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Telecommunications Law and Regulation

Telecommunications

Law and Regulation

Fifth Edition

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

© The Contributors 2018

The moral rights of the authors have been asserted

Fourth Edition published in 2012

Fifth Edition published in 2018

Impression: 1

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer

Crown copyright material is reproduced under Class Licence Number C01P0000148 with the permission of OPSI and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland

Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942280

ISBN 978– 0–19– 880741– 4

Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.

Preface

The origins of this book lie in a LLM course in Telecommunications Law, for which I became responsible when I joined the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, at Queen Mary University of London in 1992, and still teach today. One problem faced by our students in those early days was the lack of a suitable textbook, as those targeted at the professional adviser market were priced appropriately. The first edition, published by Blackstone in 2001, was the affordable and accessible single work that we felt was missing in the market. The publication of the second edition, in 2005, was by Oxford University Press. For the third edition, in 2009, my co-editor, John Angel, stepped down from the role due to other commitments. I would like to record my thanks to John for his invaluable input to this project. The fourth edition was published in 2012.

This fifth edition substantially updates the fourth edition. In terms of new material, all the chapters have changed significantly, reflecting the ongoing legal and regulatory developments occurring in the sector. While no new chapters were required, we welcome some new authors and remain immensely grateful to all the contributors for their input. The organization of the book remains structured into six parts: Fundamentals; Regulatory Regimes; Key Regulatory Issues; Telecommunications Transactions; Communications Content; and International Regulatory Regimes.

The telecommunications sector continues to be of strategic importance to states, both as an activity in its own right as well as an infrastructure over which trade is carried out. Rapid technological and market developments confront the legal frameworks that are designed to regulate the sector, challenging legislators, regulators, and advisers. This book attempts, but inevitably fails, to keep up with such developments and the challenges they generate. While the law should be correct up to January 2018, we have managed to sneak some amendments in up until June 2018.

Professor Ian Walden Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary, University of London Of Counsel, Baker McKenzie June 2018

Graeme Maguire, Joanne

Bostjan Makarovic

Daithí Mac Síthigh

Table of Cases

A&M Records, Inc v Napster, Inc, 239 F 3d 1004 (2001) (‘Napster’)

ABC/Général des Eaux/Canal+/WHSmith (Case IV/M .110) [1991] OJ C244

737– 8

AEG Telefunken v Commission (Case 107/82) [1983] ECR 3151 539

AGC v ISTAT (Case C-240/15), 28 July 2016 .

Agincourt Steamship Co Ltd v Eastern Extension, Australasia and China Telegraph Co Ltd [1907] 2 KB 305, CA

182

804

Aimster Copyright Litigation, In Re, 334 F 3d 643 (7th Cir 2003) 737

Airtours/First Choice (IV/M . 1524) [2000] OJ L 93/01, 13 .4 . 2000

Airtours v Commission (T-342/99) [2002] 5 CMLR 7 175

AKZO Chemie BV v Commission of the European Communities (C- 62/86) [1991] ECR I-3359, [1993] 5 CMLR 215 36, 555, 559

Alliance for Community Media v FCC, 529 F 3d 763 (6th Cir 2008) .

ALS Scan v Remarq Communities Inc, 239 F 3d 619 (4th Cir 2001) 743

Ameren Corporation v FCC, 865 F 3d 1009 (8th Cir 2017)

American Bird Conservancy, Inc and Forest Conservation Council v FCC, 516 F 3d 1027 (DC Cir 2008)

American Civil Liberties Union v Reno 21 US 844 (1997) 735

AOL and Time Warner (Case No COMP/M .1845), OJ L 268/28, 9 .10

2001

Arcor AG & Co KG and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, (C-152/07 and C-154/07) [2008] ECR I-5959; [2008] 3 CMLR 37

Arcor AG & Co KG v Bundesrepublik Deutschland (C-55/06) 24 April 2008

Areva/Siemens (Case COMP/39736), 18 June 2012

AT&T Corp v Iowa Utilities Board, 525 US 366 (1999)

AT&T v City of Portland, 216 F 3d 871 (2000

AT&T Wireless PCS v Virginia Beach, 155 F 3d 423 (4th Cir 1998)

254– 5

Attorney- General v Edison Telephone Company of London (1880) 6 QBD 244 103, 293, 400

Austria v Commission (C- 411/02) ECJ, ECRI- 8155, 16 March 2004

160, 674

Autronic AG v Switzerland (1990) 12 EHRR 485 684

A v France (1994) 17 EHRR 462

BAI and Commission v Bayer (C-2 and 3/01P) [2004] ECRI-23

Bais Yaakov of Spring Valley v FCC, No 14-1234 (DC Cir 31 March 2017)

670

278 B ă rbulescu v Romania (5 September 2017) (Application No . 61496/08)

Base Co NV v Ministeraad (Case C-1/14), (2015), Judgment of Third Chamber, 11 June 2015

Base NV and others v Ministeraad (Case C-389/08), 6 October 2010

Base NV v Commission (T-295- 06), 22 February 2008

Bell Atlantic Telephone Companies v FCC, 206 F 3d 1 (2000)

649, 673–4

181

248 Bellsouth/SBC/JV (Case COMP/M .1946), OJ C 202/5, 15 July 2000

Bertelsmann/Kirch/Première (Case COMP/JV 37), decision of 27 May 1998, OJ L 53, 27 2 1999 567

Biret International v Council (C-93/02) [2006] 1 CMLR 17

838

Blast, Re [2016] NICA 16 694

Bonnier Audio AB and Others v Perfect Communication Sweden AB (Case C- 461/10) OJ C 317, 20/11/2010 735

Breyer (Patrick) v Germany (Case 582/14) [2016] 19 October 2016

748

British Airways (Case C-95/04P) C:2006 571

British Telecommunications plc v Ofcom (Judgment Market Definition) [2017] CAT 25

88, 365, 474

British Telecommunications plc v Ofcom (Market Definition Ruling) [2017] CAT 17 88, 123, 178

British Telecommunications, Re (41/83) [1985] 2 CMLR 368

Bronner (Oscar) GmbH & Co v Mediaprint Zeitungs and Zeitschriftveriag GmbH & Co KG, and Others (C-7/97) [1998] ECR 1-7791 .

161

561–2, 573, 835

BSkyB/Kirch Pay TV (Case COMP/IV 37), 21 March 2000, OJ C 110, 15 April 2000 567

Bunt v Tilley [2006] 3 All ER 336

Cable & Wireless et al v FCC, No 97–1612, DC Cir, 12 January 1999

744

825

Centrafarm v Sterling Drug, Case 15-74 [1974] ECR 1147 397

Centrafarm v Winthrop, Case 16-74 [1974] ECR 1183

Central Hudson Gas & Elec Corp v Public Service Commission, 447 US 557 (1980)

Centre Belge d’Etudes de Marché-Télé-Marketing v Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Telediffusion SA and Information Publicite Benelux SA (311/84) [1986] 2 CMLR 558 .

Chambers v DPP [2012] EWHC 2157 (Admin)

Cincinnati v Discovery Network, Inc, 507 US 410 (1993)

161

Cityhook Ltd v OFT and Others [2007] CAT 18 806

Comcast v FCC, 600 F 3d 642 (2010) .

Commission v Belgium (C-11/95) [1996] ECR I- 4115 693

Commission v Belgium (C-221/1), OJ C 274/14, 9 November 2002

160

Commission v Council of the European Union (Case C- 687/15), 25 October 2017 417–18

Commission v France (C-146/00) [2001] ECR I-9767

160

Commission v Germany (C- 424/07) [2009] ECI I-11431 13, 182, 460

Commission v Germany (International Dairy Agreement) [1996] ECR I-3989

837

Commission v Greece (C-396/99) [2001] ECR I-7577 160

Commission v Luxembourg (C-97/01) [2003] ECR I-5797, [2003] Info TLR 420

160

Commission v Poland (C-277/07) 13 November 2008 454

Commission v Portugal (C- 429/99) [2001] ECR I-7605

160

Commission v Spain (C-500/01) [2004] ECR I-583, [2004] Info TLR 99 160

Commission v Sweden (C-246/07) 20 April 2010

417

Commission v UK (C-222/94) [1996] ECR I- 4025 690, 696

Commission v VW (C-74/04P) [2006] ECR I- 6585

539

Computer Inquiry I (Regulatory Pricing Problems Presented by the Interdependence of Computer and Communication Facilities, Final Decision and Order, 28 FCC 2d 267 (1971)) 210

Computer Inquiry II (Amendment of 64 .702 of the Commission’s Rules and Regulations, Second Computer Inquiry, Final Decision, 77 FCC 2d 384 (1980)) . . .

210–11

Computer Inquiry III (Amendment of 64 .702 of the Commission’s Rules and Regulations, Third Computer Inquiry, Report and Order, 104 FCC 2d 958 (1986)) 210–11

Consten and Grundig v Commission (Joined Cases 56 and 58/64) [1966] ECR 299

Copland v UK (2007) 45 EHRR 37

Corbeau (C-320/91) [1993] ECR I-2533

Cordless telephones in Germany, Re [1985] 2 CMLR 397

Core Communications, Inc, Re 2008 US App LEXIS 14501 (2008)

Covad Communications Co and DIECA Communications, Inc v FCC, 450 F 3d 528 (DC Cir 2006)

Crest Nicholson (Operations) Ltd v Crest Nicholson (Operations) Ltd v Arqiva Services Ltd and others (Cambridge County Court, 28 April 2015), unpublished

CVC/SLEC (Case COMP/M 4066), 20 March 2006

Darcy v Allin (1602) Moore KB 671– 675

Delimitis v Henninger Brau (Case C-234/89) [1991] ECRI-935 .

Delle v Worcester Telegram & Gazette Corp, 2011 WL 7090709 (Mass Super Ct 14 September 2011)

736

Deutsche Telekom AG v Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Case C-543/09), 5 May 2011 672

Deutsche Telekom AG v Commission (C-280/08) [2010] 5 CMLR 27; ECRI-9555 .

Deutsche Telekom AG v Commission (Case T-27/03) [2008] ECR-II

537, 543, 553, 557, 591

Deutsche Telekom AG v Commission (T-271/03) [2008] 5 CMLR 9, 10 April 2008

Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources (Case C-293/12) [2014] 3 CMLR 44 (DRI)

Diomed Direct v Clearcast (High Court, May 2016)

Direct Communications Cedar Valley v FCC, 753 F 3d 1015 (2014)

Dowling v United States, 473 US 207, 222 (1985)

DPP v Collins [2006] UKHL 40

Dramatic Entertainment Limited v British Sky Broadcasting Limited [2012] EWHC 1152, Ch

Dubray v Horshaw, 884 P 2d 23, 28 (Wyo 2000)

EBU/Eurovision (Case IV/32 150) [1993] OJ L 179, overturned on appeal

Edmondson and Others v R [2013] EWCA Crim 1026

EE Ltd v Ofcom [2017] EWCA Civ 1873

Elliniki Radiophonia Tileorassi (C-260/89) (1991) ECR I-2925

Emtel Ltd v The Information Technology and Communication Technologies Authority v ors [2017] SCJ 294

Europa Way v AGCOM (Case C-560/15), 26 July 2017

FAPL v British Telecommunication v ors [2017] EWHC 480 (Ch)

FCC v Iowa Utilities Board, 525 US 1133 (1999)

FIFA v Commission (Case C-204/11 P)

FIFA v Commission (Case T-385/07)

FIFA v EFTA Surveillance Authority (Case E-21/13)

Football Association Premier League Ltd v British Telecommunications plc and others [2017] EWHC 480 (Ch)

Football World Cup (Case IV/36/888) OJ L5/55 . . .

569

France Telecom [2003] OJ C 57/5 162

France Telecom and Deutsche Telekom (Case No IV/35 . 337—Atlas, OJ L 239/23, 19 9 1996) 162

France Telecom SA v Commission (Case T-340/03) [2007] 4 CMLR 21, ECRI-117

160, 559

France Telecom v Commission (Case C-202/07P), [2009] ECRI-2369 558–9

France Telecom/ Wanadoo (Case COMP/38/233) (Wanadoo Interactive) [2005] 5 CMLR 5 559

France v Commission (C-202/88) [1992] 5 CMLR 552

157, 496

Freeserve com plc v Director General of Telecommunications [2003] CAT 5 123 FTC v AT&T Mobility, 835 F 3d 993 (9th Cir 2016); 883 F 3d 848 (9th Cir 2018) (en banc) .

Garai v Administración del Estado (Case C- 424/15), 19 October 2016

224

182

Germany v Council (C-280/93) [1994] ECR I- 4973 839

Gershwin Pub Corp v Columbia Artists Management, Inc, 443 F 2d 1159, 1162 (CA 2 1971) 737

Golder v United Kingdom (1979) 1 EHRR 524

Google Spain v Agencia de Protección de Datos (Case C-131/12) [2014], European Court of Justice

Google v BNetzA, Administrative Court of Cologne, Ref 21 K 450/15, Ruling of 11 Nov 2015

GTE v FCC, 205 F 3d 416 (DC Cir 2000)

Halford v United Kingdom [1997] IRLR 471; 24 EHRR 523

Hermès International v FHT Marketing [1998] ECR I-3603

670

889

152, 634

245

650

837– 8

Hoffmann-La Roche & Co AG v Commission of the European Communities (‘Vitamins’) (Case 85/76) [1979] ECR 461, 557, 561

Hofner and Elser v Macrotron (Case C- 41/90) [1991] ECRI-1979

540

Huawei Technologies v Commission (Case C-170-13) [2015] 5 CMLR 14 564–6

Hunt v Cooper, 110 SW 2d 896, 899–900 (Tex, 1937)

292

Hutchison 3G Austria (M 6497), 12 December 2012, [2013] OJEU C224 579

Hutchison 3G (UK) Ltd & Others v Commissioners of Customs and Excise (C-369/04) [2007] 3 CMLR 26 160

Hutchison 3G (UK) Ltd v Ofcom [2005] CAT 39

93

Hutchison 3G (UK) Ltd v Ofcom [2009] EWCA Civ 683 94, 474

Hutchison 3G (UK) Ltd v Ofcom [2017] EWHC 3376 (Admin)

430

Hutchison 3G (UK) Ltd v Ofcom (Mobile Call Termination) [2008] CAT 11 93

Hutchison 3G UK/ Telefónica UK (Case M .7612) OJ C 357/15

144, 578

Hutchison/Telefonica Ireland (M 6992), 28 May 2014, [2014] OJEU C264 579

Huvig v France (1990) 12 EHRR 528

IBM v Commission (Case 60/81) [1981] ECR 2639

649

583

ICO Services Limited v European Parliament and Council (T- 441/08), 21 May 2010 813

ICSTIS v Andronikou (liquidators of Allied Communications Ltd) [2007] EWHC 2307 (Admin) 728

IMS Health v Commission (Case C- 481/01) [2004] ECRI-5039

Inmarsat-P . (Case No IV/35 . 296) C 304/6, 15 November 1995

561, 572–3

799

Intel (Case T-286/09) [2009] OJEU C 227/13, 13 May 2009

Intel Corp v Commission (Case C-413/14P) [2014] 5 CMLR 9; [2017] 5 CMLR 18 564

International Fruit Company NV and others v Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit (Case 21/72) [1972] ECR 1219 630

International Private Satellite Partners (Case IV/34 .768), OJ L 354/75, 31 December 1994 801

Iowa Utilities v FCC, 219 F 3d 744 (2000)

Iridium (Case IV/35/ 518), OJ L 16/87, 18 January 1997

Italy v Sacchi [1974] 2 CMLR 177

ITT Promedia (Case T-111/96) [1998] ECR II-2937

ITV Broadcasting v TV Catchup (Case C-275/15)

ITV v TVCatchup [2011] EWHC 1874 (Pat)

ITV v TVCatchup [2015] EWCA Civ 204

JML Direct v Freesat UK [2009] EWHC 616 (Ch), affirmed in [2010] EWCA Civ 34

Johnson v Youden [1950] 1 KB 544

Kalem Co v Harper Brothers, 222 US 55, 62– 63 (1911)

Klass v Germany (1978) 2 EHRR 214

Kommunikationsbehorde v ORF (C-195/06) ECR I- 8817

Koninklijke KPN BV v ACM (Case C-28/15), 15 September 2016

Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini C-34/95 [1998] 1 CMLR 32

K, Re (Case C- 475/16) [2016] OJ C 428/8, 21 November 2016

158, 458, 460

690

656

Lap v Axelrod, 95 A2d 457 (NY App Div 3d Dept 1953), appeal denied, 460 NE 2d 1360 302

Liberty Global/Virgin Media (Case COMP/M .6880), 15 April 2013

568

Liberty Global/Ziggo (Case COMP/M 7000), OJ [2015] C 145/7 534– 5, 569, 576

L’Oréal SA & Others v eBay International AG & Others (C-324/09), 12 July 2011

741, 747, 751

L’Oréal v eBay [2009] EWHC 1094 (Ch) 750–1

Louisiana Pub Serv Commission v FCC, 476 US 355 (1986)

Malone v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 14

652

Mannesmannröhrenwerke v Commission (Case T-112/98) [2001] ECR II-729 584

Mathias v Walling Enterprises, 609 So 2d 1323, 1332 (Fla App 1992)

287

Maximilian Schrems v Data Protection Commissioner (Case C-362/14), 6 October 2015 889 max .mobil Telekommunikation Service GmbH v Commission [2002] 4 CMLR 32

160

MCI Communications v AT&T, 708 F 2d 1081 (7th Cir 1983), 464 US 891 (1983) 835

MCI Inc v Commission and France (T-310/00) [2004] 5 CMLR 26

MCI Telecommunications Corp, 60 FCC 2d 25 (July 13, 1976)

MCI Telecommunications Corp v FCC, 561 F 2d 365 (DC Cir 1977)

MCI Telecommunications Corp v FCC, 580 F 2d 590 (DC Cir 1978)

MCI/ Worldcom/Sprint (Case M .1741) [2003] OJEU L300/1

Mediakabel BV v Commissariaat voor de Media [2005] ECR I- 4891

Mercury Communications Ltd v Scott- Garner & ors [1983] 3 WLR 914

Mercury Personal Communications Ltd v Secretary of State for Trade & Industry [2000] UKCLR 143

Metro- Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc v Grokster Ltd, 545 US 900 (2005) (‘Grokster’)

198

Metro II (Case C-75/84) [1986] ECR 3201

542

Metropole Television v Commission (Case T-528/93) [1996] ECR II- 649 542, 570

METV and Roj TV v Germany (Case C-244/10) [2012] 1 CMLR 32 .

690

Michelin BV v Commission (322/81) [1983] ECR 3461 174, 554, 557

Microsoft v Commission (Case T-201/04) [2007] ECR II-3601

562, 571–2, 574

Ministere Public v Decoster [1993] (C- 69/91) ECR I-5335 179

Ministere Public v Taillandier-Neny [1993] (C-92/91) ECR I-5383

179

Ministerio Fiscal (Case C-207/16) [2016] OJ C 251/7, 11 July 2016 656

Minnesota Public Utilities Commission v FCC, 483 F 3d 570 (8th Cir 2007)

Mobilcom [2003] OJ C 80/5, 3 4 2003 and [2003] OJ C 210/4, 5 9 2003 162

Montecatini v Commission (Case C-235/97P) [1999] ECRI-935

Montgomery County v Federal Communications Commission, 811 F 3d 121 (4th Cir 2015)

Motion of AT&T to be Re-classified as a Nondominant Carrier, 11 FCC Rcd 327 (1995)

Motorola Mobility, Decision, 29 April 2014 [2014] OJEU C34416

MSG Media Service (Case IV/M .469), 94/922/EC OJ [1994] L364/1

Munn v Illinois, 94 US 113, 125- 6 (1877) 288–9

Murphy v Ireland (2003) 38 EHRR 212

Mustafa v Sweden (2008) 52 EHRR 803

National Association of Telecom, Officers and Advisors v FCC (DC Cir 2017)

National Biscuit Co v City of Philadelphia, 98 A 2d 182, 187–188 (Pa, 1953) .

National Cable & Telecommunications Association, Inc v Brand X Internet Services 545 US 967 (2005)

National Cable & Telecommunications Association, Inc v Gulf Power Co, 534 US 327 (2002)

New Media Online v Bundeskommunikationssenat (Case C-374/14) [2015], 21 October 2015

News Corp/BSkyB (Case M . 5932), 21 December 2010

Newscorp/ Telepiu (COMP/M 2876)

Nokia/Navteq (M .4942), 2 July 2008, [2009] OJEU C13/8

North Carolina Utilities Commission v FCC, 537 F 2d 787, (4th Cir 1976), cert denied, 429 US 1027 (1976) (NCUC I)

Norwich Pharmacal Co v Customs and Excise Commissioners [1973] UKHL 6, [1974] AC 133

581

750

Nungesser and Eisele v Commission (Case 258/78) [1982] ECR 2015 547

O2 Germany v Commission (Case T-328/03) [2006] ECR II-1231 546, 580

O2 UK Limited/ T-Mobile UK Limited (UK network sharing agreement) (2003)

OJ L 200/59, 7 August 2003 442, 544–6, 580

Orkem v Commission (Case 374/87) [1989] ECR 3283

Peel Land and Property (Ports No 3) Ltd v TS Sheerness Steel Ltd [2013] EWHC 1658 (Ch) .

584

370

People of the State of California v FCC, 905 F 2d 1217 (9th Cir 1990) 211

Perfect 10, Inc v Amazon, Inc, 508 F 3d 1146, 1172–73 (9th Cir 2007)

Perfect 10, Inc v Google Inc, 416 F Supp (2nd 828) CD Cal 2006

PhonepayPlus v Ashraf [2014] EWHC 4303 (Ch) .

Polkomtel v Prezes Urz ę du Komunikacji Elektronicznej (Case 277/16), 20 December 2017

Portugal v Council (Case C-149/96) [1999] ECR I- 8395 838–9

Post Danmark v Konkurrencerådet (Case C-23/14) [2015] 5 CMLR 25 (‘Post Danmark II’)

Probst (Josef) v mr .nexmet GmbH, 22 November 2012 [2013] CEC 913

Procureur du Roi v Lagauche & Others, Evrard [1993] (C- 46/90 and C-93/91) ECR I-5267

Productores de Musica de Espana (Promusicae) v Telefonica de Espana SAU (C-275/06) [2008] ECR I271

Provincie Antwerpen NV, Mobistar (Joined Cases C-256/13)

Radio Telefis Eireann (2) British Broadcasting Corporation (3) Independent Television Publication Ltd v Commission (241/91P and C242/91P, OJ 95/C137/05) (1995) ECR I-743 (‘Magill’)

Rambus (Case COMP/38 .636), 9 December 2009

R (Animal Defenders International) v Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport [2008] UKHL 15

Rapture TV v Ofcom [2008] CAT 6

R (Debt Free Direct) v Advertising Standards Authority [2007] EWHC 1337 (Admin)

R (DM) v Ofcom [2014] EWHC 961 (Admin)

Rechnungshof v Österreichischer Rundfunk (Case C- 465/00) [2003] 3 CMLR 10

4

Régie des Télégraphes et des Téléphones v GB-Inno-BM SA (C-18/88) [1991] ECR I-5941 160, 164, 166, 179

R (Gaunt) v Ofcom [2011] EWCA Civ 692, affirming R (Gaunt v Ofcom [2010] EWHC 1756 (Admin) 711, 713–14

R (ICO Satellite Limited) v Office of Communications [2010] EWHC 2010 (Admin)

Riley v California, 134 S Ct 2473 (2014)

R (on the application of British Telecommunications Plc and Another) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills [2011] EWCA Civ 1229 755

R (on the application of British Telecommunications Plc) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills [2011] EWHC 1021 (Admin) 755

R (Ordanduu and Optimus Mobile) v Phonepay Plus [2015] EWHC 50 (Admin)

Royall v State of Virginia, 6 Sup Ct 510 (US 1886)

RTE v Magill (C-241 and 242/91) [1995] 4 CMLR 718

R (TV Danmark I) v ITC [2001] UKHL 42

R v ASA, ex p The Insurance Service (1990) 2 Admin LR 77

R v Blake [1997] 1 Cr App R 209

R v Broadcasting Standards Commission, ex p BBC [2001] QB 885

R v Director General of Telecommunications (Respondent), ex p Cellcom [1999] ECC 314

R v Fellowes and Arnold (1997) 1 CAR 244

R v Jayson [2002] EWCA Crim 683

R v Secretary of State for Culture, Media & Sport, ex p Danish Satellite Television & Rendez-Vouz Television International [1999] 3 CMLR 919

R v Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport [2012] EWCA Civ 232

R v Secretary of State for National Heritage, ex p Continental Television [1993] 2 CMLR 333 689

R v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, ex p British Telecommunications plc, (C-302/94) [1996] ECR I- 6417, [1997] 1 CMLR 424 163

SABAM v Netlog (C-360/10), 16 February 2012 748

Satterfield v Simon & Schuster, 569 F 3d 946 (9th Cir 2009)

Sazbó and Vissy v Hungary, 12 January 2016 653

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652

Telecom Corporation of NZ Ltd v Clear Communications Ltd (1992) 4 NZBLC 21, 64, 437

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Telefonica v OFCOM [2010] Cat 25 386

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232

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Thierry Tranchant and Telephone Store SARL [1995] (C-91/94) ECR I-3911 .

179

Tiffany (NJ), Inc v eBay, Inc, 600 F 3d 93 (2nd Cir 2010) 737

Time Warner Telecom v FCC, 507 F 3d 205 (3rd Cir 2007)

212

T-Mobile, BT, H3G, C&W, Vodafone & Orange v Ofcom [2008] CAT 12 18, 362

T-Mobile Deutschland GmbH/ Viag Interkom GmbH (Germany network sharing agreement) (2003) OJ L 75/32, 12 . 3 . 2004 .

442, 545, 546

T-Mobile Deutschland [2004] OJEU L7532

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Twenty-First Century Fox/Sky plc; European Commission clearance decision M8354, 7 April 2017, [2017] OJEU C238

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UEFA Champions League (Case COMP/37/398), Decision 2003/778/EC [2003] OJ L291/25 568, 570

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738

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771–2

35

United States v Southwestern Cable Co, 392 US 157 (1968) 203

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567

US v AT&T Corp, 552 F Supp 131 (DC Cir 1982) affirmed sub nom Maryland v US, 460 US 1001 (1983) 198

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723

737

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Vodafone/BT [2004] CAT 8

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540

653, 656, 661

United Kingdom

Statutes

British Telecommunications

Act 1981 .

s 12

s 13

s 15

Table of Statutes

107– 8, 111–13, 294

112

112

112

Broadcasting (Radio Multiplex Services) Act 2017

705

Broadcasting Act 1990 119, 701, 712, 731

Part 2

694

s 3 696

s 13

693

s 54(6A) 705

s 78A

705

s 105 703

s 111

713

s 111B 713

ss 177–178 .

689

s 201 703

Sch 2

696

Broadcasting Act 1996 119, 693, 699, 731

Part 4

709

Part 5 119

s 1

694

s 2 694

s 58ZA

s 98

s 107

s 111

s 137

Broadcasting Act 2009

705

709

711–12

712

709

s 49 709

Civil Contingencies Act 2004

s 1 678

Communications Act 2003

51, 107, 120–3, 287, 301, 335–6, 401–2, 418–19, 595, 724, 731

Part 2, Chapter 1

Part 4A

Part 6

s 2B

s 3

ss 3– 6

s 4(1)

s 5

s 5(2)

s 6

s 6(2)

s 6(3)

s 16

s 17

17(5)

s 21

s 21(5)

s 22

s 24

s 31

s 32

s 32(1)

32(2)

s 32(4)(a)

32(4)(b)

s 33(1)

s 33(2)

33(3)

s 41(5)

378

s 42 378, 379

s 42(6)

379

s 42(9)(b) 378

s 44

s 71 .

s 72A 136

s 72B

336

s 45 335, 337, 360, 363, 365, 367

s 45(2)(a)

136

s 73 73, 474, 476, 706

s 73(2)

337

s 45(2)(b) 337

s 46

362

s 73(3) 466

s 73(3A) .

335

s 46(2)(a) 336

s 46(2)(b) .

.363, 466

s 73(5) 476

s 74

336

s 46(6) 362

ss 46– 49C

339

s 48(1) 120, 476

ss 48A– 49C

339

s 49 518

s 51

505, 510, 522, 528

s 51(1)(a) 338

s 51(1)(b)

337

s 51(1)(c) 337

s 51(1)(d)

s 51(1)(e) .

s 51(1)(f)

s 51(1)(g)

s 51(2)

s 51(2)(c)

337

337

337

337

.338, 506

337

s 51(2)(d) 338

s 51(2)(e)

338, 516

s 51(2)(f) 338

s 51(2)(g)

338

s 51(2)(h) 338

ss 51– 64

336

s 52 338, 505, 524

s 52(2A)

338

s 52(2)(b) 526

s 52(3)

526

s 52(5) 526

s 53(5)(b)

527

s 54 526

s 56A

338

s 57 338

s 58

338

s 64 337, 705

s 65

136, 362

s 65(2B) 136

s 66(1)

s 67

360

360

.362, 474, 476

s 74(1) 362

s 74(2)

s 75(2) 476

s 76

476

s 76A 466

s 77

163

s 77(2)– (4) 365

s 78

s 78(4) 363

s 79(1)– (3)

s 79(2)

ss 79(4)– 81

s 80(4)(c)

364 s 80A

s 80B

s 84A(6)

s 86(4)

s 86(5)

ss 87–91

ss 87–93

s 88

371

s 89 364, 371

s 89(2)

364

s 89(3) 588

s 89A

299, 364, 588

s 89B 364, 588

s 89C

364

s 90 364

s 91

364

s 92 364

s 94

366, 376

s 94(3) 366

s 94(4)

366

ss 94–104 477

s 95

366, 376

s 96 366, 376

ss 96A–104

s 96C

365

366

s 97(1) . .

Table of Statutes

366

s 100 365

s 100A

365

s 103 367

s 104(4)

477

ss 105A–105D 367, 667

s 106 .

114, 373

s 106(2) 371

s 106(3)(a) .

368

ss 106–119 367

s 107(4)(a)– (d)

372

s 108 371

s 109(e)

s 110(2)(e) 374

s 110A

s 111A

s 112

s 113(1) 374

s 120

s 120(3)(za)

s 120(8)

ss 120–124

s 121

s 122

356, 375– 6, 728–9

375

375

367

375, 728

376

s 123 376, 728

s 124

376, 728

s 124O 763

s 124S

523

s 127 720

s 127(1)

720

s 127(2) 720

s 134A

121, 466

s 134A(4) 466

s 134B

121, 466

s 134D 507

s 135

367

s 135(3)(ig) 466

ss 135–144

s 151(4)

s 156 419, 432

s 157

s 167

s 168

s 185

s 185A

s 188(5)

s 192

192(6)

s 193

s 194A

s 196(2)

s 196(4)

s 198A

207

213

s 224

232

s 232(5)

233(1)

s 233(2)

s 233(4)

233(5)

s 233(6)

s 233(7)– (10)

ss 233–234

s 234

s 235

s 244

s 264

s 264A

s 265

ss 266–268

s 272

s 273

ss 290–294

367

s 136 507

s 137A

507

s 137B 507

s 143

367

s 146A 338, 510

s 147

s 151(1)

s 151(2)

s 151(3)

335

494

465

465

s 303

s 309 710

s 310

s 316 590

s 319

711, 723

s 319(a)– (f) 712

s 321

s 322

s 324

s 325

723

711

s 325(5) .

724

s 326 711

ss 329–332

s 97A(3) .

689

s 360 703

s 362(1)

703

s 368A(1) 715–16

s 368B

722

s 368B(9) 715

s 368C(2) .

711

s 368D(3)(zb) 715

s 368E(1)

718

s 368E(2) 718

s 368E(d)(2)

751

Coroners and Justice Act 2009, ss 62– 69 760

Corporation Tax Act 2009, Part 8 . . . . . . . . . 606

Counter-Terrorism Act 2008, s 19(1) 657

Criminal Justice Act 1988

s 160 760

s 160(4)

Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, s 63

Data Protection Act 1998

s 1(4)

719

s 370 183, 592

s 371

183

s 386BA 716

s 386D(ZA)

759

664

s 29(3) 664

s 55

Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014 (DRIPA)

716

s 386N 715

s 405(1)

703

Sch 3A 367–71

Sch 11A

Sch 18

Competition Act 1998

s 2

s 2(1)(a)

727

367, 371

183, 298, 537, 591–2, 596

535, 538

539

s 46 595

s 47A

538

s 49 595

s 54(1)(a)

543

s 54(2) 592

Sch 8

para 3(2) 595 para 3(2)(e) .

595 para 3(4) 595

Sch 10

543

Computer Misuse Act 1990, s 1 658

Consumer Protection Act 1987

Consumer Rights Act 2015

s 80

516

728

Sch 8 538

Continental Shelf Act 1964, s 8(1)

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

s 30

804

709

s 73 705

s 97A . . . . .

s 97A(1)

671, 749, 754– 5

751

658

661

s 5 658

Defamation Act 1996, s 1

744

Digital Economy Act 2010 701, 731, 763

s 1

121, 466

ss 9–18 754– 5

s 11

s 17

ss 19–21

s 32

s 34

Digital Economy Act 2017 .

754, 755

754, 755

763

705

704, 706

. . . . . 122, 136, 144, 338, 359, 361–2, 371, 522, 523, 528, 595, 731

Part 1 361

Part 2

367– 8

Part 3 719, 763

s 1

62

s 2 522

s 3

528

s 4 367

ss 14–21

763

s 34 706

s 82

121

s 83 507

s 86

507

s 91 713

s 102

523

Sch 1 368

Sch 2

Electronic Communications Act 2000

s 11

s 12

367

116

116

Enterprise Act 2002

Table of Statutes

537

Part 4 183, 298, 721

s 5

586

s 22(1)(b) 575

s 42

582

s 44A 575

s 47

582

s 54 582

s 129

494

s 131 585, 592

s 131(1)

125, 590

s 131(2) 588

s 131(2A)

589–90

s 131(3) 588–9

s 131(6)

589

s 132 586

s 134

588–9

s 134(1) 588

s 154

s 155(1)

s 183

s 213(5A)

125, 298–9

52, 298

494

516

Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013

585–6

s 51 593

s 52

s 43(6)

s 44

s 45

s 46

s 59

s 66(3)

s 66(4)

s 82

s 85

s 85(4)

s 87(3)

s 87(9)

s 92

s 95(5) 663

s 97

s 97(2) 659

s 99(2)

s 128(5)

s 128(6)

s 135

s 231(9)

s 235(6)

s 249

250(3)

s 253

593

s 317 593

Sch 14, paras 17–18

593

European Communities Act 1972, s 2(2) 117

Fair Trading Act 1973

585

Finance Act 2000, Sch 23 605– 6

Finance Act 2002, Sch 29

606

Human Rights Act 1998, s 6 714

Income Tax (Trading and Other Income)

Act 2005

Pt 2

606

Pt 5 606

s 146

606

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (IPA) 648, 657

Part 4

661

Part 6 663

s 3(1)

658

s 4(4) 658

s 6

s 43(3)

s 43(4)

s 43(5)

658

659

660

659

257

s 261(11)

s 261(12)

s 263(1) 656

Landlord and Tenant Act 1954

Licensing Act 2003

Marine etc Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967 418

Office of Communications Act 2002

s 1 120

s 3(1)

3(2)

4

Online Infringement of Copyright (Initial Obligations) (Sharing of Costs) Order 2011 (Draft)

Outer Space Act 1986

s 1

5

s 5(2)(f)

s 10 . .

797

Post Office Act 1961 106

Post Office Act 1969

. 106–7, 113

s 3(1) 401

s 24

106

Post Office (Amendment) Act 1935 720

Postal Services Act 2011, s 28(1)

. 107

Protection of Children Act 1978 760

Public Order Act 1986, s 22

Railway Regulation Act 1844

s XII .

. 703

102

s XIII 102

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA)

Part I

648

Part II 657

Part III

. 657, 660

s 3(1) 673

s 4(2)

Telegraph Act 1868

s 20

Telegraph Act 1869, s 4

Telegraph Act 1870

Telegraph Act 1899

Telephone Act 1951

Terrorism Act 2000 s 3(5A)

s 3(5B)

3(5)(c)

Terrorism Act 2006, s 21

Trade Descriptions Act 1968

Video Recordings Act 1984 716

s 12

Wireless Telegraphy Act 1904

Wireless

673

s 12 660

Serious Crime Act 2007, s 57(5– 8)

Sexual Offences Act 2003

s 45

s 46

Sound Broadcasting Act 1972

Space Industry Act 2018

. 744

760

760

703

798

Statute of Monopolies 1623 290 Telecommunications Act 1984

Part 6

.105, 113–17, 131, 335

418

s 3(1) 115

s 3(2) .

8, 115, 183

s 4(1) 107

s 7

115, 451

s 7(5) 116, 444

s 7(6)

116, 444

s 10 114

s 12

Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006

ss 1– 5

s 2(3)

s 3

3(1)

s 3(2)

s 3(5)

s 4(2)

s 5

s 5(1)

s 5(2)

s 5(3)

s 5(4)

s 8 422–3, 694

116

s 13 91–2, 129

ss 16–18

115

s 18(5) 116

s 18(6) .

116

s 45(1) 670

s 49

115

Sch 2 367

para 9

Telegraph Act 1863

114

102, 400

s 8(1)(a)

s 8(1)(b)

s 8(3)

s 8(3A)

s 8(3B)

s 8(4)

s 8(5)

s 8B(5)

s 9

422

s 9(1A) 422

s 9A

691

s 9ZA 423

s 9ZA(7)

423

s 9ZA(8) 423

s 12

421

s 13 420, 421

s 14 .

421, 427

s 18 424

s 20

425

s 21 421, 426

s 22

420–1

s 23 421, 426

s 27

425

s 28 425

s 29

424

s 30 430

s 35(1)

s 48

s 159(1)

Statutory Instruments

419

658

Communications Act 2003 (Maximum Penalty for Contravention of Information Requirements) Regulations 2003 (SI 2011/1773) 420

Community Radio (Amendment) Order 2015 (SI 2015/1000) 704

Competition Appeal Tribunal Rules (SI 2015/1648)

r 4

r 6 595

Consumer Contract (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 (SI 2013/3134) 519

Consumer Protection (Cancellation of Contracts Concluded Away from Business Premises) Regulations 1987 (SI 1987/2117) 516

Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000 (SI 2000/2334) .

. 516, 519

Advanced Television Services Regulations 1996 (SI 1996/3151) 451

Alternative Dispute Resolution for Consumer Disputes (Competent Authorities and Information) Regulations 2015 (SI 2015/542) 528

Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2010 (SI 2010/419) 715

Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014 (SI 2014/2916) 719

Broadcasting Act 1996 (Renewal of Local Radio Multiplex Licences) Regulations 2015 (SI 2015/904)

Code of Practice for Electronic Programme Guides (Addition of Programme Services) Order 2012 (SI/2011/3003)

Communications (Access to Infrastructure) Regulations 2016 (SI 2016/700) (Infrastructure Access Regulations)

Pt 3

reg 8

705

Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1277) .

721 reg 19 722

Contracting Out (Functions Relating to Broadcast Advertising) and Specification of Relevant Functions Order 2004 (SI 2004/1975)

702

363

466

723

Control of Misleading Advertisements Regulations 1988 (SI 1988/915) . . . . . . . 516

Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI 2003/2498), reg 27(1) 749

Data Retention (EC Directive) Regulations 2009 (SI 2009/859) 661 reg 3

662

Digital Economy Act 2017 (Commencement No . 1) Regulations (SI 2017/765) 763

Digital Economy Act 2017 (Commencement No 3) Regulations (SI 2017/1286)

Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002 (SI 2002/2013), reg 4(2)

368

744

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