(eBookPDF)PrimaryCareofWomen2ndEditionby Barbara
K.Hackley

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(eBookPDF)PrimaryCareofWomen2ndEditionby Barbara
K.Hackley
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PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONTRIBUTORS
1 Defining Primary Care
Jan M. Kriebs
Midwifery Scope of Practice
Women’s Health as Primary Care Practice
The Clinical Scope of Primary Care
Chronic Diseases and Cause of Death
Disparities in Health Care
Cultural Competence in Practice
Conclusion
References
2 General Health Examination
Barbara K. Hackley
Annual Health Exam
Screening Tests
Criteria for Successful Screening Programs
Accuracy of Screening Tests
Impact of Disease Prevalence
Biases in Screening Tests
Recommendations of Various Organizations
Immunizations
Immune Response
Types of Vaccinations
Vaccine Safety
Principles of Vaccination
Commonly Used Adult Vaccines
HPV Vaccines
Influenza Vaccines
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccines
Meningococcal Vaccine
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine
Varicella and Zoster Vaccines
Immunization in Special Populations
References
3 Environmental Health
Katie Huffling
Why Women’s Healthcare Professionals?
Scope of the Issue
Clinical Care
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Evaluation
History
Physical Examination
Laboratory Studies
Mental Disorders Commonly Seen in Primary Care
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Stress Disorders
Adjustment Disorders
Eating Disorders
Personality Disorders
Substance-Related Disorders
Female Gender–Associated Mental Disorders
Menstrual Disorders
Perinatal Mood Disorders
Depression and/or Anxiety During Pregnancy
Postpartum Mood Disorders
Adjunctive Therapies for Mental Illness
Referral and Consultation with Mental Health
Clinicians
Conclusion
References
6 Substance Use
Christine L. Savage, Deborah Finnell
Substance Use Across the Continuum
Level of Risk
Types of Psychoactive Substances
Epidemiology of Substance Use in Women
Tobacco: Prevalence, Attributable Mortality
Alcohol: Prevalence, Attributable Mortality
Illicit Drugs: Prevalence, Attributable Mortality
Substance Use in Women by Age and Ethnicity
Emerging Issues
Nonprescription Use of Controlled Substances
Methamphetamine
Legalization of Marijuana
Neurobiologic Bases of Substance Use
The Brain Reward System
Genetics and Epigenetics
Application to Practice
Women-Specific Issues
Documentation
Danger Assessment and Safety Planning
Working with Survivors of Abuse
Trauma-Informed Care
Abuse During Pregnancy
Sequelae
Prevention of IPV
Elder Abuse
Incarcerated Women
Health Concerns
Women’s Health Care
Programs Addressing These Challenges
A Final Note for Clinicians
References
8 Neurology
Lynn C. Simko
Introduction
Common Symptoms
General Approach to Investigating Neurologic
Problems
History
Abbreviated Neurologic Exam
Neurologic and Laboratory Testing
Headache
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Assessment
Tension Headache
Migraine Headache
Chronic Headache
Cluster Headache
Syncope
History
Physical Examination
Laboratory
Management of Syncope
Complementary/Alternative Therapies
Patient Instructions
During Pregnancy and Lactation
Vertigo and Dizziness
Numbness and Paresthesia—Peripheral Neuropathy
History
Physical
Laboratory and Clinical Testing
Management of Numbness/Tingling/Paresthesia
Weakness
History
Physical
Laboratory
Diagnostic Clues
Specific Conditions
Outer Ear Conditions: Otitis Externa, Foreign Bodies, and Earwax
Middle Ear Condition: Otitis Media with Effusion
Inner Ear Conditions: Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Vertigo
Retrocochlear Condition: Vestibular Schwannoma
References
11 Oral Health
Barbara K. Hackley
Preventive Health Care
Personal Dental Health Practices
Screening and Early Treatment of Dental Health Conditions
Recognizing Dental Disease
Clinical Presentation
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Evaluation
Management of Common Conditions
Caries
Abscess
Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease
Tooth Loss
Temporomandibular Disorders
Dental Trauma
Care of the Pregnant and Breastfeeding
Woman
References
12 Diabetes
Allison A. Vorderstrasse
Epidemiology
Course of Disease
Evaluation for Diabetes
History and Physical
Laboratory Testing
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Patient Education
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Impact of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
References
13 Thyroid and Other Endocrine Disorders
Barbara K. Hackley, Jan M. Kriebs
Thyroid Disease
Screening Recommendations
Karen Stemler, Barbara K. Hackley
Common Respiratory Symptoms
Rhinitis
Fever
Wheeze
Cough
Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
Management of Specific Respiratory Conditions
Common Cold
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Assessment
Management
Influenza
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Assessment
Management
Pneumonia
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Assessment
Management
Allergies
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Evaluation
Management
Patient Instructions
Rhinosinusitis
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory Evaluation
Management
Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Management
Acute Bronchitis
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory Evaluation
Management
Asthma
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory Evaluation
Management
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Testing
Management of Stable COPD
Management of Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis and/or COPD
Tuberculosis
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory Testing
Management of Tuberculosis
References
Carolynn Bruno, Barbara K. Hackley
Clinical Presentation
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Findings
History
Physical
Laboratory/Imaging Testing
Cardiac Symptoms and Physical Findings
Chest Pain
Palpitations
Heart Murmur
Management of Cardiovascular Conditions
Hypertension
Physiology
Management
Management Issues Specific to Women
Alternative Therapies in the Management of Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Physiology
Management
Medication Management
Alternative Therapies
Metabolic Syndrome
Dyslipidemia and Pregnancy
Venous Thromboembolism
Physiology
Assessment
Treatment
Pregnancy and Postpartum
Hypercoagulable States
Varicose Veins
References
17 Gastrointestinal
Barbara K. Hackley, Elaine Leigh
Clinical Presentation
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrhea
Dyspepsia and Heartburn
Dysphagia
Abdominal Pain
Constipation
Rectal Bleeding
Essential History, Physical, and Laboratory
Evaluation
History
Physical Examination
Laboratory Evaluation
Imaging/Diagnostic Procedures
Management of Common Gastrointestinal
Conditions
Conditions Associated with Nausea, Vomiting, and/or Diarrhea
Conditions Associated with Nausea and Vomiting
Conditions Associated with Diarrhea
Conditions Characterized Primarily by Dyspepsia and Heartburn
Conditions Characterized Primarily by Dysphagia
Conditions Characterized Primarily by Abdominal Pain
Conditions Characterized by Constipation
Conditions Characterized Primarily by Rectal Bleeding
Miscellaneous
References
18 Obesity and Weight Management
Diane Berry
Pathophysiology of Obesity
Office-Based Obesity Care
Measurement of Obesity
Associated Disease Risks
Management of Obesity
Dietary Interventions
Behavioral Modification Interventions
Proliferative Lesions Without Atypia
Proliferative Lesions with Atypia— Hyperplasia and Carcinoma In Situ
Other Symptoms and Conditions
Breast Cancer Screening
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Imaging in Breast Cancer Screening
Prevention of Breast Cancer
Invasive Breast Cancer
Hormone Receptor Status and Prognosis
Less Common Cancers
Psychosocial Aspects of Breast Cancer
Missed Diagnoses and Liability
Conclusion
References
Appendix 19-A: Breast Examination
Procedure for Breast Examination
References
20 Urinary System
Megan Sapp Madsen, Jan M. Kriebs
Basics of Anatomy and Physiology
Essential History, Physical Examination, and
Laboratory
History