SUMMARYOFCONTENTS
Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter1 INTRODUCTION:FREEDOMOFDISPOSITION
Chapter2 INTESTACY:ANESTATEPLANBYDEFAULT
Chapter3 WILLS:FORMALITIESANDFORMS
Chapter4 WILLS:CAPACITYANDCONTESTS
Chapter5 WILLS:CONSTRUCTION
Chapter6 TRUSTS:CHARACTERISTICSANDCREATION
Chapter7 NONPROBATETRANSFERSANDPLANNINGFOR INCAPACITY
Chapter8 LIMITSONFREEDOMOFDISPOSITION: PROTECTIONOFTHESPOUSEANDCHILDREN
Chapter9 TRUSTS:FIDUCIARYADMINISTRATION
Chapter10 TRUSTS:ALIENATIONANDMODIFICATION
Chapter11 TRUSTS:CHARITABLEPURPOSES,CYPRES,AND SUPERVISION
Chapter12 TRUSTS:POWERSOFAPPOINTMENT
Chapter13 TRUSTS:CONSTRUCTIONANDFUTUREINTERESTS
Chapter14 THERULEAGAINSTPERPETUITIESANDTRUST DURATION
Chapter15 WEALTHTRANSFERTAXATION
Table of Cases
Author Index
Index
a.Representation
b.RepresentationinWillsandTrusts
3.Ancestors,Collaterals,andOthers
a.Parents
b.OtherAncestorsandCollaterals
c.LaughingHeirs
d.StepchildrenandIn-Laws
e.Half-Bloods
f.Escheat
4.DisinheritancebyNegativeWill
C.TransferstoChildren
1.AdoptedChildren
a.FormalAdoption
Hall v. Vallandingham
b.AdultAdoption
c.AdoptionandWillsandTrusts
Minary v. Citizens Fidelity Bank & Trust Co.
d.EquitableAdoption
O’Neal v. Wilkes
2.PosthumousChildren
3.NonmaritalChildren
4.ReproductiveTechnologyandNewFormsof Parentage
a.PosthumouslyConceivedChildren
Woodward v. Commissioner of Social Security
b.PosthumouslyConceivedChildrenandWillsand Trusts
c.SurrogacyandOpposite-SexMarriedCouples
d.AssistedReproductionandSame-SexCouples
e.The2008AmendmentstotheUPC
5.AdvancementsandHotchpot
a.AdvancementsatCommonLaw
b.Hotchpot
c.AdvancementsinModernLaw
UniformProbateCode§2-109
6.GuardianshipandConservatorshipofMinors
a.GuardianofthePerson
b.PropertyManagementOptions
D.BarstoSuccession
1.TheSlayerRule
In re Estate of Mahoney
TheUnworthyHeir
2.Disclaimer
a.FromCommonLawtoStatutoryLaw
b.AvoidingTaxes
c.AvoidingCreditors
d.DisclaimerstoQualifyforMedicaid
Chapter3WILLS:FORMALITIESANDFORMS
A.ExecutionofWills
1.AttestedWills
a.TheCoreFormalities
UniformProbateCode§2-502
b.TheFunctionsofFormalities
JohnH.Langbein,SubstantialCompliance withtheWillsAct
c.TheStrictComplianceRule
Stevens v. Casdorph
TheMeaningof“Presence”
The“Signature”Requirement
d.InterestedWitnessesandPurgingStatutes
(1)FromDisqualificationtoPurging
(2)TheTrendAwayfromPurging
e.ModelExecutionCeremony
TheSelf-ProvingAffidavit
SafeguardingaWill
f.AdHocRelieffromStrictCompliance
In re Pavlinko’s Estate
In re Snide
g.TheSubstantialComplianceDoctrine
TheUnfulfilledPromiseofSubstantial Compliance
In re Strittmater’s Estate
Breeden v. Stone
B.UndueInfluence
1.WhatIsUndueInfluence?
2.UndueInfluenceintheCases
In re Estate of Sharis
PresumptionsandBurdenShiftinginUndue
InfluenceCases
In re Will of Moses
Lipper v. Weslow
BequeststoLawyersandFiduciaryAppointments
3.PlanningforandAvoidingaWillContest
a.WarningSigns
b.Strategies
C.Duress
Latham v. Father Divine
InterferencewithInheritance,RestitutionandUnjust Enrichment,andConstructiveTrust
D.Fraud
E.TortiousInterferencewithanExpectancy
Schilling v. Herrera
Chapter5WILLS:CONSTRUCTION
A.MistakenorAmbiguousLanguageinWills
1.PlainMeaningandNoReformation
Mahoney v. Grainger
In re Estate of Cole
2.AdHocReliefforMistakenTerms
Arnheiter v. Arnheiter
In re Gibbs’ Estate
3.OpenlyReformingWillsforMistake
UniformProbateCode§2-805
In re Estate of Duke
B.DeathofBeneficiaryBeforeDeathofTestator
1.LapsedandVoidDevises
In re Estate of Russell
2.AntilapseStatutes
UniformProbateCode§2-605
a.PresumedIntent
b.Scope
c.DefaultRules
d.WordsofSurvivorship
Ruotolo v. Tietjen
3.ClassGifts
a.WhatIsaClass?
Restatement(Third)ofProperty:Willsand OtherDonativeTransfers§§13.1,13.2
Dawson v. Yucus
b.ApplicationofAntilapseStatutestoClassGifts
4.SummaryDiagram
C.ChangesinPropertyAfterExecutionofWill
1.AdemptionbyExtinction
In re Estate of Anton
UniformProbateCode§2-606
2.StockSplitsandtheProblemofIncrease
3.SatisfactionofGeneralPecuniaryBequests
4.ExonerationofLiens
5.Abatement
Chapter6TRUSTS:CHARACTERISTICSANDCREATION
A.TheTrustinAmericanLaw
1.OriginsoftheTrust
2.SourcesofLaw
MaxM.Schanzenbach&RobertH.Sitkoff,The PrudentInvestorRuleandTrustAssetAllocation: AnEmpiricalAnalysis
3.Vocabulary,Typology,andIllustrativeUses
4.BifurcationofOwnership
5.ATrustComparedwithaLegalLifeEstate
a.LegalLifeEstate
b.EquitableLifeEstate—ATrust
a.DefaultLaw
b.AdvanceDirectives
c.PhysicianAidinDying
3.DispositionoftheBody
a.Post-MortemRemains
b.OrganDonation
Chapter8LIMITSONFREEDOMOFDISPOSITION: PROTECTIONOFTHESPOUSEANDCHILDREN
A.ProtectionoftheSurvivingSpouse
1.TheElectiveShareofaSeparatePropertySurviving Spouse
a.EconomicPartnershiporSupportObligation? UniformProbateCodeArticleII,Part2, GeneralComment
b.UnmarriedCohabitingPartners
c.VariationAcrosstheStates
d.NonprobateProperty
(1)JudicialResponses Sullivan v. Burkin
(2)StatutoryReform In re Estate of Myers
e.TheUniformProbateCode
f.WaiverbyPremaritalorPostnuptialAgreement UniformPremaritalandMaritalAgreement Act§9
Reece v. Elliott
2.CommunityProperty
a.TheSpreadoftheCommunityPropertySystem
b.ManagementandDispositionofCommunity Property
3.MigratingCouplesandMultistatePropertyHoldings
a.MovingfromSeparatePropertytoCommunity Property
b.MovingfromCommunityPropertytoSeparate Property
4.MiscellaneousAdditionalRights
a.SocialSecurity
b.PensionandRetirementAccounts
c.Homestead
d.PersonalPropertySet-Aside
e.FamilyAllowance
f.DowerandCurtesy
B.IntentionalOmissionofaChild
1.AmericanLaw
2.TheFamilyMaintenanceSystemofthe Commonwealth Lambeff v. Farmers Co-operative Executors & Trustees Ltd.
C.ProtectionAgainstUnintentionalOmission
1.SpouseOmittedfromPremaritalWill UniformProbateCode§2-301 In re Estate of Prestie
2.UnintentionalDisinheritanceofaChild UniformProbateCode§2-302
Gray v. Gray In re Estate of Jackson
Chapter9TRUSTS:FIDUCIARYADMINISTRATION
A.FromLimitedPowerstoFiduciaryAdministration
1.FromConveyancetoManagement
JohnH.Langbein,RiseoftheManagementTrust
2.Trustees’Powers
3.FiduciaryGovernance
RobertH.Sitkoff,TrustLawasFiduciary GovernancePlusAssetPartitioning
B.TheDutyofLoyalty
Hartman v. Hartle
In re Gleeson’s Will In re Rothko
C.TheDutyofPrudence
1.ConsentoftheBeneficiaries
a.EnglishLaw
b.The Claflin Doctrine
In re Estate of Brown
c.TheUTCandtheRestatement(Third)ofTrusts
UniformTrustCode§411
2.DeviationandChangedCircumstances
a.TraditionalLaw
b.ExtensiontoDispositiveProvisions
UniformTrustCode§412
In re Riddell
c.TaxObjectives
3.TrustDecanting
Harrell v. Badger
C.TrusteeRemoval
UniformTrustCode§706
Davis v. U.S. Bank National Association
Chapter11TRUSTS:CHARITABLEPURPOSES,CYPRES,AND SUPERVISION
A.CharitablePurposes
Shenandoah Valley National Bank v. Taylor
B.CyPresandDeviation
1.CyPres
a.Illegal,Impossible,orImpracticable
In re Neher’s Will
b.Wasteful
SanFranciscoChronicle:TheBuckTrust
2.Deviation
PhiladelphiaStory:TheBarnesFoundation
3.DiscriminatoryTrusts
C.EnforcementofCharitableTrusts
1.TraditionalLaw
2.SettlorStanding
Smithers v. St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center
3.LocalPolitics
TheSweetestPlaceonEarth:Hershey’sKiss-Off
4.PersonswithaSpecialInterestintheTrust
5.FederalSupervision
HawaiiJournal:TheBishopEstate
Chapter12TRUSTS:POWERSOFAPPOINTMENT
A.Purposes,Terminology,andTypesofPowers
1.TerminologyandRelationships
a.TheParties
b.Creation
c.GeneralandNongeneralPowers
d.TimeandMannerofExercise
e.OwnershipEquivalence
f.AFiduciaryPowerofAppointment?
2.TaxConsiderations
a.GeneralandNongeneralPowers
b.FlexibilityWithoutEstateTaxLiability
3.CreditorRights
Irwin Union Bank & Trust Co. v. Long
B.ExerciseofaPowerofAppointment
1.ManifestationofIntent
Beals v. State Street Bank & Trust Co.
2.FormalRequirementsImposedbytheDonor
a.TheNatureoftheInstrument
b.SpecificReferenceRequirement
UniformProbateCode§2-704
3.PermissibleExerciseofthePower
a.AppointmenttoanObject
Timmons v. Ingrahm
b.AppointmentinFurtherTrust
Brown v. Miller
c.CreationofaNewPowerofAppointment
d.ExclusiveandNonexclusivePowers
e.SalvageDoctrines:AllocationandCapture
(1)Allocation
1.SavingClauses
2.Reformation(orCyPres)
3.Wait-and-See
4.AbolitionoftheRuleAgainstPerpetuities
RobertH.Sitkoff&MaxM.Schanzenbach, JurisdictionalCompetitionforTrustFunds:An EmpiricalAnalysisofPerpetuitiesandTaxes
LawrenceW.Waggoner,FromHeretoEternity: TheFollyofPerpetualTrusts
JesseDukeminier&JamesE.Krier,TheRiseofthe PerpetualTrust
5.TheRestatement(Third)ofProperty
Restatement(Third)ofProperty:WillsandOther
DonativeTransfers§27.1
C.ApplicationoftheRuletoClassGiftsandPowersof Appointment
1.ClassGifts
a.TheAll-or-NothingRule
b.ExceptionstotheAll-or-NothingRule
(1)GiftstoSubclasses
(2)SpecificSumtoEachClassMember
2.PowersofAppointment
a.GeneralPowersPresentlyExercisable
(1)ValidityofPower
(2)ValidityofExercise
b.GeneralTestamentaryPowersandNongeneral Powers
(1)ValidityofPower
(2)ValidityofExercise
c.TheDelawareTaxTrap
D.OtherDurationalLimits
1.TheRuleAgainstSuspensionofthePowerof Alienation
2.TheRuleAgainstAccumulationsofIncome
A.TheFederalGiftTax
1.TaxableGifts
a.InadequateConsiderationinMoney’sWorth
b.Completion
c.JointTenancy
d.IncomeTaxBasis
e.LiabilityforGiftandEstateTaxes
2.TheAnnualExclusion
Estate of Cristofani v. Commissioner
3.TheMaritalDeductionandGiftSplitting
B.TheFederalEstateTax
1.AThumbnailSketch
2.TheGrossEstate
a.TheProbateEstate
b.JointTenancy
c.AnnuitiesandEmployeeDeathBenefits
d.LifeInsurance
e.RetainedRightsorPowers
Estate of Maxwell v. Commissioner
Old Colony Trust Co. v. United States
FamilyLimitedPartnerships
f.RevocableTransfers
g.TransfersWithinThreeYearsofDeath
h.PowersofAppointment
Estate of Vissering v. Commissioner
3.Deductions
a.TheMaritalDeduction
(1)RequirementstoQualify
(2)TheNondeductibleTerminableInterest Rule
(3)ExceptionstotheNondeductibleInterest Rule
(4)QualifiedDomesticTrusts
(5)TaxPlanningforSpouses:TheCredit ShelterTrustandPortability
b.TheCharitableDeduction
C.TheGeneration-SkippingTransferTax
1.TheNatureoftheTax
a.ATaxableGeneration-SkippingTransfer
b.WhenGSTTaxMustBePaid
2.ExemptionandExclusions
D.StateEstateandInheritanceTaxes
E.IncomeTaxationofGrantorTrusts
Table of Cases Author Index Index
