Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
Richard A. Polin, MD
William T. Speck Professor of Pediatrics
College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University
Executive Vice-Chair
Department of Pediatrics
Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York–Presbyterian
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York
Steven H. Abman, MD
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Director, Pediatric Heart Lung Center
University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado
David H. Rowitch, MD ScD
FMedSci FRS
Professor and Head Department of Paediatrics
Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge, United Kingdom
Adjunct Professor Department of Pediatrics
University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California
William E. Benitz, MD
Philip Sunshine Professor in Neonatology Emeritus
Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California
Elsevier
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Ste. 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
FETAL AND NEONATAL PHYSIOLOGY: SIXTH EDITION
Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISBN-13: 978-0-323-71284-2
Vol 1: 978-0-323-82555-9
Vol 2: 978-0-323-82556-6
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Chapter 166, Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity: The contributor retains copyrights to contributor’s original figures/images.
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DEDICATED TO
Our spouses –
Helene Polin, Carolyn Abman, Risa Sorkin, and Andrea Benitz
Our children –
Allison Polin Steinbrenner, Mitchell Polin, Jessica Moseley, and Gregory Polin
Ryan Abman, Lauren Abman, Mark Abman, and Megan Abman
Sophie Rowitch
Lindsey Benitz, Maija Benitz, and Annika Benitz Chaloff
And our grandchildren –
Lindsey Steinbrenner, Eli Steinbrenner, Willa Polin, Jasper Polin, Elliot Polin, Lily Polin, Casey Moseley, Smith Moseley, Calla Moseley, Winslow Broderick, Mieke Broderick, Isla Abman, and Alina Abman
Contributors
Soraya Abbasi, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate
Yalda Afshar, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Angiogenesis
Sun-Young Ahn, MD
Associate Professor
Pediatric Nephrology
Children’s National Hospital
The George Washington University
Washington, District of Columbia
Organic Anion Transport in the Developing Kidney
Kurt H. Albertine, PhD
Professor
Edward B. Clark Endowed Chair IV in Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
University of Utah Health
Editor-in-Chief, The Anatomical Record
Salt Lake City, Utah
Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Preterm Lung
Karel Allegaert, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Development and Regeneration
Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
KU Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Erasmus Medical Center
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
The Physiology of Placental Drug Disposition
Seth L. Alper, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Urinary Acidification
Gabriel Altit, MDCM, MSc
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
McGill University
Neonatologist
Division of Neonatology
Montreal Children’s Hospital Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Basic Pharmacologic Principles
Ruben E. Alvaro, MD
Medical Director of Neonatology
St Boniface Hospital
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Control of Breathing in Fetal Life and Onset and Control of Breathing in the Neonate
Cristina M. Alvira, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Critical Care Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California
Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature
Natália Carlos Maia Amorim, MS
Master in Nutrition
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition
Nutritionist of University Hospital Ana Bezerra–Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Santa Cruz, Brazil
Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant
Kelsey L. Anbuhl, PhD
Postdoctoral Fellow
Center for Neural Science
New York University
New York, New York
Early Development of the Human Auditory System
Claus Yding Andersen, MSc, DMSc Professor Laboratory of Reproductive Biology University Hospital of Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Denmark
Differentiation of the Ovary
Richard A. Anderson, MD, PhD
Professor
MRC Centre for Reproductive Health
University of Edinburgh
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Differentiation of the Ovary
Katrina A. Andrews, MB BChir
Department of Clinical Genetics
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Department of Medical Genetics
University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre
Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, United Kingdom
Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease
David J. Askenazi, MD, MSPH
Professor Director, Pediatric and Infant Center for Acute Nephrology Department of Pediatrics Division of Nephrology
University of Alabama Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
Débora Gabriela Fernandes Assunção, MD
Nutritionist
Specialist in Neonate Intensive Care
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant
Richard Lambert Auten Jr., MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology) Cone Health System
Greensboro, North Carolina
Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury
Julie Autmizguine, MD, MHS
Associate Professor
Departments of Pharmacology and Pediatrics University of Montreal Infectious Disease Pediatrician Department of Pediatrics CHU Sainte-Justine Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Basic Pharmacologic Principles
Timur Azhibekov, MD, MS CBTI
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Department of Pediatrics MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate
Stephen A. Back, MD, PhD
Clyde and Elda Munson Professor of Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon
Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury
Timothy M. Bahr, MD
Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology University of Utah Health Salt Lake City, Utah
Developmental Erythropoiesis
Peter Russell Baker II, MD
Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics
Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Fetal Origins of Adult Disease: A Classic Hypothesis With New Relevance
Eduardo H. Bancalari, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics—Neonatology
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Tatiana Barichello, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
Houston, Texas
Professor
Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology Graduate Program in Health Sciences
University of Southern Santa Catarina Criciúma, Brazil
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Frederick C. Battaglia, MD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Pediatrics
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction
Andrew J. Bauer, MD
Director, The Thyroid Center Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Professor
Department of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology
Michel Baum, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine
Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Chair in Pediatric Research UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas
Renal Transport of Sodium During Development
Ryan W. Bavis, PhD
Helen A. Papaioanou Professor of Biological Sciences
Department of Biology
Bates College
Lewiston, Maine
Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity
Kathryn Beardsall, BSc, MBBS, MD
Lecturer
Department of Paediatrics
University of Cambridge
Physician
Department of Neonatology
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Role of Glucoregulatory Hormones in Hepatic Glucose
Metabolism During the Perinatal Period
Simon Beggs, PhD
Associate Professor
UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London, United Kingdom
Developmental Aspects of Pain
Corinne Benchimol, DO
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York
Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate
Manon J.N.L. Benders, MD, PhD
Professor Department of Neonatology
University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, The Netherlands
Cerebellar Development—The Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities
Laura Bennet, PhD
Professor Department of Physiology
The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia
Phillip R. Bennett, MD, PhD
Clinical Professor
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction
Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology
Imperial College Parturition Research Group
Researcher
March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre
Imperial College London London, United Kingdom
Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth
Melvin Berger, MD, PhD
Adjunct Professor
Pediatrics and Pathology
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio
The Complement System of the Fetus and Newborn
Wolfgang Bernhard, MD
Professor
Department of Neonatology
Children’s Hospital
Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
Regulation of Surfactant-Associated Phospholipid Synthesis and Secretion
John F. Bertram, BSc, PhD, DSc
Head, Anatomy and Developmental Biology
Professor
Biomedicine Discovery Institute
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms
Shazia Bhombal, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California
Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature
Vinod K. Bhutani, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford
Stanford, California
Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Mary Jane Black, BSc (Hons), PhD
Associate Professor
Deputy Head
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
Biomedicine Discovery Institute
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms
Joseph M. Bliss, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island
Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn
David L. Bolender, PhD
Professor
Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Basic Embryology
Sarah C. Bowdin, MD
Department of Clinical Genetics
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease
Scott D. Boyd, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California
B-Cell Development
Joline E. Brandenburg, MD
Assistant Professor
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles
Laura D. Brown, MD
Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids
Douglas G. Burrin, PhD
Research Physiologist and Professor
USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center
Department of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas
Trophic Factors and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Development
Barbara Cannon, BSc, PhD Professor
Department of Molecular Biosciences
The Wenner-Gren Institute
Stockholm University
Stockholm, Sweden
Brown Adipose Tissue: Development and Function
Michael Caplan, MD
Chairman
Department of Pediatrics
NorthShore University HealthSystem Evanston, Illinois
Clinical Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Pathophysiology and Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Susan E. Carlson, PhD
A. J. Rice Professor of Nutrition and University Distinguished Professor
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment
David P. Carlton, MD
Marcus Professor and Chief Division of Neonatology
Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
Regulation of Liquid Secretion and Absorption by the Fetal and Neonatal Lung Pathophysiology of Edema
Piya Chaemsaithong, MD, PhD
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Faculty of Medicine
Ramathibodi Hospital
Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand
Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Jill Chang, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Jennifer R. Charlton, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Nephrology
University of Virginia Children’s Hospital
Charlottesville, Virginia
Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
Sylvain Chemtob, MD, PhD
Professor
Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology
CHU Ste-Justine and University of Montreal
Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
Hospital Maisonneuve Rosemont and University of Montreal
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Basic Pharmacologic Principles
Sadhana Chheda, MBBS, DTMH
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center–El Paso El Paso, Texas
Immunology of Human Milk
Andrew J. Childs, BSc (Hons), MSc, PhD
Lecturer
Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology
Imperial College London London, United Kingdom
Differentiation of the Ovary
David H. Chu, MD, PhD
Staff Physician
Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery
Scripps Clinic Medical Group
La Jolla, California
Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages
Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD
Kennedy Family Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Molecular Genetics
Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, New York
Basic Genetic Principles
Maria Roberta Cilio, MD, PhD Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Saint-Luc University Hospital
Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
Electroencephalography in the Preterm and Term Infant
Contributors x
David A. Clark, MD
Chairman and Professor Department of Pediatrics
Albany Medical College
Albany, New York
Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn
Paul Clarke, MD, DCH DCCH
Professor Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Professor Norwich Medical School
University of East Anglia
Norwich, United Kingdom
Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
Jane K. Cleal, PhD
Lecturer in Epigenetics
School of Human Development and Health Faculty of Medicine
University of Southampton Southampton, United Kingdom
Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta
Ethel G. Clemente, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant
John A. Clements, MD
Professor Emeritus Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California
Historical Perspective
Ronald I. Clyman, MD
Professor Emeritus Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California
Mechanisms Regulating Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus
Jennifer L. Cohen, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
Division of Medical Genetics Pediatrics
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina
Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease
Susan S. Cohen, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier
Amélie Collins, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York
Developmental Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Allan Collodel, PhD
Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology
Graduate Program in Health Sciences
University of Southern Santa Catarina
Criciúma, Brazil
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis
John Colombo, PhD
Professor
Department of Psychology University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment
Alexander N. Combes, PhD
Senior Research Fellow
Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
Biomedicine Discovery Institute
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms
Andrew J. Copp, MBBS, DPhil
Professor
GOS Institute of Child Health University College London London, United Kingdom
Pathophysiology of Neural Tube Defects
C. Michael Cotten, MD
Professor
Chief, Division of Pediatric Neonatology
Department of Pediatrics
Duke University School of Medicine Durham, North Carolina
Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease
Peter A. Crawford, MD, PhD
Professor
Vice Chair for Research Department of Medicine
Director, Division of Molecular Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, Minnesota
Ketone Body Metabolism in the Neonate
James E. Crowe, Jr., MD
Director
Vanderbilt Vaccine Center
Ann Scott Carell Chair
Pediatrics and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses
C.A. Crowther, MBChB, DCH, MD, CMFM
Professor Liggins Institute
University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Luise A. Cullen-McEwen, BSc, PhD
Research Fellow
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms
Wayne S. Cutfield, MD
Professor Liggins Institute University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Epigenetics
Chanèle Cyr-Depauw, MSc
PhD Candidate
Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells
Karla Danielly da S. Ribeiro, PhD
Nutritionist
Professor Adjunct Department of Nutrition
Researcher
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant
Nicolas Dauby, MD, PhD
Deputy Head of Clinic
Infectious Diseases
CHU Saint-Pierre
Post-Doctoral Researcher Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria
Patricia Davenport, MD
Instructor of Pediatrics Division of Newborn Medicine
Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Developmental Megakaryopoiesis
Joanne O. Davidson, PhD
Senior Research Fellow
Department of Physiology
University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia
Diomel de la Cruz, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
Digestive-Absorptive Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children
Priscila Gomes de Oliveira, MD
Nutritionist
Specialist in Neonate Intensive Care
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant
Barbra de Vrijer, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Western University
London, Ontario, Canada
Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes
Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction
Andrew Del Colle, MS
Research Assistant
Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility
Christophe Delacourt, MD, PhD
Physician
Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology
University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Paris, France
Regulation of Alveolarization
Thomas G. Diacovo, MD
Professor Department of Pediatrics
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Chief, UMPC Division of Newborn Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Platelet–Vessel Wall Interactions
Clémence Disdier, PhD, PharmD
Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Pediatrics
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island
Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier
John P. Dormans, MD
Chief, Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery
Riley Hospital for Children
Garceau Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
The Growth Plate: Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function
François Duhamel, BPharm, MSc
PhD Candidate
Department of Pharmacology
University of Montreal
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Basic Pharmacologic Principles
Minh Dien Duong, MD
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Nephrology
The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York
Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis
Kevin Dysart, MD
Associate Medical Director Division of Neonatology
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate
Eric C. Eichenwald, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Chief, Division of Neonatology
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate
Afif F. El-Khuffash, MB, BCh, BAO, BA(Sci), MD, DCE
Consultant Neonatologist and Pediatrician Department of Neonatology
The Rotunda Hospital
Clinical Professor Department of Paediatrics
Royal College of Physicians in Ireland Dublin, Ireland
Oxygen Transport and Delivery
Peter James Ivor Ellis, PhD
Senior Lecturer
School of Biosciences University of Kent Canterbury, United Kingdom
Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation
Kerry M. Empey, PharmD, PhD
Associate Professor Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Associate Professor (secondary appointment) Clinical Translational Science Institute
Associate Professor (secondary appointment) Department of Immunology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense
Baris Ercal, MD, PhD
Instructor Department of Psychiatry
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Ketone Body Metabolism in the Neonate
Melinda Erdős, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Primary Immunodeficiency Clinical Unit and Laboratory
Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology
Faculty of Medicine
Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Fungi T-Cell Development
Mariella Errede, MD, PhD
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs
Human Anatomy and Histology Unit
University of Bari School of Medicine
Bari, Italy
Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier
Brian J. Feldman, MD, PhD
Walter L. Miller Distinguished Professorship
Department of Pediatrics
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Development of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Fetus
Mario Fidanza, PhD
Postdoctoral Scientist
Systems Vaccinology
Telethon Kids Institute
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria
Matthew J. Fogarty, BVSc, PhD
Assistant Professor Physiology and Biomedical Engineering
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles
Philippe S. Friedlich, MD, MS Epi, MBA
Teresa and Byron Pollitt Family Chair in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Professor Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Co-Director, Fetal and Neonatal Institute
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Chief, Division of Neonatology
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate
Pathophysiology of Shock in the Fetus and Neonate
Ryoichi Fujiwara, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
College of Pharmacy
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Little Rock, Arkansas
Fetal and Neonatal Bilirubin Metabolism
Vittorio Gallo, PhD
Chief Research Officer
Center for Neuroscience Research
Children’s National Research Institute and George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Washington, District of Columbia
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroprotection
Abhrajit Ganguly, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Center for Pregnancy & Newborn Research University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Regulation of Lower Airway Function
Yuansheng Gao, PhD
Professor
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology
Peking University Health Science Center Beijing, China
Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation
Marianne Garland, MB ChB
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Attending Neonatologist Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital of New York New York, New York
Drug Distribution in Fetal Life
Donna Geddes, Post Grad Dip (Sci), PhD
Professor School of Molecular Sciences
The University of Western Australia, Perth Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant
Michael K. Georgieff, MD
Professor Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, Minnesota
Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism
Jason Gien, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Section of Neonatology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Dino A. Giussani, PhD, ScD
Professor
Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience
Professorial Fellow
Gonville & Caius College
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Regulation of Cardiovascular Function During Fetal and Newborn Life
Armond S. Goldman, MD
Emeritus Professor Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas
Immunology of Human Milk
Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, PhD
Associate Professor
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Misty Good, MD
Assistant Professor Division of Newborn Medicine Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Immunology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense Pathophysiology and Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Pamela I. Good, MD
Instructor
Division of Neonatology-Perinatology
Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development
Scott M. Gordon, MD, PhD
Attending Physician
Division of Neonatology
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Instructor
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate
Lucy R. Green, BSc, PhD Physician
Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton, United Kingdom
Nutritional and Environmental Effects on the Fetal Circulation
Nicholas D.E. Greene, PhD
Professor
Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London, United Kingdom
Pathophysiology of Neural Tube Defects
Zoya Gridneva, BSc, PhD
Research Associate School of Molecular Sciences
The University of Western Australia, Crawley Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant
Emmanouil Grigoriou, MD
Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children
Dallas, Texas
The Growth Plate: Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function
Adda Grimberg, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Scientific Director
Diagnostic and Research Growth Center
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Hypothalamus: Neuroendometabolic Center
Ruth E. Grunau, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada
Developmental Aspects of Pain
Jean-Pierre Guignard, MD
Honorary Professor of Pediatric Nephrology
Lausanne University Medical School Lausanne, Switzerland
Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates
Concentration and Dilution of Urine
Alistair J. Gunn, MBChB, PhD
Professor Department of Physiology
University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia
Nursen Gurtunca, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen in the Fetus and Newborn
Kathleen M. Gustafson, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Neurology
Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment
Alice Hadchouel, MD, PhD
Physician
Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology
University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
Paris, France
Regulation of Alveolarization
Gabriel G. Haddad, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Basic Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing and Adaptation to Hypoxia
Thomas W. Hale, RPh, PhD
Professor
Associate Dean of Research
Texas Tech University Health Science Center
Department of Pediatrics
School of Medicine
Amarillo, Texas
Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding
K. Michael Hambidge, MD, ScD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Pediatrics
Section of Nutrition
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate
Cathy Hammerman, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Faculty of Medicine
Hebrew University Director, Newborn Nurseries Division
Neonatology
Shaare Zedek Medical Center
Jerusalem, Israel
Hereditary Contributions to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Thor Willy Ruud Hansen, MD, PhD, MHA
Professor Emeritus
Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine
Oslo, Norway
Pathophysiology of Kernicterus
Mark A. Hanson, MA, DPhil
Director
Institute of Developmental Sciences
University of Southampton
Southampton, United Kingdom
Nutritional and Environmental Effects on the Fetal Circulation
Danny Harbeson, PhD
Experimental Medicine
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria
J.E. Harding, MBChB, DPhil
Professor
Liggins Institute
University of Auckland
Auckland, New Zealand
Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Richard Harding, PhD, DSc
Emeritus Professor
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth
Mary Catherine Harris, MD
Professor Division of Neonatology
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate
Peter Hartmann, BSc, PhD
Emeritus Professor
School of Molecular Sciences
The University of Western Australia, Perth Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant
M. Elizabeth Hartnett, MD
Distinguished Professor in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Department of Ophthalmology
John A. Moran Eye Center
University of Utah Health Salt Lake City, Utah
Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH
Professor Division of Infectious Diseases
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School
Houston, Texas
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Guttorm Haugen, MD
Consultant
Department of Fetal Medicine
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Oslo University Hospital Professor Institute of Clinical Medicine
Faculty of Medicine
University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
Umbilical Circulation
Colin P. Hawkes, MD, PhD
Physician
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Adjunct Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
University College Cork Cork, Ireland
Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
William W. Hay, Jr., MD
Professor (Retired)
Department of Pediatrics
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes
Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction
Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids
Vivi M. Heine, PhD
Assistant Professor
Pediatrics/Child Neurology
Vrije University Medical Center
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Cerebellar Development—The Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities
Michael A. Helmrath, MD
Professor
Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Karen D. Hendricks-Muñoz, MD, MPH
William Tate Graham Professor Chair, Neonatal Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Richmond, Virginia
Structure and Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Emilio Herrera, PhD
Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine
University San Pablo-CEU Madrid, Spain
Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites
Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate
Michael J. Hiatt, PhD
Senior Scientist Research and Development
Stemcell Technologies Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Functional Development of the Kidney in Utero
Stuart B. Hooper, BSc (Hons), PhD
Professor
The Ritchie Centre
Hudson Institute for Medical Research Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth
Physiology of Neonatal Resuscitation
Thomas A. Hooven, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis: Host Immunity and Microbial Virulence
Contributors
Silvia Iacobelli, MD, PhD
Professor of Pediatrics
Réanimation Néonatale et Pédiatrique, Neonatologie
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion
Saint Pierre, France
Centre d’Etudes Périnatales de l’Océan Indien
Université de la Réunion
Réunion, France
Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates
Concentration and Dilution of Urine
Terrie E. Inder, MBChB, MD
Chair
Pediatric Newborn Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Neonate
M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe, PhD
Stephen Walter Ranson Professor and Chair Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
Angiogenesis
Sudarshan Rao Jadcherla, MD, DCH, AGAF
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Sections of Neonatology and Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition
The Ohio State University College of Medicine
Attending Neonatologist
Section of Neonatology
Director
Neonatal and Infant Feeding Disorders Program
Nationwide Children’s Hospital Principal Investigator
Center for Perinatal Research
Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio
Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux
Deepak Jain, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Jennifer G. Jetton, MD
Medical Director, Pediatric Dialysis Unit
Clinical Associate Professor
Division of Nephrology
Stead Family Department of Pediatrics
University of Iowa Health Care
Iowa City, Iowa
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
Alan H. Jobe, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Director, Division of Perinatal Biology
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio
Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury
Surfactant Treatment
Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Helen Jones, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
Placental Development
Pedro A. Jose, MD, PhD
Professor
Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology-Physiology
The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences
Washington, District of Columbia
Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow in the Neonate
Eunjung Jung, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Suhas G. Kallapur, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital
Los Angeles, California
Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury
Surfactant Treatment
Michael Kaplan, MB ChB
Emeritus Director
Department of Neonatology
Shaare Zedek Medical Center
Professor of Pediatrics
Faculty of Medicine
Hebrew University
Jerusalem, Israel
Hereditary Contributions to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
S. Ananth Karumanchi, MD
Professor
Department of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Staff Physician
Medallion Chair in Vascular Biology
Director, Nephrology
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
Frederick J. Kaskel, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Nephrology
The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York
Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis
Lorraine E. Levitt Katz, MD
Physician
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Professor Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth
Haluk Kavus, MD
Medical Geneticist, Postdoctoral Research Scientist
Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Basic Genetic Principles
Susan E. Keeney, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas
Immunology of Human Milk
Steven E. Kern, PhD
Deputy Director, Quantitative Sciences
Global Health-Integrated Development
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle, Washington
Principles of Pharmacokinetics
Shirin Khanjani, MD, PhD University College London Hospitals London, United Kingdom
Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth
Julie Khlevner, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York
Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility
Laurie E. Kilpatrick, PhD
Professor
Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
Lewis Katz School of Medicine
Temple University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate
Chang-Ryul Kim, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Hanyang University College of Medicine
Seoul, South Korea
Director in NICU
Hanyang University Guri Hospital
Guri-si, South Korea
Fluid Distribution in the Fetus and Neonate
Paul S. Kingma, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Surfactant Homeostasis: Composition and Function of Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins
John P. Kinsella, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Section of Neonatology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung
Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Torvid Kiserud, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Clinical Science
University of Bergen
Consultant
Fetal Medicine Unit
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Haukeland University Hospital
Bergen, Norway
Umbilical Circulation
Joyce M. Koenig, MD
Professor
Division of Neonatal/Perinatal Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn
Rohit Kohli, MBBS, MS
Chief, Division of Gastroenterology
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Professor of Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
Bile Acid Metabolism During Development
Tobias R. Kollmann, MD, PhD
Professor
Systems Biology and Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Telethon Kids Institute
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria
Jay K. Kolls, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Medicine and Pediatrics
Tulane University School of Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana
Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense
Christina M. Konecny, MD
Postdoctoral Scholar
Department of Pediatrics
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California
Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Panagiotis Kratimenos, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Center for Neuroscience Research
Children’s National Research Institute and George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
Children’s National Hospital
Washington, District of Columbia
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroprotection
Nancy F. Krebs, MD
Professor Department of Pediatrics
Section of Nutrition
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate
Kaytlin Krutsch, PharmD, MBA
Assistant Professor
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
School of Medicine
Amarillo, Texas
Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding
Kara Kuhn-Riordon, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
University of California Davis School of Medicine
Sacramento, California
Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth
†Thomas J. Kulik, MD
Senior Associate in Cardiology
Department of Cardiology
Boston Children’s Hospital
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate
†Deceased.
T. Rajendra Kumar, PhD
Professor and Edgar L. Patricia M. Makowski and Family Endowed Chair
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant
Jessica Katz Kutikov, MD
Pediatrics Specialist
Voorhees, New Jersey
Hypothalamus: Neuroendometabolic Center
Satyan Lakshminrusimha, MBBS, MD
Professor
Dennis and Nancy Marks Chair of Pediatrics
Pediatrician-in-Chief
UC Davis Children’s Hospital
Sacramento, California
Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Miguel Angel Lasunción, PhD
Head, Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación
Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, and CIBEROBN
Madrid, Spain
Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites
Pascal M. Lavoie, MDCM, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of British Columbia
Clinician-Scientist
BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute
Canada Staff Neonatologist
Children’s & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Mononuclear Phagocyte System
Shelley M. Lawrence, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Divisions of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Neutrophil Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis
Mark K. Lee, MD
Professor and Chief Physician
Nemours Children’s Hospital Wilmington, Delaware
Regulation of Embryogenesis
Mary M. Lee, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Sidney Kimmel Medical College
Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Physician-in-Chief
Nemours, AI duPont Hospital for Children
Chief Scientific Officer
Nemours Health Care System
Wilmington, Delaware
Testicular Development and Descent
Yvonne K. Lee, MD
Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics
Kaiser Permanente
Oakland, California
Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth
Sandra L. Leibel, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
The Extracellular Matrix in Development
Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis
Ofer Levy, MD, PhD
Director, Precision Vaccines Program Division of Infectious Diseases
Boston Children’s Hospital Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Associate Member
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge, Massachusetts
Mononuclear Phagocyte System
Philip T. Levy, MD
Physician
Department of Neonatology
Division of Newborn Medicine
Boston Children’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate
Rohan M. Lewis, PhD
Professor School of Human Development and Health Faculty of Medicine
University of Southampton Southampton, United Kingdom
Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids
Changgong Li, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles County–University of Southern California Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Regulation of Embryogenesis
Fangming Lin, MD, PhD
Director, Pediatric Nephrology Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development
Steven Lobritto, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
NY Presbyterian–Columbia
New York, New York
Organogenesis and Histologic Development of the Liver
Cynthia A. Loomis, MD
Assistant Professor
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology
NYU Grossman School of Medicine
New York, New York
Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages
Peter M. MacFarlane, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio
Regulation of Lower Airway Function
Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity
David A. MacIntyre, PhD
Senior Lecturer
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction
Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology
Imperial College Parturition Research Group
Researcher
March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre
Imperial College London
London, United Kingdom
Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth
Maxime M. Mahe, PhD
Assistant Professor
TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases
INSERM
Université de Nantes
Nantes, France
Adjunct Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Department of Pediatrics
University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio
Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Linn Salto Mamsen, MSc, PhD
Researcher
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology
University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet
Copenhagen, Denmark
Differentiation of the Ovary
Anastasiya Mankouski, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
University of Utah Health
Salt Lake City, Utah
Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury
Carlos B. Mantilla, MD, PhD
Professor and Chair
Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Professor Physiology and Biomedical Engineering
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles
Arnaud Marchant, MD, PhD
Director
Institute for Medical Immunology
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Brussels, Belgium
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses
Kara Gross Margolis, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility
László Maródi, MD, PhD
Professor
Primary Immunodeficiency Clinical Unit and Laboratory
Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology
Faculty of Medicine
Semmelweis University
Budapest, Hungary
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Fungi
T-Cell Development
Karel Maršál, MD, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Lund University
Lund, Sweden
Fetal and Placental Circulation During Labor
Richard J. Martin, MBBS
Professor of Pediatrics, Reproductive Biology, and Physiology & Biophysics
Division of Neonatology
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Drusinsky-Fanaroff Professor Director, Neonatal Research
Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital
Cleveland, Ohio
Regulation of Lower Airway Function
Jayne F. Martin Carli, PhD
Fellow
Department of Pediatrics
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Physiology of Lactation
Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity
Hugo R. Martinez, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Cardiomyopathy and Transplant Cardiology
Cardio-Vascular Genetics Service
Le Bonheur Hospital
Cardio-Oncology Service
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee
Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies
Douglas G. Matsell, MDCM
Head, Division of Nephrology
British Columbia Children’s Hospital
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Functional Development of the Kidney in Utero
Dwight E. Matthews, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Chemistry and Medicine
University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont
General Concepts of Protein Metabolism
Harry J. McArdle, BSc (Hons), PhD
Professor
Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health
University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism
C.J.D. McKinlay, MBChB, PhD
Senior Lecturer
Liggins Institute
University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
James L. McManaman, PhD
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Physiology of Lactation
Patrick J. McNamara, MD, MRCPCH, MSc
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Director, Division of Neonatology
University of Iowa Health Care
Iowa City, Iowa
Oxygen Transport and Delivery
Giacomo Meschia, MD
Emeritus Professor
Department of Physiology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes
Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction
Karen Mestan, MD
Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Steven P. Miller, MDCM, MAS
Division Head, Neurology
Bloorview Children’s Hospital Chair, Paediatric Neuroscience
The Hospital for Sick Children Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Toronto Senior Scientist, Chair
Neuroscience and Mental Health
SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury
Parviz Minoo, PhD
Professor Department of Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles County—University of Southern California Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Regulation of Embryogenesis
Imran N. Mir, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas
Regulation of the Placental Circulation
Lisa J. Mitchell, DO
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, Maryland
Medical Director
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center Fort Hood, Texas
Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity
Ivana Mižíková, PhD
Postdoctoral Fellow
Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells
Tomoyuki Mizuno, PhD
Assistant Professor
Division of Clinical Pharmacology
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio
Pharmacogenomics
Jeremiah D. Momper, PharmD, PhD
Associate Professor
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Organic Anion Transport in the Developing Kidney
Paul Monagle, MBBS, MD, MSC
Professor
Department Paediatrics
University of Melbourne
Haematologist
Department of Haematology
Royal Children’s Hospital
Group Leader
Haematology Research
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Staff Specialist
Kids Cancer Centre
Sydney Children’s Hospital
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Developmental Hemostasis
Jenifer Monks, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Physiology of Lactation
Jacopo P. Mortola, MD
Professor
Department of Physiology
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Mechanics of Breathing
Louis J. Muglia, MD, PhD
Adjunct Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
President and CEO
Burroughs Wellcome Fund
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Fetal and Neonatal Adrenocortical Physiology
Upender K. Munshi, MBBS, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Albany Medical Center
Albany, New York
Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn
Sumana Narasimhan, MD
Assistant Professor
Pediatric Endocrinology
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant
Vivek Narendran, MD, MRCP (UK), MBA
Professor of Pediatrics
Perinatal Institute
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center
Director UCMC-NICU
University of Cincinnati Medical Center
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Physiologic Development of the Skin
Jan Nedergaard, PhD
Professor
Department of Molecular Biosciences
The Wenner-Gren Institute
Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
Brown Adipose Tissue: Development and Function
Leif D. Nelin, MD
Dean W. Jeffers Chair in Neonatology
Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Professor and Chief
Division of Neonatology
The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung
Josef Neu, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
Digestive-Absorptive Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children
The Developing Microbiome of the Fetus and Neonate: A Multiomic Approach
Sandra C.A. Nielsen, PhD
Scientist
Department of Pathology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California
B-Cell Development
Sanjay K. Nigam, MD
Nancy Kaehr Chair in Research
Pediatrics and Medicine
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Organic Anion Transport in the Developing Kidney
Victor Nizet, MD
Distinguished Professor
Vice Chair for Basic Research
Department of Pediatrics
Distinguished Professor
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Neutrophil Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis
Lawrence M. Nogee, MD
Professor
Eudowood Neonatal Pulmonary Division
Department of Pediatrics
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Genetics and Physiology of Surfactant Protein Deficiencies
Shahab Noori, MD, MS CBTI
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Administrative Director of Clinical Research
Division of Neonatology
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Pathophysiology of Shock in the Fetus and Neonate
Andrew W. Norris, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Iowa Health Care
Iowa City, Iowa
Glucose Metabolism in the Fetus and Newborn, and Methods for Its Investigation
Barbara M. O’Brien, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Boston, Massachusetts
Prenatal Diagnosis
Lori L. O’Brien, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms
Karen M. O’Callaghan, PhD
Research Fellow
Centre for Global Child Health
SickKids Research Institute
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Fetal and Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium
Homeostasis
Amanda Ogilvy-Stuart, BM, DM
Consultant Neonatologist
Department of Neonatology
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Role of Glucoregulatory Hormones in Hepatic Glucose
Metabolism During the Perinatal Period
Robin K. Ohls, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology
University of Utah Health
Salt Lake City, Utah
Developmental Erythropoiesis
Henar Ortega-Senovilla, PhD
Adjunct Professor
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine
Universidad San Pablo-CEU
Madrid, Spain
Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate
Justin M. O’Sullivan, PhD
Professor
Deputy Director, Liggins Institute University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Epigenetics
Howard B. Panitch, MD
Medical Director, Technology Dependence Program
Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Professor Department of Pediatrics
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pathophysiology of Ventilator-Dependent Infants
Anna A. Penn, MD, PhD
Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics
George Washington University School of Medicine
Attending Physician and Director
Translational Research for Hospital-Based Services
Co-Director, Cerebral Palsy Prevention Program
Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Neonatology
Investigator
Children’s Research Institute Center for Neuroscience
Children’s National Medical Center
Washington, District of Columbia
Endocrine and Paracrine Function of the Human Placenta
Raymond B. Penn, PhD
Robley Dunglison Professor of Pulmonary Research Director, Center for Translational Medicine Director, Pulmonary Research
Jefferson Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Institute
Vice Chair, Research Department of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development
Margaret G. Petroff, PhD
Associate Professor
Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan
Placental Development
Anthony F. Philipps, AB, MD
Professor Department of Pediatrics
University of California Davis School of Medicine
Sacramento, California
Oxygen Consumption and General Carbohydrate
Metabolism of the Fetus
Francesco Pisani, MD, PhD
Professor
Child Neuropsychiatry Unit
Department of Medicine and Surgery
Neuroscience Section University of Parma
Parma, Italy
Electroencephalography in the Preterm and Term Infant
David Pleasure, MD
Distinguished Professor
Department of Neurology and Pediatrics
University of California Davis School of Medicine
Sacramento, California
Trophic Factor, Nutritional, and Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development
Scott L. Pomeroy, MD, PhD
Bronson Crothers Professor Department of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
Neurologist-in-Chief and Chairman Department of Neurology
Boston Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts
Development of the Nervous System
Martin Post, PhD
Senior Scientist
Translational Medicine
The Hospital for Sick Children
Professor
Department of Physiology
Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
The Extracellular Matrix in Development
Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis
Y.S. Prakash, MD, PhD
Professor
Anesthesiology and Physiology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Regulation of Lower Airway Function
Joshua D. Prozialeck, MD, MSA
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Chicago, Illinois
Development of Gastric Secretory Function
Theodore J. Pysher, MD
Professor
Chief, Division of Pediatric Pathology
Department of Pathology
University of Utah Health
Salt Lake City, Utah
Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Preterm Lung
Raymond Quigley, MD
Professor Department of Pediatrics
UT Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate
Transport of Amino Acids in the Fetus and Neonate
Marlene Rabinovitch, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology
Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California
Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature
Thomas M. Raffay, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology
Case Western Reserve University
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Cleveland, Ohio
Regulation of Lower Airway Function
J. Usha Raj, MD, MHA
Anjuli S. Nayak Professor of Pediatrics
University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois
Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation
Laura B. Ramsey, PhD
Assistant Professor
Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Research in Patient Services
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Co-Director, Genetic Pharmacology Service
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Pharmacogenomics
Sarosh Rana, MD, MPH
Professor Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
Tara M. Randis, MD
Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine
USF Health Morsani College of Medicine
Tampa, Florida
Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis: Host Immunity and Microbial Virulence
Manon Ranger, PhD
Assistant Professor School of Nursing
University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Developmental Aspects of Pain
Timothy R.H. Regnault, PhD
Associate Professor
Departments of Obstetrics/Gynaecology and Physiology/ Pharmacology
Western University
London, Ontario, Canada
Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes
Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction
Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids
Danielle R. Rios, MD
Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology
University of Iowa Health Care
Iowa City, Iowa
Oxygen Transport and Delivery
Roberto Romero, MD, DMedSci Chief, Perinatology Research Branch
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development
National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Detroit, Michigan
Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Charles R. Rosenfeld, MD
Professor Emeritus
Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Anesthesiology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Regulation of the Placental Circulation
A. Catharine Ross, PhD
Professor of Nutrition and Physiology
Nutritional Sciences
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
Daniel E. Roth, MD, PhD
Staff Pediatrician
Division of Pediatric Medicine
The Hospital for Sick Children
Associate Professor
Departments of Pediatrics and Nutritional Sciences
University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Fetal and Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Homeostasis
Henry J. Rozycki, MD
Professor and Vice Chair for Research Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU
Director, Children’s Health Research Institute
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Richmond, Virginia
Structure and Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Thomas D. Ryan, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Director, Clinical Operations, Cardiomyopathy, and Heart Failure
Co-Director, Cardio-Oncology Program
The Heart Institute
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies
Rakesh Sahni, MBBS
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Temperature Control in Newborn Infants
Harvey B. Sarnat, MD
Professor
Departments of Paediatrics, Pathology (Neuropathology), and Clinical Neurosciences
University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Development of Olfaction and Taste in the Human Fetus and Neonate
Ontogenesis of Striated Muscle
Lisa M. Satlin, MD
Professor and System Chair
Department of Pediatrics
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Pediatrician-in-Chief
Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital
New York, New York
Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate
Joseph Scafidi, DO, MS
Associate Professor
Department of Neurology and Pediatrics
Kennedy Krieger Institute
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroprotection
Michael A. Schellpfeffer, MD
Professor
Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Developmental Electrophysiology in the Fetus and Neonate
William Schierding, PhD
Senior Research Fellow
Liggins Institute
University of Auckland
Auckland, New Zealand
Epigenetics
George J. Schwartz, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Nephrology
University of Rochester Medical Center and Golisano Children’s Hospital
Rochester, New York
Urinary Acidification
Jeffrey L. Segar, MD
Physician
Department of Pediatrics
University of Iowa Children’s Hospital
Iowa City, Iowa
Regulation of Cardiovascular Function During Fetal and Newborn Life
David T. Selewski, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Nephrology
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
Istvan Seri, MD, PhD, HonD
Professor
Pediatrics (Research)
First Department of Pediatrics
Semmelweis University
Budapest, Hungary, Professor of Pediatrics (Adjunct)
Pediatrics/Neonatology
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate
Pathophysiology of Shock in the Fetus and Neonate
Thomas H. Shaffer, MSE, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Physiology, Pediatrics, and Medicine
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Professor of Pediatrics
Sidney Kimmel Medical College
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Associate Director, Biomedical Research
Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Wilmington, Delaware
Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development
Martin J. Shearer, BSc, PhD, FRCPath
Physician
Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis
St Thomas’ Hospital
London, United Kingdom
Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
Noah F. Shroyer, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Gary C. Sieck, PhD
Professor
Physiology and Biomedical Engineering
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles
Rebecca A. Simmons, MD
Hallam Hurt Professor Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cell Glucose Transport and Glucose Handling During Fetal and Neonatal Development
Neel Kamal Singh, MBBS, MD
NICU Fellow
Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
The Developing Microbiome of the Fetus and Neonate: A Multiomic Approach
Emidio Sivieri, MS, BE
Biomedical Engineer
Department of Neonatology
CHOP Newborn Care at Pennsylvania Hospital
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate
Laura Smith, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Boston, Massachusetts
Prenatal Diagnosis
Ian M. Smyth, PhD
Group Leader
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
Biomedicine Discovery Institute
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Biomedicine Discovery Institute
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms
Martha C. Sola-Visner, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Medicine
Division of Newborn Medicine
Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Developmental Megakaryopoiesis
Michael J. Solhaug, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology
Physiological Sciences
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Norfolk, Virginia
Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow in the Neonate
Markus Sperandio, MD
Professor
Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Munich, Germany
Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn
Mark A. Sperling, MBBS
Emeritus Professor and Chair
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Professorial Lecturer
Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes
Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai
New York, New York
Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen in the Fetus and Newborn
Lakshmi Srinivasan, MBBS
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate
Diana E. Stanescu, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Charles A. Stanley, MD
Senior Endocrinologist
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Professor Emeritus
Department of Pediatrics
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Robin H. Steinhorn, MD
Senior Vice President and Executive Director
Rady Children’s Specialists of San Diego
Vice Dean, Children’s Clinical Services
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Lisa Stinson, BSc, MMedSci, PhD
Research Fellow
School of Molecular Sciences
The University of Western Australia, Perth
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant
Barbara S. Stonestreet, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island
Fluid Distribution in the Fetus and Neonate Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier
Janette F. Strasburger, MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin
Attending Cardiologist
Herma Heart Institute
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Developmental Electrophysiology in the Fetus and Neonate
Dennis M. Styne, MD
Yocha Dehe Chair of Pediatric Endocrinology
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of California Davis School of Medicine
Davis, California
Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth
Xin Sun, PhD
Professor
Pediatrics and Biological Sciences
University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California
Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung
Lori Sussel, PhD
Professor
Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Development of the Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas
Emily W.Y. Tam, MDCM, MAS
Associate Professor
Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Cerebellar Development—The Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities
Libo Tan, PhD
Assistant Professor
Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management
University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate
Arjan B. te Pas, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden, The Netherlands
Physiology of Neonatal Resuscitation
Vadim S. Ten, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain
Injury
Bernard Thébaud, MD, PhD
Senior Scientist
Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Neonatologist
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells
Claire Thornton, PhD
Senior Lecturer
Comparative Biomedical Sciences
Royal Veterinary College London, United Kingdom
Mechanisms of Cell Death in the Developing Brain
Daniel J. Tollin, PhD
Professor
Department of Physiology and Biophysics
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Early Development of the Human Auditory System
Jeffrey A. Towbin, MD
Executive Co-Director
The Heart Institute
Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital
Professor and Chief Pediatric Cardiology
Medical Director, Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure, and Transplant Services
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Memphis, Tennessee
Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies
William E. Truog III, MD
Sosland Endowed Chair in Neonatal Research
Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders
Children’s Mercy Hospital
Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine
Kansas City, Missouri
Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung
Kristin M. Uhler, PhD
Audiologist/Associate Professor
Otolaryngology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Chair
Audiology, Speech Pathology, and Learning
Children’s Colorado Hospital Aurora, Colorado
Early Development of the Human Auditory System
