CONTRIBUTORS
Sonya S. Abdel-Razeq, MD
Assistant Professor
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella
Yalda Afshar, MD, PhD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X)
Marta Arigita, MD
Obstetric and Gynecologic Resident
Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center
Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology
Barcelona, Spain
Cystic Hygroma
Abigail A. Armstrong, MD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Mosaic Trisomies 8, 9, and 16
Mert Ozan Bahtiyar, MD
Director, Fetal Care Center
Associate Professor
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Nursing
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Atlas of Selected Normal Images
Parvovirus B19 Infection During Pregnancy
Ahmet Baschat, MD
Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics
The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy
Baltimore, Maryland
Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetus and Placenta
Marc U. Baumann, MD, PhD
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist
University Hospital of Bern
Bern, Switzerland
Hepatic Anomalies
Mar Bennasar, MD
Maternal-Fetal Senior Specialist
Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center
Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology
Augus Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute
University of Barcelona
Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases
Barcelona, Spain
Cystic Hygroma
Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Atresia
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Mitral Atresia
Aortic Coarctation
Interruption of the Aortic Arch
Aortic Arch Anomalies
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Arteries
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Common Arterial Trunk
Richard L. Berkowitz, MD
Professor
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Cordocentesis and Fetal Transfusion
Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction
Amar Bhide, MD
Consultant in Fetal Medicine
Fetal Medicine Unit
St. George’s Hospital
London, United Kingdom
Vascular Cerebral Anomalies
Harm-Gerd K. Blaas, MD, PhD
Department of Laboratory Medicine
Children’s and Women’s Health
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
National Center for Fetal Medicine
St Olavs Hospital
Trondheim, Norway
Holoprosencephaly
April T. Bleich, MD
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Obstetrix Medical Group
Fort Worth, Texas
Abnormal Kidney Location
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Autosomal Recessive (Infantile) Polycystic Kidney Disease
Thorsten Braun, MD, PhD
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist
Charité—University Medicine Berlin
Department of Obstetrics
Campus Virchow Klinikum
Berlin, Germany
Intestinal Obstruction
Fallon R. Brewer, MS, CGC
Genetic Counselor
Department of Genetics
University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
Goldenhar Syndrome
Pierre Robin Sequence
Prune-Belly Syndrome
Sirenomelia
VATER Association
Angela Burgess, MD, PhD
Richmond University Medical Center
Mount Sinai Consortium
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Staten Island, New York
Lymphedema and Lymphatic Malformations
Alison G. Cahill, MD, MSCI
Associate Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Miller-Dieker Syndrome (17p13.3 Deletion Syndrome)
Katherine H. Campbell, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Frederic Chantraine, MD, PhD
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
CHR Citadelle
University of Liege Liege, Belgium
Abdominal Cysts
Tamara T. Chao, MD
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
MultiCare Health System
Tacoma, Washington
Abnormal Kidney Size
Duplicated Collecting System
Posterior Urethral Valves
Debnath Chatterjee, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
Children’s Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine
Director of Fetal Anesthesia
Colorado Fetal Care Center
Aurora, Colorado
Open Fetal Surgery
Jaclyn M. Coletta, MD
Assistant Professor
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chorioangioma
Choriocarcinoma
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Vasa Previa
Elena Contro, MD, PhD
Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology
S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital
Bologna, Italy
Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cysts, Tumors, and Destructive Lesions
Neural Tube Defects
Joshua A. Copel, MD
Professor and Vice Chair
Clinical Operations
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Professor of Pediatrics
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Thymus
Fetal Adrenal Abnormalities
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella
Fatima Crispi, MD, PhD
Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
University of Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
Choanal Atresia
Double-Inlet Single Ventricle
Atrial Isomerism
Anomalies of Pulmonary Venous Return
Anomalies of Systemic Venous Return
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiac Tumors
Arrhythmias
Timothy M. Crombleholme, MD
Professor of Pediatric Surgery
Children’s Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Open Fetal Surgery
Sarah N. Cross, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex
Virus, and Varicella
Mónica Cruz-Lemini, MD, PhD
Clinical Researcher
Fetal Medicine and Surgery Research Unit
Neurodevelopmental Research Unit “Dr. Augusto Fernández
Guardiola”
Neurobiology Institute
National Autonomous University of Mexico—Campus
Juriquilla
Querétaro, Mexico
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung
Hydrothorax
Other Thoracic Tumors and Masses
Rogelio Cruz-Martínez, MD, PhD
Head and Professor
Fetal Medicine and Surgery Research Unit
Women and Children’s Specialty Hospital of Querétaro
Neurodevelopmental Research Unit
Neurobiology Institute
National Autonomous University of Mexico—Campus
Juriquilla
Querétaro, Mexico
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Hydrothorax
Scimitar Syndrome
Congenital High Airways Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) and Bronchial Atresia
Andrea Dall’Asta, MD
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit
University of Parma
Parma, Italy
Neural Tube Defects
Mary E. D’Alton, MB, BCh, BAO
Willard C. Rappleye Professor and Chair
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Director
Obstetrics and Gynecology Services
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Nuchal Translucency
Placental Abruption
Placenta Accreta
Chorioangioma
Choriocarcinoma
Placenta Circumvallata
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Placenta Previa
Vasa Previa
Chorionicity of Multiple Gestations
Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twin Gestations
Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations
Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations
Francesco D’Antonio, MD, PhD
Department of Clinical Medicine
Faculty of Health Sciences
UiT/The Arctic University of Norway
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University Hospital of Northern Norway
Tromsø, Norway
Ventriculomegaly
Jodi S. Dashe, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Director of Prenatal Diagnosis
Parkland Health and Hospital Systems
Dallas, Texas
Abnormal Kidney Location
Abnormal Kidney Size
Bilateral Renal Agenesis
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
Renal Pelvis Dilatation
Duplicated Collecting System
Posterior Urethral Valves
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Autosomal Recessive (Infantile) Polycystic Kidney Disease
Luc De Catte, MD, PhD
Consultant
Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University Hospitals Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Francesca De Musso, MD
Hopital Delafontaine
Saint-Denis, France
Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cysts, Tumors, and Destructive Lesions
Neural Tube Defects
Valentina De Robertis, MD
Fetal Medicine Unit
Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals
Bari, Italy
Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies
Jan Deprest, MD, PhD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Roland Devlieger, MD, PhD
Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Anke Diemert, MD
Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine
University Medical Center—Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
Fetal Spleen
Lindsey Drehfal, MS
Research Assistant
Quantitative Ultrasound Laboratory
Department of Medical Physics
University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin
Elasticity Imaging in Obstetrics
Elisenda Eixarch, MD, PhD
Maternal-Fetal Consultant
Department of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
Orbital Defects: Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism
Facial Dysmorphism
Neck Teratoma
Alexander Engels, MD
Department of Development and Regeneration
University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Jakob Evers, MD
Chief Physician
Luzerner Kantonsspital
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Departement Sursee
Sursee, Switzerland
Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome
Tiziana Fanelli, MD
Fetal Medicine Unit
Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals
Bari, Italy
Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies
Helen Feltovich, MD, MS
Physician
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Intermountain Healthcare
Provo, Utah
Cervical Length and Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetus and Placenta
Susana Fernández, MD
Fetal Thyroid Masses and Fetal Goiter
Francesc Figueras, MD
Associate Professor
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department
University of Barcelona
Head of High-Risk Obstetrics
Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
University of Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
Facial Dysmorphism
Perry Friedman, MD
MFM Fellow
Beaumont Hospital
Royal Oak, Michigan
Polyhydramnios
Oligohydramnios
Tiziana Frusca, MD
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit
University of Parma
Parma, Italy
Neural Tube Defects
Karin M. Fuchs, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Amniotic Band Sequence
Cord Cyst
Cord Varix
Limb–Body Wall Complex
Chorionicity of Multiple Gestations
Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twin Gestations
Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations
Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations
Julie A. Gainer, DO
Utah Valley Regional Medical Center
Maternal Fetal Medicine
Intermountain Healthcare
Provo, Utah
Triploidy
France Galerneau, MD, FRCS(C)
Associate Professor
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Fetal Hepatic Calcification
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Stephanie L. Gaw, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18
Trisomy 21
Mosaic Trisomies 8, 9, and 16
Kobina Ghartey, MD
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence
Tullio Ghi, MD, PhD
Department of Obstetrics
University of Parma
Parma, Italy
Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cysts, Tumors, and Destructive Lesions
Neural Tube Defects
Katherine R. Goetzinger, MD, MSCI
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Fryns Syndrome
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Cystic Fibrosis
Tuberous Sclerosis
Miller-Dieker Syndrome (17p13.3 Deletion Syndrome)
Olga Gómez, MD, PhD
Maternal-Fetal Consultant
Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
University of Barcelona
Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases
Barcelona, Spain
Cleft Lip and Palate
Micrognathia and Retrognathia
Facial Dysmorphism
Ultrasound of Normal Fetal Heart
Ventricular Septal Defect
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Tricuspid Atresia
Ebstein Anomaly and Tricuspid Dysplasia
Pulmonary Stenosis and Atresia
Eduard Gratacós, MD, PhD
Director
Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu
Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Hydrothorax
Scimitar Syndrome
Other Thoracic Tumors and Masses
Carole Gravino, RDMS, FE
Yale-New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut
Atlas of Selected Normal Images
Maureen S. Hamel, MD
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
Providence, Rhode Island
Cloacal Abnormalities
Christina S. Han, MD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
University of California, Los Angeles
Center for Fetal Medicine and Women’s Ultrasound
Los Angeles, California
Fetal Adrenal Abnormalities
Fetal Biophysical Profile
Lorie M. Harper, MD, MSCI
Associate Professor
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
Goldenhar Syndrome
Pierre Robin Sequence
Prune-Belly Syndrome
Sirenomelia
VATER Association
Wolfgang Henrich, MD, PhD
Professor and Head
Department of Obstetrics
Charité—University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
Intestinal Obstruction
Choroid Plexus Anomalies: Cysts and Papillomas
Jennifer S. Hernandez, MD
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Obstetrix Medical Group
Fort Worth, Texas
Bilateral Renal Agenesis
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
Renal Pelvis Dilatation
Mauricio Herrera, MD
Director
Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine
Colombia University Clinic
Colsánitas Clinic
Bogotá, Colombia
Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome
Cara C. Heuser, MD
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Intermountain Healthcare
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, Utah
Caudal Regression Syndrome
June Y. Hou, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Gynecologic Oncology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian
Hospital
New York, New York
Choriocarcinoma
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Michael House, MD
Associate Professor
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
Tufts Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Cervical Length and Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Lisa W. Howley, MD
Co-Director, Fetal Cardiology Program
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Open Fetal Surgery
Rebecca S. Hulinsky, MS, CGC
Intermountain Healthcare
Salt Lake City, Utah
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Jon A. Hyett, MBBS, BSc, MD, MRCOG, FRANZCOG
Head of Department
High-Risk Obstetrics
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Head of Discipline
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology
University of Sydney
Sydney, Australia
Intraabdominal Masses
G. Marc Jackson, MD
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Intermountain Healthcare
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, Utah
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Joses A. Jain, MD
Clinical Fellow
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Amniotic Band Sequence
Cord Cyst
Cord Varix
Limb–Body Wall Complex
Anthony Johnson, DO
Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Professor of Pediatric Surgery
University of Texas School of Medicine at Houston
McGovern Medical School
Co-Director, The Fetal Center
Memorial Hermann Children’s Hospital
Houston, Texas
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Immune Hydrops Fetalis
Clark T. Johnson, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Congenital Syphilis
Franz Kainer, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Perinatal Medicine and Obstetrics
Clinic Hallerwiese
Nürnberg, Germany
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma and Fetus in Fetu
Karim D. Kalache, MD, PhD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Weill Cornell Medical College—Qatar
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department
Sidra Medical and Research Center
Doha, Qatar
Biliary Anomalies
Katherine S. Kohari, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Echogenic Bowel
Deborah Krakow, MD
Professor
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopedic Surgery, and Human Genetics
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, California
Skeletal Dysplasias: An Overview
Atelosteogenesis Disorders
Campomelic Dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Punctata
DTDST Dysplasia (Including AOII and Achondrogenesis IB)
FGFR3 Disorders: Thanatophoric Dysplasia, Achondroplasia, and Hypochondroplasia
Hypophosphatasia
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Radial Ray Deficiency
Russell-Silver Syndrome
Short Rib Thoracic Dysplasia With or Without Polydactyly
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita
Other Type II Collagen Disorders
Acrofacial Dysostosis
Spinal Abnormalities and Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Abnormal Hands: Focus on the Thumbs
Craniosynostosis
Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus) and Clenched Hands
Wesley Lee, MD
Division Director
Women’s and Fetal Imaging
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children’s Hospital
Houston, Texas
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Chromosome 4p Deletion Syndrome (Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome)
Chromosome 5p Deletion Syndrome (Cri du Chat Syndrome)
Tally Lerman-Sagie, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Child Neurology
Sackler School of Medicine
Tel Aviv University
Head, Pediatric Neurology Unit
Co-Director, Metabolic Neurogenetic Clinic
Co-Director, Fetal Neurology Clinic
Wolfson Medical Center
Holon, Israel
Cerebellar Anomalies
Liesbeth Lewi, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University Hospitals Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Ling Li, MD, PhD
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Pediatric Cardiology
Omaha, Nebraska
Thymus
Heather S. Lipkind, MD, MS
Associate Professor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella
Ryan E. Longman, MD
Director, Reproductive Genetics
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
CHARGE Syndrome
Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber Syndrome
Neu-Laxova Syndrome
Poland Sequence
Adetola F. Louis-Jacques, MD
Fellow
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Morsani College of Medicine
University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida
Meckel-Gruber Syndrome
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Lindsay Maggio, MD, MPH
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Morsani College of Medicine
University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida
Holt-Oram Syndrome
Urania Magriples, MD
Associate Professor
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Gustavo Malinger, MD
Director
Division of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Lis Maternity Hospital
Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
Associate Clinical Professor
Sackler School of Medicine
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv, Israel
Cortical Development and Disorders
Cerebellar Anomalies
Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome
Stephanie Martin, DO
Director, Southern Colorado Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Director, Maternal-Fetal Medicine/Centura Southstate
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)
Josep M. Martinez, MD, PhD
Senior Consultant in Fetal Medicine
Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
University of Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
Ultrasound of Normal Fetal Heart
Ventricular Septal Defect
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Tricuspid Atresia
Ebstein Anomaly and Tricuspid Dysplasia
Pulmonary Stenosis and Atresia
Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Atresia
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Mitral Atresia
Aortic Coarctation
Interruption of the Aortic Arch
Aortic Arch Anomalies
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Arteries
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Common Arterial Trunk
Double-Inlet Single Ventricle
Atrial Isomerism
Anomalies of Pulmonary Venous Return
Anomalies of Systemic Venous Return
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiac Tumors
Arrhythmias
Ahmed I. Marwan, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics
Colorado Fetal Care Center
Division of Pediatric Surgery
Children’s Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Open Fetal Surgery
Audrey Merriam, MD
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Fellow
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University
New York, New York
Placental Abruption
Placenta Circumvallata
Placenta Previa
Silke A. M. Michaelis, MD
Obstetrics
Spitalzentrum Biel—Centre Hospitalier Bienne
Biel-Bienne, Switzerland
Biliary Anomalies
Jena Miller, MD
Assistant Professor
The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy
Baltimore, Maryland
Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetus and Placenta
Russell S. Miller, MD
Assistant Professor
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Radiofrequency Ablation
Selective Laser Photocoagulation
Fetal Shunts
Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence
Anne-Elodie Millischer, MD
Pediatric Imaging and Maternal-Fetal Center
Necker Hospital—Sick Children
AP-HP
Paris Descartes University
Paris, France
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Obstetrics
Ana Monteagudo, MD
Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
New York University School of Medicine and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Carnegie Imaging for Women
New York, New York
Pregnancy of Unknown Location, Early Pregnancy Loss, Ectopic Pregnancy, and Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Leslie Moroz, MD, MSc
Clinical Fellow
Critical Care and Maternal-Fetal Medicine
New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Placenta Accreta
Claudia Mosquera, MD
Physician
The Valley Hospital
Ridgewood, New Jersey
Radiofrequency Ablation
Unzila A. Nayeri, MD
Assistant Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
Parvovirus B19 Infection During Pregnancy
Sarah Običan, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Morsani College of Medicine
University of South Florida Tampa, Florida
Holt-Oram Syndrome
Anthony O. Odibo, MD, MSCE
Professor
Fetal Care Center
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Morsani College of Medicine
University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida
Septooptic Dysplasia
Walker-Warburg Syndrome
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Fraser Syndrome
Meckel-Gruber Syndrome
Noonan Syndrome
Roberts Syndrome
Pontocerebellar Disorders
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Dotun Ogunyemi, MD
System Vice Chair
Beaumont Health
MFM Fellowship Director
Beaumont Hospital
Royal Oak, Michigan
Professor
William Beaumont School of Medicine
Oakland University
Rochester Hills, Michigan
Polyhydramnios
Oligohydramnios
Aris T. Papageorghiou, MD
Consultant in Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine
Fetal Medicine Unit
St. George’s Hospital
University of London London, United Kingdom
Ventriculomegaly
Felicity J. Park, BAppSci, MBBS, FRANZCOG, cMFM
Senior Staff Specialist
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
John Hunter Hospital
Newcastle, Australia
Intraabdominal Masses
Christian M. Pettker, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive
Sciences
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Ambiguous Genitalia
Gianluigi Pilu, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences
University of Bologna
Bologna, Italy
Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cysts, Tumors, and Destructive Lesions
Neural Tube Defects
Lawrence D. Platt, MD
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Center for Fetal Medicine and Women’s Ultrasound
Los Angeles, California
Fetal Biophysical Profile
Introduction to Aneuploidy
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18
Trisomy 21
Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X)
Mosaic Trisomies 8, 9, and 16
Bienvenido Puerto, PhD
Maternal-Fetal Senior Consultant
Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center
Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology
August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute
University of Barcelona Center of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases
Barcelona, Spain
Cleft Lip and Palate
Orbital Defects: Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism
Choanal Atresia
Micrognathia and Retrognathia
Facial Dysmorphism
Cystic Hygroma
Neck Teratoma
Fetal Thyroid Masses and Fetal Goiter
Congenital High Airways Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) and Bronchial Atresia
Melissa Quinn, MBA, RDMS
Division Administrator
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Luigi Raio, MD
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Bern, Inselspital
Bern, Swizerland
Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome
Georgios Rembouskos, MD
Fetal Medicine Unit
Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals
Bari, Italy
Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies
Ivan M. Rosado-Mendez, PhD, MSc
Associate Investigator Institute of Physics
National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Mexico
Ultrasound Physics for the Clinician
Andrea Rossi, MD
Department of Pediatric Neurology
G. Gaslini Children’s Research Hospital
Genoa, Italy
Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies
Francesca Maria Russo, MD
Research Fellow
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Laura Salazar, MD
Maternal-Fetal Fellow Researcher
Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center
Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology
August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute
University of Barcelona
Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases
Barcelona, Spain
Cystic Hygroma
Laurent J. Salomon, MD, PhD
Pediatric Imaging and Maternal-Fetal Center
Necker Hospital—Sick Children
AP-HP
Paris Descartes University
Paris, France
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Obstetrics
Amber Samuel, MD
Physician
Obstetrix Medical Group of Houston
Houston, Texas
Selective Laser Photocoagulation
Magdalena Sanz-Cortés, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Micrognathia and Retrognathia
Neck Teratoma
Fetal Thyroid Masses and Fetal Goiter
Anna Katerina Sfakianaki, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Family Planning
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Pregnancy of Unknown Location, Early Pregnancy Loss, Ectopic Pregnancy, and Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Jeanne S. Sheffield, MD
Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Director of the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Congenital Syphilis
Sara Shelley, MGC
Instructor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Fryns Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
Michelle Silasi, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Fetal Macrosomia
Robert Silver, MD
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, Utah
Lymphedema and Lymphatic Malformations
Lynn L. Simpson, MD
Professor
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Radiofrequency Ablation
Selective Laser Photocoagulation
Fetal Shunts
Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence
Rachel G. Sinkey, MD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Morsani College of Medicine
University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Noonan Syndrome
Pontocerebellar Disorders
Saul Snowise, MD
Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
University of Texas School of Medicine at Houston
McGovern Medical School
Houston, Texas
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Immune Hydrops Fetalis
Pascale Sonigo, MD
Pediatric Imaging and Maternal-Fetal Center
Necker Hospital—Sick Children
AP-HP
Paris Descartes University
Paris, France
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Obstetrics
Hindi E. Stohl, MD, JD
Director, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Harbor–UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, California
Introduction to Aneuploidy
Jens H. Stupin, MD
Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Charité—University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
Choroid Plexus Anomalies: Cysts and Papillomas
Ilan E. Timor-Tritsch, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York
Pregnancy of Unknown Location, Early Pregnancy Loss, Ectopic Pregnancy, and Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome
Ants Toi, MD
Professor of Radiology
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Toronto
Radiologist
Department of Medical Imaging
Mt. Sinai Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Cortical Development and Disorders
Gloria Too, MD
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Clinical Fellow
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Cordocentesis and Fetal Transfusion
Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction
Boris Tutschek, MD, PhD
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist
Prenatal Zurich
Zürich, Switzerland
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Medical Faculty
Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Germany
Abdominal Cysts
Hepatic Anomalies
Fetal Spleen
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound: Techniques and Clinical Applications
Methodius G. Tuuli, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Septooptic Dysplasia
Walker-Warburg Syndrome
Fraser Syndrome
Roberts Syndrome
Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, MD
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Professor and Director
Clinical Prenatal Genetics Service
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
Baylor College of Medicine
The Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute
Texas Children’s Hospital
Houston, Texas
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Chromosome 4p Deletion Syndrome (Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome)
Chromosome 5p Deletion Syndrome (Cri du Chat Syndrome)
Tim Van Mieghem, MD, PhD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Joy Vink, MD
Assistant Professor
Co-Director, Preterm Birth Prevention Center
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Diagnostic Procedures in Multiples
Paolo Volpe, MD
Fetal Medicine Unit
Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals
Bari, Italy
Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies
Carmela Votino, MD
Fetal Medicine Unit
Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals
Bari, Italy
Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies
Jennifer M. Walsh, MB, BCh, BAO, PhD, MRCOG, FRCPI
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Nuchal Translucency
Erika F. Werner, MD, MS, FACOG
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
Providence, Rhode Island
Cloacal Abnormalities
Lisa C. Zuckerwise, MD
Clinical Instructor/Maternal Fetal Medicine Fellow
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut Thymus
Since the publication of the first edition of this text 5 years ago, we have seen many improvements in the quality of fetal imaging, as well as an explosion in related knowledge of the genetics underlying so much of what we do. This edition features new images and videos and a reorganization of the genetics information sections, including skeletal dysplasias. We also have a unique new section on the latest technologies used in our field.
The changes in this edition arise from the creative thinking and persistence of my fellow editors. I was fortunate that all of the editors from the first edition agreed to a reprise and that Deborah Krakow agreed to join the team to supervise the genetics and skeletal dysplasia sections. Even more than in the first edition,
the format of the book is intended for both print and web access. All of the references for the book are in the web version, as are the video clips that add so much more in many diagnoses.
My deep thanks to our editor at Elsevier, Robin Carter, as well as our content specialist, Anne Snyder, who did so much day to day to keep the project moving. Finally, the authors of all the chapters deserve recognition for their work in producing outstanding contributions. All of the editors share my gratitude—and frankly my awe—at what came from our colleagues in producing this volume.
Joshua A. Copel, MD
VIDEO CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4 HYDROTHORAX
VIDEO 4.1 Bilateral Fetal Pleural Effusion or Hydrothorax
VIDEO 4.2 Massive Fetal Pericardial Effusion
CHAPTER 20 GASTROSCHISIS
VIDEO 20.1 Color Doppler Image of the Umbilical Cord Insertion Into the Abdomen Adjacent to the Herniated Bowel in a Fetus With Gastroschisis
VIDEO 20.2 Four-Dimensional Ultrasound of Fetal Torso With Gastroschisis
CHAPTER 21 OMPHALOCELE
VIDEO 21.1 Omphalocele With Levorotated Heart
CHAPTER 24 ABDOMINAL CYSTS
VIDEO 24.1 Partial Resection of Ovarian Cyst in a Neonate
VIDEO 24.2 Endoscopic Retrieval of a Detached Right Ovary With Hemorrhagic Cyst in a Neonate
VIDEO 24.3 Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Duplication in a Neonate
VIDEO 24.4 Normal Fetal Small Bowel Mesentery
CHAPTER 27 CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
VIDEO 27.1 Ultrasound of Isolated Left-Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
VIDEO 27.2 Fetoscopic Removal of Tracheal Balloon in a Fetus With Isolated Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
CHAPTER 28 HEPATIC ANOMALIES
VIDEO 28.1 Gray Scale Imaging of Hepatic Hemangioma
VIDEO 28.2 Power Doppler Imaging of a Hepatic Hemangioma
CHAPTER 32 FETAL SPLEEN
VIDEO 32.1 Double Vessel Sign in Left-Isomerism: Transverse View
VIDEO 32.2 Double Vessel Sign in Left-Isomerism: Sagittal View
CHAPTER 39 HOLOPROSENCEPHALY
VIDEO 39.1 Coronar Slices Through the Monocavity of the HPE-Brain in an 18-Week-Old Fetus
VIDEO 39.2 Approximately 13-Week-Old Fetus With Alobar HPE: Horizontal Slices Through the Brain
VIDEO 39.3 Approximately 13-Week-Old Fetus With Alobar HPE: Coronar Slices Through the Brain
VIDEO 39.4 Approximately 13-Week-Old Fetus With Alobar HPE: Coronar Slices Through the Brain
CHAPTER 65 CLEFT LIP AND PALATE
VIDEO 65.1 Three-Dimensional Multiplanar Mode of a Fetus With a Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate at 21 Weeks’ Gestation
CHAPTER 68 MICROGNATHIA AND RETROGNATHIA
VIDEO 68.1 Agnathia
VIDEO 68.2 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of a Fetus With Micrognathia
VIDEO 68.3 Four-Dimensional Reconstruction of a Fetus With Micrognathia
CHAPTER 69 FACIAL DYSMORPHISM
VIDEO 69.1 Otocephaly and Micrognathia
CHAPTER 71 NECK TERATOMA
VIDEO 71.1 Unilocular, Encapsulated Complex Tumor of Fetal Neck
VIDEO 71.2 Primarily Solid Neck Tumor
VIDEO 71.3 Neck Teratoma
CHAPTER 74 ULTRASOUND OF NORMAL FETAL HEART
VIDEO 74.1 Normal Drainage of Superior Pulmonary Veins to the Left Atrium
VIDEO 74.2 Normal View of Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, and Ductal Arch
VIDEO 74.3 Normal Ductal Arch
VIDEO 74.4 Normal Aortic Arch
VIDEO 74.5 Normal Aortic Arch
VIDEO 74.6 Drainage of the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Into the Right Atrium
VIDEO 74.7 Presence of a Normal Ductus Venosus
VIDEO 74.8 Normal Heart Evaluated by Transvaginal Route
VIDEO 74.9 Transposition of Great Arteries
VIDEO 74.10 Examination of a Normal Heart by the Five Short-Axis Views
CHAPTER 75 VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
VIDEO 75.1 Small Apical Ventricular Septal Defects
VIDEO 75.2 Large Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects
CHAPTER 76 ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
VIDEO 76.1 Unbalanced Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects
VIDEO 76.2 Unbalanced Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects
VIDEO 76.3 Incomplete Atrioventricular Septal Defects
VIDEO 76.4 Incomplete Atrioventricular Septal Defects
CHAPTER 77 TRICUSPID ATRESIA
VIDEO 77.1 Gray Scale Imaging of Tricuspid Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect
VIDEO 77.2 Gray Scale and Color Doppler Imaging of Tricuspid Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect
VIDEO 77.3 Tricuspid Atresia Without Ventricular Septal Defect
CHAPTER 78 EBSTEIN ANOMALY AND TRICUSPID DYSPLASIA
VIDEO 78.1 Gray Scale and Color Doppler Images of Ebstein Anomaly of Tricuspid Valve
VIDEO 78.2 Ebstein Anomaly of Tricuspid Valve
CHAPTER 79 PULMONARY STENOSIS AND ATRESIA
VIDEO 79.1 Fetus With Pulmonary Stenosis and Intact Interventricular Septum
VIDEO 79.2 Pulmonic Stenosis
CHAPTER 81 HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME AND MITRAL ATRESIA
VIDEO 81.1 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome in a Case of Aortic Atresia
CHAPTER 82 AORTIC COARCTATION
VIDEO 82.1 Fetal Aortic Coarctation
CHAPTER 83 INTERRUPTION OF THE AORTIC ARCH
VIDEO 83.1 Fetus With Interrupted Aortic Arch
CHAPTER 84 AORTIC ARCH ANOMALIES
VIDEO 84.1 Right Aortic Arch
VIDEO 84.2 Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery
CHAPTER 85 TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
VIDEO 85.1 Tetralogy of Fallot
VIDEO 85.2 Tetralogy of Fallot/Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome
CHAPTER 86 TRANSPOSITION OF GREAT ARTERIES
VIDEO 86.1 Transposition of the Great Arteries and an Intact Ventricular Septum
VIDEO 86.2 Corrected Transposition of the Great Vessels
CHAPTER 87 DOUBLE-OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLE
VIDEO 87.1 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle With Subpulmonary Ventricular Septal Defect
CHAPTER 88 COMMON ARTERIAL TRUNK
VIDEO 88.1 Truncus Arteriosus
CHAPTER 89 DOUBLE-INLET SINGLE VENTRICLE
VIDEO 89.1 Four-Chamber and Outflow Views of Single Ventricle With Transposition
CHAPTER 90 ATRIAL ISOMERISM
VIDEO 90.1 Sweep of Abdomen and Thorax Showing Stomach on One Side and Apex of the Heart on the Opposite Side
VIDEO 90.2 Stomach on the Right Side and Apex of the Heart on the Opposite Side
CHAPTER 91 ANOMALIES OF PULMONARY VENOUS RETURN
VIDEO 91.1 Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
CHAPTER 92 ANOMALIES OF SYSTEMIC VENOUS RETURN
VIDEO 92.1 Extrahepatic Agenesis of the Ductus Venosus
CHAPTER 93 CARDIOMYOPATHY
VIDEO 93.1 Cardiomegaly With Dilated Myocardiopathy
VIDEO 93.2 Noncompacted Cardiomyopathy
CHAPTER 94 CARDIAC TUMORS
VIDEO 94.1 Multiple Rhabdomyomata
VIDEO 94.2 Huge Pericardial Teratoma
CHAPTER 95 ARRHYTHMIAS
VIDEO 95.1 Fetal Tachycardia
VIDEO 95.2 Fetal Tachycardia
VIDEO 95.3 Fetal Atrial Flutter With Variable Block
VIDEO 95.4 Fetal Complete Heart Block
CHAPTER 103 CORD VARIX
VIDEO 103.1 Umbilical Vein Varix
VIDEO 103.2 Umbilical Vein Varix
CHAPTER 115 SELECTIVE LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION
VIDEO 115.1 Fetoscopic Selective Laser Photocoagulation
VIDEO 115.2 Fetoscopic View of Recipient Twin Within a Polyhydramniotic Sac
VIDEO 115.3 Fetoscopic View of a “Stuck” Donor Twin
CHAPTER 118 OPEN FETAL SURGERY
VIDEO 118.1 Open Fetal Repair of a Myelomeningocele
CHAPTER 125 FETAL BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE
VIDEO 125.1 Altered Fetal Breathing
CHAPTER 143 TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
VIDEO 143.1 Third Trimester Fetal Heart With Multiple Echogenic Rhabdomyomas
CHAPTER 163 TWIN REVERSED ARTERIAL PERFUSION SEQUENCE
VIDEO 163.1 Ultrasound Cine Video of an Acardiac Fetus
VIDEO 163.2 Ultrasound Doppler Cine Video of an Acardiac Fetus
CHAPTER 170 ELASTICITY IMAGING IN OBSTETRICS
VIDEO 170.1 Video of Shear Wave Displacement and Wave Front Propagation
CHAPTER 173 THREE-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASOUND: TECHNIQUES AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
VIDEO 173.1 Median Section of a Normal Fetal Trunk at 20 Weeks’ Gestation
VIDEO 173.2 Tomographic Imaging From a STIC Volume, Acquired With Power Doppler Information, of a 23-Week-Old Fetus With d-Transposition of the Great Arteries
VIDEO 173.3 Tomographic Imaging From a STIC Volume, Acquired With Power Doppler Information, of a Normal 23-Week-Old Fetus
VIDEO 173.4 Multiplanar Reconstruction and ThreeDimensional en face View of the Atrioventricular Valve Plane of a 24-WeekOld Fetus With Bradycardia
VIDEO 173.5 Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Angiogram (Reconstruction of the Normal Main Vessels) of the Fetal Trunk at 21 Weeks
VIDEO 173.6 Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Angiogram (Reconstruction of the Normal Main Vessels of the Fetal Trunk) at 21 Weeks
