Έκθεση πραγματογνωμοσύνης(Καρώνης)

Ap AHMHTPIOE KAPQNHE - KAOHTHTHE EONIKO METEOBIO HOAYTEXNEIO EXOAH XHMIKQN MHXANIKQN EPTAETHPIO TEXN0A0FIAE KAYEIMON KAI AITIANTIKQN HPQQN HOAYTEXNEIOY 9, 157 80 ZQFPA(DOY THA: 210- 772 3825, 772 3143 FAX: 210- 7723 163 email: dkaronis@central.nhia.gr

ZwypetcPou 8/5/2025 Ilpoc: Ecl)tTrl — AVOKOLT6 Acipioac K. Ecorripio MrtaKattni 041a: Ynol3oAri IlpaypaToyvwpocrov rig \act To Auo-rOxrip.a TWV TEWIWV AktoTtliE K. E4)ETI1 — AVOKOLTat Eac uno136.XAw npoc Triv npaypaToyvwpootivn yta To TpayiKO Sucrukriva nou 06nynoE grov co56KriTo eavaTo 57 avapcbrEwv To 80.6u Trlc 28^, CDE8pouapiou 2023. H npayµaToyvwpocsinn avargenKE 1.1£tr Aidt-Egg Atoptcyµo6 4/2024 (Aptepoc Amoypa4)iac: C12023/49ce(E14-23/3)). ME ExTivrion,

A p. ptoc Kap Kam/rick, MEX0c TOU lupPouitiou A1.0[KriOric TOU Emn

npayliatoyvwp.oaUvri GE ATECXVT11011 Trig Aioa*ic ALopLailo6 4/2024 (Apt.eliac ALKoypackiac: 0202:3/49a1(EF4-23/3)) arca TOV Eck -ur-lAvapixei AatplOCtc K. IwinpLo Mac:ma:pr.-1

luv-cdocrnc: Arip.ntpioc Kcxpthvng, KaOuning EMEI

Aerjva, Wong 2025

A4)1EOWVETal urn 11Velpri TWV OlOWWV eUpOTWV TOU rpayiKoo Sucyruxnµctroc Trig 28% 003pouapiou 2023

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2.9.

2.10.

1 1 1 1 5 6 6 7 8 9 11 11 12 13 13

2.8.2.

AiaiiErpoc 116pivng 141aipac

13

2.8.3.

AiapKEialliipivric 4aipac

14

2.8.4.

Ma Kaucii.tou nou EiiraiKErai

14

2.8.5.

EKREI.inovEvn 0EpinKri AKrivol3oXia

15

2.8.6.

Oicrri Trig ilopivrIc Ickaipac

15

2.8.7.

EuvrEXEorric Ototoric

15

2.8.8.

AiartEparorrira Trig Arpoockaipac

16

AuvaviKo MovriXo Ixtji.ia flópivqc bcPatpac 2.9.1.

16 16 16

2.9.2.

Mga TOU Ei.iniieKop.Evou Kauoiiiou

2.9.3.

At.apKaa Trig flOpevqçIcl)ctipa.c

17

2.9.4.

AiotiiErpoc Kai Oton Trig 116pivng Eckaipac

17

2.9.5.

EKnEknoilEvn Oepplai AKrivorioXia

18

2.9.6.

IUVTEXEOTtIc Otaoric

19

2.9.7.

Aicumparornra roc Ariniockaipac

19

116pivEc 14)aipec ano EKvEtlx.biAara YypWv EKvE(1)Wilara Irotyoviaiwv 2.10.1. 2.10.2.

Obrivia EN 60079-10-1 via EKpriKructc AriA6ockaipEc

2.11. At.a.6iKaoiEc YnoXoyiolio6 EKponc Yypoo alto Aoxeio 2.11.1. 1ia6iKaoia YnoNoviain;Jv TNO 2.11.2.

AiabiKacia YnoNovioi.ithv ADAM

KEctiaiNaio 3 'EXaia MeraoxriparLomb v 3.1. Xq.tEioAvthXEr1c 3.2. 3.3. MOVWT1Ket YXI.K6 MErctoxnparior6v —Ixnpariowic AEpiwv 'EXaia EuliiKovric 3.4. 3.5. AlTi£c ExnpaTiolioo AEpiwv GE MET0t0)(rillanatec 3.5.1. ()Epinal Anomivecori rou EXatou

19 19 21 24 24 26 29 29 30 30 31 31 32

3.5.2.

Xn µmt.) An000v0Eori IOU EXaiou

32

3.5.3.

0Epi11Kri ATIOCioVOEC711 KurrapivoUxou YXt.Koo

33

3.6. 3.7.

3.8.

3.5.4.

Anoo6vecon Xoyw MEpikrjc Do:Optiorig

34

3.5.5.

Auionaan alto HXErrptKo Toko

34

AvacOXEkii.totrita EXaiwv ItXtkovng °Epinal A7101K054111011 TWV floXubLi.iceuXoot.Xokavi.wv 3.7.1. AnonoXu1.1Eptai..toc

35 36 36

3.7.2.

Avtiopaari Tuxalac AtaanaorIc

37

3.7.3.

Kulatid ALµEeuXpoiXof,avta

37

3.7.4.

Kat5ori lloXubt.11E0uXoptikokaviwv

40 42 42

Epyaolec Wv Kat5oric EXaiwv ItXt.kovric 3.8.1. AoKii* AvactiXEkric tE CDOoKo 'amp 3.8.2. EpyaotripLaKic Aoxivic EXtyxou AVeabitEkric tE Entflan Tokou 3.8.3.

AoKti.tig nE6i.ou EXiyxou Ava4Ackl1C

46

EITIPDXel TokOU

50

KEW= 4 4.1. Apwvattgoi.Y6poyovavepaKEc 4.1.1. Movoapwpat1Koi.Y6poyovavepaKcg 4.1.2. Ixnpaticrwic Movoapwitatimiiv Y6poyovavepakwv GE Euver*c Kationg

56 56 56 58

4.1.3.

110XU KU KAM°1. AOC° paTI.K01 YopoyovavepaKEc

4.1.4. Kaoanc 4.1.5.

Xxliliattapoc 110AU KU KA 1KCIJV ApWpaTI.K6JV Y6poyovavepaKwv GE luverIKEc

61

62 ilapouala Movoapwµatimbv YopoyovavepecKwv o-ro'EbacOg

4.1.6. METaK[VI1011 EuXoXiou GTO t6a(1)0c 4.2. "AXXec Opyaviktc Evc.boac 4.2.1. Kap3ovuX1xtg Evcboac 4.2.2. Dotolintg arta Ka6on floX4LEpcbv 4.3. 11000TLKOTIOisiori Dotolmthv fano Kaoori 4.4. ntritt.kic OpyaVIXic EV6JOElc GTO "E6a(1)0c 4.5. 'OpLa Pintwv OTO tbackoc KEckdthaio 5 5.1. AE tyµawl tp — AE tyµam 5.2. KatrwopiEc EVthCIEWV 5.3. Iuvorttmic ExoXi.aapoc ATCOTEXEOpaTWV 5.3.1. Advi.tata ipãc EMn 12

70 77 79 80 82 86 89 91 97 97 98 99 99

5.3.2.

AEI.vpata IEt.pdg EMn 42

100

5.3.3.

AELyvata Eapag Emn 51

102

5.3.4.

Advi.tata IELpag Emn 12

102

5.3.5.

AEtvi.tata lEipac Emn 13

102

5.3.6.

AEiwata lapag Emn 17

104

5.3.7.

AEtyvata lac:* Emn 23

107

5.3.8. 5.3.9.

AEtyliata letpac Emn 25 AEiyvata lapac EMn 33

107 107

5.3.10.

5.4.

Movoapwilattkoi YopavovavepakEc ora AELytiata floXuliEpWv 108 AnavtriGE ic ata EpWTnµata 109 5.4.1. Ewanµa 1: ALKatoXovoovtatTa Eupeglata TWV ma/VA:Fmk/ TOUIEVI.KOP XrillEtOU TOU Kpatoug (I.X.K.) alto try iSta Tr) aoataari TWV UXI.KWV TWV 6E1ypaTWV1TOU avaXoenKav; 109

Eixbrrlµa 2: ALKatoXoyoUvrai ra eupnliaTa TWV aVeal EWV TOU rEV1KOO Xrwei.ou rou Kpetroug (r.x.K.) ano ra cOopoXoyma Kai Xout6t aroixeia-tyypactm 5.4.2.

110 ckop-aoaric Trig eintopuajc aliakooroixiac; 5.4.3. Einbrrip.a 3: AucatoXoyoovraira euprivara TWV aVOU\oGEWV TOU rEVI.K06 X111.1ELOU TOU Kpeaoug (r.x.K.) ano Ta UX1Ket KaTaGKEUric TWV ouyKpouoeeiothv 111 erariaraliadiv, ckoprapaktbv Kal riXEKTpa1.10.6JV; Epcircri µa 4: ALKaioXoyoUvrat tctEupni.tcact TWV avcOtooewv TOU rEV1K06 XtitlEi.OU TOU KpaTOUc (r.x.K.) otms ifl ciooraori KW. ra eiLiKorepa xaparcrIpLarixa IOU 5.4.4.

EXCtiOU (CralKoVric) & t rç TWV peraaxnuarionbv (M/1) TWV riXEKTpallakt;JV TWV 112 ouyKpouoeackbv apt,Aocrcoixidiv; Epiorrilia 5: IE TI Kara rriv yvthµr1 TOU 044)ERETal TO Kcaotypacktv anO rig 5.4.5. Kauepec ct.aivouevo «ruipivrIc ockaipac» ((<fireball») Kca 1.1E nom praaviopo EK5rikberIKE aura;

112

Epcbrnuot 6: Elva' Suva:En ri Kakm IOU EXOtiOU (MX1KoVric) lPtAtic TWV ueraoxri parLaTeuV (M/1) TWV rIXEKrpauaktbv TWV ouyKpouaeflocbv atiako0T01)(16)V; EaV 122 Val, UTIo TtOlEc ouvOnKec; 5.4.6.

KEcketAato 1 1.1. Etaaywyri H rtapoUoa avcabopti ITEptita4r3avEt Triv rTpaypaToyvwµooOvn via To TpaytK6 SuorUxnµa rtoo cruvOn crag 28-02-2023 ornv rtEptoxn TWV TEUTKini, &Lou ouyKpoUcrcrwav 66o avakoorot.xiEc Kat ei.xE tog artorAEotta toy ct66KnT0 eavaro 57 ErtiPatvoviwv. H avdt0Eon Trig rtpavµaToyvwµooOvng \nye in atarakn Atoptoµo6 4/2024 (Apt** AtKovpatiotac: 0)2023/49a(E14-23/3)) and, TOV Ecktrn Avaxpan Aaptcrac K. Icorripio MrtaKall..tn crag 15-032024. Zug 21-03-2024 arcEo-cduNn oTov Ilporavn too EMn KaenynTn lwatvvn Xar4p/Ewpvi.ou To tic An 103/21-03-2024 CF)(ETI.Ko ewpacko Evnµtpwcinc CrXETIKet 1.1E rn 6tat5tKaola opKwpooktc EVC;JTU.OV AVOK01:0 IOU flOWT061.KEI.OU. H Cr)(ETIK6 Sta&Kaota rcpctyp.arorcotnOnKE OTO npUTC061.KE1.0 AenV6JV °Tic 01-04-2024. 1.2. AVTILKEillEVO Vic npayiurroyvuogoot)vqc Ortwc avatt•gpErctt arn Aidactkn Atoptop.00 4/2024, TO OVTLKE1.1.1EVO Trig rtpayparovvwµocrovng (gay n anew-mon ora aK6X00ea Epwrnpara: 1) AtKateAovotivTat TO Eup61.1aTa TWV avoult)aEwv TOU 1EVLKOO XrwEl.ou TOU Kpdtroug (r.x.K.) alto Try 1.61.ct Tn ouaTaon TWV oAiKthv TWV SELVIATWV TtOU avaA6OnKav; 2) AtKatoitovouvrat ra EupnvaTa TWV avaAticrEwv too IEVIKOU XrwEi.ou TOU Kpdtrouc (1.X.K.) and) ra tkopo?tovuoi Kat Xotildt o1oixEi.a4vypa4a cOoprwang TrIc EprloptKric apakocruoixtac; 3) AtKctioAoyo(vrat ra Eupnixtra TWV avcatiaEwv TOU 1EVI.K06 X111.1ELOU TOU KpaToug (r.x.K.) alto ra &twat KaraaKEueic rwv auyKpouo0Et.cFcbv Eru.Baravaktbv, cOopTallaktbv Kat niteKTpapacbv; 4) AtKatcaoyoUvrat TO Eupripara TWV avctXticrEwv TOU rEVILKOO Xnµeiou TOU Kpecuoug (r.x.K.) and) Tn crt5aTaan Kat ra et&Korepa xapaKTnpurcutot TOU EX01.0U (OUNIKOVric) ti)UkrIc TWV 1.1ET00)(111.10T1.0TCbV TWV HXEKTpauakeov TWV cruyKpoucleac(bv ap.akoCTE01)(1.6N; 5) 1E TiKardt TriV yvol4.11TOU 04)E1AET01. TO KaTctypad)ev curio rig KetµEpEc tOctivoµcvo ontiptvng actictipac» («fireball») Kai I.1E nom prixavtoµ6 eK6nXtbenKE auto; TWV 6) Elva]. SuvccE6 n KatiOrl TOU EACEI.OU (012u.K6Vric) iJ qc TWV veraaxwart.oviw FREKTpayaktbv Twv cruyKpouo0Etotbv apakoorot.xubv; Edtv vat, urto rtotEc ouvenKES; 7) va ertionithvEt - urcobEika 6,Tt aiNAO NZ/EVE!. POOEL TWV EITIOT111.10V1.N;JV TOU yvtbcsEwv Kat TWV 61.0.TUCTC6n3E6JV TOL/ wc anintvTLKo. Try otato)tovnOvn arcdtv-cnon ETCI. TWV EOWTIVOTWV aurci)v Kai Tic ETILOrWaVOEK UTIO6Ei.kEtc TOU 0 EV A6VW 51.00109E1.c npayttaToyvtbµovac Oa TEEpaetfla OTI1V EKOE011-VVW1.106600ri TWO Oa ouvrakEt. Eyypacktoc Kat Oa Karaetoet voµ1.1.1wc.

(mg)

(mg)

1.3. YALK6 To UA.I.Ko TtOU artEordan artó rn rpal.11.10TEio too EkETI1 AvaKpurn via va µEXErneEi Kat va AnclAki urtatlin can oUvictkn Trig npayparovvwµocrOvng OTIOTUITC0VETai can ouvxEta. • Eric 11-04-2024 artecrrean 1.thow courier To avackspovevo crrnv Atdaakti Amoy:41mi uXuai, nrot: • To 1.1E All 2179_0).706.12/23-03-2023 iyypactio Trig AlllYN Adtptoac lIE 8 .ta "OptoµOc Ilpantarovv4tova-wv", n 14/24-03-2023 napayvaia TOU EitETrl AvaKpan Adtptcrac rcpoc tn xninKn Ynnpasia Adtptcrac Kat TO i All EMn 12/10-05-2023 gyypacOo Trig B X.Y. Aenvcbv TOU rEVIKOU X111.1E100 too KOOTOUg 1.1E 041a: "EK0E0Eic Wrctong 5ELVI.letTWV TIOU EX64)8naav Karorttv too An 14/24-03-2023 kyypact.o too Eiterciou Adtptoac" • To pe All Emn 27/30-06-2023 eyypacbo Trig B X.Y. A8r1V(.;)V TOU 1EVI.KOU XtwEiou TOU KpetTouc 1.1E 04ta "ArtavrnuEtc cre cpwintiaTa too EckETEI.OU Aaptoac" Kai To 1.1E All 110/27-6-2023 gVypacto TOU Eit•gtn AvaKpan Adtpusac

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-

• To µE An Emn 30/28-07-2023 ;!.yypot o trig B X.Y. AenvWv rou 1EVIKOO "IpEIOU TOU Kparouc 1.1E etpa HATIaVT11Gri GE Epthrnµa TIOGOTLK07101nOTIc uXoXiou tai µE TO alto 25-07-2023 µnvuµa nXEKtpoviKoo raxuSpoµEi.ou TOU ALKa071K015 npayµaroyvthµova AnootoXou BaotAaKou Kai n arca 28-07-2023 outdo/Trion csE auto • To pE An Emn 43/13-10-2023 ilyypail)o trig B X.Y. Aenvthv TOU IEV1K0ii )(ripEtOU TOU K0E-mug µE Otµa "Anootan avrtypactowv npwroyevthv 5E600VWV" Kal TO pE An 169/13-10-2023 tyypactio TOU Eotin AvaKpurn Aapioac • H p.c An 136/7-8-2023 napaygMa npoc Tn Xnµixn YnnpEcila Aapicsac, Toile An EMn 30/18-8-2023 gyypcal)o Trig XnµiKng YnnpEoi.ac Adpiciac µE ep.a "An LP n AELyµarwv nou ack.opoOv GTO GiSnpoSpopiKo suo-rOxnpot", n 1.LE An 142/21-08-2023 napayy€Xia TOU Ecktrn AvaKpirn Adtpioac, np.c An 167/02-10-2023 napayyaia rou E4)Ern AvaKpurn Mots:mg, TO pE An Emn 39/05-09-2023 Eyypactio trig XnµiKnc YnnpEolac Aapiciac pE Oiµa "AciyµataniDia nacrrnpiwv nou ail)opoov pro cnonpoSpoµuai Suoroxnµa" pE GUVrippiVa TO µE An 1019/21/1-K/31-08-2023 Eyypaci)o tou -Willa-cog Tpoxaiac Aapioac Kai TO ono 30-08-2023 µnvuµa nXEKtpoviKo6 taxuSpoµdou, ri pE An 173/2410-2023 napayyEXia TOU E4leT11 Avaxpirn Aapioac, to pE An Emn 48/02-10-2023 Eyypactio Trig XnµiKric YnnpEoiac Adpiciac p.c eiva "Armor°Xn npwroK6XXou AElypaTOXiliPiac KaraoxEµivwv TIE LOTripiWV", TO arra 03-10-2023 anoSELKTI.Ko napa5oonc-napaXa13nc, TO pE: An Emn 55/26-10-2023 t yypact.o trig XruliKnc unnpEoiac Aapioac µE Otµa "Anocruan npwroKok\ou AEiyµaroXntVac 1-14/25-102023", to p.c All 1019/21/1-pn'/28-09-2023 kyypacko TOU Tµnµatoc Tpoxatac Aapiaac µE TO pE An 9001/13/1909-e/30-09-2023 t yypaito TOU Tµnµaroc EyanµaroXoyiKthv EpEuvWv Aapioac, TO pE An Emn 51/22-11-2023/16-01-2024 Eyypc143.0 -mg B X.Y AenvWv µE Otµa "Mk:Fag Ektraong 5ElypolTWV /IOU Oin4)0110aV Katoniv TWV pE An 136/7-8-2023 Kai 142/21-08-2023 EyypOwv TOU EckETEIGU Aapiciac", TO pE An Emn 42/13-10-2023/21-12-2023 yypci.(1)o plc B X.Y. Aonvi.bv "EkegGEic Ektrotang saywiTwv KataaxElAbwv IIELGTrip(WV TIOU EX0erlOaV Karorav rwv pE An 136/07-08-2023 Kai 142/21-08-2023 Eyypackwv rou atiEreiou Aapioac" • To 1.1E An EMn79/30-01-2024 tyypacOo trig EA.Y.T 0EocsaXoviKric µE Eltµa "Aia1343aon Xoyw appoSiornrac", TO pE An EMn3/7-02-2024 yypotO TOU Autotaok Tµnµcrroc XriplKOTEXVI.Kric Aa0p0X00.0U pE eoot "Anâviro ac yypackso -mg EXEyKrimic YruipEcnac TEXwvEiwv 0Epow\oviKric", to pE An MOEKA A115900EE 2024 EMn/08-022024 Eyypacpo rou A' Tµnµaroc tnc ALEUeuvang AaoµoXoyiKWv 0Eµarwv, EiSuabv Ka0EGT6JTWV Kai altak\ayLbV Kai n µE An 11/23-01-2024 napayyaia TOU RIAU' AVOtKplTij Aapioac. npayµccroyvwµociovng TWV AMSGTOXOU BotaikiKou Kai • 1° ---------1 nA 'Wm -K-E0r1 6 A EraOpou MnarOnouXou Kai oi acne) 21-08-2023 SiopethoEic Eni tng axe) 19-06-2023 EKOEGilc Ttpaypurcovvwpaiivric; TWV KK. AlloOTOXOU Baou\etKou Kai Ircuipou MnatOnOUAOU • To pE An 1898_0.706.6 tyypacko TOU AvaKprriKoO ipackEinu trig AlnYN Adtpicrac pE eEpa "YROPOM "EKOEGric ATarjc AUT011) lac" • To pE An 5785_CD.706.7/06-07-2023 tyypactio rou AvaKpitiKoU IpackEiou tng AlnYN Aapiciac 1.1E etpa "YITOilan luiiraripwparialc 'EK0Eong Autotpiac Kai AiEpEuvriong Arru.bv nupKayiac" Kai n pE An 12/23-03-2023 napayyEXia TOU E4)Ern AvaKpern Aapioac • n -LVTEOXIVITIKo UALK6 Kal aVdti\UCFri Soo 3IVTE0 TIOU aTIOTUTILbVOUV try poyKpouon GE Kapt • H µE An 97/12-06-2023 napayydda TOU EcIATI1 AvaKpurn Aapioac Kai TO pE An 33052/23/T10/12-06-2023 tyypacim Trig Hellenic Train - AvWvuµn EiSnpoSpopuxn EraipEla

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C.J.H. van den Bosch, R.A.P.M. Weterings (Editors): "Methods for the calculation of physical effects — due to releases of hazardous materials (liquids and gases) — 'Yellow Book'", CPR 14E, 3r4 Edition, The Hague, 2005, https://publications.tno.nl/publication/34634119/Q1Kv78/TNO-2005-yellow.pdf William E. Martinsen, Jeffrey D. Marx: "An Improved Model for the Prediction of Radiant Heat from Fireballs" 1999 International Conference and Workshop on Modeling Consequences of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Materials, San Francisco, California, September 28 - October 1, 1999, https://proceedings.aiche.org/conferences/internatona l-conference-and-workshop-on-modeling-andng/paper/improved-model-prediction-radiantmitigation-consequences-accidenta heat-fireballs R.F. Cracknell and A.J. Carsley: "Cloud Fires - A Methodology for Hazard Consequence Modelling", ICHEME Symposium Series No. 141, 1997, pp. 139-150, https://www.icheme.org/media/10325/xiii-paper-13.pdf TNV BLEV (Fireball) Theory Review & Validation, 2023 - 12 -

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Simon Gant, Richard Bettis, Simon Coldrick, Graham Burrell, Roger Santon Brian Fullam, Kyriakos Mouzakitis, Anthony Giles, Philip Bowen: Area classification of flammable mists: summary of joint-industry project findings', Proceedings Institute of Chemical Engineers, Hazards 26, Edinburgh, UK, 2016, https://www.icheme.org/media/11775/haza rds-26-paper-38-area-classification-of-flammable-mistssummary-of-joint-industry-project-findings.pdf - 20-

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Shuai Yuan, Chenxi Ji, Haitian Han, Yue Sun, Chad V. Mashuga: "A review of aerosol flammability and explosion related incidents, standards, studies, and risk analysis", Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 146, (2021), pp. 499-514, doi:10.1016/j.psep.2020.11.032 EN 60079-10-1Explosive atmospheres - Part 10-1: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmospheres, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, Brussels, 2014 - 21 -

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Bernd Christian, Armin Glaser: " The behavior of different transformer oils relating to the generation of fault gases after electrical flashovers", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 84, (2017), pp. 261-266, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.06.007 Alcebiades Rangel Bessa, Jussara Farias Fardin, Patrick Marques Ciarelli and Lucas Frizera Encarnacao: "Conventional Dissolved Gases Analysis in Power Transformers: Review", Energies, 16, (2023), 7219, doi:10.3390/en16217219 Michel Duval: "The Duval Triangle for Load Tap Changers, Non-Mineral Oils and Low Temperature Faults in Transformers", IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 24, 6, (2008), pp. 22-29, doi:10.1109/ME1.2008.4665347 Osama E. Gouda, Salah H. El-Hoshy, Hassan H. El-Tama ly: " Proposed heptagon graph for DGA interpretation of oil transformers", IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 12, 2, (2018), pp. 490-498, doi: 10.1049/ietgtd.2017.0826 C. Schutt, I. Atanasova-Hohlein: "Solubility Coefficierts and Their Importance for the Analysis of Dissolved Gases in Insulating Liquids", IEEE ElectricalInsulation Magazine, 38, (2021) pp. 24-29, doi:10.1109/MEI.2022.9648266 -31-

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IEEE Std C57.146.2005, IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Silicone-Immersed Transformers, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue. New York. NY 10016.5997, USA, 2005, ISBN 0-7381-4831-8 Hideyuki Miyahara, Akira Yamagishi, Hiroyuki Sarnpei, Yukiyasu Shirasaka: "Recent Trends of Low-viscosity Silicone Liquid Immersed Transformers", IEEE 9th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, July 19-23, 2009, Harbin, China, pp. 212-215, doi:10.1109/ICPADM.2009.5252470 - 34 -

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Herbert F. Vogel: Some Considerations on Silicone Oil in High-Current and Energy-Disconnecting Mechanisms", LA-10035-MSUC-20, Los Alamos, March 1984, https://inis.iaea.org/records/9elck-0t627 R.F. Burow, G.A. Vincent, W.T. Brooks: "Methods for Evaluating New Dielectric Liquids for Use in High Voltage Electrical Equipment", IEEE 1973 Electrical Insulation Conference, Chicago, 30 September 1973 - 04 October 1973, doi: 10.1109/E1C.1973.7468674 Fuhimiro Endo, Shinpei Yamamoto, Takayuki Sadakane, Akira Yamagishi, Katsunori Miyagi, Hitoshi Okubo: "Analysis of Gasses Generated by Electrical Discharges in Low Viscosity Silicone Oil", IEEE 2008 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China, April 21-24, 2008, doi:10.1109/CMD.2008.4580279 Suwarno Harjo, Ishak Nasution: "Effects of electric arc on the dielectric properties, partial discharge patterns and dissolved gases in silicone oil", International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, ICEEI 2011, Bandung, Indonesia, 17-19 July 2011, doi:10.1109/ICEE1.2011.6021535 Ruobing Zhang, Zhichun Qiu, Jun Wu, Xin Li, Shanshan Wang: "Study on Gaseous Products in the Aging Process of Silicone Oil in Cable Terminals", 2018 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena — Cancun — Mexico, 21-24 October 2018, doi:10.1109/CEIDP.2018.8544876 Ian L. Hosier Alun. S. Vaughan, Oliver Cwikowski: "Elearical aging of silicone oil", 2020 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, 22 June-3 July 2020, doi:10.1109/EIC47619.2020.9158574 W. J. Chatterton and J. L. Goudie, "An update on silicone transformer fluid: Specification, manufacturing, maintenance and end of life options", 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Anaheim, CA USA, April 2-5, 2000, pp. 412-416, doi:10.1109/ELINSL.2000.845537 A.J. Amalanathan, R. Sarathi, M. Zdanowski, R. Vinu, Z. Nadolny: "Review on Gassing Tendency of Different Insulating Fluids towards Transformer Applications", Energies, 16, (2023), 488. doi:10.3390/en16010488 Jong-Fil Moon, Jae-Chul Kim, Tae-Hoon 1m: "Expert System for Diagnosing Silicone Oil-Filled Transformers", IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 36, 20, September 2003, pp. 905-909, doi:10.101651474-6670(17)34588-3 D.B. Miller, V.E. Bower, M.M. Birky, C.M. Huggett, A.Macek: "An Appraisal of Tests and Standards for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulating Fluids", NBSIR 76-1054 Final Report, 1976, - 35 -

flivaKaç 3.2. Kaii4Xi auvKivTpwaric oicauutvwv aEpiwv (ppm) via opuKTEXaia Kai Otaia auXiKovng Atom OpuKTEXcao 'EXctio EuXiKovng 1800 200 Y5povavo (H2) Mseavio (CH4) 1000 100 keavio (C2H6) 150 30 AieuXivio (C2H4) 200 30 AKETUAL/10 (C2H2) 1 80 MovokEibio AvepaKa (CO) 1400 3000 AlOkE1610 AvOpaKa (CO2) 10000 30000

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https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-431cc2195dd1d9739ab785a9cb8fd279/pdf/GOVPUBC13-431cc2195dd1d9739ab785a9cb8fd279.pdf OGRE Working Group A2.33. Guide for Transformer Fire Safety Practices; CIGRE Technical Brochure TB 537: Paris, France, 2013, https://static.mimaterials.com/midel/docJments/sales/Guide_for_Transformer_Fire_Safety_Practices.pdf Kuniko Suzuki, Osami Sugawa, Akira Yarnagishi, Katsunori Miyagi, Kyoko Kamiya: "Experimental Study on Ignition and Combustion Behaviors of Insulation Fluids for Transformer using Cone Calorimeter", IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, 127, (2007), pp. 797-802, doi:10.1541/ieejpes.127.797 - 36 -

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T. Howard Thomas, T. C. Kendrick: "Thermal Analysis of Polydimethylsiloxanes. I. Thermal Degradation in Controlled Atmospheres", Journal of Polymer Science: Part A-2, 7, (1969), pp. 537-549, doi:10.1002/pol.1969.160070308 G. Camino, S.M Lomakin, M. Lageard: "Thermal polydimethylsiloxane degradation. Part 2. The degradation mechanisms", Polymer, 43, 7, (2002), pp. 2011-2015, doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00785-6 Siska Hamdani, Claire Longuet, Didier Perrin, Jose-Marie Lopez-Cuesta, Francois Ganachaud: "Flame retardancy of silicone-based materials", Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94, No 4, (2009), pp. 465-495, doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.11.019 G. Camino, S.M Lomakin, M. Lageard: "Thermal polydimethylsiloxane degradation. Part 2. The degradation mechanisms", Polymer, 42, 6, (2001), pp. 2395-2402, doi:10.1016/50032-3861(00)00652-2 - 37 -

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42

T. Suzuki, S. Murakami, S. Kobayashi, K. Kiyotaki, M. Umeda: "Decomposition Products of Silicone Liquid Due to Electric Discharge", IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, EI-18, No.2, (1983), pp. 152-157, doi:10.1109/tei.1983.298660 Hisashi Morooka, Akira Yamagishi, Hideyuki Miyahara, Hiroyuki Sampei, Investigation into Degradation Properties of Low-viscosity Silicone Liquid/Paper Insulation Systems for Diagnosis in Liquid-immersed Transformers, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 24, No. 6; December 2017, pp. 3916 — 3921, doi:10.1109/TDEI.2017.006736 - 39 -

°ray 'to Xaio atAiKovng ecpwivenKE a-mug 200 °C nEptnou GE nEp1f3aNtov aipa, ta 'Apia rou eXcdou csaiKovng okEiStbenKav Kai napnxenaav Siacrcaupoiii.tEvoi 5&ioipErakii rwv popi.wv, trai CoOTE va aukomErai 'to lk1;i5Ec TOU EXctiou came:lyric Aura t )(El Eni13Xa13n Elli.opaan KuKX4opta IOU I$JUKTIK06 EXCli.OU.43 1E 1.1EXtTli 0)(EilKot 1.1E TO arillaTlallo KUKAllabV 81.11EAUX001.X0kaViWV 13afOriKE Oil. GTO ctpxiKo athoto rng eEpi.tiKng Karanovnanc GE 240, 300 Kat 350 °C [Wet-IKE on OTO ctpxiKo ara6to roc eEpiiiKng Karanovnanc napayErai Kupi.wc 03. Opwc TO D4 auknenKE ara5t.adt 1.1E TO xpovo ynpavanc Kai evivE neptacrorEpo alto TO D3. H than nrav n i6ia avEkaprnrwc Trig 0EppoKpaa(ac 0EpviKng Karanovnanc. Enianc, naparnpOnKE OUG)(filarl TOU Or11.1Ei.OU aVackAEkric TOU Eitai.OU 1.1E 'DIV anacia. Eketwianc Aovw Trig 0E1411.101c Karanovnang Kat npothenKE On 0 xpovoc (3EppiKng Karanovnanc nou CatalTEETal via Try E7TITEUkr1 cuttaaac Oa:twang 1,0% mnopEi. va eewpri0Ei (tic n 6Epp.iKn 84.6.pKEta wric TOU EXatou alAiKovric. Ernv 1.6ia Epvaata avattotpErat on n ouvoxio RoaoinTa TWV Kiipt.wv KUKAlla;JV 6 iliE0uXocnitokavi.wv Exi vpappiKn axtan 1.1E Try arctaEict Ekotrpianc, avEgetprnra arto rtc eEppoKpctai.Ec Karanovnang la. fiat., 0 13a0poc uno13681.liang TOU EXctiou alAiKovng imopEi va EKn,1qOEi lIE Tn pirpnan TWV 71000TniWV TWV KUKAllailV 511.1EOUXOGU1OkaViWV avil UK antbXEictc EVE-twang. Ertabnri aUVOXIK6 71006TriTa TWV KuptorEpwv 6t.µE0uXocnikokavi.wv KaraXalifitivEi TIErATIOU 0,7% arnv antaEta Ekotr[itang 1,0%, r1 eEppiKn SidtpKaa wrsic TOU EXoti.ou au\iKovng opRErat cog o xpovoc nou anat.-EEL-cat via va ctleacrei n auvoXixn noaornra rwv KupiorEpwv KUKAllabV EvtbaEwv alitokavi.wv aro 0,7%, OTIOTE Kat ea 7IpeTtEl va EniempEirai 0 µErctoltwaricrunc. H avdtXuan TWV KUtall<1;JV biliEeuitoau\okavi.wv tE aipia xpwparovpaCct &mu 710V.) Rio EUKOA.11 Kat ypnvopn aE aoyKpian 1.1E Tn orpnan Trig antaaac Ekarptanc. Kai n anairoopEvn noaOrnra uvpoi) nou Xaµ136vErcti GE 15Eiyµa Eivai povo µErma viKpoXixpa (µ1). H avathuan TWV Sicauptvwv aEptwv 45Ev EiVal KaTer.AAI1X11 yia rnv rtEptobiKn Ertieabpnan, 6iori artalTElial noAt5c xpovoc via inv Oaywyn TWV aEpi.wv ano TO uypo Kai µEvan moo-trim uypoo. Oaroao, n avauan rwv aEpi.wv napexa TanpockopiEc yia Tn siEpEovnan Trig acctac Trig unofideptang Kai pnopEi va anorataa pi0o6o XEnropEpok 6iavvwanc.44 3.7.4. KaCion rloituotgEeuAoaaokavEwv Oi avatkopec crra povrtita Kaitanc -Roy noXu61.11E6uXoaOtokavi.wv avattotpovrat crag EpvaatEc Trig opabac rou Lipowitz (Dow Corning), oi onoi.Ec 05Ev Kartarn SuvarOv va PpEeov, Kat)* TO 7tEpl.081X6 eXEI. OT4lairjaEl va EKoiSETal at unapxouv avrivpacka GE rlAEKTp0V1.0 popckn. Ynetpxouv opwc avatkoptc OE dOkitouc EpEuvnitc. Ta 13aaiKa xapatanpicrriKet rou povratou Ka6ang Ct7TE1KOVROVTal. OTO E(npa 3.3. Ta oXwoµEpn (KuiditKet Eton Kat vpappiKa cOtuai.6ctc µiKpoi) prIKoug) 1.te arwEin 13paapoti KaTW anti 250 °C *cti.tRovrai Kai uCaravrai KaOcyn. Ta Eton inpnitoTEpou poptaKoo (36pouc utki.aravrai Tom owswan, n onoi.a exEi wc anotiikEava tr SiacRivbEan Trig wirpac atAtKovng, ciao Kai anotKo6orinan piow ava6t.erraknc aaokaviwv, via va axrwaricyouv Kupi.wc KuKXiKat popia xatinXot'i popiaKoo iktpoug, ra onoia Eka4govrat Kai napixouv Ka6a1i.to via in 6ta6t.Kaala Kaiianc. H TEXEurata 61.a6iKacsia &tat n Kupiapxn °bog via rnv Ev6ExopEvn nitnpri Katkrri rou noituµEpok. Ta 13aaiKci xapaiccnpiarith aura) TOU povriXou Etym. Eckapithaiga Kai GE auVka aultoketvia nou IIROPEi va nEptixouv unoKaraarecrEc apuitiou ai\Kuittou Etcroc arta pE0OXio.

43

44

S. Isobe, T. Morito, S. Miura, T. Uchiyama, F. Ohyaria, M. Fukuoka, M., H. Tsukioka, E. Ohe, M. Yamaguchi: "Silicone oil filled transformers and its silicone oil characteristics", 1975 EIC 12th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference, Boston 11-14 November 1975, doi:10.1109/eic.1975.7458540 K. Urabe, T. Masuda, H. Yamaguchi: "Thermal degradation in silicone liquid/aramid paper insulation system", 1980 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation, Boston 09-11 June 1980, doi:10.1109/icei.1980.7470859 -40-

Bpaopoti < 250 *C

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Okei6wan (CH,5103)2 (Gel)

0

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H eEpporn-ca Ka6ang Kal n eEppornra. TIOU armvoi3oXEirai alT6 in (Maya Itpoc TO KalollEVO uXiK6 thai anpavrith xminkirEpec via ra noXu611.1E0uXoau\okavia ano EKE1VE yta mug u6povoveivepaKEc (opinatXotia). Enuatov, n EvEpvEia nou TOV alTOTIOXUUE0101.16 TOU Kai mnv EEammon mwv noXubilieeuXoauXoEaviwv Eivai anuavrith 11EvaXorEpn aria 6,ri via ma Kowa opyaviKet noXi111Epri. AUTEC 01 napapErpoi uno6nXWvouv ori ra noXu5ivE0uXoauXodvia Kaiyovuai Kai biarnpoov rnv moan SuaKoXorEpa arta adVia opva.vith uXt.M. 'Eva npocreEroc orwa.vrithc 71ctpetyovutc TIOU Mgr)EgEt. TriV Kotiran TWV auXcgaviwv Eivai o axnpariailoc Kai n EnaKoXouen Evano0Ean aiiop4)ou rou ltUp1TiOU OTIV ETILOVEla Trig KalollEVIlc auXiKovng. Aurn n EVa7ToeE011 XEITOUpyEt Luc povwmiko (Kai GE aywyn Kai OE cocrivo13oXia) npoc TO EvanoilEivav nauilEptc. EUV0ITT1Ka, pc 136ton rig auypirith xamnXtc eEpiiornrEc moong -mug, utin-Pitc 8E(416TriTEc EktiT1.11011c, in xminiin µEracOopo. 0Epilornrac VE aKr1vo(3oXia ano in (Maya, Kai -Env EvanaGEan rE4)pac (Siokeibio nupiriou), n aininEpt4iopa Ka6ang TWV Ou\OkaVICOV 5101(1)EpE1 at-limy-ELM alto EKEiVri TWV auvnewv opyaviKthv uX1KWv.45•46 "ExEi viva npoondeact OUGXET1Oric TWV OrlUELWV aVaci9tEkrIc Kai Kairang EXalwv criXiKavng1.1E mqv TITI1T1KoTriTa Kal TriV Teori OLTIAbV mug. Oi Kaiint:)XEc meiotic atiabv TWV unKaranovriptvwv

EXaiwv oui.14)wvoircrav 1.1E ma armtEia Katilaric -mug, 5niia6n, injniXorEpri -Edon caw:AN aVTUTTOIXEL GE xai.triXampo oq.iEio Kationc. To opuKmActio EixE utPnX6mEpn Kavrtian meiotic EtTileuV Kal X411.1X6TEp0 Or1116.0 Ka6ung ano taEXalCt GalKoVric, WOT600 n raan ari.tWv KdeE EXaiou aro or-111E10 Kaiiong TOU nrav TtEpillOU 0,1 atm. Kama mn Oeppavan, 01Kaprit:diec maang aminbv yia ma eXaia auXiKovng iiEra-coni.Ovrav npoc aukniitvEc niecrEic Kai yivovrav 0)(E6oV JlaV01.1016TUTTEc 01 ii.tç IOU oniiEiou Kationg -mug rmav 01 1.61Ec. H than aT1.16JV OTO orwEio Kaoanc napeilEvE nEpinou OE 0,1 atm . H KailnAn rdiong aTU(i3V TOU opuKractiou naptilEvE

n i«on aTilthV OTO n óor TWV EibtlAEKTWV

CtVETIripEa0Tri Kat TO orwEio KaOong TOU EnnpeotOmav EXaxtama, Onwc Kal orweio Kationc. Euverubc, Oa Ullopo6GE KavEic va au[impavEi on

aTIAL1V Kai via ma rpia pEucrud 6Ev cnqpthciat aria mn Otppavan TOU pEUGTOU, napao nou ma iota ma pEuama oaiKovng ixouv EanpEacrmEi. MEma C1716 11XEKTp1Kri kamaitovnon, ma iitaiot mitiKovng napoua1tiOUV710X6 lI iKp ocXXotyn uric KmatOXEc Vic TdOlic aml.t v-mug, waroao ma orwEict Kaoang -mug pEl6JVOVTal Manta. AUTo unoonkbvEr. ort. 5ni.itoupyoOvrai RIO EUCIAEKTO1 arpoi. H TalOri CtTpC6V OTO °WEI° Kaiiong peitbvEmai cc 0,05 atm via gatO€ Xaio

45 46

R.R Buch: "Rates of heat release and related fire parameters for silicones", Fire Safety Journal, 17, (1991), pp. 1-12, doi:10.1016/0379-7112(91)90009-N Fu-Yu Hshieh, C. J. Julien: "Experimental Study on the Radiative Ignition of Silicones", Fire and Materials, 22, (1998), pp. 179-185, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199809/10)22:5<179::AID-FAM650>3.0.00;2-U -41 -

oultiKovng. AVTIBETG, TO opuKTeXal0 napouo16.4E1 arThavtiKa auknLitvn KaµmAn tOtanc atµthv Kal µitpia µEi.won oto oriptElo KGOGI'lc. ME TO rIXEKTOlKo Tok0 110U EµckavintrIKE, oxwati.crrnKav onµavtiKic TIOGOTI1TEc U6poyovou Kal pitKpoo µopiaKou 13apoug u6povovavepecKwv. Auto Oa 1.17topoinn va EknynoEL auto TO arcotacoµa, 6E5oµtvou on otn 6ia6LKapia avoiKtoo 50XEIOU, TO uopoyovo Oa 6Laxtovtav vpnvopa arra try nEpioxn -mg nnync avacIAEknc, µEithvovtac -Env Enbripaon IOU u6povovou GTO GI11.1E10 KaOptic. Enuaeov, Kaeck 1.1E1(bVETal ri TrEplEKTIKoTrITG TOU µopi.ou GE avOpaKa, anarrEitai. ui4mX6tEpo TIOGOOTO ayKou via va ETUTEUXOEL TO KaTW opt° avackXEkiµotntac. H than atµthv GTO onµcio KaOoric auknenKE mimic GE nEpinou 0,13 atm. H npotaon trig oLtabac ntav va kEnvepouv µEXitec nE6i.ou GE µEtaoxnµatiattc EV xpnoEL via TOV npoo6Lopicsµ6 trig TO µevEeoc TOU npoi3Xnµatoc via tic ouvenKEc xpnonc.47 3.8. EpvaaiEc A010.11COV Kationc EAaiwv ELALKovng Ira µioa trig i5EKaEtiac TOU 1970 Eixav viva neipaµattxtc µEXetEc GXET1Ket µE try KaOon EXaiwv oulaKOvng, KaOck Kat. 6.XXwv GUI.113GT1K6JV EXaiWV (KUpiwc opuKTiXala) KIETI1)(E1prjenKE at:A/Kt:non TWV EUprillaTWV liE GUT& ROU ntav wwata via Ta opuKttXaia. ETTE166 TO Bella Inc Kat:iong TWV EXOLLWV ou\LKovng Etym. Kok:up° via in 6lEpEoVrIall TOU 6UGTUXIIIIGT0c, ea Ttapouaiacyro6v KanoiEc and, au-Etc Tic EpyacytEc GE µEvaitirrEpri Ktaori, EnEL6n 61.vouv noli3 xpnoiµa OTOIXEia 0)(ET1Ka I.1E in ouvatotrita cioqc TWV EXatwv ciu\LKovng. 3.8.1. Aoragic AveaMEkric liE Opiako 'EA= EE Epvapia tog oµdo5ac TOU Lipowitz plc Dow Corning avact)tpEtaL On av Kai too° ta itata ouNLKovnc ocro Kai ta OUVOETIKG t AGM liEptan u6povovavepaKEc napixouv KaXn 11XEKT010 anoboon, avanrO000uv E6d)XEKta atom uno triv Eniboacm nXEKtoixo6 toEou Kai Enoutvwc pnormi va nooKaXgoouv avacbXEER r nupivn octiaipa CrE Katacrroodm.Ko 13XdOn TOU LLEtacrxnuaticrrn. 'ExEi avackEpeEi. On akin Kai noXuxXwpi.wµtva SictiaLvoXia Tao xaµning nEpiEicrixotntac GE X11;4)10 ono ta ouvnen Eixav µEtpnoiµa onµEi.a av6.0Ekric (c0aã oxi ormie(a KaOonc) Kai µnopoocyav va 6nµLoupylaouv ouvOnKEc nopivnc ockaipac GE SoKiµtc KaTaaTpocinkric aotoxiac. Ta orwavtiKotEpa atpia TIOU napetvovtai Xovw plc En1.6paong nXEKtpt.Koo tokou TWV EXG1WV au\LKovng Kai UAW opuKtacti.wv Eivai u6poyovo, µE µixpotEpEc n000tritEc aKEtuXEviou, µdiavieu, cuOuXEvi.ou Kai du\Xwv atpt.wv u6povovavepOKwv. Oita ta avwttpw cxpia that. Etid•XEKta. Kat nicrtEOEtai oti oui43aXouv O'TO a)(111.1aTIGL16 niipivng odmioac nou xEL napiatnon0E1GE 60K11.1tC KataGT004)1KrIC aotoxi.a.c nXEKtpixoo EEonXiou.o6. Ivy pEuva autn, SiEpEuvnOnKE TO oevapio KataotpockKnc ctotoxi.ac via tpEic tUnoug EXalwv: ouveEtuaic uopovovdtv0paKac uLknitoi, µopLaKo6 Oapoug (HMW), Xaio oiXiKovng (PDMS) Kat. GUVOETIKO Xcuo (noXu aX0a oXEckivn — PAO). Ta Epurnµata nou ttenKav wc npoc TO xELpotEpo oEvdtpio nta.v ta aKi5Xou9a.: 1. Eav ouµOei. pia KataotpoctiiKn acrroxia µEtaoxnµatiotn va noiEc Oa Ei.vai oi ouvtnELEc Trig XELPotEpnc nEpintwonc, 2. YnoOttovtac On napavEtai µLa nOpivn actiotipa Kat& tnv KataotpockiKn acrroxia, not.Ec Oa Eimal OlniOavic Pal* Ekaiti.ac trig; EkETetCrTriKaV TO µivE0oc, n SuipKEia, n Evtpveia aKtivo0oXiac, n TEOGOTIlTa Kal Tr1V EMX1VaUVOTrITG TOU Karcvo6 Kai TWV TOk1KCJJV aEpi.wv. 3. Ynoettovtac Ott. TO itEpi.lanµa tot) 1.1ETC(0)(rillaTIOT6 GTIGE1 Kat x6vEtai. uypo, 1101Ec Oa Eivai 01 ouvtnELEc trig xeiperrEpric nEpintwong µLac 1100K6ITTOUGGc Xilivqc ctiwtiOtc; EkETa0TrIKE o pu0µ6c napaywync 0Epµotritac, too° ouvaywync op° Kai aktivofloXi.ac, Kai try n000trita Kat n ETUK1V6UVOTriTa TOU Kanvo6 Kai TWV TOk1KL6V ccEpiwv. 01 6oKiµtc KatacrrpockiKnc aotoxiai; liE Eita.pKEic EvtpvELEc via tnv napavwyn nopivwv ocktipthv, Ei.vai 6anavnpic at 6LEE,avwyn Kai 66GKOXEc OTI1 µEXttn Kai TI1V E01.111VEia. H TIOGOTIITG Kai n ot'iveEcin TWV aEpi.wv Xovw ETT11301nc rIXEKTO1KOU TokOU Kai. n EvOyEia. TOU 47

R.G. Gann, M.J. Manka: "Ignitability of decomposed transformer fluids", Fire Technology, 18, (1982), pp. 251258, doi:10.1007/8F02473137 -42-

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-48 -

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-49-

2. 0 npoobtopiovoc TOU 6yKou TWV avanTu000pEvwv ctEpiwy into ouverIKEc TokOU GTO eXaio cruliiKovng Kai GTO opuKTActio 6Eixvouv rtapopotEc Twig into iicoaict Kai icyxupet pEO µam. 1E ao0Evri pEopaTa TokOU TO EA.= c3u1iKovng EnioakE nyEctiopwonn 1.1ETakii TWV 11XEKTGO6iWV, 61aK0lITOVTac TO TOG Kal atailatibvTac TO 0)(MIGT101.16 TWV aEpiwv. Ta 6E6oµEva uno6EiKvoouv 611 oi apxEc IIOU xpnaiuonotoOvTai oio axE6ictou6 µEtaariicutioTiby yia opuKTEXata unopoUv va E4kapp.ocrco6v GE imv66Ec tcriiinpwori 1.1E EX= ouNiKovric. 'EX= oiXiKovhc

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H. Kuwahara, K. Yoshinga, K. Tsuruta, T. Ishii: "Study of Explosion and Fire Hazards of Silicone Liquid Under Arc Conditions', 1976 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation, Montreal, 14-16 June 1976, pp. 186194 -50-

avtiKataottiaouv ta noXuxitwpiwileva 64caviiXia (askarel 6 PCB) moo nEpOtalieavav Kai 6oK1litc a.vackAEkipotritac. E66 avackepovtaita OTOIXEla TEOU actoopoov autic tic 6oxivic.

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-51-

30 ft (10 m) Kai 5ictaroou 15 ft (5 m). H ?al-Wm cbavnKE itoXO tutEivn GE Gin/K0I.Orl 1.1E tic &XXEc 5oKiLitc. o IrapavoilEvoc Kanvoc nrav XEUK06 Xp6.4101.T0c Kat inKporEpou 6yKou alto TOV aVTIGTOI.X0 TOU opuKTEXatou. Ito a6vvEcko napottnprjenKav iiat5pEc vic1)65Ec. METa rnv KpriErt naaatnanenKav XEUK6.awilart&a, Tiou avavvwpicrEnKav wc oEE1.5io nuaitiou, va aiwpoovrai o-rov ctaa. Ta KwniAarov0acbiKa cbtAu i5Et.Eav iita 4bX6va, xaanXoo 1.1EVt0OUC Kal nOELIK cboanc, va oda via Alva 5EutEpoXErita crro 5oxEto 5oKu.inc aEra triv KonEn Kai can auvexaa va aBrivEi awn inc. luilitEpetagara tnc aolavic Toao to OUVOET1Ko EXctio (RTEMP) oao at to Xaio craiKovng DC-200 (50 cSt) mtpaaav tic allalTriGElc trig 5oxiiirjc Kai ITOOTaer1KE oTlixprgav nEpcutepw 5iEpaivnang rtpoc vKpian wc EVCOtitaKTI.Kri Mimi via ta 1iepii3c0iXovtiK6 Enutivouva TrauxXwpt.wµtva 51.4)aividaa (askarel). It 5oKilin No 1, 1.1E opuKtEXato, 6Xo TO uypo TIOU TIET6)(TrIKE arca TO 60XE10 ea EixE KaravaXweEt car6 Tn cowTia thy sEv EixE aerloa. Auto ea imopoUGE va oanynaEi ac Karaatpoc1)1Kri ITU pKaVia GTO Krip10. Kae* n OEppoKpaata TWV uypcbv rigaV KaTW ario TO anpeto Ka6ang uric into/toil-mg 5oKiiitc, TO ?tam craiKovng, to auvOctuto Xcup (RTEMP) Kai to askarel, riaparnpnOnKE auroar3Ean trig 4X6vac. Auto Oa rtEpiopi4 ta ErtaKoXoul3a wag xprikric Kai, 11E EUXovEc npockuXakEic, Oa ElItTOETTE Tr1V TO7108eT11011 11XEKTO1K01) Ek0Tal01.106 1.1E aUT6. Ta uvpa 'Aim GE KtipictKk KctraaKEuEc. To iXaio aiXiKovng, av Kai Entang Rio&acmthiiEvo, 5Ev Etvai vvwato oti Etvai ETUKIVÔUVO via. TO TiEpt.136tXXov. To ilovo a4ncl3nincripo unoTtpoiov µLac iKprgric that ta awpart5ict 610kEl6iOU TOU nupitiou, ata °Rota Etym. 6uva-0 iciovo n exaxtaTn iKeEon. Ta aipict riou riapavovtai Kata rn 5iapKEta iiiaciKpnknc Eivai ouataatiKa u6povovavepaKEc. T600 TO tital0 atXiKovng oao Kat TO OUV0ET1K6 Xaio RTEMP nEptapiaav rn 5iapKEiot Trig r3X6fIng Kai Tr1V E7TaVaCkEpaV, 1.1la 161.6171Ta 1TOU aukavEi try akta aUTLiN TWV UypthV Kai EiVal ETTLOUlinin. Tot nXEktp6510( GE 6XEc tic TTEOUIT()aEtc Rapouataaav Or11.1a6la Ka.TCUloVri Crrig X6vw tokOU GE 6Xo TO [inKoc mug Kat OT11V Kopuctni. AutO 561.xvci aura 'aka aKoXooenaav tfl BEwpict Kai ii£TaCI)tpOnKaV OTa atpia Kai Ta Ekati1i61.1Eva uvpa KaeWc EKTOkEtiOVTaV irpoc ta 71aVW. 11E01.710U 1 gal (3,8 I) uv6o6 naatueivE GE exeE soxEio smirk LIETa alio KeteE somun. To EITITIE60 TWV OEUt../aTWV ackavaroc /IOU Etkapiloatrikav Kara rn 5t.apKEia TWV 4.000 t tog 5.000 A, Kai n -Edam, 4,8 kV, Oa iirropoOaav va OEwpnOotiv xapnX6 urto tic anitEpivec (-mu 1975) auvenKEc u nX6rEpnc Siotetaiiing EvEpvEtac ackaXiiaroc Kai aUkaVklEVWV ETRITt6WV taanc. 01 twig au-Etc EriatxOnKav yia va EITEKTa0Ei. 0 TtleaVOc xpovoc G4):51X1.1aT0c GE 8 — 12 KoKXoug tic 5iaetaiiin E4)E5pixn aackeiXact. MEvcOu'irEpEc EvpvEt.ac, /24, Oa intopooaav va ariEXEu0EpweoUv ata 5oxEta 5okiling thy aukavotav to pEOliot. 01. 04)riX6TEpec taacic Oa illropoOaav va irpowenaouv try ElItKTaGn TOU TokOU ata TOI.X631.1aTa TOU 60XELOU K t GE aklia anvEia yEtwanc. H ctluaikn tono0ernan TOU TWO Kai n pga TOU uvpoi) GTO 60XELO Oa Ennabgav Entang Ta catotEXiailata. Xu4itnenKE oti auto Oa 7Ipt7TE1 va UT(05E1KV6E1 nEpattepw 6oKipic yta tri 1.1EXtTli TOU EKOriKTI.K06 6UVa1.11K06 TWV 51.46OWV Uyp6JV U116 au-Etc tic 7101KIAEc GUVEMKEc, WOTOGO, 0 OK011oc autWv TWV 5oKiliWv ntav va ripoo&opicrret n avacIAEkipOrnta TWV uvpWv µEta alto Kpnkn. TOGO TO t Xaio auNikovng oao kat TO GUVOETI.Ko eXal0 RTEMP autoKa.taaPiatnKav Kai TrEpaaav in 5oKiiin. Yt.PriXotEpEc tip. TOU /21 Oa imopoUcsav va 5niitaupyricsouv itEvcaUtEpn Kankri GE onoio5nriotE aria ta t /tam, cuVta 5Ev Oa Ercnptc*tv tn ouvatotnta auroKar6a13Eanc, EKToc thy n 116.41 TOU uypoO ntotv taco iiiKpn LIJOTE n EITI.41)CtVElaK6 044.10KpaGla TOU va auknect GE twig uou urtEpPatvouv to anpEto KatGqç TOU uypoo. flaDoXo nou n 0E0uoKaaaia aro 0111./E10 TOU TOEOU EtVal a0KEttc xiXiat5Ec BotOuoi, auto LarooEt va 5iaoKicsEi uovo via uEoiKok KoKXouc Kai 5Ev iirto0Et va ETMDEOLGEL anuavtiKa rn GEplioKoaata Evoc 5oxEtou ato utvEeoc

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55

Knocking Characteristics of Pure Hydrocarbons, ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 22, American Society for Testing Materials 1916 Race St., Philadelphia 3, PA, 1958 George J.Antos, Abdullah M.Aitani: "Catalytic Naphtha Reforming", 21'd edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2004, ISBN 0-203-91350-7 EN 228:2012+A1:2017Automotive Fuels - Unleaded Petrol - Requirements and Test Methods

-58-

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56

Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Burak Atakan, Katharina Kohse-Hoinghaus: "Studies of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation Mechanisms in Flames: Progress Towards Closing the Fuel Gap", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 32, (2006) pp. 247 — 294, doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2005.11.003 57 Bilal Hussain, Wei Li, Qilong Fang, Yuyang Li: "Synergistic Effects of Fuel Components on Aromatics Formation in Combustion: A Review", Applied Sciences, 14, (2024), 6720, doi:10.3390/app14156720 - 59 -

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58

Te-Chun Chu, Zachary.l. Buras, Patrick Osswald, Mengjie Liu, Mark Jacob Goldman, William H. Green:" Modeling of aromatics formation in fuel-rich methane oxy-combustion with an automatically generated pressuredependent mechanism", Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 21, (2019), pp. 813-832, doi:10.1039/C8CP06097E - 60 -

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lakov A. Medvedkov, Anatoliy A. Nikolayev, Chao He, Zhenghai Yang, Alexander M. Mebel, Ralf I. Kaiser:" One Collision—Two Substituents: Gas-Phase Preparation of Xylenes under Single-Collision Conditions" Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 63, (2024), e202315147, pp. 1 — 9, doi:10.1002/anie.202315147 60 Michael D. Hays, Christopher D. Geron, Kara J. Linna, N. Dean Smith, James J. Schauer: "Speciation of Gas-Phase and Fine Particle Emissions from Burning of Foliar Fuels", Environmental Science & Technology, 36, (2002), pp. 2281-2295, doi: 10.1021/e50111683 61 E.A. Boettner. G. L. Ball and B. Weiss: "Combustion products from the incineration of plastics", Report # EPA670/2-73-049, prepared under Grant#EC-00386 for the Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, by the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, July 1973, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA307864.pdf 62 V Purohit, R.A. Orzel: " Polypropylene: A Literature Review of the Thermal Decomposition Products and Toxicity", Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 7, (1988), pp. 221-242, doi:10.3109/109158188090145 - 61 -

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Vaneet Kumar, N.C. Kothiyal, Saruchi, Pankaj Vikas, Renu Sharma: "Sources, distribution, and health effect of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - current knowledge and future directions", Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, 4, 4, (2016), pp. 1-20, doi:10.1080/22243682.2016.1230475 Alexander M. Mebel Alexander Landera, Ralf I. Kaiser: "Formation Mechanisms of Naphthalene and Indene: From the Interstellar Medium to Combustion Flames", The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 121,5, pp. 901-926, doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09735 Mohammednoor Altarawneh, Labeeb Ali: "Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Thermal Systems: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review", Energy & Fuels, 38, (2024), pp. 21735-21792, doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03513 -66-

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/Viva 4.7. Mrixavialik aUveEang TpiapwµaTimi'v uSpoyovavElpecKwv uE an6anaorl u6poyovou Kal npoaenKri eivuXaKETuXEviou (HAVA) 01 TIOXU apW1.10TIKOI u6poyovetvepaKec txouv µEXETTIOEi. OE µEyetho Paella ioyw plc auµPang

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- 67 -

H ....... C„...,......

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Ixnµa 4.6. Mrixaviaµoc axripariaµoµ vactleaitEviou arca eEvOitio EV6EIXT1KG, GTO Ix6µa 4.7 itapouaigErai o Lirixaviaµog HAVA via Tn aµvEan PAH. rIpockavibg, 600 undoxEL xpovoc Kai biaeiaiµEc 6paaTudc EVWGElc 01 avTL6pacrEic auLutimwaric Rpoxwpoov Rpoc TO axoµa-ciaµ6 µEvakoTEpwv µopiwv TIOU Ell4laVi4OVTal cog cuedOtrl. H

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- 67 -

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4.8), vpnyopEc p4Ktc avrtoptioac Kal. prixavtopo 1.0VTLKL;JV avuopaoEwv. ETrIV 71E0171TW011 KiVranpWV EOWTEOLKng KOCH:Mc EUVOE(Tal 0 µnxavtomoc oxrmaTtopoti p14Cov, Kaecbc n SictOtKaola Kationg EvToc TOU Kivntripa notrrEt va itpavvaTorrotEiTat noito vpnvopa. (DotiveTat on 01 ctiptEc pi4Ec uopovovavepetKwv ava6taTaocrovrat vpnvopa, napexovrac TOVIArIXOV1.01.16 0)(rgiaTt.01.106 Kal avarrrukric TWV PAH. H npooenKn p14bv uopoyovavepetKwv GE PAH xapriXoTEpou poptaxoti 136pouc oonvEi crrn ouvixaa, viow 'WV cOtKuXtxthv PAH, OTO GrillaTI.01.16 PAH ut4inX6TEpou voptaKoo [36poug.69 H2 H2 H3C,.....c, „..0

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PAH Elva'. Kai. n OE:ppiKr) KaTEpvacria Kal rl Kation rOtaoTtxthv Roo arra

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68

Ki-Hyun Kim, Shamin Ara Jahan, Ehsanul Kabir, Richard J.C. Brown: "A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects", Environment International, 60, (2013), pp. 71-80, doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.019 69 Khaiwal Rayindra, Ranjeet Sokhi, Rene Van Grieken: "Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation", Atmospheric Environment, 42, (2008), pp. 2895-2921, doi:10.1016/j.atmoseny.2007.12.010 70 A. Marongiu, T. Faravelli, G. Bozzano, M. Dente, E. Ranzi: "Thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 70, 2, (2003), pp. 519-553, doi:10.1016/50165-2370(03)00024-X - 68 -

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71 Kenji Yasuda, Michimasa Takahashi: "The Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators during the Combustion Cycle", Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 48:5, (1998), pp. 441-447, doi:10.1080/10473289.1998.10463692 - 69 -

arEpEn4or

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Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe, Hannah Meusel: "Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the environment — A review", Science of the Total Environment, 581-582, (2017), pp. 237-257, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.115 Yen-Yi Lee, Yen-Kung Hsieh, Bo-Wun Huang, Justus Kavita Mutuku, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien, Shiwei Huang: "An Overview: PAH and Nitro-PAH Emission from the Stationary Sources and their Transformations in the Atmosphere", Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 22, 7, (2022), 220164, doi:10.4209/aaqr.220164 Andras Hoffer, Beatrix Jancsek-Turdczi, Adam T6th, Gyula Kiss, Anca Naghiu, Erika Andrea Levei, Luminita Marmureanu, Attila Machon, Andras Gelencser: "Emission factors for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households", Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 20, 24, (2020), pp. 16135-16144, doi:10.5194/acp-20-16135-2020 H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, P. Bai, K. Hayakawa, L. Zhang, N. Tang: "Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emitted from Open Burning and Stove Burning of Biomass: A Brief Review", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, (2022), 19, 3944, doi:10.3390 ijerph19073944 D.A. Cooper: "Exhaust emissions from high speed passenger ferries", Atmospheric Environment, 35, 24, (2001), pp. 4189-4200, doi:10.1016/51352-2310(01)00192-3 D.A. Cooper: "Exhaust emissions from ships at berth", Atmospheric Environment, 37, 27, (2003), pp. 3817-3830, doi:10.1016/51352-2310(03)00446-1 - 70-

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79

Benhua Liu, Liang Chen, Linxian Huang, Yongseng Wang and Yuehua Li: "Distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in surface water, soil, and groundwater within a chemical industry park in Eastern China", Water Science & Technology, 71,2, (2015), pp. 259-267, doi:10.2166/wst.2014.499 - 72 -

GUyKEVT0C00Elc va 13ptenKav 0E E6OLC011 f;ionnxavu<Cov nepioxibv. 0Xec 01 ne-conoeic 61V0Vial OTOV nivaKa 4.4.80 IlivaKac 4.4. Timtc novoapwµa-cimbv u6povovavepaKwv (ng/g) o-co tbactloc 131onnxav1mbv napKwv a-co Atha TOU no-canon Yangtze o-unv Kiva EvthaEic

DF° (%) Miaoc"Opoc ALavEaoc; EOpocs ± SDk 100 87,3 ± 89,9 52,4 2,81-320 100 145 ± 222 54,6 1,92-878 48,5 2,96 ± 4,32 2,75 ND -8,32 93,9 14,6 ± 22,8 8,49 0,50-129 100 24,1 ± 68,8 4,07 0,27-362 90,9 9,38 ± 17,1 3,29 ND-93,0

KaXokaipi. CV5 DF (%) Micloc 'Opoc taapzooc EOpoc CV ± SD 1,03 100 50,7 ± 46,7 32,9 1,87-169 0,92 1,53 100 78,4 ± 122 35,6 1,17-583 1,56 1,46 48,5 2,78 ± 3,91 1,25 ND-6,83 1,41 1,56 93,9 7,16 ± 13,9 3,25 0,32-76,9 1,94 2,85 100 10,3 ± 27,3 1,87 0,14-139 2,65 1,82 90,9 6,05 ± 10,3 3,21 0,32-58,0 1,70

21,2

1,23 ± 3,84

NCt

ND-23,8

3,12

21,2

0,95 ± 3,66

NC

ND-22,7

24,2

1,87 ± 4,62

NC

ND-3C,4

2,47

30,3

1,09 ± 3,93

NC

ND-21,1 3,61

24,2 2,35 ± 3,87 NC ND-31,3 1,65 (3Ev0Xto 2-xXwpo Loonpo24,2 3,93 ± 5,42 NC ND-43,8 1,38nuXo fiEvOko 4- xXwpo Loonpo0,00 NC NC ND NC ludo 13EvOk0 1,3,5-Tp4LE6uito 24,2 2,63 ± 6,21 NC ND-33,2 2,36 (3ev4oXio t-fioutuXo 0,00 ND NC NC NC 13Ev4oXto 1,2,4-tpLi.LEeuXo 30,3 1,25 ± 3,21 NC ND-30,7 2,57 (3Ev4oXio 5-13outuXo 18,2 1,03 ± 2,98 NC ND-22,5 2,89 fiEvOXLo 1,3- 6LxXwpo 18,2 1,35 ± 1,89 NC ND-12,6 1,40 f3Ev4oXio 1,4- 6LxXwpo 30,3 0,43 ± 0,84 NC ND-2,87 1,95 13EvOXLo 4-LoonponuXo 45,5 4,18 ± 8,53 NC ND-47,3 2,04 toXouciXto 1,2- 5LxXwpo ND 0,00 NC NC NC 13EvOXio K-13ouruXo 18,2 0,54 ± 1,85 NC ND-4,64 3,43 fiEv4c5Xto 1,2,4-TpLxXwpo 27,2 0,12 ± 0,35 NC ND-1,95 2,92 13EvOXLo 1,2,3- tpLx?twpo 15,5 0,21 ± 0,57 NC ND-1,58 2,71 fiEvOko 10voXo Movoa100 304 ± 261 135 30,9-1536 1,30 apwliatLKWv a DF: ouxvotrica avixvEuonc b SD: TUITI.K6 anew/Von c CV: ouvtEXEurric otakoLiavong d ND: &v avlxvEtAriKE (Kettw arta TO Ow avi.xveuaric) e NC: Scv unoXoyicrunkE

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2,22

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NC

ND

NC

24,2

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NC

0,00

NC

NC

ND

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30,3

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NC

ND-31,7

4,38

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NC

ND-19,1 4,71

18,2

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NC

ND-2,49

2,83

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0,19 ± 0,46

NC

ND-2,23

2,46

45,5

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NC

ND-49,4

2,34

0,00

NC

NC

ND

NC

18,2

0,32 ± 0,92

NC

ND-4,58

2,87

27,2

0,07 ± 0,27

NC

ND-1,31 3,90

15,5

0,10 ± 0,34

NC

ND-1,43

100

174 ± 187

87,9

16,3-931 1,13

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K-lipOTTUA.0-

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1E epyaoia 0)(ET1101 1.1E -my Ka-cavonri Kai 6iacynopai.10VOOtpWnailKi;JV u6povovavOpaKwv GE

614opec otypo-cidc nEpioxtc trig K1Vac KaTelt tat-un 2013 Kai 2016 avackipovtai ouvoXiKk 80

Haibao Zhu, Yuanchen Chen, Zheng Ruan, Jiahong Wang, Da nhua Liu, Han Wang, Meirong Zhao: "Occurrence, seasonal variations, distribution patterns, ard risk assessment of volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbons in soils of industrial parks in Yangtze River Delta, China", Science of the Total Environment, 892, (2023), 164511, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164511 - 73 -

Twig movoapwuarimbv u6poyovavepaKaiv twc 375 ng/g (0,375 mg/kg) ripot") 13apoug, 60.µEon rivri 37,5 ng/g (0,0375 mg/kg) yia TO 2013, EVW yia TO 2016 n SicipEarl ouyKtvipwan TWV 6Eivith-cwv ntav 34,4 ng/g (0,034 mg/kg), ve ouyKEv-rpthafic nou Kuvaivovrav wc Kai 569 ng/g (0,569 mg/kg). Oi avrioToixEc tikc kuXoXiou nrav 47,9 ng/g (0,0479 mg/kg) SuipEon ouyKLapwon 4,52 ng/g (0,00452 mg/kg) via ta m- Kai p- kuitato Kai 21,5 ng/g (0,0215 mg/kg) ue SidtpEon ouvxtv-cpwon 2,81 ng/g (0,00281 mg/kg) via TO 0- kUX6X1.0 TO 2013. Oi. avrio-roixEc -ciptc yia TO 2016 nrav 94,8 ng/g (0,0948 mg/kg) 1.1E Ethpzon ouyKtv-tpwon 10,9 ng/g (0,0109 mg/kg) via Tot m- Kai p- kuXoXto Kai 49 ng/g (0,049 mg/kg) 1.1E SidituEon ouyKtv-cpwan 8,92 ng/g (0,00892 mg/kg) yta TO 0- kuitoXio. Oi ripec 6ivovrai o-cov nivaka 4.5. 0i 61.40ptc oia ET11.71E5G TWV GUVKEVTOWGEWV TWV RTULKWV OpyaVI.KWV EVWGEWV ano616oviai crag ronoypackixtc biact)oponouioac KCtl. (Mc KX1.1.1GILKic OUVEMKEc not) EniKpatotiv avã nepioXel• IlivaKac 4.5. Kotravoinj TWV ETILOVELOLKWV ETUTti6WV BTEX GE aypotiKtc nEpioxtc Trig Kivac GE oxion 1.1E tic nEpilkaitoviiKtc napaa-cpoug N BEv46Xio ToXou6ALo AteuXom, po- kuNoAto Itupivto Viva° (3ev46XLo kuX6Xio Opyamo Wake) (g/kg) 517 17-25 N25 F testa PH <7 N7 t-test§ YLP6 tpo (m) 5500 N500

627,69 ± 12,1 18,4 ± 34,4 4,89 ±5,83 5,52 ± 9,84 4,51 ± 6,92 1,93 ± 2,40 43,2 ± 50,7 78 10,4 ± 20,8 18,3 ± 25,8 8,92 ± 13,4 7,94 ± 9,27 6,02 ± 7,30 4,56 ± 15,6 56,4 ± 73,8 87 15,8 ±23,5 26,1 ± 34,8 8,99 ±9,70 8,93 ± 12,6 6,44 ± 7,92 3,02 ± 3,24 69,5 ± 73,7 0,205 0,258 0,0221 0,0441 0,0341 0,0101 0,0391 99 9,20 ± 12,6 21,5 ± 30,1 7,99 ± 10,4 7,25 ± 11,8 5,44 ± 7,39 2,43 ± 2,82 54,1 ± 59,8 128 13,7 ± 24,4 21,2 ± 33,5 7,76 t 10,5 8,00 ± 10,0 6,03 ± 7,54 3,89 ± 12,4 60,8 ± 75,0 0,470 0,871 0,557 0,252 0,076 0,940 0,604

t-testt

160 9,03 ± 13,7 18,6 ± 29;8 6,97 ± 9,15 7,59 ± 11,6 5,59 ± 7,51 2,48 ± 2,78 50,6 ± 58,0 67 18,0 ± 29,7 27,4 ± 35,9 9,91 ± 12,9 7,90 ± 8,68 6,29 ± 7,35 5,07 ± 16,8 74,8 ± 87,2 0,515 0,061 0,053 0,848 0,002 0,0151 0,0491

Oepµokpaota (T) <8 8-16 N16F test!

96 15,9 ± 26,8 23,5 ± 37,4 8,23 ± 11,4 7,60 ± 8,74 5,60 ± 6,48 4,87 ± 14,1 65,9 ± 83,4 85 10,2 ± 14,0 20,1 ± 27,3 7,67 ± 9,77 7,65 ± 13,5 5,99 ± 8,76 1,93 ± 2,33 53,8 ± 58,2 46 5,42 ± 8,50 18,5 ± 26,9 7,32 ± 9,85 7,93 ± 9,49 5,84 ± 6,87 2,24 ± 2,77 47,7 ± 47,8 0,937 0,082 0,274 0,625 0,875 0,985 0,010

Bpoxortrwori (mm) 5800 34 23,6 ± 27,4 31,7 ± 47,60 10,8 ± 12,0 10,1 ± 17,1 6,33 ± 8,49 4,58 ± 3,13 87,2 ± 94,9 800-1600 88 10,6 ± 22,1 18,6 ± 31,6 7,27 ± 11,4 6,55 ± 8,02 4,88 ± 6,54 4,59 ± 14,7 52,7 ± 75,5 N1600 105 8,75± 13,5 20,0 ± 24,9 7,34 ± 8,92 7,86 ± 10,3 6,39 ± 7,80 1,69 ± 2,28 52,5 ± 47,8 0,109 0,186 0,265 0,399 0,072 F test! 0,001 0,0251 3 Movo6po1n aveauori ANOVA b t-test avegaptritwv Setyp.ettwv • p < 0,05 • p < 0,01

H ouoothpEuon opyavimbv ponwv 0"TO nEpir3duVtov, it5iaitepa TWV TELO TITITELKWV, ea imopoUoE va EVIGXUAEL GE tonoealiEc 1.1E uilinXorEpa uti)oµEtpa Kai xaunXotEpcc ecpµoKpaotEc XOvw -Eng .tEraopac µkm Trig atuoackupac (ma oxetiK6 eeppic nEpioxic npotNEuang Kai GUI.GIOKVWCFric GE 4JuxpoTEpEc, liEvaXii-cEpou vEwypact•iKoU nitatoug TTEpioxtc. Oi ouvKEvtpcboacI3EvOliou, ToXouoitiou Kai ouvoXixthv BTEX nrav onµavtiKa utiniXotEpEc °Tic opEivic nEpioxtc (utIgivErpo >500 m) cola EKELVEc otriv n€61.6t6a (utkomEtpo 5500 m) GE EITilTE6G 0,01. IlEpairipw, unrig€ orwav-ciK6 apVrITIKei GUOVTI.011 ptEraW -Eng ouvKevrpwong 3cv0Xiou Kaitflc ETnOlac I.toqc eEppoKpacriac OUVTEXEGT6 ouoxeriong 1.1E tq.tr p 0,01. H uypn catoecon eEwpEitai t vac daitoc prixaviouoc µErackopdtc TTOU ET1110EgELTI1V KaTaV0116

- 74 -

flivakac 4.6. luykEvipthoEtc uovoapwµauktbv u6povovavepautwv (mg/kg) Kai cPucitkoxnµtkic 161OtritEc Tou €5ackoug Ir-Haei.o

Baeoc (cm)

Opyamoc AvepaKac TOC (%)

SS1

0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45 0-15 15-30 30-45

0,51 0,42 0,39 2,5 1,96 1,8 2,55 2,19 1,66 1,26 1,23 1,04 2,22 1,54 1,43 4,55 3,84 3,23 2,58 2,24 1,99 1,8 1,6 1,4 0,87 0,59 0,48 2,83 2,64 2,47 3,56 3,34 3,09 2,92 2,69 2,64 3,00 2,53 2,19 1,43 1,15 0,98 4,21 3,79 3,39

SS 2

SS 3

SS 4

SS 5

SS 6

SS 7

SS 8

559

SS10

SS11

SS12

SS13

SS14

SS15

orweia SeivuatantlActc (AeitTa Ntynpa, Nwnpia) ywyw.otrita AteOto pH 13Ev0Aio Tcaoudaio o- uXi5Xto p- uX1:9tio EtivoAo (1.6/cm) riev4oXio 83,6 52,7 43,5 53,7 50,2 39,6 123 78,9 53,1 63,3 48,4 47,6 42,3 38,4 40,3 39,8 39,6 32,5 76,2 59,6 54,6 66,7 43,1 42,3 96,2 66,5 49,8 106 81,3 89,4 48,9 42,3 28,6 56,6 38,2 33,3 63,5 58,9 50,3 57,8 39,7 31,2 57,6 44,7 46,4

6,7 6,3 5,2 6,2 6,3 4,6 5,8 4,7 4,3 5,6 5,3 4,9 6,4 5,6 5,7 4,7 4,4 4,3 6,3 6,5 5,1 4,9 4,2 4,3 7,6 6,4 6,3 6,4 5,9 5,1 5,8 4,7 4,3 6,2 5,7 5,3 5,6 5 4,5 6,8 6,4 6,2 5,7 5,3 5,1

ND 0,142 0,012 0,01 ND 0,026 ND 0,002 0,002 ND 0,018 0,016 ND ND 0,044 ND 0,016 ND 0,002 0,048 0,004 0,022 ND ND 0,016 0,028 0,031 0,04 0,033 0,026 0,038 0,019 0,018 0,028 0,017 0,026 0,016 0,034 0,031 0,022 0,027 0,022 0,018 0,017 0,023

ND 0,312 0,052 0,008 0,002 0,078 0,002 0,01 0,002 0,004 0,016 0,052 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,004 0,018 0,012 0,016 0,064 0,03 ND 0,35 0,219 0,264 0,088 0,308 0,227 0,156 0,145 0,206 0,46 0,266 0,27 0,13 0,274 0,209 0,16 0,143 0,15 0,182 0,156 0,188

TWv opyavtabv ponwv OTO REp ifkOult0v). XE ()UPI Tn

ND 0,104 0,166 0,024 0,006 0,042 0,002 0,024 0,014 0,004 0,018 0,002 0,014 0,002 0,122 0,006 0,006 0,01 0,352 0,164 0,018 0,196 0,024 ND 0,702 0,424 0,314 0,146 0,204 0,778 0,102 1,351 0,881 0,306 0,411 0,319 1,174 0,226 0,432 1,528 0,638 0,643 0,12 0,647 0,536

ND 0,052 0,28 0,004 0,002 0,36 0,002 0,006 0,012 0,01 0,002 0,01 0,02 0,002 0,036 0,008 0,004 0,008 0,034 0,036 0,012 0,266 0,03 ND 0,23 0,115 0,272 ND 0,428 0,589 0,266 0,749 0,433 0,59 0,116 0,206 0,952 0,295 0,452 0,546 0,609 0,543 0,002 0,477 0,296

ND 0,03 0,114 0,016 0,004 0,018 0,002 0,006 0,01 0,004 0,06 0,028 0,004 0,002 0,012 0,01 0,016 0,006 0,24 0,012 0,006 0,134 0,016 ND 0,108 0,157 0,261 0,206 0,365 0,292 0,006 0,219 0,141 0,724 0,063 0,264 0,24 0,465 0,294 0,198 0,123 0,126 0,018 0,129 0,143

0 0,64 0,624 0,062 0,014 0,524 0,008 0,048 0,04 0,022 0,114 0,108 0,04 0,008 0,216 0,026 0,044 0,028 0,646 0,272 0,056 0,682 0,1 ND 1,406 0,943 1,141 0,48 1,338 1,911 0,568 2,483 1,678 2,108 0,873 1,084 2,512 1,294 1,417 2,454 1,54 1,483 0,34 1,426 1,185

tEXTq, Vov0 TO 3Ev0A1.0 (3pBr1kE va

CrUOXETi4ETal onpavuka apvntika t.t€ TriV ETriOla 13p0)(671TWOrl (p = 0,008). Auto To artoteXEoua µnopEi va EknvneEt arta tr SicautoinTa auing Trig ivwonc. METako -Eng oudt6ac BTEX, TO 13Ev0A10 Et14cootvi4t Toy utimitotEpn u6aToStcautornTa (nEp(nou 1,7 g/I oToug 25 °C).

Ta

paci8a Twv Bpoxowaibcrewv EvotxETat va 6ta6pattati.4ouv kplattio poXo can Staxuan kat TO VETa0)(1111aT1apo TOU PEVOXIOU. H 61aAUTOTIlia TOU TOXOUOMOU, TOU cti0uAo13ev0Mou, TOO

- 75 -

kidioNiou at. TOU crtupEviou Eivai 0,53, 0,2, 0,11 Kai 0,125 g/I vepoU cscoug 25 °C, avriaroixa. H uypn EvarcoElean pnopEi va µnv 1tai4i anpavrith poXo crcn 6iaxuan aurthy rwv ponwv.8' 1E 600in Epvaala npayparonoinenKav pErpnaEic GE nipioxei npoPirjrac nErpEXaioEi6Wv nou oTny nEpioxn rou AiXra too norapoU Nivnpa pin Nwripia. TonE6 to µErpnaewv aci)opoi ao-cith °mope) [LE [Liao Taneuallo 150.000 avOpthnouc. Irny nipioxri unapxouy 6EkapEvic xwpnriKornrac navw ano 300.000.000 Aiwa npo.Coyrwv nErpEXaiou nou avnicouv GE 6104)00ETLKic ETaLpiEc Ewtopiac TIETpEAaiou. Ta 6Eivpara GUiat xeriKav arta 61ackopErith Baen GE thee OrillE10 °VW TEE010)(1)iqç npoBXrjrac cl)opromkoprwang rcErpEXocioEi6Wv. Ta en1ste6a kuNoidou llou pErpnenKay nray arny nipioxn 0 —1.528 pg/kg (0 —1,528 mg/kg), Ev6 rwy auvoXimLy BTEX cr-criv nEpioxn 0 — 2.483 µg/kg (0 — 2,483 mg/kg). flaparnprienKav 6104)000T(010Elc Ong GuyKivrpWaEic Kai. GE 0)011 µE TO Baeoc 6EtAtaroXritPiac. 01 riutc 61.VOVTOR aVOAUTIKet OTOV IlivaKa 4.6. H OTaTIOTIK6 aVaitUOrl TWV a7tOTEXE0116TWV TWV LIETIAGEWV MELkE 6T1 6EV unnpx€ away-mai 61cith[Laycin Gra EninE6a TWV tip.thv TWV 110V000W110T1K6JV u6poyoyayepecKwv GE OXiOn LIE TO 0600c 6EwparariCac Kai ori 6Ev UTUI0XE 0111.10VTUG1 OET1K6 GUG)(iTlarl LICTO6 TWV OUVKEVT060EWV ONLKO6 opyayiKo6 ayepaKct Kai ouyoXuaby moyoapwatuaby u6poyovavepcicKwy aytioroixa. H eKripnon yia tqv npoiiiEuan TWV uovocipwµa-cuaby u6poyovavepaKwy eirav 6iappoic Kauaiµwv, xprjan 6LOLAUTI;JV Kat xpwµcirwv Kal OL Elatolinic awµattLiwv alto Trl XPr1onf3eyOync Kai yrn4X cruny rtepioxn -Eng Ttpor3Anrac nerpeXami6day.82 Toy Maio TOU 2008, GrIIIEL(berlKE aro ljegun, va npoaotio aro Adwoc trig Niynplac, orav oi epyarec KaraoKeung KartaupeiPay Kara Aciteoc aywy6 Trig Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) TTOU IIETe4)E0E lip0I6VT0 nErpacciou. H 6iappon EixE cog arcariXEwa rn [Lidiuvan TWV UlloyELWV U66TWV, auµnEpu\aµBayouivwv TWV TEM/0616)V, [LE GUOTaTLK6 3EV4Vric, 6TIWc 13£VOXIO, TOXOU6ALO, ctieuXoBEvOXio Kai kuXoXio (BTEX) Kai 1100K6AEOE aynouxia yia rny 6(0E011 TWV KOLTO1KWV TIOU xpnoiportoiooy auto TO yEpo. H ithnkn obewriGE Elt[Olic OE KaraorpoclliKn nupKayia npoKcathyrac ayeptimiyec cuteoXeiec iieyaitec Karciarpockic Kara 1.16K0c TOU aywyoo. ha Xoyoug eXtyxou trig 71016TriTac TWV UROVELWV U66TWV npa.yptroitoinenKay 6eiyi.iaroXn ec \repot') Kat E6a4x1y yiaiXEyxo TtEptEKTLK6TriTac Ge poyoapwilatiKok u6poyoyayepaKec. EuXitexenKay 19 6eiyuata €66(1)0ug yt5pw ano tny ranyeiaa irepioxn rou otaBuoti aya4)opdtc cane) 13a0oc 0 iwc 15 cm KaL 15 iwc 30 cm, GE anoaramic 50 m iwc 300 m (ma to )(Cop° TOU ouµ136yroc. EXncbenoay bell/mut 66o xpovitc (2009 Kai 2010) GE uypn Kai knpn nEpio6o yta va cf)avotiv rueavic 64.4oponoinazic. To EllillE60 u6povoyavepaKwy GTO arct0µ6 eXiyxou nray 44,61 mg/I, TO 07i0t0 (gay awavrith uiqXótepo ano ma 6Eivµara E6ac13.oug nou auitAixOnKay arca c.;)vEc avacrxEcnic 50 Kai 100 utrawy Kat& TriV uypri rcEpio6o -cou 2009. 0 Ktipioc OUVTEXEOTtic TWV 0A1K6V u6poyovavepaKwv GTO oraeuo eittyxou nray TtiOayotata 01E1610111* OXM.16TWV, ERE16n 0 crca0µoc 13piGKE-ca1Kara µ6Koc Evoc noA.uat:qvaarou 6popou. H OTaTLOT1K6 croyKpian sane) -cnv avec/wan ANOVA TWV ouyKeyrpcboewy oX1K6Jv u6poyovavepaKwy GE 5Eiypara E6a4)oug cora rig TOTWOEGIEc 6Ely1.10TOMLIAac e6Elk;E: Oil untipxE onliayriKri Siact•opa. (p < 0,05) orn perpoUveyn ouyKeyrpwon oitimby u6poyoyayepecKwy uerakii thee nepio5ou (knpnc Kai uypnc) Kai perako TWV ET6V 2009 Kai 2010. rEVLKet, 01 Twig oituaby u6povoyczyBpaKwv via knpic nEpi.66oug nrav anµavrith utIlliXorEpEc (p < 0,05) ano rig -nag yta uypic rcEpio6oug, Aovw apaiwang Kara rriv uypel nEpia6o. OL peoec ouyKeytpcboeic eydxsewy BTEX GE 6EiyllaTa E6acl)oug rcou auk\ixenKay °Eno crcoteµok OE 61actiopEr1Kic c",ivEc eXtyxou µaKpia ano TO OrILIE10 iKprikric napoucsugovrai aroy IlivaKa 4.7. Ta 6Eiv[Lara E6ec4oug nou auk\ixOnKay EVT6c TWV (wvthv eittyxou TWV 100 Kai 150 iierpwv Eixay awayrith uilinXorEpEc 81

82

Chenye Xu, Xinmeng Lin, Shanshan Yin, Kai Liu, Weiping Liu: "Spatio-vertical characterization of the BTEXS group of VOCs in Chinese agricultural soils", Science of The Total Environment, 694, (2019), 133631, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133631 Onoriode 0. Emoyan: "Occurrence and Exposure Risk of Mono-Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Selected Petroleum Product Jetty Impacted Soils from the Niger Delta, Nigeria", Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 64, (2021), pp. 25672578, doi:10.21608/EICHEM.2021.40450.2821 - 76 -

auyKEvTpthaeic Ina oXec Tic µovoapwµaTudc EVWOElc. 01 uptc yia TO kUX6X10 (408,411.167,84 µg/kg) nTav ndtvw arca Ta 6pia aockOtai.ac \not Th Onavori Tou €64ouc (50 µg/kg), onwc opi4Tai aTo EGASPIN (Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry In Nigeria) cog Tiptc-oTkoi Ina Ta BTEXP ravaxac 4.7. Mksec auyKevTptboac EVC;JGEWV BTEX GE betyµaTa e6a4kouc nou ouVkixOriKav an6 oraeµok GE biackopeTiKec 4bvec npooTaatac vapid ano TO ahµEio Kprft To 2009 ZciivEc arto TO oup136v (m) 100 150 200 250

BEvOdtto (µg/kg) ToXouoitto (Lig/kg) AtEluitof3EvOko (rig/kg) EuX6Xto (Lig/kg) BTU (o0voXo) 0,03 0,04 0,02 0,15

0,46 0,77 0,51 0,39

2,57 7,49 0,15 0,12

1.020,12 1.167,84 783,69 408,41

1.023,17 1.176,12 784,38 409,07

Mia (Van KaThyopia e6a4nbv aTa onoia vIxouv npayµaTonoihe€1. µeTprjacic µovoap(41aTiK6iv u6poyovavepaKwv anoTeitoov Ta iNkaTa. 1E SeiyµaTa 141µ6Twv ano Toug noTaµok Mop63a Kai Aoiiva13h oTh EXoPaKia, µeTpnehKOLV ouyKEvrpthafic µovoapwµaTiKtbv u5poyovavepaKwv fano 0,08 t cog 290 µg/kg (0,0008 iwc 0,290 mg/kg) uypot) be[yµaToc 01aToc. Ot µeTkoeic kuXoXiou nTav GE nal') xaµhX6 eninE6a, pe µiyuno Ta 1,53 µg/kg (0,00153 mg/kg).84 1E6ElyµaTa grillaTwv napa0a2t6oaiwv Xiµvo0aAaaociw ano Thy nepioxii OTI1V nepioxn TOU KoATEOU Erwo6 (Saros Bay Gm Toupmet, 0 K6XTIOc now Tr" xEpoovriao Trig KcaXinaric), 01 auyKevip(banc eixav StaKoµavoh coca 0 t wc 244, 6 µg/kg (0 t cog 0,2446 mg/kg) yia Ta m- Kai p- kuitato Kai 0 - 17,1 µg/kg (0 - 0,0171 mg/kg) yia TO 0- kuxoxio. ITh 13q3XtoypacPta Thc ouyKEKpiµtvhc Epyaoiac avaci)tpovrai auyKevipcbang GE i. rtniaTa lino TO vortaavaToXixo MEk1K6 Tow 11EGIOXIi 205 - 3640 µg/kg (0,205 - 4,640 mg/kg) yia Ta m- Kai p- kuitoMo Kai 110 - 2940 µg/kg (0,110 - 2,040 mg/kg) yia TO 0- kaoX10, GE gnµaTa arca Touc noTaµo6c Sava Kai Bosna a-chv KpoaTia 1652 µg/kg (1,652 mg/kg) Nita To ouvoXtKo kukiXio, Kai OE iViµaTa ano Tn Xiµvoedu\aoaa Karavasta aTriv AX13avia 1640 µg/kg (1,640 mg/kg) yia Tot m- Kai p- kuXoXio Kat 45 µg/kg (0,110 - 2,040 mg/kg) yia To o- kuioAto.85 4.1.6. METaKi.vnan EuAoitiou crro "E6a(t•oc To kuXoXio Kdaw ató Thy EITIOVELO TOU E664)OLK va 11EIGKIVrieEl1ItOW TOU E.5.64)0Uc Kai va eineXeei GE un6yeia \repot (u6po4,opoc opiWTac). To kuX6Xio µnopei va napakeiva unoyeta vepa Nita apKeTok 'Avec npiv TEXiKa Siaonacruei ano µiKpoopyavtoµotic. Eàv ELOEXOEL oTo t6a4)oc µeyaki noaoTriTa kuXoXiou ano Tuxaia biappon, ano va x6po ETUKLVSUVWV ano13XnTwv ano x6ipo 6Laxetpteiric anoppiµ.µdawv, µnopei. va SianepaaEi TO 5a4koc Kai va µoXovei TOV u6po4kopo optOvra Kai nieavec nhykc nociiµou vepoo. To kuxeduo (oi Tang iaoµepeic top*) anaeueepcbveTai oThv arpoockaipa Kupi.wc wc biact)uyoUo€c eKnoµntc Irmo 13ioµrixaviKtc nrwic (n.x., EauXicrreipta TTETpeXaiau, Mimic (3101111XaViEc), GTO( KauGa4ta TWV GUTOK1VnTWV Kal OGLO EVE-gm:Ric arca Tr] xpon -mug cog OtaXiirEc. 01biacbuyic Ong USailvEc o6o6c Kat 01 blappOec GTO iSait•oc TIDOKI:MTOUV Kupiwc arca Tn xprjah, Thy G71006KEUarl at Tn 1.1ED:14)0pa TWV TIGGioVTWV IIETGEAGIOU Kal Tr' Sta0Ean artoi3Xercwv. °Tay aneXeueepthverai kuXoXio °To komboc EracbavEtaxa vEpa, Eivat avapEvapEvo va Oct-qua-TEL Carly aTµoackupa. C207600, LIE 136.arl TrIV KIVI1T1KoTrITG CIUT6JV TWV 83

85

Victoria Funmilayo Doherty, Adebayo Akeem Otitolcju: " Monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination following a pipeline explosion and petroleum product spillage in ljegun, Lagos Nigeria", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185, (2013), pp. 4159-4170, doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2858-8 Hussain Al-Rekabi, Ladislav So*, Milan Kmiriak: "Volatile organic compounds in water and sediment from the Morava and the Danube Rivers (Slovakia) using purge and trap injection and gas chromatography", Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 81(1-2), (1995), pp. 193 - 200, doi:10.1007/8F00477265 Selma Unlü, Bedri Alpar: "Evaluation of sediment contamination by monoaromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal lagoons of Gulf of Saros, NE Aegean Sea", Marine Pollution Bulletin, 118,1-2, (May 2017), pp. 442-446, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.033 - 77 -

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9°

Gareth J. Stewart, W. Joe F. Acton, Beth S. Nelson, Adam R. Vaughan, James R. Hopkins, Rahul Arya, Arnab Mondal, Ritu Jangirh, Sakshi Ahlawat, Lokesh Yadav, Sudhir K. Sharma, Rachel E. Dunmore, Sit S. M. Yunus, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Eiko Nemitz, Neil Mullinger, Ranu Gadi, Lokesh K. Sahu, Nidhi Tripathi, Andrew R. Rickard, James D. Lee, Tuhin K. Mandal, Jacqueline F. Hamilton: "Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India", Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21, (2021), pp. 23832406, doi:10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021

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