EDITORIALBOARD
EditorsinChief
DennisH.Bamford
MolecularandIntegrativeBiosciencesResearchProgramme,FacultyofBiologicalandEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki, Finland
MarkZuckerman
SouthLondonSpecialistVirologyCentre,King’sCollegeHospitalNHSFoundationTrust,London,UnitedKingdomandDepartmentof InfectiousDiseases,SchoolofImmunologyandMicrobialSciences,King’sCollegeLondonMedicalSchool,London,UnitedKingdom
SectionEditors
ClaudeM.Fauquet
StLouis,MO,UnitedStates
MichaelFeiss
DepartmentofMicrobiologyandImmunology,CarverCollegeofMedicine,UniversityofIowa,IowaCity,IA,UnitedStates
ElizabethE.Fry
DepartmentofStructuralBiology,NuffieldDepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UnitedKingdom
SaidA.Ghabrial†
DepartmentofPlantPathology,UniversityofKentucky,Lexington,KY,UnitedStates
EricHunter
DepartmentofPathologyandLaboratoryMedicine,EmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicineandEmoryVaccineCenter,EmoryUniversity, Atlanta,GA,UnitedStates
IlkkaJulkunen
InstituteofBiomedicine,UniversityofTurku,Turku,Finland
PeterJ.Krell
DepartmentofMolecularandCellularBiology,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON,Canada
MartKrupovic
ArchaealVirologyUnit,InstitutPasteur,Paris,France
MaijaLappalainen
HUSDiagnosticCenter,HUSLAB,ClinicalMicrobiology,UniversityofHelsinkiandHelsinkiUniversityHospital,Helsinki,Finland
HubertG.M.Niesters
DepartmentofMedicalMicrobiologyandInfectionPrevention,DivisionofClinicalVirology,UniversityMedicalCenterGroningen,Groningen,TheNetherlands
MassimoPalmarini
MRC-UniversityofGlasgowCentreforVirusResearch,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom
DavidPrangishvili
InstitutPasteur,Paris,FranceandIvaneJavakhishviliTbilisiStateUniversity,Tbilisi,Georgia
DavidI.Stuart
DepartmentofStructuralBiology,NuffieldDepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UnitedKingdomandDiamondLight Source,Didcot,UnitedKingdom
NobuhiroSuzuki
InstituteofPlantStressandResources(IPSR),OkayamaUniversity,Kurashiki,Japan
†Deceased.
SaidA.Ghabrial† receivedhisBScin1959fromCairoUniversity,Cairo,Egypt,andhisPhD fromLouisianaStateUniversity,BatonRouge,LA,UnitedStates,in1965.Dr.Ghabrialdid postdoctoralresearchattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA,UnitedStates,beforereturning toCairo,whereheservedasaplantvirologistintheMinistryofAgriculture.Hereturnedto theUnitedStatesin1970todopostdoctoralresearchatPurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN. In1972,hejoinedthePlantPathologyDepartmentattheUniversityofKentucky,Lexington,KY, UnitedStates,whereherosetotherankofprofessorin1986andworkeduntil2013.
Dr.Ghabrialhasservedasanassociateandsenioreditorof Phytopathology.Heservedonthe editorialboardsoftheEncyclopediaofVirology,3rdeditionandEncyclopediaofPlantPathology,andeditedathematicissueof AdvancesinVirusResearchon “Mycoviruses”.Hewasamember oftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSociety(APS)andtheAmericanSocietyforVirology(ASV);in July2002hewaselectedasaFellowoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSociety.Healsoactedas ChairoftheICTVSubcommitteeonFungalVirusesin1987–1993and2011–2014.
Hislongprofessionalcareerallowedhimtomakemanyscientificachievementsinphytopathologyandvirology.Amongthemaremoleculardissectionofalegume-infectingRNA virus,beanpodmottlevirus(BPMV),developmentofBPMV-basedvectors,discoveryofa transmissibledebilitationdiseaseofthephytopathogenicascomycete, Helminthosporiumvictoriae (Cochliobolusvictoriae),establishmentofaviraletiologyofthe H.victoriae disease,and advancementofstructuralbiologyofdiversefungalviruses.
EricHunter,PhD,isProfessorofPathologyandLaboratoryMedicineatEmoryUniversity, Atlanta,GA,UnitedStates.HeservesasCo-DirectoroftheEmoryCenterforAIDSResearch andisaGeorgiaResearchAllianceEminentScholar.
Dr.Hunter’sresearchfocushasbeenthemolecularvirologyandpathogenesisofretroviruses, includinghumanimmunodeficiencyvirus.Hehasmadesignificantcontributionstotheunderstandingoftheroleofretroviralglycoproteinstructuralfeaturesduringviralentryandproviding uniqueinsightsintotheassemblyandreplicationofthisvirusfamily.Inrecentyearstheemphasisof hisresearchhasbeenonHIVtransmissionandpathogenesis,definingtheextremegeneticbottleneck andselectionofviruseswithuniquetraitsduringHIVheterosexualtransmission.Hehasdescribed theselectionof fittervirusesatthetargetmucosa,agenderdifferenceintheextentofselectionbias, andaroleforgenitalinflammationinreducingselection.HisresearchhasdefinedtheimpactofHIV adaptationtothecellularimmuneresponseon immunerecognitionandcontrolofHIVafter transmission,aswellasonvirusreplicative fitnessinvitroandinvivo.Recentworkhighlightstherolesthatvirusreplicative fitnessandsex ofthehostplayindefiningdiseaseprogressioninanewlyinfectedindividual.Hisbibliographyincludesover300peer-reviewedarticles, reviews,andbookchapters.HehasalsobeentherecipientoffourNIHmeritawardsforhisworkonretrovirusandHIVmolecularbiology. Dr.HunterservedastheEditorinChiefofthejournal AIDSResearchandHumanRetroviruses for10years.HewasChairofthe AIDSVaccineResearchSubcommitteewhichischargedwithprovidingadviceandconsultationonAIDSvaccineresearchtothe NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseasesandcontinuestoserveoneditorialboardsforseveralacademicjournalsand onexternaladvisorycommitteesforseveralgovernment,academic,andcommercialinstitutions.
IlkkaJulkunen graduatedasanMD/PhDin1984fromtheDepartmentofVirology,Universityof Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.HeworkedasapostdoctoralresearchfellowatMemorialSloanKetteringCancerCenterinNewYork,UnitedStates,in1986–1989,followedbypositionsasa seniorscientist,groupleaderandresearchprofessoratFinnishInstituteforHealthandWelfarein 1989–2013.In2013hebecameaProfessorofVirologyattheUniversityofTurku,Turku,Finland. TheresearchinterestsofDr.Julkunenhaveconcentratedoninnateandadaptivehumoral immunityinviralandmicrobialinfections.HehasstudiedintracellularsignalingandRIG-Iand TLR-mediatedactivationofinterferonsysteminhumanmacrophagesanddendriticcellsandstable celllinesinresponsetohumanandavianinfluenza,Sendai,Zikaandcoronavirusinfections.In addition,hehasanalyzedthedownregulationofinnateimmunitybyviralregulatoryproteinsfrom influenza,HCV, flavi-, filo-andcoronaviruses.Hehasexpertiseinvaccinology,biotechnologyand developmentofmethodstoanalyzeantiviralimmunity,hehasalsobeenactivelyinvolvedin researchtrainingandcollaborationswithbiotechnologicalindustry.
†Deceased.
PeterKrell startedhiscareerinvirologyearlyasasummerhighschoolstudentworkingforthe CanadianForestryServicestudyingtheresistanceofnuclearpolyhedrosisviruses(nowcalled baculoviruses)toenvironmentalexposurewithDr.FredT.BirdattheInsectPathologyResearch InstituteinSaultSte.Marie,ON,Canada.HereceivedhisBScandMScinbiologyfromCarleton UniversitystudyingtheiridovirusTipulaIridescentViruswithDrPeterLee,inOttawa,theCanadiancapital.ForhisPhDheheadedeasttoDalhousieUniversityinHalifax,NovaScotiaonthe Atlanticcoast.Inadditiontoenjoyingthesaltseaair,freshcod,lobsterandmussels,hestudiedthe molecularbiologyofpolydnavirusesundertheguidanceofDrDonStoltz.HeadingsouthtoTexas A&MUniversityinCollegeStation,TX,UnitedStates,asaPostdoctoralFellowheworkedwithDr. MaxSummer,ofbaculovirusfame,andDr.BradVinsoncontinuingtostudypolydnaviruses,but alsobecamesteepedintheearlydaysofmolecularbaculovirology.Hethenacceptedafaculty positionintheDepartmentofMicrobiologyandImmunologyattheUniversityofGuelphin Guelph,ON,Canada.Thereheswitchedtobaculovirusresearch,whichwasmoretractable,duein parttoavailablecellculturesandfocusedonviralDNAreplicationandfunctionalgenomics, particularlyonchitinase,cathepsinandME53.Incollaboration withDr.EvaNagyhestudiedmolecularbiologyofdifferentanimal viruses,notablyFowlAvianadenovirusesandtheirdevelopmentas vaccinevectors,butalsoonthebirnavirusinfectiouspancreatic necrosisvirus,thecoronavirusporcineendemicdiarrheavirus,fowlpoxvirusandtheparamyxovirusNewcastlediseasevirus.Hehasbeen involvedextensivelywithvirustaxonomy,beingactiveintheInternationalCommitteeonTaxonomyofViruses(ICTV)asmemberofthe Polydnaviridae and Baculoviridae studygroups,nationalrepresentativeofCanadaontheICTV,memberoftheExecutiveCommitteeforthe ICTVandChairoftheICTVInvertebrateVirusSubcommittee.Intermsofgovernance,PeterKrellwasPresidentoftheCanadianSociety ofMicrobiology,SecretaryandlaterPresidentoftheSocietyforInvertebratePathology,aswellasbeingontheEditorialBoardsofthe CanadianJournalofMicrobiology andtheASM JournalofVirology.WhileattheUniversityofGuelph,herosethroughtherankstoProfessor andiscurrentlyUniversityProfessorEmeritus.
MartKrupovic istheHeadoftheArchaealVirologyUnitintheDepartmentofMicrobiologyatthe InstitutPasteurofParis,France.HereceivedhisMScinBiochemistryin2005fromtheVilnius University,Vilnius,LithuaniaandPhDin2010ingeneralmicrobiologyfromtheUniversityof Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.Hiscurrentresearchfocusesonthediversity,origin,andevolutionof viruses,aswellasmolecularmechanismsofvirus–hostinteractionsinarchaea.Hehaspublished over170journalarticlesandservesasaneditororontheeditorialboardsof BiologyDirect,Research inMicrobiology,ScientificReports,Virology,and VirusEvolution.HeisalsoamemberoftheExecutive CommitteeoftheInternationalCommitteeonTaxonomyofViruses(ICTV)andchairsthe ArchaealVirusesSubcommitteeoftheICTV.
MaijaLappalainen,MD,PhD,AssociateProfessorofClinicalMicrobiology,istheHeadof ClinicalMicrobiologyintheHUSDiagnosticCenter,HUSLAB,UniversityofHelsinkiand HelsinkiUniversityHospital,Helsinki,Finland.Inherthesisduringtheyears1987–1992she studiedtheincidenceanddiagnosticsofcongenitaltoxoplasmosis.AfterPhD,herresearch interesthasbeenindiagnosticclinicalvirology,viralhepatitis,respiratoryinfections,viral infectionsintheimmunocompromisedpatientsandviralinfectionsduringpregnancy.
HubertG.M.Niesters (1958)studiedbiologyandchemistryinNijmegen,theNetherlands.After obtaininghisPhDinUtrecht(Prof.dr.M.HorzinekandProf.dr.B.vanderZeijst,1987)onthe molecularepidemiologyofinfectiousbronchitisvirus,heworkedasapost-doctoralfellowwith Prof.dr.JimStraussattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Pasadena,UnitedStates)onthe replicationofAlphaviruses.HereceivedaNielsStensenfellowship(TheNetherlands)andanE.S. Gosneyfellowship(Caltech)duringthisperiod.
AfterreturningtotheNetherlands(1989),hebecamearesearchassociateinmedical microbiologyattheDiagnosticMedicalCenter(Delft)butmovedbacktoclinicalvirologyasa seniorresearchassociatein1991attheErasmusUniversityMedicalCenterRotterdam(Head Prof.dr.AbOsterhaus).From1993to2007,hewasresponsibleforthemoleculardiagnostics unit.Duringthisperiod,hewasinvolvedinthediscoveryandcharacterizationofseveralnew virusesandvariants.In2007,hebecamefullprofessoranddirectoroftheLaboratoryofClinical VirologywithintheDepartmentofMedicalMicrobiologyattheUniversityMedicalCenter GroningenandUniversityofGroningen.
Hehasbeenactivelyinvolvedintheimplementationanddevelopmentofnewtechnologieslikereal-timeampli ficationand automationwithinclinicalvirology.Hehasbeenfocusingonmoleculardiagnosticsanditsuseandtheclinicalvalueina transplantsetting,aswellasinmonitoringtreatmentofhepatitisviruses.Recently,hisinterestfocusesonrapidregionalepidemiology,automationincludingMiddleWaresolutionsformoleculardiagnostics,aswellasthecost–benefitofrapidpoint-ofimpactmoleculartesting.Specialinterestisfocusedonraisingawarenessforthedetectionofenteroviruses(enterovirusD68)and itsrelationshipwithacute flaccidmyelitis(AFM).
Since2017,heistheChairoftheexecutiveboardofQCMD(QualityControlofMolecularDiagnostics,Glasgow).Heisanauditor andteamleaderfortheDutchCouncilofAccreditationandCo-EditorinChiefofthe JournalofClinicalVirology.Heisan (co)-authorofmorethan250peer-reviewedpapers,chaptersandreviewsincludingemergingviruses,suchasenterovirusD68and hepatitisEvirus(H-index80).
Forhisentirework,hereceivedin2016the “EdNowakowskiSeniorMemorialClinicalVirologyAward” fromthePan AmericanSocietyforClinicalVirology.
MassimoPalmarini istheDirectoroftheMRC-UniversityofGlasgowCentreforVirusResearch andChairofVirologyattheUniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom.Aveterinarianby training,hisresearchprogramsfocusonthebiology,evolutionandpathogenesisofarboviruses andthemechanismsofviruscross-speciestransmission.HisworkisfundedbytheMRCandthe WellcomeTrust.MassimoPalmarinihasbeenelectedFellowoftheAcademyofMedicalSciences, oftheRoyalSocietyofEdinburghandoftheRoyalSocietyofBiologyandhewasaWolfson-Royal SocietyResearchMeritAwardee.HeisaWellcomeTrustInvestigator.
DavidPrangishvili,PhD,HonoraryProfessorattheInstitutPasteur,Paris,France,andProfessor atTbilisiStateUniversity,Tbilisi,Georgia,isoneofthepioneersinstudiesonthebiologyof Archaeaandtheirviruses.Hisscientificcareerspansex-USSR(InstituteofMolecularBiology, Moscow;1970–1976),Georgia(GeorgianNationalAcademyofSciences,Tbilisi;1976–1991), Germany(Max-PlanckInstituteforBiochemistry,Munich;UniversityofRegensburg;1991–2004) andFrance(InstitutPasteur,Paris,2004–2020).Intheresearchgroupsheadedbyhim,several dozensofnewspeciesandeightnewfamiliesofarchaealviruseshavebeendiscoveredand characterized,whichdisplayremarkablediversityofuniquemorphotypesandexceptionalgenomecontents.Theresultsofhisresearchcontributetotheknowledgeonviraldiversityonour planetandchangethe fieldofprokaryoticvirology,leadingtothenotionthatvirusesof hyperthermophilicArchaeaformaparticulargroupintheviralworld,distinctivefromvirusesofBacteriaandEukarya,andtothe recognitionofthevirosphereofArchaeaasoneofthedistinctfeaturesofthisDomainofLife.DavidPrangishviliisamemberofthe AcademiaEuropaea,theEuropeanAcademyofMicrobiology,andtheGeorgianNationalAcademyofSciences.
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
StephenT.Abedon
TheOhioStateUniversity,Mansfield,OH, UnitedStates
PeterAbrahamian
AgriculturalResearchService,USDepartmentof Agriculture,Beltsville,MD,UnitedStates
JônatasS.Abrahão
FederalUniversityofMinasGerais,BeloHorizonte, Brazil
FlorenceAbravanel
ToulouseUniversityHospital,Toulouse,Franceand ToulouseUniversityPaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
NicolaG.A.Abrescia
CenterforCooperativeResearchinBiosciences,Basque ResearchandTechnologyAlliance,Derio,Spain; Ikerbasque,BasqueFoundationforScience,Bilbao, Spain;andCenterforBiomedicalResearchintheLiver andDigestiveDiseasesNetwork,CarlosIIIHealth Institute,Madrid,Spain
GianPaoloAccotto
InstituteforSustainablePlantProtection,National ResearchCouncilofItaly,Torino,Italy
ElisabethAdderson
St.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital,Memphis,TN, UnitedStatesandUniversityofTennesseeHealth SciencesCenter,Memphis,TN,UnitedStates
MustafaAdhab
UniversityofBaghdad,Baghdad,Iraq
AlexeyA.Agranovsky LomonosovMoscowStateUniversity,Moscow,Russia
NasimAhmed
NationalInstituteforBiotechnologyandGenetic Engineering,Faisalabad,Pakistan
MaherAlRwahnih UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA,UnitedStates
OlufemiJ.Alabi
TexasA&MAgriLifeResearchandExtensionCenter, Weslaco,TX,UnitedStates
AurélieA.Albertini
InstituteforIntegrativeBiologyoftheCell(I2BC), FrenchAlternativeEnergiesandAtomicEnergy Commission,FrenchNationalCenterforScientific Research,Paris-SudUniversity,Universityof Paris-Saclay,Gif-sur-Yvette,France
AleksandraAlimova TheCityUniversityofNewYork(CUNY),Schoolof Medicine,TheCityCollegeofNewYork,NewYork, NY,UnitedStates
JuanC.Alonso NationalBiotechnologyCenter–SpanishNational ResearchCouncil,Madrid,Spain
ImranAmin NationalInstituteforBiotechnologyandGenetic Engineering,Faisalabad,Pakistan
StephanieE.Ander UniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine,Aurora,CO, UnitedStates
DanielleE.Anderson Duke-NUSMedicalSchool,Singapore,Singapore
IdaBagusAndika QingdaoAgriculturalUniversity,Qingdao,China
AnaC.d.S.P.Andrade FederalUniversityofMinasGerais,BeloHorizonte, Brazil
JuanaAngel Ponti ficalJaverianaUniversity,Bogota,Colombia
VanesaAnton-Vazquez King’sCollegeHospital,London,UnitedKingdom
GuidoAntonelli SapienzaUniversityofRome,Rome,Italy
JosefaAntón UniversityofAlicante,Alicante,Spain
NanakoAoki TokyoUniversityofAgricultureandTechnology,Fuchu, Japan
TimothyD.Appleby King’sCollegeHospital,London,UnitedKingdom
MiguelArenas DepartmentofBiochemistry,GeneticsandImmunology, UniversityofVigo,Vigo,SpainandCINBIO (BiomedicalResearchCenter),UniversityofVigo,Vigo, Spain
BasilArif LaboratoryforMolecularVirology,GreatLakesForestry Centre,SaultSteMarie,ON,Canada
VicenteArnau
InstituteforIntegrativeSystemsBiology(I2SysBio), UniversityofValencia–SpanishNationalResearch Council,Valencia,Spain
GauravArya DukeUniversity,Durham,NC,UnitedStates
LeylaAsadi UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,AB,Canada
SassanAsgari
TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,QLD,Australia
NinaS.Atanasova
FinnishMeteorologicalInstitute,Helsinki,Finlandand UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland
HoussamAttoui
UMR1161Virologie,INRAE – FrenchNational ResearchInstituteforAgriculture,Foodand Environment,ANSES,EcoleNationaleVétérinaire d’Alfort,UniversityofParis-Est,Maisons-Alfort,France
SilviaAyora
NationalBiotechnologyCenter–SpanishNational ResearchCouncil,Madrid,Spain
WalidAzab
FreeUniversityofBerlin,Berlin,Germany
SashaR.Azar
TheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston,TX, UnitedStates
FengweiBai
TheUniversityofSouthernMississippi,Hattiesburg,MS, UnitedStates
DalanBailey
ThePirbrightInstitute,Pirbright,UnitedKingdom
S.C.Baker LoyolaUniversityofChicago,Maywood,IL, UnitedStates
FaustoBaldanti UniversityofPavia,Pavia,ItalyandScientificInstitute forResearch,HospitalizationandHealthcare,San MatteoPolyclinicFoundation,Pavia,Italy
LoganBanadyga
PublicHealthAgencyofCanada,Winnipeg,MB, Canada
AshleyC.Banyard
AnimalandPlantHealthAgency,Addlestone, UnitedKingdom;UniversityofWestSussex,Falmer, UnitedKingdom;andSt.George'sMedicalSchool, UniversityofLondon,London,UnitedKingdom
XiaoyongBao
TheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston,TX, UnitedStates
YimingBao
BeijingInstituteofGenomics,ChineseAcademyof Sciences,UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences, Beijing,China
AlanD.T.Barrett
TheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston,TX, UnitedStates
DianaP.Baquero
ArchaealVirologyUnit,InstitutPasteur,Paris,France andSorbonneUniversity,Paris,France
MosheBar-Joseph AgriculturalResearchOrganization,VolcaniCenter,Bet Dagan,Israel
RachaelS.Barr
BristolRoyalHospitalforChildren,Bristol, UnitedKingdom
RalfBartenschlager HeidelbergUniversity,Heidelberg,Germany
DavidL.V.Bauer
FrancisCrickInstitute,London,UnitedKingdom
OliverW.Bayfield UniversityofYork,York,UnitedKingdom
SallyA.Baylis
Paul-Ehrlich-Institute,Langen,Germany
PhilippaM.Beard
ThePirbrightInstitute,Pirbright,UnitedKingdomandThe RoslinInstitute,UniversityofEdinburgh,UnitedKingdom
PaulBecher UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine,Hannover,Germany
BjörnBecker SaarlandUniversity,Saarbrücken,Germany
KarenL.Beemon JohnsHopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,MD,UnitedStates
MartinBeer
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute,InselRiems,Germany
JoseMiguelBenito HealthResearchInstituteoftheJiménezDíaz Foundation,AutonomousUniversityofMadridandRey JuanCarlosUniversityHospital,Móstoles,Spain
MáriaBenko ˝ InstituteforVeterinaryMedicalResearch,Centerfor AgriculturalResearch,Budapest,Hungary
FelicityBurt
UniversityoftheFreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica
KerryS.Burton
LeamingtonSpa,UnitedKingdom
SarahJ.Butcher
UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland
MathiasBüttner
LeipzigUniversity,Leipzig,Germany
JesseCahill
SandiaNationalLabs,Albuquerque,NM,UnitedStates
MariannaCalabretto
SapienzaUniversityofRome,Rome,Italy
ThierryCandresse
TheNationalResearchInstituteforAgriculture,Food andtheEnvironment,UniversityofBordeaux,Villenave d′Ornon,France
AlanJ.Cann
UniversityofLeicester,Leicester,UnitedKingdom
LorenzoCapucci
TheLombardyandEmiliaRomagnaExperimental ZootechnicInstitute,Brescia,Italy
IreneCarlon-Andres UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UnitedKingdom
JoséM.Casasnovas
NationalCenterforBiotechnology,SpanishNational ResearchCouncil(CSIC),Madrid,Spain
J.W.Casey
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,UnitedStates
R.N.Casey
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,UnitedStates
SherwoodR.Casjens
UniversityofUtah,SaltLakeCity,UT,UnitedStates
AntonellaCasola
TheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston,TX, UnitedStates
JoséR.Castón
NationalCenterforBiotechnology,SpanishNational ResearchCouncil,Madrid,Spain
CarlosE.Catalano
UniversityofColoradoAnschutzMedicalCampus, SkaggsSchoolofPharmacyandPharmaceutical Sciences,Aurora,CO,UnitedStates
RobertoCattaneo
MayoClinic,Rochester,MN,UnitedStates
PatriziaCavadini
TheLombardyandEmiliaRomagnaExperimental ZootechnicInstitute,Brescia,Italy
SupraneeChaiwatpongsakorn
NationwideChildren’sHospital,Columbus,OH, UnitedStates
SupriyaChakraborty
JawaharlalNehruUniversity,NewDelhi,India
Yu-ChanChao InstituteofMolecularBiology,AcademiaSinica,Taipei, Taiwan
TylerP.Chavers
CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta, GA,UnitedStates
KepingChen
JiangsuUniversity,Zhenjiang,China
XiaoruiChen GenomicsResearchCenter,AcademiaSinica,Taipei, Taiwan
YanpingChen
BeeResearchLaboratory,AgriculturalResearchService, USDepartmentofAgriculture,Beltsville,MD, UnitedStates
DaynaCheng
NationalChengKungUniversity,Tainan,Taiwan
QuentinChesnais UniversityofStrasbourg,Colmar,France
SotaroChiba NagoyaUniversity,Nagoya,Japan
WahChiu
StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,UnitedStates
DavidChmielewski StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,UnitedStates
IrmaE.Cisneros
TheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston,TX, UnitedStates
LarkL.Coffey
UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA,Unitedstates
AlannaB.Cohen
RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswick,NJ,UnitedStates
JeffreyI.Cohen
LaboratoryofInfectiousDiseases,NationalInstituteof AllergyandInfectiousDiseases,NationalInstitutesof Health,Bethesda,MD,UnitedStates
SethColeman
RiceUniversity,Houston,TX,UnitedStates
MiquelColl
InstituteforResearchinBiomedicine,Barcelona,Spain andInstituteforMolecularBiologyofBarcelona, Barcelona,Spain
JohnCollinge
UCLInstituteofPrionDiseases,London, UnitedKingdom
CarinaConceicao
ThePirbrightInstitute,Pirbright,UnitedKingdom
GabrielaN.Condezo
NationalCenterforBiotechnology,SpanishNational ResearchCouncil,Madrid,Spain
MichaelaJ.Conley
MRC-UniversityofGlasgowCentreforVirusResearch, Glasgow,UnitedKingdom
CharlesACoomer
UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UnitedKingdom
AnneK.Cordes
HannoverMedicalSchool,InstituteofVirology,Hannover, Germany
MauricioCortesJr.
DepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofArtsandSciences, FortWayne,IN,UnitedStates
RobertH.A.Coutts
UniversityofHertfordshire,Hatfield,UnitedKingdom
JeffA.Cowley
CSIROLivestockIndustries,Brisbane,QLD,Australia
RobertW.Cross
TheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,Galveston,TX, UnitedStates
HenrykCzosnek
TheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Rehovot,Israel
HåkonDahle
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofBergen, Bergen,Norway
JanetM.Daly UniversityofNottingham,SuttonBonington, UnitedKingdom
SubhaDas
OkayamaUniversity,Kurashiki,Japan
IndranilDasgupta UniversityofDelhi,NewDelhi,India
SibnarayanDatta
DefenceResearchLaboratory,DefenceResearchand DevelopmentOrganisation(DRDO),Tezpur,Assam, India
AmyDavis StJudeChildren’sResearchHospital,Memphis,TN, UnitedStates
WilliamO.Dawson CitrusResearchandEducationCenter,LakeAlfred,FL, UnitedStatesandUniversityofFlorida,LakeAlfred,FL, UnitedStates
ErikDeClercq
RegaInstituteforMedicalResearch,KULeuven, Leuven,Belgium
RaoulJ.deGroot UtrechtUniversity,Utrecht,TheNetherlands
JuanC.delaTorre TheScrippsResearchInstitute,LaJolla,CA, UnitedStates
MarceloDelasHeras UniversityofZaragoza,Zaragoza,Spain
JulianaGabrielaSilvadeLima FederalUniversityofRioGrandedoNorte,Natal,Brazil
AthosS.deOliveira UniversityofBrasília,Brasília,Brazil
NicoleT.deStefano UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL,UnitedStates GregDeakin NIAB-EMR,EastMalling,UnitedKingdom
PhilippeDelfosse UniversityofLuxembourg,Esch-sur-Alzette,Luxembourg
NatachaDelrez UniversityofLiège,Liège,Belgium
TatianaA.Demina MolecularandIntegrativeBiosciencesResearchProgram, FacultyofBiologicalandEnvironmentalSciences, UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland
IsmailDemir
DepartmentofBiology,KaradenizTechnicalUniversity, Trabzon,Turkey
ZihniDemirbağ DepartmentofBiology,KaradenizTechnicalUniversity, Trabzon,Turkey
X.Deng LoyolaUniversityofChicago,Maywood,IL, UnitedStates
CécileDesbiez PlantPathologyUnit,INRAE – FrenchNational ResearchInstituteforAgriculture,Foodand Environment,Montfavet,France
