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Davis | Blankenbaker | Bernard THIRD EDITION Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Stephanie A. Bernard, MD Musculoskeletal Radiologist
Brooke Army Medical Center
Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Elsevier
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING: MUSCULOSKELETAL NON-TRAUMATIC DISEASE, THIRD EDITION
Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-323-83473-5
Inkling: 978-0-323-83475-9
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Previous edition copyrighted 2016.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022931352 Printed in Canada by Friesens, Altona, Manitoba, Canada
Dedications To my beautiful wife, Jenni. Thank you for all your love, support, and forbearance always, and especially during a lengthy book project during a global pandemic. I couldn’t do any of this without you.
KWD
I write this in loving memory of my father and dedicate this to my mother, Aunt Eunice, colleagues, and mentors who have encouraged me to work hard and follow my dreams.
DGB
To my family and mentors, who have made it possible for me to explore such a wonderful specialty: thank you for the years of love, support, and guidance.
SAB
Contributing Authors Behrang Amini, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
Nathan D. Cecava, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging
San Antonio Military Medical Center
Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
Nancy A. Chauvin, MD
Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
Penn State College of Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania
Derik L. Davis, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Musculoskeletal Radiology Section University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
Eva M. Escobedo, MD
Clinical Professor
Department of Radiology
UC Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California
Kara G. Gill, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology, Surgery, and Pediatrics
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Brady K. Huang, MD
Clinical Professor
Department of Radiology
Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging
UC San Diego Medical Center San Diego, California
Lauren M. Ladd, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Radiology
Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences
Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
Jonelle M. Petscavage-Thomas, MD, MPH
Professor of Radiology
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania
Eric Walker, MD, MHA, FACR, FACHE Professor of Radiology
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Radiology
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland
Kristopher Joseph de Ga, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Radiology
UC Davis Health Sacramento, California
Dylan A. Noblett, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Radiology
UC Davis Health Sacramento, California
Stephen Vong, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Radiology
UC Davis Health Sacramento, California
Additional Contributing Authors Julia R. Crim, MD
Chris Hanrahan, MD, PhD
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
Sandra Moore, MD
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
Preface Welcome to the third edition of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Non-Traumatic Disease
This book partners with the third edition of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma, published last year, to provide updated comprehensive information covering imaging of all human musculoskeletal conditions.
We have retained the standard Diagnostic Imaging format, with clear organization and text presented in easy-to-digest bullets. History and clinical presentation, which are essential elements in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions, are important portions of each chapter, as are alternative diagnostic considerations and brief reviews of differentiating features. Standard treatment options and diagnostic clues to remember round out the chapters. As always, the first page of each chapter is a Key Facts section that provides a quick overview of the most important points on the topic.
Our understanding of many musculoskeletal conditions continues to evolve. For instance, advances in genetics have refined classification and treatment of many musculoskeletal neoplasms as well as metabolic, systemic, and congenital conditions. Similarly, knowledge of nutritional aberrations and medication effects on the musculoskeletal system, advanced imaging and treatment of arthritis, and the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions with surgical implants continue to improve every year. As such, we chose to build on the excellent foundation provided by Dr. Manaster and her expert author team from the first two editions by recruiting a completely new team of experts in bone and soft tissue neoplasms, arthritis, marrow disease, metabolic bone disease, systemic disease affecting the musculoskeletal system, musculoskeletal infections, orthopedic implants, nutritional and medication effects on the musculoskeletal system, and congenital and developmental aberrations of the musculoskeletal system and skeletal dysplasias.
This new team combined extensive review of the current literature with their own expertise in these topics to provide a major revision to the textbook. The text in all chapters has been updated, with substantial changes in the vast majority. Over 2,000 new images have been added to this edition, providing copious up-to-date examples of important pathology and conditions, while retaining the best images from the second edition. Numerous new ultrasound images are included, along with examples of advanced MR techniques and PET/CT and PET/MR tools where appropriate.
We encourage the reader to utilize the digital-only portion of the textbook; many chapters hold additional text that may be helpful, such as additional clinical presentation information and classification systems. More importantly, there are additional imaging examples of the conditions that may help enhance and round out the reader’s understanding of the topic and its varied presentations.
Our team believes the two musculoskeletal Diagnostic Imaging texts provide comprehensive information radiologists and other musculoskeletal providers need to understand and diagnose musculoskeletal conditions, presented in a readable format not matched by other textbooks. We hope and expect this text to be interesting and valuable to your learning and practice and that you will enjoy reading it.
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR
Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention
Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR
Professor of Radiology
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention
Department of Radiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin
Stephanie A. Bernard, MD
Musculoskeletal Radiologist
Brooke Army Medical Center
Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Acknowledgments LEAD EDITOR
Kathryn Watkins, BA
LEAD ILLUSTRATOR
Lane R. Bennion, MS
TEXT EDITORS
Arthur G. Gelsinger, MA
Rebecca L. Bluth, BA
Nina Themann, BA
Terry W. Ferrell, MS
Megg Morin, BA
Shannon Kelly, MA
ILLUSTRATIONS
Richard Coombs, MS
Laura C. Wissler, MA
IMAGE EDITORS
Jeffrey J. Marmorstone, BS
Lisa A. M. Steadman, BS
ILLUSTRATION SUPPORT
Eric Walker, MD, MHA, FACR, FACHE
ART DIRECTION AND DESIGN
Cindy Lin, BFA
PRODUCTION EDITORS
Emily C. Fassett, BA
John Pecorelli, BS
SECTION 1: Arthritis
SECTION 2: Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions
SECTION 3: Soft Tissue Tumors
SECTION 4: Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities
SECTION 5: Dysplasias
SECTION 6: Systemic Diseases With Musculoskeletal Involvement
SECTION 7: Orthopedic Implants or Arthrodesis
SECTION 8: Infection
SECTION 9: Bone Marrow
SECTION 10: Metabolic Bone Disease
SECTION 11: Drug-Induced and Nutritional Musculoskeletal Conditions
TABLEOFCONTENTS SECTION1:ARTHRITIS
INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
4 IntroductiontoArthritis
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR EROSIVE
10
16
22
28
32
36
RheumatoidArthritisofAxialSkeleton
EvaM.Escobedo,MD,StephanieA.Bernard,MD,andB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
RheumatoidArthritisofShoulderandElbow
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
RheumatoidArthritisofWristandHand
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
RheumatoidArthritisofHip
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
RheumatoidArthritisofKnee
EvaM.Escobedo,MD,StephanieA.Bernard,MD,andB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
RheumatoidArthritisofAnkleandFoot
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
40 FeltySyndrome
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
42 JuvenileIdiopathicArthritis
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
48 AdultStillDisease
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
PRODUCTIVE 50
OsteoarthritisofAxialSkeleton
EvaM.Escobedo,MD,KristopherJosephdeGa,MD,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
54 DISH
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
60 OPLL
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
64 RapidlyProgressiveOsteoarthritis
DerikL.Davis,MD
66 OsteoarthritisofShoulderandElbow
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
70 OsteoarthritisofWristandHand
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
74 OsteoarthritisofHip
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
80 OsteoarthritisofKnee
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
MIXEDEROSIVEANDPRODUCTIVE
86 AnkylosingSpondylitis
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
92 InflammatoryBowelDiseaseArthritis
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
98 PsoriaticArthritis
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
104 ChronicReactiveArthritis
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
DUETOBIOCHEMICALDISORDERSOR DEPOSITIONALDISEASE
110 Gout
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
116 PyrophosphateArthropathy
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR, andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
122 HydroxyapatiteDepositionDisease
EvaM.Escobedo,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
128 AmyloidDeposition
EvaM.Escobedo,MD,DylanA.Noblett,MD,andB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
134 Hemochromatosis
EvaM.Escobedo,MD,StephenVong,MD,andB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
135 Ochronosis
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
136 WilsonDisease
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
137 Oxalosis
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
MISCELLANEOUSJOINTDISORDERS
138 TenosynovialGiantCellTumor,Intraarticular
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
144 IntraarticularChondroma
DerikL.Davis,MD,B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR,and EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE
148 MulticentricReticulohistiocytosis
DerikL.Davis,MD,StephanieA.Bernard,MD,andB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
149 SynovialVascularMalformation
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
150 SynovialChondromatosis
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
156 Neuropathic(Charcot)Arthropathy
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
162 HypertrophicOsteoarthropathy
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
TABLEOFCONTENTS 168 ComplexRegionalPainSyndrome
DerikL.Davis,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
SECTION2:BONETUMORSANDTUMORLIKECONDITIONS
INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
176 BoneTumors:Diagnosis,Staging,andBiopsy
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
184 StagingofPrimaryMalignantBoneTumors
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD
186 BoneTumors:TreatmentOptionsandFollow-Up
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
BONE-FORMINGTUMORS
192 Enostosis(BoneIsland)
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
196 Osteoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
202 OsteoidOsteoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
208 Osteoblastoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
214 ConventionalOsteosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
220 ParostealOsteosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
226 PeriostealOsteosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
230 TelangiectaticOsteosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
234 Low-GradeCentralOsteosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD
238 High-GradeSurfaceOsteosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
240 SecondaryOsteosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
CARTILAGE-FORMINGTUMORS 244 Enchondroma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
250 Osteochondroma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
256 MultipleHereditaryExostoses
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
262 Chondroblastoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD,StephanieA.Bernard,MD,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
266 ChondromyxoidFibroma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
270 PeriostealChondroma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
276 Chondrosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD
282 DedifferentiatedChondrosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
284 PeriostealChondrosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
286 ClearCellChondrosarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
MARROWTUMORS 288 Plasmacytoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD,B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR, andChrisHanrahan,MD,PhD
294 MultipleMyeloma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD
300 POEMS
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
302 EwingSarcoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
308 Leukemia:BoneChanges
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
312 LymphomaofBone
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
318 MetastasesofBoneMarrow
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
OTHERBONETUMORS 324 DesmoplasticFibroma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD,StephanieA.Bernard,MD,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
328 UndifferentiatedPleomorphicSarcomaofBone
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
332 FibrosarcomaofBone
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandEricWalker,MD,MHA, FACR,FACHE
334 LipomaofBone
TABLEOFCONTENTS BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
338 GiantCellTumorofBone
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
344 AneurysmalBoneCyst
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
350 Adamantinoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
354 HemangiomaofBone
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
360 EpithelioidHemangioma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD
362 EpithelioidHemangioendotheliomaofBone
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
364 AngiosarcomaofBone
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
368 Chordoma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
372 FibrousDysplasia
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
TUMOR-LIKECONDITIONS 378 PagetDisease
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
384 LangerhansCellHistiocytosis
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
390 OsteofibrousDysplasia
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
396 SimpleBoneCyst
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
402 NonossifyingFibroma
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
406 TrevorFairbankDisease
BehrangAmini,MD,PhD,B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR, andEricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE
RADIATION-INDUCEDABNORMALITIES
408 Radiation-InducedComplicationsofSkeleton
BehrangAmini,MD,PhDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
SECTION3:SOFTTISSUE
TUMORS INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
416 IntroductiontoSoftTissueTumors
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE
424 StagingofSoftTissueTumors
StephanieA.Bernard,MD
ADIPOCYTICTUMORS
BENIGNADIPOCYTICTUMORS
426 LipomaofSoftTissue
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,StephanieA. Bernard,MD,andCatherineC.Roberts,MD
432 Lipomatosis
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
438 LipomatosisofNerve
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
442 MacrodystrophiaLipomatosa
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
446 LipomaArborescens
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
450 Lipoblastoma/Lipoblastomatosis
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
452 Hibernoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
456 ParostealLipoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
INTERMEDIATEADIPOCYTICTUMORS
460 AtypicalLipomatousTumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
MALIGNANTADIPOCYTICTUMORS
464 MyxoidLiposarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
468 PleomorphicLiposarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
469 DedifferentiatedLiposarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
TABLEOFCONTENTS FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTICTUMORS
BENIGNFIBROUSTUMORS
470 NodularandProliferativeFasciitis
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
471 BizarreParostealOsteochondromatous Proliferation
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
472 Elastofibroma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,StephanieA. Bernard,MD,andCatherineC.Roberts,MD
476 FibrousHamartomaofInfancy
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
477 Myofibroma/Myofibromatosis
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
478 FibromatosisColli
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
479 JuvenileHyalineFibromatosis
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,BehrangAmini,MD, PhD,andLaurenM.Ladd,MD
480 FibromaofTendonSheath
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
484 DesmoplasticFibroblastoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
486 CalcifyingAponeuroticFibroma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andBehrangAmini,MD,PhD
488 MyositisOssificans/HeterotopicOssification
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
INTERMEDIATE(LOCALLYAGGRESSIVE) FIBROUSTUMORS
494 SuperficialFibromatoses
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,KirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR,andCatherineC.Roberts,MD
498 Desmoid-TypeFibromatosis
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,StephanieA. Bernard,MD,andCatherineC.Roberts,MD
INTERMEDIATE(RARELYMETASTASIZING) FIBROHISTIOCYTICTUMORS
504 SolitaryFibrousTumor
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
510 InflammatoryMyofibroblasticTumor
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,BehrangAmini,MD, PhD,andKaraG.Gill,MD
514 InfantileFibrosarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
MALIGNANTFIBROUSTUMORS
516 FibrosarcomaofSoftTissue
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
520 Myxofibrosarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
524 Low-GradeFibromyxoidSarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
526 SclerosingEpithelioidFibrosarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,StephanieA. Bernard,MD,andCatherineC.Roberts,MD
530 DermatofibrosarcomaProtuberans
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andStephanieA.Bernard,MD
SO-CALLEDFIBROHISTIOCYTICTUMORS
BENIGNFIBROHISTIOCYTICTUMORS
534 TenosynovialGiantCellTumor,Extraarticular
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,StephanieA. Bernard,MD,andCatherineC.Roberts,MD
540 DeepBenignFibrousHistiocytoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
SMOOTHMUSCLETUMORS
SMOOTHMUSCLETUMORS,BENIGN
542 Leiomyoma:SuperficialandDeep
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
SMOOTHMUSCLETUMORS,MALIGNANT
546 Leiomyosarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
PERICYTIC(PERIVASCULAR)TUMORS 552 GlomusTumor
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andStephanieA.Bernard,MD
556 Angioleiomyoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andStephanieA.Bernard,MD
SKELETALMUSCLETUMORS
SKELETALMUSCLETUMORS,BENIGN
558 Rhabdomyoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
TABLEOFCONTENTS SKELETALMUSCLETUMORS,MALIGNANT
560 Rhabdomyosarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
VASCULARANDLYMPHATICTUMORS
BENIGNVASCULARTUMORS
566 VascularMalformations
StephanieA.Bernard,MD 572 Hemangioma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD 576 Angiomatosis
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD 578 Klippel-TrenaunaySyndrome
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
582 LymphaticMalformations
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
INTERMEDIATE(RARELYMETASTASIZING) VASCULARTUMORS
586 KaposiSarcoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and BehrangAmini,MD,PhD
590 HemangioendotheliomaofSoftTissue
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
MALIGNANTVASCULARTUMORS
592 AngiosarcomaofSoftTissue
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
CHONDROOSSEOUSTUMORS
596 ChondromaofSoftTissue
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
598 ExtraskeletalMesenchymalChondrosarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHEandCatherineC. Roberts,MD
600 ExtraskeletalOsteosarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andStephanieA.Bernard,MD
TUMORSOFUNCERTAINDIFFERENTIATION
BENIGNTUMORSOFUNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION
604 PhosphaturicMesenchymalTumor
StephanieA.Bernard,MD
606 Myxoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD, FACR
INTERMEDIATETUMORS(RARELY METASTASIZING)OFUNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION
612 AngiomatoidFibrousHistiocytoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD
614 OssifyingFibromyxoidTumor
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and BehrangAmini,MD,PhD
MALIGNANTTUMORSOFUNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION
616 UndifferentiatedPleomorphicSarcoma
EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE,CatherineC. Roberts,MD,andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
620 SynovialSarcoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
626 EpithelioidSarcoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE
630 ClearCellSarcoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD
632 ExtraskeletalMyxoidChondrosarcoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
636 ExtraskeletalEwingSarcoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
PERIPHERALNERVESHEATHTUMORS
NONNEOPLASTIC
638 MortonNeuroma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and EricWalker,MD,MHA,FACR,FACHE
642 TraumaticNeuroma
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
NEUROFIBROMA
644 Neurofibroma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
SCHWANNOMA
650 Schwannoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
MALIGNANTPERIPHERALNERVESHEATH TUMOR
656 MalignantPeripheralNerveSheathTumor
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
SKINANDSUBCUTANEOUSLESIONS
660 Epidermoid/EpidermalInclusionCyst
StephanieA.Bernard,MD,CatherineC.Roberts,MD,and KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
662 RheumatoidNodule
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
TABLEOFCONTENTS 666 MetastasesofSoftTissue
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
670 Melanoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
SOFTTISSUETUMORMIMICS
676 SoftTissueTumorMimics:Infection/Inflammation
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
680 SoftTissueTumorMimics:Vascular
StephanieA.Bernard,MD
684 SoftTissueTumorMimics:CrystalDisease
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
688 SoftTissueTumorMimics:Other
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
694 Xanthoma
StephanieA.Bernard,MDandCatherineC.Roberts,MD
SECTION4:CONGENITALAND DEVELOPMENTALABNORMALITIES
GENERAL
700 Arthrogryposis
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
701 AmnioticBandSyndrome
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
702 CerebralPalsy
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandKaraG.Gill,MD
703 DownSyndrome(Trisomy21)
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 704 FibrodysplasiaOssificansProgressiva
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
705 MuscularDystrophy
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandKaraG.Gill,MD
706 Neurofibromatosis
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 712 OsteogenesisImperfecta
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
718 TurnerSyndrome
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
UPPEREXTREMITY
719 GlenoidHypoplasia
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
720 MadelungDeformity
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandKaraG.Gill,MD
724 UlnarVariance
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
LOWEREXTREMITY
728 DevelopmentalDysplasiaofHip
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
734 SlippedCapitalFemoralEpiphysis
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
740 ProximalFemoralFocalDeficiency
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandKaraG.Gill,MD
744 Osgood-SchlatterDisease
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandKaraG.Gill,MD
745 Sinding-Larsen-JohanssonDisease
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 746 BlountDisease
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 748 PesPlanus(Flatfoot)
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 754 Clubfoot(TalipesEquinovarus)
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 758 CongenitalVerticalTalus(Rocker-BottomFoot)
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandKaraG.Gill,MD 759 PesCavus
KaraG.Gill,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 760 TarsalCoalition
KaraG.Gill,MD,B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR,and StephanieA.Bernard,MD
SECTION5:DYSPLASIAS SKELETALDYSPLASIA SHORTLIMBLENGTH
768 IntroductiontoSkeletalDysplasias
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD 772 Achondroplasia
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 776 Pseudoachondroplasia
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD 777 Achondrogenesis
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 778 ThanatophoricDysplasia
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
780 AsphyxiatingThoracicDystrophyofJeune
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD
781 ChondroectodermalDysplasia(Ellis-vanCreveld)
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
782 SpondyloepiphysealDysplasia
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 786 MultipleEpiphysealDysplasia
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD
NORMALLIMBLENGTH
790 OllierDisease
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD 794 MaffucciSyndrome
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD 795 ChondrodysplasiaPunctata
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 796 CleidocranialDysplasia
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
797 CaffeyDisease
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
798 FongDisease(NailPatellaSyndrome)
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD
SCLEROSINGDYSPLASIAS 800 Melorheostosis
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD
804 ProgressiveDiaphysealDysplasia
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD
808 Osteopetrosis
TABLEOFCONTENTS CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD 814 Pycnodysostosis
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD 818 OsteitisCondensans
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 820 OsteitisPubis:NontraumaticOrigin
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandNancyA.Chauvin,MD 822 IntramedullaryOsteosclerosis
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA,NancyA.Chauvin,MD, andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
823 OtherSclerosingConditionsofBone
NancyA.Chauvin,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
SECTION6:SYSTEMICDISEASESWITH MUSCULOSKELETALINVOLVEMENT GENERAL
826 ComplicationsofParaplegia
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
830 Acroosteolysis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR 834 SickleCellAnemia
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR 840 Thalassemia
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
846 Myelofibrosis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR 850 Hemophilia
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
856 Diabetes
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
862 HIV/AIDS
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
868 SarcoidosisofBone
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandSandraMoore, MD
872 SarcoidosisofMuscle
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandSandraMoore, MD
874 SarcoidosisofJoint
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandSandraMoore, MD
875 SarcoidosisofSoftTissue
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandSandraMoore, MD
876 Mastocytosis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
878 TuberousSclerosis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
STORAGEDISORDERS
882 GaucherDisease
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
886 Mucopolysaccharidoses
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
888 Erdheim-ChesterDisease
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
890 OtherNon-LangerhansCellHistiocytoses
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
CONNECTIVETISSUEDISORDERS
891 EosinophilicFasciitis
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
892 InflammatoryMyopathy
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
898 SystemicLupusErythematosus
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
902 SystemicSclerosis
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
906 OverlapSyndrome/MixedConnectiveTissueDisease
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR
CONNECTIVETISSUEDISORDERSWITH ARACHNODACTYLY
907 Homocystinuria
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
908 MarfanandEhlers-DanlosSyndrome
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
SOFTTISSUEDISORDERS
910 DenervationHypertrophy
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
VASCULAR
912 EmbolicDisease
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandKirklandW.Davis, MD,FACR
913 Meningococcemia
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster,MD, PhD,FACR
TABLEOFCONTENTS SECTION7:ORTHOPEDICIMPLANTSOR ARTHRODESIS
ARTHROPLASTYANDARTHRODESIS
916 IntroductiontoArthroplasty
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 924 HipImplant
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
930 RevisionArthroplasty
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 934 KneeImplant
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
940 ShoulderImplant
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
944 ElbowImplant
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
946 AnkleImplant
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
948 AnkleArthrodesis
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandJuliaR. Crim,MD
950 SmallJointImplantsandArthrodesis:HandandToes
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
INTERNALFIXATION
956 HalluxValgusCorrections
JuliaR.Crim,MDandJonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD, MPH
958 IntramedullaryNail/Rod
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandJonelleM.PetscavageThomas,MD,MPH
962 PlateFixation
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandJonelleM.PetscavageThomas,MD,MPH
966 ScrewFixation
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandJonelleM.PetscavageThomas,MD,MPH
972 ExternalFixation
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandStephanie A.Bernard,MD
976 CementandBoneFillers
JonelleM.Petscavage-Thomas,MD,MPHandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
982 Wire/Cerclage/CableFixation
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandJonelleM.PetscavageThomas,MD,MPH
983 AnchoringDevices
CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBAandJonelleM.PetscavageThomas,MD,MPH
SECTION8:INFECTION OSTEOMYELITIS
986 AcuteOsteomyelitisofChild
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
990 AcuteOsteomyelitisofAdult
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 996 SpineInfection
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
1002ChronicOsteomyelitis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandStephanieA.Bernard,MD
SOFTTISSUEANDJOINTS 1006SepticArthritis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
1012InfectiousTenosynovitis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 1013InfectiousBursitis
LaurenM.Ladd,MD,DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACR, andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 1014SoftTissueInfection
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 1018NecrotizingFasciitis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
SPECIFICPATHOGENS 1020Tuberculosis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 1026FungalInfection
LaurenM.Ladd,MD 1028Brucellosis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 1029MaduraFoot
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 1030RockyMountainSpottedFever
B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACRandLaurenM.Ladd,MD 1031Leprosy
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 1032Syphilis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 1033Polio
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR 1034ParasiticInfection
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
CONDITIONSOFUNKNOWNETIOLOGY
1035SAPHO
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA 1036ChronicRecurrentMultifocalOsteomyelitis
LaurenM.Ladd,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
SECTION9:BONEMARROW DISTRIBUTIONPATTERN
1040MarrowDistribution:Normal
BradyK.Huang,MDandSandraMoore,MD 1044IncreasedorDecreasedMarrowCellularity
BradyK.Huang,MDandSandraMoore,MD
TABLEOFCONTENTS 1050DiffuseMarrowInfiltrationandReplacement
BradyK.Huang,MD,SandraMoore,MD,andB.J. Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
1056FocalMarrowInfiltrationandReplacement
BradyK.Huang,MDandSandraMoore,MD
BONEMARROWEDEMA
1060TransientBoneMarrowEdemaandRegional MigratoryOsteoporosis
BradyK.Huang,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
OSTEONECROSIS
1062IntroductiontoOsteonecrosis
BradyK.Huang,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
1066BoneInfarct
BradyK.Huang,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
1070OsteonecrosisofHip
BradyK.Huang,MD,CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
1076OsteonecrosisofShoulder
BradyK.Huang,MDandCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
1080OsteonecrosisofKnee
BradyK.Huang,MD
1084OsteonecrosisofWrist
BradyK.Huang,MD,StephanieA.Bernard,MD,and CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
1088OsteonecrosisofAnkleandFoot
BradyK.Huang,MD,CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA,and B.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
1092Legg-Calvé-PerthesDisease
BradyK.Huang,MDandB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
SECTION10:METABOLICBONEDISEASE
INTRODUCTIONANDOVERVIEW
1100IntroductiontoMetabolicBoneDisease
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
DISEASESOFCALCIUMHOMEOSTASIS
1106Hyperparathyroidism
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
1112RicketsandOsteomalacia
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
1116RenalOsteodystrophy
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
1122Dialysis-RelatedDisease,MetastaticCalcification
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
1123Dialysis-RelatedDisease,Spondyloarthropathy
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACR,BehrangAmini,MD,PhD, andCherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA
1124Hypoparathyroidism,Pseudo-and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
OSTEOPOROSIS
1126PrimaryOsteoporosis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
1130DisuseOsteoporosis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
1131IdiopathicJuvenileOsteoporosis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
1132Anorexia
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandB.J.Manaster, MD,PhD,FACR
1133Osteoporosis:OtherCauses
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
PITUITARYDISORDERS
1134PituitaryDisorders:Acromegaly,Gigantism,and GrowthHormoneDeficiency
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
THYROIDDISEASE
1136HypothyroidismandCretinism
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
1138Hyperthyroidism
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
1139ThyroidAcropachy
KirklandW.Davis,MD,FACRandCherylA.Petersilge, MD,MBA
MISCELLANEOUSMETABOLICCONDITIONS
1140Hypophosphatasia
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
1142CushingSyndrome
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
1143Tumoral(Idiopathic)Calcinosis
DonnaG.Blankenbaker,MD,FACRandCherylA. Petersilge,MD,MBA
SECTION11:DRUG-INDUCEDAND NUTRITIONALMUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS
DRUG-INDUCEDEMBRYOPATHY
1146Medications
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1148Alcohol
NathanD.Cecava,MD
TABLEOFCONTENTS DRUG-INDUCEDCONDITIONS
1149Corticosteroids
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1150Bisphosphonates
NathanD.Cecava,MD,CherylA.Petersilge,MD,MBA, andB.J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
1151AntiepilepticDrugs
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1152Prostaglandins
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1153HypervitaminosisAandRetinoids
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1154VitaminD
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1155Voriconazole
NathanD.Cecava,MDandStephanieA.Bernard,MD
1156Fluoroquinolones
NathanD.Cecava,MD,StephanieA.Bernard,MD,andB. J.Manaster,MD,PhD,FACR
1157Statins
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1158MetalsandMinerals
NathanD.Cecava,MD
1160AlcoholandRecreationalDrugs
NathanD.Cecava,MD
NUTRITIONALDEFICIENCY
1161Scurvy
NathanD.Cecava,MDandStephanieA.Bernard,MD
Davis | Blankenbaker | Bernard 
