(eBook PDF) Employment Relations, 2nd Edition
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Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, and Polymer Science and Technology George Wypych
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A Wolf in Duke's Clothing Susanna Allen
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Dollhouse: A Rock Star Romance (The Revolver Duet Book 2)
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LandscapePlantingsinLow-ImpactDesign
PERSPECTIVE
DisavowalandQuest
Findings
Insights
EvolutionandRevolution
ThePlannedExperience
Retrospective
ProjectCredits
QuotationSources
Bibliography
Index
Theworkofthelandscapearchitect (architectofthelandscape) istohelpbringpeople, theirstructures,activities,andcommunities intoharmoniousrelationship withthelivingearth— withthe“want-to-beâ€oftheland
OncetherewasahunterwhospenthisdaystrackingthewideprairiesofNorthDakotawithhisgunanddogandsometimeswithasmallboywho wouldbegtotrotalong.
Onthisparticularmorning,hunterandboy,faroutontheprairie,satwatchingintentlyariseofgroundaheadofthemItwaspockedwithgopher holesFromtimetotimeasmallstripedgopherwouldwhisknervouslyfromthemouthofhisdentothecoverofmattedprairiegrass,soonto reappearwithcheekfoodpouchesbulging
“Smartlittleoutfits,thegophers,â€thehunterobserved“ImeanthewaytheyhavethingsfiguredoutWheneveryoucomeuponagopher village,youcanbesureitwillbenearapatchofgrainwheretheycangettheirfoodandclosebyacreekorsloughforwaterThey’llnotbuild theirtownsnearwillowclumps,forthere’swheretheowlsorhawkswillberoostingAndyou’llnotbefindingthemnearstonyledgesora pileofrockswheretheirenemiesthesnakeswillbehidingreadytosnatchthemWhenthesewiselittlecrittersbuildtheirtowns,theysearchout thesoutheastslopeofaknollthatwillcatchthefullsweepofthesuneachdaytokeeptheirdenswarmandcozyThewinterblizzardsthatpound outofthenorthandwesttoleavethewindwardslopesoftherisesfrozensolidwillonlydriftloosepowdersnowontopoftheirhomes
“Whentheydigtheirdens,â€continuedthehunter,“doyouknowthattheydo?Theyslanttherunwaysteeplydownfor2or3feetandthen doublebackupnearthesurfaceagainwheretheyleveloffanicedryshelfThat’swheretheylie—closeunderthesodroots,outofthewind, warmedbythesun,neartotheirfoodandwater,asfarastheycangetfromtheirenemies,andsurroundedbyalltheirgopherfriendsYes,sir, theysurehaveitallplannedout!â€
“Isourtownbuiltonasoutheastslope?â€thesmallboyaskedthoughtfully
“No,â€saidthehunter,“ourtownslopesdowntothenorth,intheteethofthebitterwinterwindsandcoldasafrostygunbarrelâ€He frowned“EveninsummerthebreezesworkagainstusWhenwebuiltthenewflaxmill,theonlymillfor40miles,wheredoyouthinkweputit? Webuiltitrightsmackontheonlyspotwhereeverybreezeinthesummertimecancatchthesmokefromitsstackandpouritacrossourhouses andintoouropenwindows!?â€
“Atleastourtownisneartheriverandwater,â€saidtheboydefensively
“Yes,â€repliedthehunter“Butwhereneartheriverdidwebuildourhomes?Onthelow,flatlandinsidetheriverbend,that’swhere Andeachspringwhenthesnowsmeltontheprairieandtheriverswells,itfloodsouteverycellarinourtownâ€
“Gopherswouldplanthingsbetterthanthat,â€thesmallboydecided
“Yes,â€saidthehunter,“agopherwouldbesmarterâ€
“Whengophersplantheirhomesandtowns,â€theboyphilosophized,“theyseemtodoitbetterthanpeopledoâ€
“Yes,â€musedthehunter,“andsodomostoftheanimalsIknowSometimesIwonderwhyâ€
WehavelearnedtounleashtheawesomepowercontainedwithintheatomNowwemustlearnthemeansbywhichtocontrolitUSDOE Humanreasonisrootedtotheearth
KennethClark
Wearecreaturesofthemeadow,theforest,thesea,andtheplainWearebornwithaloveoffreshairinourlungs,drypathsunderourfeet,and thepenetratingheatofthesunonourskinWearebornwithaloveforthefeelandsmellofrich,warmearth,thetasteandsparkleofclearwater, therefreshingcoolnessoffoliageoverhead,andthespaciousbluedomeoftheskyDeepdowninsidewehaveforthesethingsalonging,a desiresometimescompelling,sometimesquiescent—butalwaysitisthere
Ithasbeenproposedbymanysagesthat,otherthingsbeingequal,thehappiestpersonisonewholivesinclosest,fullestharmonywithnatureIt mightthenbereasoned:Whynotrestorehumanstothewoods?Letthemhavetheirwaterandearthandsky,andplentyofitButistheprimeval forest—preserved,untouched,orsimulated—ouridealenvironment?HardlyForthestoryofthehumanraceisthestoryofanunendingstruggle toamelioratetheforcesofnatureGradually,laboriously,wehaveimprovedourshelters,securedamoresustainedandvariedsupplyoffood, andextendedcontrolovertheelementstoimproveourwayofliving …Âandwhenhelooked
Atskyorsea,itwaswith thetestingeyes
Ofthemanwhoknowsthe weatherunderhisskin,
Themanwhosmellstheweather
inthechangedbreeze
Andhastriedhimselfagainstit andlivedbyit
StephenVincentBenét
WearetrappedintheroadsideworkingsofourownmachineryTomLamb,LambStudio
ThesearetheFourthatare nevercontent,thathavenever beenfilledsincetheDews beganÂ…
Jacola’s*mouth,andthe glutoftheKite,and thehandsoftheApe,andtheEyes ofMan
RudyardKipling
*Jacolaisthehyena
Whatalternatives,then,areleft?Isitpossiblethatwecandeviseawhollyartificialenvironmentinwhichtobetterfulfillourpotentialandmore happilyworkoutourdestiny?ThisprospectseemsextremelydoubtfulAperceptiveanalysisofourmostsuccessfulventuresinplanningwould revealthatwehaveeffectedthegreatestimprovementsnotbystrivingtosubjugatenaturewholly,notbyignoringthenaturalconditionorbythe thoughtlessreplacementofthenaturalfeatures,contours,andcoverswithourconstructions,butratherbyconsciouslyseekingaharmonious integrationThiscanbeachievedbymodulatinggroundandstructuralformswiththoseofnature,bybringinghills,ravines,sunlight,water,plants, andairintoourareasofplanningconcentration,andbythoughtfullyandsympatheticallyspacingourstructuresamongthehills,alongtherivers andvalleys,andoutintothelandscape
Ecologicaldesignissimplytheeffectiveadaptationtoandintegrationwithnature’sprocesses SimVanderRynStuartCowan
ThevisualclutterofstriproadsidedevelopmentBarryWStarke,EDA
Thereisthatstupendouswholeofaconstructedenvironment,which,likefate,envelopscivilizedlifeItmustnotbeallowedtoconflictseriously withÂ…Ânaturallaws
TheancientideaofaworldwiselyorderedtofunctionaffordsanemotionalgratificationthathasshowneminentandlongtestedsurvivalvalueItis theinspirationforallplanninganddesigning
RichardJNeutra
WeareperhapsuniqueamongtheanimalsinouryearningfororderandbeautyItisdoubtfulwhetheranyotheranimalenjoysa“view,†contemplatesthemagnificenceofavenerableoak,ordelightsintracingtheundulationsofashorelineWeinstinctivelyseekharmony;weare repelledbydisorder,friction,ugliness,andtheillogicalCanwebecontentwhileourtownsandcitiesarestillorientedtocrowdedstreetsrather thantoopenparks?Whilehighwaysslicethroughourcommunities?Whilefreighttrucksrumblepastourchurchesandourhomes?Canwebe satisfiedwhileourchildrenontheirwaytoschoolmustcrossandrecrossmurderoustrafficways?Whiletrafficitselfmustjaminandoutofthecity, morningandevening,throughcloggedandnoisyvalleyfloors,althoughthesevalleyroutesshould,byallrights,begreen,free-flowingparkways leadingintospacioussettlementsandtheopencountrysidebeyond
Thebasicpremiseofscienceisthatthephysicalworldisgovernedbycertainpredictablerules
Weofcontemporarytimesmustfacethisdisturbingfact:oururban,suburban,andruraldiagramsareforthemostpartill-conceived.Our communityandhighwaypatternsbearlittlelogicalrelationshiptooneanotherandtoourtopographical,climatological,physiological,and ecologicalbase.Wehavegrown,andoftencontinuetogrow,piecemeal,haphazardly,withoutreason.Wearedissatisfiedandpuzzled.Weare frustrated.Somewhereintheplanningprocesswehavefailed.
Geniusofplacesymbolizesthelivingecologicalrelationshipbetweenaparticularlocationandthepersonswhohavederivedfromitandaddedto itthevariousaspectsoftheirhumannessNolandscape,howevergrandioseorfertile,canexpressitsfullpotentialrichnessuntilithasbeengiven itsmythbythelove,works,andartsofhumanbeings
RenéDubos
Soundplanning,wecanlearnfromobservation,isnotachievedproblembyproblemorsitebysiteMasterfulplanningexamineseachprojectin thelightofaninspiredandinspiringvision,solveseachproblemasapartofatotalandcompellingconcept,whichuponconsiderationshouldbe self-evidentStatedsimply,acentralobjectiveofallphysicalplanningistocreateamoresalubriouslivingenvironment—amoresecure, effective,pleasant,rewardingwayoflifeClearly,ifwearetheproductsofenvironmentaswellasofheredity,thenatureofthisenvironmentmust
beavitalconcernIdeallyitwillbeoneinwhichtensionsandfrictionshavebeeninthemaineliminated,wherewecanachieveourfullpotential, andwhere,astheplannersofoldPekingenvisioned,mancanliveandgrowanddevelop“inharmonywithnature,God,andwithhisfellow manâ€*1
Suchanenvironmentcanneverbecreatedwhole;oncecreated,itcouldneverbemaintainedinstaticformByitsverydefinitionitmustbe dynamicandexpanding,changingasourrequirementschangeItwillnever,inallprobability,beachievedButstrivingtowardthecreationofthis idealenvironmentmustbe,inalllandplanninganddesign,atoncethemajorproblem,thescience,andthegoal
Allplanningmust,byreason,meetthemeasureofourhumanityItmustmeetthetestofoursenses:sight,taste,hearing,scent,andtouchItmust alsoconsiderourhabits,responses,andimpulsesYetitisnotenoughtosatisfytheinstinctsofthephysicalanimalaloneOnemustsatisfyalso thebroaderrequirementsofthecompletebeing
Ourplanningprofessionshaveacommongoalintheiraimtodetermine,tocreate,andthenkeepcurrentoptimumrelationshipsbetweenpeople andtheirenvironments…
Likethemodernmedicalpractitioner,weseektobringaboutinhumansapsychosomaticbalance,anall-overhealthinthewholemanThis involvespsychologicalfactorsaswellasphysicalandphysiologicalones…
Thesuccessofaworkofdesignmaybesoundlyevaluatedonlybyitsover-alllong-termeffectonthehealthy,happysurvivalofhumansAnyother evaluationofarchitecture,landscapearchitecture,orcityplanningmakeslittleifanysense
NormanTNewton
Asplanners,wedealnotonlywithareas,spaces,andmaterials,notonlywithinstinctsandfeeling,butalsowithideas,thestuffofthemindOur designsmustappealtotheintellectTheymustfulfillhopesandyearningsByempatheticplanning,onemaybebroughttoone’skneesinan attitudeofprayer,orurgedtomarch,orevenelevatedtoahighplaneofidealismItisnotenoughtoaccommodateGooddesignmustdelight andinspire
Ourfivesensestogethergiveusanorganofacquaintance,withwhichweperceiveandexperiencetheouterworld
HansVetter
Aristotle,inteachingtheartandscienceofpersuasion,heldthattoappealtoanypersonanoratormustfirstunderstandandknowthatpersonHe describedindetailthecharacteristicsofmenandwomenofvariousages,stations,andcircumstancesandproposedthatnotonlyeachperson butalsothecharacteristicsofeachpersonbeconsideredandaddressedAplannermustalsoknowandunderstandPlanninginallageshas beenanattempttoimprovethehumanconditionIthasnotonlymirroredbutactivelyshapedourthinkingandcivilization
Nature
NaturerevealsitselftoeachofusaccordingtoourinterestsTothenaturalist,natureunfoldsawonderlandofspiderweb,eggmass,andfern frondTotheminer,natureisthetenaciousyetprodigioussourceofminerals—coal,copper,tungsten,lead,silverTothehydroelectricengineer, natureisanabundantreservoirofpowerTothestructuralengineer,natureineveryguiseisaneloquentdemonstrationoftheuniversalprinciples offormcreationtobeunderstoodandapplied
SpiralnebulaNASA
Natureismorethanabankofresourcestodrawon:itisthebestmodelwehaveforallthedesignproblemsweface
SanyÅRai
TotheWesternmind,thispracticemayseemdubiousInthemorematurecultures,itsefficacyisunquestionedUnfortunatelyitsprincipleshave beenveiledinreligiousmysticismandneverclearlydefinedintechnologicaltermsLetitbesaidonlythathistoricallyarchitects,planners,and engineershaveexpressedintheirconstructionsanintuitivefeelingforthosegeologicalconditionsandnaturalforceswhichhaveshapedand continuetogovernthephysicallandscapeandwhichhaveapowerfulinfluenceonallelementsintroducedSuchpervasiveconditionsinclude surfaceandsubsurfacerockformations,strata,cleavages,fissures,drainageways,aquifers,mineralseamsanddeposits,andlinesand upwellingsofelectricalflowTheyincludealsotheaircurrents,tides,variationsintemperature,solarradiation,andtheearth’smagneticfield Improbableasitmaysound,itisafactthatthecontemporaryarchitectorengineerfacesfewproblemsinstructuraldesignwhichnaturehasnot alreadymetandsolvedByourownstandards,herdesignsarestructurallymoreefficientandestheticallymoresatisfactorythanours Weshould—toparaphrasethatforthrightpre-CivilWarcritic,HoratioGreenough—learnfromnaturelikemenandnotcopyherlikeapesBut thetruthofthematteristhatwehaveonlyrecentlyperfectedthemeanswherebyherstructurescanreallybeunderstood
FredMSeverud
TheNaturalSciences
Thelandscapearchitect’suniquestrengthandcontributiontothecomprehensiveplanningprocessisageneralknowledgeofthenatural sciencesEspeciallyapplicablearegeology,hydrology,biology,botany,andecologyTheseareinadditiontosuchsciencesaschemistry, physics,electronics,thehumanities,andgraphiccommunicationAllareessentialtosoundlandscapedesign
Geology
Tounderstandthetopographicalbaseforanybuildingprojectitisessentialtoknowthestructureandsoiltypeoftheearth’ssurfacelayers Thegeologistlearnsearlyonthatthetopsofhillsandridgesaregenerallyunderlaidwiththedensersubsoilorrock—whichmakeforsolid footingTheymakeexcavationmoredifficultandexpensive,howeverThissuggeststhedesignofbuildingswithoutbasementsorlowerlevels Suchcostlyexcavatedspaceisreplacedwherefeasiblewithon-gradebuildingunitsaroundcourts,whichalsoservetoblockhilltopwindsand holdthewarmingwintersun
Slopingtopographysuggeststerracedstructures,opentotheoutwardviewandwithlowretainingwallsExceptinregionsofdrought,lower groundandespeciallyvalleybottomsbelowvegetateduplandscanbeexpectedtohavedeeper,moister,richersoilsforcropsandgardensHere basementsordeeperfoundationsmayberequiredtoreachbearing,butthediggingiseasy
WilliamSmith’sStrataofEngland&Wales,oneofthefirstgeologicmapsWilliamSmith
Thelevelsite,asontheplain,suggestsanexpandedbuildingplanform,withwingstocatchandcheckthebreezeandcourtstoprotectfromthe windanddrift.Thestudyofgeologyalsomakesoneextremelyconsciousofthedeep-lyingandshiftingtectonicplates,thefaultlines,volcanic cores,andthepotentialhazardsoftornadosandflooding.Onamoremodestscaleitteachesofthevarioussoiltypesandtheirqualitiessuchas erosionresistance,fertility,andstructuralbearing.Inlanduseplanning,thesearetobeavoidedformajortransportation/transitwaysor settlementswherelivesareendangered.Theyarebetterreservedforwelcomeopenspace—leftnaturalorwithlimiteduse,asforgamelandsor recreation.Instorm-proneareas,earlydetectionandmonitoringtechniquesprovideforearlyevacuation,savingthousandsoflivesanduntold destruction.
AllorganismsturnenergyandfoodintolivingmatterwhileproducingwastematerialsofvariouskindsThiswastematterbecomesfoodfor legionsofsaprophytes,literally“decayeatersâ€Thesedecomposers,whichoutnumberspeciesofallotherkinds,includebeetles,fungi, nematodes,andbacteriaThroughtheircomplementarymetabolicpathways,theyreturnbothessentialnutrientsandtracemineralstoactive circulation
SimVanderRynStuartCowan
FromthetimeofEarth’sbeginningstherehasevolvedaninteracting,counterbalancingframeworkforalllife Biosphere
Thislifematrix,orbiosphere,bornofearth,air,fire,andwater,constitutesthewholeofourlivingenvironmentItisasvastasthespacebetween thebasaltfloorofthedeepestoceanbedandthehighestrarefiedreachesoftheouterionosphereItisasawesomeasthetowering thunderheads,theroaringhurricane,andthecrashingsurfItisastoughasthegranitehulkofamountainItis“asfragileasfrostatdawnâ€*2 Thebiosphere,sofearfullyandwonderfullycontrived,ishometocountlessplantandanimalcommunitiesthatrangeintypeandsizefromthe invisiblevirusclustertotheroamingelephantherdorthepodofsoundingwhalesThebiosphereishomeaswelltoallmembersofthehuman raceAsyet,wehavenoother
InSpengler’smostmovingpassage,whereheidentifiesthe“landscapeâ€asthebaseofthe“culture,â€hesays thatÂ…ÂmanÂ…Âissoheldtoitbymyriadfibres,thatwithoutitlife,soul,andthoughtareinconceivable
StanleyWhite
ThebiosphereoftheplanetEarthisdividedintoseveralmajorhabitats:theaquatic,theterrestrial,thesubterranean,andtheaerial Interdependence
Wearejustbeginningtolearntheextenttowhichallorganismsareinterrelatedandinterdependentandthesometimescriticaleffectsofalmost imperceptiblechangesinthetemperature,chemistry,moisturecontent,soilstructure,airmovements,andwatercurrentsonourhabitatThe slightestchangeinthedelicateweboflifemayhaverepercussionsthroughoutthewholeofanaturalsystemsuchasthatofamarsh,pond, watershed,orreceivingoceanbasin
Naturalsystemssupply,transport,treat,andstorewater;modifytheclimate,oxygenateandpurifytheair;producefood;treatorassimilatewaste; buildland;maintainbeaches;andprovideprotectionfromhurricanes…
Ifessentialcomponentsaredestroyed,orifthesystemasawholeisoverstressed,theprocesswillbreakdownandthesystemwillfail AlbertRVerietal
Asliving,breathinghumanbeings,inextricablyrelatedtoallotherorganismsandcreatures,weareutterlydependentuponthelife-giving productivityoftheremainingun-built-uponlandscapeareasoftheEarth.Shouldtheirlife-supportfunctionsbediminishedordisruptedtothepoint thattheyfail,wewouldthenceasetoexist.Onlyveryrecently,inthefaceofburgeoningpopulationgrowth,risingindicesofpollution,andtherapid depletionofourlandandwaterreserves,hassuchacatastropheseemedaremotepossibility.Today,however,thosescientistsbestableto assesstrendsandconditionshavethisverymuchontheirminds.
ThereisacreaturenativetoKenyacalledtheflattidbug,andIwasintroducedtoitinNairobi,someyearsago,bythegreatDr.L.S.B.Leakey. WhatDrLeakeyintroducedmetowasacoral-colouredflowerofaracemesort,madeupofmanysmallblossomslikethealoeorhyacinthEach blossomwasofoblongshape,perhapsacentimetrelong,whichoncloseinspectionturnedouttobethewingofaninsectThecolonyclingingto adeadtwigcomprisedthewholeofaflowersorealinitsseemingthatonecouldonlyexpectfromitthescentofspring…
ThecoralflowerthattheflattidbugimitatesdoesnotexistinnatureTheflattidbughascreatedtheformÂ…Âfromeachbatchofeggsthatthe femalelaystherewillalwaysbeatleastoneproducingacreaturewithgreenwings,notcoral,andseveralwithwingsofin-betweenshades IlookedcloselyAtthetipoftheinsectflowerwasasinglegreenbudBehinditwereahalfdozenpartiallymaturedblossomsshowingonlystrains ofcoralBehindtheseonthetwigcrouchedthefullstrengthofflattidbugsociety,allwithwingsofpurestcoraltocompletethecolony’s creationanddeceivetheeyesofthehungriestofbirds
LeakeyshooktheslickThestartledcolonyrosefromitstwigandfilledtheairwithflutteringflattidbugsTheyseemednodifferentinflightthanany otherswarmofmothsthatoneencountersintheAfricanbushThentheyreturnedtotheirtwigTheyalightedinnoparticularorderandforan instantthetwigwasalivewiththelittlecreaturesclimbingovereachother’sshouldersinwhatseemedtoberandommovementButthe movementwasnotrandomShortlythetwigwasstillandonebeheldagaintheflowerThegreenleaderhadresumedhisbud-likepositionwith hisvaricolouredcompanionsjustbehindThefullblownrank-and-filehadresumeditsaccustomedplacesAlovelycoralflowerthatdoesnotexist innaturehadbeencreatedbeforemyeyes
RobertArdrey
AllformsoflifeareinterdependentwiththeenvironmentEDA
Whatdoesallthismeantotheplanner,thedesignerofcommunities,thehighwayengineer,orthebuilderofhomeandgarden?Simplythatthe integrityofthenaturalorcultivatedlandscapeandthequalityofthewaterwithinitandtheairaboveitaretobeinallwaysprotectedLandareas cannolongerbetreatedaslittlemorethanpictorialstagesetsofforest,billowinggrass,limpidwater,orlavenderhillsamidwhichconstructions canbeblithelyalignedorindiscriminatelyplunkedItisnolongeracceptablethatanylandareabeconsideredanisolatedprivatedomain,tobe shapedatwilltotheheart’sdesireorcarvedupunfeelinglyintocoldgeometricpatternsNosmallestparcelcananylongerbeconsidered apartfromallothercontiguouslandandwaterareasForitisnowwellrecognizedthateachdrawsupontheotherandinturnaffectsthem Ecologically,alllandandwaterareasareinterconnectedandinterrelated
Nature’singeniousprocessofpollination.Asthehoneybeelandsandpressesintotheblossomafternectar,ittriggerstheflowerstamen, forcingitdowninanarctomakecontactwithanddepositonthebee’sbody.Bee,flower,mechanism—whathavewehumansmadeto compare?HermannEisenbeiss,courtesyLIVINGLEICA
NaturalSystems
Itisfundamentaltointelligentlandandresourceplanningthatthenaturalsystemswhichprotectourhealthandwell-beingbeunderstoodand sustainedThatthosemostsensitiveandproductive,togetherwithnature’ssuperlatives,maybepreservedintheirnaturalcondition;that protectivesupportandbufferareasbeconservedanddevotedtolimitedandcompatibleuses;thatthelesscriticalareasselectedfor developmentbesoplannedastodonosignificantharmtotheirenvirons;andthatalllanduseplansbesoconceivedastobringpeopleintothe bestpossiblerelationshipswitheachotherandwiththelivinglandscape
EveryprocessinnaturehasitsnecessaryformTheseprocessesalwaysresultinfunctionalformsTheyfollowthelawoftheshortestdistance betweenpoints:coolingonlyoccursonsurfacesexposedtocooling,pressureonlyonpointsofpressure,tensiononlinesoftension;motion createsforitselfformsofmovement—foreachenergythereisaformofenergy
AlltechnicalformscanbededucedfromformsinnatureThelawsofleastresistanceandofeconomyofeffortmakeitinevitablethatsimilar activitiesshallalwaysleadtosimilarformsSomancanmusterthepowersofnatureinanotherandquitedifferentwayfromwhathehasdone hitherto
Ifhebutappliedalltheprinciplesthattheorganismhasadoptedinitsstrivingtowardusefulends,hewillfindthereenoughemploymentforallhis capital,strengthandtalentforcenturiestocomeEverybush,everytreecaninstructhim,advisehim,andshowhiminventions,apparatuses, technicalapplianceswithoutnumber
RaoulFrance
Earthscape
Wehavecometolearnthroughthecenturiesthatthespinningorbonwhichweliveisaminorplanetsuspendedinlimitlessspace—an infinitesimalspeckofmatterintheuniversalschemeofthingsYetitisourworld—vast,imponderable,andwonderfultous,aworldofmarvelous orderandboundlessenergyItisilluminedandwarmedinrhythmiccyclesbytheheatofoursun,bathedinaswirlingatmosphereofairand moistureItswhite-hotcoreisaseethingmassofmoltenrock;itsthin,coolcrust,pockedandcreasedwithhollowsandridgedwithhills,mountain ranges,andtoweringpeaksThegreaterpartofitsareaisimmersedinsaltwaterseas,whichebbandflowwithheavingtidesandaresweptto theirdepthsbyimmenseandintricatepatternsofcurrent
TheoccupiedlandscapemaybericherbyfarinallthesubtleamenitiesoftheoriginallandifonlythedesignsweapplyareÂ…Âbecomingto theformaswellastothecomplexionofthemeadows,woodsandslopeswepresumetocompliment…ÂLandscapecharactershouldbe intensified,notobliterated;andtheultimateharmonyshouldemergeasablendinwhichthenativequalityoftheregionandthespotstill prevails…ÂThese“humanizedâ€landscapesaretousthemostinvitingandbeloved,andwearepleasedandinspiredlargelyinsofaras thewholestructureandsentimentofthelandscapecanbepreserved…
TherecanbenodeviationfromtherulethatthenewlypreparedlandscapemustbeÂ…Âadistillateorsublimationoftheoriginalmyriadformsif itistobeaworkofartinthesenseofahighartform,timelessandhistorical StanleyWhite
Fromtheice-sheathedpolestotheblazingequator,theearthscapevariesendlesslyWanderingoveritforsomethingclosetoamillionyears,the humanEarthdwellershavelearnedfirsttosurviveandlatertothrivethroughaprocessofadaptationThisprocess,ifwiselycontinued,should gainforusanever-improvingwayoflifeThestudyofthehuman-naturerelationshipisasoldashumansthemselvesInlong-rangeperspectiveit isprobablystillaveryyoungscience,but,everythingconsidered,itisthemostbasicscienceofall
Inourlifetime,wehaveforthefirsttimescaledearth’shighestpeak,plumbeditsdeepestoceantrench,andpenetratedouterspaceWeare temptedtobelievethatwehaveconquerednatureTherearethosewhoholdthatintheyearsaheadwewillfinallysubjectnaturetoourcontrol LetusnotdeludeourselvesNatureisnotsoontobeconqueredbypunymanConquernature!Howcanweconquernature?Weare—blood, bone,fiber,andsoul—averypartofnatureWearespawnedofnature,rootedinnature,nourishedbynatureOureveryheartbeat,everyneural