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Janet Harmer

Step on it

2

let’s blog vocabulary games & idioms skills & culture grammar B1 Preliminary (PET) The story FRANKENSTEIN, OR THE MODERN PROMETHEUS

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Didattica inclusiva

Realtà aumentata

STEP

1

Welcome to Wales!

games & idioms

vocabulary

let’s blog

4 Getting to grips with English!

5 Play with English!

6

1

STEP

2

Insta thoughts

12 Social lingo

13 Social media

14

STEP

3

Off to work we go!

20 Keep calm and work hard

21 All in a day’s work!

22

29 Mirror mirror on the wall…

30

5

STEP

4

Looking good

28 What do you look like?

8

STEP

5

Anthony Hopkins

36 Take one!

37 Cinema

38

STEP

6

Adventure in Anglesey

44 Life is an adventure

45 Just the ticket!

46

7

Never refuse to reuse

52 Save the planet

8

Spooky Wales

STEP

STEP

12

15

60 No place like home

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53 The grass is always greener…

61

54

skills & culture READING ER, how do you pronounce that?

7 • The present perfect simple 8 • PAPER 1 – READING • The present perfect • PAPER 2 – WRITING continuous • PAPER 3 – LISTENING

2

READING Hikikomori

The Cambridge English: B1 Preliminary (PET)

grammar

15 • The passive • Have something done • Phrasal verbs

16

4

LISTENING Summer heroes 6

18

3

23 • Relative clauses – Defining relative clauses – Relative pronouns who, which, that, whose, whom, where – Non-defining relative clauses • Reported speech

24

31 • The -ing form • The infinitive • The infinitive or the -ing form • Verb + object + infinitive • Compound nouns

22

10

LISTENING Get lost… for fun!

13

39 • The conditionals • Unless, in case, as long as/so long as, provide/providing (that)

25

26

78

FRANKENSTEIN,

OR THE MODERN PROMETHEUS

by Mary Shelley

32

40

48

56 16

• So and such 62 • Too and enough • Gradable and non-gradable adjectives 17

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24

THE STORY

14

READING 55 • Question tags Mithi river clean-up • So… / Neither/Nor… • Embedded questions

23

76

Social English

11

47 • Adjectives ending in -ing or -ed • Order of adjectives • Special forms of comparatives

21

Glossary

9

LISTENING Don’t judge a book by its cover

20

• PAPER 4 – SPEAKING

7

READING Beauty and the bloke

19

66 71 72

• Meet the author • The characters • Five freaky Frankenstein facts

2 2 3

Episode 1 1 My name is Doctor Victor Frankenstein

4

Episode 2 2 The creature is born

6

Episode 3 3 The monster’s revenge

8

Episode 4 4 The monster tells his story 10 Episode 5 5 The monster’s education

12

Episode 6 6 The monster kills William

14

Episode 7 7 Frankenstein breaks his promise

16

Episode 8 8 The monster strikes again

18

Episode 9 9 The death of Frankenstein and the monster

20

• How well do you remember the story?

22

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Welcome to Wales!

Welc

1. bet_ scommetto 2. you’re spoilt for choice_hai l’imbarazzo della scelta

Hi everybody! everyb Welcome to my blog! all, let me introduce First of all m myself! My name’s Rhys Davies, I’m R 16 and I’m Welsh – I live in the capital city, Cardiff (or Caerdydd in Welsh ) in the Card south of Wales. I’ve always lived here – grea place to live and in my blog I’ll be it’s a great giving you lots of info about Wales which I bet1 you didn’t know!

If you’re wondering what there is to do in Cardiff, well… you’re spoilt for choice2: amazing attractions, loads of quality entertainment, plenty of shopping and amazing tours!

Did you know we have our own language?

Yep, Welsh (or Cymraeg, pronounced Kuhmrighe) is spoken in Wales (Cymru) by about 750,000 people, including me and my family.

There are radio stations and a TV channel that broadcast entirely or mainly in Welsh. We have newspapers and magazines in Welsh and there is an incredible Welsh music scene! At school Welsh is compulsory (either as a first or a second language) from the age of 5 to 16 (the first school to use Welsh as the medium of instruction was in Aberystwth in 1939).

Despite the fact that Welsh doesn’t have much in common with English (it’s related to Cornish Breton, Irish and Scottish Gaelic), it is not that

difficult to master. It’s as easy and as difficult as any other language. Not many people know that an early form of Welsh was spoken across much of England: this can be seen in place names like “Dover” (which derives from the Welsh dwfs which means “water”).

Anyway, if you fancy learning a bit of Welsh, here are a few useful words and phrases!

Byeee or… hwyl fawr!!!

Rhys English

Welsh

Good morning Bore da

Pronunciation (Bor-eh Dah)

Good day

Dydd da

(Dith Dah)

Good afternoon

Prynhawn da

(Prihnown Dah)

Good night

Nos da

(Nohs Dah)

How are you?

Sut mae

(Sit Mae)

Thanks

Diolch

(Dee-ol[ch])

Welcome

Croeso

(Kroy-so)

Mountain

Mynydd

(Muhneth)

Sea

Môr

(More)

House

Tŷ

(Tih)

Bread

Bara

(Barra)

Tea

Te

(Tear)

Sugar

Siwgwr

(Shoog-oor)

Milk

Llefrith

([Ll]ev-rith)

1. True (T) or false (F)? Correct the false statements.

T F 1. Rhys has lived in Cardiff since he was 16 2. Welsh has been taught in schools for more T F than 80 years.

3. Children in Wales must study Welsh at school. T F

4. The fact that Welsh is very different from English makes it difficult to learn.

5. It is a well-known fact that some English place names derive from Welsh.

2. Find the words in the text which match the following definitions.

1. (to have) many things to choose from

4. to send out a programme on TV or the radio

2. a large amount of 3. obligatory

5. a means of communication 6. to learn something very well Europass © Casa Editrice G. Principato

4

T

F

T

F

vocabulary Getting to grips with English!

1. Match the following definitions with an example.

1. □ a homonym 2. □ phonetic script 3. □ slang 4. □ a tongue twister 5. □ an acronym 6. □ a proverb 7. □ onomatopoeia

a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Betty Botter bought some butter tweet tweet Actions speak louder than words my bad right CIA /æ/

2. Find the words in exercise 1 which match the following definitions. tiions.

1. a word or group of words that are difficult to articulate quickly, usually because the sounds are similar: 2. words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings: 3. a short, traditional saying that expresses something obvious: 4. a word formed from the first (or first few) letters of a series of words: 5. the system of symbolisation of the sounds in spoken language: 6. words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to: 7. informal speech, often fresh and humorous:

1

3. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word. Then listen and check.

1. Full stops, question marks and exclamation marks are examples of p

.

2. Run out of, take off and come up with are p

v

3. “She sells sea shells on the sea shore” is a t 4. Bat, fair and train are h

.

t

.

.

5. Woof, hiss and smack are examples of o 6. IDK, BBC and IBM are all a

.

.

7. “The early bird catches the worm” and “Beggars can’t be choosers” are famous p 8. “Mate”, “cool” and the “tube” are all examples of s 9. Common p

.

are il-, im- and un-.

10. Adjectives, verbs, nouns and pronouns are all p

of s

.

4. Find two examples of the following in the box. slowly • tablet • colon • get on with • Y • -ment • adjective • ir- • -tion • noun • headphones • travel • read • fast • il- • full stop • K • take up 1. capital letter:

6. punctuation:

2. phrasal verb:

7. verb:

3. noun:

8. prefix:

4. adverb:

9. suffix:

5. parts of speech: Europass © Casa Editrice G. Principato

5

.

STEP

1

games & idioms

Play with English!

6. A change is as good as a rest

4. Instagram

1. Cross the bridge when you come to it

2. shopaholic

3. traveled 5. ox 10. sink

9. motel 8. noon 7. CSI

15. radar 12. www

13. tear

11. Round and round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran

14. tooth 16. Two wrongs ongs don’t make k a right

18. I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop

17. buzz

21. redder

25. match 25

26. mouse

27. hiss i

1. Find examples from above.

□ □ □ □

□ □ □ □

□ □ □ □

8. Three proverbs

□ □ □ □

□ □ □ □

□ □ □ □

9. Three palindromes (words that are spelt the same backwards and forwards)

□

□

□

1. Three homonyms 2. Three words with irregular plurals 3. Three onomatopoeic words 4. Three tongue twisters 5. Three words that are a combination of two words (eg breakfast+ lunch = brunch) 6. Three US spellings 7. Three acronyms

2. Decipher the followings texting and chat acronyms.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

IDK: YOLO: OFC: BTW: J/K: Europass © Casa Editrice G. Principato

6

20. IT

23. Ted fed Fred bread and Fred fed Ted bread

22. humor

24. liter

19. boom

skills & culture Reading

ER, how do you pronounce that?

There’s no doubt about it, English pronunciation doesn’t follow logical rules. The big question though, is: Why is it so confusing?

English spellings and pronunciation are so strange because the language is really a mix of lots of different languages: Latin, Greek, French and German, and also bits and pieces of other local languages like Celtic and Gaelic. It has also picked up words from countries that used to be part of the British Empire, including India – and we tend to borrow words we like the sound of from Spanish, Italian, Arabic…

Even though English is not a Romance language like Italian or French, 60% of English words have Latin or Greek roots. For example, words that have “para” in them (like parachute or paragraph), “tele” (e.g. telephone), or “cyclo” (e.g. encyclopaedia or bicycle) come from Ancient Greek words.

And thousands of words come from Latin, including picture, village, long, famous, pirate, quiet, priest and even the word language.

Then there were the Angles and Saxons who spoke Germanic languages, so many English words today look or sound similar to German like boot, night, apple, so, good, ground, crystal, God. In fact, most of the “common” words English speakers use come from German roots.

Next, there are French words. The Normans took over England in the year 1066, and for hundreds of years French was used in all important situations. Many French words became part of the English language like: person, fruit, order, lion, captain, art, paint, November, etc.

All these different languages had very different systems for spelling and punctuation, so when they were all mixed up together to make English, they didn’t follow one single set of rules.

So, remember: the next time you get confused by English words, or English pronunciation seems to make no sense, remember that it’s because you’re really speaking Latin, Greek, German, French and many other languages, all at the same time!

1. Read about English pronunciation and decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

Correct the false sentences.

1. English spelling follows logical rules.

2. Many English words have Greek or Latin roots because English is a Romance language.

3. The majority of everyday words used in English have German roots.

4. The Saxons brought the French language to Britain.

5. English pronunciation is influenced by the pronunciation of many other languages.

T

F

T

F

T

F

T

F

T

F

2 2. Listen to the poem Chaos by Gerard Nolst Trenité: the following words rhyme, true (T) or false (F)?

1.

2.

3.

4.

heard and beard great and straight fear and bear cork and sword

T

F

T

F

T

F

T

F Europass © Casa Editrice G. Principato

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STEP

1

The present perfect simple AFFIRMATIVE FORM

NEGATIVE FORM

I/You/We/They + have + past participle

I/You/We/They + haven’t + past participle

Henry has bought a new tablet.

We haven’t been on holiday this year yet.

He/She/It + has + past participle

He/She/It + hasn’t + past participle

Tom has passed his driving test.

She hasn’t read that book.

INTERROGATIVE FORM

INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE FORM

Have + I/you/we/they + past participle

Haven’t + I/you/we/they + past participle

Have you tidied your bedroom?

Haven’t you already seen this film?

Has + he/she/it + past participle

Hasn’t + he/she/it + past participle

Has Cathy gone out?

Hasn’t mum been shopping yet?

Rob has already left for Rome.

• Il past participle dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo -ed alla forma base del verbo; le variazioni ortografiche sono le stesse che si applicano per la formazione del simple past. Per quanto riguarda i verbi irregolari (have, see, ecc.), si utilizza la terza voce del paradigma.

Rob è già partito per Roma.

6. con (not)… yet e still… not (“non… ancora”; still implica che l’azione si sarebbe già dovuta fare) I haven’t had breakfast yet.

I still haven’t had breakfast.

• Il present perfect simple si usa:

Non ho ancora fatto colazione.

1. per parlare di un’esperienza avvenuta in un momento non definito del passato

7. con recently, lately (“ultimamente”), so far (“finora”) e before (“prima d’ora”)

David has lived in many countries.

I haven’t been to the gym recently/lately.

David ha vissuto in molti paesi.

Non sono stato in palestra ultimamente.

How many pages have you read so far?

2. per parlare di un’azione avvenuta in un momento non definito nel passato, i cui effetti hanno un’implicazione nel presente

Quante pagine hai letto finora?

We’ve never done free climbing before.

Non abbiamo mai fatto free-climbing prima d’ora.

My dad has won a medal for running a marathon.

Mio padre ha vinto una medaglia per aver corso una maratona.

8. con today, this morning/evening/afternoon/week/ month/year ecc., per indicare un momento o periodo di tempo non ancora concluso

3. con ever (“mai”, nelle domande) e never (“non… mai”)

I’ve rung the school five times this morning, but it’s always engaged!

– Have you ever been to Rome?

– No, I’ve never been to Rome.

Ho chiamato la scuola cinque volte stamattina, ma è sempre occupato!

– Sei mai stato a Roma?

– No, non sono mai stato a Roma.

9. con for o since, con i verbi di stato (be, know, have, like, love, hate, understand, ecc.); for si usa per specificare il periodo della durata dell’azione, mentre since si usa per precisare il momento d’inizio dell’azione. Nota che in italiano si usa il presente indicativo seguito dalla preposizione “da”.

4. con ever e il superlativo relativo Florence is one of the most beautiful cities I’ve ever visited.

Firenze è una delle città più belle che abbia mai visitato.

5. con just (“appena”) e already (“già”)

We’ve had this car for five years.

They have just bought tickets for the Champions League final.

Abbiamo questa macchina da cinque anni.

Sam has known Harry since they were at Primary School.

Hanno appena comprato i biglietti per la finale di Champions League.

Sam conosce Harry da quando erano alla scuola primaria.

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grammar He hasn’t done any physical exercise for ages.

NOTA BENE

Non fa esercizio fisico da parecchio tempo.

Con i verbi live, work, study e learn si puo usare sia il present perfect simple che il present perfect continuous con for e since.

They’ve been good friends for a long time.

Sono buoni amici da molto tempo.

11. con It’s/This is the first/second/third ecc. time…

Ellen has lived/has been living in Madrid for two years.

This is the first time I’ve been to this restaurant.

Questa è la prima volta che vengo in questo ristorante.

10. con How long…?, Since when…?, for ages, for a long time

• Il simple past, invece, si usa per parlare di azioni o situazioni collocate in un preciso momento nel passato

How long have they been in Sardinia?

Da quanto tempo sono in Sardegna?

My dad broke his leg last week.

Since when have you had that motorbike?

Mio padre si è rotto una gamba la settimana scorsa.

Da quando hai quella moto?

1. Complete the sentences using the present perfect simple of the verbs in the box.

7. – Is Gareth here? I need to speak to him. went out 10 minutes ago!

break • lose • buy • see • take • go 1. Dad

8. – Would you like a piece of cake?

his car keys again. He can’t

– No, thanks, I haven’t had dinner

find them anywhere! friends – he’ll be back for dinner. (you) my pet tortoise? It was in the

3.

1. – Ow! I

kitchen a few minutes ago.

– Here you are, how 2. Donald

5. Claire can’t play tennis for a few months – she

3. – I

2. Complete the sentences using already, yet, just, still, ever or never.

homework! Now I can relax and go to the beach!

– No,

?

(you / last / see) it?

4. – How long

(you / know) Paul?

5. – I

.

(come) to teach here in (know) him for nearly (not / see) you for ages! Where (you / be)?

–I

been there! I went last week.

(just / get) back from a gap

year in Senegal. It

5. Marta has got an English test tomorrow and she

I

!

(be) fantastic!

(never / meet) such friendly

people!

6. I asked my dad to take my scooter to the mechanic but he

– No, when

8 years. eaten haggis?

hasn’t started revising

(you / see) it anywhere?

2014. So I

4. – Let’s go to the new waterpark next Saturday!

– I’ve

(lose) my English grammar

– Since he

– No, their train is late.

3. – Have you

(go) back to the

book!

finished my summer

2. – Haven’t they arrived

(come) to live in Italy 10

USA after only 3 months!

(you) a new bike?

1. Yeah!! I’ve

(you / do) that?

years ago but he

her wrist.

6. Wow!

(cut) my finger! Have you

got a plaster?

my dictionary?

4. Who

!

3. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the present perfect simple or the simple past.

to the cinema with his

2. Enrico

missed him – he

– Sorry! You’ve

6. This is only the first time that Caeleb (play) squash, but he’s really good at it!

hasn’t done it!

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STEP

1

The present perfect continuous AFFIRMATIVE FORM

NEGATIVE FORM

I/You/We/They + have been + -ing form

I/You/We/They + haven’t been + -ing form

They have been cooking all afternoon for the party.

We haven’t been playing on the PS!

He/She/It + has been + -ing form

He/She/It + hasn’t been + -ing form

Fiona has been tidying the house all day.

He hasn’t been sleeping!

INTERROGATIVE FORM

INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE FORM

Have + I/you/we/they + been + -ing form

Haven’t + I/you/we/they + been + -ing form

Have you been working here long?

Haven’t they been working abroad?

Has + he/she/it + been + -ing form

Hasn’t + he/she/it + been + -ing form

Has he been playing football in the living room again?

Hasn’t she been studying oriental languages?

• Il present perfect continuous si usa per esprimere azioni che hanno avuto inizio nel passato e sono ancora in corso nel presente o sono appena terminate. L’attenzione è sull’attività svolta.

• Il present perfect continuous di solito non si usa nella forma negativa, tranne: – per contraddire un’affermazione – You’ve been watching television all afternoon!

– I haven’t been watching television all afternoon.

I’ve been doing my homework!

– You look very tired!

– Yes, I’ve been looking after my little brothers!

– Sembri molto stanco!

– Sì, mi sono occupato dei miei fratellini!

– Hai guardato la televisione tutto il pomeriggio!

– Non ho guardato la televisione tutto il pomeriggio! Ho fatto i compiti!

• Come il present perfect simple, il present perfect continuous si usa con how long, for e since ma con i verbi di azione, non quelli di stato (in questi casi si usa il present perfect simple).

– quando il not nega l’espressione di tempo e non il verbo – Sorry I’m late.

– It’s ok. I haven’t been waiting long.

– How long has Victor been playing Fortnite?

– He’s been playing since ten o’clock this morning.

– Scusami, sono in ritardo.

– Nessun problema. Non è tanto che aspetto.

– Da quanto tempo Victor gioca a Fortnite?

– Gioca dalle dieci di stamattina.

In questo caso la persona aspetta, ma non da tanto.

Invece si usa il present perfect simple per dire che l’azione non si è svolta per niente.

It’s been raining for 24 hours.

Piove da 24 ore.

ATTENZIONE!

Il present perfect continuous non si usa per esprimere la quantità o la frequenza (“quanto”, “quanti” o “quante volte”). Si usa invece il present perfect simple.

I’ve written three e-mails this afternoon.

e non I’ve been writing three e-mails this afternoon.

Ho scritto tre email questo pomeriggio.

She’s seen two films at the cinema this week. e non She’s been seeing two films at the cinema this week.

Ha visto due film al cinema questa settimana.

How much homework have you done?

e non How much homework have you been doing?

Quanti compiti hai fatto?

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grammar 4. Use the words to make sentences using the present perfect continuous.

1. Zoe (work) in a café since the beginning of July.

2. You (play) beach volleyball since 11’clock. Aren’t you tired?

3. Your brother (chat) on the phone for hours! (he / not / finish) yet?

4. I’m really tired! I (work) all morning in the vegetable garden... and I (only / plant) the tomatoes and the lettuce!

5. – I (think) a lot lately (decide) I’d like and I to change schools.

– But you (only / be) at this school for 6 months!

1. – Your face is very red! What / you / do?

– I / sunbathe.

2. Sorry I’m late, my car broke down! I hope / you / not wait / long.

3. I can smell cigarette smoke! You / smoke / again!

4. – What is the matter with Alex?

– He has got a headache. He / read / in / bedroom / and the light isn’t very good.

5. – You’ve got chocolate on your face!

– Have I? Oh dear, I / make / a chocolate cake!

6. I / study the present perfect continuous / all afternoon – it’s quite difficult!

5. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous.

step it up 3

6. Read the text and choose the best answer. Then listen and check.

foreign FRIENDS I (1) a really interesting boy. He is Italian and he (2) to England with a for a few months. Both of them are musicians and friend of his two weeks ago. They (3) they earn a little money busking in the streets: he plays the keyboard and his friend sings. He has been ten years! He is studying music at the Music Academy in Perugia playing the piano (4) there for three years) and he hopes to graduate in two years’ time. Both of them (he (5) it for about eight years. speak really good English: they (6) to London – they went last week – They want to travel a lot while they are here. They (7) to see Edinburgh and Glasgow before flying back to Italy. and they loved it. They (8) High School and want to go to university, even We talked a little about me, too. I (9) what I want to do yet! We (11) coffee together a few times though I (10) to Italy! I can’t wait recently and he has invited me to Perugia to visit him! I (12) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

a meet a has come a are going to stay a since a is a study a have already been a like a just finished a don’t decide a have had a have never been

b have just met b was coming b stay b from b was b are studying b have already gone b liked b would finish b haven’t decided b had b never went

c just met c came c had stayed c for c has been c have been studying c already went c would like c have just finished c have decided c are having c never go

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Anthony Hopkins Antho

1. trainee_ apprendista, tirocinante 2. worth watching_ vale la pena guardare 3. owes_deve 4. self-employed_ lavoratore autonomo 5. capitalised on_sfruttò al meglio 6. knighted_ nominato cavaliere 7. blink_sbattere le palpebre 8. starred_fu protagonista

Hi everyone everyone!! I’ve just watched one of my favourite fil films for the third time… Silence of the Lambs… a 1991 American psychological h horror film starring Jodie Foster as a young FBI trainee1 and Anthony H Hopkins as Hannibal Lecter, an abs absolutely brilliant psychiatrist and cann cannibalistic serial killer! Yeah, I know it’s old but it’s one of the greatest and films of all time – definitely most influential influ watching2! worth watc Anthony Hop Hopkins is, of course… Welsh . He was born into in a working class family in the industrial town of Port Talbot in Wales, and he says he owes3 his discipline to his father, a self-employed4 baker.

He was at his most successful in the 1990s, when, in his 50s, he played loads of roles in which capitalised on5 his talent for playing introverted geniuses. His most famous role was, as I said before, as a psychiatrist with a taste for human flesh, Hannibal Lecter, in Silence of the Lambs.

In 1993, he was knighted6 by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts.

There are lots of things I like about Hopkins: first of all, he has kept his private life… well, private , although he has more than a million followers

on his Instagram account. His idea of a good night is staying in and watching the television.

He’s also got an amazing, dry sense of humour.

When he was asked if he had to train not to blink7 as Hannibal Lecter in Silence of the Lambs he said, “What a stupid question. You just keep your eyes open.”

Hopkins is a workaholic and still works on both the small screen and the big screen: in 2019, he was amazing in The Two Popes where he starred8 as Pope Benedict XVI and then the following year he delivered another really powerful performance as a man battling dementia in The Father.

I'd love to interview him for my blog one day!

By for now.

R

1. True (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences.

1. Hopkins was born in the south of Wales into a wealthy family.

2. He is particularly gifted at playing introspective intellectuals.

T

F

T

F

3. Hopkins enjoys socialising and going to parties.

4. In his last film he plays Pope Benedict XVI.

2. Find the words in the text which match to the following definitions.

1. adjective referring to the act of a human being eating another human being 2. a person who works for himself, freelance 3. took advantage of something

4. people having exceptional intellect or ability 5. open and close your eyes 6. a person who works compulsively

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T

F

T

F

vocabulary Take one!

1. Match the pictures to the words in the box.

1. award • 2. movie star • 3. stuntman • 4. credits • 5. special effects • 6. review • 7. clapper board • 8. screen • 9. red carpet • 10. the set • 11. rom com • 12. make-up artist

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

j.

k.

l.

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STEP

5

games & idioms

Cinema 1. Read the clues and solve the crossword.

Across 4. A film that continues the story from a preceding film.

5. A person who operates a movie camera.

8. Lots of people eat this at the cinema.

9. Someone who creates new dances.

12. First public performance of a film.

13. A person who writes a review of a film.

14. A cinema with many screens.

16. A person who finances the production of a film.

Down 1. A man who substitutes an actor in dangerous scenes.

2. A complete failure.

3. A trial performance by an actor.

4. The sound recorded on a film.

6. Where tickets are sold.

7. The written text of a film.

10. An outdoor cinema where you can watch a film from your car.

11.

1 . Another word for movie.

11 15.

15. A short s ort promotional film showing highlights. sh

1 2

3

4

5 6 7

8

9

10 11 13

14 15 16

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12

skills & culture Listening g

CITIZEN SHIP

DON’T JUDGE A BOOK

BY ITS COVER 10 1. Listen to the interview with Mike Roberts about Human Libraries and choose the correct answer (a or b).

4. To be a “book”… a you need to be ready to talk about everything. b you should believe your experiences can be of help to your readers.

1. When did the Human Library start? a In 1970. b In 2000.

2. At the human library you can… a read books about many people who have experienced prejudice. b speak to people who have experienced identity problems.

5. What do people to do to prepare to be a “book”? a They need to write a story about their experiences in 20 minutes. b Prepare to speak to readers for 20 minutes.

3. People become books because they… a can help people learn about their experiences. b need help from the “readers”.

6. Which title is popular with both young and notso-young people? a Unemployed. b Racism.

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STEP

5

The conditionals The zero conditional IF-CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

if + subject + simple present

subject + simple present

If you heat water to 100°,

it boils.

I can’t drive if I haven’t got my glasses.

• Lo zero conditional si usa per parlare di verità generali.

Non posso guidare se non ho gli occhiali.

If you find a wallet in the street you must take it to the police.

If he asks me, I always help him.

Se me lo chiede, lo aiuto sempre.

Se tovi un portafoglio per strada devi portarlo alla polizia.

• Oltre che con il simple present, il verbo della frase principale (main clause) può essere costruito con i modali can, should, ought to, may, might, must.

1. Write sentences using the zero conditional.

4. Ice / melt / you / heat / it / 5. People / get fat / they / eat / too much junk food 6. I / not leave / the house / at 7.30 / I / miss the train

1. You / not water / flowers / die 2. She / get a stomach-ache / eat peppers 3. You / mix / water and electricity / get / a shock

The first conditional IF-CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

if + subject + simple present

subject + will (’ll) + base form

If Jack wins the competition,

he will get a computer.

If the bus is on time, we shouldn’t be late for the concert.

• Il periodo ipotetico del primo tipo (first conditional) si usa per descrivere una condizione possibile, una realtà che si può verificare in futuro date alcune condizioni necessarie.

Se l’autobus è in orario, non dovremmo fare tardi al concerto.

If Janet comes, she might want to drive.

If the weather is good, we’ll have lunch in the garden.

Se Janet viene, potrebbe voler guidare.

Se il tempo è bello pranzeremo in giardino.

If you’re thirsty, have a glass of water!

• Oltre che con will + base form, il verbo della frase principale può essere costruito con i modali can, should, ought to, may, might, must oppure con l’imperativo.

Se hai sete, prendi un bicchiere d’acqua!

2. Use the words in brackets to make sentences using the first conditional.

1. If you 2. Boris 3. If they marks, they a bit harder.

(go) on that diet, you (lose) a lot of weight. (miss) the train if (he not / hurry up). (want) to get better (have to) study

4. If Joshua parents 5. I practice.

6. If the weather we

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(get) home late, his (be) angry. (be) surprised if Sally (come) to basketball (not improve), (eat) indoors.

grammar 3. Underline the correct answer.

5. My brother always gets / will always get angry if Juve loses / will lose.

6. I might cycle / cycle to school tomorrow if it won’t rain / doesn’t rain.

7. If you will eat / eat all those chocolates, you will feel / feel sick!

8. If I will work / work at the computer too much my eyes water / will water.

1. You will be / am hungry mid-morning if you don’t have / won’t have breakfast.

2. If I’m / will be too tired to cook this evening I order / might order a meal online.

3. She always visits / will always visit her gran if she goes / will go to Puglia.

4. If I don’t feel / won’t feel well tomorrow, I won’t go / don’t go school.

The second conditional IF-CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

if + subject + simple past/past continuous

subject + would (’d) + base form

If I spoke better English, If it weren’t/wasn’t snowing so heavily,

I would find a summer job more easily.

I’d go skiing.

• Il periodo ipotetico di secondo tipo (second conditional) si usa per descrivere una condizione improbabile o ipotetica.

• Oltre che con would + base form, il verbo della frase principale può essere costruito con i modali could, should e might.

If she had more friends she would be happier.

If you listened to what I say, you might understand how to do the exercises.

Se avesse più amici sarebbe più felice.

Se ascoltaste quello che dico, potreste capire come fare gli esercizi.

What would you do if you saw somebody stealing something?

If John came he could help us.

Che cosa faresti se vedessi qualcuno rubare qualcosa?

Se venisse John ci potrebbe aiutare.

4. Complete the sentences using the second conditional of the verbs from the box.

5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: first or second conditional.

not be (x2) • help • find • play • do • understand • not miss • have (x2) • take • not spend • visit • not hurt • like • not rain • be (x2)

1. You’re so impatient! If you

(not (not have) so

be) so stubborn we many arguments!

1. The Earth

in danger if people

2. He

3. I hate living in the countryside. If I

an hour over breakfast!

(live) in the town centre,

allergic to animal hair he everything

a pet.

4. I

the dog for a walk if it

4. If we

.

Scotland if the climate

5. If I

better.

6. If my knee

I

(not protect) the panda, it (be) you, I

(not leave) my wallet on the table. Somebody

tennis.

might steal it.

a job more easily if she

6. If

a degree.

8. If I

(be) easier (become) extinct.

5. More tourists

7. She

(miss) the train!

hurry up), we

bus every morning if he

3. If Alex

(not

2. Hurry up, will you? If you

more eco-friendly.

(not be) cold tomorrow, we (go) to the outdoor swimming

how to use the conditionals, I you do this exercise.

pool.

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STEP

5

The third conditional IF-CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

if + subject + past perfect simple/past perfect continuous

subject + would (’d) have + past participle

If I hadn’t spent all my money on clothes, If he hadn’t been driving so fast,

I would have gone on away for a weekend. he wouldn’t have had an accident.

• Il periodo ipotetico del terzo tipo (third conditional) si usa per descrivere una condizione impossibile, perché riferita al passato e quindi non più realizzabile.

• Oltre che con would have + past participle, il verbo della frase principale può essere costruito con i modali could e might + have + past participle.

If you had told me you wanted to go bungee jumping, I would have come with you.

If you had told me before I could have helped you.

Se mi avessi detto che volevi fare bungee jumping, sarei venuto con te.

I might have gone to see the exhibition if he’d told me in time.

Se me l’avessi detto prima, avrei potuto aiutarti.

Mum would have lent you her motorbike if you’d asked her.

Sarei potuto andare a vedere la mostra se me l’avesse detto in tempo.

La mamma ti avrebbe prestato la sua moto se glielo avessi chiesto.

6. Complete the sentences with the third conditional of the verbs in brackets.

7. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: first, second or third conditional.

1. Nigel couldn’t find our house and he got lost.

If he (use) on Google maps, he (not / get) lost.

2. Sorry I’m late! My boss rang me and kept me on the phone for ages! If she (not / ring), I (be) here at 9 o’clock.

3. Look! Animals are allowed in this hotel! If you (tell) me, I (bring) our pet snake!

4. I (forget) Amanda’s birthday if you (not / remind) me!

5. If I (know) she was such a gossip, I (not / tell) her your secret.

1. If you

(decide) not to come, (let) me know.

2. I always

(get) a headache if I (skip) breakfast.

3. Sorry I couldn’t go out with you last night. If I (not / have to) look after my brother, I

(love) to come.

4. You’re impossible! If you so stubborn we

(not / be) (not / have) so many

arguments!

Unless, in case, as long as/so long as, provided/providing (that) • Unless (“a meno che”) si usa con il presente. La frase introdotta da unless ha il verbo alla forma affermativa e corrisponde alla frase ipotetica introdotta da if con il verbo alla forma negativa.

Don’t give her my number unless it’s an emergency.

If it isn’t an emergency don’t give her my number.

Take your umbrella in case it rains.

I took my umbrella in case it rained.

• Le frasi introdotte da provided/providing (that), as long as/so long as (“purché”) si usano con un tempo presente per parlare di un’azione futura.

As long as/So long as the weather stays fine, we’ll go away for the weekend.

• In case (“nel caso”) si usa con il presente o il passato. Nella frase introdotta da in case si parla di un’azione che potrebbe succedere.

I will go providing (that) my expenses are paid!

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grammar 8. Choose the correct option.

4. You can borrow my scooter providing / unless / in case you bring it back by 6 pm.

5. Don’t call me unless / in case / provided it’s important, ok?

6. Children can’t watch this film unless / in case / provided they are accompanied by an adult.

1. Mum and dad said we can have a party unless / as long as / in case we don’t make a mess.

2. I left the door open unless / as long as / in case the cat wanted to go out.

3. Today’s Sunday. The dentist won’t see you provided / in case / unless it’s an emergency.

step it up 11

9. Read the text and choose the correct option. Then listen and check.

A special cloak!

If you watched the Harry Potter movies you’ll know that the young wizard, Harry, inherited a cloak that could make anyone who wore it invisible so it (1) a dream for both scientists and Harry Potter fans!

At the moment a “Harry Potter” invisibility cloak does not exist yet but scientists are working on creating a cloak that can make a person invisible.

What would you do if you (2) invisible? I know what I’d like to do – first I’d hide from people I don’t want to see, like my teachers… or my mum and dad! Just think, if you (3) invisible, you wouldn’t be seen by anybody! If someone (4) you, you could just put your cloak on and disappear!

Then of course you could sleep at school and nobody (5) you!

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

a would be a was a were a is chasing a would see a provided a would you a have a had a will be

b will be b were b are b was chasing b would have seen b in case b will you b had b want b would have been

I suppose you would say you’d rob a bank, but that’s not a very cool thing to do nowadays. Superheroes it was to give wouldn’t do it, (6) to the poor! And I don’t think you’d do that, (7) ?!

I adore travelling and seeing new places so if I (8) this superpower, I’d love to go on a world cruise and visit exotic destinations – all free of course!

I also hate dressing up – if I (9) to go to a party or wedding, I panic, so if I were invisible I’d just wear a pair of jeans and a T-shirt all the time Anyway, enough dreaming… I think I’ll go and do my homework. But if an invisible cloak is created I think I (10) the first in the queue!!

c was c would be c was c chased c saw c unless c do you c would have c have c am

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B1 PRELIMINARY (PET) The Cambridge English: B1 Preliminary (PET) See www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams-and-tests/preliminary PAPER

COMPONENT

NO. OF PARTS

TOTAL TIME

Paper 1

Reading

6 parts / 32 questions

45 minutes

Paper 2

Writing

2 parts / 2 questions

45 minutes

Paper 3

Listening

4 parts / 25 questions

Approximately 35 minutes

Paper 4

Speaking

4 parts

12-17 minutes

PAPER 1 Reading Part 1 (Multiple choice) Part 2 (Matching) Part 3 (Multiple choice)

Part 4 (Gapped text) Part 5 (Multiple choice cloze) Part 6 (Open cloze)

Read five real-word notices, messages and other short texts for the main message. Each text has a three-option multiple-choice question. One mark for each correct answer.

Match five descriptions of people to eight short texts on a particular topic, showing detailed comprehension. One mark for each correct answer.

Read a longer text for detailed comprehension, gist, inference and global meaning, as well as writer’s attitude and opinion. The text has five three-option multiple-choice questions. One mark for each correct question.

Read a longer text from which five sentences have been removed. Show understanding of how a coherent and well-structured text is formed. One mark for each correct question.

Read a shorter text and choose the correct vocabulary items to complete six gaps. One mark for each correct question.

Read a shorter text and complete six gaps using one word for each gap. One mark for each correct question.

PAPER 2 Writing Part 1 (Writing an email) Part 2 (Choice between an article or a story)

Write about 100 words, answering the email and notes provided. The question has a maximum of 20 marks available.

Choose one question from a choice of two. Write about 100 words. The question has a maximum of 20 marks available.

PAPER 3 Listening Part 1 (Multiple choice) Part 2 (Multiple choice)

Identify key information in seven short monologues or dialogues and choose the correct visual. One mark for each correct answer.

Listen to six short dialogues and understand the gist of each. One mark for each correct answer.

Part 3 (Gap fill)

Listen to a monologue and complete six gaps. One mark for each correct question.

Part 4 (Multiple choice)

Listen to an interview for a detailed understanding of meaning and identify attitudes and opinions. One mark for each correct question.

PAPER 4 Speaking Part 1 (Interview)

Respond to questions, giving factual or personal information. (2 minutes)

Part 2 (Extended turn)

Describe one colour photograph, talking for about 1 minute.

Part 3 (Discussion)

Respond to suggestions, discuss alternatives and negotiate agreement. (4 minutes)

Part 4 (General conversation)

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PAPER

1

Reading PART 1

Questions 1-5 • Look at the text in each question. What does it say?

• Mark the letter next to the correct explanation – A, B or C. 1

WARDROBE FOR

SALE –

A

BRAND NEW! ONLY £350!

ৌ If you want to buy a new wardrobe ring this number.

ৌ Ring Tim if you want to sell a wardrobe.

C ৌ Tim wants to sell an old piece of furniture.

B

PHONE TIM ON 328 573698

2

ৌ Parcels cannot be taken to the desk.

B ৌ If you want to bring a parcel into the building,

ALL PARCELS MUST BE LEFT AT RECEPTION

A

leave it at reception.

C

ৌ To collect parcels go to reception.

3

ৌ Sharon suggests going for something to drink.

B ৌ Pauline hurt herself while playing tennis.

C ৌ Sharon apologises for hurting Pauline’s elbow.

To: Pauline From: Sharon

A

Sorry to hear you hurt your elbow and you can’t play tennis. How about meeting at the Dream Café on Friday or Saturday for a coffee?

4

DO NOT FEED THE ANIMALS

ৌ Do not touch the animals’ food.

B ৌ You must not give any food to the animals.

C ৌ Do not disturb the animals while they are eating.

A

5

ৌ Karen wants to borrow Jenny’s memory stick.

B ৌ Jenny can’t find her memory stick.

C ৌ Karen doesn’t remember where her A

Hi, Jenny! I can’t find my memory stick anywhere – I had it in your kitchen while we were studying so it might be there.

Could you have a look please? Karen

memory stick is.

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PAPER

2

Writing PART 1

• You must answer this question.

• Write your answer in about 100 words.

Question 1 Read this mail from your English friend Holly and the notes you have made.

To: From: Holly Hi there!

I’ve got some great news! I’m going with my family to Sardinia this summer for two weeks and they said I can invite a friend. Would you like to come?

Yes, I’d love to!

How would you prefer to travel? By plane or by boat?

Say which and why

We’re staying in a village near the beach and I think the weather will be fantastic. What would you like to do during the day?

Tell Holly

In the evenings we’ll probably stay at home – I’ll take a few games to play.

What else do you think we could take with us?

Speak soon Love Holly

Suggest what you could take

• Write your email to Holly using all the notes.

Writing PART 2 • Choose one of these questions.

• Write your answer in about 100 words.

Question 2 You see this notice in an international English language magazine SPORT AND EXERCISE Do you like sport?

Which is the best way to keep fit?

Are there any sports you’d like to try?

Write an article answering these questions and we will publish the best answer Question 3 • Your English teacher has asked you to write a story.

• Your story must begin with this sentence: I opened the door and I couldn’t believe my eyes...

• Write your story.

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PAPER

3

Listening PART 1

Questions 1-7 • There are seven questions in this part.

• For each question there are three pictures and a short recording.

• For each question look at the pictures and listen to the recording.

• Choose the correct picture and put a tick ( ) in the box below it.

• You will hear each recording twice.

18

1 Where are they going on holiday?

A

B

C

B

C

2 Which is Emma’s new house?

A

3 What is the girl going to buy at the shops?

A

B

C

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PAPER

4

Speaking PART 1

• Here are some of the questions you may be asked in Part 1 (2-3 minutes).

• In Part 1 the examiner asks the candidates some informal questions. Try not to answer the questions with just ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Try to give more information.

1 Write answers for the following questions.

1 What’s your name?

6 Write about your English teacher.

2 What’s your surname? How do you spell it?

7 Do you like English? Why? Why not?

3 Where do you live?

8 What’s your favourite school subject?

4 Do you like your hometown? Why? Why not?

9 What do you enjoy doing in your free time?

5 Do you study English at school?

10 What are your hobbies and interests?

Speaking PART 2 • In Part 2 the examiner gives you a photograph. You talk about the photograph for about one minute by yourself. Then your partner talks about another photograph on the same topic. Be ready to say: - what you can see in the different parts of the photo; - what is happening and what the people are doing; - what the people look like and what they are wearing; - how the people are feeling and why.

22

1 Look at the photograph below. Listen to Simone talking about his photograph and fill in the gaps with the words you hear. bike • smiling • roof • short-sleeved • hiking • chalet • couples • rucksacks • warm • peaceful

Right, here we’ve got a photo of a group of friends… two (1) __________ in the mountains. They’re probably on holiday, maybe a sort of adventure holiday. The two on the left have decided to go for a (2) __________ ride – they’ve both got mountain bikes… the one on the left is doing a wheelie so I think he’s a good rider… while the other two on the right are going (3) __________ – they’re wearing hiking boots and have got (4) __________.

The place looks very quiet and (5) __________ – maybe these people work in the city and have decided to get away from it all for a few days… yes, get away from the hustle and bustle of the big city…

It looks like they’re all enjoying themselves because they’re (6) __________. Behind them there is a mountain (7) __________ where they could be staying. Then, on the right behind the girl on the bike, I can see a sort of outhouse, but I can only see the (8) __________ so I can’t say…

It looks like it’s a beautiful day – (9) __________ and sunny, and they’re wearing light clothes like shorts and (10) __________ T-shirts and shirts so it’s probably summertime…

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PAPER 23

4

Speaking PART 2

2 Now listen to Alessia talking about her photograph. Fill in the gaps with the words you hear. beach • towel • background • edge • tanned • early • carrying • palm • hot • calm

This is a photo of two couples on holiday – they’re probably in their (1) __________ or mid-twenties – and they’re walking off the (2) __________ at the end of the day. The two boys are (3) __________ surfboards so they’ve probably been surfing. The waves don’t look very big though – the sea is quite (4) __________! One of the girls is carrying a (5) __________ over her shoulder while the other is carrying a bag. They might have been sunbathing… they don’t look very (6) __________ though! The two girls are wearing bikinis and the boys are wearing bermuda shorts so I think it’s still quite (7) __________.

There aren’t very many people in the picture – in the (8) __________ I can see a few people playing on the beach – they could be playing football, …and what looks like a little boy at the water’s (9) __________.

Here on the right there are a few trees – (10) __________ trees… and a sort of path, but not much else really…

Speaking PART 3 • In Part 3 the examiner describes a situation and you and your partner talk about it for 2-3 minutes.

• The examiner gives you some pictures to help you. Be ready to: - give your opinion and reasons; - ask your partner’s opinion.

24

1 Listen to the examiner. What does the examiner tell the candidates to talk about? _______________________________________________________________________________________

2 Look at the pictures below. Can you name the places?

1 ______________

2 ______________

4 ______________

3 ______________

5 ______________

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GLOSSARY a abseiling (n) discesa in corda doppia accomplish (v) realizzare, compiere achieve (v) ottenere acquaint with (v) presentare, far conoscere, familiarizzare con aimlessly (adv) senza meta appalled (adj) inorridito, sconvolto astro-turf (n) erba sintetica avenge (v) vendicare aware (of) (adj) consapevole, conscio

b barn (n) fienile be spoilt for choice (v) avere l’imbarazzo della scelta beggar (n) mendicante bet (v) scommettere blame (v) incolpare, dare la colpa a blink (v) sbattere le palpebre bloke (n) tizio, tipo bracken (n) felce brave (v) sfidare, affrontare burst (v) detonare, esplodere bushcraft (n) insieme di conoscenze e tecniche atte a vivere in un ambiente naturale

c capitalise on (v) sfruttare al meglio chill out (v) rilassarsi clay-earth (n) terra argillosa come across (v) imbattersi in corpse (n) cadavere

d dare (v) osare dashing (adj) precipitosa decay (n) decomposizione deed (n) azione, atto despite (prep) nonostante, malgrado

detain (v) trattenere dismay (n) sgomento, sconcerto downfall (n) caduta, crollo, rovina dreadful (adj) terribile, tremendo drop out of (v) abbandonare, lasciare due (to do sth) (v) avere in programma dull (adj) noioso

hovel (n) tugurio howl (n) urlo

e

l

earn (v) guadagnare enraged (adj) inferocito enterprise (n) impresa entice (v) attirare everlasting (adj) eterno

f fancy doing (v) piacere fiendish (adj) demoniaco, diabolico flawless (adj) perfetto, impeccabile flee (v) fuggire fork of lighting (n) lampo

g gather (v) raccogliere, radunare gathered (adj) riunito, radunato get to grips (with) (v) fare i conti (con) glistening (adj) luccicante, scintillante gloomy (adj) tetro, cupo grasp (n) presa, stretta graveyard (n) cimitero grin (v) sorridere, fare un largo sorriso grooming (n) cura di sé, cura del proprio aspetto growl (v) ringhiare

h hanged (adj) impiccato hermit (n) eremita hideous (adj) orribile hiding-place (n) nascondiglio hollow (adj) vuoto, cavo Europass © Casa Editrice G. Principato

79

j jaw (n) mascella, mandibola

k kidnap (v) rapire kneel (v) inginocchiarsi knighted (adj) nominato cavaliere

limb (n) arto locket (n) ciondolo portafoto long (to do sth) (v) desiderare

m mainstream (the) (n) opinione corrente manhood (n) età virile, adultità maschile mark (n) segno, impronta moisturiser (n) crema idratante mortar (n) malta mutter (v) mormorare

n neat (adj) pulito, lindo nurse (v) curare, assistere

o oak (n) quercia outcast (n) emarginato, reietto owe (v) dovere

p pageant (n) concorso di bellezza patchy (adj) a chiazze, irregolare pattern (n) motivo, disegno pearly (adj) perlaceo peep (v) sbirciare pioneer (v) dare inizio, fare da pioniere pond (n) stagno portrait (n) ritratto pursue (v) seguire, perseguire puzzled (adj) perplesso, disorientato

Janet Harmer

Step on it 2

The story

FRANKESTEIN, OR THE MODERN PROMETHEUS Mary Shelley

Didattica inclusiva

Realtà aumentata

FRANKENSTEIN,

OR THE MODERN PROMETHEUS M E E TE TH OR AUTH Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, born on August 30th, 1797, was an English novelist, essayist, short story writer, dramatist, travel writer and biographer.

She is best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein. Despite the critics being sceptical about the novel, it gained positive reviews after the mid 20th century with various theatrical adaptations.

Major critics have appreciated the aesthetic and moral value of her work, which has also been a subject of study for female criticism and psychoanalytic behaviour. She also edited and promoted the works of her poet and philosopher husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley.

The last decade of her life was dogged by illness, caused by the brain tumour that killed her at the age of 53 on February 1st, 1851.

by Mary Shelley

The characters Victor Frankenstein The protagonist and narrator of most of the story. Studying in Ingolstadt, Victor discovers the secret of life and creates an intelligent, but grotesque monster.

Victor keeps his creation of the monster a secret, feeling increasingly guilty and ashamed as he spends his entire life trying to destroy the monster.

The Monster The eight-foot-tall, hideously ugly creation of Victor Frankenstein.

Intelligent and sensitive, the monster attempts to integrate into human society, but he is rejected by everybody. His feeling of abandonment compels him to seek revenge against his creator.

Robert Walton Captain Robert Walton, an Arctic explorer, finds Victor Frankenstein near death, helps nurse him back to health, and listens to his story.

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Alphonse Frankenstein

Five freaky Frankenstein facts

Victor’s father, very sympathetic towards his son. He consoles Victor in moments of pain and encourages him to remember the importance of his family.

FRANKENSTEIN WAS WRITTEN

BY A TEENAGER! At just 16 years of age, Mary Shelley ran away with the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and in the next two years she had two children. In 1816, the couple travelled to Switzerland and visited Lord Byron.

While there, 18-year-old Mary started Frankenstein. It was published in 1818 when she was 20 years old.

Elizabeth An orphan, four to five years younger than Victor, whom the Frankensteins take into the family. She becomes Victor’s wife and is killed by the monster on their honeymoon.

THE NOVEL CAME OUT OF A GHOST STORY COMPETITION! The Shelleys visited Switzerland during the “year without a summer” in which the eruption of Mount Tambora had caused severe climate abnormalities and heavy rain. Lord Byron proposed that they have a competition to see who could write the best ghost story: Mary, Percy, Lord Byron or the physician, John Polidori. Of course, Mary won.

Henry Clerval Victor’s best friend, who helps Victor back to health in Ingolstadt.

When Frankenstein breaks his promise of creating a female companion, the monster kills Henry.

FRANKENSTEIN WAS THE NAME OF THE SCIENTIST, NOT THE MONSTER! In the novel, Victor Frankenstein is the scientist. The monster remains unnamed and is simply referred to as the “monster”, “creature” or “demon”.

William Frankenstein Victor’s youngest brother who is strangled by the monster in the woods outside Geneva. William’s death deeply saddens Victor and burdens him with tremendous guilt about having created the monster.

MANY THOUGHT THAT PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY WROTE THE BOOK! Frankenstein was first published anonymously with Percy writing the preface.

This led many to believe that Percy Shelley was the author. Some people still argue that he authored the book even after Frankenstein was reprinted in Mary’s name.

The cottagers A family of peasants, including a blind old man, De Lacey, his son and daughter, Felix and Agatha, and a foreign woman named Safie. The monster learns how to speak and interact by observing them. When he reveals himself to them, hoping for friendship, they beat him and chase him away.

THE BOOK WAS ORIGINALLY SLAMMED BY CRITICS! When the book came out in 1818, many critics bashed it; it was considered “horrible” and “disgusting” but gothic novels were all the rage and Frankenstein soon gained readers. In 1823, a play, “Presumption; or The Fate of Frankenstein” cemented the book’s popularity. Later in 1831, a new version of the book was published, under Mary’s name.

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FRANKENSTEIN

EPISODE

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My name is Doctor Victor

“C

aptain! There is something moving on the ice! Over there!”

Captain Walton looked to where the sailor was pointing and saw some dogs pulling a sledge1. He also saw the driver.

He was enormous, much bigger than an average man. Suddenly, the sledge disappeared behind a mountain of ice.

That night a terrible storm broke out and the following morning great sheets2 of ice were floating around the ship.

Sitting on one of the pieces of ice was a man in a broken sledge with a dog; he was frozen to the bone and so weak he could not stand up. The sailors helped him aboard and took him to the captain. Two days passed before the man was strong enough to speak and tell his story. When asked why he had come to these distant places, braving3 such terrible conditions, he replied, “I’m trying to catch somebody.”

When the sailors told him about the enormous figure they had seen, the stranger asked many questions concerning the route the “demon”, as he called him, had pursued4.

During the days that the man was on the ship, he wrote down his story and each evening he read what he had written to the captain.

She was not my real sister, but the daughter of a nobleman from Milan. Her mother had died giving birth, and after her father’s death she went to live with a poor family who could not afford to look after her. My parents decided to welcome her into our house. Elizabeth was goodtempered, lively and everyone adored her.

I looked upon her as mine – mine to love and protect.

Later I had two brothers, Ernest and William, and a young woman called Justine came to live with us to help my mother with the children. My brothers were a lot younger than me, and I had few close friends. One was Henry Clerval, an only child, very clever, who spent lots of time with us.

I studied hard at school, I was a curious child and wanted to know the secrets of heaven and earth or better, the physical secrets of the world. At the age of thirteen I was already acquainted with5

Here is his story.

My name is Doctor Victor Frankenstein and I was born in Naples and brought up in Geneva, Switzerland, in a distinguished family. After I was born, my mother hoped to have a daughter, but for five years I was an only child. Then my mother gave me a sister.

sledge slitta sheets lastre braving sfidando pursued seguito, perseguito 5 I was already acquainted with conoscevo già 1 2 3 4

6 fork of lightning lampo 7 oak tree quercia 8 burst into flames prese fuoco 9 scarlet fever scarlattina

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Frankenstein

Comprehension 1 1. Read and listen to the story.

Reorder the following events. The first one has been done for you.

the works of scientists from the past, and when I was fifteen I discovered the most obvious laws of electricity.

One day, while walking in the mountains around Geneva, there was a terrible, violent storm. I had never seen such frightening thunder and lightning.

All of a sudden, a fork of lightning6 hit an oak tree7 near our house. It burst into flames8 and after a few seconds there was nothing left of the tree. That is when I started to read books about electricity and its terrible power. My mind was now attracted by the mysteries of creativeness and destruction.

At the age of seventeen, my father decided that I should go to the university of Ingolstadt. Before I left, my mother became very ill with scarlet fever 9 while attending Elizabeth who had been seriously ill. Before dying she took Elizabeth and myself aside and said, “Elizabeth, you must take my place now and keep our family together. I want you, Victor, as soon as you finish your studies, to promise to come back and marry Elizabeth.”

a. Frankenstein’s parents took a young girl named Elizabeth into their home. b. Victor started to show an interest in the power of electricity after a storm broke out.

1 c. One day, an enormous man was seen driving a sledge on the ice. d. Some sailors helped the man on board. e. His name was Dr Frankenstein and he had been brought up in Geneva. f. Frankenstein went to study at university. g. The following morning after a terrible storm a man was found floating on ice near the ship. h. After two days he began to tell his story.

2. REPORT BACK. Use the following words to complete the summary. peaceful • death • expedition • wealthy • orphaned • floating • fever • weakness Captain Walton and his crew were on an (1) when, one morning after a violent storm, they found an extremely weary man (2) on a sheet of ice. They took him on board and once the traveller had recovered from his (3) , he began to tell the captain his story.

His name was Victor Frankenstein. He told the captain that he had been born into a (4) Swiss family and had enjoyed a (5) , idyllic childhood.

He had a sister, Elizabeth, who was taken into the Frankenstein family after being (6) . She became Victor’s most cherished companion. He also had a very close friend, Henry Clerval.

Later, two more boys, Ernest and William, were born into the family.

Victor was particularly interested in the sciences and after the (7) of his mother, who had died of scarlet (8) , he left for Ingolstadt to attend university.

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FRANKESTEIN, OR THE MODERN PROMETHEUS Meet the author The characters Five freaky Frankenstein facts

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EPISODE

1

My name is Doctor Victor Frankenstein

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EPISODE

2

The creature is born

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EPISODE

3

The monster’s revenge

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EPISODE

4

The monster tells his story

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EPISODE

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The monster’s education

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EPISODE

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The monster kills William

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EPISODE

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Frankenstein breaks his promise

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EPISODE

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The monster strikes again

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EPISODE

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The death of Frankenstein and the monster

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How well do you remember the story?

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