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Executive’sGuide toPersonal Security

SECONDEDITION

DavidS.Katz

ThissecondeditionfirstpublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.

PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.

EditionHistory JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.(1e,2003)

Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinany formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise, exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,without eitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentofthe appropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers, MA01923,(978)750–8400,fax(978)646–8600,orontheWebat www.copyright.com.Requeststo thePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley& Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748–6011,fax(201)748–6008,oronlineat www.wiley.com/go/permissions

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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:

Names:Katz,DavidS.,1960-author.|Caspi,Ilan,author.

Title:Executive’sguidetopersonalsecurity/DavidS.Katz,IlanCaspi. Description:Secondedition.|Hoboken,NewJersey:JohnWiley&Sons, Inc.,[2020]|Includesindex.

Identifiers:LCCN2019051845(print)|LCCN2019051846(ebook)|ISBN 9781119574378(paperback)|ISBN9781119574392(adobepdf)|ISBN 9781119574385(epub)

CoverDesign:Wiley

CoverImage:©Pressmaster/Shutterstock

PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321

Tomywritingpartner,colleague,andfriend,IlanCaspi.

Formylateparents,BeatriceandAlvin

Formybeautifulwife,Galina,andmysons,Daniel,Michael, andBenjamin

Formyin-laws,NelliandYefim,andespeciallyformygrandmother-in-law, Sofya,formakingmefeellikeagrandsonagain.

–DavidS.Katz

Tomywritingpartner,colleague,andfriend,DavidKatz.

Formyparents,EttiandYossi,forallyoursupportandlove.

Formybrother,Amit,andmysisters,NiraandHagit—whileourpathsmay bedifferent,thebondbetweenuswillremainforeverstrong.

Formydaughters,EllaandMaya,andmyson,Jacob,forgivingmenew meaningtolifeandaddingendlessjoytoeachday

–IlanCaspi

ABOUTTHEAUTHORS

DavidS.Katz isaformerseniorSpecialAgentwiththeDrugEnforcement AdministrationandthechiefexecutiveofficerofGlobalSecurityGroup,Inc., acompanyprovidingprotectiveandinvestigativeservices,securityandfire/life safetyconsulting,andhighlyspecializedtrainingforbothprivatesectorand governmentclients.Heisanexpertinconductingcomplexdomesticandinternationalinvestigations,executinghigh-riskarrests,conductingundercover andsurveillanceoperationssmallunitanddefensivetactics,preparingsecurity assessments,conductingintelligenceanalysis,andplanninglarge-scaletactical operations.Heisanationallyrecognizedexpertinactiveshooterresponseand prevention.

Davidisafederallycertifiedfirearmsandtacticalinstructorwhospentfour yearsasaPrimaryFirearmsInstructorattheFBI/DEAAcademyinQuantico, Virginia,wherehetaughtfirearmsandtacticstoseveralthousandfederalagents, stateandlocallawenforcementofficers,SWATteams,militarypersonnel,and foreignmilitaryandlawenforcementcounterparts.Arecognizedauthorityin lawenforcementarresttactics,hehasprovidedtrainingtopoliceunitsandtacticalteamsaroundtheworldincludingtheIsraeliGeneralSecurityAgency,the NewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentEmergencyServicesUnit,andtheMarine detailassignedtoHMX-1,thepresident’sofficialhelicopter.

DavidwasalsotheDEAliaisontotheIsraeliSecretService,developing acooperativerelationshipwiththeirfieldagentsandtrainingstaff.Hehas providedadvancedtacticalfirearmstrainingtoIsraeliGeneralSecurityAgency (ShinBet)instructorsinIsraelandfirearmsandtacticaltrainingtotheDiplomaticSecurityServiceAgentsandU.S.MarinesguardingtheU.S.Embassy inTelAvivandtheU.S.ConsulateinJerusalem.Davidalsoobservedand participatedintraininggiventoShinBetsecurityofficers,ELALIsraelAirlines securityagents,andoperatorsfromeliteIsraelicounterterrorunits.

David’sbackground,skills,andtraininghavemadehimahighlysoughtaftersecurityconsultant.Hehaspreparedtherisk/threat/vulnerability assessmentsandcreatedtheemergencyactionplansformorethan100

commercialproperties,includingmanyofthemostprestigiousinNewYork City.Hisinvestigativeexpertiseisingreatdemandintheprivatesector,andhe hasconductedandsupervisedmanyhigh-profileinvestigationsfornumerous commercialclientsandwell-knownlawfirms.Hehastestifiedasanexpert witnessasbothalawenforcementofficerandsubsequentlyinprivatepractice inhigh-profilefederalcivillawsuitsinvolvinghundredsofmillionsofdollarsin prospectivedamages.

Davidisperhapsbestknownforhisexpertisewithrespecttoactiveshooter responseandprevention.DuringhistenureatQuantico,hedevelopedlesson plansforteachinglawenforcementofficershowtoquicklyanddynamically enterthesceneofanactiveshootersituationandeffectivelyengagetheshooter. Afterleavinggovernmentservice,Davidutilizedhisknowledgewithrespectto activeshooterresponseinordertocreatetheActiveShooterResponseTraining program,widelyregardedasthemostcomprehensive,action-orientedactive shooterresponseprograminthenation.Astrongproponentofproactive preventivemeasures,DaviddevelopedtheActiveShooterThreatRecognition programusinghisextensiveexperienceaswellasresearchfromthenation’stop lawenforcementagencies.Theprogramidentifiedanumberofcommonalities sharedbyactiveshootersandotherperpetratorsofincidentsofmassviolence. Hehaspersonallyprovidedthistrainingtohundredsofclientsincluding Fortune50firms,corporations,universities,privateandpublicschools,religious organizationsincludingmega-churchesandthenation’slargestandmosthighprofilesynagogues,hospitals,governmentandlawenforcementagencies,and residentialproperties.

DavidisalsodirectlyinvolvedwithassistingtheFireDepartmentoftheCity ofNewYorkinthecreationoftheactiveshooterresponseprotocolsthatare taughttoNewYorkCity’sfireandlifesafetydirectors.Attherequestofthat department,heallowedsomeofthematerialhedevelopedtobeincludedinthe studymaterialsfortheFDNYActiveShooter&MedicalEmergencyPreparednesscourse.

HehasalsoprovidedcorporateWorkplaceViolationRecognition& Preventiontrainingtocorporateclientsacrossthecountry.Thisprogram stressedtheimportanceofestablishinga“zero-tolerance”policyforincidents ofworkplaceviolenceaswellasthedevelopmentofproperreportingand documentationproceduresforallsuchincidents.Theprogramalsoteaches howtodeescalateconflictsandtheroleoflawenforcementandprivate securityinsituationsrequiringamorerobustresponse.Inaddition,Davidhas providedsecurityduringnumerous“hostileterminations”andisfamiliarwith themeasuresrequiredtopreventsuchterminationsfromleadingtoviolence.

Davidistheauthorofarticlesonsafetywhiletravelingabroadandhas writtenapproximately50articlesonemergencyplanning,personalsafety, investigativepractice,protectiveequipment,terrorism,andotherrelated topics.Hehaslecturedthroughouttheworldandhasprovidedsecurityand safetytrainingtoseniorexecutivesandtheexecutiveprotectionpersonnel ofsomeoftheworld’sleadingcorporations.Davidisafrequentgueston nationallybroadcasttelevisionandradioprogramsincludingFoxNews,CNN, andothers.HehasalawdegreefromHofstraUniversitySchoolofLaw.

IlanCaspi isabusinessexecutive.Forthelastfifteenyears,hehasworked withseniormanagementinlargecorporationstosolvecomplexbusinesschallengesandimprovebusinessperformance.Priortohisbusinesscareerinthe privatesector,IlanservedasamemberoftheIsraeliGeneralSecurityAgency (ShinBet),theIsraeliDiplomaticSecurityService,andELALIsraelAirlines.He isanexpertinexecutiveprotection,threatassessments,anddevelopingcomprehensivesecurityprotocolsforinternationalorganizations.

BeforejoiningtheIsraeliintelligenceandsecuritycommunity,heserved inacombatunitintheIsraeliAirForceandparticipatedinmanyantiterroristoperations.Duringhisservice,hereceivedthePresidentofIsrael’s“Most DistinguishedSoldier”award.

AsamemberofShinBet,IlanservedintheOfficeofthePrimeMinisterof Israel,wherehespecializedinthefieldofexecutiveanddignitaryprotection. WithELALIsraelAirlines,heacquiredextensiveoperationalpracticeinthe fieldofairportsecuritymanagementandcivilaviation.Heconductedsecurity surveysatvariousairportsandservedasanon-boardsecurityagent.

Ilanappliedhisknowledgeandskillsintheinternationalarenaasa memberoftheIsraeliDiplomaticSecurityService.Heconductedvulnerability assessmentsofinternationalfacilitiesandupdatedsecurityprotocols.During histenureattheIsraeliembassyinWashington,DC,hereviewedtheembassy’s existingsecurityprotocols,implementedimprovements,andtraineddiplomats onpersonalsecurityawarenesswhiletravelingandworkingabroad.Asanexpert inradicalIslamicterroristorganizations,Ilanroutinelyanalyzedintelligence dataandformulatedresponseplanstomeetidentifiedthreats.Hereceived hisBachelorofArtsdegree(cumlaude)inPoliticalScienceandInternational AffairsfromtheOpenUniversityofIsraelinTelAviv.HeholdsanMBAfrom theUniversityofChicago,BoothSchoolofBusiness(Dean’sHonorList,2007) withaconcentrationinStrategy,Marketing,andFinance.

PREFACE

ITHASBEENMORETHANSIXTEENYEARS sincewewrotethefirsteditionofthis book.Atthetime,lessthantwoyearsaftertheattacksof9/11,wehadboth separatedfromservicetoourrespectivecountriesandenteredtheprivatesector.Thecountrystillwasinaheightenedstateofalert.Civiliansworkinginthe privatesectorhadbeendeliberatelytargeted,andcompaniesandindividuals wereforcedtoreconsiderthewaytheyviewedsecurity.Ourinitialgoalwhenwe wrotethefirsteditionofthisbookwastoaddressthechangingsecurityneeds ofprivatecompaniesintheperiodimmediatelyfollowingtheattacksof9/11. Agoodportionofthefirstedition,therefore,providedmeasurestoaddressthe concernsposedbyactsofterrorismorpotentialactsofterrorismonU.S.soil andabroad.

Intheyearsafterthebookwaspublished,weconsultedandtrained hundredsofcompanies,governmentagencies,lawenforcementagents,private securitypersonnel,andexecutives.IlanreceivedhisMBAfromtheUniversityof ChicagoBoothSchoolofBusiness.Hehasworkedasamanagementconsultant andiscurrentlyaseniorexecutivewithamajorinternationalcompany.David foundedGlobalSecurityGroup,Inc.,afirmprovidinganumberofservices includingpersonalprotection,fireandlifesafetyconsulting,planningand drills,privateinvestigations,andhighlyspecializedtraining.Itwasthisprivate sectorexperiencethatprovidedusbothwithaclearerviewintothecurrent stateofsecurityincorporateAmericaandwhatisneededtocontinuetomove towardthegoalofgreatersafetyandsecurityintheworkplace.Althoughthe threatofterrorismwillcontinuetobeanissuethatcanpotentiallyaffect theprivatesector,thisbookfocusesmoreonthemorecommonsafetyand securityconcernsthatcompaniesfaceeachday.

Todaybusinessesfaceamuchmorecomplexsetofsecuritychallengesthan everbefore.Whetheryourcompanyisrelativelysmallandlimitedtoaparticular cityorregionorisamajorinternationalcorporationwithasignificantinternationalfootprint,youmustremaincognizantofthepotentialsafetyandsecurityissuesfacingyourorganizationandemployeesandhowtheyarechanging.

Concernsaboutworkplaceviolence,activeshooterincidents(usuallyaresult ofunaddressedworkplaceviolenceissues),intellectualpropertyandassetprotection,andotherissuessuchashealthemergencies,weather-relatedhazards, naturaldisasters,travelsafetyandoverseaspoliticalupheavals,orlocalizedviolencearemorepressing.Failuretoaddresstheseissuesintheworkplacecould leadtosignificantorevencatastrophicresultsforyourbusinessandemployees. Inthissecondedition,weleverageourcombinedexperiencesfromour careersworkingingovernmentserviceandintheprivatesectortoteachsecurity personnel,corporateexecutives,andemployeeshowtorecognizeandprepare fortherealthreatsfacingordinaryindividualsandcompaniesintoday’sworld. Thisbookprovidesthetypeofinformationnecessarytoempoweryouwiththe knowledgetoprotectyourbusiness,yourself,andothers.Thisknowledge,formerlyprovidedonlytogovernmentsecurityprofessionals,ismadeavailableto youinthisbookinaformatsuitableforthecorporateenvironment.Youwill learnhowthefearandstressexperiencedduringadangerousincidentcauses changesincognitiveability,perception,andtheabilitytomakecriticaldecisions andhowthoseeffectscanbemitigated.Youwilllearnhowtodetectthewarning signsofapotentiallyviolentemployeeandwhattodotopreventviolencefrom occurring.Youwilllearnthesurvivalstrategiestoemployintheeventyouare caughtinanactiveshooterincident.Ifyouareanexecutiveresponsibleforthe safetyofyouremployeesandcorporateassets,youwilllearnhowtosecureyour employeesandyourfacility,howtoformulateemergencyprotocols,andhowto managetheresponsetoafireornon-fireemergency.Ifyouplantotravelabroad orareanexpatriateworkingforyourcompanyinanothercountry,thisbook willarmyouwiththenecessaryknowledgetotaketheactionsthatwillenhance yourphysicalsafetyandsecurityaswellasthesafetyofyourfamilyandcoworkers.Finally,ifyouareanexecutiveresponsibleforcorporatesecurityandlife safetyissues,thisbookwillprovideyouwiththeknowledgetorunasuccessful securityoperationandestablishyourselfasavaluableassetwithinthecorporate businessenvironment.

September2019

INTRODUCTION

THEREISAFOUNDATIONALPRINCIPLE thatappliestoanyseriousdiscussion ofsecurityanditisthis:Unlessyouarecommittedtodevelopingasecuritymind-set,youwillnotbeabletomakeuseofmostoftheinformationthatis providedinthisbook.Thesecuritymind-setisfarmorevaluablethananytechnologyorsecurityprocedureorprotocolwecanputinplace;thehumanfactor isbyfarthemostcriticalelementwhenitcomestoaddressingsecurityandlife safetyconcerns.

Asyoureadthisbook,eachchapterstressesadifferentaspectofsecurity thatisdesignedtogreatlyenhanceoverallsafety,whetheryouareatwork,at home,ortravelingabroad.Eachoftherecommendationsprovidedhasbeen provenovertheyearstobeeffectiveinimprovingyouroverallsecurityposture.However,unlessyoulearnhowtopayattentiontoyoursurroundingsand identifythreatsbeforetheymaterialize,verylittleoftheinformationcontained hereinwillbeofusetoyou.Thefollowingisashortsynopsistowhatweare goingtocoverinthisbook.

Chapter1:DevelopingaSecurityMind-set.Yourbrainisyourmostvaluabletoolwithrespecttopersonalsecurityandoveralllifesafetysowebegin bydiscussinghowtodevelopthesamementalskillsthatwell-trainedsecurity professionalshave.Thischaptermakesthecasethatdevelopingproperobservationalskillsandlearningtodrawtherightconclusionsfromthoseobservations isthesinglemostimportantthinganyonecandotobecomelessvulnerableto harm.Weexplainindetailtheeffectsthatstressandfearexperiencedduringa criticalincidentcanhaveonyourcognitiveandperceptualability.Ideally,the goalistoteachyoutorecognizedangeroussituationsbeforetheyoccur;avoidingadangeroussituationisalwaysbetterbeentryingtoextricateyourselffrom dangeronceithasbegun.

Chapter2:PlanningforEmergenciesintheOffice.Howdoyouhandle anemergencyoremergingincidentintheoffice?Whatifanemployee,client, vendor,orguesthasamedicalemergency?Whataboutafireinyourbuilding oronyourfloor?Therearealsomanynon-fire-relatedemergencies,ranging

fromsevereweather,toaccidents,toactsofterrorisminvolvingweaponsofmass destruction,thatcanthreatenyoursafety.Doyoucurrentlyhaveprocedures inplacetohandlethesetypesofincidents,orwouldyoubeforcedtotryto respondappropriatelyduringacriticalincidentwithoutaplanandwhileunder extremestress?Whataboutprotectingyourbusiness?Arethereactionsrelated tobusinesscontinuityyouwouldneedtotakeintheeventthereisanevacuation orin-buildingrelocation?Howwouldtheclosureofyourofficeorfacilityforan extendedperiodaffectyourbusiness?

Inthischapterweteachyouhowtodevelopplansonhowtorespondinthe eventofanemergencytoensurethesafetyofyouremployees,theprotectionof yourassets,andthecontinuityofyourbusiness.

Chapter3:ReceiptofSuspiciousMailandPackagesandBombThreats. Howwouldyouhandleabombthreatattheoffice?Wouldyouimmediately evacuatethebuildingorwaitforthepolicetoarriveandtellyouwhattodo? Thechancethatyourplaceofbusinesswillreceivealetterorpackagebombis extremelyremote,butmanybusinesseswillhavetodealwithsuchathreatatone timeoranothersopriorpreparationisanecessity.Aremostthreatslegitimate? No,mostsuchthreatsareintendedtodisruptyourdailybusinessactivities.Does thatchangewhatyourresponsewouldbe?

Howwouldyouhandlethereceiptofasuspiciousletterorpackage?What aboutanunattendeditemleftintheofficethatnoonecanidentify?Whatwould youdoifoneofyouremployeesreportedreceivingaletterthatwasleakingsome sortofpowderorliquidandhadastrongornoxioussmell?

Inthischapterwecoveralltheseissuesanddelveintosomemotivationsthat drivethreatsmadetotheoffice.Thesetypesofincidentsalwaysgeneratealaw enforcementresponse,butthestepsyoutakebeforethefirstrespondersarrive arecriticallyimportantandarediscussedingreatdetailinthischapter.

Chapter4:ViolenceintheWorkplace.AccordingtotheBureauofLabor Statistics,homicideisthethirdleadingcauseofdeathintheworkplace. Sometimesthethreatisexternal;retailbusinesses,forexample,haveariskof beingrobbed.However,inmanyothercases,thethreatofharmtoemployees comesfromotheremployees.Employee-generatedviolenceintheworkplace isafrighteningprospectforanycompany,particularlybecause,absentthe creationoftheappropriatereportingsystem,itcanbedifficulttodetect andaddressbeforeanactofviolenceoccurs.Companiesmustestablisha zero-tolerancepolicytowardviolenceintheworkplaceandexercisevigilance inordertodealwithaggressive,belligerent,andpotentiallyviolentemployees. Thischapteranalyzestheriskposedbyviolentindividualsintheworkplaceand suggestsappropriatepreventivemeasurestomaintainasafeenvironmentin

theoffice.Thechapteralsoaddresseshowtodealwithactsofdomesticviolence affectingemployees,assuchviolenceoftenfindsitswaytotheworkplace.

Chapter5:SurvivinganActiveShooterIncident.FBIstatisticsrevealthat thenumberofactiveshooterincidentsisincreasing.Theseeventsareunpredictable,chaotic,andhappenveryquickly.Organizationscannevercompletely eliminatetheriskofsuchanattackoccurring,buttheymaytakemanyactions beforeanattackinordertotryandpreventit,duringanattacktomitigatepotentialdamageandlossoflife,andafteranattacktoreturntonormaloperations asquicklyaspossible.Thischapterreviewsactiveshooterincidents,particularlywithrespecttosuchincidentsintheworkplace,andprovidesinformation neededtosurviveanactiveshooterincidentintheeventoneoccurs.

Chapter6:PersonalandBusinessTravelSecurity.Thetypeofbusinessa companyperformsandthepartsoftheworldwheretheworkisdonecanalso createsecurityissues.Internationalcompaniesmayhavetodealwithpotential threatstotheiroverseasbusinesstravelersandexpatriateemployees.Companies andtheiremployeeslocatedinpoliticallyvolatileareasmaygetcaughtupin localorregionalconflictsoreventerroristattacks.Inthischapterweprovide valuableinformationonhowtoprepareforatripandhowtoconductyourself whileoverseas.Thischapteraddressesresidingabroadaswell.

Chapter7:TraveltoHigh-RiskAreas.Mostcriminalorterroristoperations arenotconductedatrandom.Virtuallyallterroristorcriminalattacksare precededbyapre-operationalstagewhereintelligenceisgatheredaboutthe intendedtarget.Followingatargetinordertolearnhisorherdailyroutineis oneofthemostcriticalelementsofthisstage,andtheobjectiveistoidentify aplaceand/ortimewherethetargetismostvulnerable.Inthischapterwe discusshowsurveillanceisperformedinordertohelpyouunderstandhowto utilizecountersurveillancetechniquestodetectwhetheryouarebeingwatched orfollowed.Youlearntheprinciplesofrouteselectiontoreducevulnerability whiledrivingandrecognizetheimportanceofknowingthelocationofthe nearestsafehaven.Ifyouarerequiredtotraveltopotentiallydangerous areasorareahigh-profileindividualorasecurityprofessionalresponsiblefor protectingsomeone,thischapterwillbeofextremeinteresttoyou.

Chapter8:HijackingandHostageSurvival.Thesubjectsofhowtorespond duringahijackingandhowtosurviveahostagesituationareextremelycomplex. Thereareseveralschoolsofthoughtonwhattodoifyoubecomeembroiledin eitherorbothofthesesituations.Becausecurrentlythereislittleconsensuson thebestwaystorespond,inthischapterwesharethedifferentapproaches.We discusstheprosandconsofthevariousapproachesinordertofamiliarizeyou withtheprevailingexpertopinionsonthistopic.

Chapter9:EspionageandFraudProtection:TheExecutivePerspective. Theftofintellectualpropertyandfraudconstitutemajorsourcesofrevenue andinventorylosstobusinesses.Counterfeitgoods,piratedsoftware,andtheft oftradesecretstogetherrepresentan“economicloss”totheU.S.economyof between$225billionand$600billionannually,accordingtothefindingsofa 2017researchreportfromthebi-partisanIPCommission, TheTheftofAmerican IntellectualProperty:ReassessmentsoftheChallengeandUnitedStatesPolicy.Despite knowingthis,businessesarestillmakingthesamemistakes.Canweprotectthe company’smostcriticalinformationfromfallingintothewronghands?

Executivesareoftenthetargetsofscams,bothsimpleandcomplicated.Can anythingbedonetoreducethisrisk?Inthischapterwecoverbasicfraudpreventionandprotectionofintellectualproperty.

Chapter10:ExecutiveProtection.Protectinganindividualisaverydifferent disciplinefromsecuringafacility.Topexecutivescan’tbelockeddown.Theyare necessarilymobile,andthatmobilitycanexposeexecutivestoavarietyofrisks. Overthelastsixteenyears,wehavehadtheopportunitytoprovidesecurityand closeprotectiontobusinessexecutives,A-listcelebrities,ambassadors,political figures,anddignitaries.Wehavealsotrainedthepersonnelwhoprotectsomeof theworld’smostwell-knownandhigh-profilebusinessmenand-women.What wehavelearnedisthatthereisnomorewidelymisunderstoodsecurityrole inprivateindustrythantheroleoftheexecutiveprotectionprofessional.For someexecutives,asecuritydetailsimplymeansthattheyhaveadriverwhois aformerpoliceofficerandisarmed.Formanyintheentertainmentindustry, thesecurityteamseemstobevaluedbythepound;agentsareextremelylarge, physicallyimposingtypeswhosejobistosimplyactasmobilebouncersforthe client.Thischapterdescribeswhatanexecutiveprotectionprogramcanand shouldbe.

Chapter11:RunningaSuccessfulSecurityBusinessFunction.Overthelast decadetherehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthenumberofcompaniesthat havecentralizedtheirsecurityfunctionsandestablishedanewrolecalleda chiefsecurityofficerorheadofsecurity.Thisindividualisthepersonresponsibleforoverallcorporatesecurity,whichincludesthephysicalsecurityand safetyofemployees,facilities,assets,andprotectionofinformation.Inrecent years,therolehasexpandedtoincludeadditionalrelatedareas,suchasbusinesscontinuityplanning,andlossandfraudprevention.Thispositionishighly challenging,andsuccessrequiresalotmorethanjusttechnicalknowledge. Theroledemandsleadership,strongbusinessacumen,andmanagementskills. Manyinthisrolecomefromalawenforcementormilitarybackgroundbutlack businessexperienceandanunderstandingofcorporateculture.Thisissuemay

beproblematicastheyarefacedwithcompetingforbudgetdollarsandmust makethecaseforincreasedfundingforthesecuritybudgetagainstseasoned businessveteransinotherdivisionsseekingthesamefunds.Learningtonavigateinthecorporateenvironmentisanewskill,andthischapterprovidesyou withtheknowledgeyouneedtodevelop,manage,andrunasuccessfulcorporatesecurityoperation.

Chapter12:BreakingintoaSecurityCareerinthePrivateSector.We decidedtoaddthischaptertorecountourexperiencesinmakingthetransitionfromgovernmentservicetothecivilianmarket.Overthelastfifteen yearswehavelearnedalotandrealizedthatthelessonswelearnedwouldbe helpfulforindividualscurrentlyworkinginlawenforcement,themilitary,or agovernmentagencywithasecurityfunctionwhoarepreparingtoembark onanewcareerinprivateindustry.Alotcanbedonebeforeyousubmityour retirementpapers,andthischapterprovidesthekindofguidancewewish wehadwhenwemadethetransition.Italsohelpsmanagersandexecutives understandtheleveloftalentthatisavailablefromthepublicsectorandhow theycanincorporatethattalentintotheirbusiness.

Chapter13:CarryingaFirearmforPersonalProtection.Weeachhavebeen askedmoretimesthanwecancounttogiveouropinionastowhetheranexecutiveshouldconsidercarryingafirearmforpersonalprotection.Inthisfinal chapter,weaddressthisquestioningreatdetailandgiveadetailedandcomprehensiveanswertothisverydifficultquestion.

Let’sgetstarted.

CHAPTER1

Developinga SecurityMind-set

WELIVEINADANGEROUSWORLD.Youdon’tneedanyonetotellyouthat.

Thegoalofkeepingyourselfsafeandfreefromharmseemstobe almostimpossibletoachieve,andeventhemostcautiousandsecurity-conscious individualssometimesgetinjuredorkilled.However,whilesafetycannotbe guaranteed,itcanbedramaticallyenhanced.Thefirstandmostimportantstep inachievingthisgoalistodevelopwhatisknownasasecuritymind-set.Doing thisrequireslittlemorethanlookingattheworldinaslightlydifferentway.You simplyneedtodevelopasenseofvigilancethatbecomesalmostsubconscious, andthatiswhatthischapterfocuseson.Thegoodnewsisthatitisnotasdifficult asyoumightthink.

Theinitialtaskistolearntobemoreawareofyoursurroundings.Learning tobemoreobservantandhowtodrawthecorrectconclusionsfromyourobservationsiswithoutquestionthemostimportantelementinthisdiscussion;paying attentiontowhatisgoingonaroundyouisyourbestdefenseagainstunforeseen danger.Noneoftheotherrecommendationsinthisbookwillhelpunlessyou firstlearntobecomemoreobservantand,moreimportant,toappreciatethe significanceofthingsyousee.

Togiveyouanideaoftheimportanceofthisconcept,considerthat virtuallyallpoliceofficers,federalagents,professionalsecurityofficers,and othersinsimilarprofessionsaretaughtobservationalskillsasthebuilding blockinthedevelopmentoftheirsurvivalmind-set.Withoutexception,every lawenforcementacademyteachesitsstudentshowtobeobservantandwhat

thingstolookfor.Well-trainedlawenforcementpersonnelscrutinizetheir environment.Theireyesarealwaysmovingandtakingstockoftheirimmediate environment.Afteronlyashortwhileitbecomesanaturalandunconscious habit;theyarealwaysawareofwhat’sgoingonaroundthemandareableto drawappropriateconclusionsfromthethingstheyobserve.Experiencedpolice officersnoticetheunusual:thingsthatlookoutofplace,suchasanunfamiliar carparkedinaparticularneighborhoodorsomeonewearinganovercoatin warmweather.Thisskillisanabsolutenecessityforanyoneinpolicework. Itisalsoanindispensableskillforthoseseekingtoreducetheirchancesof becomingvictims.Thisskillisn’tverydifficulttolearn.Lookforthingsthat appeartobeoutofplaceandassessthemwithrespecttowhetherornotthey mayhavesomeadverseeffectonyourpersonalsafety.

Awarenesstrainingisgenerallythefirstthingtaughtinthesurvivalandsecuritycoursesgiventogovernmentagents,militarypersonnel,andpoliceofficers. IntheOfficeofTrainingoftheDrugEnforcementAdministrationinQuantico, Virginia,newDEAagentsreceiveaspecialblockoftrainingcalledAgentSurvival beforegraduatingandembarkingontheirrewardingalbeitdangerouscareers. Thisparticularcoursedealswithhowtosurvivetheviolentencountersthatthey willallface.Muchofitispsychologicalpreparationintendedtotrainagents tobepreparedtouseallnecessarymeanstosurviveaviolentencounterby developingacombatmind-set.Thecourseisveryintense,andmorethanone individualhasdecidedtoresignaftersittingthroughit.Butbeforethepsychologicaltrainingbegins,thefirstthingtheagentsaretaughtistheoverwhelming importanceofbeingawareoftheirenvironment.Becausethreatsmustbeidentifiedbeforetheycanbeaddressed,awarenessisthefirstlessoninlearninghow tosurvive.

ThesameistrueforIsraelisecurityagents,andtheirtraininginthisskill istakentoanevenhigherlevelthanthatofDEAagents.AnIsraeliagentis taughthowtospotawell-disguisedsuicidebomberorotherattackerbyreading themostsubtlebodylanguageindicators.Nonverbalcommunicationisactually morereliableanindicatorofintentthanthespokenword,anditisthis“humanelement”thatisthemostimportantfactorinidentifyingapotentialthreat. Technologyisagreathelpandawonderfultool,butitstillcannotmatchhuman intuition.

Thislevelofawarenessiscommoninsomecivilianpopulationsthatare, tragically,thetargetsofterrorism.IlanwasborninIsrael,wherehelearnedtobe observantatanearlyage,longbeforeheundertooktheextensivesecuritytrainingprovidedtoIsraelisecurityagentsandbeforehegainedexperienceprotectingIsraelidiplomaticpersonnel.Israelishave,bynecessity,learnedtheselessons

fromseeingtheirfriendsandneighborsmurderedbeforetheireyes.IfsomeoneleavesabagunattendedonanIsraelicitystreetforevenasecond,citizens eithercallfortheownertoidentifyhim-orherselforalertthosearoundthem. Asarule,Americansdon’tdothat.Forabriefperiodinpost–September11 NewYorkCity,peoplewerecognizantofpackagesthatwereleftunattended. However,peoplehaveshortmemories.Thefartherwearefromaneventlike September11,themorecomplacentwebecome.Thesamedynamicistruewith respecttotheanthraxattacksthatoccurredshortlythereafterandthebombing thatoccurredattheBostonMarathononApril13,2013.

Aswehavestated,effectiveobservationalskillsarecriticalasthefirststepto takeifyouwishtoreduceyourriskofharm.Youneedtobecomemoreaware ofyourimmediatesurroundingsandknowhowtoidentifyapotentialthreatto yoursafety.Doingthiswillallowyoutoseedangerbeforeitmaterializesandact appropriatelytoforestallit.Inaddition,thereisanaddedbenefittodeveloping asenseofvigilance.Anyonelookingatyouwiththeintenttodoyouharmwill noticethatyouarepayingattentiontowhatisgoingonaroundyou,andthat immediatelymakesyoualessdesirabletarget.

LEARNINGAWARENESS—THECOLORCODESYSTEM

Howdoyoulearntobecomeawareofyoursurroundings?DEAinstructorsteach acolorcodeawarenesssystemborroweddirectlyfromColonelJeffCooper’s excellentbook PrinciplesofPersonalDefense. 1 Thissystembreaksdownlevelsof awarenessandreadinessintofourcolors:white,yellow,orange,andred.Itisa simpleandeffectivesystemforteachingawarenessandisworthrepeatinghere.

ConditionWhite

Thewhitestageisthesleepstate,thedreamstate,thestateinwhichyouare completelyunawareofyoursurroundings.Itismentionedfirstbecausethemost importantpointtotakeawayfromthischapteristhatyoumust never allowyourselftobeoutinpublicinconditionwhite.Wecanallrelatetotheexperience ofdrivingacarwhilelostinthought.Whenwearriveatourdestination,weare somewhatsurprisedaswereallyhavelittleornoconsciousrecollectionofmakingthetrip.Despitethisfact,wewereabletokeepthecarontheroad,brake whennecessary,andavoidothervehicles.Whileweweredriving,wewereon autopilot.Drivingbecomesanalmostunconscious,reflexactivity.Webecome sousedtodrivingthatweallowourordinarysenseofawarenesstoslacken.

Thisalmostroboticstateiscommontomanyoftheroutinetasksthatweperformeachday.Routineactionstendtolullusintoconditionwhite.Understand thatifyouallowyourselftobeinconditionwhiteandyouareattacked,youhave givenalltheadvantagetoyourassailant.Theonlythingthatmightsaveyouis theattacker’sownineptitude.Conditionwhiteisnotanacceptablestatetoallow yourselftobeinoutsidethehome.

ConditionYellow

Wheninpublic,yourlevelofawarenessalwaysmustbeconditionyellowand youmustadoptthisconditioneachtimeyouleavethehouse.Whatiscondition yellow?Itisthestateofrelaxedalertness.Youareawareofyoursurroundings, butthereisnothingyouseethatwarrantscloserattentionoranelevationin yourconditionofreadiness.Basically,youarejustpayingattentiontotheworld aroundyou.Youarerelaxedandyouareabletonoticetheunusual.Whenyou leavethehouseinconditionyellow,younaturallyobservethestreetorparking area.Youknowwhatisusualforyourneighborhoodandwhatisnot.Youwould immediatelynoticeanunfamiliarvehicleparkednearby.Mostlikelyitisnothing toconcernyouatall,butyounoticeitanyway.Thisistheappropriatecondition tobeinwhenyouareoutandabout.

ConditionOrange

Somethingthatyouhavenoticedinconditionyellowhasgottenyourattention. Yourfocusisnowonaparticularpotentialthreat,andyoubegintoquicklyassess youroptions.Thisiswhereyouneedtoestablishwhatisknownasamental trigger.Yousaytoyourself“IfhedoesX,thenIwilldoY.”Ifthepotentialthreat turnsouttobenothing,yousimplyshiftbackintoconditionyellow.

ConditionRed

Conditionrediseither“fight”or“flight.”Thosearetheonlyoptionsthatare appropriateoncedangerhasmaterialized.However,thereisathird“f”:“freeze.” Thatistheonethingyoumustnotdo,butitisthelikelyreactionofsomeone unawareandunprepared.Ifyouhaveidentifiedyourthreatinconditionorange andhaveestablishedyourmentaltrigger,youwillnotfreeze:Youwillact.

Inordertoillustratetheseconcepts,wearegoingtouseanexamplefrequentlyprovidedbyourgoodfriendandcolleague,JohnFriedlander.Johnis