Assisted reproduction techniques
Challenges and management options
Second Edition
Edited by
Khaldoun Sharif MBBCh (Hons), MD, MFFP, FRCOG, FACOG
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Clinical Director
Fertility Center
Jordan Hospital
Amman, Jordan
Arri Coomarasamy MBChB, MD, FRCOG, FMedSci
Professor of Gynaecology
Director, Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research
Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research
University of Birmingham;
Consultant Gynaecologist and Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine
CARE Fertility Birmingham and Birmingham Women’s Hospital Birmingham, UK
This edition first published 2021 © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition History
1e (2012 by Blackwell Publishing)
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for
HB ISBN: 9781119622109
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © xia yuan/Getty Images
Set in 9.5/12.5pt StixTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India
To my mother, my father, and Zena (KS)
To Amma, Appa, Abdea, Tara, and Leela (AC)
Contents
Contributors xiii
Preface to the second edition xxviii
Preface to the first edition xxix
How to use this book xxx
Abbreviations xxxi
Section 1: Counseling and preparation 1
1 Risk of cancer from ovarian stimulation 3
Yadava Jeve
2 Risk of early menopause following IVF treatment 9
Sesh Kamal Sunkara
3 The HIV-positive female 12
Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky
4 The HIV-positive male 19
Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky
5 The hepatitis B or C carrier patient 26
Justin Chu
6 The patient with cystic fibrosis 32
Tarek El‐Toukhy
7 The patient on medication 37
Pedro Melo and Arri Coomarasamy
8 The patient with thrombophilia 48
Yorain Sri Ranjan and Ying C. Cheong
9 The patient with autoimmune disorders 56
Giulia Mariani and José Bellver
10 The patient with malignant disease: fertility preservation 61
Arri Coomarasamy and Manal Elgendy
11 The patient with heart disease 69
Anna S. Herrey and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
12 The patient with diabetes 75
Mohammed A. Khan, Neelam Potdar, and Justin C. Konje
13 The patient with thyroid disease 81
Shiao-yng Chan
14
The patient with hyperprolactinemia 89
John Ayuk
15 The patient with polycystic ovaries 96
Adam H. Balen
16 The renal transplant patient 103
Justin Chu and Lynne Robinson
17 The patient with previous pelvic irradiation 110
18
Vishvanath C. Karande
Female fertility after chemotherapy 116
Nivedita Reddy
19 The patient with abnormal cervical cytology 123
Martyn Underwood and William Rhys Parry-Smith
20 The patient with previous borderline ovarian tumor 127
Arri Coomarasamy, Kavita Singh, and Jennifer Tamblyn
21 The patient with an endometrioma 132
Spyros Chouliaras and Luciano G. Nardo
22 The patient with cervical stenosis 137
Khaldoun Sharif
23 Vaccination and ART 142
Arri Coomarasamy and Rima Dhillon-Smith
24 The patient with hydrosalpinx 147
Annika Strandell
25 The patient with hydrosalpinx and contraindication to laparoscopy 153
Basim Abu-Rafea
26 The patient with reduced ovarian reserve 159
Scott M. Nelson
27 The patient with congenital uterine anomalies 166
Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe
28 The patient with congenital cervico-vaginal anomalies 171
Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe
29 The patient with uterine fibroids 176
Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda
30 The patient with adenomyosis 182
Andreas Athanasakis and Arri Coomarasamy
31 The patient with previous Essure® sterilization 187
T. Justin Clark
32 The patient with previous endometrial ablation 192
T. Justin Clark
33 The couple with recurrent implantation failure 200
Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf
34 The patient with previous uterine artery embolization 207
Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda
35 The patient with endometrial polyp 212
Arri Coomarasamy and Laurentiu Craciunas
36 The obese female patient 217
Mostafa Metwally and Bolarinde Ola
37 The patient with Asherman syndrome 223
Alessandro Conforti, Giuseppe Iorio, and Carlo Alviggi
38 The older patient 228
Giselle Crawford and William Ledger
39 Requests for mild or natural cycle IVF treatment 234
Brad B. Swelstad and Suheil J. Muasher
40 The patient with psychosexual problems 239
Penny Goold and Elizabeth Howland
41 The patient needing third-party reproduction 246
Imad Aboujaoude and Teddy Tadros
42 Social oocyte freezing 252
43
Valerie L. Peddie and Smriti Ray Chaudhuri Bhatta
The male and female patients following bariatric surgery 258
Zaher Merhi and Ali Ahmed Bazzi
44 Endometrial receptivity testing 265
Laurentiu Craciunas and Arri Coomarasamy
Section 2: Pituitary suppression and ovarian stimulation phase 271
45 Poor response during ovarian stimulation 273
46
Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy
Ovarian stimulation for IVF in a patient at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 279
Khaldoun Sharif and Ahmed G. Serour
47 Unable to achieve pituitary down-regulation 284
K. Jayaprakasan and Nicholas Raine-Fenning
48 The patient discovered pregnant during pituitary down-regulation 291
Mohammed Khairy Mahmoud and Arri Coomarasamy
49 Ovarian cysts following pituitary down-regulation 296
Alison Taylor
50 Missed IVF medications 302
Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy
51 The ART patient with a history of estrogen-receptor positive cancer 309
Murat Sönmezer and Volkan Turan
52 The patient over-responding to controlled ovarian stimulation during IVF 315
Khaldoun Sharif
Section 3: Oocyte retrieval 323
53 General anesthesia or sedation for oocyte retrieval? 325
Claire Scanlon and David Green
54 Delayed oocyte retrieval 331
Khaldoun Sharif
55 Empty follicle syndrome 337
Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar
56 Bleeding following oocyte retrieval 344
Annika K. Ludwig and Barbara Sonntag
57 To flush or not to flush follicles at oocyte retrieval 351
Anne E. Martini and Micah J. Hill
58 Inaccessible ovaries at oocyte retrieval 358
Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar
59 Endometriotic cysts at oocyte retrieval 363
Graciela Kohls Ilgner and Juan Antonio García-Velasco
60 Inadvertent injury during oocyte retrieval 369
Khaldoun Sharif
61 Dealing with equipment failure during oocyte retrieval 377
Isla Robertson and Ying C. Cheong
Section 4: Embryo transfer 381
62 How many embryos to transfer? 383
Ellen Armstrong and Arri Coomarasamy
63 Poor endometrial development in ART 390
Jyotsna Pundir and Arri Coomarasamy
64 Endometrial cavity fluid identified during IVF treatment 400
Arri Coomarasamy and Yealin Chung
65 Difficult embryo transfer 404
66
Khaldoun Sharif
Excess cervical mucus and retained embryos at embryo transfer 413
Hassan N. Sallam, Ahmed F. Galal, and Fady S. Moeity
67 Life after embryo transfer 419
Kelton Tremellen
Section 5: The luteal phase 427
68 Vaginal bleeding in the luteal phase after IVF 429
Carol Coughlan and Bolarinde Ola
69 Pelvic infection after IVF 435
Muhammad Faisal Aslam and Ali Ahmad Bazzi
70 The patient presenting with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 440
Khaldoun Sharif and Dania Al‐Ramahi
71 Adnexal torsion after IVF 447
Jenna Turocy and Beth W. Rackow
72 Exposure to infection in the luteal phase of IVF 453
Pedro Melo and Arri Coomarasamy
Section 6: The ART laboratory 465
73 Total failure of fertilization after conventional IVF – rescue ICSI 467
A. Albert Yuzpe
74 Couples not wishing to create surplus embryos in IVF 473
Hossam Mohamed
75 Routine preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy 478
Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf
76 Choosing an embryo for transfer 484
Peter Kovacs and Szabolcs Matyas
77 Globozoospermia 492
Odai A. M. Alqawasmeh and Christopher L. R. Barratt
78 Total failure of fertilization after ICSI 498
Kaoru Yanagida
79 Refreezing of embryos 503
Jerome H. Check and Donna Summers
80 Infection in embryo culture medium 509
Alison Campbell and Louise Best
81 ICSI or IVF for nonmale-factor infertility? 515
Samuel Dobson and Bolarinde Ola
82 Cryostorage failure in ART 522
Christopher P. Moutos, Angela H. Liu, and John Y. Phelps
83 The ART program during a disaster 527
Richard P. Dickey and Carla Ball White
84 Using the wrong sperm or embryos in IVF 533
Khaldoun Sharif and Majd M. Ezal‐Deen
Section 7: The male patient 539
85 Unexpected inability to produce a semen sample on the day of oocyte retrieval 541
Khaldoun Sharif, Majd M. Ezal‐Deen, and Gyath Karadsheh
86 The azoospermic patient 545
Khaldoun Sharif and Ali Al-Rawahneh
87 ART in men with Klinefelter syndrome 553
Medhat Amer and Emad Fakhry
88 ART in men with 100% immotile sperm 559
Jose Vázquez Núñez, Juan José Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, Patricia Hernández
Delgado, Ayrton Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, and Neuda Marques de Oliveira
89 Request for posthumous fatherhood with perimortem surgical sperm retrieval 565
Mahmoud Mima, Samuel J. Ohlander, Rodrigo L. Pagani, Heather E. Ross, and Lawrence S. Ross
90 Retrograde ejaculation and anejaculation 575
Hussain M. Alnajjar and Asif Muneer
91 Sperm retrieval in cancerous testes 580
Wael Almajed, Saad Aldousari, and Armand Zini
92 Leukocytospermia and ART 584
Giuseppe Ricci
93 The infertile male patient with a genetic cause 589
Marlon P. Martinez and Ashok Agarwal
94 Y chromosome microdeletions and ART 598
Sherman J. Silber and Sierra Goldsmith
95 DNA fragmentation, antioxidants and ART 606
Sarah J. Martins da Silva
Section 8: The ART pregnancy 613
96 Unexpected number or sex of babies after IVF 615
97
98
Majd M. Ezal-Deen, Mohamad Bani-Domi, and Omar Sharif
Suspected ectopic pregnancy after IVF 620
Vishvanath C. Karande, Liselotte Mettler,, and Ibrahim Alkatout
Cervical ectopic pregnancy after IVF 626
Usha Verma and Sabrina Pastor-Carvajal
99 Heterotopic pregnancy after IVF 632
Abdel‐Maguid Ramzy
100 Multifetal pregnancy reduction after IVF 638
Omar Taso and Maher Maaita
101 Multiple pregnancy after IVF: how to reduce preterm delivery 644
Shawqi Saleh and Maysa Khadra
102 Hyperreactio luteinalis after IVF 650
Muataz Al-Ramahi and Omar Sharif
103 Lactation by a commissioning mother in surrogacy 654
Pavithra Rao and Frank P. Biervliet
104 Children of ART 658
Defne Saatci and Alastair G. Sutcliffe
Section 9: General and organizational issues 665
105 Managing physical symptoms during IVF 667
Chiara Achilli and Jyotsna Pundir
106 IVF when the prognosis is very poor or futile 673
107
Khaldoun Sharif
Dealing with the emotional distress following failed IVF 678
Sarah R. Holley, Lauri A. Pasch, and Alice D. Domar
108 Couple splitting while embryos are in storage 684
Masoud Afnan
109 Unexpected drop in the IVF clinic pregnancy rate 690
Bulent Urman and Kayhan Yakin
110 Natural fertility after IVF 696
Frank Nawroth and Annika K. Ludwig
111 Training in ART 699
Ryan J. Heitmann
112 Keeping up to date in ART practice 706
Bassel H. Al-Wattar and Khalid S. Khan
113 Cross-border reproductive care 714
Mahmoud Salama, Lynn M. Westphal, Marcia C. Inhorn, and Pasquale Patrizio
114 Satellite and transport ART treatment 720
M. F. González Echeverría and J. A. Blaquier
115 Social media use in ART 725
Natalie M. Crawford, Roohi Jeelani, Lora K. Shahine, and Kenan Omurtag
116 Managing an ART unit as a profitable business 733
Michael H. Fakih, Ahmad Fakih, and Amanda Fakih
Contributors
Imad Aboujaoude MD, AIHP (Paris)
Director of the Center of Reproductive
Medicine and Genetics
Chief, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Medical Director
Aboujaoude Hospital
Beirut Lebanon
Basim Abu-Rafea MD
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Western University
London, Ontario Canada
Chiara Achilli MD
Consultant in Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine
Hewitt Fertility Centre
Liverpool Women’s Hospital
Liverpool UK
Masoud Afnan MB, BS, FRCOG
Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Qingdao United Family Hospital
Qingdao
People’s Republic of China
Ashok Agarwal PhD, HCLD
Professor in Surgery (Urology)
Lerner College of Medicine and Case Western Reserve University
Director, American Center for Reproductive Medicine
Department of Urology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
USA
Muataz Al-Ramahi MD, MSc
Director of Noor Fertility and Assisted Reproduction Unit
Eye Specialty Hospital Amman
Jordan
Dania Al-Ramahi Faculty of Medicine
The University of Jordan Amman
Jordan
Ali Al-Rawahneh MD Urology Resident
Department of Urology
Royal Medical Services Amman
Jordan
Contributors
Bassel H. Al-Wattar MD, PGD, MRCOG, PhD
NIHR Academic Clinical Lecturer in Women’s
Health
The University of Warwick; Subspecialty Trainee in Reproductive Medicine
University College London Hospital
London UK
Saad Aldousari MBBCh, FRCSC, FACS
Assistant Professor of Urology
Department of Surgery
Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine
Kuwait City
Kuwait
Ibrahim Alkatout MD, PhD, MA, MaHM
Senior Consultant in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Kiel School of Gynaecological Endoscopy
University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein
Campus Kiel
Kiel
Germany
Wael Almajed MBBS
Urology Resident
McGill University
Montreal
Canada
Hussain M. Alnajjar BSc (MedSci), MBBS, MRCS, ChM (Urol), FEBU, FRCS (Urol)
Consultant Urological Surgeon and Andrologist
Institute of Andrology
Department of Urology
University College London Hospital
London UK
Odai Alqawasmeh PhD
Embryologist
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Faculty of Medicine
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Carlo Alviggi MD, PhD Professor
Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology
University of Naples Federico II
Naples
Italy
Medhat Amer MD
Chairman of Adam International Hospital Professor of Andrology
Cairo University
Cairo
Egypt
Ellen Armstrong BSc Laboratory Manager
Embryology
CARE Fertility
Birmingham UK
Muhammad Faisal Aslam MD, FACOG, FRCOG
Clinical Associate Professor
Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ascension St. John/Michigan State University
Detroit, Michigan
USA
Andreas Athanasakis MD Clinical Fellow
Bristol Centre for Reproductive Medicine
Bristol
UK
John Ayuk MD, FRCP
Consultant Endocrinologist
University Hospitals Birmingham
Birmingham UK
Adam H. Balen MBBS, MD, DSc, FRCOG
Professor of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Leeds Fertility
Leeds
UK
Mohamad Bani-Domi BSc
Senior Embryologist
Fertility Center
Jordan Hospital
Amman
Jordan
Christopher L.R. Barratt PhD
Professor, Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Maternal and Child Health Sciences
Laboratories
Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine
University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital Dundee UK
Ali Ahmad Bazzi BS, MD
Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan
USA
José Bellver MD, PhD Gynecologist at IVI-RMA; Associate Professor at Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Valencia School of Medicine
University of Valencia; Researcher at IVI Foundation
Health Research Institute La Fe Valencia
Spain
Louise Best BSc (hons), MSc
Group Embryology Support and Improvement
Lead
CARE Fertility Nottingham UK
Smriti Ray Chaudhuri Bhatta MD, MRCOG
Senior Clinician
Aberdeen Centre for Reproductive Medicine
Institute of Applied Health Sciences
School of Medicine
University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen Maternity Hospital
Aberdeen UK
Frank P. Biervliet MRCOG Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Hull University Teaching Hospitals
Hull
UK
Jorge Alberto Blaquier MD Medical Director
Centro Médico FERTILAB Buenosa Aires
Argentina
Alison Campbell PhD, M Med Sci, BSC (hons), Dip. RCPath
Group Director of Embryology
CARE Fertility
Nottingham UK
Shiao-yng Chan MBBChir, PhD, FRCOG
Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
National University of Singapore
Singapore
Jerome H. Check MD, PhD Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Division Head of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Camden, New Jersey
USA
Ying C. Cheong MBCHB, BAO, MA, MD, FRCOG Professor of Reproductive Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University of Southampton
Southampton
UK
Contributors
Spyros Chouliaras MD, FRCOG
Attending Physician
Department of Reproductive Medicine
Sidra Medicine;
Assistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
Weill Cornell Medicine
Doha Qatar
Justin Chu PhD, MRCOG
Subspecialist Trainee in Reproductive Medicine
Honorary Academic Clinical Lecturer
University of Birmingham
Birmingham Women’s Hospital Birmingham UK
Yealin Chung MBBS, BSc, MRCOG
Clinical Research Fellow in Reproductive Medicine
Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research
University of Birmingham Birmingham
UK
T. Justin Clark MB ChB, MD (Hons), FRCOG
Consultant Gynaecologist and Honorary Professor of Gynaecology
Birmingham Women’s Hospital and the University of Birmingham Birmingham
UK
Alessandro Conforti PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology
University of Naples Federico II
Naples
Italy
Arri Coomarasamy MBChB, MD, FRCOG, FMedSci
Professor of Gynaecology
Director, Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research
Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health
University of Birmingham; Consultant Gynaecologist and Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine
CARE Fertility Birmingham and Birmingham
Women’s Hospital
Birmingham
UK
Carol Coughlan MD, FRCOG, FRCPI
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
IVI Middle East Fertility and Gynaecology Clinic
Dubai
UAE
Laurentiu Craciunas MSc, MRCOG Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Birmingham Women’s Hospital and University of Birmingham Birmingham
UK
Giselle Crawford Med (Hons), MRMed, FRANZCOG
Fellow in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
The Fertility and Research Centre Royal Hospital for Women
Sydney
Australia
Natalie M. Crawford MD, MSCR, FACOG Director of Patient Experience and Education
Fora Fertility; Clinical Assistant Professor of Women’s Health
University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School
Austin, Texas USA
Sarah J. Martins da Silva MRCOG
Consultant Gynaecologist and Honorary
Senior Lecturer
Medical Research Institute
Ninewells Hospital and Medical School
Dundee UK
Neuda Marques de Oliveira MD, MSc
Medical Director
IRMO S.L.
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Spain
Patricia Hernández Delgado MSc
Embryologist
IRMO S.L.
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Spain
Rima Dhillon-Smith PhD, MRCOG, MBChB
Academic Clinical Lecturer in Reproductive Medicine
Birmingham Women’s Hospital and University of Birmingham Birmingham
UK
Richard Palmer Dickey PhD
Medical Director
Fertility Institute of New Orleans
Clinical Professor Emeritus in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Louisiana State University School of Medicine
New Orleans
New Orleans, Louisiana
USA
Samuel Dobson BM BS, BMedSci (Hons), MRCOG
Subspecialty Trainee in Reproductive
Medicine and Surgery
Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Sheffield UK
Shelley Dolitsky MD
Housestaff
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
New Brunswick, New Jersey
USA
Alice D. Domar PhD
Executive Director, Domar Centers for Mind/ Body Health;
Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
Boston IVF
Harvard Medical School
Waltham, Massachusetts USA
María Fernanda González Echeverría
Assisted Reproduction Laboratory Director Centro Médico FERTILAB
Buenos Aires
Argentina
Tarek El-Toukhy MBBCh, MSc, MD, MRCOG
Consultant in Reproductive Medicine
Assisted Conception Unit
Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital London UK
Manal Elgendy MBBCh, MD
Specialty Doctor in Assisted Reproduction
Birmingham Women’s Fertility Centre
Birmingham Women’s Hospital Birmingham
UK
Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar MD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Benha University Hospital
Benha
Egypt
Majd M. Ezal-Deen BSc
Director of Embryology Laboratory
Fertility Center
Jordan Hospital
Amman
Jordan
Contributors
Emad Fakhry MD
IVF Lab Director
Adam International Hospital
Cairo
Egypt
Ahmad Fakih MD, MSc
Consultant Reproductive Medicine and Infertility
Fakih IVF
Dubai UAE
Amanda Fakih MHSA
Interim Chief Administrative Officer
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
UCLA Health
Los Angeles, California
USA
Michael H. Fakih MD
Consultant Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Medical Director
Fakih IVF; CEO
Emirates Healthcare Group
Dubai
UAE
Ahmed F. Galal MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Alexandria
Alexandria
Egypt
Juan A. García-Velasco MD, PHD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Department of Human Reproduction
Rey Juan Carlos University; Director, IVI Madrid
Madrid Spain
Sierra Goldsmith BSc
Research Scientist Coordinator
Infertility Center of St. Louis
St. Luke’s Hospital
St. Louis, Missouri USA
Penny Goold MBBS, FRCP, Membership of Institute of Psychosexual Medicine
Consultant Sexual Health and HIV
Clinical Lead for Psychosexual Service
University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham UK
David Green MB, ChB, FRCA, MBA Consultant Anaesthetist
Priory Hospital Birmingham UK
Haitham Hamoda MD, FRCOG Consultant Gynaecologist, Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
King’s College Hospital London UK
Ryan J. Heitmann DO Director, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Residency Program
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Madigan Army Medical Center
Tacoma, Washington USA
Anna S. Herrey MD, PhD, FRCP Consultant Cardiologist
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital London UK
Micah J. Hill DO, FACOG Director, REI Fellowship, National Institutes of Health
Director, Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Professor
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, Maryland
USA
Sarah R. Holley PhD Associate Professor Psychology Department San Francisco State University San Francisco, California USA
Elizabeth Howland MBBS, FRCOG
Deputy Chief Medical Officer
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham UK
Graciela Kohls Ilgner MD Gynecologist IVI Madrid Madrid Spain
Marcia C. Inhorn PhD, MPH Professor of Anthropology Yale University New Haven, Connecticut USA
Giuseppe Iorio Obstetrics and Gynaecology Trainee Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology
University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
Kannamannadiar Jayaprakasan MBBS MRCOG, PhD
Associate Professor and Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
School of Clinical Sciences
Queen’s Medical Centre
University of Nottingham Nottingham
UK
Roohi Jeelani, MD, FACOG Director of Research and Education
Vios Fertility Institute; Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan USA
Yadava Jeve MSc, MRCOG. MBA, PhD
Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Deputy Clinical Director for Gynaecology and Theatres
Birmingham Women’s Hospital Birmingham UK
Gyath Karadsheh BSc Embryologist Fertility Center
Jordan Hospital Amman
Jordan
Vishvanath C. Karande MD, FACOG Medical Director IVF Program
InVia Fertility Specialists
Hoffman Estates, Illinois USA
Maysa Khadra MD MMed(RHHG)
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
The University of Jordan Amman
Jordan
Contributors xx
Yakoub Khalaf MD, FRCOG
Professor of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Assisted Conception Unit
Guy’s Hospital
London
UK
Mohammad A. Khan FRCOG
Senior Attending Physician
Sidra Medicine;
Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar
Doha
Qatar
Khalid Saeed Khan MBBS, FCPS, MSc, MRCOG, MMEd, FHEA, FRCOG
Professor
Distinguished Investigator
Beatriz Galindo Programme
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
University of Granada
Granada
Spain
Justin C Konje MD, MBA, FMCOG (Nig), FWACS, FRCOG
Senior Attending Physician
Sidra Medicine;
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar
Doha
Qatar
Peter Kovacs MD, PhD
Medical Director
IVF Center
Kaali Institute
Budapest
Hungary
Pallavi Latthe MD, FRCOG
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Birmingham Women’s Hospital
Birmingham
UK
William Ledger MA, DPhil (Oxon), MB, ChB, FRCOG, FRANZCOG, CREI
Professor and Head of Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
School of Women’s and Children’s Health
University of New South Wales
Sydney
Australia
Angela H. Liu
Resident Physician
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Nevada Las Vegas
Las Vegas, Nevada
USA
Annika Kristin Ludwig Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Praxis für Frauengesundheit and Pränatalmedizin
Hamburg Germany
Maher Maaita MBBS, FRCOG
Subspecialist in Feto-Maternal Medicine
Clinical Associate Professor Consultant and Head of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
King Hussein Medical Centre
Amman
Jordan
Mohammed Khairy Mahmoud MD, MRCOG Consultant in Reproductive Medicine
CARE Fertility
Birmingham
UK
Giulia Mariani MD Gynecologist
IVI-RMA
Valencia Spain
Ayrton Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira
Barcelona University
Barcelona
Spain
Juan José Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira
Girona University
Girona
Spain
Marlon P. Martinez MD, FPUA, FPCS
Consultant
Section of Urology
Department of Surgery
University of Santo Tomas Hospital
Manila Philippines
Anne E. Martini MD, FACOG
Fellow in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland USA
Szabolcs Matyas PhD
Chief Embryologist
IVF Center
Kaali Institute
Budapest Hungary
Pedro Melo MD, MRCOG
Clinical Research Fellow in Reproductive Medicine
Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage
Research
University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
Zaher Merhi MD, HCLD
Associate Professor of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
SUNY Downstate University
Brooklyn, New York USA
Liselotte Mettler MD, PhD
Emeritus Professor and Deputy Director
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/ Reproductive Medicine
University Clinics of Schleswig Holstein
Kiel
Germany
Mostafa Metwally FRCOG, MD
Consultant in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Jessop Wing
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals
Sheffield UK
Mahmoud Mima MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Urology
University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
Fady Moeity MD
Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University of Alexandria Alexandria Egypt
Hossam Mohamed MBBCh, MD, FRCOG
Senior Consultant Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Women’s Wellness and Research Center Doha Qatar
Christopher P. Moutos MD
Resident Physician
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Galveston, Texas USA
Suheil J. Muasher MD
Associate Professor
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland USA
Asif Muneer MD, FRCS (Urol) Consultant Urological Surgeon and Andrologist
Associate Professor Division of Surgery
Department Urology University College London Hospital London UK
Luciano G. Nardo MD, MRCOG Clinical Director
Reproductive Health Group Daresbury UK
Frank Nawroth MD, PhD
Centre for Infertility, Prenatal Medicine, Endocrinology and Osteology Amedes Group Hamburg Germany
Scott M. Nelson BSC, MBCHB, PhD, MRCOG Muirhead Chair in Obstetrics and Gynaecology School of Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
Catherine Nelson-Piercy FRCP, FRCOG Professor of Obstetric Medicine King’s College London; Consultant Obstetric Physician
Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK
Jose Vázquez Núñez MSc Director of Embryology and Andrology Laboratory
IRMO S.L.
Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
Samuel J. Ohlander MD
Assistant Professor of Urology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
Bolarinde Ola MBBS, FRCOG, FWACS, MD, MBA
Consultant Gynaecologist and Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Sheffield UK
Kenan Omurtag MD, FACOG Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri USA
Rodrigo L. Pagani MD
Assistant Professor of Urology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
William Rhys Parry-Smith BSc, MBBS MD, PGCert MRCOG, FHEA, BSCCP
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust
Shrewsbury UK
Lauri A. Pasch PhD
Professor
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, California
USA
Sabrina Pastor-Carvajal MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine
Miami, Florida USA
Pasquale Patrizio MD, MBE, HCLD, FACOG Professor of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut USA
Valerie L Peddie RGN, RM, ADM, BA(Hons), MSc
Nurse Consultant and Fertility Specialist
Aberdeen Centre for Reproductive Medicine
Institute of Applied Health Sciences
School of Medicine
University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen Maternity Hospital
Aberdeen
UK
John Y. Phelps MD, JD, LLM, MHA Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada
USA
Lukasz Polanski PhD, MRCOG
Subspecialty trainee in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Assisted Conception Unit
Guy’s Hospital
London UK
Neelam Potdar MRCOG
Consultant in Reproductive Medicine
Women’s Clinical Management Group
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
Leicester
UK
Jyotsna Pundir MRCOG Consultant Gynaecologist
Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
Centre for Reproductive Medicine
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Honorary Senior Lecturer
Queen Mary University
London UK
Beth W. Rackow MD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York
USA
Nicholas Raine-Fenning MBChB, MRCOG, PhD
Associate Professor and Reader of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Director of Research
Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction Division of Human Development School of Clinical Sciences
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
Nottingham UK
Abdel-Maguid Ramzy MD Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Cairo University
Cairo Egypt
Contributors
Yorain Sri Ranjan BSc, MPhil, MRCOG
Clinical Research Fellow in Reproductive Medicine;
Specialist Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Human Development and Health
Faculty of Medicine
University of Southampton Southampton UK
Pavithra Rao MBBS, MRCOG
Specialist Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Hull University Teaching Hospitals Hull UK
Nivedita Reddy MBBS, MRCOG
Associate Specialist
Assisted Conception Unit
Guy’s Hospital
London UK
Giuseppe Ricci MD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Department of Medical Sciences
University of Trieste; Director
Assisted Reproduction Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy
Isla Robertson BMBCh, BA (Medical Sciences), MRCOG
Clinical Research Fellow in Reproductive Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University of Southampton Southampton UK
Lynne Robinson MBCHB, MD, MRCOG
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Fertility and Menopause Clinical Lead
Birmingham Women’s Hospital Birmingham UK
Lawrence S. Ross MD
Past President American Urological Association
Clarence C. Saelhof Professor Emeritus of Urology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
Heather E. Ross JD Partner
Founding Partner, Ross and Zuckerman, LLP Chicago, Illinois USA
Defne Saatci BA, MBBChir, MRes
Research Fellow Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK
Mahmoud Salama MD, PhD
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois USA
Shawqi Saleh MD, FRCOG Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
The University of Jordan Amman Jordan
Hassan N. Sallam MD, FRCOG, PhD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Alexandria
Alexandria Egypt
