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Blankenbaker | Davis THIRD EDITION Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention
Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention
Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Elsevier
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste. 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING: MUSCULOSKELETAL TRAUMA, THIRD EDITION Copyright © 2021 by Elsevier. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-323-79393-3
Inkling:
978-0-323-79395-7
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Previous edition copyrighted 2016.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2021932224
Printed in Canada by Friesens, Altona, Manitoba, Canada
Dedications This book is dedicated to all my family members, colleagues, and trainees. I have learned much from each of you.
DGB
To my father, W. McAlhany Davis, MD, who taught me morals, character, and dedication to one’s craft; my mother, Mary W. Davis, who always showed concern for others; and my beautiful wife, Jenni, who tolerated and supported me during this project despite the burdens added by a pandemic, and without whom I would be lost.
KWD
Contributing Authors Soterios Gyftopoulos, MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Radiology and Orthopedic Surgery
NYU Langone Health
New York, New York
MK Jesse, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
Assistant Professor of Orthopedics University of Colorado Hospital Aurora, Colorado
Kambiz Motamedi, MD, FACR
Professor of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles Medical Director of UCLA Beach Imaging and Interventional Center Los Angeles, California
Corrie M. Yablon, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology Fellowship Director, Musculoskeletal Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Additional Contributing Authors Carol L. Andrews, MD
Julia R. Crim, MD
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
Andrew Sonin, MD, FACR
Michael J. Tuite, MD
Adam C. Zoga, MD
Preface Welcome to the 3rd edition of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma. This edition includes substantial updates to information regarding the role of advanced imaging methods in the assessment of musculoskeletal disorders, building on the wonderful previous editions. We retain the same basic format of the prior editions, maintaining the eminently readable and searchable style and organization, which allows quick access to important imaging and clinical tips. This update improves on our understanding of the human musculoskeletal system and its injuries, as well as our ability to accurately diagnose those injuries.
Imaging techniques are continually changing, and ultrasound continues to gain broader implementation as an imaging tool in the musculoskeletal system. This edition includes expanded descriptions and images of musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI techniques in many of the chapters to stay up-to-date. We have expanded this edition with 8 new chapters, including those on intramedullary fixation devices, plate fixation, screw fixation, osteochondral injury of the elbow, postoperative imaging of hand fractures, Chopart joint injury, anterolateral impingement of the ankle, and nerve injury in the foot and ankle. The authors have included the latest information for all topics and added an extensive number of cases to all chapters and up-to-date references for further reading. The print version of this work includes all the critical text and imaging examples of all important entities. However, further clinical information, and, in many cases, numerous additional imaging examples, have been added to the electronic version, Expert Consult. Graphic diagrams of anatomy and injuries have been enhanced to demonstrate points more clearly, and graphics have been added to clarify complex topics. In addition, several chapters have been reworked to improve readability and match our evolving understanding of certain injuries. This edition includes a total of 6,517 images: 3,692 print and 2,825 digital, many of which are new to the current edition.
We are grateful to Drs. Gyftopoulos, Jesse, Motamedi, and Yablon for their willingness to update each chapter thoroughly and add new chapters from the prior edition. Their thoughtful approach and dedication to this edition have improved the final product immensely. Also, we thank the excellent editorial and illustration staff at Amirsys/Elsevier. This team has produced a comprehensive yet readable reference with fantastic imaging and graphic representations of the subject. It is our sincere hope that this newest edition will be well received and that the information will prove clinically beneficial. We hope that radiologists and musculoskeletal providers at all levels of expertise will find this a valuable tool in their practice.
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR
Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention
Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR
Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention
Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Acknowledgments LEAD EDITOR
Kathryn Watkins, BA
LEAD ILLUSTRATOR
Richard Coombs, MS
TEXT EDITORS
Arthur G. Gelsinger, MA
Rebecca L. Bluth, BA
Nina I. Bennett, BA
Terry W. Ferrell, MS
Megg Morin, BA
IMAGE EDITORS
Jeffrey J. Marmorstone, BS
Lisa A. M. Steadman, BS
ILLUSTRATIONS
Lane R. Bennion, MS
Laura C. Wissler, MA
ART DIRECTION AND DESIGN
Tom M. Olson, BA
PRODUCTION EDITORS
Emily C. Fassett, BA
John Pecorelli, BS
SECTION 1: Introduction
SECTION 2: Shoulder and Humerus
SECTION 3: Elbow
SECTION 4: Wrist and Hand
SECTION 5: Hip and Pelvis
SECTION 6: Knee
SECTION 7: Ankle and Foot
TABLEOFCONTENTS SECTION1:INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
4 IntroductiontoTraumaticInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD, FACR,andKirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
TRAUMATICINJURY,SPECIALTOPICS
6 FractureHealing
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCorrieM.Yablon,MD
12 PathologicFracture
MKJesse,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,andAndrew Sonin,MD,FACR
18 PhysealInjury(Salter-HarrisFracture)
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
24 ChildAbuse:Extremities
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD, FACR,andKirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
28 MuscleInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,KambizMotamedi,MD, FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
32 Hematoma
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
38 ForeignBody
AndrewSonin,MD,FACR,SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc, andKirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
44 IntramedullaryNail/Rod
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
48 PlateFixation
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
52 ScrewFixation
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
SECTION2:SHOULDERANDHUMERUS
INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
60 ShoulderandHumerusOverview
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
BONESANDJOINTS
66 SternoclavicularJointInjury
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
70 ClavicleFracture
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
72 AcromioclavicularJointInjury
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
76 PosttraumaticOsteolysis,DistalClavicle
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
78 ScapulaFracture
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
82 AnteriorGlenohumeralDislocation
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
86
PosteriorGlenohumeralDislocation
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
90 InferiorGlenohumeralDislocationandLuxatio
Erecta
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
92 GreaterTuberosityFracture
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
94 OsteochondralInjury,Shoulder
96
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
HumeralHead/NeckFracture
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
100 LittleLeaguer'sShoulder
102
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
TugLesion,Humerus
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
104 HumeralShaftFracture
106
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
OsAcromiale
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
MUSCLESANDTENDONS
SHOULDERGIRDLE
110 PectoralisInjury
114
118
120
126
130
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
DeltoidMuscleInjury
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
ProximalTricepsInjury
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
ROTATORCUFF
RotatorCuffImpingement
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
RotatorCuffTendinopathy
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
RotatorCuffPartial-ThicknessTear
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
TABLEOFCONTENTS 136 RotatorCuffFull-ThicknessTear
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,KirklandW.Davis,MD, FACR,andMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
142 RotatorIntervalTear
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
146 SubscapularisTear
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
150 RotatorCuffPostoperativeRepair
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
156 CalcificTendinopathy,RotatorCuff
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
PROXIMALBICEPSTENDON
160 BicepsTendinopathy,Shoulder
MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,and DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
164 BicepsTendonTear,Intraarticular
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
168 BicepsTendonDislocation
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
CAPSULEANDLABRUM
INSTABILITYANDLABRUM
172 NormalLabralVariants
MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,and DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
176 AdhesiveCapsulitis,Shoulder
MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
180 BankartLesion
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
184 ALPSALesion
MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
188 OtherBankartVariationLesions
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
192 GLAD/GARDLesion
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
194 HAGLLesion
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
196 InferiorGlenohumeralLigamentInjury
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
198 BennettLesion
MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,and SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
200 PosteriorLabralTear,Shoulder
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
204 ExtendedLabralTears
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
206 MultidirectionalInstability,Shoulder
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
208 LabrumandInstabilityLesions,Shoulder: PostoperativeImaging
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
SUPERIORLABRUM 212 SLAPTear
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
218 ExtendedSLAPTear
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
COMBINEDCUFFANDLABRALLESIONS
222 InternalImpingement,Shoulder
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc,MichaelJ.Tuite,MD,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
228 Microinstability,Shoulder
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
OTHER 230 SuprascapularandSpinoglenoidNotchCysts
SoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MScandMichaelJ.Tuite,MD
234 RotatorCuffDenervationSyndromes
MichaelJ.Tuite,MDandSoteriosGyftopoulos,MD,MSc
SECTION3:ELBOW INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
240 ElbowOverview
AndrewSonin,MD,FACRandKirklandW.Davis,MD, FACR
BONESANDJOINTS
244 DistalHumerusFracture
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
248 Transcondylar(Supracondylar)Fracture,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
252 LateralCondyleFracture,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
256 MedialCondyleFracture,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
260 CapitellumFracture
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
266 ElbowDislocation
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
272 MonteggiaInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
276 OsteochondralInjury,Elbow
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
280 RadialHead/NeckFracture
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
286 OlecranonFracture
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
292 CoronoidFracture
TABLEOFCONTENTS KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
296 ForearmFractures
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
LIGAMENTS 300 RadialCollateralLigamentInjury
AndrewSonin,MD,FACR
302 LateralUlnarCollateralLigamentInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
304 AnnularLigamentInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
306 UlnarCollateralLigamentInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
312 ValgusStressMechanism/LittleLeaguer'sElbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
TENDONS 318 BicepsTendonInjury,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
324 TricepsTendonInjury,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
330 CommonExtensorTendonInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,DonnaG.Blankenbaker, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
336 CommonFlexor-PronatorTendonInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
342 BrachialisInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
OTHER 344 IntraarticularBodies,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
350 SynovialFringe,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
352 PosteriorImpingement,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandJuliaR.Crim,MD
354 AnconeusEpitrochlearis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
356 OlecranonBursitis
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
360 BicipitoradialBursitis
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
362 UlnarNerveInjury,Elbow
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
368 MedianNerveInjury,Elbow
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
372 RadialNerveInjury,Elbow
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
SECTION4:WRISTANDHAND INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
380 WristandHandOverview
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
384 OssiclesandSesamoids,WristandHand
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
390 AcronymsandEponyms,WristandHand
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis,MD, FACR,andCarolL.Andrews,MD
BONESANDJOINTS
DISTALRADIUSANDULNA
394 JuvenileDistalForearmFractures
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
400 DistalRadiusFracture
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
406 Die-PunchFracture
CarolL.Andrews,MDandKambizMotamedi,MD,FACR
408 DistalRadiusFracture:PostoperativeImaging
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
412 UlnarStyloidFracture
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
414 Trauma-RelatedOsteolysis,PediatricWrist
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
418 DistalRadioulnarJointInstability
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
WRIST
422 ScaphoidFracture
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
428 ScaphoidFracture,PostoperativeImaging
CarolL.Andrews,MDandKambizMotamedi,MD,FACR
432 CarpalFractures,OtherthanScaphoid
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
438 CarpalDislocation
CarolL.Andrews,MDandKambizMotamedi,MD,FACR
444 CarpalImpactionSyndromes
CarolL.Andrews,MDandKambizMotamedi,MD,FACR
448 UlnarImpingementSyndrome
CarolL.Andrews,MDandKambizMotamedi,MD,FACR
HAND
450 MetacarpalFractureandDislocation
456
CarolL.Andrews,MDandKambizMotamedi,MD,FACR
FingerFractureandDislocation
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
TABLEOFCONTENTS 462 HandFractures,PostoperativeImaging
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACR
LIGAMENTS
WRIST
466 IntrinsicLigamentTear,Wrist
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis,MD, FACR,andCarolL.Andrews,MD
472 TriangularFibrocartilageComplexInjury
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACR,CarolL.Andrews,MD,and DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
478 CarpalInstability
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACR,CarolL.Andrews,MD,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
HAND
484 CollateralLigamentInjury,FingersandThumb
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACR,CarolL.Andrews,MD,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
TENDONS
490 FlexorTendonInjury,WristandHand
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
496 ExtensorTendonInjury,WristandHand
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
OTHER
502 Ganglion,Wrist
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACR,JuliaR.Crim,MD,and CarolL.Andrews,MD
506 VascularInjury,WristandHand
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
510 NerveEntrapmentSyndromes,Wrist
KambizMotamedi,MD,FACRandCarolL.Andrews,MD
SECTION5:HIPANDPELVIS
INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
518 HipandPelvisOverview
MKJesse,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
BONESANDJOINTS
HIPANDPROXIMALFEMUR
522 HipDislocation
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
526 FemoralHeadFracture
MKJesse,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,andJuliaR. Crim,MD
530 FemoralNeckFracture
MKJesse,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
536 TrochanterandIntertrochantericFracture
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
542 SubtrochantericandFemoralShaftFracture
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andAdamC.Zoga,MD
PELVIS 546 AcetabulumFractures
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
552 DisruptionsofPelvicRing
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
558 SacrumFractures,Traumatic
MKJesse,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
562 IsolatedPelvisInjuries,Traumatic
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
564 PelvisAvulsionFracture/Apophysitis
MKJesse,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
570 PelvisStressFractures
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andAndrewSonin,MD, FACR
POSTOPERATIVEIMAGING 576 Pelvis/Hip/FemurTrauma:PostoperativeImaging
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andDonnaG. Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
580 FAIandAdultDDH:PostoperativeImaging
MKJesse,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
LABRUMANDINTRAARTICULAR STRUCTURES
584 AcetabularLabralTear
MKJesse,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
590 AcetabularLabralInjury:PostoperativeImaging
MKJesse,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,and AdamC.Zoga,MD
592 FemoroacetabularImpingementMorphology
MKJesse,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,andB. J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
598 ChondralandOsteochondralAbnormalities,Hip
MKJesse,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andAdamC.Zoga,MD
602 LigamentumTeresInjury
MKJesse,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,and AdamC.Zoga,MD
MUSCLESANDTENDONS
604 HipAbductorandRotatorInjury
MKJesse,MD,AdamC.Zoga,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
610 HipFlexorInjury
MKJesse,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,andAdamC. Zoga,MD
616 HipAdductorInjury
MKJesse,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,andAdamC. Zoga,MD
620 SnappingHipSyndrome
MKJesse,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,and AdamC.Zoga,MD
624 IschiofemoralImpingement
MKJesse,MDandDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
TABLEOFCONTENTS 628 ProximalHamstringInjury
MKJesse,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,andAdamC. Zoga,MD
634 AbdominalMuscleInjury
MKJesse,MD,AdamC.Zoga,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
638 AthleticPubalgia
MKJesse,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,andAdamC. Zoga,MD
644 OsteitisPubis
MKJesse,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,andAdamC. Zoga,MD
650 TrueHernias
MKJesse,MD,AdamC.Zoga,MD,andKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
OTHER
652 Bursitis,HipandPelvis
MKJesse,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
658 PiriformisSyndromeandNerveInjuriesofPelvis
MKJesse,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
SECTION6:KNEE
INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
664 KneeOverview
AndrewSonin,MD,FACR,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD, FACR,andKirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
BONESANDJOINTS
670 DistalFemurFracture
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
676 TibialPlateauFracture
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
680 TibiofemoralDislocation
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
686 ProximalTibiofibularJointInjuryandProximal FibulaFracture
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
690 PatellaFracture
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
696 Avulsion,Knee
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD, FACR,andKirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
700 TibialandFibularShaftFractures
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandJuliaR.Crim,MD
704 StressInjury,Leg
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
710 ToddlerFracture
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD, FACR,andKirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
712 OsteochondralInjury,Knee
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandDonnaG.Blankenbaker, MD,FACR
718 CartilageInjury,Knee
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
724 SubchondralFracture,Knee
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
730 ArticularCartilage:PostoperativeImaging
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
LIGAMENTS 736 AnteriorCruciateLigamentInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
742 AnteriorCruciateLigament:PostoperativeImaging
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
748 PosteriorCruciateLigamentInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,DonnaG.Blankenbaker, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
754 MedialCollateralLigamentInjury,Knee
AndrewSonin,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
760 LateralCollateralLigamentComplexInjury,Knee
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
766 PosterolateralCornerInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
770 IliotibialBandFrictionSyndrome
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
MENISCI 774 MeniscusPitfallsandVariations
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
780 DiscoidMeniscus
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
784 MeniscusDegeneration
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
786 MeniscusRootInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
790 MeniscusHorizontalTear
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
794 MeniscusRadialTear
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
TABLEOFCONTENTS 796 MeniscusVerticalLongitudinalTear
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
802 MeniscusBucket-HandleTear
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
806 OtherDisplacedMeniscusTears
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
812 ComplexMeniscusTear
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
814 MeniscocapsularSeparation
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
816 PopliteomeniscalFascicles
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
818 ParameniscalCyst
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
822 IntrameniscalCyst
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
824 MeniscalOssicle
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
826 Menisci:PostoperativeImaging
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
TENDONS 832 QuadricepsInjury
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
838 PatellarTendonInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
844 TransientPatellaDislocation
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
850 PesAnserineBursitis
AndrewSonin,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
852 PosteromedialCornerInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
856 PlantarisTendonInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andAndrewSonin,MD,FACR
OTHER
860 PoplitealCyst
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
866 IntercondylarNotchCyst
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
870 PrepatellarandPretibialBursitis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
874 DeepInfrapatellarBursitis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
876 MedialPatellarPlicaSyndrome
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
880 PeronealNerveInjury
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandAndrewSonin, MD,FACR
884 CompartmentSyndromeandMuscleHernia
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,AndrewSonin,MD,FACR, andDonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
SECTION7:ANKLEANDFOOT INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
890 AnkleandFootOverview
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
894 AccessoryOssicles,AnkleandFoot
CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andDonnaG. Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
900 AccessoryMuscles,AnkleandFoot
JuliaR.Crim,MD
BONESANDJOINTS
904 PilonFracture
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
908 MalleolusFracture
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
914 AnkleDislocation
JuliaR.Crim,MDandCorrieM.Yablon,MD 918 OsteochondralInjury,Ankle
JuliaR.Crim,MD,CorrieM.Yablon,MD,andKirklandW. Davis,MD,FACR
924 TalusFracture,BodyandProcesses
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD 928 TalusFracture,NeckandHead
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
932 TalusDislocation
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
936 CalcaneusFracture,Intraarticular
CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW. Davis,MD,FACR
942 CalcaneusFracture,Extraarticular
JuliaR.Crim,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR, andCorrieM.Yablon,MD
946 NavicularFractureandDislocation
JuliaR.Crim,MDandCorrieM.Yablon,MD
952 CuboidFracture
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
956 LisfrancLigamentInjury
JuliaR.Crim,MD,CorrieM.Yablon,MD,andDonnaG. Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
960 LisfrancFracture-Dislocation
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
964 MetatarsalFracture
TABLEOFCONTENTS CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW. Davis,MD,FACR
968 ToeFractureandDislocation
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
972 StressFracture,AnkleandFoot
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD 976 Salter-HarrisFractures,Ankle
JuliaR.Crim,MD 980 FreibergInfraction
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
LIGAMENTS 982 SyndesmosisLigamentInjury,Ankle
CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW. Davis,MD,FACR
986 AnkleSprain
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD 990 DeltoidLigamentInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD 996 SpringLigamentInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1000ChopartJointInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MD
1004MTPLigamentInjury,Digit1
CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andDonnaG.
Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
1008MTPLigamentInjury,Digits2-5
JuliaR.Crim,MDandCorrieM.Yablon,MD
MUSCLESANDTENDONS
1012AchillesTendonInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andDonnaG. Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
1018FlexorHallucisLongusTendonInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1022PosteriorTibialTendonDysfunction
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD 1028FlexorRetinaculumAvulsion
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD 1032ExtensorTendonInjury,AnkleandFoot
CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andDonnaG. Blankenbaker,MD,FACR
1036PeronealTendonInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1042SuperiorPeronealRetinaculumAvulsion
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD 1046MuscleInjury,Foot
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1048PlantarFasciaInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MD
OTHER
1052AnteriorImpingement,Ankle
CorrieM.Yablon,MD
1054AnterolateralImpingement,Ankle
CorrieM.Yablon,MD
1058PosteriorImpingement,Ankle
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1062HaglundSyndrome
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1064SinusTarsiSyndrome
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1068AnkleandSubtalarInstability
CorrieM.Yablon,MD,JuliaR.Crim,MD,andKirklandW. Davis,MD,FACR
1074SeverDisease
JuliaR.Crim,MD
1076NerveInjury
CorrieM.Yablon,MD
1082TarsalTunnelSyndrome
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
POSTOPERATIVE 1086LateralLigamentReconstruction,Ankle
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1090TendonRepair,Ankle
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
1092Amputation,Foot/Ankle
CorrieM.Yablon,MDandJuliaR.Crim,MD
Blankenbaker | Davis 
