Efi Mastrokalou - Architectural Portfolio

PORTFOLIO selected work 2015-2020

Efi Mastrokalou MArch Architectural Design Bartlett school of Architecture | UCL Diploma in Architectural Engineering Technical University of Crete

01

ceARamics

The Bartlett School of Architecture: Design Thesis Project Supervisors: A. Lopez, I. Pantic Collaborators: J. Luo, R. Aldabous, S. AlDaboos Period: 2019-2020

CeARamics questions traditional ceramic making method and propose a system of sticks and weaved rope that act as a substructure to which clay is applied. This allows for mass customization of components and the creation of intricate geometries of varying densities, which are typically limited by traditional ceramic forming processes and the material itself.

The system argues for an AR assisted crafting process which is not limited to only high skilled workers. An augmented reality app is developed, which is divided into two parts.

Firstly, the design part of the app is to be used specifically by designers and secondly, the make part of the app is dedicated to fabrication and can be used by anyone. In the design section of the app the designer/architect can import a volume, control specific data inputs, generate clay parts, choose among weaving styles and control the overall density. When the process is finished, a request for fabricating one’s design can be made. This takes us to the make section of the app, in which users are able to implement the clay components by following simple holographic instructions.

Our main proposal for the application of this system in architecture are ceramic building facades. Although ceramic facades exist today and their benefits are well known (i.e weather resistancy, low-maintenance, natural - recycable material) they are limiting in terms of form and volume.

Therefore, we introduce a system that can produce volumes and elevations defined by their complexity and plasticity, which is possible due to the innovative method of ceramic making that is proposed by this project.

3

Fabrication experimentation

2D frame

Method 01

Extruded 2D frame

3D frame

Core node

Edge nodes

Method 02

In this second attempt we kept the same logic as previously but wanted to extrude our geometries in the third dimension as well.

Therefore, taller nails were applied to our frames so that it would be possible to weave on the z axis.

Method 03

With this third method an exterior 3D frame was created that supports the interior structure made of rope.

Method 04

In order to give three - dimensionality to our pieces a center node was created in which metal sticks are attached. After making the central connection, rope is weaved around the component firstly to create the edges and then the pattern on the faces.

Method 05

The first method was to create a two dimensional wooden frame with nails on which we could weave on.

Evaluation Pros: Easy to weave Cons: Hard to remove

Evaluation Pros: Easy to weave Cons: Hard to remove

Evaluation Pros: Easy to remove Cons: Time consuming

Evaluation Pros: Fast development Cons: Curved Edges

Evaluation Pros: Fast development, rigid edges, easy to remove

4

For the final fabrication method new types of nodes were created that are placed on the corners of our polyhedrons and hold the sticks in place.

These nodes are open from both sides, making it possible to pull away the sticks when the clay is dry.

R

R

R

Component combinations R

R

a

pentahedron

High density

Medium density

Low density

section a R

R R

platonic tetrahedron

R

b High density

Medium density

Low density

section b

Catalogue of Components

Solid

Outline

Pattern

Low Density

Medium Density

High Density 5

+

04

01

04 01 02

03 03 02 02 04 04 01 05 0403 05 04 01

03

02 05 04 ±0

±0

02

02

±004 01 03

±0

03

+

04

How they correspond on the wall

03 05 04

0209/05

±0

05 04 06/03 01+±0 01

+ 04

01 04

Type V

05 04

09/05

±0

±001

07/02

04

03

03

02

±0

040201

Type T

03 04 01

04 01 01

03

02

06

05 04

03

03 05 04

04 02 04 ±01 ±01 03

08/04

02 07

05 03

08

05

02

08 07

02

Type L04

03 02

04

Rule A of (V) + (T)

08 01

02 0301

06

+01

08

01

03 10

04 06

02

09

01

01

08

05

03

04 0202

0303 0505 0404

0101

05 04

0202

0404

+

02

±003 02

02

01

04 04

+

±0 ±0

±0

03

0303 0202 03 02 0203 03 01 05 0404 04 05 04 05 01 09/05 08/04 05 09/05 08/04 08/04 08/0402 09/05 ±0 09/0503 ±0 01 04 04 02 06/03 07/02 06/03 06/0307/02 07/02 06/03 07/02

+

04 + 01 ±0 ±0 ±0 01

+

±0

0303

Rule B of (V)

±0±0

Rule D of (T)

Rule C of (V)

03 02

05

04 01

01 03 03 02

04

01

04

+

03

05

02

06

03 08 04 02

01

07

08

07

03

02 03 02 03 04 02 01 05 04 0403 01 05 04 03 ±0 ±0

02

04

03

Wall & Column diagram 0404

+

04

++

02 0101

+

01

04

01

04

++

01

±0±0

01 04 01

03

01 ±0 04±0 04 01

01 040401

±00202 09/05 09/05

03 ±0±0 03

04

07/02

0505 0404 08/04 08/04

06/03 06/03

02

Aggregation + 01process ±0 ±0 +

Rule F (L)

Rule E (L)

±0 ±0

±0

++

±0

06/03

±0 ±0

+

01

0303 0202 0505 0404 08/04 09/05 09/05 08/04 0202 04 0404 06/03 04 07/02 06/03 07/02

02

04

09/05 06/03

05 04

02

03

0101 0101

03 03 04 03 04 03 09/05 05 05 08/04 09/05 08/04 06/03 07/02 06/03 02 01 07/02 02 02

03

02

02 02 04 04 01

08/04 07/02

01

01

++

++

0303

0505 0404 08/04 09/05 01 08/04 09/05 01 03 06/03 03 07/02 07/02 06/03 0202

01

+

0303 09/05

04 09/05 01 05 03 ±0

01 06/03 02

01

Wall & Column visualization

0303 02 01 02 01

01 09/05 03 02 06/03

03

05 04

08/04 02

+

03 04 050303

07

01

Rule G (L)

04 01

0203

08

02

03

Aggregations - +rule combinations 05 08

07

06

06 10

06 07

02

03 04 07

09

03

+

04

02

03 01

02

03 03 02

06

09

+

02

02

01

02 02

04 02

Rule A06 (L&S) 06

05

10

06

05

05

08

07

10

08

+

07 09

07

02

07

08

10

07/10

01

08

03 01

06

±01

07 07

01

01

01

04

08

01

02

10 09

02

03

08

0

+

08 07 09

+

L: A + B07 + C + D +G 08

07/10

10

09

L:10A + B + C + D

07/10

L: A + B + C + D + E

03

08/04

06/03 02 01 07/02 02 01

02

01

02 Catalogue of aggregations 05 04 09/05 + 01 06/03

03

03

08/04 07/02

02

01

L: B + C

All for L + all for S + all for V

L: B + C + G

All for L + all for S

L: B + C + E

All for L + all for S

Initial design studies

Generative process (I)

Generative process (II)

The wall and column exploration above are part of the initial design studies of the project. The diagrams above illustrate how the components from the previous catalogue are combined to correspond to a wall and column study according to density and type.

For the initial exploration of the generative process we used the basic tetrahedron and pentahedron (Type V & T). The specific components with the rules they are given can generate within a field of any type of geometry and in any direction. In the aggregation catalogue above, generative logic (I) was used to create these types of spatial elements of different form and dispersion.

The rules that create the combinations depend on the number that is on each face. By attaching faces with different numbers the result will change.

The surfaces that attach should always match. The catalogue of aggregations above, varies from examples that combine all the generation rules, to examples that include aspecific selection of rules and their combinations.

6

+ 01

+01

10

Rule C (S) 06

01

01

07 03 01

02

±01

06

05

07

06

08

07

03 03

06

08

01

+

05

04

08

07

09

02

02

+01

02 07

06

Rule D (L)

04

02 +01

0509

07

02

04

Rule B (S)

06

08 07

02

10

06

05

06

04

07

05 06

02

05

07

02

Rule C (L)05 03

04

03 02 09 05

10

09

05

08

04 05 04 08/04 05 09/05 08/04 09/05 08/04 01 03 07/02 06/03 06/03 07/02 02 07/02

03

07

08

05

02

08 0502

08

04

Rule A (S) 07

02 06

07/02

07/02

02

02

02 03 06

01

03

08

03

0303

08/04 01 07/02 02

07

0303 0202

0101

07/02

0202

04 04 01

04

01 04

+

06

08/04

06/03

03

05 09/05 01 01 04010106/03

02

02

0102 02

06

03

07/02 07/02

02

03 02 ±0 ±0 05 04 08/04 09/05

05 04

09/05

±0

04

03

03

03

04

03 08

03 01 02

03 06

02

06

02

02

04

02

02

Rule B of (V) + (T)*4

03

02

03

02

04 04

02

0303

03

03

0303

08/04

04

+

±0

04 01

03

05 04

09/05 06/03

++

01

07

02

01 05

03

05

02

Rule B (L) ±0

±01

03 01

02

02

05 03 04 03 06 04 06 02

±01

02

02

-01

04

+

06

02

01

03

04

06 09

01

+01

03 02

05

01 05

Rule A (L)

10

04

07

02

+01

02

02

Type S

05 06

07

04 02

+01

06

02 06

05

02

±0 03 03

02

02

±01

03

-01

02

09

03

04

04

10 02

02

According to algorithmic rules

01

06 09

+01

02

Component combinations

03

03 04

05 04

±01

01

08

1007 06

+01

02 03

03

+01

05

05

03

04 07

02

05

04

03

10 06

09

-01

08

02

03 02

06

07

07/02

03

05

05

03 04

02

03

±0

08 05

07

03 07

01 06/03

03

01

05

09/05

±0

04

02 03 04

±01

According to algorithmic rules 02

+03

+01

02

03 02

07/02

Component combinations

02 08/04 04

04 01 08/04

06/03

02

+

±0

03

03

02

01

±0

Solid components - Size: A ±0

+

07

03

+

04

Weaving style recognition Drawing

Drawing lines on phone screen

Digital model - unfolded

Weaving style 2

Weaving style 3

Weaving style 4

Weaving style 5

Weaving style 6

Weaving style 7

Weaving style 8

Trasnfer to design software

Unfold faces to 2D

Component-wireframe

Grid tracking

Weaving style 1

Face 1-2-3

Digital curves

Digital craftsmanship

Face 3-4-5

Digital curves 3-4-5

Face 4-6-10

Digital curves 4-6-10

AR allows the user to virtually draw “weaving lines� through the screen of a mobile phone on the physical model. In the diagrams in the left we can see that the curves that are drawn are automatically transferred to a design software, through the AR application. This allows the user to rapidly decide on the weaving style he prefers and instantly have the digital model of it. The aggregations above are exactly the same but with clay parts of different weaving styles. It is interesting to see how the way a person weaves can influence the overall outcome .

7

AR-Assembly-Weaving

Equipment for assembly

App development for component assembly

Selected components

Number of clay parts needed

Number of parts user can provide

Component catalogue

Component to start assenblying

Instructions-Launch AR simulation

Ship components when done

application These two photos display the setup of the equipment users would need in order to assemble the component frame. The rope, sticks and nodes would be delivered to the users once they make their request for availability. Other than that, the only extra part would be the mobile phone -the tripod is not mandatory but helps with stability. Therefore, we realize that the process can be done by anyone without the need of expensive gadgets. The procedure is multidisciplinary and expands the production chain allowing for a fully democratized manufacturing process which is enabled through our AR technology. ΑR simplifies the process of making even for someone who is doing it for the first time.

8

Facade option 01

Facade option 02

Facade option 03

Algorithmic implementation on facades The images above display the application of our ceramic parts on three versions of building facades, which were implemented by the generative logic explained in the previous diagrams. Facade 01 is divided into four “barrel-like” shapes. Every barrel is dense at the parts that frame the ground glass panels and becomes more sparce as it moves up to the main body of the building. Facade 02 is uniform, creating a “wave-like” effect on its surface. On the highest point of these wave formations the porosity becomes low allowing light to flow in. In facade 03, extruded rectangles were designed that intersect on different levels giving volume to the facade.

9

02

Mediterranean hydrotherapy complex Technical University of Crete: Academic project Supervisor: A. Oungrinis Collaborator: K. Balampani Period: 2015-2016

Location: Chania, Crete, Greece

Plot area: 7.600 sqm

The Mediterranean hydrotherapy complex is a patient recovery site. Its basic goal is the best possible reintegration of the patients into the community. The main idea for the building was the creation of free flowing spaces with no boundaries that are in absolute harmony with the environment. This was achieved by making the ground the basic element of the synthesis. Its role is very inportant since it forms and gives substance to the building, but also connects the different levels of the building with eachother. An important key to this project is that all the spaces except for the private rooms of the patients, can be accessed by all members of the community so that the patients will not feel excluded.

basic movements 1 2

connections

building-environment

entrance/exterior space

sea

main entrance city of Chania

entrance to private spaces entrance to public spaces swimming pool

north entrance

treatment rooms private rooms restaurant/cafe 12

south entrance (from street)

masterplan

Section A

Floor plan level: +4.50 m The upper corridor is completely secluded from the rest of the spaces in the complex, since it leads to the private dormitories of the patients and 3 common rooms. Beside the main corridor there is a second one that acts as a buffer zone. It provides various sitting solutions at its length and contributes in creating a neighborhood feeling for the patients.

section a

section b

section c Floor plan level: - 1.50 m The upper corridor is at the level of +3.50m and leads to the private rooms of the patients. The end of this corridor continues downwards, taking the form of a ramp and finally stopping at the swimming pool area.

In addition, the walls of the upper corridor are extended to the level of -3.50 m. forming a double height corridor which connects the reception area with the treatment rooms and hydrotherapy spas.

14

Light A very important issue in this project was how the long corridors which were encompassed by large solid walls would allow light to freely flow inside.

Openings were designed on the ceilings, on the floor (+3.50m), and on the west elevation. The sections and 3d visualisations which show the antithesis between light and shadow, give us a sense of what it feels like to move inside these spaces.

section d

03

Water|color park

Technical University of Crete: Diploma design thesis Supervisor: P. Karamanea Collaborator: K. Louka Period: March, 2018

Location: Athens, Greece Plot area: 82500 sqm

green spaces boulder Katrakeio theatre sports stadium typical street patterm makeshift encampment

area-difference in altitude water flow-signifies the entrances

The area in which we are intervening through our Diploma thesis is Nikaia and specifically the envrironment surrounding the open air theatre named “Katrakeio� which is of significant cultural value. Sadly this great cultural space currently shows signs of abandonment and desertion. We have therefore decided to create a park that includes a variety of uses (such as sports, culture, an organised housing facility, playground, crop areas, a skate park etc), but also different spatial features such as small plateaus, squares, paths, hills, green spaces with intense or mild vegetation, so that the area will act as a pole of attraction for citizens at all times of the day and all months of the year.

An important aspect of the proposal is the introduction of the element of water that flows throughout the project and signifies the two entrances to the park (EastWest). Equally important is the design of a building of cultural use that appears to be coming out of the rock.

development of the main path of the park based on the natural curvature of the area

the mountains create internal curves

parking spaces entrances

the junction of the main streets of the area is the beginning of the proposed circulation axis that allows vehicles to easily move towards and away from the park

new street opening

junction of main streets

masterplan

18

The Park The sections above show in detail two examples of water in the park. It is either placed at the same level as the ground, or lower, allowing the user to sit at the edge.

The area is divided by a main road (axis) that enables vehicle movement. In most parts of the area, this road is below the general ground level. The current situation is illustrated in the diagrams bellow. Our proposal is the creation of platforms that resolve the altitude difference within the area and simultaneously achieve continuous visual contact and direct access to all parts of the park.

current situation

proposal

longitudinal section

main pedestrian route alternative pedestrian routes

Building-Park The sections above show in detail two examples of water in the park. It is either placed at the same level as the ground, or lower, allowing the user to sit at the edge.

The area is divided by a main road (axis) that enables vehicle movement. In most parts of the area, this road is below the general ground level. The current situation is illustrated in the diagrams bellow. Our proposal is the creation of platforms that resolve the altitude difference within the area and simultaneously achieve continuous visual contact and direct access to all parts of the park.

boulder walking path

path elevation boulder

building development

The Building In the section above, the metallic structure that moves upwards becomes the roof of the building and is a space dedicated to outdoor exhibitions and leisure activities. The building is fully connected to the park both through the metallic structure and through the plaza.

The boulder is in direct contact with the building in the back and frames the corridor and reception area. On the ground level an exhibition space that continues upstairs, a cafe-bar and a theatre have been placed. On the upper level multi-functional spaces are formed, appropriate for seminars and workshops, as well as some offices and a library.

floor plan | ground floor

floor plan | first floor

04

OďŹƒces in Alexandras Ave.

Hiboux Architecture: Professional project Client: Niometrics Supervisor: M. Xyntaraki Period: 2019 (Complete)

© 2013 Hiboux Architecture. All rights reserved.

Location: Athens, Greece Size: 512 sqm

The project was to convert an existing office floor into a new one. The floor plan is defined by linear almost continuous windows that face Alexandras Avenue. The rear side of the building, although doesn’t face the street, is also characterized by its linear openings.

The goal was to enhance and highlight the fact that the the space’s openings stand across from eachother in such a way that the newly designed spaces would benefit from the sunlight, natural ventilation and view of the urban Athenian landscape.

The image above displays the entrance to the company.

The space has a low and curved window sill which we used to our advantage to create the wooden furniture piece that is seen in the photo. The piece covers the window sill and complements the existing window and the view to the city.

As part of the studio I was one of the main collaborators of the project’s design. I was also in charge of the elaboration of furniture detail drawings, renderings and helped with material selection.

working space

kitchen

dining area sunlight view

view

sunlight

office office meeting

reading area

office office

office

ea smoking ar

working space

office meeting

office

office

Space distribution

view

view

secondary use spaces (wc, rack rooms etc)

Divider distribution

Floor plan The employees’ working stations are placed in open plan adjacent to the linear continuous openings of the facade. The entrance lounge and dining area were also decided to be in the spaces facing Alexandras ave. so they would benefit from the view and sunlight.

dividers oriented vertically to the views supportive uses (wc, racks etc)

24

The private offices of the executives are located in the back and are divided with the use of wooden walls placed vertically to the view, while glass doors are placed parallel to it. This way, the idea of the windows that create a frame for the landscape of Athens is repeated internally in the entire office, while at the same time the visual communication between workstations is ensured.

[1] [2] Smoking area [3] Dining area [4] Entrance space [5] Working space [6] Private office

[1]

[4]

[2]

[5]

[3]

[6]

Š 2013 Hiboux Architecture. All rights reserved.

25

[7]

26 Š 2013 Hiboux Architecture. All rights reserved.

[8]

[7] Private offices [8] Reading area [9] Bookcase close-up

[9]

© 2013 Hiboux Architecture. All rights reserved.

27

05

Studio apartment

Technical University of Crete: Academic project Supervisor: D. Tsakalakis Collaborator: K. Balampani Period: June, 2015

kitchen

office

bathroom

closet space

b Location: Chania, Crete, Greece Size: 38 sqm

The basic idea for this project is a wooden centrepiece (length: 6,60 m, width: 0,14 m, height: 2,70 m) that divides the apartment into two separate spaces (private - common). This wooden “wall” has wooden panels vertically attached to it, which either create the bases of furniture for the apartment, or in the case of the bathroom, to isolate it from the other spaces.

On the one side of the centrepiece a small living room, desk and kitchen were placed and on the other, the bedroom and bathroom.

a

c

living room bedroom

Sectional elevations section a

3D Visualizations

30

section b

section c

wood screws screwed in different debths of the wooden beam

3D rendering - floor plan cement mortar (with silicon rains)

sound insulation reinforced concrete

setscrew and nut

press formed steel (Π shaped) wood screw, plug and washer

wooden beam (6.00 x 6.00 cm)

wood screw wooden boards

wooden piece

(l: 1.55m, w:0.08m, h: 2.50 m) press formed steel

(Π shaped-5.00 mm)

31

06

xCurve chair

Technical University of Crete: Academic project Supervisor: A.Vazakas Collaborators: K. Balampani E. Douka, M. Gioule Period: June, 2016

Parametric design Τhe influence for this project was Le Corbusier’s chaise longue. We designed and constructed a chair which could be parameterized and turned into a chaise longue. Τhe basic material used for the chair construction was plywood as well as some metallic elements for connecting individual parts.

The construction of the chair in real size dimensions (1:1) was implemented with the use of the CNC machine.

The models of smaller scale were implemented with the help of the laser cutter machine and use of thinner plywood sheets.

33

Le Corbusier’s chaise longue analysis Initial sketches

chaise longue

chair

seat

element that connectts and supports the seat

base

finalized chair model

physical model (1:1)

Individual chair parts

Chair parameterization

Construction

main piece for support individual seat

part with no seat

axonometric

xCurve chair

“C” shaped seat

Middle stage “walking stick”

metallic nuts

metal bars

front

back

Chaise longue

wooden caps 35

Efi Mastrokalou Š 2020