Change up intermediate 1 2014

Kid for 速

Your English Monthly

1-2013/2014

Change Up! MAGAZINE

速

INTERMEDIATE

1

Report The End of Slavery?

UK Today New Words

Teen People

Andy Murray Find TEEN online (see page 2 for details)

Culture and Society Christmas Traditions www.elimagazines.com

Contents

Welcome Welcome back to Teen! It’s Christmas, so why not spend some of your holiday reading Teen? In this issue we’ll be going underground to some top-secret locations*, above the surface we’ll be finding out about tennis champion Andy Murray and some very old Christmas traditions, and we’re going on a trip to the Southern Hemisphere. We wish you a Merry Christmas and a very Happy New Year

Liz

3 4 6 8 10 12 14

Teen People Andy Murray Under The Surface Britain Underground Report The End of Slavery?

UK Today New Words Innovations Agriculture – New Zealand Style Culture and Society Christmas Traditions Playstation In this issue look out for:

• verb constructions with ‘ing’ • infinitive constructions with ‘to’ • the passive • superlatives and comparatives • sub clauses with ‘which’ and ‘where’ • language of geography • language of the internet • language of law and ethics

Audio A subscription to the magazine allows you to download for free, in MP3 format, the audio of all the magazines in the resources section of our website www. elimagazines.com. You can do this by inserting the access code found in each issue of the magazine.

4’33’’ is the work of a famous American composer, and can be performed by any instrument. In this experimental work, the score* tells the players not to play a single note. This piece is a study of silence, which is a necessary part of sound! Do you know who the composer is?

walls are covered in soft felt* which absorbs sound, and feels warm and welcoming. Light colours and simple, classical lines give the room an almost spiritual quality. Selfridges has been a famous name in British shopping since 1909, and in 2012, was named Best Department Store in the World.

Glossary

Can you guess? a. b. c.

Keith Jarrett Eminem John Cage

murray

Access Code: 0004 7000 0010

The Silence Room busy Oxford Street, you will find The Silence Room – a place to relax and absorb* the quiet peace around you.

To get to the room, you walk down a long, dark corridor, where you are asked to remove your shoes and switch off your mobile phone. The floors and

andy

Teacher’s guide For teachers, the subscription to the magazine allows you to download for free the audio material in MP3 format, as well as the teacher’s guide for all* the magazines available in PDF format. The teacher must first register in the teachers’ resources section on our website www. elimagazines.com

Around the World

The modern Christmas is all about shopping and the madness of the January sales! If all of that is putting your head in a spin*, then a trip to Selfridges, one of London’s top department stores, might be exactly what you need. Here, just off London’s

Teen People

absorb: (here) take inside you felt: thick, soft material made from wool locations: places score: written music, with instructions for all performers spin: turning round very fast

The answer is on page 15.

NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS OR FOR ANY PURPOSES WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION. THE PUBLISHER IS PREPARED TO MAKE PAYMENT FOR ANY COPYRIGHT OF PHOTOGRAPHS WHERE THE SOURCE HAS BEEN IMPOSSIBLE TO TRACE. ALTHOUGH WE CHECK THE CONTENT AND SUITABILITY OF THE WEB SITES FEATURED OR REFERRED TO IN OUR MAGAZINES AT THE TIME OF GOING TO PRESS, WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CHANGES WHICH MAY HAVE OCCURRED SINCE, AS THESE WEB SITES ARE IN NO WAY ASSOCIATED WITH ELI.

ELI srl, C.P. 6, 62019 Recanati, Tel. (071) 750701, Fax (071) 977851 Direttore responsabile: Lamberto Pigini. Realizzazione testi: Liz Ferretti. Autorizzazione Trib. di Macerata N. 237 del 4 luglio 1984. Realizzazione: Realizzazione: Tecnostampa, Loreto © ELI Italy 2013

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One hundred per cent Scottish and fiercely* proud of it, Andy Murray is one of the world’s top tennis players. He is rather shy and reserved for a tennis champion, but he’s got a real fighting spirit!

Andy His real name is Andrew Murray, but everyone calls him Andy. He was born in Glasgow on 15th May 1987. His mother is a tennis teacher, and she passed on her love of tennis to both her sons. In fact, Andy’s brother, Jamie, is also a professional tennis player. Andy started playing tennis when he was three years old and by the time he was 13, he had already started

winning youth tournaments. Then, Andy started to feel the pressure. He began to find his life too stressful, too intense, and there was never enough time to relax.

So he decided to quit tennis and take up football, following in the steps of his grandfather who was a professional football player in Scotland. Andy did a trial* for Glasgow Rangers, but then he realised that he loved tennis, so he gave up the football and went back to tennis.

Top Player When he was fourteen, Andy moved to Barcelona where he went to a prestigious tennis academy and began to train on clay*. Andy made his adult debut at a tournament in Manchester. In 2005, he overtook* 500 other players in one season to make it onto the list of top 100 players. He and Djokovic were the youngest players on the list at the time.

From then on, Andy Murray reached the finals of a number of tournaments, and began to win trophies and prizes at international level. Only one year later, he was ranked* as one of the top 20 players in the world. At the London 2012 Olympics, he won Gold, beating Roger Federer in only three sets in a match that lasted less than two hours. It was the first time in 110 years that a British player has won Olympic Tennis Gold!

verb constructions with ‘ing’; infinitive constructions with ‘to’

3

Tennis Talent Since 2012, Andy has been trained by legendary tennis player Ivan Lendl, who was born in Czechoslovakia. Lendl has helped Murray grow in confidence and has taught him to be more aggressive on the counterattack*. His tennis strengths are his ability to anticipate his opponent’s next move, his quick reactions and his use of surprise tactics. He also has an excellent backhand, which is his strongest shot. ‘I get very tense before a match,’ Andy admits, ‘I feel there’s a lot of pressure on me and I’m always terrified of losing the first set*, which would affect my concentration. But what helps me keep focused is to remember that I only have to do one thing: I just have to walk out onto court* and do the best I can.’

Training ‘Becoming world number one is not my main aim,’ says Andy, ‘I train every day so that I will do well in each tournament I play in, not to become world number one. Of course, like all tennis players, I would love to be number one… but that is not my sole objective!’ Andy also says the atmosphere on the courts helps him to win. ‘On the central courts, or in the final, the atmosphere is always amazing.

It gives you a real buzz*.’

The Person Behind the Racket Andy says he knows he doesn’t have the same charisma as champions like Federer or Nadal, even though he is the current Olympic champion. ‘I am an emotional and passionate person,’ he says, ‘both on and off the court, but that is a part of my character the public don’t see because I am shy and don’t always show my emotions. When I lost in the final against Federer at Wimbledon, I cried with rage and disappointment, and then, when I beat him in the finals of the Olympics, I cried because I was so proud to represent my country!’

This year, Murray won the Wimbledon tennis tournament.

The last British man to win this famous Grand Slam tournament was Fred Perry 77 years ago.

www.andymurray.com

Common European Framework Intermediate Advanced (B2 – C1)

Glossary buzz: feeling of excitement clay: a type of earth, can be red, yellow or grey counterattack: the attack you make after the other player has attacked court: rectangular area where you play tennis fiercely: strongly, intensely

overtook: (here) go above ranked: (here) given a number in a list of players (to show how good you are) set: tennis games are divided into a minimum of three sets trial: (here) test to see if you play well enough

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Under The Surface

5

sub clauses with ‘which’ and ‘where’; language of the military

Kelvedon Hatch

Burlington Bunker

National Coal Museum in Wales

Britain Underground The Shell Grotto

Do you ever wonder what is beneath your feet? Do you ever ask yourself what secrets lie beneath the surface?

Here are some of the strangest and spookiest* underground places in the UK – some of them are famous, others are top secret!

Churchill War Rooms This popular London tourist attraction was completed in 1939, for the start of the Second World War. These underground rooms are known today as the Churchill War Rooms. On his first visit, Britain’s war-time Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, said, ‘This is where I shall direct the war.’ The large Map Room was in constant use, and from here all movements of soldiers and ships were monitored*. Another is the Cabinet Room, where Churchill and other government ministers would meet with the heads of the army, navy and air force to discuss news and tactics*. Here, Churchill had a direct telephone line

Churchill War Rooms

Kelvedon Hatch There is another nuclear bunker that you can visit. Kelvedon Hatch is a few miles to the north east of London. Here you will find a very ordinary-looking bungalow, but it hides one of the biggest and deepest nuclear bunkers in the UK. Like Burlington, it was kept ready to be used until well after the end of the Cold War. Tourist signs to this military location say ‘Secret Nuclear Bunker’! secretnuclearbunker.com

to the White House, and from here he broadcast some of his most famous wartime speeches. iwm.org.uk/visits/churchill-war-rooms‎

Burlington Bunker* The Burlington Bunker, however, is definitely not open to the public. In fact, no one knew anything about it until 2004, and even now no member of the public has ever been inside! It was one of the UK military’s best-kept secrets.

It was built in the 1950s to be Central Government War Headquarters during the Cold War. In fact, hidden here is a full underground city. Burlington could support 4,000 people, including the

government and the military, for up to three months. There are hospitals, kitchens, storerooms, living areas, an underground lake for fresh water, generators to make electricity, even a pub!

The whole place became a focus for conspiracy theorists* in the 1990s. They thought it was the UK equivalent of Area 51 in the Nevada Desert, and were convinced that the British military were keeping alien technology there, and maybe even real aliens. Unfortunately, there is no evidence of anything like that. Now the MOD* have put the whole place up for sale.

For more info and some photos, go to burlingtonbunker.co.uk

Working Underground Less mysterious, but definitely not for the claustrophobic, is the National Coal* Museum in Wales.

Coal mining was what fuelled the Industrial Revolution. At “Big Pit*” you can travel 90 metres down into the mine with a real miner, and experience what it was

like working underground. The museum is set in a UNESCO World Heritage site, and recently won the Gulbenkian Prize for Museum of the Year. museumwales.ac.uk/en/bigpit

Shell Mystery In the coastal town of Margate in Kent, the Shell Grotto* is one of the strangest underground locations we have found. No one knows the truth about this place, in spite of several scientific studies.

Here, a series of underground tunnels have been covered in millions of shells in intricate patterns. Some people say this is an ancient temple, maybe even 3,000 years old, others say it is an elaborate hoax* and is only 200 years old. Whatever the truth, it is an extraordinary place! shellgrotto.co.uk

Who was it?

Fingal’s Cave is in the far north of Scotland. It inspired a famous German composer to write his Hebrides Overture. What was his name?

a.

Felix Mendelssohn

b. Ludwig van Beethoven

c.

Richard Wagner

The answer is on page 15.

Beneath Winchester Cathedral is a crypt* which is flooded during the winter months. Sculptor Antony Gormley has put a statue here called Sound II. This mysterious man is often standing up to his knees in water. winchester-cathedral.org.uk

Glossary bunker: large strong room/s underground, to protect you from attack coal: black carbon rock, from fossilised trees conspiracy theorists: people who believe in secret (sometimes crazy) government plans crypt: room/s underneath a church or cathedral

grotto: small, often artificial cave hoax: trick, something to make people believe a thing that isn’t true MOD: Ministry of Defence monitored: watch something over a period of time pit: synonym of mine; large hole in the ground (eg where you find coal) spookiest: scariest, most mysterious tactics: plan of action

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Report

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the passive; language of law and ethics

on International Slavery Remembrance Day. The date was chosen because it was on 25th March 206 years ago that the British Government passed a revolutionary new law banning* the international trade* in slaves within the British Empire. This was the first major* step towards the full abolition of slavery, which eventually became illegal right across the world.

Lincoln The Steven Spielberg film, Lincoln, tells the story of the president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. The film is set at the end of the American Civil War, at the time when Lincoln was tackling* the problem of slavery in America.

Daniel Day-Lewis stars as the President.

(The actor has previously appeared in another film set in 1863, during the Civil War, called Gangs of New York). Lincoln has won an impressive number of prizes, including the Oscars for Best Actor and Best Production Design in 2013, the BAFTA and Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor, and many others! The film was also voted the Best Film of the Year by the American Film Institute.

New Slaves Multi-award winning* film, Lincoln, has made us look again at one of the most shocking practices in history: slavery. In this Report we ask – has slavery really been abolished*?

The End of Slavery?

The UN defines slavery as ‘the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership* are exercised’. In 1948, the UN proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which made slavery illegal throughout the Western World.

The Abolition of Slavery People have questioned the morality of slavery for hundreds of years, but the last country to make it illegal was Brazil in 1888. Slavery was abolished in the United States after an historic vote on 31st January 1865 to accept the

Thirteenth Amendment* to the United States Constitution. This Amendment, which made slavery illegal, was supported

by President Lincoln, and helped the northern and southern states of America end years of civil war. Many American states passed the Amendment within the first year, but other states took a lot longer. The last state to formally ratify* the Amendment was Mississippi in February 2013!

Slavery Remembrance Day On 25th March every year, people across the world remember the victims of slavery

Unfortunately, there are places in the world where modern types of slavery still exist. Today’s slavery is often about child labour* or forcing children to become child soldiers.

According to international humanitarian organisation, Terre des Hommes (Land of People), there are 12 million people living in slavery today, most of them are in the Indian subcontinent. According to NGO, Slavery Footprint, however, there are 27 million slaves at work in the world today, most of them women and young children.

Many of these people work in supply chains* that end up in the products we all use. Go to the Slavery Footprint website to find out how slavery might be a part of what you buy.

A Helping Hand There are many organisations who work to end slavery by telling the world about exploitation, and abuses of human rights.

You can even fight slavery from your phone with an anti-slavery app which can be downloaded for free. It’s called Made in a Free World. You can use this app while you’re shopping, to tell stores that you want to them to take all slavery out of their supply chains, as well as tell your community about the problem.

Amnesty International works to protect human rights around the world.

It was founded 50 years ago, has over two million supporters from all over the world, and is now one of the world’s bestknown NGOs. In 1977, the organisation was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for its work on human rights. Its symbol is a lighted candle surrounded by barbed wire*.

The most famous book written against slavery is Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Published in 1852, it sold over 300,000 copies in the United States in its first year!

When Harriet Beecher Stowe visited President Lincoln at the White House, he is reported to have said, “So, you’re the little woman, who wrote the book that made this great war!’.

Puzzle Put the pieces of the puzzle together to find a famous quote on slavery by Kahlil Gibran.

ING OF DREAM OM. FREEDLL E IT THEM:

IF YOUAVE SL SEE A PING E E SL HIM WAKE ALK T AND BOUT A TO HIMERTY. LIB E: TELL M THEY U SEE A IF YO LEEPING, S SLAVE OT WAKE N O D CAUSE HIM BEGHT BE HE MI The answer is on page 15.

Glossary abolished: (legal) stop something, eg slavery, child marriage etc amendment: change made in legal document banning: making illegal / against the law barbed wire: long, thin metal with sharp metal pieces on it, used in fences, prisons child labour: children working in a job (eg for a full week) major: big and important

multi-award winning: film that has won several prizes ownership: having a thing/ person as yours ratify: formally sign a document supply chains: everything and everyone involved in a product (eg from factory to shop) tackling: trying to find a solution to trade: buying and selling (here, people)

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UK Today

New Words

The twenty-first century has made English a truly international language.

It is used in every country in the world, in business, science, technology and culture. This is a good thing of course – the only problem is that as a result, new words and concepts come into the English language so quickly that it can be difficult to keep up! So, to help, here are some of the big new words of the last year. (We’ll be looking at some more in the next issues of Teen.)

phubbing For some people, phubbing is a sign that our civilisation is at an end! This new word describes the very annoying habit people have of updating their status, checking their notifications or reading the latest hilarious* tweets, while they are supposed to be doing something with you. It comes from the words ‘phone’ and ‘snubbing’. To snub someone means to ignore them or say something negative to them in a social context – the aim of snubbing is to make the other person feel small.

Phubbing is rude. It makes the people you are with feel as though you would rather be somewhere else more interesting, with funnier, cleverer people. Lots of celebrities have been caught phubbing, and you will find plenty of photos of them doing it in the popular press*. One day, though, serial* phubbers might find themselves without any friends!

The campaign to stop phubbing has gone viral*, with the focus of this campaign, a website set up this year by a young Australian, Alex Haig. At stopphubbing.com you can name and shame* phubbers by uploading photos of them, and restaurants and cafes can download posters from the site to try

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language of the internet

and stop this bad habit.

The serious side of this issue*, is the concern that a growing number of people would rather text their friends, update their status on Facebook, or post something on Tumblr than speak to someone face to face.

A hangover is the word to describe the physical symptoms a person feels when they have drunk too much alcohol. In the same way, a digital hangover is when you do something online that you seriously regret the next day! It is now very easy to post photos or instantly tweet about something. It might seem like a good idea at the time, but in the cold light of day, you could realise it was in fact a very bad idea. Everyone, from celebrities to politicians, you and me, has said at least one thing in their lives that we regret. The problem now is that when we post anything online, the whole world could be watching us. It’s probably a good idea to think before we tweet, or upload that photo!

vlog

defriend You know the situation, you think you really like someone, you say “hey, let’s be friends on Facebook etc”.

Next thing you know, you have an argument, you find out you really

digital hangover

don’t like them, you don’t want them in your life, but they are still your online friend. What do you do? Now, you have a new verb to help you: to defriend. Defriending is the useful ability to delete online friendships. It’s a serious business though – you might seriously offend anyone you decide to delete!

This is a video diary or short film about your beliefs and experiences. The word vlog comes from video+blog.

The word blog comes from web+log, where web is the internet and log is a type of journal or diary. The most popular vlogs are funny rants*, poking fun at* life, culture or beliefs. There is often a more serious message beneath the humour, and for some, vlogging is a space to explore issues about growing up, or about feelings they are finding difficult to manage. Vlogging is often about showing the world who you are and what you believe. All you need is a webcam and an internet connection to tell the world what you think.

Answer the following questionnaire. Then discuss your answers with your friends to find out what your attitudes to new technology really are.

1. You are out for the evening with a friend, they are constantly checking their phone. Do you…? a. say nothing, but defriend them as soon as you get back home. b. say you are going to the bathroom, but don’t come back. c. tell them they are being really rude, and to put their phone away. d. secretly take a photo of them phubbing, and post it on the internet.

2. One of your friends has posted something on the internet they now regret, do you…? a. pretend to be sympathetic, but share their post with your friends as soon as you get home. b. help your friend find ways to delete what they posted. c. laugh out loud, and feel happy it wasn’t you that did it! d. tell them to stop worrying so much about about what other people think.

3. What is your attitude to vlogs? a. I have been vlogging for months, and have loads of followers. b. I have no intention of ever creating a vlog. c. I like watching other people’s vlogs, but don’t want to make my own. d. I have loads of ideas, but don’t have the confidence to film my own vlogs.

Here are some popular abbreviations used in texts and tweets.

Put the words in the right order, then match them to the correct abbreviation to find out what they mean. in humble opinion my information much too friends forever best kisses and hugs laugh loud out way the by

1. LOL 2. IMHO 3. BFF 4. BTW 5. XOXO 6. TMI

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ The answers are on page 15.

Glossary gone viral: (internet) became extremely popular on the internet (like a virus in your body; NB not the same as a computer virus) hilarious: extremely funny (here used ironically) issue: problem name and shame: (idiom) make anti-social behaviour public (and therefore embarrass someone) poking fun at: (idiom) laughing at something/someone popular press: mass media (written to be interesting to the majority of people) rant: talk angrily for a long time about something that annoys you serial: someone who does the same thing again and again

10 Innovations

11

superlatives and comparatives; language of geography

Agriculture is big in New Zealand – the country makes $15 billion US dollars per year from agricultural exports alone. The New Zealand agricultural industry is technologically highly advanced, with sophisticated transport links to bring the country’s products straight to European plates.

Let’s go and find out what makes farming so big in this beautiful country.

Agriculture – New Zealand Style The people of New Zealand have a close relationship with their land and are proud of the products that they grow.

New Zealand measures 1,600 kilometres from the northern-most point of North Island to the southern tip of South Island.

This means that the country benefits from two distinct climates*, each with different vegetation. In general, the climate is temperate, although North island is warmer, subtropical in parts, while South Island is cooler, cloudier and wetter. The soil is fertile* here, helping fruit and vegetables grow bigger and full of flavour. The Braeburn apple, which takes its name from a town on South Island, has become well known throughout Europe. The country is also famous for its lamb and, increasingly, for its venison*.

Ahead of the Game The New Zealand economy is centred on agriculture. Part of the reason for its success is its use of modern technology and avant-garde* techniques. There are farms which specialise in llamas,

ostriches*, sheep and goats. Goats can produce milk, meat, and wool called mohair, which is highly prized and is in demand around the world. Much of the livestock farming is pastoral, that means the animals have large pastures* where they can roam freely, with fresh grass to eat most of the year.

New Zealand also has a long and varied coastline. In addition to fishing, oyster* farming is big business in New Zealand.

The country produces millions of oysters every year, and to make it as sustainable as possible, it’s a pretty high-tech operation.

New Zealand New Zealand is an archipelago* made up of two main islands (North Island and South Island) and many smaller islands, several of which are inhabited.

The New Zealand Sub-Antarctic islands, to the south of New Zealand, have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of their rich biodiversity, and the huge numbers of seabirds that live there.

New Zealand sits deep in the Pacific Ocean – the last land before Antarctica. It has mountains and lakes, beautiful beaches and unspoilt landscapes, and its wildlife and plants are varied and abundant.

Whakarewarewa, near the city of Rotorua on North Island, is famous for its geysers* and hot springs. It’s one of the most spectacular sights on the planet, and is the most important source of geothermal energy in the country. The steam from the geysers is used for heating and to created electricity, but also in the production of prawns. The naturally hot water from the springs is mixed with cold water from a nearby river to provide the perfect conditions for the prawns to grow in.

Pedal*-Powered Rollercoaster* The people of New Zealand are generally very eco-conscious; one man has even invented a rollercoaster which is run entirely on pedal power. You climb into a capsule and just start pedalling. There are no engines, no electricity, and no greenhouse gases. With practice, the

capsules can reach up to 70 km per hour.

It’s energy efficient and fun, and will certainly keep you fit!

Before the Europeans arrived in the late eighteenth century, the Maori were the only people living in New Zealand.

They arrived in canoes from Polynesia over a thousand years ago. The Maori are a tribal people and their culture is based on collaboration, clan* loyalty and mutual respect.

They have a famous war dance called the Haka. This is used by their rugby team, the All Blacks, to intimidate their opponents at the start of every match!

The Clearest Lake in the World Blue Lake in the Nelson Lakes National Park, on South Island, is the clearest lake in the world. The water is so clear you can see to a depth of 76 metres! This natural wonder was recently photographed for the first time by Klaus Thymann as part of Project Pressure. The Maoris consider this a sacred place so they had to give their permission for this special project. Project Pressure will be world’s first glacier atlas using crowdsourced* photographs, films and social media to create a record of our vanishing glaciers.

In New Zealand there is a small hill, not much more than 300 metres above sea level, but it has the longest place name in the world. Its Maori name has 85 letters and means “the hill where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, the climber of mountains, climbed up and played music to his loved one”.

Secret Code Use the Secret Code to discover the name of New Zealand’s highest mountain (3,754 metres), whose Maori name, Aoraki, means “cloud piercer*”.

C = Q K = H M = _

N = 4 O = D

_

D

J

4

Q

D

D

H

T = 8 U = J 8

Do you know…

Which of these famous actors was born in New Zealand? a. Russell Crowe b. Mel Gibson c. Jake Gyllenhaal The answers are on page 15

Glossary archipelago: group of islands avant-garde: ahead of everyone else clan: tribe, group of families emotionally close to each other climate: type of weather in a particular area crowdsourced: where anyone in the world can contribute fertile: (land) rich, ie where plants grow well geyser: naturally hot fountain of water ostriches: large bird that cannot fly oyster: shellfish, ususally eaten uncooked pasture: large area of grass where you keep animals pedal: you put your foot on this to push a bicycle forward pierce: sharp object goes through something (eg knife pierces skin) rollercoaster: a short ‘railway’, made to be fast and exciting venison: meat from deer – animal that lives in the forest

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Culture and Society

13

have something done; simple past v. present perfect

In this edition of Teen, we look at two British Christmas Traditions.

Christmas Traditions the spices.) Finally, add the lemon juice.

Put the mincemeat into sterilised jars* with lids, and leave for at least two weeks before you use it.

The Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols* It’s Christmas Eve, and we are in the magnificent chapel* at King’s College in Cambridge. The place is full of people who have queued up all day to make sure that they get a seat. There are no electric lights, only candles. At the top of the chapel stand the choir in their long red and white costumes.

Then, the music and singing starts.

Now, we know that Christmas has really begun!

The Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols from King’s is one of the UK’s most popular Christmas traditions. This Christian church service always begins and ends with the same carols, and the same nine readings from the Bible are read each year. Much of the music is Medieval in origin, but a new carol is commissioned from a modern composer every year.

Of course, most people come to hear the world-famous King’s College Choir.

This Choir is made up of boys and men (who are also studying at the university), and two organ* scholars*.

The choir was set up in 1441 by King Henry VI, who had King’s College chapel built – the tall, stone chapel provides incredible acoustics.

The Christmas service has been broadcast on radio and television for many years, with millions of people

listening to it live across the world on the BBC’s World Service. If you want to hear what this choir sounds like, go to YouTube, and search for King’s College Choir.

Mince* Pies This traditional Christmas recipe began life in the Middle Ages. The flavours were influenced by pilgrims* coming back from the Holy Land. The original recipe was quite different from the modern version. In the past, these pies had minced meat in them, which is where they get their name from. Today they only have fruit in them. Why not give these delicious little pies a go?

Mincemeat recipe • 300g raisins • 300g currants • 300g sultanas • 300g apples • 150-200g muscovado/dark brown sugar • 300g suet* • 2 lemons • 1 teaspoon mixed spice • 1 teaspoon nutmeg • ½ teaspoon cinnamon Put the dried fruit in a large bowl and add the apples, grated*. Add suet, and sugar and the zest* of the two lemons.

Mix well, then add the spices and mix again. (Don’t worry if you can’t find all

Pastry Make your pastry with 200g flour, 1 tsp baking powder and 100g butter.

Using the tips of your fingers, rub the butter into the flour until it looks like breadcrumbs. Mix in a teaspoon of sugar and 1 beaten egg. Mix together quickly to make a soft dough*. Add a little cold water if the mixture is too dry. Put in the fridge for half an hour.

Next, roll out your pastry thinly. Then cut out circles of pastry, and put into a muffin or mince pie tray. Add a spoon of mincemeat, cover with a star-shaped circle of pastry. Then bake in the oven for 15-20 minutes at 200 degrees. Allow to cool and enjoy!

Glossary carols: traditional songs sung at Christmas chapel: small church dough: mix of flour, water, and other ingredients jars: glass bottles, eg for food grated: cut into small pieces using a metal cutter with holes in it mince: meat cut into very small pieces organ: large church instrument with metal pipes pilgrims: people who make spiritual journeys to holy places scholar: student who is very talented suet: solid fat (from vegetables or animals) zest: skin of lemon or orange etc

Odd One Out Which is the following is NOT one of Father Christmas’s reindeer?

Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Mouse, Cupid, Donner, Blitzen, and Rudolph

British Christmas True or False

TRUE FALSE 1. Traditionally, Mince Pies should be eaten between

Christmas Eve and Twelfth Night (5th January).

2. It is unlucky to have Christmas decorations in your house after Christmas Day.

3. The day before Christmas Day is called Boxing Day.

4. People in the UK open their presents on Christmas Eve. 5. The main Christmas meal is eaten during Christmas Day. The answers are on page 15.

14 Playstation

15

Idioms British people like cake and there are a lot of idioms in English which mention cake! Can you guess what these idioms mean?

1 It’s the icing on the cake a. It’s the last thing you will ever do. b. When something is good, but another thing makes it even better.

2 You can’t have your cake and eat it a. You can’t eat your cake and still have it on your plate. b. You’ve eaten a piece of cake and enjoyed it.

3 It’s a piece of cake a. It’s easy. b. It’s full of sugar.

Crossword Have you read our Report on slavery? Use the clues below to help you complete the crossword!

1. One of the world’s best-known NGOs: … International.

2. The symbol of the NGO above.

3. Uncle Tom had one of these.

4. Freedom is a … right.

5. Young person.

6. When people from the same country fight each other, this is called … war.

7. The last US state to officially ratify the 13th Amemdment.

8. US President who helped end slavery.

1 2

Christmas Reading

3

4

4 Something sells like hotcakes a. It sells when it’s hot. b. It sells very quickly.

5 To want a slice of the cake a. To want a share in something, eg profits. b. To be greedy.

6 It’s pie in the sky a. Something that you cannot touch. b. Something you would like to happen, but is unlikely.

5

ANGEL • CITY • FEAR • SON • TROUBLED • WOMEN

6

Gabriel salutes the Blessed Virgin Mary. Luke 1 And in the sixth month the .......................................... Gabriel was

7

sent from God unto a .......................................... of Galilee, named Nazareth, to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary. And

8

the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among

True or False?

How much do you know about New Zealand? Answer our quiz to find out!

1. The Kiwi is a native New Zealand bird.

2. People from New Zealand are often called Kiwis.

3. There are five sheep for every New Zealander.

4. New Zealand is an independent republic.

5. The first person to climb Mount Everest was a New Zealander.

6. New Zealand was one of the last countries to give women the vote 7. The first European to arrive in New Zealand was Portuguese.

8. The Haka is a traditional Maori war dance.

TRUE

FALSE

The readings from the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols come from the King James Bible which was first printed in 1611. Here is one of the most famous passages from it. The language is a little old-fashioned, but can you fill in the gaps?

.......................................... . And when she saw him, she was .......................................... at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be. And the angel said unto her, .......................................... not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a .......................................... , and shalt call his name Jesus.

Answers P. 3 Can you guess?: c). P. 4-5 Who was it?: a).

P. 6-7 Puzzle: They tell me: if you see a slave sleeping, do not wake him because he might be dreaming of freedom. I tell them: if you see a slave sleeping wake him and talk to him about liberty. P. 8-9 Abbreviations: 1. LOL = laugh out loud; 2. IMHO = in my humble opinion; 3. BFF = best friends forever; 4. BTW = by the way; 5. XOXO = hugs and kisses; 6. TMI = too much

The answers are at the bottom of the page.

information. P. 10-11 Secret Code: Mount Cook; Do you know…: a). P. 12-13 Odd One Out: mouse; True or False: T, T, F (it’s the day after Christmas Day), F (most British people open presents on Christmas morning), T, T. P. 14-15 Crossword: 1.Amnesty; 2.candle; 3.cabin; 4.human; 5.child; 6.civil; 7.Mississippi; 8.Lincoln; True or False: 1. T (the Kiwi cannot fly, the fruit is really called the kiwifruit); 2. T; 3. F (9); 4. F (the British queen,

Elizabeth II, is also queen of New Zealand); 5 T (Sir Edmund Hillary); 6 F (it was the first – in 1893 all women and all men had the right to vote); 7. F (it was Abel Tasman, who was Dutch); 8 T; Cake idioms: 1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B; 5.A; 6.B; King James Bible: angel, city, women, troubled, Fear, son.

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