 3,000 natural disasters across the country. On average, 90% or more of these events are hydrometeorological (e.g., storms, tornadoes, and floods); earthquakes and tsunamis are typically more deadly and more damaging although they occur less frequently.182

National DM Framework

Indonesia’s BNPB is the country’s central governing body for all disaster-related activities. It coordinates all activities from preparedness, prevention, and mitigation to response, and it directs and manages national DRR and disaster risk mitigation (DRM) efforts. Provincial and local DM agencies are mandated to undertake DRM/DRR functions in their respective jurisdictions. The Ministry of National Development Planning (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional or BAPPENAS) and the local agency for planning and development, Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) also play a role in DRR as they are the authorities responsible for development, including land-use and planning.183

Disaster Management Law (No. 24/2007)

The Disaster Management Law 24/2007 laid out Indonesia’s principles of DM including national and regional responsibilities, rights, and obligations. The law also laid the foundations for coordination among stakeholders during the phases of a disaster response. It laid the groundwork for creation of BNPB and called for creation of regulations for that agency’s operation, disaster funding, local DM capacity building, and coordination of international assistance. Presidential Regulation 8 of 2008, then, provided the authorities for BNPB and the agency’s structure.184