Exploring STEM Careers and Black Brilliance in STEM

National Society of Black Engineers

Exploring STEM Careers and Black Brilliance- RTP NSBE Compiled by Dr. Antonia (Toni) Arnold-McFarland

Disclaimer • This content is not for resale • It is for educational and awareness purposes only

This content is presented on behalf of The Research Triangle Professionals Chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers

Visit rtpnsbe.org to connect with us and to see how we’re serving the community! Membership is open to professionals of all ethnicities and academic backgrounds.

Getting Started with STEM

What is STEM? Learning based on

Science

Technology

Engineering

Math

Why do we need students to explore STEM? “STEM stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. STEM is important because it pervades every part of our lives. ... By exposing students to STEM and giving them opportunities to explore STEMrelated concepts, they will develop a passion for it and hopefully pursue a job in a STEM field” • Reference: EngineeringForKids.com

Why is STEM Education important? “In the 21st century, scientific and technological innovations have become increasingly important as we face the benefits and challenges of both globalization and a knowledge-based economy.

To succeed in this new information-based and highly technological society, students need to develop their capabilities in STEM to levels much beyond what was considered acceptable in the past.� (National Science Foundation)

Who benefits from STEM? STEM education helps to bridge the ethnic and gender gaps sometimes found in math and science fields. Initiatives have been established to increase the roles of women and minorities in STEM-related fields. STEM education breaks the traditional gender roles. In order to compete in a global economy, STEM education and careers must be a national priority. Each and every decision made uses an aspect of STEM to understand the implications. • Reference EngineeringForKids.com

STEM Education Data -How National Science F do U.S. 15-year-olds compare with students from(2012) other countries oundation in math and science?

Notes: PISA = Program for International Student Assessment; OECD: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

US Student Ranking in STEM Education – 2019 Within the past few years, there has been an aggressive push from competing countries such as China and Singapore to drive STEM education and promote the resulting career paths. In 2015, Singapore topped the global Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) rankings in math and science; the US ranked 38th in math and 24th in science.

Likewise, recent data from the Pew Research Centre indicates that the US ranks behind many other industrial countries based on math and science assessments. The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) from 2015 noted that 10 countries (out of 48) had higher fourth-grade math scores than the US, and 7 countries had higher science scores.

Reference: Parentology from Pew Research

Skills &Traits To Develop for STEM Careers Soft Skills

Hard Skills • • • • • • • • • •

Strong Problem Solving Skills Critical Thinking Attention to Detail Process-Oriented/Methodical Innovative/Creativity Analytical Skills Computer Literacy Digital and Tech Savvy Diagnostic/Troubleshooting Math and Science

• • • • • • • • • • • •

Strong leadership skills Communication Skills Collaboration Ethics/Integrity/Good Character Self-starter/initiative Social Responsibility Emotional Intelligence (EQ) / Influence/Relationship Mgt Diverse & Inclusive Thinking Resilience/Adaptability/Discipline Time Management/Dependability Project Management Judgement/Decision Making

Student’s roadmap to STEM

Explore STEM • School • Community Activities

Discover your interest and research careers/jobs

Obtain handson experience and develop skills

• Natural Sciences • Life Sciences

• School courses • Extra Curricular Activities /Programs • Hard and Soft Skills

Apply to college or trade school • Research curriculums • Visit schools

Lets Explore STEM Careers

How to get started?

Observe

Explore

Discove r

What are the natural sciences?

Natural Sciences

• The study of the physical world around us • Includes life and physical sciences • Matter, energy, interactions and transformations • Ex. plants, animals, volcanos, gravity, the earth, etc

Breakdown of Natural Sciences Physical Sciences • • • • • • •

Mechanics Electricity Chemistry Earth Astronomy Mathematics the systematic study of the inorganic world

Life Science • the sciences concerned with the study of living organisms • including biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, physiology, biochemistry, and related subjects.

MECHANICS Objects in motion and forces producing motion HYDRAULIC ROBOTIC ARM

WATER ROCKETS

FLEXISTICS

Mechanics These Jobs Require This Knowledge • Mechanical Engineer • Physicist • Material/Civil/ Structural Engineer/Architect

• Mfg /Industrial Engr • Pilot/Astronaut • Construction Worker • Mechanic (Automotive, Diesel)

• Maintenance/Repair Technician

• Machine Operator/Assembly Tech

• HVAC Technician

ELECTRICITY a form of energy resulting from the charged particles

COMPUTER SCIENCE The design of computers SNAP CIRCUITS

BINARY BRACELETS

BOTS

Electronics – devices which control the flow of electrons

ELECTRICTY/Electronics THESE JOBS REQUIRE THIS KNOWLEDGE • Electrical Engineer

• Electronics Engineer • Mechatronics Tech/ Engineer • Robotics Engineer • Construction • Electrician • Utility Worker

Computer Science THESE JOBS REQUIRE THIS KNOWLEDGE • Computer Engineer • Software Developer/Engineer • Mechatronics Tech/ Engineer • Robotics Engineer • Programmer / Coder/Ethical Hacker • Game Designer

Information Technology THESE JOBS REQUIRE THIS KNOWLEDGE • Software developer • Computer systems analyst • IT manager • Information security analyst • Database administrator • Web developer • Computer network architect • Computer systems administrator

CHEMISTRY science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo VOLCANO DEMO

Chemistry THESE JOBS REQUIRE THIS KNOWLEDGE

• Chemist • Pharmacist • Medical Doctor/Nurse/PA • Chemical /Biochemical Engineer • Hair stylist • Pharmacy Tech • Process Engineer • Petroleum Engineer

LIFE SCIENCE The study of living organisms TAKE A CLOSER LOOK (Scopes . . . )

Life Science THESE JOBS REQUIRE THIS KNOWLEDGE • Medical Doctor/Nurse • Clinical Researcher • Veterinarian • Biomedical Engineer • Ag Producer/Farmer/Landscaper • Crop Scientist • Marine Engineer • Biochemist

Earth SCIENCE The study of our planet’s physical characteristics and its atmosphere TAKE A CLOSER LOOK ( …Earth and Space)

EARTH Science / ASTRONOMY THESE JOBS REQUIRE THIS KNOWLEDGE • Meteorologist • Climatologist • Oceanographer • Astronaut • Geologist • Physicist • Environmental Scientist/Engineer

Mathematical SCIENCES A group of areas of study that includes, in addition to mathematics, those academic disciplines that are primarily mathematical in nature but may not be universally considered subfields of mathematics proper.

Mathematical Sciences THESE JOBS REQUIRE THIS KNOWLEDGE • Statisticians • Data Analyst/Scientist • Mathematician • Astronaut/Rocket Scientist • Machine Learning/AI Developer • Various Engineering Jobs • Adjunct Faculty/Instructor • Cryptographer • Accountant/Budget Analyst • Financial Advisor • Actuary • Operation Research Analyst

New STEM Fields/Multidiscipline Areas • Software Engineering • Computer and Info Research • Artificial Intelligence • Systems Engineering • Machine/Deep Learning • Biotechnology • Petroleum Engineering • Water Resources • Cyber Security/IT • Entrepreneur • Supply Chain Integration • Mfg Systems Engr &IE • Mechatronics Engineering

STEM Careers Sites • https://www.learnhowtobec ome.org/career-resource-c enter/careers-in-stem/ • https://www.optnation.com /blog/top-10-stem-careers -list-and-stem-jobs-defin ition-in-demand/ • https://www.usnews.com/ed ucation/best-colleges/art icles/2019-01-24/a-guideto-stem-majors

Class of 2018 Salaries by NACE

STEM Salaries - Engineering • 2019 Starting $70,000 • Mid-Career - $90,000 – 150,000 • Purdue Univ - Types of Engineering Jobs And Salaries

STEM Salaries - Healthcare Occupations • Bureau Labor of Statistics - Healthcare 2018 • Nurse practitioner (MS Degree) – Median $113,000 • Doctors/Surgeons (MD)– Median $200,000 • Physician Assistant – Median $100,000

Blacks in STEM

What contributions have blacks made to the industrial eras?

First, take a high level and in-depth look at each era.

NSBE Mission • The mission of the National Society of Black Engineers is "to increase the number of culturally responsible Black Engineers who excel academically, succeed professionally and positively impact the community."

Blacks Scientists and Inventors have been culturally responsible in an effort to give back, bridge the STEM gap, and to evolve science and society.

They have left legacies in their field of study and in the history of their heritage.

The 1st and 2nd Industrial Revolution Prelude periodAgricultural Revolution (18th Century)

• Cotton picked by the enslaved blacks in the south provided the raw material shipped to England to make cotton clothes , enabling industrial change and growth., at the expense of human capital.

• The agrarian skills of enslaved Africans enabled economic growth in the south. Cheap plantation labor for field work and artisan skilled met growing demands, yet by immoral means.

• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made cotton processing more productive.

• Farm technology improved and the textiles industry grew

1 Industrial Revolution - 1750 – 1850 (circa)

• agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. Mechanization.

• Introduction of Water and Steam Power. Railroad system. Textiles • Started in England. Spread through Europe then US.

st

2nd Industrial Revolution - 1850 – 1914 (circa)

• Advancements in manufacturing and machinery (automobiles) • Electrical power, telegraph, telephones, mass production • New materials and energy sources • Economic advancements and more financial distribution

Early Black Inventors and Scientists – 19th and 20th Century Name

STEM Area

Area of Expertise

Cultural Responsibility

Benjamin Banneker

Astronomy, Earth Science, Mathematician Life Science

Self-taught Mathematician, Inventor, Writer, Surveyed the land for DC. Accurately predicted Solar Eclipse of 1789.

Published almanacs. Built America’s First Clock. It was made entirely of wood

Opposed slavery, advocated civil rights.

Wrote a letter to Sec. of State Thomas Jefferson (1791) Published pamphlets/writings on social activism.

First African-American Scientist

Martin Delany 1812 – 1885 Circa Civil War

Life Science

Physician, dentistry, military surgeon, Harvard Med School Grad, also author/journalist

Abolitionist, Civil War Soldier, the first black man to receive a regular army commission, Pan-Africanist, social activist

Elijah McCoy 1844-1929 Circa Civil War/WWI

Physical Sciences Mechanical Engr Steam and Railroad industries

inventor best known for inventing lubrication devices used to make train travel more efficient.

Family escaped slavery via the Underground Railroad. Pioneer for blacks in Mech Engr. Obtained over 60 patents in spite of racial barriers to work as engr.

Lewis Latimore 1848 – 1929 2nd Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) And WWI

Physical Science (Elect. Engr Incandescent light)

inventor and draftsman best known for his contributions to the patenting of the light bulb and the telephone; early AC unit, railcar bathroom. Patent Knowledge; Flutist and Poet

Supported his family after former fugitive slave father fled north for his protection.

Served in US Navy, Worked with Thomas Edison/Alexander Graham Bell; Civil War Vet Groups

1731-1806 Circa Revolutionary War

Early Black Inventors and Scientists – 19th and 20th century (page 2) Name

STEM Area

Area of Expertise

Cultural Responsibility

Dr. Daniel Hale Williams 1858 – 1931 Reconstruction Era

Life Science

Medical Doctor - Performed First Successful Open-Heart Surgery on a human in 1893

Launched the first interracial hospital in Chicago called Providence

George Washington Carv er 1861-1943 (born a slave) 2nd Industrial Revolution New Negro Movement

Life Science

Agricultural Chemist, Botanist, Crop Researcher Also an artist. Attended Iowa State. Crop Science

Launched the Carver Research Foundation.

Trained poor black farmers/sharecroppers on how to increased crop yield with crop rotation. First Afr-Am to earn a BS Degree 1894.

Madam CJ Walker 1867-1919 Born as Sarah Breedlove Pre-Harlem Renaissance

Self-taught Chemist/

Haircare products and regimens. Entrepreneurship.

Popularized already existing hot comb. Did not invent it.

Economic empowerment. Factory hired thousands of black women. Social activist, philanthropy. Patron of the arts.

Garrett Augustus Morgan 1877-1963 2nd Industrial Revolution

Inventor/SelfTaught, MultiDisciplined

Invented traffic light, gas mask, Revamped Sewing Machine, Hair Straightening Products, Entrepreneurship

Social Activist, Used financial success to advance the black community, started black country club, donated to HBCUs. Black Economic empowerment

Charles Drew 1904-1950 Circa WWII

Life Science

physician and surgeon who was an authority on the preservation of human blood for transfusion.

store large quantities of blood plasma in “blood banks”. Advocating the military to stop the exclusion of blood of blacks from the plasma supply network. Saved thousands in WWII with his contributions.

1st and 2nd Industrial Revolution Black STEM professionals • https://www.whitehousehistory.org/benjamin-banneker Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.

When you do the common things in life in an uncommon way, you will command the attention of the world.

Where there is no vision, there is no hope.

Benjamin BannekerThe first African-American Scientist

1st and 2nd Industrial Revolution Black STEM professionals

1st and 2nd Industrial Revolution Black STEM professionals

George Washington Carver

1st and 2nd Industrial Revolution Black STEM professionals

The 3rd & 4th Industrial Revolution Eras 3rd Industrial Revolution – 1950’s – 1990’s • Smaller analog electronics enables communications and internet • Production Automation, Computers, the start of digitization • Space research and advancements, nuclear energy

4th Industrial Revolution – 2000 – to current • • • •

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Robotics, Disruptive Tech Fusion of the physical, digital and biological technology Sustainable and renewable solutions, Cyber Security, Wireless Autonomous vehicles, 3D printing, biotechnology, wireless mobile devices, nanotechnology, quantum computing, IoT, apps

3rd and 4th Industrial Revolution Black STEM professionals

1918 – present NASA Mathematician

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era first AfricanAmerican woman to earn a Ph.D. from Massachuset ts Institute of Technology (MIT) https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

https://www.npr.org/tem plates/story/story.php? storyId=101412303

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era

https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era

https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era

https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era

https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era

https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era

https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era

https://thinkgrowth.org/14 -black-inventors-you-proba bly-didnt-know-about-3c070 2cc63d2

Black Inventors and Scientists – 3rd & 4th Industrial Era Patricia Bath 1942-2019 the first African American to complete a residency in ophthalmology and the first African American female doctor to receive a medical patent. She invented the Laserphaco Probe for cataract treatment in 1986.

Pioneering Black Astronauts • NASA Facts Sheet on Black Astronauts

Guy Bluford, First AfricanAmerican to travel in outer space Challenger 1983 (Pilot/Astronaut)

Mae Jemison First Black Woman in Space –Endeavor 1992 (Engineer/Physician/As tronaut/Entrepreneur)

Dr. Ronald McNairFallen Astronaut in Challenger 1986 (Physicist)

Michael AndersonFallen Astronaut in Columbia 2003 (Pilot/Scientist)

Architect of the black experience Philip G. Freelon 1953-2019 an architect whose long list of credits includes museums and other cultural institutions devoted to the black experience, among them the National Museum of African American History and Culture on the Mall in Washington.

Recent 4th Industrial Revolution Advancements

A 22-Year-Old MIT Student is Making History As A NASA Engineer

Tiera Guinn is a Rocket and Structural Desig n and Analysis Engineer working on the space launch system that Boeing is constructing for NASA. She is designing the largest and most powerful rocket in history.

Read more on the 2017 artic le here

Robotics Engineer / CEO strikes deal with Apple

Meet The Young Robotics Entrepreneur Who Got A Dream Deal With Apple after creating the world’s first intelligent gaming robot.

Silas Adekunle, CEO of Reach Robotics

Software Engineer develops glove to translate sign language Twenty-five-year-old Kenyan engineer and innovator, Roy Allela, has created a set of gloves that translate sign languages to sound. The Sign-IO gloves essentially translate signed hand movements into audible speech via Bluetooth and a smartphone app.

See Wearable Technologies a rticle – June 2019

First successful surgery to cure deafness with Middle Ear Transplant Professor Mashudu Tshifularo and his team of surgeons have just completed a historic operation that will potentially help many more people who have lost their hearing or are deaf. The procedure used 3D technology to model suitable ossicle implants.

Read more at blackdoctor.org in the Jan 2020 article

Resources

Resources on Blacks In STEM • Video Link - Black Scientists and Inventions • https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/african-ameri can-inventors-20th-and-21st-century / • https://thinkgrowth.org/14-black-inventors-you-probabl y-didnt-know-about-3c0702cc63d2 • https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb00695483/_1.pdf • https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/activities/teachingcontent/famous-african-american-inventors-black-historyamerica-activity/ • https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2019/03/fiveblack-farmers/

Local Youth STEM Org Associates of RTP NSBE • http://firstinspires.org/ • NC STEM Center – WebPortal • United Shades of STEM Facebook Group • RTP NSBE Jr –visit rtpnsbe.org • Marbles Kids Museum • The Forge Initiative – STEM Tech Space • Black Girls Code • Aisymmetry LLC - Young Black Males Focus • Cortechs Robotics Team - Cary Town Center • The Daniel Center for Math and Science • Society of Women Engineers Eastern NC Chapter

Additional Resources • Discover E • Engineering For Kids • Parentology- Parenting The Digital Age • https://www.mastersindatascience.org/blog/the-ultimatestem-guide-for-kids-239-cool-sites-about-sciencetechnology-engineering-and-math • West Wake Regional Library, ask info desk for booklist pulled for the Exploring STEM Careers event Feb 1, 2020 • rtpnsbe.org, the experiences of members and volunteers

Contributors and Contact Thanks to all who contributed to this content in anyway.

- Graphics - Articles - Websites Contact Antonia (Toni) Arnold-McFarland RTP NSBE President, 2019-2020 • https://www.linkedin.com/in/antonia-arnold-mcfarland-6b59322/ • president@nsbertp.org • amarnold@bellsouth.net • 919-576-0051

How is RTP NSBE supporting STEM Education?

By fulfilling our mission . . .

The mission of the National Society of Black Engineers is "to increase the number of culturally responsible Black Engineers who excel academically, succeed professionally and positively impact the community."

Providing A Collegiate Career Mentoring Program

Educating Our Youth In STEM and mentoring them on college readiness

Teaching our history

Being Present in the Community

Taking opportunities to share with all ethnicities

Collaborating Resources

Thank You Cortechs Robotics and Marbles Kids Museum

Taking Tech to the “gap areas� with limited access

Collecting Tech Toys that Teach

Technical Outreach and partnering to enable teaching

Garner Rd Community Center

Washington Terrace

Boys and Girls Club, Durham

Providing Hands On Engagement

Supporting Collegiate Members

Duke University

NC State University NC A&T State University

Attending Summits with Collegiate Members St. Augustine’s Univ

NC State University UNC Chapel Hill

UNC Charlotte

Enabling Technical Excellence for Professionals

Providing Special Interest Groups for Professional Development

Campaigning For Our Cause

Offering Hands on Tutoring –

MLK Weekend

NSBE JR Math Lab Pilot 1/18/2020 - 11:30 – 2:00 PM

We are Honoring the Dream by Serving the community through our technical abilities TORCH AND PCI Activity Sign Up: Toni Arnold-McFarland, Advisor president@nsbertp.org 919-576-0051

Hosting events for awareness of what’s happening to help them

Encouraging participation in fellow STEM events in the area

NSBE JR & Kumon FLL JR Team

Raising funds and encouraging cultural responsibility to increase our volunteer laborers.

Funding for our Future

Providing awareness to the Underprivileged, Underserved and Under-represented April 18, 2020 Sign up at rtpnsbe.org Technical Outreach Community Help Program

Thank You!