CONTRIBUTORS
Thomas H. Boyer, DVM, DABVP (Reptile and Amphibian Practice)
Owner
Small and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery
Pet Hospital of Penasquitos
Co-Founder and Editor-in-Chief (Emeritus)
Journal of Herpetological Medicine & Surgery
Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians
San Diego, California
Chelonian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology
Tortoises, Freshwater Turtles, and Terrapins
Nutrition
Nutritional Diseases
Nutritional Therapy
Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Chelonians
Hypovitaminosis and Hypervitaminosis A
Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Teresa Bradley Bays, DVM, CVA, DABVP (ECM), CVMMP
Co-Owner, Medical Director, and Exotic Companion Mammal Specialist
Belton Animal Clinic and Exotic Care Center
Raymore Animal Clinic
Belton, Missouri
Clinical Behavioral Medicine
Mental Health Treatment (Psychopharmacology and Behavior
Therapy)
Mary B. Brown, PhD Professor
Infectious Diseases and Immunology
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Otorhinolaryngology
Tortoise Mycoplasmosis
Melinda S. Camus, DVM, DACVP
Associate Professor Pathology
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Cytology
Brendan Carmel, BVSc, MVS, MANZCVS (Unusual Pets), GDipComp
Owner
Warranwood Veterinary Centre
Warranwood, Australia
Specialization
James W. Carpenter, MS, DVM, Dipl ACZM Professor
Department of Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas
Hematology and Biochemistry Tables
Reptile Formulary
Norin Chai, DVM, MSc, PhD, Dipl ECZM (Zoo Health Management)
Head Vet and Deputy Director
Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Paris, France
Amphibian Chytridiomycosis
Leigh Clayton, DVM
Vice President
Animal Care and Welfare
National Aquarium
Baltimore, Maryland
Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Amphibians
Jessica R. Comolli, DVM, LVT
Zoological Medicine Resident
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Radiography—Snakes
Scott Connelly, PhD
Assistant Professor
Odum School of Ecology
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Herpetofauna and Ecosystem Health
John E. Cooper, DTVM, FRCPath, FRSB, CBiol, FRCVS, RCVS
Specialist in Veterinary Pathology, Dipl European College of Veterinary Pathologists, Dipl ECZM
Wildlife Health, Forensic and Comparative Pathology Services (UK)
Honorary Research Fellow
Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology (DICE) University of Kent
Canterbury, United Kingdom Forensics
Margaret E. Cooper, LLB, FLS, English Solicitor (Non-Practising)
Wildlife Health, Forensic and Comparative Pathology Services (UK)
Honorary Research Fellow
Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology (DICE)
University of Kent
Canterbury, United Kingdom
Laws and Regulations—International Laws and Regulations—Europe Forensics
Lara M. Cusack, DVM
Wildlife Veterinarian
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Naples, Florida
Environmental Lighting Photomodulation (Low-Level Laser Therapy)
Daniel Cutler, DVM
Zoological Medicine Resident
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Esophagostomy Tube Placement
Hospitalization
Andre Daneault
Curator of Ectotherms
Animals, Science, and Environment
Disney’s Animal Kingdom
Bay Lake, Florida
Behavioral Training and Enrichment of Reptiles
Leticia Mattos de Souza Dantas, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVB
Clinical Assistant Professor of Behavioral Medicine
Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Clinical Behavioral Medicine
Mental Health Treatment (Psychopharmacology and Behavior Therapy)
Ryan De Voe, DVM, MSpVM, Dipl ACZM, Dipl ABVP (Reptiles and Amphibians)
Clinical Veterinarian
Animals, Science, and Environment
Disney’s Animal Kingdom
EPCOT’s The Seas with Nemo and Friends
Walt Disney’s Parks and Resorts
Bay Lake, Florida
Gastroenterology—Oral Cavity, Esophagus, and Stomach
Gastrointestinal Tract
Stomatitis
Dale F. DeNardo, DVM, PhD
Associate Professor
School of Life Sciences
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona
Theriogenology
Geraldine Diethelm, DrVetMed Chief of Staff
Marathon Veterinary Hospital
Marathon, Florida
Digit Abnormalities
Stephen J. Divers, BVetMed, DZooMed, Dipl ECZM (Herpetology and Zoo Health Management), DACZM, FRCVS
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Fellow and Recognized Specialist in Zoo and Wildlife
European Veterinary Specialist in Zoo Health Management
Scientific Editor for the Journal of Herpetological Medicine & Surgery
Associate Editor for the Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
Professor of Zoological Medicine
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Specialization
Bacteriology
Mycology
Molecular Infectious Disease Diagnostics
Diagnostic Laboratory Listing
Medical History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Techniques and Sample Collection
Catheter Placement
Esophagostomy Tube Placement
Hospitalization
Amphibian Anesthesia
Radiography—General Principles
Radiography—Lizards
Radiography—Snakes
Radiography—Chelonians
Diagnostic and Surgical Endoscopy Equipment
Endoscopy Practice Management (Fee Structures and Marketing)
Diagnostic Endoscopy
Endoscope-Assisted and Endoscopic Surgery
Urology
Hepatology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pulmonology
Surgical Equipment, Instrumentation, and General Principles
Ear
Rhinarium
Oral Cavity, Mandible, Maxilla, and Beak
Chelonian Prefemoral Coeliotomy
Chelonian Transplastron Coeliotomy
Lower Respiratory Tract
Urinary Tract
Photobiomodulation (Low-Level Laser Therapy)
Aural/Tympanic Abscessation
Hepatic Lipidosis
Pneumonia
Renal Disease
Tail Abnormalities
Andrew M. Durso, BS, MS, PhD
Postdoctoral Researcher
Institute of Global Health
University of Geneva
Geneva, Switzerland
Natural Behavior
Kevin Eatwell, BVSc (Hons), Dipl ZooMed (Reptilian), Dipl ECZM (Herpetology and Small Mammals), RCVS Recognized Specialist in Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, ECZM Recognized Veterinary Specialist in Herpetological Medicine, MRCVS
Senior Lecturer in Rabbit, Exotic Animal, and Wildlife Medicine and Surgery
Dick Vet Rabbit and Exotic Clinic
University of Edinburgh
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Gastroenterology—Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas, and Large Intestine
Diarrhea
Lizard Cryptosporidiosis
Bruce Ferguson, MS, DVM
Instructor and Course Director
Tui-Na and Chinese Bodywork
Topographic Acupuncture
Chi Institute of Chinese Medicine
Reddick, Florida
Complementary and Integrative Veterinary Therapies
Shannon T. Ferrell, DVM, DACZM, DABVP (Avian)
Chief
Veterinary Services
Zoo de Granby
Granby, Canada
Conservation
Kevin T. Fitzgerald, PhD, DVM, DABVP
Staff Veterinarian
General Practice/Emergency/Exotics
VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital
Denver, Colorado
Toxicology
Acariasis
Spinal Osteopathy
Samuel P. Franklin, MS, DVM, PhD
Assistant Professor of Small Animal Orthopedic Surgery
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens, Georgia
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
Richard S. Funk, MA, DVM
Owner
Richard Funk Veterinary Services
Mesa, Arizona
Adjunct Professor
Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine
Glendale, Arizona
Snake Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology
Snakes
Venomoid Surgery
Snake Coeliotomy
Tail Amputation
Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Snakes
Tail Abnormalities
Vomiting and Regurgitation
Janos Gal, DVM, PhD, Dipl ECZM
Head of Department
Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine
University of Veterinary Science
Budapest, Hungary
Salmonellosis
Zoonoses and Public Health
Paul M. Gibbons, DVM, MS, Dipl ABVP (Reptile/Amphibian)
Conservation Program Director
Behler Chelonian Center
Turtle Conservancy
Ojai, California
Associate Veterinarian
Avian and Exotic Veterinary Care
Portland, Oregon
Hematology and Biochemistry Tables
Reptile Formulary
Large Zoo and Private Collection Management
Simon Girling, BVMS (Hons), DZooMed, Dipl ECZM (ZHM), CBiol, FRSB, EurProBiol, FRCVS
Head of Veterinary Services
Veterinary Department, Living Collections
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Cardiology
Vascular, Hematopoietic, and Immune Systems
Nicole Gottdenker, DVM, MS, PhD, Dipl ACVP
Associate Professor
Department of Veterinary Pathology
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Biopsy
Necropsy
Chris Griffin, DVM, DABVP (Avian)
Medical Director and Owner
Griffin Avian and Exotic Veterinary Hospital
Kannapolis, North Carolina
Breeders, Wholesalers, and Retailers
Craig A. Harms, DVM, PhD, Dipl ACZM
Professor
Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
North Carolina State University
Center for Marine Sciences and Technology
Morehead City, North Carolina
Sea Turtles
Tara M. Harrison, DVM, MPVM, Dipl ACZM, Dipl ACVPM, Dipl ECZM (ZHM), CVA
Assistant Professor
Department of Clinical Sciences
North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine
Raleigh, North Carolina
Cancer Chemotherapy
J. Jill Heatley, DVM, MS
Associate Professor
Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
College Station, Texas
Hematology
Clinical Chemistry
Joanna Hedley, BVM&S, DZooMed (Reptilian), Dipl ECZM (Herpetology), MRCVS
Exotics Service
Royal Veterinary College
London, United Kingdom
Reference Resources for the Herpetological Clinician
Tom Hellebuyck, DVM, PhD, Dipl ECZM (Herpetology)
Head of Clinic
Division of Poultry, Exotic Companion Animals, Wildlife and Experimental Animals
Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Ghent University
Merelbeke, Belgium
Dermatology—Skin
Integument
Dysecdysis
Thermal Burns
Claudia Hochleithner, DVM
Managing Director
Tierklinik Strebersdorf Hochleithner GmbH
Tierklinik
Vienna, Austria
Ultrasonography
Shannon P. Holmes, DVM, MSc, Dipl ACVR Founding Radiologist
AXIS—Animal Cross-Sectional Imaging Specialists
Athens, Georgia
Radiography—General Principles Radiography—Lizards
Radiography—Chelonians
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Elizabeth W. Howerth, DVM, PhD Professor
Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Immunopathology
Craig J-G. Hunt, BVetMed, CertSAM, DZooMed (Reptilian), MRCVS
RCVS Recognized Specialist in Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
Chine House Veterinary Hospital
Loughborough, United Kingdom
Stress and Welfare
Disinfection
Charles J. Innis, VMD, DABVP (Reptile and Amphibian Practice)
Director of Animal Health
New England Aquarium
Boston, Massachusetts
Chelonian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology
Urology
Medical Management and Rehabilitation of Sea Turtles
Robert Johnson, BVSc, MANZCVS, CertZooMed, BA
Zoologica Consulting Mosman, Australia
Venomous Species
Tail Abnormalities
Cathy A. Johnson-Delaney, DVM
Special Projects Coordinator
Animal Facility
NW Zoological Supply
Everett, Washington
Consulting Veterinarian
Oregon Tiger Sanctuary
Eagle Point, Oregon
Consulting Veterinarian
Pacific Primate Sanctuary
Haiku, Hawaii
Contributing Author
Vetstream
Devon, United Kingdom
Salmonellosis
Zoonoses and Public Health
W. Michael Karlin, DVM, MS, Dipl ACVS SA and LA
Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
Tufts University
North Grafton, Massachusetts
Orthopedic Principles and External Coaptation
Fracture Fixation and Arthrodesis
Skull and Spinal Fracture Repair
Limb Amputation
Krista A. Keller, DVM, Dipl ACZM
Assistant Professor
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Illinois
Urbana, Illinois
Perinatology
Urolithiasis (Cystic Calculi and Cloacal Uroliths)
Marja J.L. Kik, DVM, PhD, Dipl ECZM (Herpetology), Dipl Pathology RNVA Professor
Department of Pathobiology
Veterinary Pathological Diagnostic Center
Utrecht University
Utrecht, Netherlands
Bite Wounds and Prey-Induced Trauma
Michelle Kischinovsky, DVM, MRCVS
Head Veterinarian
Zoo Animal Health
Nordens Ark
Hunnebostrand, Sweden
Otorhinolaryngology
Ear
Rhinarium
Oral Cavity, Mandible, Maxilla, and Beak
Aural/Tympanic Abscessation
Eric Klaphake, DVM, Dipl ACZM, Dipl ABVP (Avian Practice), Dipl ABVP (Reptile/Amphibian Practice)
Associate Veterinarian
Cheyenne Mountain Zoo
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Hematology and Biochemistry Tables
Reptile Formulary
S. Emi Knafo, BS, DVM, DACZM
Zoological Medicine Specialist
Avian and Exotics Department
Red Bank Veterinary Hospital
Tinton Falls, New Jersey
Musculoskeletal System
Orthopedic Principles and External Coaptation
Fracture Fixation and Arthrodesis
Skull and Spinal Fracture Repair
Limb Amputation
Spinal Osteopathy
Zdenek Knotek, DVM, PhD, Dipl ECZM (Herpetological Medicine and Surgery)
Head
Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Brno, Czech Republic
Pulmonology
Martin P.C. Lawton, BVetMed, CertVOphthal, CertLAS, CBiol, MRSB, DZooMed, FRSM, FRCVS
Lawton & Stoakes
Romford
Essex, United Kingdom
Ophthalmology
Eye
Jurisprudence, Expert Reports, Testimony, and Court Appearance
Daniel T. Lewbart, JD, MELP
Gerolamo, Divis, McNulty, & Lewbart
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Laws and Regulations—Americas
Gregory A. Lewbart, MS, VMD, Dipl ACZM and ECZM (Zoo Health Management)
Professor of Aquatic Animal Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
Laws and Regulations—Americas
Adolf Maas, DVM, DABVP (Reptile and Amphibian), CertAqV
Director
Research and Clinical Medicine
ZooVet Consulting, PLLC
Bothell, Washington
Developing a Successful Herpetological Veterinary Service
Ross A. Machin, DVM, MRCVS, GPCert (ExAP), PgC (EAS), RCVS
Advanced Practitioner in Zoological Medicine
Veterinary Surgeon
Exotics
MR Vet Ltd.
Leicester, United Kingdom
Gastroenterology—Cloaca
Cloacal Prolapse
Cloacal Prolapse
John C. Maerz, PhD, BSc
Josiah Meigs Distinguished Professor
Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Natural Behavior
Christoph Mans, DrMedVet
Clinical Assistant Professor of Zoological Medicine
Department of Surgical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, Wisconsin
General Anesthesia
Analgesia
Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia
Maud L. Marin, DMV, MSc, DACZM
Clinical Director
Veterinary Technician Program
Pima Medical Institute
Houston, Texas
Wound Management
Rachel E. Marschang, PD DrMedVet, Dipl ECZM (Herpetology), FTÄ Mikrobiologie, ZB Reptilien
Veterinarian
Microbiology
Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG
Bad Kissingen, Germany
Universität Hohenheim
Stuttgart, Germany
Virology
Antiviral Therapy
An Martel, DVM, MSc, PhD, Dipl ECZM (Wildlife Population
Health)
Professor Wildlife Health Ghent
Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases
Ghent University
Merelbeke, Belgium
Amphibian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology
Amphibians
Albert Martínez-Silvestre, DVM, MSc, PhD, Dipl ECZM (Herpetology), Acred AVEPA (Exotic Animals)
Scientific Director and Veterinarian
Catalonian Reptile and Amphibian Rescue Center (CRARC)
Masquefa, Spain
Advisory Board Member and Veterinarian
Turtle Conservancy
Los Angeles, California
Toxicology
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
Karina A. Mathes, DVM, Dipl ECZM (Herpetology), European Veterinary Specialist in Zoological Medicine (Herpetology), Certified Specialist in Reptiles (Fachtieraerztin für Reptilien), Certified Specialist in Reptiles and Amphibians (ZB Reptilien und Amphibien)
Head of the Department of Reptiles and Amphibians
Clinic for Small Mammals, Reptiles and Birds
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
Hannover, Germany
Neurological Disorders
Joerg Mayer, DVM, MSc, DABVP (SM), DECZM (SM), DACZM
Associate Professor
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Oncology
Cancer Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Allometric Scaling
Stuart McArthur, BVetMed
Veterinarian
The Animal Trust
Leeds, United Kingdom
Gastroenterology—Cloaca
Cloacal Prolapse
Cloacal Prolapse
Colin T. McDermott, VMD, CertAqV
Exotic and Aquatic Veterinarian
Exotics Department
Mount Laurel Animal Hospital
Mount Laurel, New Jersey
Hematology and Biochemistry Tables
Amphibian Formulary
Melinda Merck, DVM
Owner
Veterinary Forensics Consulting, LLC
Austin, Texas
Forensics
Jean Meyer, DrMedVet, FTA Kleintiere
Private Practice
Tierarztpraxis Voelkendorf
Villach, Austria
Lecturer
Department of Small Animal Medicine/Reptile Medicine
University of Veterinary Medicine
Vienna, Austria
Dermatology—Shell
Shell Surgery and Repair
Shell Abnormalities
Mark A. Mitchell, DVM, MS, PhD, DECZM (Herpetology)
Professor
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Louisiana State University
Hospital Director
Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
The Importance of Herpetological Publication by Clinicians and Academics
Statistics for the Clinician Scientist
Therapeutic Overview and General Approach
Routes of Administration
Antibiotic Therapy
Antifungal Therapy
Antiinflammatory Therapy
Antiparasitic Therapy
Antony S. Moore, BVSc, MVSc, MANZCVS, Dipl ACVIM (Oncology)
Co-Director
Veterinary Oncology Consultants
Wauchope, Australia
Oncology
Cancer Chemotherapy
Walter Mustin, MS, PhD
Chief Research Officer
Animal Programs
Cayman Turtle Farm
West Bay, Cayman Islands
Commercial Reptile Farming
Koichi Nagata, BVSc, DACVR (RO)
Radiation Oncology
Department of Veterinary Biosciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Radiation Therapy
Giordano Nardini, DMV, PhD, Dipl ECZM (Herpetology)
Head of Hospital
Clinica Veterinaria Modena Sud
Spilamberto, Italy
Adjunct Professor
University of Teramo
Teramo, Italy
Hemoparasites
Javier G. Nevarez, DVM, PhD, DACZM, DECZM (Herpetology)
Professor
Veterinary Clinical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Crocodilian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology
Crocodilians
Euthanasia
Radiography—Crocodilians
Crocodilian Coeliotomy
Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Crocodilians
Commercial Reptile Farming
Terry M. Norton, DVM, Dipl ACZM
Director and Veterinarian
Rehabilitation, Education, and Research
Georgia Sea Turtle Center/Jekyll Island Authority
Jekyll Island, Georgia
Wildlife Veterinarian
St. Catherines Island Foundation
Midway, Georgia
Veterinarian
Turtle Hospital
Marathon, Florida
Vice President
St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network
Basseterre, St. Kitts
Board Member and Wildlife Veterinarian
Osa Ecology
Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica
Adjunct Professor
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine
Raleigh, North Carolina
Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine
Harrogate, Tennessee
Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University
North Grafton, Massachusetts
Shell Surgery and Repair
Wound Management
Working With Free-Ranging Amphibians and Reptiles
Peter Nowlan, MVB, MSc, MRCVS, Cert LAS MA Professor
Department of Zoology
Trinity College Dublin
Dublin, Ireland
Laboratory Management and Medicine
Dorcas P. O’Rourke, DVM, MS, DACLAM
Professor and Chair
Department of Comparative Medicine
The Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina
Laboratory Management and Medicine
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