Tot 01 2020-2021

A2 • B1

THE MAGAZINE FOR YOUR ENGLISH

a

1

of English

YEAR XLIII N° 1 • September-October 2020 • Imprimé á Taxe Réduite

Find out about...

Surfing

The Great Wall of China

Animals and their feelings

Timothée Chalamet

06 07 10

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Street art!

Balloon Girl

Artist: Bansky is one of the most mysterious and mythical street artists. Nobody knows what he looks like! His works are revolutionary and criticize the modern world Date and place: 2002, wall of an East London shop

info@elimagazines.com ELI srl, C.P. 6, 62019 Recanati, Tel. (071) 750701, Fax (071) 977851, E-mail: info@elionline.com - www.elionline.com Direttore responsabile: Lamberto Pigini. Realizzazione testi: Samantha Charlton. Autorizzazione Trib. di Macerata N. 352 del 27 ottobre 1992. Realizzazione: Tecnostampa, Loreto © ELI Italy 2020 NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM OR ANY MEANS OR FOR ANY PURPOSES WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION. THE PUBLISHER IS PREPARED TO MAKE PAYMENT FOR ANY COPYRIGHT OF PHOTOGRAPHS WHERE THE SOURCE HAS BEEN IMPOSSIBLE TO TRACE. ALTHOUGH WE CHECK THE CONTENT AND SUITABILITY OF THE WEB SITES FEATURED OR REFERRED TO IN OUR MAGAZINES AT THE TIME OF GOING TO PRESS, WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CHANGES TO WHICH MAY HAVE OCCURRED SINCE, AS THESE WEB SITES ARE IN NO WAY ASSOCIATED WITH ELI.

Unauthorised photocopyng is illegal.

Subject: a little girl lets go of, or loses, her heart-shaped balloon. Next to the famous image are the words: “There is always hope” Interesting fact: the work was removed* from the wall in 2014, then sold for hundreds of thousands of pounds

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Greetings

Samantha

Hi dear readers!

I’ve missed you all! I don’t know about you, but I’m definitely ready to start another year of A TOT of English. I hope that you enjoy the street art by Banksy, which this issue begins with (I love Banksy!), as well as the report about animals... and their feelings! In this issue we’re visiting Sydney, Australia – and we’re learning how to surf. We’ve also got an interview with Timothée Chalamet, a well-loved and talented actor!

What are you waiting for? Let’s get started!

Contents Sommario The World’s Great Cities

4

Wonders of the modern world

6

Report

7

Sydney

The Great Wall of China Animals and their feelings

People 10 Timothée Chalamet

Test 11 How much do you care about the environment?

Find out about...

12

Games Galore

14

Surfing

Novel 16 Where the Crawdads Sing

2020: year of special moons!

In early April we admired the “super moon” in the sky, with the naked eye – the moon in fact shone at its maximum intensity. It appeared 7% larger and 15% brighter than on nights when there is a regular full moon. Native Americans, who called it the “snow moon” because it was seen in the middle of winter, gave a name to the full moon of each month (“deer moon”, “blue moon”, “long night moon”...).

The colours in which we occasionally see the moon in the sky are caused by refracted light* from the Earth’s atmosphere, which allows only a few luminous frequencies to pass.

The full moon seen in traditional Halloween images hardly ever happens. It is very rare indeed that on 31 October there is a full moon. But this year you can raise your eyes to the sky and enjoy this special event!

Match

On 31 October Halloween, a celebration of British origin, is celebrated almost everywhere in the world. But did you know that there is a fear of Halloween, studied by doctors?

And did you know that there are other really specific fears related to this period? Match the name of the fear to its meaning!

Hi, I’m Grammy.

This month we’ll learn about: - modal verbs - personal pronouns - use of prepositions - the superlative form

- reflexive verbs - the infinitive form

Glossary

light frequencies: light rays Native Americans: American Indians, populations who lived in America before colonization refracted: broken, then sent in a different direction removed: taken away with the naked eye: without devices, without binoculars or telescope

a

Samhainophobia

1. Fear of witches

b

Phasmophobia

2. Fear of the dark

c

Wiccaphobia

3. Fear of Halloween

d

Nictophobia

4. Fear of ghosts

The answers are on page 14.

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Harbour Bridge

Sydneysiders (people who live in Sydney!) call this ‘the giant coathanger*’. Opened in 1932, this incredible structure crosses the narrowest points of the harbour.

It is 134m high, 1149m long, 49m wide and weighs 52,800 tonnes.

Sydney’s Harbour Bridge is the largest and heaviest (but not the longest) steel* arch in the world.

The best way to experience this bridge is on foot!

Bondi Beach

For many, this beach symbolises Sydney. Bondi is one of the world’s most famous beaches. This is the perfect place for surfing, swimming or sunbathing, and it’s just 8km from the city centre.

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Sydney

One of Australia’s largest cities, Sydney is best known for its distinctive* Opera House, sparkling harbour and massive* arched Harbour Bridge. There are plenty of other things to see and do in Sydney. Let’s take a tour around this exciting city!

the superlative form

The world’s great cities

New Year in Sydney!

Sydney is the perfect place to spend New Year’s Eve. Every year, the city lets off a spectacular fireworks display from the Harbour Bridge. There are two displays – the first is at 9pm and the second is at midnight. This one is televised around the world!

Royal Botanic Garden

Established in 1816, this large, beautiful garden has plants from Australia and around the world.

This is the best place in Sydney to have a picnic, go for a jog, or just relax on the grass! Or you can take a free guided walk that lasts 1 ½ hours, and learn about the garden’s Aboriginal and local history.

Opera House

This building is famous all around the world, and is Australia’s most recognisable landmark*! Its shape

represents white sails. Located on Circular Quay, the best way to experience Sydney’s Opera House is to go to a dance, concert, opera or theatre performance!

Taronga Zoo

Take a 12-minute ferry ride from Circular Quay and visit a unique zoo full of kangaroos, koalas, platypuses, and many other animals from around the world. Taronga Zoo is 75 hectares in size and has an incredible view over Sydney Harbour.

Sydney Superlative Quiz

Have you read the story about Sydney? Complete the superlative forms in the brackets below and then answer the questions!

1 Where’s the .................................. (good) place to have a picnic? ............................ .......................................................................

4 What’s the .................................... (good) way to experience Sydney’s Harbour Bridge? ........................................................ .......................................................................

2 What’s the name of the ........................... 5 What’s the name of one of the world’s (large) and .................................. (heavy) .................................... (famous) beaches, steel arch bridge in the world? ............. located in Sydney? ................................... ....................................................................... .......................................................................

6 What’s the .................................... (good) 3 What’s Sydney’s ........................................ way to experience Sydney Opera (recognisable) landmark? .......................

House? ........................................................ ....................................................................... .......................................................................

Glossary

coathanger: an object to hang clothes up with in a wardrobe distinctive: easy to recognise landmarks: an important place massive: very big steel: a type of metal

The answers are on page 14.

05

Wonders of the modern world

The Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is a very long series of walls in present-day China. It crosses 15 provinces in the north of the country, including Beijing. In 1987 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in 2007 it was included among the seven wonders of the modern world. It is considered a symbol of China and its thousand-year history.

How and when

The Chinese began building it in 215 BC, at the behest of the first emperor of the Qin dynasty* - the first Chinese dynasty in order to protect the Silk Road* and the Empire from barbarian invasions.

His project was truly ambitious and original, and it happened more than 2000 years ago! The wall was built with the use of the forced labour* of soldiers, peasants and prisoners, with different materials depending on the period. Mostly it is built from stone, earth, sand and bricks, transported by hand with wagons, ropes or animals.

Every 500 metres there is a turret*, from which soldiers fired arrows and defended the walls.

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The size

The wall was previously thought to be 6350 km long, but from the measurements made today, with infrared rays and GPS, it appears to be 8850 km long.

To this we must add thousands of kilometres of branches* for a total of 21,196.18 km.

The walls are 5 to 8 metres high and meet the sea at Shanhaiguan, known as “First Step Under Heaven”. The wall, which looks like a huge dragon, has a head, “Old Dragon’s Head”: it is the point where the wall crosses the Gulf of Bohai.

Did you know?

The Wall is one of the most visited tourist places in the world, partly because it weaves through the middle of hills and mountains where there is wonderful nature and unique panoramas to be admired.

It’s not true that you can see the Great Wall from space with the naked eye, because although it’s very long, it’s not very wide (less than 10 metres on average).

The meaning

The Wall is a symbol of the Chinese people, a very proud and strong civilization with a unique and ancient culture. In fact, it has inspired paintings, poems, plays, stories and legends. One of the most famous is that of Meng Jiang Nu, the sad love story of a girl who saves a man from forced labour on the wall.

Legend has it that the girl cried on the wall for days and nights.

Mao said, “You are not a true hero until you have climbed the great wall.” This sentence has become a saying: to reach your goals, you have to face many challenges.

Glossary

branches: roads that detach like branches from the main road (here from the wall) dynasty: set of emperors of the same family forced labour: heavy labour given as punishment for slaves, prisoners, etc.

Silk Road: set of commercial routes that linked East Asia to the Near East and the Mediterranean turret: small tower within the walls, from which incoming enemies were controlled

Report

Animals and their feelings

They are our great friends. When we look into their eyes, we sense how much they love us but... apart from this affection, do animals actually feel emotions like us?

From Darwin to new scientific discoveries, we discover that animals are full of feelings!

When we look our little dog in the eye, we feel a lot of affection, of course.

But what do animals really feel?

For example, pigs get excited, and if they can’t play with other pigs, they suffer from depression* and get sick. Just like us! For this reason, on German pig farms, the

animals are cuddled* for at least 20 seconds a day and given toys to keep them entertained.

Strong emotions can be seen in all animals when faced with death or separation from a loved one. In short, animals are capable of more than just instinct*; they are capable of displaying a wide range of emotions. Elephants and birds can feel displeasure; mice, chickens and cetaceans are empathetic*; while monkeys, crows, turtles and octopuses suffer, rejoice and get angry.

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Report

From Darwin to today Charles Darwin was the first scientist to discover certain feelings in animals such as anger, happiness, sadness, and fear...

In 1600 the important philosopher Descartes said that animals do not think or feel emotions!

Today, scientific research is finally studying these areas, and it can be said that animals are capable of experiencing emotion, like humans. In animals we see joy, pain, jealousy, embarrassment*, disgust and many other feelings that Darwin still hadn’t understood completely.

It isn’t yet well known whether the emotions of the animals are the same as ours, and we don’t know a lot about how they express them. But surely the wolves that gather

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and jump back and forth in a circle are expressing happiness, just like the elephants that, when they see each other*, flap their big ears and call to each other.

Mark Benoff, a famous American scholar, says that some animals also have a sense of humour and wonder. But above all, they’re very intelligent: there are crows that leave unshelled walnuts on the street and stop to wait for a car to crush them.

Animals are sensitive It’s now understood and clear to everyone: animals feel pain and joy but also many other emotions, such as fear. They are “sentient”, that is, they’re able to feel things. From this discovery onwards, people began talking about “animal welfare”, a new idea that gives cause for concern, for example, for animals that are locked up all their lives.

In goats, for example, we hear cries that seem like requests, such as “I’m hungry”, “I feel alone”,

and “I’m afraid”. Horses that live alone in their stall are more nervous than horses that live in a group outdoors.

World Animal Day World Animal Day is celebrated on 4 October around the world. It was created to protect the rights and welfare of animals. This date was chosen because it is the feast of Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals. Every country celebrates differently, and there are many animal rights organ-

Interesting facts about animals

isations* that organise events, led by the Naturewatch Foundation, an association that works for animal welfare. If you cannot participate in these events, you can share information with the hashtag #WorldAnimalDay, or you can take a fun and affectionate selfie with our animal friends and share the photo. The important thing is to take part!

impersonal pronouns and reflexive verbs

Guess

Last year gave us “the cutest dog in the world”, a true social media star. His name is Boo, and he is a Pomeranian Fox. Boo has 540,000 followers on Instagram and 16 million fans on Facebook. His owners say he is always a happy and affectionate dog, especially with his close friend Buddy. Guess what makes him a little different! a He has short hair b He weighs less than a kilogram c He has a very long tail

The Alston mouse, which lives in Central America, serenades its beloved* and can sing very well. Like a cartoon character!

Monkeys are ticklish and laugh just like us.

Lizards and iguanas yawn, but not if they feel tired: they yawn to exercise their jaw or to clean their teeth!

Killer whales cry: a killer whale from the Pacific Ocean cried for 17 days when its young died.

Seals sneeze in order to inhale fresh air and to breathe bette r.

But... they can’t blow their noses like us!

Glossary

animal rights organisations: a group of people who come together to protest against the exploitation and disrespect of animals cuddled: given hugs and kisses depression: feeling of deep sadness embarrassment: feeling uncomfortable and shy in front of others empathetic: capable of understanding and sharing the emotions of others flap: move backwards and forwards swiftly instinct: act by natural character, innate behaviour serenade: song that a lover plays and sings to his beloved

The answer is on page 14.

09

People

“His sensitive gaze, his emotions and his fragility* on screen make us fall in love with him at first sight.”

You are relatively new to the world of cinema and everyone wants you. What’s your secret?

I don’t know what the secret of my success is! After a few small roles in the cinema, my real success came in 2017 with Luca Guadagnino’s film, Call me by your name. The film, loved by critics* and the public, has won many awards. For example, I’m the youngest actor to receive an Oscar nomination in the past 80 years J I was only 22 and it didn’t seem real. In the same year, Lady Bird was released, where I play Kyle: it’s a small role, but it’s part of a film that has become famous. You must be good, but you must also be lucky enough to work in the right film for you.

Where do you keep the 44 awards you’ve won?

My mum keeps them, close to the trophies* that I won as a kid in sports competitions, when I dreamed of becoming a footballer. My whole family works in the entertainment world, but now I’m the star! Thanks to my father, a French journalist, I also have French citizenship. We always went to Le Chambon-sur-Lignon for the summer holidays. My sister, on the other hand, who is an actor like me, lives in Paris and is my best friend*. I can talk about everything with her, but I am also very open with my parents.

What kind of guy are you?

I am a lucky guy, and I’m proud to work and be able to pay for things myself. It’s my golden moment! The stylists want to give me their clothes. Vogue says I’m among the most elegant men in Hollywood, and some actresses have fallen in love with me.

Some say that I look like Titanic’s

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Timothée Chalamet Identity card

Name: Timothée Hal Surname: Chalamet Place and date of birth: New York, December 27, 1995 Profession: actor Interesting fact: in Hollywood he is called “it boy” or “the new Di Caprio” Di Caprio: Wow! I miss my friends, though, because it’s hard to see them with my job. As for everything else, I don’t want to change; I want to stay who I am. My secret dream* is to be happy in my everyday life, and what I have today is... wonderful!

Your passions?

Literature above all. Now I am reading all the Russian writers, from Tostoj to Dostoevskij. Cinema, of course: Louis de Funès is my favourite actor. I listen to music, but my tastes are a little old-fashioned, like David Bowie, Nancy Sinatra and Talking Heads. I don’t like social media; I have an Instagram account that I don’t use much and no official Facebook page. I have so much to do that I don’t have time to devote myself to something that’s not real, like social media J

Glossary

best friend: dearest friend of all, someone you tell everything contented: be happy even if you don’t have much critics: people who judge works of art daily: everyday fragility: weakness, weaknesses that every person has secret dream: desire that a person has and keeps secret trophies: prizes given to athletes

modal verbs

Adored by all directors and women, Timothée knows he is lucky and has a wonderful life.

The important thing, he says, is to be contented* What they say about him with your daily life*!

Test

How much do you care about the environment?

1 What do you do with left-

over bread? a I make meatballs b I give it to the birds c I throw it in the bin

2

Do you recycle* at home? a Always! b Only sometimes, especially the paper c No, because then everything goes to the landfill* together!

3 What water do you drink?

a Tap or spring water b Water in glass bottles c Water in 500 ml plastic bottles

4 You see a plastic bottle on

5 You are on the beach and a friend throws a bag

into the sea. a I reproach him and explain how much damage plastic can do in the sea b I take the bag and throw it in the bin c I don’t say anything; I don’t want my friend to feel bad about it!

the ground. What do you do? a I throw it in the nearest How much are you willing to change, to save the recycling bin* for plastic environment? b I’m sorry to hear that a Completely, if it helps to protect nature and animals someone pollutes b Some of my behaviour, but not all c I’ll leave it there, because c Almost nothing because others are already it’s definitely dirty working on it

6

a

c

b Answered mostly ‘a’: 100% environmentalist* You love the environment around you very much and do everything to protect it. You feel part of nature, and you think that all your behaviour is important in protecting the environment. You get excited when you see the Greenpeace boats that stop the whaling ships*, and you think the world has a bright future. The health of planet Earth is really important for you: our future is in our hands! Well done!

Answered mostly ‘b’: attentive to the environment You feel like an environmentalist in your heart, but sometimes you don’t take action when you should. You have to grow a little more and still need convincing that your actions will make a difference. You understand the importance of respecting nature and the world around you, but you don’t always do everything you can to help the environment. You will soon become a true ecologist, but for now you still have to learn and study many things. You are on the right path!

Answered mostly ‘c’: me first, then the environment The environment is important but... you are not willing to change your behaviours and compromise your personal comfort to help it. You use the car when you feel like it; it doesn’t matter if you pollute. There are already many people who think about the environment, you don’t need to do it too. You don’t believe everything scientists say, and you think the world won’t improve anyway. The truth is that you don’t want to commit yourself. Try changing your mind!

use of prepositions

Glossary

environmentalist: person who respects nature, the environment and animals landfill: place where all types of waste are collected recycle: divide your waste into plastic, paper, metal, glass... recycling bin: waste container for different recyclable containers whaler: large ships that hunt and catch whales

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Find out about...

Surfing

One of the world’s most popular sports, surfing puts you face-toface with the awesome* power of the ocean. They say that once you try it, you’ll be hooked*. All you need is a surfboard and a wet suit (if you live in a colder climate)... and of course ocean waves!

Choose the right board Get lessons Be patient Learn ‘surf ethics’ Choose the right spot to start

3 .......................................................

4 .......................................................

It’s worth asking someone to show you the basics before you get started – that way you don’t learn bad habits!

1 .......................................................

Surfing is hard! Remember the ocean is different every day, and in order to master this sport you need to practice lots!

2 .......................................................

More expensive isn’t necessarily better. When you’re a beginner get a wide, thick, long board that floats* really well!

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Do some research online before going surfing, as some beaches are best left to experienced surfers.

5 .......................................................

There are many, many rules to go by in surfing: don’t paddle* inside, don’t drop in, don’t snake, don’t ditch* your surfboard, and so on. Learn what these all mean!

Use of the Past Simple, Imperative form for instructions, the Superlative form

If you’re going to take up surfing, here a few important things to remember. Match the titles with the right advice.

Did you know?

Here are some fun and interesting facts about surfing. Complete the sentences with the Past Simple using the verbs in brackets.

1 The first account of surfing ­­­­­was given in 1778 by Captain James Cook when he .................................... (to see) it being practiced in Hawaii.

2 The first official surfing contest .................................... (to take) place at Corona del Mar, California in 1928.

3 You can get a degree in surfing! Plymouth University in the UK .................................. (to start) a degree course in Surf Science and Technology in 1999.

4 The record for the longest surf ride is 3 hours, 55 minutes, set by Panamanian surfer Gary Saavedra in 2011, riding an artificial wave .................................... (to create) by a power boat.

5 The biggest wave ever recorded .................................... (to be) 1738 feet! 1738 feet translates to 530 metres – that’s about 500 feet taller than the Empire State Building and nearly half the height of Ben Nevis! This mega-tsunami .................................... (to happen) in 1958 in Lituya Bay in southern Alaska.

The answers are on page 14.

Glossary

awesome: incredible ditch (verb): to abandon floats: remains on the surface of the water hooked: addicted paddle (verb): move through the water using your hands and feet or a wooden paddle

13

Games Galore

Insert the words

I am a cat is the title of a very famous book from 1905 by the Japanese writer Natsume Soseki. The cat in the book lives at the beginning of the twentieth century with a very curious professor... try to insert the correct words in the text, which is the beginning of the novel.

COVERED • CURIOUS • CAT • HUMAN • REMEMBER • TIME

I’m a ........................................... I still don’t have a name.

Where I was born? I don’t have the faintest idea. I ........................................... only that I was desperately meowing in a damp and dark place. It was there that, for the first ........................................... , I saw a ........................................... It was one of those students who rent a room off a teacher. (...)

I looked him in the face. He was the first individual belonging to the human species that I’d seen in my life. What a ........................................... creature, I thought, and I still find them strange. For starters, instead of being ........................................... with fur, the human was smooth as a teapot.

Words... used in popular expressions

1 ROAD 2 HEART A Take the high road A Light hearted Here are some commonly used words. Choose B All roads lead to Rome B Happy hearted which phrase is NOT a popular expression, and C Roads all go home C A change of heart D A road to nowhere D Heart of gold then try writing what the others all mean below.

E Hit the road E Close to my heart ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............……………..........................…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............……………..........................…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............……………..........................…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............……………..........................…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............……………..........................……

The answers are below.

Answers Pg 3 Match: a.3 (from the name of the Celtic festival called Samhain), b.4, c.1, d.2. Pp 4-5 Sydney Superaltive Quiz: 1. best/Royal Botanic Garden; 2. largest/heaviest/Sydney Harbour Bridge; 3. most recognisable/Opera House; 4. best/on foot; 5. most famous/Bondi Beach; 6. best/go to a dance, opera, concert or theatre performance. Pp 7-9 Match: a), He has a short coat (other dogs of this breed have a long coat!). Pp 12-13 Surfing advice. 1 Be patient; 2 Choose the right board; 3 Choose the right spot to start; 4 Get lessons; 5 Learn ‘surf ethics’; Did you know? 1 saw, 2 took, 3 started, 4 created, 5 was, happened. Pg 14 Insert the words: cat, remember, time, human, curious, covered; Words... used in popular expressions: 1 C (A. don’t argue about petty things; B. the same outcome can be reached by many methods or ideas; D. a useless enterprise; E. leave); 2 B (A. not serious; C. to change your mind; D. to be a really good person; E. something that is very important to you).

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Liven up your lessons!

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Novel

Where the Crawdads Sing

Engrossing* and moving*, Where the Crawdads Sing is a heartbreaking* novel that is at once a murder mystery, a coming-of-age* story and a celebration of nature.

Delia Owens brings the desolate* marshlands of North Carolina to life through the eyes of an abandoned child. Kya is a very special heroine, and her story is unforgettable.

The story

Kya Clark isn’t like other people.

Locals call her the ‘Marsh Girl’ as for years she has survived in marshlands. The gulls are her friends, and she learns lessons from nature. Kya’s life changes when in 1969, there is a murder in the quiet town of Barkley Cove on the North Carolina coast. Handsome Chase Andrews is dead – and some of the locals suspect Kya of killing him.

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But now Kya is tired of living alone. She yearns* to be touched and loved, and when two young men from the town that is so suspicious of her become intrigued* by her beauty, Kya attempts to start a new life – until the unthinkable* happens.

The author

of three Delia Owens is the co-author fiction books non g llin tse internationally bes ntist in Africa— scie e dlif wil about her life as a the Elephant, Cry of the Kalahari, The Eye of currently lives and Secrets of the Savanna. She her support for in Idaho, where she continues bia. Where the the people and wildlife of Zam el.

Crawdads Sing is her first nov use of the adjectives

“Time ensures children never know their parents young.”

“There are some who can live without wild things, and some who cannot.”

Glossary

coming-of-age: a story about someone growing up desolate: empty engrossing: very interesting heartbreaking: very sad intrigued: interested moving: makes you feel strong emotions unthinkable: difficult to imagine yearns: wants very much

Tot of English N° 4 - 2020 - Poste Italiane S.P.A. - Sped. in abb. post. - D.L. 353/2003 (Conv. in L. 27/02/2004 n. 46) Art. 1, comma 1, DCB - Ancona

Tassa Riscossa / Taxe Perçue

by Delia Owens