2016 Elders Trial Site Results

20 16

ELDERS TECHNICAL SITE RESULTS

Special thanks to Kieron Coaldrake for assembling the reports.

Thanks to Kalyx and Living Farm, and the Elders agronomists, who facilitated the trials.

2 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

CONTENTS NARROGIN Lupin Agronomy.......................................................4 Disease Management in Barley.............................. 14 Herbicide Knockdown Demonstration....................22 HAMILTON Broadleaf weed control in wheat............................28 Multi-crop herbicide Matrix trial.............................32 Time of sowing in wheat trial.................................40 WARRACKNABEAL, VIC Pre-emergent & Early Post Emergent grass control in Wheat...........................................44

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 3

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LUPIN AGRONOMY

INTRODUCTION A trial was conducted near Narrogin, Western Australia, to evaluate a range of commercially available herbicides and application timings for the control of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mandellup). Combinations of herbicide applications included incorporation by sowing (IBS) applied immediately before sowing, and post emergent (PE) applications at the 4-6 leaf growth stage of lupin. Annual ryegrass populations were variable across the trial site. Capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) and volunteer oats (Avena sativa) were also present within the trial and were assessed throughout the trial period.

In this trial, IBS treatments that contained Simazine provided higher control of capeweed 9 WAS (3 WAA-B), with the addition of FMZ 1311 reducing plant numbers. Post emergent applications containing Select or Factor showed the highest overall control of annual ryegrass and wild oats. The post emergent treatments also affected the highest yields in the trial.

AIMS To demonstrate grass control options in lupins, both pre and post emergent.

RESULTS Weed species present within the trial were Annual Ryegrass, Capeweed and Volunteer Oats.

4 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

WEED CONTROL Table 1: Percent weed control (%) 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) Appl. Unit

Annual Ryegrass*

Capeweed*

Volunteer Oats*

--

--

0e

0c

0d

A

1.1

kg/ha

30d

73 ab

8 cd

Simazine

A

0.55

kg/ha

39 cd

73 ab

49 a-d

Atrazine

A

0.55

kg/ha

Simazine

A

1.1

kg/ha

45 cd

84 ab

35 a-d

Diuron

A

0.4

kg/ha

Simazine

A

0.9

kg/ha

40 cd

97 a

60 a-d

Metribuzin

A

0.4

kg/ha

6

Propyzamide

A

1

kg/ha

45 cd

43 abc

34 a-d

7

Trifluralin

A

2.5

L/ha

36 cd

31 abc

48 a-d

8

Trifluralin

A

2.5

L/ha

78 a-d

88 ab

67 abc

Simazine

A

1.1

kg/ha

Diuron

A

0.4

kg/ha

9

Sakura

A

118

g/ha

76 a-d

43 abc

13 bcd

10

Boxer Gold

A

2.5

L/ha

64 bcd

32 abc

22 bcd

11

FMZ 1311

A

3.5

kg/ha

84 abc

22 bc

91 ab

12

FMZ 1311

A

2.5

kg/ha

93 ab

87 ab

51 a-d

Simazine

A

1.1

kg/ha

13

F93133

A

3

kg/ha

65 a-d

77 ab

67 abc

14

Arcade

B

3

L/ha

59 bcd

77 ab

49 a-d

15

Select

B

500

mL/ha

99 a

18 bc

99 a

Uptake

B

1

%v/v

Select

B

500

mL/ha

98 a

18 bc

98 a

Leopard 200

B

150

mL/ha

Uptake

B

1

%v/v

Select

B

1

L/ha

99 a

5c

99 a

Uptake

B

1

%v/v

Factor

B

180

g/ha

99 a

29 bc

99 a

Supercharge

B

1

%v/v

Factor

B

180

g/ha

99 a

19 bc

99 a

Select

B

500

mL/ha

Supercharge

B

1

%v/v

Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Untreated

2

Simazine

3 4 5

16

17 18 19

Appl.

Timing

Application Rate

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Annual Ryegrass control

Annual Ryegrass control (&) compared to UTC at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) 120

% weed control

100 80 60 IBS 40 Post em 20 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Treatment no.

Figure 1: Annual Ryegrass control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B)

Capeweed control

Capeweed control (%) compared to UTC at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) 120

% weed control

100 80 60 IBS 40 Post em 20 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Treatment no.

Figure 2: Capeweed control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B)

Volunteer Oats Control

Volunteer Oats control (%) compared to UTC at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) 120

% weed control

100 80 60 IBS 40 Post em 20 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Treatment no.

Figure 3: Volunteer Oats control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B)

6 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

WHOLE PLOT WEED CONTROL Table 2: Whole plot weed control (%) at 12 WAS (6 WAA-B) Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1 2 3

Untreated Simazine Simazine Atrazine Simazine Diuron Simazine Metribuzin Propyzamide Trifluralin Trifluralin Simazine Diuron Sakura Boxer Gold FMZ 1311 FMZ 1311 Simazine F93133 Arcade Select Uptake Select Leopard 200 Uptake Select Uptake Factor Supercharge Factor Select Supercharge

4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19

Appl. Timing

Application Rate -1.1 0.55 0.55 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.4 1 2.5 2.5 1.1 0.4 118 2.5 3.5 2.5 1.1 3 3 500 1 500 150 1 1 1 180 1 180 500 1

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B

Appl. Unit

Whole plot weed control

-kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha L/ha L/ha kg/ha kg/ha g/ha L/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha L/ha mL/ha %v/v mL/ha mL/ha %v/v L/ha %v/v g/ha %v/v g/ha mL/ha %v/v

0c 33abc 37 abc 32 abc 62 abc 37 abc 60 abc 62 abc

53 abc 7 bc 52 abc 57 abc 43 abc 43 abc 52 abc 80 a

60 abc 62 abc 72 ab

Whole plot weed control (%) compared to UTC at 12 WAS (6 WAA-B) 90 80

% weed control

70 60 50 40

IBS

30

Post em

20 10 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Treatment no.

Figure 4: Whole plot weed control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 12 WAS (6 WAA-B)

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CROP YIELD Table 3: Crop yield (t/ha) at harvest for lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mandellup) and treatment cost ($/ha) Appl.

Timing

Appl. Unit

t/ha

--

--

1.11

de

$0

A

1.1

kg/ha

1.35

b-e

$11.92

Simazine

A

0.55

kg/ha

1.28

cde

$10.85

Atrazine

A

0.55

kg/ha

Simazine

A

1.1

kg/ha

1.32

cde

$17.35

Diuron

A

0.4

kg/ha

Simazine

A

0.9

kg/ha

1.57

a-d

$22.33

Metribuzin

A

0.4

kg/ha

6

Propyzamide

A

1

kg/ha

1.28

cde

$30.41

7

Trifluralin

A

2.5

L/ha

1.25

cde

$24.73

8

Trifluralin

A

2.5

L/ha

1.52

a-d

$42.08

Simazine

A

1.1

kg/ha

Diuron

A

0.4

kg/ha

9

Sakura

A

118

g/ha

1.36

b-e

$55.15

10

Boxer Gold

A

2.5

L/ha

1.16

de

$31.16

11

FMZ 1311

A

3.5

kg/ha

1.39

b-e

$55.15*

12

FMZ 1311

A

2.5

kg/ha

1.40

b-e

$55.15*

Simazine

A

1.1

kg/ha

13

F93133

A

3

kg/ha

1.38

b-e

$55.15*

14

Arcade

B

3

L/ha

1.01

e

$38.16

15

Select

B

500

mL/ha

1.34

b-e

$18.33

Uptake

B

1

%v/v

Select

B

500

mL/ha

1.68

abc

$21.70

Leopard 200

B

150

mL/ha

Uptake

B

1

%v/v

Select

B

1

L/ha

1.80

ab

$28.71

Uptake

B

1

%v/v

Factor

B

180

g/ha

1.63

abc

$42.56

Supercharge

B

1

%v/v

Factor

B

180

g/ha

1.90

a

$52.94

Select

B

500

mL/ha

Supercharge

B

1

%v/v

Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Untreated

2

Simazine

3 4 5

16

17 18 19

Application Rate

Treatment cost

Note: *= Experimental/ new products have been arbitrarily priced to be equal to the most expensive treatment in the trial.

Treatment costs are an indication only.

Means followed by the same letter code do not differ significantly.

8 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

Lupin yield (t/ha) and return on investment (ROI $/ha) 2 1.8

$127

$97

1.6 $50

1.4

$33

$37

$18 $20 $15

$10

$14 $12

1.2 $0

Axis Title

$152

$151 $93

$41

-$18

$65

-$64

1 0.8

IBS

0.6

Post em

0.4 0.2 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Axis Title Figure 5: Crop yield (t/ha) at harvest for lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mandellup) and return on investment (ROI $/ha) compared to untreated Note: ROI calculated assuming Lupin price: $260/t, 2016/17 Grainlink WA website.

Treatments with negative return on investment (ROI $/ha) are indicated with red text.

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY In this trial: • IBS applications containing Simazine provided the highest control of capeweed 9 WAS (3 WAA-B).

• Post emergent applications containing Select or Factor showed the highest overall control of annual ryegrass and wild oats and were the highest yielding.

• Crop yield was significantly higher in response to PE treatments (1.63 – 1.90t/ha) compared to UTC (1.11 t/ha), correlating with in season grass weed control data. All IBS treatments provided yields statistically equivalent to the untreated control.

• Generally, pre-emergent treatments were ineffective in this trial as a result of the dry start. To achieve better weed control, most pre-emergent products require a rain event ›10mm that penetrates the soil a few centimetres within 0-3 weeks of application.

• Post-emergent treatments picked up the later germinating weed species that the pre-emergent missed.

• Arcade is registered as a pre-emergent herbicide, applied IBS. In this trial, it was applied as a post-emergent treatment and results show poor overall weed control (43%).

• In this trial, results clearly indicate that post-emergent treatments e.g. Select + Factor + Supercharge ($52.94/ha) increased yield, delivering a higher return on investment ($152) per hectare.

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 9

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PROTOCOL INFORMATION EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Study Design

Complete Randomised Block

Replications

3

Plot Length

12m

Plot Width Sprayed

2m

SITE DETAILS Co-operator

Narrogin Agricultural College

Location

Narrogin

Soil Description

Sandy grey loam

Trial History 2015

Pasture

CROP & SOWING DETAILS Seeding Date

05/05/2016

Crop Type

Mandellup

Seeding Rate

100 kg/ha

Nutrition

Pre

100kg/ha Gusto Gold

Post

N/A

Tillage Type

Knife points and press wheels

Row Spacing

25.4cm

Moisture

Moist to surface

Clod size

Small

Stubble loading Herbicides Applied

Insecticides Applied

10 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

Nil Pre-emergent

1.5L/ha Roundup Ultramax As per treatment list

Post-emergent

As per treatment list

Pre-emergent

1L/ha chlorpyriphos 300ml/ha bifenthrin

Post-emergent

150ml/ha Transform

T R E ATM E N T L I S T Active Ingredient Application Rate Rate (gai/ha)

Trt. No.

Treatment Name

Appl. Unit

Appl. Timing

Appl. Code

1 2 3

Untreated Simazine Simazine

-990 495

-1.1 0.55

-kg/ha kg/ha

-IBS IBS

-A A

4

Atrazine Simazine

495 990

0.55 1.1

kg/ha kg/ha

IBS IBS

A A

5

Diuron Simazine

360 810

0.4 0.9

kg/ha kg/ha

IBS IBS

A A

6 7 8

Metribuzin Propyzamide Trifluralin Trifluralin

360 500 1.2k 1.2k

0.4 1 2.5 2.5

kg/ha kg/ha L/ha L/ha

IBS IBS IBS IBS

A A A A

Simazine

990

1.1

kg/ha

IBS

A

360 100.3 2k + 300 -

0.4 118 2.5 3.5 2.5

kg/ha g/ha L/ha kg/ha kg/ha

IBS IBS IBS IBS IBS

A A A A A

9 10 11 12

Diuron Sakura Boxer Gold FMZ 1311 FMZ 1311

13 14 15

Simazine F93133 Arcade Select

990 120

1.1 3 3 500

kg/ha kg/ha L/ha mL/ha

IBS IBS PE PE

A A B B

16

Uptake Select

120

1 500

%v/v mL/ha

PE PE

B B

30

150

mL/ha

PE

B

Leopard 200 17

Uptake Select

240

1 1

%v/v L/ha

PE PE

B B

18

Uptake Factor

45

1 180

%v/v g/ha

PE PE

B B

19

Supercharge Factor

45

1 180

%v/v g/ha

PE PE

B B

120

500

mL/ha

PE

B

-

1

%v/v

PE

B

Select Supercharge

A S S E S S M E N T D ATA S C O R I N G S Y S T E M S Notations Used: UTC = Untreated Check WAA = Weeks after application IBS = Incorporated by sowing PE = Post emergent Weed Counts The number of weeds emerged within each plot were counted using a 33 x 33cm quadran0t. This was conducted at four locations within the plot and weed numbers converted to plants/m2.

Percent Control A visual subjective score was given to each plot based on the percentage of weed control as compared to untreated control plots, where 0 = no observed control and 100 = full weed control.

Yield Plots were harvested with a Haldrup trial header and the weights in kg/plot recorded, then converted to t/ha using measured plot dimensions.

Return on Investment Treatment yield (t/ha) was multiplied by the 2016/2017 Lupin price in WA of $260.00/t (quoted from the Grainlink website) to give a gross income ($/ha). The treatment cost was then subtracted from this gross income figure to give an indication of dollar return ($/ha) for each treatment. Finally, the dollar return from the untreated control was subtracted from each treatment’s dollar return in order to compare the difference between treating and not treating the plot.

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 11

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W E AT H E R D ATA Weather Day

010614 Rainfall

Narrogin Day

Temperature (min)

Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

2.0

2.0

1

14.6

5.1

1.9

1.6

-1.0

3.4

Oct

2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.8

2

11.6

6.4

5.3

0.6

-0.4

2.2

3.6

Day

Temperature (max) Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

1

25.6 15.0 17.8 15.5 12.8 14.5 13.5

2

27.3 19.1 17.7 19.0 14.3 16.0 15.6

3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.6

0.0

3

12.7 11.0

6.3

1.9

1.8

4.4

7.0

3

31.1 18.5 20.5 12.0 14.0 15.7 17.7

4

0.0

0.0

1.4

1.4

4.8

0.0

0.0

4

14.7

10.9

2.6

7.7

4.8

9.7

4

24.6 21.0 14.7 10.9 12.3 21.4 20.8

8.2

5

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.4

0.0

0.0

5

10.7

7.6

1.6

2.3

9.4

3.9

8.1

5

17.9 17.9 15.0 12.3 14.1 20.7 23.8

6

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

6

8.5

10.4

2.4

0.8

7.2

8.6

6.9

6

19.6 18.5 14.3 13.8 15.5 19.8 20.9

7

0.0

8.2

8.6

0.0

5.4

2.6

0.8

7

8.5

9.5

8.3

4.8

7.0

9.4

11.8

7

22.0 16.3 12.5 11.5 13.9 15.0 24.5

8

0.0

0.6

1.4

3.8

3.8

5.4

3.8

8

10.0

6.7

4.4

6.9

6.1

6.5

13.0

8

24.8 13.5 11.0 14.1 10.2 15.7 17.4

9

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.6

3.8

0.0

2.4

9

11.5

4.7

6.3

4.6

1.8

2.4

6.2

9

21.8 19.0 14.0 12.9 13.3 15.5 16.3

10

1.1

0.0

1.6

1.0

0.2

0.2

0.0

10

14.2

4.2

9.0

5.9

2.1

6.2

6.3

10

22.0 20.5 15.5 14.1 14.3 16.5 18.2

11

9.4

0.0

0.2

0.8

0.4

2.6

0.0

11

15.5

3.6

8.4

5.9

7.9

7.4

4.4

11

20.0 22.7 16.5 14.0 15.7 13.7 23.3

12

20.4 0.0

0.0

0.0

4.2

0.0

0.0

12

16.0

3.8

9.4

0.9

1.4

4.6

6.0

12

20.3 24.5 18.0 10.8 15.2 14.0 29.0

13

6.2

0.0

8.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

13

16.5

6.8

9.7

-2.2

2.7

2.2

11.6

13

25.0 21.5 16.4 12.5 15.5 14.0 29.6

14

0.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

14

12.5 11.9

9.9

1.7

0.9

1.2

11.3

14

22.7 21.1 16.1 14.3 19.5 14.6 20.0

15

0.0

0.0

2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

15

11.7

9.9

8.1

1.6

6.0

15

21.0 19.5 15.7 18.9 16.2 15.8 16.1

5.9

16

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

6.0

3.4

0.0

16

14.5

4.4

6.5

10.8

4.8

4.0

6.3

16

28.0 18.5 15.6 16.9 15.9 14.1 18.8

17

1.0

0.0

0.6

13.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

17

16.5

5.3

6.3

10.6

8.4

-0.7

6.9

17

24.0 19.9 13.6 16.6 14.6 15.0 18.8

18

2.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

10.0

0.0

0.0

18

12.6

9.7

4.7

5.9

3.1

0.4

2.3

18

21.3 19.8 15.0 14.0 12.8 15.8 20.2

19

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.6

0.0

19

13.7 10.7

6.4

0.0

0.3

3.8

3.6

19

22.0 17.8 17.1 14.0 12.5 14.3 19.5

20

0.0

0.0

10.6

0.0

0.8

0.0

1.4

20

11.9 11.0

9.3

2.6

7.6

2.5

7.4

20

21.0 20.2 16.1 15.1 16.7 17.6 16.6

21

0.0

15.6

0.0

6.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

21

8.2

11.5

4.0

6.5

1.4

1.7

1.0

21

21.0 13.8 13.8 12.3 15.0 21.5 20.0

22

0.0

10.4

0.2

2.6

3.6

0.0

0.0

22

10.4

5.4

4.7

2.9

4.3

4.4

5.5

22

23.1 16.7 15.4 11.6 12.6 16.6 26.3

23

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

4.8

0.0

23

12.2

9.0

5.7

5.5

-0.8

4.9

9.2

23

24.5 17.7 13.5 13.2 12.5 13.0 31.5

24

0.0

8.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

0.0

24

13.8

8.4

5.1

-0.7

-1.9

-0.2

7.2

24

27.5 16.7 14.2 11.3 14.3 14.5 18.0 20.6 15.4 14.2 12.6 14.9 15.1 20.0

25

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

25

16.9

9.1

6.9

6.0

1.3

5.2

4.2

25

26

2.2

1.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

26

14.2

9.4

0.1

2.5

4.5

1.2

5.2

26

18.1 16.5 15.0 16.1 18.2 16.4 22.8

27

1.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

14.4

0.6

0.0

27

4.4

2.2

5.4

2.1

8.1

9.3

5.9

27

15.7 17.1 14.6 15.5 14.9 15.4 23.9

28

0.0

7.4

0.0

0.0

3.0

8.0

0.0

28

6.6

8.9

2.1

5.1

7.6

2.5

6.2

28

18.1 17.0 14.1 18.4 13.5 13.5 25.0

29

1.8

0.2

9.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.4

29

8.2

4.2

7.9

5.1

8.4

-1.0

7.8

29

19.0 13.5 16.2 19.5 13.5 17.0 19.5

30

3.8

0.0

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

30

5.6

4.1

1.4

6.4

0.2

2.2

1.7

30

14.8 15.1 14.8 17.5 16.1 17.0 19.8

3.4

1.0

8.8

7.4

6.0

3.9

4.1

3.6

6.6

31

0.0

0.0

Total 50.9 55.6 45.8 35.6 70.8 40.6 17.4 IBS Spray + Sown PE Spray

Rainfall was limited throughout the period.

12 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

31 Avg 12.0

0.9 7.1

5.1

31

16.7

11.8 14.0

20.9

Avg 22.1 18.1 15.3 14.3 14.5 16.0 20.9

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 13

NARROGIN, WA

DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN BARLEY

INTRODUCTION One trial was conducted near Narrogin, Western Australia, to demonstrate and evaluate the benefits of fungicide in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Bass) to control spot form net blotch (SFNB, causal agent Pyrenophora teres f.maculata) and powdery mildew (causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). The trial was sown into moisture on a loam paddock which was previously sown to oats. Seed and in furrow treatments were applied at seeding with foliar applications occurring when the crop was at GS 22 and GS 37.

Disease levels in the trial were low throughout the trial period, with minimal background levels of inoculum within the trial area.

In this trial, none of the treatmets tested reduced SFNB infection regardless of application timing, mostly likely due to disease levels ‹5% throughout the trial period.

Powdery mildew severity was reduced in the lower canopy through the application of treatments at GS 37 (application C). The combination of Cogito + Amistar Xtra provided the highest control of powdery mildew, however other foliar applications provided similar results. No statistically significant yield differences were observed, compared to the untreated check.

AIMS 1. Systems based trial to demonstrate and evaluate the benefits of fungicide application in barley to control Powdery Mildew and Spot Form Net Blotch.

2. Looking at the options with SDHI’s, Strobilurin’s and DMI’s in regards to disease management.

RESULTS Spot Form Net Blotch control Disease present within the trial was spot form net blotch (SFNB, causal agent Pyrenophora teres f.maculata). Assessment of SFNB infection 10 DAA-B showed infection levels of 0-1% in the lower canopy with no disease present in the upper canopy. No significant differences were evident between any treatments regardless of application timing hence these results will not be presented here in detail.

Powdery Mildew control At the final assessment, powdery mildew (causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) was also present.

14 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

Table 1: Powdery Mildew disease severity (%) lower and upper canopy 57 DAA-B (36 DAA-C).

Trt. No.

Treatment Name

Lower Canopy

Upper Canopy

1

Untreated control

3.2ab

1.0a

2

Systiva

150 mL/100kg-seed

A

0.8b-e

0.0c

3

Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB)

200 mL/ha

A

4.9a

1.0bc

200 mL/ha

A

4

Cogito

125 mL/ha

B

0.8b-e

0.3bc

5

Bumper 625

200 mL/ha

B

0.6c-f

0.0c

6

Ceriax

750 mL/ha

B

1.6bcd

0.0c

7

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

B

0.8b-e

0.7ab

8

Prosaro

150 mL/ha

B

2.3abc

0.0c

9

Aviator

500 mL/ha

B

0.2def

0.0c

10

Legend

200 mL/ha

B

0.4c-f

0.0c

11

Systiva

150 mL/100kg-seed

A

0.1ef

0.0c

Ceriax

750 mL/ha

C

Uniform (IF)

200 mL/ha

A

0.4c-f

0.0c

Uniform (SB)

200 mL/ha

A

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

C

Prosaro

150 mL/ha

B

0.4c-f

0.0c

Aviator

500 mL/ha

C

Aviator

500 mL/ha

B

0.4c-f

0.0c

Prosaro

150 mL/ha

C

Cogito

125 mL/ha

B

0.0f

0.0c

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

C

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

B

0.0f

0.0c

Cogito

125 mL/ha

C

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

B

1.3b-e

0.0c

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

C

Systiva

150 mL/100kg-seed

A

0.1ef

0.0c

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

B

Aviator

500 mL/ha

C

12

13 14 15 16 17 18

Rate

Appl. Code

Note: Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05,LSD)

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 15

NARROGIN, WA

Figure 1: Powdery Mildew disease severity (%) in the lower canopy at 57 days after application B (DAA-B) and 36 DAA-C.

Powdery Mildew disease severity (%) in the Lower Canopy at 57 DAA-B (36 DAA-C) 6

5

4

Disease severity (%)

3

2 Untreated At seeding (Appl A)

1

Foliar (Appl B) 0

Late Foliar (Appl C) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Treatment no.

Note: Colour coding is done as per the last application timing in the treatment.

Important to consider that the late foliar applications were conducted in combination with an earlier application type and timing.

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16 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

YIELD AND RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI $/HA) Table 2: Barley Yield (t/ha) at harvest and treatment cost ($/ha) Trt. No.

Treatment Name

Rate

1 2

Untreated control Systiva

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18

Appl. Code

t/ha*

Treatment Cost ($/ha)

150 mL/100kg-seed

A

5.21 6.38

$0.00 $27.47

Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB)

200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha

A A

5.99

$25.32

Cogito Bumper 625 Ceriax Amistar Xtra Prosaro Aviator Legend Systiva Ceriax Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB) Amistar Xtra Prosaro Aviator Aviator Prosaro Cogito Amistar Xtra Amistar Xtra Cogito Amistar Xtra Amistar Xtra

125 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 750 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 150 mL/ha 500 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 150 mL/100kg-seed 750 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 150 mL/ha 500 mL/ha 500 mL/ha 150 mL/ha 125 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 125 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 400 mL/ha

B B B B B B B A C A A C B C B C B C B C B C

6.57 5.94 5.59 5.91 6.00 5.94 5.71

$3.94 $7.25 $35.00 $64.02 $11.78 $27.29 $36.28

6.30

$62.47

5.92

$89.34

5.49

$39.08

5.69

$39.08

5.13

$67.97

5.03

$67.97

5.59

$128.05

Systiva Amistar Xtra Aviator

150 mL/100kg-seed 400 mL/ha 500 mL/ha

A B C

5.68

$118.79

Note: Treatment costs are an indication only Figure 2: Barley yield (t/ha) at harvest and return on investment ($/ha) compared to untreated.

Barley Yield at Harvest (t/ha) with ROI ($/ha) for each treatment 7

Axis Title

6

$222

$141

$286

$148

$0

$46

$85 $156 $128 $70

$170

$62

-$47 -$19 $21 $63 -$85 -$106

5 4 3 2 1 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Axis Title Note: ROI calculated assuming Barley price: $213.00/t, 2016/17 F1, Kwinana, taken from AWB bid sheet Treatments with a negative return on investment (ROI) are indicated with red text

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 17

NARROGIN, WA

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY In this trial: • Disease levels of both SFNB and powdery mildew were low (‹5%).

• SFNB severity was not reduced by any treatment regardless of application timing.

• Powdery mildew was not present within the trial until final assessment 57 DAA-B (36 DAA-C) with infection levels of 0-5% in the lower canopy and 0-1% in the upper canopy.

• Uniform (Treatment 3, applied both in furrow and as a surface band) was unable to provide sufficient control of powdery mildew by 57 DAA-B, demonstrated by a percentage of leaf area infected (%LAI) equivalent to the untreated control.

• Powdery mildew severity was reduced through the late foliar applications (Application C, GS 37) with all treatments providing similar control.

• Given the low disease pressure, no significant differences in yield were identified.

• When it comes to the farmer’s return on investment, the treatments effective in reducing powdery mildew were expensive and because of low disease pressure, had minimal impact to improve yield.

• When we look at the ROI, the simpler, cheaper, less effective disease controlling treatments gave the best return. This highlights the importance of knowing your property well! If you know you have low disease pressure on your property you probably do not need to throw money at expensive fungicide treatments.

• In this trial, it appears that earlier treatments provided greater yield benefits than later foliar applied fungicides.

PROTOCOL INFORMATION EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Study Design

Complete Randomised Block

Replications

3

Plot Length

12m

Plot Width Sprayed

2m

SITE DETAILS Co-operator

Narrogin Agricultural College

Location

Narrogin

Soil Description

Grey loam

Trial History 2015

Oats

CROP & SOWING DETAILS Seeding Date

2nd Jun 2016

Crop Type

Barley

Variety

Bass

Seeding Rate Nutrition

80 kg/ha Pre

110 kg/ha Gusto Gold | 80 kg/ha Urea

Post

50 L/ha UAN

Tillage Type

Knife points and press wheels

Row Spacing

25.4 cm

Moisture

Moisture to surface

Clod size

Small

Stubble loading Herbicides Applied

Insecticides Applied

18 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

Low ‹10% Pre-emergent

Post-emergent

1.5 L/ha glyphosate 2 L/ha trifluralin 300 g/ha diuron 800 mL/ha Velocity

Pre-emergent

1L/ha chlorpyriphos

Post-emergent

100 ml/ha Transform

T R E ATM E N T L I S T Trt. No.

Treatment Name

Rate

Application Timing

1

Untreated control

2

Appl. Code

Systiva

150 mL/100kg-seed

Seed treatment

A

3

Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB)

200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha

In-furrow Surface banded

A A

4

Cogito

125 mL/ha

8 WAS

B

5

Bumper 625

200 mL/ha

8 WAS

B

6

Ceriax

750 mL/ha

8 WAS

B

7

Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha

8 WAS

B

8

Prosaro

150 mL/ha

8 WAS

B

9

Aviator

500 mL/ha

8 WAS

B

10

Legend

200 mL/ha

8 WAS

B

11

Systiva Ceriax

150 mL/100kg-seed 750 mL/ha

Seed treatment 11 WAS

A C

12

Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB) Amistar Xtra

200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 400 mL/ha

In-furrow Surface banded 11 WAS

A A C

13

Prosaro Aviator

150 mL/ha 500 mL/ha

8 WAS 11 WAS

B C

14

Aviator Prosaro

500 mL/ha 150 mL/ha

8 WAS 11 WAS

B C

15

Cogito Amistar Xtra

125 mL/ha 400 mL/ha

8 WAS 11 WAS

B C

16

Amistar Xtra Cogito

400 mL/ha 125 mL/ha

8 WAS 11 WAS

B C

17

Amistar Xtra Amistar Xtra

400 mL/ha 400 mL/ha

8 WAS 11 WAS

B C

18

Systiva Amistar Xtra Aviator

150 mL/100kg-seed 400 mL/ha 500 mL/ha

Seed treatment 8 WAS 11 WAS

A B C

Note: Application details: Application A Seed treatment: applied to seeds on 01/06/16 in small, 2kg batches Liquid in-furrow: IBS, 1.5 cm below seed Liquid surface banded: IBS, behind press wheels, injected on top of the furrow Application B Early foliar spray (8 WAS): applied using a hand boom on 28/07/16 Application C Late foliar spray (11 WAS): applied using a hand boom on 16/08/16

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 19

NARROGIN, WA

A S S E S S M E N T D ATA S C O R I N G S Y S T E M S Notations Used: WAS = Weeks after Sowing IF = In-furrow SB = Surface Banded DAA-B = Days after Application B DAA-C = Days after Application C SFNB = Spot Form Net Blotch %LAI = Percent Leaf Area Infected Foliar Disease Severity Within each plot, crop parts were used to assess the upper and lower canopy. These sections were rated separately for percent leaf area infected (%LAI) with diseases present; where 0 = no infection, and 100% = total infection. Where senescence had begun, only the remaining green portion of the leaf was assessed.

Yield A visual subjective score was given to each plot based on the percentage of weed control as compared to untreated control plots, where 0 = no Plots were harvested with a Haldrup trial header and the weights in kg/plot were recorded, then converted to t/ha.

Return on Investment Treatment yield (t/ha) was multiplied by the 2016/2017 Barley bid price from Kwinana silos (one of the nearby silos in WA) of $213.00/t to give a gross income ($/ha). The treatment cost was then subtracted from this gross income figure to give an indication dollar return ($/ha) for each treatment. Finally, the dollar return from the untreated control was subtracted from each treatment’s dollar return in order to compare the difference between treating and not treating the plot.

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20 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

W E AT H E R D ATA Weather Day

010614 Rainfall

Narrogin Day

Temperature (min)

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

2.0

2.0

1

14.6

5.1

1.9

1.6

-1.0

3.4

2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.8

2

11.6

6.4

5.3

0.6

-0.4

2.2

Oct

3.6

Day

Temperature (max) Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

1

25.6 15.0 17.8 15.5 12.8 14.5 13.5

2

27.3 19.1

17.7 19.0 14.3 16.0 15.6

3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.6

0.0

3

12.7

11.0

6.3

1.9

1.8

4.4

7.0

3

31.1

4

0.0

0.0

1.4

1.4

4.8

0.0

0.0

4

14.7

8.2

10.9

2.6

7.7

4.8

9.7

4

24.6 21.0 14.7 10.9 12.3 21.4 20.8

18.5 20.5 12.0 14.0 15.7 17.7

5

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.4

0.0

0.0

5

10.7

7.6

1.6

2.3

9.4

3.9

8.1

5

17.9 17.9 15.0 12.3

6

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

6

8.5

10.4

2.4

0.8

7.2

8.6

6.9

6

19.6 18.5 14.3 13.8 15.5 19.8 20.9

14.1 20.7 23.8

7

0.0

8.2

8.6

0.0

5.4

2.6

0.8

7

8.5

9.5

8.3

4.8

7.0

9.4

11.8

7

22.0 16.3 12.5

11.5

13.9 15.0 24.5

8

0.0

0.6

1.4

3.8

3.8

5.4

3.8

8

10.0

6.7

4.4

6.9

6.1

6.5

13.0

8

24.8 13.5

14.1

10.2 15.7 17.4

9

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.6

3.8

0.0

2.4

9

11.5

4.7

6.3

4.6

1.8

2.4

6.2

9

21.8 19.0 14.0 12.9 13.3 15.5 16.3

10

1.1

0.0

1.6

1.0

0.2

0.2

0.0

10

14.2

4.2

9.0

5.9

2.1

6.2

6.3

10

22.0 20.5 15.5

11.0

14.1

14.3 16.5 18.2

11

9.4

0.0

0.2

0.8

0.4

2.6

0.0

11

15.5

3.6

8.4

5.9

7.9

7.4

4.4

11

20.0 22.7 16.5 14.0 15.7 13.7 23.3

12

20.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.2

0.0

0.0

12

16.0

3.8

9.4

0.9

1.4

4.6

6.0

12

20.3 24.5 18.0 10.8 15.2 14.0 29.0

13

6.2

0.0

8.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

13

16.5

6.8

9.7

-2.2

2.7

2.2

11.6

13

25.0 21.5 16.4 12.5 15.5 14.0 29.6

1.7

0.9

1.2

11.3

14

22.7 21.1

8.1

1.6

6.0

15

21.0 19.5 15.7 18.9 16.2 15.8

16.1 18.8

14

0.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

14

12.5

11.9

9.9

15

0.0

0.0

2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

15

11.7

5.9

9.9

16

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

6.0

3.4

0.0

16

14.5

4.4

6.5

10.8

4.8

4.0

6.3

16

28.0 18.5 15.6 16.9 15.9

17

1.0

0.0

0.6

13.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

17

16.5

5.3

6.3

10.6

8.4

-0.7

6.9

17

24.0 19.9 13.6 16.6 14.6 15.0 18.8

16.1

14.3 19.5 14.6 20.0

14.1

18

2.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

10.0

0.0

0.0

18

12.6

9.7

4.7

5.9

3.1

0.4

2.3

18

21.3 19.8 15.0 14.0 12.8 15.8 20.2

19

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.6

0.0

19

13.7 10.7

6.4

0.0

0.3

3.8

3.6

19

22.0 17.8

17.1

14.0 12.5 14.3 19.5

20

0.0

0.0

10.6

0.0

0.8

0.0

1.4

20

11.9

11.0

9.3

2.6

7.6

2.5

7.4

20

21.0 20.2 16.1

21

0.0

15.6

0.0

6.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

21

8.2

11.5

4.0

6.5

1.4

1.7

1.0

21

21.0 13.8 13.8 12.3 15.0 21.5 20.0

22

0.0

10.4

0.2

2.6

3.6

0.0

0.0

22

10.4

5.4

4.7

2.9

4.3

4.4

5.5

22

23.1 16.7 15.4

23

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

4.8

0.0

23

12.2

9.0

5.7

5.5

-0.8

4.9

9.2

23

24.5 17.7 13.5 13.2 12.5 13.0 31.5

24

0.0

8.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

0.0

24

13.8

8.4

5.1

-0.7

-1.9

-0.2

7.2

24

27.5 16.7 14.2

16.9

9.1

6.9

6.0

1.3

5.2

4.2

25

20.6 15.4 14.2 12.6 14.9

14.2

9.4

0.1

2.5

4.5

1.2

5.2

26

18.1

25

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

25

26

2.2

1.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

26

16.5 15.0

15.1

11.6

11.3

16.1

16.7 17.6 16.6

12.6 16.6 26.3

14.3 14.5 18.0 15.1 20.0

18.2 16.4 22.8

27

1.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

14.4

0.6

0.0

27

4.4

2.2

5.4

2.1

8.1

9.3

5.9

27

15.7

17.1

14.6 15.5 14.9 15.4 23.9

28

0.0

7.4

0.0

0.0

3.0

8.0

0.0

28

6.6

8.9

2.1

5.1

7.6

2.5

6.2

28

18.1

17.0

14.1

18.4 13.5 13.5 25.0

29

1.8

0.2

9.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.4

29

8.2

4.2

7.9

5.1

8.4

-1.0

7.8

29

19.0 13.5 16.2 19.5 13.5 17.0 19.5

30

3.8

0.0

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

30

5.6

4.1

1.4

6.4

0.2

2.2

1.7

30

14.8

3.4

1.0

8.8

7.4

5.1

31

6.0

3.9

4.1

3.6

6.6

Avg

31

0.0

0.0

Total 50.9 55.6 45.8 35.6 70.8 40.6 17.4 Sown/App A

31 Avg

0.9 12.0

7.1

15.1

14.8 17.5

16.1

17.0 19.8

11.8

14.0

20.9

16.7 22.1 18.1

15.3

14.3 14.5 16.0 20.9

App C

App B

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 21

NARROGIN, WA

HERBICIDE KNOCKDOWN DEMONSTRATION

INTRODUCTION The trial conducted near Narrogin, WA, in 2016 was a demonstration of options for knockdowns targeting weed species including volunteer oats, brome grass, annual ryegrass, capeweed, serradella and clover.

Results clearly demonstrated that product choice, rate and application timing play a significant role in controlling volunteer oats, brome grass, annual ryegrass, capeweed, serradella and clover.

AIMS To demonstrate options for Knockdowns.

RESULTS Weed species present within this trial were volunteer oats, brome grass, annual ryegrass, capeweed, serradella and clover.

22 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

PERCENT BROWNOUT Table 1: Percent brownout (%) of all weed species at 8 DAA Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Roundup Ultra Max

2

Roundup Ultra Max

Rate

Rate Unit

Vol Oats

Brome

ARG

Capeweed

Serradella

Clover

800 ml/ha

85

80

80

15

25

50

1.5 l/ha

90

85

90

20

30

50

3

Roundup Ultra Max

3 l/ha

90

85

90

30

40

50

4

Paraquat

800 ml/ha

85

85

80

30

90

20

5

Paraquat

1.5 l/ha

90

90

85

40

90

30

6

Paraquat

3 l/ha

95

95

95

70

95

70

7

Sprayseed

1.5 l/ha

85

90

80

85

95

60

8

Alliance

1.5 l/ha

90

90

85

50

90

50

9

Alliance

3 l/ha

95

95

85

80

98

60

10

Roundup Ultra Max

800 ml/ha

95

90

90

70

85

75

0

0

0

0

0

0

95

90

90

60

85

30

95

90

90

95

95

85

90

90

90

95

95

95

90

80

80

15

40

40

85

90

75

30

85

75

95

85

90

60

80

75

80

85

80

80

85

50

85

85

90

10

25

25

85

85

85

20

20

23

85

80

85

25

30

20

75

80

75

5

15

5

Terrain

30 g/ha

Hasten

1 % v/

11

Untreated Control

12

Paraquat Terrain

800 ml/ha 30 g/ha

Hasten 13

Roundup Ultra Max Sharpen

1 % v/ 800 ml/ha 17 g/ha

Hasten 14

1 % v/v

Paraquat

800 ml/ha

Sharpen

17 g/ha

Hasten 15

Roundup Ultra Max Goal Tender

16

Paraquat

17

Roundup Ultra Max

Goal Tender Logran B Power

1 % v/v 800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha 800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha 800 ml/ha 25 g/ha

Hasten 18

Paraquat Logran B Power

1 % v/v 800 ml/ha 25 g/ha

Hasten 19

1 % v/v

Roundup Ultra Max

800 ml/ha

Kamba 500

170 g/ha

20

Roundup Ultra Max

800 ml/ha

21

Roundup Ultra Max

800

ml/ha

Ester 680

300

ml/ha

Roundup Ultra Max

800

ml/ha

Atrazine

0.6

kg/ha

Lontrel

22

40 g/ha

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 23

NARROGIN, WA

PERCENT REGROWTH Table 2: Percentage of weed survival (damaged plants exhibiting regrowth) at 41 days after application Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Roundup Ultra Max

2

Roundup Ultra Max

Rate

Rate Unit

Vol Oats

Brome

ARG

Capeweed

Serradella

Clover

800 ml/ha

100

100

100

100

100

100

1.5 l/ha

0

0

0

40

60

40

3

Roundup Ultra Max

3 l/ha

0

0

0

10

0

10

4

Paraquat

800 ml/ha

90

90

90

50

50

50

5

Paraquat

1.5 l/ha

50

40

40

30

30

30

6

Paraquat

3 l/ha

20

20

30

0

0

20

7

Sprayseed

1.5 l/ha

0

0

20

20

20

20

8

Alliance

1.5 l/ha

0

30

30

30

30

30

9

Alliance

3 l/ha

0

0

0

20

10

25

10

Roundup Ultra Max Terrain Hasten

800 ml/ha 30 g/ha 1 % v/

10

20

10

30

30

40

11

Untreated Control

100

100

100

100

100

100

12

Paraquat Terrain Hasten

800 ml/ha 30 g/ha 1 % v/

30

40

10

40

40

50

13

Roundup Ultra Max Sharpen Hasten

800 ml/ha 17 g/ha 1 % v/v

70

80

80

0

0

5

14

Paraquat Sharpen Hasten

800 ml/ha 17 g/ha 1 % v/v

70

80

80

0

0

5

15

Roundup Ultra Max Goal Tender

800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha

30

15

10

60

50

70

16

Paraquat Goal Tender

800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha

40

20

10

60

50

65

17

Roundup Ultra Max Logran B Power Hasten

800 ml/ha 25 g/ha 1 % v/v

20

20

20

10

15

30

18

Paraquat Logran B Power Hasten

800 ml/ha 25 g/ha 1 % v/v

30

30

40

40

40

30

19

Roundup Ultra Max Kamba 500

800 ml/ha 170 g/ha

0

10

10

60

75

80

20

Roundup Ultra Max Lontrel

800 ml/ha 40 g/ha

0

0

10

50

50

60

21

Roundup Ultra Max Ester 680

800 300

ml/ha ml/ha

10

10

5

10

10

40

22

Roundup Ultra Max Atrazine

800 0.6

ml/ha kg/ha

5

5

0

20

20

40

Note: Colour coded results›50% regrowth/ survival

At these rates and method of application including timing etc.

Results showed these treatments to be ineffective.

11-49% regrowth/survival

At these rates and method of application including timing etc.

Results showed these treatment to provide less than optimal control.

‚10% regrowth/survival

At these rates and method of application including timing etc.

Results showed at least 90% control.

24 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY • Early brownout will not always translate to a proper kill. E.g. treatments of Paraquat/ RoundUp Ultra Max mixed with Hasten and Sharpen got 90-95% brownout on the grasses at 8 DAA, but by 41 DAA they had 70-80% regrowth. Could be due to an antagonistic relationship between mixing partners, inadequate rate of application and many other factors.

• Manipulation of rates will achieve different levels of control. For example, Roundup Ultra Max at the lower rate of 0.8L/ha will not control any of these species at 41DAA (shown by 100% regrowth/ survival) however, at 3L/ha the same product can achieve 0-10% survival rates at 41 DAA and therefore desirable control of all weed species.

• Sharpen and Hasten, when mixed with the lower rates (0.8L/ha) of Paraquat/ Roundup Ultra Max, are very effective at controlling broadleaf weeds like capeweed, serradella and clover.

PROTOCOL INFORMATION EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Study Design Replications Plot Length Plot Width Sprayed

Demonstration 1 12m 2m

SITE DETAILS Co-operator Location Soil Description Trial History 2015

Narrogin Agricultural College Narrogin Grey loam Oats/Pasture

EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION DETAILS Weed Growth Stage at application

Date Spray Time Temperature (°C) Delta T Cloud Cover (%) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (m/s) Wind Direction Soil Moisture Application equipment Application speed (km/hr) Pressure (bar) Spray volume (L/ha) Spray quality

Volunteer oats: GS 24 – 31 Brome grass: GS 22 – 24 Annual ryegrass: GS 22 – 24 26/07/2016 Start 13:40 Start 15.3 Start 4.4 Start 0 Start 54.2 Start 1.2 Start SW Moist at 1cm Shrouded hand boom 6 2.2 100 Coarse

Capeweed: 5-20cm diameter Serradella: 8 – 10 leaf Clover: 5-8 leaf Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish

14.20 16.6 6.2 0 49.5 0.7 SW

Note: At application, there was a significant shading of weed species throughout the plots. This may effect efficacy of contact herbicides.

Treatments were assessed based on the following: Notations used UTC =Untreated check DAA =Days after Application Percent Brownout At 8 days after application (DAA), a subjective score was given to each plot based on the level of weed brownout as compared to the untreated control plots.

Percent Regrowth At 41 DAA, a subjective assessment of each plot was given indicating the percentage of the total population to exhibit regrowth; defined as new shoots, stem elongation or new leaves. Retention of green tissue was not included as part of this assessment.

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 25

NARROGIN, WA

W E AT H E R D ATA Weather Day

010614 Rainfall

Narrogin Day

Temperature (min)

Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

2.0

2.0

1

14.6

5.1

1.9

1.6

-1.0

3.4

Oct

2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.8

2

11.6

6.4

5.3

0.6

-0.4

2.2

3.6

Day

Temperature (max) Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

1

25.6 15.0 17.8 15.5 12.8 14.5 13.5

2

27.3 19.1 17.7 19.0 14.3 16.0 15.6

3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.6

0.0

3

12.7 11.0

6.3

1.9

1.8

4.4

7.0

3

31.1 18.5 20.5 12.0 14.0 15.7 17.7

4

0.0

0.0

1.4

1.4

4.8

0.0

0.0

4

14.7

10.9

2.6

7.7

4.8

9.7

4

24.6 21.0 14.7 10.9 12.3 21.4 20.8

8.2

5

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.4

0.0

0.0

5

10.7

7.6

1.6

2.3

9.4

3.9

8.1

5

17.9 17.9 15.0 12.3 14.1 20.7 23.8

6

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

6

8.5

10.4

2.4

0.8

7.2

8.6

6.9

6

19.6 18.5 14.3 13.8 15.5 19.8 20.9

7

0.0

8.2

8.6

0.0

5.4

2.6

0.8

7

8.5

9.5

8.3

4.8

7.0

9.4

11.8

7

22.0 16.3 12.5 11.5 13.9 15.0 24.5

8

0.0

0.6

1.4

3.8

3.8

5.4

3.8

8

10.0

6.7

4.4

6.9

6.1

6.5

13.0

8

24.8 13.5 11.0 14.1 10.2 15.7 17.4

9

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.6

3.8

0.0

2.4

9

11.5

4.7

6.3

4.6

1.8

2.4

6.2

9

21.8 19.0 14.0 12.9 13.3 15.5 16.3

10

1.1

0.0

1.6

1.0

0.2

0.2

0.0

10

14.2

4.2

9.0

5.9

2.1

6.2

6.3

10

22.0 20.5 15.5 14.1 14.3 16.5 18.2

11

9.4

0.0

0.2

0.8

0.4

2.6

0.0

11

15.5

3.6

8.4

5.9

7.9

7.4

4.4

11

20.0 22.7 16.5 14.0 15.7 13.7 23.3

12

20.4 0.0

0.0

0.0

4.2

0.0

0.0

12

16.0

3.8

9.4

0.9

1.4

4.6

6.0

12

20.3 24.5 18.0 10.8 15.2 14.0 29.0

13

6.2

0.0

8.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

13

16.5

6.8

9.7

-2.2

2.7

2.2

11.6

13

25.0 21.5 16.4 12.5 15.5 14.0 29.6

14

0.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

14

12.5 11.9

9.9

1.7

0.9

1.2

11.3

14

22.7 21.1 16.1 14.3 19.5 14.6 20.0

15

0.0

0.0

2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

15

11.7

9.9

8.1

1.6

6.0

15

21.0 19.5 15.7 18.9 16.2 15.8 16.1

5.9

16

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

6.0

3.4

0.0

16

14.5

4.4

6.5

10.8

4.8

4.0

6.3

16

28.0 18.5 15.6 16.9 15.9 14.1 18.8

17

1.0

0.0

0.6

13.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

17

16.5

5.3

6.3

10.6

8.4

-0.7

6.9

17

24.0 19.9 13.6 16.6 14.6 15.0 18.8

18

2.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

10.0

0.0

0.0

18

12.6

9.7

4.7

5.9

3.1

0.4

2.3

18

21.3 19.8 15.0 14.0 12.8 15.8 20.2

19

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.6

0.0

19

13.7 10.7

6.4

0.0

0.3

3.8

3.6

19

22.0 17.8 17.1 14.0 12.5 14.3 19.5

20

0.0

0.0

10.6

0.0

0.8

0.0

1.4

20

11.9 11.0

9.3

2.6

7.6

2.5

7.4

20

21.0 20.2 16.1 15.1 16.7 17.6 16.6

21

0.0

15.6

0.0

6.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

21

8.2

11.5

4.0

6.5

1.4

1.7

1.0

21

21.0 13.8 13.8 12.3 15.0 21.5 20.0

22

0.0

10.4

0.2

2.6

3.6

0.0

0.0

22

10.4

5.4

4.7

2.9

4.3

4.4

5.5

22

23.1 16.7 15.4 11.6 12.6 16.6 26.3

23

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

4.8

0.0

23

12.2

9.0

5.7

5.5

-0.8

4.9

9.2

23

24.5 17.7 13.5 13.2 12.5 13.0 31.5

24

0.0

8.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

0.0

24

13.8

8.4

5.1

-0.7

-1.9

-0.2

7.2

24

27.5 16.7 14.2 11.3 14.3 14.5 18.0 20.6 15.4 14.2 12.6 14.9 15.1 20.0

25

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

25

16.9

9.1

6.9

6.0

1.3

5.2

4.2

25

26

2.2

1.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

26

14.2

9.4

0.1

2.5

4.5

1.2

5.2

26

18.1 16.5 15.0 16.1 18.2 16.4 22.8

27

1.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

14.4

0.6

0.0

27

4.4

2.2

5.4

2.1

8.1

9.3

5.9

27

15.7 17.1 14.6 15.5 14.9 15.4 23.9

28

0.0

7.4

0.0

0.0

3.0

8.0

0.0

28

6.6

8.9

2.1

5.1

7.6

2.5

6.2

28

18.1 17.0 14.1 18.4 13.5 13.5 25.0

29

1.8

0.2

9.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.4

29

8.2

4.2

7.9

5.1

8.4

-1.0

7.8

29

19.0 13.5 16.2 19.5 13.5 17.0 19.5

30

3.8

0.0

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

30

5.6

4.1

1.4

6.4

0.2

2.2

1.7

30

14.8 15.1 14.8 17.5 16.1 17.0 19.8

3.4

1.0

8.8

7.4

6.0

3.9

4.1

3.6

6.6

31

0.0

0.0

Total 50.9 55.6 45.8 35.6 70.8 40.6 17.4

31 Avg 12.0

0.9 7.1

5.1

31

16.7

11.8 14.0

Sprayed

Sprayed on 26/07/2016. First rain came 3 days after spray.

No large rainfall events around spray time, or before final assessment of regrowth (41 DAA= 05/09/2016). Largest rainfall event in the period 14.0mm.

26 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

20.9

Avg 22.1 18.1 15.3 14.3 14.5 16.0 20.9

ELDERS RED NOTEBOOK APP your back pocket tool

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Notes: Gives you the ability to keep a log when you don’t have a pen on hand. Includes a sketch function and ability to email.

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Download today through your app store or visit www.elders.com.au/rednotebook Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 27

HAMILTON, SA

BROADLEAF WEED CONTROL IN WHEAT

INTRODUCTION A trial was conducted near Hamilton, SA to evaluate the efficacy of existing and new chemistry on broadleaf weeds and crop safety in wheat cv. Grenade CL when applied at different timings.

Weed pressure from the targeted Radish species (Raphanus sativus) was low during the trial, with plants per m2 counts of 4.7 in the untreated plots.

Results indicate that the highest levels of radish control (%) were achieved by treatments containing Aptitude, as well as Eliminar C, Triathlon, the combination of Paradigm with MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake, Reglone with Tigrex and Ecopar with MCPA 750.

AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of existing and new chemistry on broadleaf weeds and crop safety in wheat when applied at different timings.

28 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

RESULTS Table 1: Treatment details and Radish (Raphanus sativus) control (%) at 14 days after application B (04/07/2016) Trt. No.

Treatment Name

Rate

Rate Unit

1

Untreated

2

Gangster

125

ml/ha

3

Gangster

125

LVE MCPA 570 4 5

Appl. Description

Radish control (%) 0.0

e

GS 22

31.7

d

ml/ha

GS 22

48.3

cd

330

ml/ha

GS 22

Aptitude

200

g/ha

GS 12-13

98.3

a

Aptitude

200

g/ha

GS 12-13

100.0

a

MCPA 570

330

ml/ha

GS 12-13

6

BAS704 00H

330

ml/ha

GS 22

68.3

bc

7

Artillery

60

g/ha

GS 22

83.3

ab

MCPA 750

400

ml/ha

GS 22

8

Eliminar C

750

ml/ha

GS 22

83.3

ab

9

Vortex

840

ml/ha

GS 22

58.3

c

10

Triathlon

750

ml/ha

GS 22

91.7

a

11

1502*

*

*

GS 22

36.7

d

12

1502*

*

*

GS 22

58.3

c

LVE MCPA 570

*

*

GS 22 81.7

ab

51.7

cd

6.7

e

100.0

a

98.3

a

80.0

ab

91.7

a

13 14 15 16

Velocity

670

ml/ha

GS 22

Hasten

1

%v/v

GS 22

Precept

750

ml/ha

GS 22

Hasten

1

%v/v

GS 22

Pixxaro

400

ml/ha

GS 22

Uptake

0.5

%v/v

GS 22

Paradign

25 300 0.5

g/ha

GS 12-13

ml/ha

GS 12-13

%v/v

GS 12-13

700 500

ml/ha

GS 12-13

ml/ha

GS 22

1000 1

ml/ha

GS 22

%v/v

GS 22

400 330

ml/ha

GS 22

ml/ha

GS 22

LVE MCPA 570 Uptake 17

Reglone Tigrex

18

Talinor Hasten

19

Ecopar MCPA 750

Note: Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD) *= experimental product applied at a confidential rate

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 29

HAMILTON, SA

Radish control (%) at 14 DA-B (04/07/2016) 120 100

weed control (%)

80 60 40 20 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Treatment no.

Figure 1: Radish (Raphanus sativus) control (%) at 14 days after application B (04/07/2016)

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY Phytotoxicity (Crop Safety) • Early assessments showed a significant level of phytotoxicity for areas treated with Reglone.

• A lower level of phytotoxicity was observed for Aptitude, both alone and in combination with MCPA 750 as well as areas treated with the combination of Paradigm, MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake.

• With the exception of the above treatments, no significant crop damage was recorded.

Radish (Raphanus sativus) control • The highest levels of radish control (%) were achieved by treatments containing Aptitude, as well as Eliminar C, Triathlon, the combination of Paradigm with MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake, Reglone with Tigrex and Ecopar with MCPA 750.

• Areas treated with Precept and Hasten, as well as Pixxaro and Uptake were less effective at controlling radish numbers.

• Combinations of Aptitude and MCPA 750, as well as of Paradigm with MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake both gave 100% control of the radish when assessed at 14 DA-B.

PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION Common Name: Variety: Planting Date: Planting Method: Planting Equipment: Planting Rate: Depth, Unit: Row Spacing, Unit: No. Rows: Soil Moisture: Seed Bed: Stubble Cover:

30 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

Wheat (Clearfield) Grenade CL 02/05/2016 Knife Point Presswheel Single Plot Seeder 90 kg/ha 2 cm 25 cm 5 Dry Moist 15%

MAINTENANCE No. 1

Date 02/05/2016

Product Name DAP

Description Below Seed

Rate 80.0

Rate Unit kg/ha

CHEMICAL No. 1 2 3 4 5

Date 31/05/2016 28/06/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016

Maintenance Product Name Pyrinex Super Weedmaster Roundup Hammer Deluge

Description PSPE Maintenance - GS 21-23 Pathways Pathways Pathways

Rate 1.5 2.0 3.0 40.0 200.0

Rate Unit L/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha mL/100L

APPLICATION DESCRIPTION Application Date: Application Timing:

A 31/05/2016 GS 12-13

B 20/06/2016 GS 22

A Wheat BBCH 12 12 13

B Wheat BBCH 22 22 22

CROP STAGE AT EACH APPLICATION Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: Stage Scale Used: Stage Majority, Percent: Stage Minimum, Percent: Stage Maximum, Percent:

Treatments were assessed based on the following: Notations used DA-A = Days after application of treatment A (20/06/2016) DA-B = Days after application of treatment B (04/07/2016) GS = Growing stage as per BBCH scoring system Crop Phytotoxicity A percentage level of phytotoxicity was observed at 20 DA-A and 14 DA-B. Weed counts A weed count was conducted at 20 DA-A, 14 DA-B and 37 DA-B. Results were presented as the number of plants per m2.

Percentage Weed Control A subjective score was given based on the level of weed control as compared to the untreated plots at 14 DA-B (or on 04/07/2016).

W E AT H E R D ATA Grower Season Rainfall – 1st April – 30th October = 447.8mm Annual Rainfall - January – December 30th 2016 = 602mm

Rainfall (mm)

.

2016 vs Long Term (LT) Mean Rainfall 120

600

100

500

80

400

60

300

40

200

20

100

0

Jan

Feb

Mar

2016 Monthly

Apr

May

Long Term Mean

Jun

Jul

2016 Cumulative

Aug

Sep

Oct

0

Cumulative Mean

(Source: Roseworthy AWS, SA – Bureau of Meteorology)

Growing season rainfall was above average at the site, with significantly higher than average rainfall in the months of May to October.

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 31

HAMILTON, SA

MULTI-CROP HERBICIDE MATRIX TRIAL

INTRODUCTION A trial was conducted near Hamilton, SA, in 2016, testing herbicide safety for use over “off-label” break crops including coriander, wheat, barley, canola, radish, field peas, vetch, lentils, faba beans, chickpeas and ryegrass. The trial also tested the efficacy of treatments in annual ryegrass and broadleaf weed control.

Results indicate that applying herbicides incorporated by sowing (IBS) gave greater crop safety than those applied at GS13 as the herbicides are separated from the seed. Results also highlight the strengths of weakness of each herbicide treatment, whether that is poorer weed control or reduced crop safety in certain circumstances.

AIMS To determine the suitability of experimental and existing chemistry for use over a variety of “off-label” break crops including coriander, wheat, barley, canola, radish, field peas, vetch, lentils, faba beans, chickpeas and ryegrass.

To demonstrate the efficacy of experimental and existing chemistry for annual ryegrass and broadleaf weed control.

To provide visual aids to support discussion about the strengths or weaknesses of each herbicide treatment, whether that is poorer weed control or reduced crop safety in certain circumstances.

32 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

RESULTS CROP TOLERANCE Table 1: Crop damage (%) at 103 days after treatments A and B applied (DP-1) (56 days after application of treatment C) Coriander

Wheat

Barley

Canola

Radish

Field Peas

Vetch

Lentils

Faba Beans

Untreated

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

Sakura

0

0

0

0

35

50

20

50

0

10

50

3

Arcade

0

0

0

40

10

50

0

50

0

10

10

4

Avadex Xtra

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

40

0

30

10

5

AD-AU 1311 (experimental 1)

0

80

80

20

0

0

0

0

0

0

80

6

Palmero

0

0

10

70

30

20

10

20

0

50

0

7

BAS 479 24H (experimental 2)

60

60

80

40

80

0

15

50

60

75

80

8

Paradigm Mentor LVE MCPA 570 Uptake

100

0

10

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

0

9

Rexade LVE MCPA 570

100

0

10

100

100

100

100

95

100

95

95

10

Sharpen Hasten

80

0

10

50

80

15

0

0

10

10

0

11

Pixario Uptake

100

0

10

10

60

100

100

100

95

100

0

12

Gramoxone 360 Inspire Hasten

100

100

100

100

95

100

100

100

100

100

100

13

Talinor Hasten

30

0

0

100

95

100

95

100

95

95

0

14

Vortex

80

0

0

100

100

100

100

90

100

95

0

15

Terrain Banjo oil

70

30

70

95

100

95

100

100

95

100

30

16

Ecopar BS1000

70

0

0

85

95

95

10

90

30

0

10

17

Ecopar Spinnaker

100

0

0

100

95

40

60

30

10

20

10

18

Ecopar Brodal

60

0

0

85

95

40

10

15

85

60

0

19

Sharpen Hasten

100

0

80

100

90

100

75

100

100

90

0

20

Triathlon

80

0

0

100

100

80

95

95

30

90

0

21

1502 (experimental 3)

20

0

0

100

100

100

90

100

100

95

10

Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Chickpeas Ryegrass

Note: Colour coding: Application A

IBS

>50% damage

Minimal crop tolerance of this herbicide treatment.

Application B

PSPE

11-49% damage

Moderate crop tolerance of this herbicide treatment

Application C

Foliar spray (GS13)

<10% damage

Good crop tolerance of this herbicide treatment

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 33

HAMILTON, SA

WEED CONTROL Weed control (%) at 103 DP-1 120 100

% weed control

80 60 40 20 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Treatment no.

Annual Ryegrass

Broadleaf Weeds

Figure 1: Annual Ryegrass and Broadleaf weed control (% compared to untreated check) at 103 days after treatments A and B applied (DP-1) (56 days after application of treatment C)

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY IBS and PSPE Treatments (no.’s 2-7, 10) • All treatments applied IBS (application code A) achieved ›85% control of annual ryegrass (ARG) in the trial, demonstrating how effective IBS ARG control options can be.

• Furthermore, all IBS treatments bar Avadex Xtra provided ›85% control of broadleaf weeds.

• Applying herbicides incorporated by sowing (IBS) gave greater crop safety than those applied at GS13 as the herbicides are separated from the seed.

• Sakura (treatment no. 2) caused greater than 50% damage in field peas, despite being registered for use in field peas.

• Arcade caused greater than 50% damage in Field Peas and Lentils. Although Arcade is not registered on Lentils and Field Peas it is a very similar product to Boxer Gold, which is registered in these crops. Also, Ryegrass control was very poor with Arcade, which is most likely due to a lack of crop competition.

• Palmero is only registered on chickpeas. The results show damage severity ›50% on chickpeas and poor control on other crop types where control would be expected e.g. cereals, radish and beans.

Post emergent (GS 13) Treatments (no.’s 8, 9, 11-21) • The Sharpen and Hasten mix applied PSPE (treatment no. 10) gave 45-60% control of both weed types, compared with the same mix applied at GS 13 (treatment no. 19), which showed no ryegrass control and 95% broadleaf weed control.

• The mix of Gramoxone 360, Inspire and Hasten proved very effective at damaging every species in the trial with 100% control of both weed types and 95-100% damage to all crop types.

• Aside from the Gramoxone 360, Inspire and Hasten mix (trt. No. 12), the Terrain with Banjo Oil mix (trt. No. 15) and the Vortex (trt. 14), post emergent sprays provided low level ARG control (0-30%).

• Product 1502 (Experimental 3) was not effective at controlling weeds by 103 DP-1. It was also very damaging over canola, radish and some legumes.

• In a cropping situation, higher levels of weed control would be expected as there is increased crop competition.

34 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION

CROP DESCRIPTION

Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate:

Coriander N/A 15kg/ha Quinoa * N/A 5kg/ha Wheat Mace 90kg/ha Barley Compass 75kg/ha Canola Bonito TT 4kg/ha Radish Graza 5 kg/ha Field Peas Oura 100kg/ha Vetch Timok 30kg/ha

Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Planting Date: Planting Equipment: Planting Method: Depth: Row Spacing: No. Rows: Soil Moisture: Seed Bed: Stubble Cover: Paddock History, 2015: Paddock History, 2014:

Lentils Hurricane 50kg/ha Faba Beans Samira 130kg/ha Chickpeas Monarch 130kg/ha Ryegrass Tetrone 15kg/ha 4/05/2016 Single Plot Seeder Knife Point Press Wheel 2cm 25cm 5 Moist Moist 15% Oaten Hay Oaten Hay

SITE AND DESIGN Treated Plot Width: Plot Centre: Treated Plot Length: Treated Plot Area:

1.25m 2m 2m 2.5m2

MAINTENANCE FERTILISER No. Date 1 4/05/2016

Product Name DAP

Description Below Seed

Rate 80.0

Rate Unit kg/ha

CHEMICAL No. 1 2

Date 4/05/2016 31/05/2016

Maintenance Product Name Pyrinex Super Pyrinex Super

Description PSPE Maintenance Spray

Rate 500.0 1.5

Rate Unit mL/ha L/ha

APPLICATION DESCRIPTION Application Date: Appl. Start Time: Appl. Stop Time: Application Timing: Applied By: Air Temperature, Unit: % Relative Humidity: Wind Velocity, Unit: Wind Direction: Soil Moisture: % Cloud Cover:

A 04/05/2016 8:00 AM 9:00 AM IBS JP 14.1 C 65.1 3 KPH NW Good 70

B 04/05/2016 11:30 AM 11:40 AM PSPE JP 15 C 59.9 4.5 KPH NW Good 70

C 20/06/2016 3:00 PM 4:00 PM GS 13 NA 13.5 C 74.0 5.5 KPH SW Wet 80 Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 35

HAMILTON, SA

PROTOCOL INFORMATION APPLICATION EQUIPMENT Appl. Equipment: Operation Pressure, Unit: Nozzle Type: Nozzle Size: Nozzle Spacing, Unit: Nozzles/Row: Boom ID: Boom Length, Unit: Boom Height, Unit: Ground Speed, Unit: Carrier: Spray Volume, Unit: Mix Size, Unit:

A Hand Boom 200 kPa Airmix 15 50 cm 5 HBM014 2.5 m 50 cm 5.8 kph Water 100 L/ha 2 Liters

B Hand Boom 200 kPa Airmix 15 50 cm 5 HBM014 2.5 m 50 cm 5.8 kph Water 100 L/ha 2 Liters

C Hand Boom 200 kPa Airmix 15 50 cm 5 HBM013 2.5m 50 cm 5.8 KPH Water 100 L/ha 1.5 liters

PEACE OF MIND WITH BIO-FORGE. Protect your crop early from the stress of adverse weather conditions with an easy and cost effective seed treatment application with Stollerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bio-Forge.

Maximise your returns with improved early establisment and healthy root growth.

CONTACT STOLLER ON 1800 337 845 OR TALK TO YOUR LOCAL DEALER 36 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

www.stoller.com.au

TREATMENTS Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Untreated

2

Sakura

3

Arcade

4

Avadex Xtra

5

AD-AU 1311 (experimental 1)

6

Palmero

7

BAS 479 24H (experimental 2)

8

Paradigm Mentor LVE MCPA 570 Uptake

9

Form Conc

Form Unit

Rate

Rate Unit

Appl Code

Appl Description

850

g/kg

118

g/ha

A

IBS

3

l/ha

A

IBS

500

g/L

4000

ml/ha

A

IBS

Confidential Rate

kg/ha

A

IBS

100

g/ha

A

IBS

1.8

l/ha

A

IBS

25 120 300 0.5

g/ha g/ha ml/ha % v/v

C

GS 13

750

g/kg

400 750 570

g/kg g/kg g/L

Rexade LVE MCPA 570 BS1000

g/ha ml/ha % v/v

GS 13

g/L

100 500 0.25

C

570

10

Sharpen Hasten

700 900

g/kg g/L

34 1

g/ha % v/v

B

PSPE

11

Pixario Uptake

400 0.5

ml/ha % v/v

C

GS 13

12

Gramoxone 360 Inspire Hasten

1.66 132 0.50

l/ha ml/ha % v/v

C

GS 13

13

Talinor Hasten

1 1

l/ha % v/v

C

GS 13

14

Vortex

Confidential Rate

ml/ha

C

GS 13

15

Terrain Banjo oil

500 900

g/kg g/L

180 1

g/ha % v/v

C

GS 13

16

Ecopar BS1000

20 1000

g/L g/L

800 0.2

ml/ha % v/v

C

GS 13

17

Ecopar Spinnaker

20 700

g/L g/kg

800 100

ml/ha g/ha

C

GS 13

18

Ecopar Brodal

20 500

g/L g/L

800 100

ml/ha ml/ha

C

GS 13

19

Sharpen Hasten

700 900

g/kg g/L

34 1

g/ha % v/v

C

GS 13

20

Triathlon

425

g/L

Confidential Rate

ml/ha

C

GS 13

21

1502 (experimental 3)

Confidential Rate

l/ha

C

GS 13

360 100

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 37

HAMILTON, SA

WEATHER DATA Rainfall (2016) Observations were drawn from Marrabel (Station No. - 23311) Date

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.0

2

0.0

2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

6.4

3

0.0

3.4

0.0

0.0

3.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

49.0

0.0

6

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.2

0.0

3.4

7.6

0.0

7

0.0

0.0

3.6

0.0

0.0

3.4

2.6

0.0

8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.6

5.0

0.0

0.0

9

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

3.0

0.0

0.0

10

0.0

0.0

34.0

0.0

12.0

7.6

8.0

0.0

11

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

3.2

12

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

4.6

0.0

13

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

3.4

5.0

0.0

14

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

15

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

16

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

17

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.4

0.0

0.0

18

0.0

0.0

5.0

0.0

0.0

2.0

0.0

0.0

19

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

20

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

21

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.4

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.0

22

7.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.8

1.6

0.0

23

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

6.2

0.0

24

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

14.0

0.0

0.0

25

0.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.8

0.0

2.6

0.0

26

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

31.0

0.0

2.0

0.0

27

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.0

12.6

0.0

28

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

18.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

29

4.0

0.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

30

38.0

0.0

1.0

0.2

0.0

31

5.0

0.0

Total

54.0

6.0

44.0

8.2

75.0

Cummulative

54.0

60.0

104.0

112.2

187.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

62.0

101.8

16.6

249.2

351.0

367.6

0.0

Note: 04/05/2016

Sprayed appl A (IBS) and B (PSPE)

20/06/2016

Sprayed appl C (GS 13)

Application A and B had 4 days after spray before 2 small rain events.

Application C received rain the day after spray.

The trial received adequate rainfall throughout the period and there were limited weather constraints on plant growth.

38 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

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Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 39

HAMILTON, SA

TIME OF SOWING IN WHEAT TRIAL

INTRODUCTION The trial conducted near Hamilton, SA, in 2016 was set up in a frost prone area to explore if frost damage can be avoided by manipulating sowing time and variety choice. Data was gathered on the performance of current and new varieties at different sowing times to determine the optimal time of sowing (TOS) to maximise yield.

Yields in this trial were dependant on weather conditions. TOS 1 and 2 were planted into low soil moisture however consistent rains from June until late October meant there were no moisture constraints at the site for the later part of the season. There was a significant frost event on the 14th of October that can be implicated for causing the low yields seen in TOS 2.

Results indicate that all varieties yielded best at TOS 3, followed closely by TOS1. All varieties yielded their worst at TOS 2, likely due to the frost event. Trojan, cutlass and RAC2341 lost significant yield to frost damage in TOS 2 while Mace and Sceptre appear to tolerate frost slightly better than the other varieties, shown by comparatively higher yields.

AIMS To determine if frost can be avoided through manipulation of sowing time and variety choice.

To gather data on the optimal time of sowing to maximise yield between current and new varieties.

40 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

RESULTS Table 1: Yield (t/ha) at harvest on 16/01/17 Trt. No.

Treatment Name

Rate

Unit

Appl Code

Yield (t/ha)

1

Mace

90

kg/ha

A

3.828

2

Sceptre

90

kg/ha

A

4.117

ab

3

RAC2341

90

kg/ha

A

3.433

abc

4

Trojan

90

kg/ha

A

4.293

a

5

Cutlass

90

kg/ha

A

4.024

ab

ab

6

Mace

90

kg/ha

B

3.399

abc

7

Sceptre

90

kg/ha

B

3.225

a-d

8

RAC2341

90

kg/ha

B

2.072

d

9

Trojan

90

kg/ha

B

2.216

cd

10

Cutlass

90

kg/ha

B

2.931

bcd

11

Mace

90

kg/ha

C

4.077

ab

12

Sceptre

90

kg/ha

C

3.727

ab

13

RAC2341

90

kg/ha

C

3.793

ab

14

Trojan

90

kg/ha

C

4.249

a

15

Cutlass

90

kg/ha

C

4.293

a

Note: Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD) NB: Yield (t/ha) of each variety at each time of sowing (TOS)

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For more information visit nufarm.com.au

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Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 41

HAMILTON, SA

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY • TOS 3 yielded the best of the three treatments (average 4.017 t/ha) for all varieties, followed closely by TOS 1 (average 3.939 t/ha).

TOS 2 yielded poorly in comparison (average 2.7686t/ha) for all varieties.

• Trojan, cutlass and RAC2341 had significantly poorer yields at TOS 2 than they achieved in TOS 1 and 3, where they performed very well.

• Mace and Sceptre had equivalent yields for all TOS, however they performed slightly poorer in TOS 2.

• The poor yields at TOS 2 were likely a result of the 14/10/16 frost event.

• Yields at TOS 1 were potentially stunted by the dry start at this sowing time.

PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION Common Name:

TOS 1

TOS 2

TOS 3

Wheat

Wheat

Wheat

Planting Date:

18/04/2016

2/05/2016

31/05/2016

Planting Method:

Knife Point Presswheel

Knife Point Presswheel

Knife Point Presswheel

Planting Equipment:

Single Plot Seeder

Single Plot Seeder

Single Plot Seeder

Planting Rate:

90 kg/ha

90 kg/ha

90 kg/ha

Depth, Unit:

1.5 cm

2 cm

2 cm

Row Spacing, Unit:

25

25

25

No. Rows:

5

5

5

Soil Moisture:

Dry

Dry

Dry

Seed Bed:

Dry

Moist

N/A

Stubble Cover:

15%

15%

75%

Paddock History, 2015:

Oaten Hay

-

-

Paddock History, 2014:

Oaten Hay

-

-

SITE AND DESIGN Treated Plot Width:

1.25m

Plot Centre:

2m

Treated Plot Length:

12m

Treated Plot Area:

15m2

HARVEST DETAILS Harvest Date:

16/01/2017

Harvest Width, Unit:

1.25m

Harvested Length, Unit:

10m

MAINTENANCE FERTILISER No.

Date

Product Name

Description

Rate

Rate Unit

1

22/04/2016

Sulphate of Ammonia

Topdressed

100.0

kg/ha

2

2/05/2016

Sulphate of Ammonia

Topdressed

100.0

kg/ha

3

31/05/2016

Sulphate of Ammonia

Topdressed

100.0

kg/ha

4

14/07/2016

UAN

Foliar Topdress - TOS 1 (GS 32)

100.0

L/ha

5

27/07/2016

UAN

Foliar Topdress - TOS 2 (GS 27-31)

100.0

L/ha

6

24/08/2016

UAN

Foliar Topdress - TOS 3 (GS 29-31)

100.0

L/ha

42 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

CHEMICAL No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21

Date 18/04/2016 18/04/2016 18/04/2016 18/04/2016 31/05/2016 31/05/2016 31/05/2016 31/05/2016 28/06/2016 28/06/2016 28/06/2016 28/06/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 2/09/2016 27/09/2016 20/10/2016 21/11/2016

Maintenance Product Name Weedmaster Argo Triflur X Avadex Xtra Pyrinex Super Roundup Ultra Max Triflur X Avadex Xtra Pyrinex Super Affinity Canvas 750 Lontrel Advance Weedmaster Roundup Hammer Deluge Lontrel Advance Affinity Agritone 750 Bumper 625 Soprano Bumper 625 Gladiator

Description Knockdown IBS IBS PSPE Knockdown IBS IBS PSPE Maintenance - TOS 1 (GS 31) + TOS 2 (GS21-23) Maintenance - TOS 1 (GS 31) + TOS 2 (GS21-23) Maintenance - TOS 1 (GS 31) + TOS 2 (GS21-23) Maintenance - Site Clean Pathways Pathways Pathways Maintenance - GS 29-31 Maintenance - GS 29-31 Maintenance - GS 29-31 Maintenance - GS 39-55 Maintenance - GS 39-65 Maintenance - GS 60-70 Maintenance - GS 75-90

Rate 2.0 2.0 2.0 500.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 100.0 330.0 50.0 2.0 3.0 40.0 200.0 50.0 100.0 330.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 2.0

Rate Unit L/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha L/ha L/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha mL/100L mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha L/ha

TREATMENTS Trt No.

Treatment Name

Rate

Rate Unit

Appl Code

Appl Description

1

Mace

90

kg/ha

A

T1: 18th April

2

Sceptre

90

kg/ha

A

T1: 18th April

3

RAC2341

90

kg/ha

A

T1: 18th April

4

Trojan

90

kg/ha

A

T1: 18th April

5

Cutlass

90

kg/ha

A

T1: 18th April

6

Mace

90

kg/ha

B

T2: 2nd May

7

Sceptre

90

kg/ha

B

T2: 2nd May

8

RAC2341

90

kg/ha

B

T2: 2nd May

9

Trojan

90

kg/ha

B

T2: 2nd May

10

Cutlass

90

kg/ha

B

T2: 2nd May

11

Mace

90

kg/ha

C

T3: 31st May

12

Sceptre

90

kg/ha

C

T3: 31st May

13

RAC2341

90

kg/ha

C

T3: 31st May

14

Trojan

90

kg/ha

C

T3: 31st May

15

Cutlass

90

kg/ha

C

T3: 31st May

WEATHER DATA Observations were drawn from Roseworthy AWS Station No. 23122.

(Above average rainfall for the region in 2016) Yields in this trial were dependant on weather conditions. TOS 1 emerged from a dry start in mid-late April and survived early growing stages through May in very little moisture. TOS 2 emerged alongside about 10mm of rain in early May and TOS 3, planted late May, emerged before more significant rainfall events continued throughout June and July.

There was a significant frost event on 14/10/16 that most likely caused the poor yields of TOS 2.

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 43

WARRACKNABEAL, VIC

PRE-EMERGENT & EARLY POST EMERGENT GRASS CONTROL IN WHEAT

INTRODUCTION The trial conducted near Warracknabeal, VIC in 2016 evaluated the efficacy of existing and new chemistry on grass weeds and crop safety in wheat cv. Elmore.

Herbicide application timing included incorporated by sowing (IBS) and post emergent application at growing stage 13-15.

Results indicate that product choice and timing can impact early Brome grass control and wheat yield.

AIMS Evaluate a range of new and existing herbicides to determine the most suitable chemistry and application timing to reduce early competition from grass weed numbers.

44 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

RESULTS WEED CONTROL Table 1: Weed control and count of brome grass at 6 and 27 Days after treatment B was applied (DA-B) Contol % UTC Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Untreated

2

Sakura

3 4

Appl method

Count m2

6 DA-B

27 DA-B

6 DA-B

27DA-B

0.0f

0.0g

29.3ab

24.7b

118g/ha IBS

76.7ab

80.0a

3.3ef

6.7de

Sakura

118g/ha IBS

80.0a

73.3ab

4.7ef

6.0de

Trilogy

1500ml/ha IBS

Sakura

118g/ha IBS

86.7a

70.0abc

4.7ef

4.7e

Avadex Xtra

Rate

1600ml/ha IBS

5

F4050

500ml/ha IBS

18.3e

6.7g

26.7abc

26.7b

6

F4050

750ml/ha IBS

28.3de

3.3g

18.0bcd

26.7b

7

F4050

1000ml/ha IBS

18.3e

6.7g

32.7a

40.7a

8

Boxer Gold

2500ml/ha IBS

60.0bc

43.3ef

6.7def

16.0bcd

Trilogy

1500ml/ha IBS

Defiant

2500ml/ha IBS

58.3c

49.5def

15.3cde

22.0bc

Trilogy

1200ml/ha IBS

Triflur X

2000ml/ha IBS

70.0abc

53.3c-f

5.3def

12.0cde

Avadex Xtra

3000ml/ha IBS 71.7abc

66.7a-d

1.3f

6.0de

75.0abc

60.0b-e

3.3ef

8.7de

20.0e

55.0c-f

24.0abc

11.3cde

30.0de

38.3f

30.7ab

25.3b

38.3d

63.3a-d

31.3a

10.0de

35.0de

60.0b-e

30.7ab

6.0de

LSD

16.90

17.32

12.82

11.06

CV

21.15

22.75

45.91

41.89

9 10 11 12 13

Sakura

2000ml/ha IBS

Boxer Gold

2500ml/ha IBS

Avadex Xtra

2000ml/ha IBS

Atlantis OD Hasten

14 15

16

118g/ha IBS

Avadex Xtra

330ml/ha GS 13-15 1% v/v GS 13-15

Crusader

500ml/ha GS 13-15

BS1000

0.25% v/v GS 13-15

Rexade

100g/ha GS 13-15

LVE MCPA 570

500ml/ha GS 13-15

BS1000

0.25% v/v GS 13-15

Monza

25g/ha GS 13-15

Bonza

1% v/v GS 13-15

Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05,LSD) %UTC= percent relative to untreated check

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 45

WARRACKNABEAL, VIC

Weed Control % UTC at 27 DA-B 90 80 70

Control % UTC

60 50 40 30 IBS

20

GS 13-15

10 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Treatment no.

Figure 1: Weed control % UTC at 27 DA-B

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46 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

13

14

15

16

YIELD Table 2: Crop Yield at Harvest Trt. No.

Treatment Name

1

Untreated

2

Sakura

3

Rate

Appl method

Yield t/ha

Treatment cost ($/ha)

3.80gh

0

118g/ha IBS

4.83a-e

$55

Sakura Trilogy

118g/ha IBS 1500ml/ha IBS

4.57b-f

$68

4

Sakura Avadex Xtra

118g/ha IBS 1600ml/ha IBS

5.09ab

$78

5

F4050

500ml/ha IBS

3.88gh

$84

6

F4050

750ml/ha IBS

4.03fgh

$84

7

F4050

1000ml/ha IBS

3.60h

$84

8

Boxer Gold Trilogy

2500ml/ha IBS 1500ml/ha IBS

4.07fgh

$44

9

Defiant Trilogy

2500ml/ha IBS 1200ml/ha IBS

4.40c-g

$36

10

Triflur X Avadex Xtra

2000ml/ha IBS 3000ml/ha IBS

4.36d-g

$61

11

Sakura Avadex Xtra

118g/ha IBS 2000ml/ha IBS

4.66a-f

$84

12

Boxer Gold Avadex Xtra

2500ml/ha IBS 2000ml/ha IBS

4.82a-e

$60

13

Atlantis OD Hasten

330ml/ha GS 13-15 1% v/v GS 13-15

4.87a-d

$43

14

Crusader BS1000

500ml/ha GS 13-15 0.25% v/v GS 13-15

4.20e-h

$39

15

Rexade LVE MCPA 570 BS1000

100g/ha GS 13-15 500ml/ha GS 13-15 0.25% v/v GS 13-15

5.25a

$44

16

Monza Bonza

25g/ha GS 13-15 1% v/v GS 13-15

5.01abc

$14

LSD CV

0.656 8.81

Note: Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05,LSD) t/ha= tonne per hectare Treatment costs ($/ha) are an indication only.

Experimental treatments have been priced equal to the most expensive treatment in the trial.

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 47

WARRACKNABEAL, VIC

Figure 2: Crop Yield at Harvest (t/ha) and return on investment ($) for each treatment compared to the Untreated

Wheat yield (t/ha) and ROI ($/ha) compared to untreated 6 $182

5

Yield (t/ha)

4

$290

$219 $101 -$65 -$31

$0

-$130

$18

$102

$114

$175

$203

$68

$265

$53

3 2 1 0

IBS GS 13-15 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Treatment no.

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY In this trial: • Low levels of phytotoxicity were observed at 27 DA-B for the combination of Monza and Bonza, but these were not significant.

All treatments were safe to apply to the wheat crop under the conditions of the trial.

• Early assessments showed treatments containing Sakura, as well as Avadex Xtra in combination with Trifluralin and Boxer Gold gave high levels of early brome grass control. These treatments continued to be the most effective and provided low brome grass numbers when assessed at 27 DA-B. • The post emergent treatments of Rexade plus LVE MCPA 570 with BS1000 and Monza plus Bonza were both effective at controlling brome grass by 27 DA-B. • F4050 gave a low level of early brome grass control, but was ineffective by 27 DA-B. • Treatments of Sakura plus Avadex Xtra, Rexade plus LVE MCPA 570 with BS1000, and Monza plus Bonza all gave yields of over 5 t/ha, compared to 3.8 t/ha for the untreated control.

• Treatments containing F4050 did not give any yield increase when compared with the untreated control.

PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION Common Name:

Wheat

Variety:

Elmore

Planting Date:

23/05/2016

Planting Method:

Knifepoint Press Wheel

Planting Equipment:

Single Plot Agronomy Seeder

Planting Rate:

80 kg/ha

Depth, Unit:

2 cm

Row Spacing, Unit:

23 cm

No. Rows:

6

Soil Moisture:

Moist

Seed Bed:

Moist

Stubble Cover:

15

Paddock History, 2015:

Lentils

48 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site

SITE AND DESIGN Treated Plot Width:

1.38 m

Plot Centre:

2m

Treated Plot Length:

12 m

Treated Plot Area:

16.56 m2

HARVEST DETAILS Harvest Date:

12/1/2017

Harvest Width, Unit:

1.38 m

Harvested Length, Unit:

10 m

MAINTENANCE Date

Maintenance Product Name

Rate

Rate Unit

23/05/2016

Croplift 19

80.0kg/ha

Below seed

23/05/2016

Sprayseed

2.5L/ha

Knockdown

27/08/2016

Roundup

3.0L/ha

Pathways

27/08/2016

Hammer

40.0mL/ha

Pathways

27/08/2016

Deluge

200.0mL/ha

Pathways

01/09/2016

Urea

100.0kg/ha

Topdress- GS 31

Application Timing

Application Date

Treatment A

IBS

23/05/2016

Treatment B

GS 13-15

28/06/2016

T R E ATM E N T S W E R E A S S E S S E D B A S E D O N T H E F O LLO W I N G : Notations Used UTC = untreated check DA-B = Days after treatment B GS = Growing stage as per BBCH scoring system Crop Phytotoxicity A percentage level of phytotoxicity was observed for each treatment at 6 and 27 DA-B. Percentage control A subjective score was given based on the level of weed control as compared to the untreated control plots at 6 and 27 DA-B. Weed Count The number of weeds from a 1m2 sample was counted within four replicate treatment plots and the resulting numbers converted to a number of plants per square meter.

Yield Weights of crop at harvest were recorded at kg/plot, then converted to t/ha.

Return on Investment Treatment yield (t/ha) was multiplied by the 2016/2017 Wheat bid price at Warracknabeal silos of $230.00/t to give a gross income ($/ha). The treatment cost was then subtracted from this gross income figure to give an indication dollar return ($/ha) for each treatment. Finally, the dollar return from the untreated control was subtracted from each treatmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dollar return in order to compare the difference between treating and not treating the plot.

Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 49

WARRACKNABEAL, VIC

W E AT H E R D ATA Grower Season Rainfall – 1st April – 30th October = 383.7mm Annual Rainfall - January – December 30th 2016 = 484mm

2016 vs Long Term (LT) Mean Rainfall 160

500

140

450 400

Rainfall (mm)

120

350

100

300

80

250 200

60

150

40

100

20

50

0

Jan

2016 Monthly

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Long Term Mean

Jun

2016 Cumulative

(Source: Warracknabeal Museum, VIC – Bureau of Meteorology)

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Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Cumulative Mean

0