Photography / Yeison

THE MOST POWERFUL VISUAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

THE MOST POWERFUL VISUAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

THE MOST POWERFUL VISUAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

YEISON C. HURTADO G.

CONTENTS

Introduction............................................... 8 Early history of the camera.................... 10 Popularization............................................ 12 Colour process........................................... 14 Development of digital photography.... 16 Credits.......................................................... 18

INTRODUCTION

Photography began in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles Camera obscura image projection and the observation that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light. There are no artifacts or descriptions that indicate any attempt to capture images with light sensitive materials prior to the 18th century (with the arguable exception of a possibly photographic process used to create the mysterious shroud of Turin).

EARLY HISTORY OF THE CAMERA

A natural phenomenon, known as camera obscura or pinhole image, can project a (reversed) image through a small opening onto an opposite surface.

This principle may have been known and used in prehistoric times. The earliest known written record of the camera obscura is to be found in Chinese writings called Mozi, dated to the 4th century BCE. Until the 16th century the camera obscura was mainly used to study optics and astronomy, especially to safely watch solar eclipses without damaging the eyes. In the later half of the 16th century some technical improvements were developed: a (biconvex) lens in the opening (first described by Gerolamo Cardano in 1550) and a diaphragm restricting the aperture (Daniel Barbaro in 1568) gave a brighter and sharper image.

POPULARIZATION

The daguerreotype proved popular in response to the demand for portraiture that emerged from the middle classes Ultimately, the photographic process came about from a series of refinements and improvements in the first 20 years. In 1884 George Eastman, of Rochester, New York, developed dry gel on paper, or film, to replace the photographic plate so that a photographer no longer needed to carry boxes of plates and toxic chemicals around.

COLOUR PROCESS

A practical means of color photography was sought from the very beginning.

Results were demonstrated by Edmond Becquerel as early as the year of 1848, but exposures lasting for hours or days were required and the captured colors were so light-sensitive they would only bear very brief inspection in dim light.

The first durable color photograph was a set of three black-and-white photographs taken through red, green, and blue color filters and shown superimposed by using three projectors with similar filters.

DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

In 1957, a team led by Russell A. Kirsch at the National Institute of Standards and Technology developed a binary digital version of an existing technology The charge-coupled device (CCD) is the image-capturing optoelectronic component in first-generation digital cameras. It was invented in 1969 by Willard Boyle and George E. Smith at AT&T Bell Labs as a memory device. The lab was working on the Picturephone and on the development of semiconductor bubble memory. Merging these two initiatives, Boyle and Smith conceived of the design of what they termed "Charge 'Bubble' Devices". The essence of the design was the ability to transfer charge along the surface of a semiconductor.

CREDITS