ADVANCED ANESTHESIA REVIEW
EDITED BY Alaa Abd-Elsayed
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Abd-Elsayed, Alaa, editor.
Title: Advanced anesthesia review / [edited by] Alaa Abd-Elsayed. Other titles: Advanced anesthesia review (Abd-Elsayed)
Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2023] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021039926 (print) | LCCN 2021039927 (ebook) | ISBN 9780197584521 (paperback) | ISBN 9780197584545 (epub) | ISBN 9780197584552 (OxMed)
Subjects: MESH: Anesthesia | Handbook
Classification: LCC RD81 (print) | LCC RD81 (ebook) | NLM WO 231 | DDC 617.9/6—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021039926
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021039927
DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197584521.001.0001
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed by Marquis, Canada
To my parents, my wife, and my two beautiful kids, Maro and George
Mary Ghaly and Sherif Zaky
30. Diagnosis and Management of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)
Kristopher M. Schroeder and Andrew Pfaff
31. Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia Checklist for Local Anesthetic Toxicity
Kristopher M. Schroeder and Andrew Pfaff
32. Role of Regional Anesthesia in Enhanced Recovery Protocols
Kristopher M. Schroeder and Andrew Pfaff
33. Innervation of Pelvic Structures
Peter Yi and Kevin E. Vorenkamp
Daniel Gonzalez Kapp 36. Malignant Hyperthermia
Peter Papapetrou and Kris Ferguson
37. Butyrylcholinesterase(Pseudocholinesterase)Deficiency
Brian Harris and Kris Ferguson
38. Prolonged QT Syndrome
Kris Ferguson and Peter Papapetrou
39. Rapid Metabolizers
40.
Nicholas M. Parker
Anuj A. Shah and Christine S. Zaky
41. Anesthetic Implications of Addiction
Brian Harris and Kris Ferguson
42. Addiction Versus Tolerance
Anuj A. Shah and Christine S. Zaky
43. CNS Drugs for Nonanesthetic Use
Nitin Sekhri and Kevin Hui
44. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 117
Lauren McGinty
45. Acetaminophen
Ifomachukwu Uzodinma
46. α2-Agonists
47.
48.
Nimit K. Shah and Piotr Al-Jindi
Rohit Aiyer and Sarah
Dustin Latimer and Elyse M. Cornett
Greta Nemergut
50. Antiemetics
Jeffery James Eapen and Jason Bang
51. Antiaspiration Medications
Nimit K. Shah and Abed Rahman
52. Chronic Opioid Dependence and Therapy 135
Nicholas M. Parker
53. Sympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy, Drugs, Receptors, and Transmitters 137
Shelley George
54. Parasympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy, Transmitters, Receptors, Drugs
Maria E. Munoz-Allen
Part 7: Central Nervous System
55. Anatomy of the Nervous System 145
Timothy Cutler and Sherif Zaky
56. Neurological Disorders 149
Maryam Jowza and Dominika James
57. Musculoskeletal System 152
Sarah Money and Rohit Aiyer
58. Epilepsy 154
Maryam Jowza and Dominika James
59. Coma: Diagnosis and Management 157
Hess Robertson and Philip G. Boysen
60. Therapeutic Barbiturate Coma 159
Syed A. Rahman
61. Drug Intoxication 161
Sarah C. Smith
62. Paraplegia, Quadriplegia, Spinal Shock, Autonomic Hyperreflexia, Acute Spinal Cord Injury 165
Peter Papapetrou and Kris Ferguson
63. Airway Management in Cervical Spine Disease 167
Balram Sharma and Evgeny Romanov
64. Tetanus 170
Patrick Forrest
65. Positioning and Anesthesia in Sitting Position 172
Sohail K. Mahboobi and Alexander Rothkrug
66. Air Embolism 174
Samuel Linares and Ned F. Nasr
67. Cerebral Protection 176
Roy Kim and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
68. Intracranial Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformation 178
Kenan Alkhalili and Ned F. Nasr
69. Interventional Neuroradiology 181
Kenan Alkhalili and Ned F. Nasr
70. Pituitary Adenomas 183
Benjamin B. G. Mori and Ned F. Nasr
71. Fluid Management in Neurosurgery 186
Rotem Naftalovich and Daniel Denis
72. Spinal Fluid Drainage 188
Deepak Agarwal and Lovkesh L. Arora
73. Stereotactic and Gamma-Knife Techniques, Deep Brain Stimulator Placement, Intraoperative Wake-Up Techniques 190
Roy Kim and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
74. Ventriculostomy 192
Roy Kim and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
75. Awake Craniotomy 194
John S. Shin and Timothy T. Bui
76. Postoperative Visual Loss 196
Camila Teixeira and Steven Minear
77. Hypothermia 197
Jarrod Bang and Archit Sharma
78. Monitored Anesthesia Care and Sedation 199
Nikki Eden and Shobana Rajan
Part 8: Respiratory System Anatomy
79. Divisions of Bronchoscopic Anatomy 205
Matthew Gunst and Christopher Giordano
80. Bronchial and Pulmonary Circulations 207
Jordan Brewer and Christopher Giordano
81. Lung Mechanics 209
Evan Davidson and Ettore Crimi
82. Normal Acid-Base Regulation 211
Erica Alcibiade and Maggie W. Mechlin
83. EffectsofImbalanceonElectrolytesandOrganPerfusion 213
Sarah Maben
84. Strong Ionic Difference
Christopher Giordano and Ravi Patel
85. Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation
Sarah Maben
86. The Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis 220
Scott Stayner and Kris Ferguson
87. Temperature Effect on Blood Gases: Alpha-Stat Versus pH-Stat 222
Sohail K. Mahboobi and Faraz Mahmood
88. Lung Function and Cell Processes 225
Amit Prabhakar and Matt Warth
89. Ventilation-Perfusion 227
Jarrod Bang and Archit Sharma
90. Lung Volume 229
Sarah Helwege and Archit Sharma
91. Pulmonary Function Tests 231
Sarah Helwege and Archit Sharma
Part 9: Clinical Science
92. Obstructive Lung Disease 237
Bryan J. Hierlmeier and Anesh Rugnath
93. Restrictive Lung Disease 239
Binoy Samuel and Justin Merkow
94. Management of Patients With Respiratory Disease: Intraoperative Management 242
Dmitry Roberman and Felipe F. Suero
95. Respiratory Adjuncts: Heliox, Nitric Oxide, Epoprostenol, and Intraoperative Steroids 244
Michelle McMaster
96. Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation of the Patient With Pulmonary Disease
Anna-Kaye Brown and Ellen Hauck
97. Choice of Anesthesia/Anesthetic Techniques in Thoracic Surgery
Callan Bialorucki
98. Nonpulmonary Surgery, Including Mediastinoscopy and Bronchoscopy 252
Christopher O. Fadumiye
99. Thoracic and Pulmonary Surgery
Al-Awwab Mohammad Dabaliz and Christina Stachur
100. Bronchopleural Fistula 256
Adam Lepkowsky and Dane Coyne
101. Advanced Anesthesia Review: One-Lung Ventilation 258
Sohail K. Mahboobi and Dillon B. Coplai
102. Thoracoscopy 261
Al-Awwab Mohammad Dabaliz and Christina Stachur
103. Postoperative Pain 263
Nasir Hussain and Tristan E. Weaver
104. Ventilator Support and Extubation Criteria 265
Benjamin B. G. Mori and Abayomi Akintorin
105. Management of Respiratory Failure 269
Phil Boysen and Patrick Newman
106. Mode of Ventilation 271
Katarina Kapisoda and Ettore Crimi
107. BiPAP, Airway Pressure Release Ventilation, and Prone Ventilation 273
Neisaliz Marrero-Figueroa and Ettore Crimi
108. Sleep Apnea 275
Sohail K. Mahboobi
109. Complications and Side Effects of Mechanical Ventilation 277
Sohail K. Mahboobi and Mahad Sohail
110. Volutrauma, Barotrauma, and Biotrauma 279
Sohail K. Mahboobi and Joshua F. Bolanos
111. Management of Bronchospasm 281
Jeffery James Eapen and Jason Bang
112. Lung Transplantation 282
Yamah Amiri and Dinesh J. Kurian
Part 10: Cardiovascular System Anatomy
113. Normal Anatomy of Heart and Major Vessels 289
Marc Rodrigue and Subramanya Bandi
114. Echo Heart Anatomy 291
Christina Gibson and Matthew McConnell
115. Cardiac Catheterization 299
Virgilio de Gala and Iwan Sofjan
Part 11: Clinical Sciences
116. Ischemic Heart Disease 303
Daniel Ramirez Parga and Tatiana Jamroz
117. Coronary Artery Bypass Procedures 307
Andaleeb A. Ahmed
118. Valvular Heart Disease 311
Michael Morkos and Matthew McConnell
119. Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Prophylaxis 314
Melissa Anne Burger and Todd Everett Jones
120. Conduction Abnormalities and Rhythm Defects 317
Ellyn Gray and Archit Sharma
121. Pacemakers and Automated Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator (AICD) Implantation 320
Jayakar Guruswamy and Snigdha Parikh
122. Perioperative Implications of Pacemakers and AICDs 322
Jayakar Guruswamy and Snigdha Parikh
123. Ventricular Synchronization 325
Jayakar Guruswamy and Snigdha Parikh
124. Ablations, Cryotherapy, and Maze Procedure 327
Anna Moskal
125. Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy 331
Lovkesh L. Arora and Surangama Sharma
126. Systolic Versus Diastolic Dysfunction 333
Andaleeb A. Ahmed and Sohail K. Mahboobi
127. Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema 336
Benjamin Kloesel and Balazs Horvath
128. Pulmonary Hypertension 339
Frank Barrack and Bryan Noorda
129. Heart Transplantation
James Leonardi and Daniel Cormican
130. Cardiac Tamponade
Ravi K. Grandhi and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
131. Constrictive Pericarditis
Ravi K. Grandhi and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
132. Mechanical Circulatory Assist Devices
James Leonardi and Daniel Cormican
133. Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Kim Sung and Lovkesh L. Arora
134. Myocardial Preservation During Cardiac Surgery
Jay Trusheim and Marisa Pappas
135. Preconditioning
Mada Helou and Ryan Nazemian
136. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB)
Ryan Krebs and Joseph Sanders
137. Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (MIDCAB)
John K. Kim and Iwan Sofjan
138. Percutaneous Valve Repair/Replacement
Asif Neil Mohammed and Iordan Potchileev 139. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumps
Frank Barrack and Bryan Noorda 140. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
Morkos and Daniel Cormican
Priyanka H. Patel and Matthew McConnell
142. Pulmonary Embolism
Lovkesh L. Arora and Surangama Sharma 143. Pulmonary Edema
Sangini Punia and Lovkesh L. Arora
144. Hypertension
Kim Sung and Lovkesh L. Arora
145. Effect of Intracardiac Shunts on Inhalation
Elie Geara and Caroline Alhaddadin Part
Ravi K. Grandhi and Claire Joseph
Peripheral Arteriosclerotic Disease
Racha Tadros and Nasir Hussain 148. Aortic Aneurysms
Jarrod Bang and Lovkesh L. Arora
149. Advanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation:
Donnie Laborde
Part 13: Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Systems
150. Parenteral Nutrition 391
Mohamed Fayed and Arif Valliani
151. Morbid Obesity/Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery 393
Vincent Roth and Christopher Giordano
152. Postoperative Hepatic Dysfunction 395
Peter Nielson and Michael Kaufman
153. Liver Transplant Surgery 397
John Mattimore and Michael Kaufman
154. Anesthesia for Upper and Lower GI Endoscopy 400
Ethan H. Leer
Part 14: Renal and Urinary Systems/ Electrolyte Balance
155. Renal Anatomy 405
Erika Taco and Edward Noguera
156. Pathophysiology of Renal Disease 408
Erika Taco and Edward Noguera
157. Management in Renal Failure and Arteriovenous (AV) Shunts 412
Lacey Haugen and Jai Jani
158. Anesthetic Management of Kidney Transplantation 415
Mada Helou and Ryan Nazemian
159. Anesthesia for Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy 417
Alain Harb and Elie Geara
160. Perioperative Oliguria and Anuria 419
Brent Earls and Eellan Sivanesan
161. Dialysis and Hemofiltration 422
Michael J. Gyorfi and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
162. Pharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Renal Failure 424
Anureet Walia and Archit Sharma
163. Urologic Surgery 426
Allison K. Dalton
164. Perioperative Electrolyte Abnormalities 428
Brent Earls and Eellan Sivanesan
165. Fluid Therapy and Homeostasis 432
Miguel Rovira and Christopher Giordano
166. Fluid Balance During Surgery: The Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx 434
Charlotte Streetzel and Christopher Giordano
167. Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness and GoalDirected Therapies 437
Jacqueline Sohn and Connor McNamara
168. Esophageal Doppler 440
Roy Kim and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
169. Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate 442
Jacob Justinger and Soozan S. Abouhassan
Part 15: Hematologic System
170. Anemia 447
Victoria Shapiro and Heather Brosnan
171. Polycythemia 449
Victoria Shapiro and Heather Brosnan
172. Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytopathy 451
Victoria Shapiro and Michael Chang
173. Congenital and Acquired Factor Deficiencies 454
Meghan C. Hughes and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
174. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 456
Gretchen A. Lemmink and Jay Conhaim
175. Fibrinolysis 458
Colby B. Tanner and Elaine A. Boydston
176. Anticoagulants and Antagonists 461
Suhas Devangam and Gretchen A. Lemmink
177. Coagulopathy in Trauma Patients 463
Timothy Ford and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
178. Hemoglobinopathies and Porphyrias 465
Elizabeth Haynes and Nasir Hussain
179. Transfusion Indications and Reactions 468
Courtney L. Scott and Elaine A. Boydston
180. Complications of Transfusion 471
Courtney R. Jones and Maggie W. Mechlin
181. Transfusion Therapy for Massive Hemorrhage 473
Colby B. Tanner and Elaine A. Boydston
182. Transfusion Ratios 475
Albert Lee and Nathan Schulman
183. Use of Uncrossmatched Products 477
Christina Stachur
Part 16: Endocrine and Metabolic Systems
184. Anatomy of the Endocrine System 481
Ruzanna Nalbandyan and Nawal E. Ragheb-Mueller
185. Hypopituitary Disease 483
Ruzanna Nalbandyan and Nawal E. Ragheb-Mueller
186. Thyroid Gland 485
Evgenev Romanov and Edward Noguera
187. Parathyroid Disease 488
Karel T. S. Valenta and Kenneth S. Toth
188. Adrenal Disease 490
Allison K. Dalton
189. Carcinoid Syndrome
Sabrina S. Sam and Nawal E. Ragheb-Mueller
190. Diabetes Mellitus 496
Benjamin B. G. Mori and Piotr Al-Jindi
191. Pancreas Transplantation 499
Gorneva Maria and Tzonkov Anna
Part 17: Neuromuscular Diseases and Disorders
192. Multiple Sclerosis 503
Justin L. O’Farrell and Maxim S. Eckmann
193. Motor Neuron Diseases 505
Allison K. Dalton
194. Guillain-Barré Syndrome 507
Justin L. O’Farrell and Maxim S. Eckmann
195. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 509
Anthony Fritzler
196. Muscular Dystrophies 511
Maura C. Berkelhamer
197. Mitochondrial Myopathies 514
Maura C. Berkelhamer
198. Myasthenia Gravis 516
Michael Morkos and Daniel Cormican
199. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome 518
Sabrina S. Sam and Syena Sarrafpour
200. Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes 521
Sabrina S. Sam and Nawal E. Ragheb-Mueller
201. Ion Channel Myotonias, Myotonia Congenita, and Acquired Neuromyotonia 523
Meghan C. Hughes and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
202. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis 525
Brett Simmons and David Matteson
203. Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis 527
Brett Simmons and David Matteson
Part 18: Clinical Subspecialties
204. Painful Disease States 533
Timothy Rushmer and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
205. Cancer Pain 535
Kevin E. Vorenkamp and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
206. Acute and Chronic Neck and Low Back Pain 537
Richard Tennant and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
207. Neuropathic Pain States 540
Robert H. Jenkinson and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
208. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 542
Kim Mauer and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
209. Postherpetic Neuralgia 544
Alaa Abd-Elsayed and Kim Mauer
210. Phantom Limb Pain 546
Kim Mauer and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
211. Peripheral Neuropathies 547
Kim Mauer and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
212. Postoperative Epidural Analgesia 549
Timothy Rushmer and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
213. Neuraxial Opioids 551
Robert H. Jenkinson and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
214. Patient-Controlled Analgesia 553
Robert H. Jenkinson and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
215. Systemic Multimodal Analgesia 555
Richard Lennertz and Kristin Bevil
216. Continuous Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia 557
Brook Girma and Alan D. Kaye
217. Neurolytic and Nonneurolytic Blocks in Pain Management 559
Timothy Rushmer and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
218. World Health Organization (WHO) Analgesic Ladder 561
Robert H. Jenkinson and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
Part 19: Pediatric Anesthesia
219. Apparatus and Breathing Circuits 567
Jamie W. Sinton
220. Endotracheal Tube Selection 569
Balazs Horvath and Benjamin Kloesel
221. Warming Devices 572
Eric Brzozowski and Shelley Ohliger
222. Premedications 574
Natalie R. Barnett and Ilana R. Fromer
223. Agents, Techniques, and Mapleson Circuits 576
Jamie W. Sinton
224. Induction Techniques 578
Sadiq S. Shaik and Lydia C. Boyette
225. Anesthetic Actions Different From Adults 580
Christopher O. Fadumiye
226. Drug Toxicities Preferentially Occurring in Children 582
Caylynn Yao and Elisha Peterson
227. Opioid Dosing and Sensitivity—Pediatrics 584
Rewais B. Hanna and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
228. Neuromuscular Blockers 586
Harsh Nathani and Chike Gwam
229. Regional Anesthesia 588
Cassandra Hoffmann and Tiffany Frazee
230. Fluid Therapy and Blood Replacement 590
Iana Bilga and Anna Tzonkov
231. NPO Guidelines for Pediatric Patients 592
Jonathan W. Klein
232. Problems in Intubation and Extubation 593
Balazs Horvath and Benjamin Kloesel
233. Neonatal Physiology 598
Nupur Dua and Ilana R. Fromer
234. Cardiovascular System 601
Bilga Iana and Chike Gwam
235. Metabolism, Fluid Distribution, and Renal Function 603
Elizabeth Kremen and Sahel Keshavarzi
236. Thermal Regulation 605
David Bennett and Shelley Ohliger
237. Fetal Hemoglobin 607
Alex Y. Chung and Dominic S. Carollo
238. Prematurity 610
Michael J. Gyorfi and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
239. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 612
Jonathan W. Klein
240. Congenital Heart and Major Vascular Disease 613
Jamie W. Sinton
241. Cyanotic Defects 616
Jamie W. Sinton
242. Acyanotic Defects 618
Jamie W. Sinton
243. Pulmonary Hypertension 621
Benjamin Kloesel and Balazs Horvath
244. Major Vascular Malformations 624
Benjamin Kloesel and Balazs Horvath
245. Altered Uptake/Distribution of Intravenous and Inhalation Anesthetics 627
Jamie W. Sinton
246. Cardiac Surgery: Corrective and Palliative 630
Jamie W. Sinton
247. Noncardiac Surgery 633
Jamie W. Sinton
248. Chronic Congenital Heart Disease 635
Jamie W. Sinton
249. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 639
Cassandra Wasson and Christina D. Diaz
250. Tracheoesophageal Fistula 642
Cassandra Wasson and Christina D. Diaz
251. Neonatal Lobar Emphysema 644
Jamie W. Sinton
252. Pyloric Stenosis 646
Mariam Batakji and Christina D. Diaz
253. Necrotizing Enterocolitis 648
Cassandra Wasson and Christina D. Diaz
254. Omphalocele and Gastroschisis 651
Rami Edward Karroum
255. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome 653
Harsh Nathani and Chike Gwam
256. Respiratory Distress Syndrome 655
Jamie W. Sinton
257. Myelomeningocele 657
Rami Edward Karroum
258. Pneumo-, Hemo-, and Chylothoraces 660
Michael J. Gyorfi and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
259. Upper Respiratory Infections (Colds, Epiglottitis, Laryngotracheobronchitis), Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Cystic Fibrosis 662
Irim Salik and Ashley Kelley
260. Musculoskeletal Disease 665
Jamie W. Sinton
261. Hydrocephalus 667
Jamie W. Sinton
262. Developmental Delay, Autism, and Cerebral Palsy 669
Maura C. Berkelhamer
263. Childhood Obesity 672
Irim Salik
264. Skeletal Abnormalities in Children 674
Gina Montone and Jonathan Adams
265. Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) and VATER Association 676
Mariam Batakji and Christina D. Diaz
266. Chromosomal Abnormalities and Other Common Pediatric Syndromes 678
Mariam Batakji and Christina D. Diaz
267. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 681
Anthony Fritzler
268. Malignant Hyperthermia in Children 683
Narbeh Edjiu and Howard B. Gutstein
Part 20: Anesthetic Implications for Common Nonneonatal Pediatric Subspecialty Surgery
269. Otolaryngology 689
Timothy Ford and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
270. Neurosurgery 692
Itamar Latin and Kasia Rubin
271. Thoracic Surgery 694
Alina Lazar
272. General and Urologic Surgery 696
Arif Valliani and Nimesh Patel
273. Orthopedic Surgery 698
Alina Lazar
274. Anesthesia for Pediatric Ophthalmologic Surgeries 700
Nupur Dua and Wendy Nguyen
275. Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery 704
Megan Rodgers McCormick
276. Systemic Medications and Routes of Administration: Multimodal Analgesia 707
Samiya L. Saklayen and Thomas Graul
277. Regional Techniques 709
Alina Lazar
278. Pediatric Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting 711
Lisgelia Santana
279. Pediatric Sedation 713
Kasia Rubin
280. Pediatric Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room 715
Hannah Masters and Christina D. Diaz
Part 21: Obstetric Anesthesia
281. Maternal Physiology 721
Nimit K. Shah and Piotr Al-Jindi
282. Placenta 723
Roneisha McLendon
283. Drugs and Adjuvants 725
M. Anthony Cometa and Jordan Thompson
284. Oxytocic Drugs 727
Piotr Al-Jindi and Nimit K. Shah
285. Tocolytic Drugs 729
Piotr Al-Jindi and Bethany Potere
286. Mechanisms of Placental Transfer and Placental Transfer of Specific Drugs 731
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
287. Fetal Disposition of Drugs 733
Afshin Heidari and Ben Aquino
288. Drug Effects on the Newborn 735
Ben Aquino
289. Amniotic Fluid 737
James Urness and Ami Attali
290. Labor Analgesia 739
Ifomachukwu Uzodinma and Piotr Al-Jindi
291. Systemic Medications 742
Ifomachukwu Uzodinma and Piotr Al-Jindi
292. Other Blocks 744
Mark L. Stram
293. Complications of Obstetric Anesthesia 747
Peter Lampert and Kristopher M. Schroeder
294. Physiology of Labor 750
Nwadiogo Ejiogu and Barbara Orlando
295. Influence of Anesthetic Technique on Labor 752
Mary J. Im and Ihab Kamel
296. Cesarean Section 754
Piotr Al-Jindi and Ami Attali
297. Anesthesia for Cerclage or Nonobstetric Surgery 756
Rowaa Ibrahim and Ami Attali
298. Ectopic Pregnancy 758
Edward Noguera
299. Spontaneous Abortion 760
Joshua D. Younger and Monica Prasad
300. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 761
Joshua D. Younger
301. Autoimmune Disorders 763
Anuschka Bhatia and Kevin W. Chung
302. Endocrine Disorders 766
Eric P. Zhou and Kevin W. Chung
303. Heart Disease 768
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
304. Hematologic Disorders 771
Benjamin M. Hyers and Kevin W. Chung
305. Hypertension 774
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
306. Neurologic Disorders 776
Katrina Brakoniecki and Kevin W. Chung
307. Respiratory Disorders 778
Devin O’Conor and Kevin W. Chung
308. Renal Changes in Pregnancy 780
Jarna Shah
309. Fetal Monitoring 782
Shuchi Jain and Joshua D. Younger
310. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia 785
Alina Genis
311. Supine Hypotensive Syndrome 787
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
312. Aspiration of Gastric Contents 788
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
313. Embolic Disorders 791
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
314. Antepartum Hemorrhage 793
Mary J. Im and Ihab Kamel
315. Postpartum Hemorrhage 795
Mary J. Im and Ihab Kamel
316. Cord Prolapse 797
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
317. Retained Placenta 799
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
318. Dystocia, Malposition, and Malpresentation 801
Diana Feinstein and Daniella Miele
319. Maternal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 803
Steven Zhou and Nasir Hussain
320. Fever and Infection 805
Helen Pappas and Elizabeth Lange
321. Preterm Labor 807
Erika Taco and Kevin Spencer
322. Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery 809
Piotr Al-Jindi and Nasir Hussain
323. Multiple Gestation 811
Steven Knoblock and Joshua D. Younger
324. Neonatal Resuscitation 813
Irim Salik and Tara Doherty
325. Apgar Scoring 817
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed and Ihab Kamel
326. Umbilical Cord Blood Gas 819
Pritee Tarwade and Christine Acho
327. Intrauterine Surgery 821
Jarna Shah
328. Anesthetic Considerations in Breastfeeding 822
Lora B. Levin and Jeffrey W. Cannon
Part 22: Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
Anesthesia
329. Airway Endoscopy, Microlaryngeal Surgery, and Laser Surgery 827
Rotem Naftalovich and James Schiffenhaus
330. Hazards and Complications 829
Rotem Naftalovich and Manan Nimish Shah
331. Intraoperative Thyroid and Parathyroid Function Monitoring 831
Kelsey E. Lacourrege and Alan D. Kaye
332. Nerve Injury Monitoring During ENT Surgery 832
Garrett W. Burnett
Part 23: Miscellaneous
333. Liposuction 837
Alexandra N. Cole and Balram Sharma
334. Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery 838
Maria F. Ramirez and J. P. Cata
335. Ophthalmologic Anesthesia 841
Camila Teixeira and Steven Minear
336. Orthopedic Anesthesia: Tourniquet Management, Complications of Orthopedic Surgery, Regional Versus General Anesthesia 843
Alberto Thomas and Jason Bang
337. Anesthesia for the Trauma Patient 845
Alexander Rothkrug and Karim Fikry
338. Anesthesia for MRI 848
Adi Cosic and Soozan S. Abouhassan
339. Hemorrhagic Shock 850
Colby B. Tanner and Elaine A. Boydston
340. Management of Traumatic Brain Injury 852
Bharathram Vasudevan and Ned F. Nasr
341. Mass Casualty Events 854
Ashok Kumar Manepalli and Stacey Watt
342. Chemical and Biological Warfare 857
Cassian Horoszczak and Stacey Watt
343. Anesthesia for Outpatient Surgery 860
M. Anthony Cometa and Christopher Giordano
344. Patient Selection and Preoperative Management 862
Anna Moskal
345. Discharge Criteria and Postoperative Follow-up 865
Matthew T. Connolly and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
346. Office-Based Anesthesia (OBA) 867
Afshin Heidari and Ben Aquino
347. Geriatrics 869
Maggie W. Mechlin and Courtney R. Jones
348. Pharmacological Implications: Effect of Inhalational Agents on All Organs 871
Dillon Tinevez and Jai Jani
349. Shock States 873
Nikki Eden and Shobana Rajan
350. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome 877
Maria Gorneva and Anna Tzonkov
351. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 879
Peter Shehata and Wael Ali Sakr Esa
352. Prescription Medication Overdose 880
Peter Huynh and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
353. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 882
Ben Aquino
354. Drowning 884
Derek Brady Covington and Christopher Giordano
355. Infection Control 886
David Jury and Edward Noguera
356. Needle-Stick Injury 889
Ramsey Saad and Joseph Salama Hanna
357. Intravascular Catheter and Urinary Catheter Infections 892
Zhe Ma and Kevin W. Chung
358. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia 894
Robert M. Owen and Kevin W. Chung
359. Antimicrobials 896
Mo Shirur and Kevin W. Chung
360. Mechanical Ventilation 898
Mena Abdelmalak and Kevin W. Chung
361. Postoperative Headache 901
Feroz Osmani and Kevin W. Chung
Part 24: Special Problems in Anesthesiology
362. Electroconvulsive Therapy 905
Garrett W. Burnett
363. Organ Donors and Procurement 908
Michael J. Gyorfi and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
364. Brain Death 910
Shahla Siddiqui
365. Radiological Procedures 911
Shahla Siddiqui
366. Ethics, Practice Management, Professionalism, and Medicolegal Issues 913
Shahla Siddiqui
367. Ethics: Advance Directives/Do Not Resuscitate Orders 914
Shahla Siddiqui
368. Malpractice 916
Priyanka Ghosh
369. Initial Certification, Recertification, Maintenance of Certification, and Related Issues 917
Katya H. Chiong and Soozan S. Abouhassan
370. Costs of Medical/Anesthesia Care and Operating Room Management 920
Evan E. Lebovitz and Mitchell H. Tsai
371. Definitions 921
Joseph Salama Hanna and Ramsey Saad
372. Medication Errors: Assessment and Prevention 923
Joseph Salama Hanna and Ramsey Saad
373. Reporting: Mandatory and Voluntary Systems, Legal Requirements, Anesthesia Quality Institute, and Physician Quality Reporting System 924
Ramsey Saad and Joseph Salama Hanna
374. Safety Practices 926
Ramsey Saad and Joseph Salama Hanna
375. Root Cause Analysis 928
Luis Tueme and Nawal E. Ragheb-Mueller
376. Crisis Management and Teamwork 929
Mollie K. Lagrew and Christopher Giordano
377. Quality Improvement 931
Joseph J. McComb and Corinne K. Wong
378. Six Sigma and Lean Operations for the Anesthesiologist 933
Caitlin N. Curcuru and Dinesh J. Kurian
379. Barriers to Quality Improvement 935
Ramsey Saad and Joseph Salama Hanna
380. Federal Regulatory Requirements and Quality Payment Programs 936
Ramsey Saad and Joseph Salama Hanna Index 939
CONTRIBUTORS
Rany T. Abdallah, MD, PhD, MBA Center for Interventional Pain and Spine Milford, DE, USA
Mena Abdelmalak, MD, MBF Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
Alaa Abd-Elsayed, MD, MPH, FASA
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology Medical Director, UW Health Pain Services University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Soozan S. Abouhassan, MD, FASA
Assistant Professor, Division Chief General Anesthesia University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Christine Acho, DO
Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jonathan Adams, MD Department of Anesthesiology Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Deepak Agarwal, MBBS, MD Staff Anesthesiologist Department of Anesthesiology
HSHS St. John’s Hospital Springfield, IL, USA
Andaleeb A. Ahmed, MBBS, MPH Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology
Tufts University School of Medicine Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed, MBBS, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Clinical Anesthesiology
Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
Rohit Aiyer, MD
Assistant Professor - Staff Physician Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Abayomi Akintorin, MD Cook County Health Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Thomas Alberto, MD
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Cook County Health and Hospital Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Erica Alcibiade, DO Department of Anesthesiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
Anthony Alexander, MBBS Department of Anesthesiology Cook County Health and Hospital Systems University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
Caroline Alhaddadin, MBBS
Department of Anesthesia and Pediatric University Hospitals/ Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
Piotr Al-Jindi, MD
Anesthesiology Program Director Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Cook County Health Chicago, IL, USA
Kenan Alkhalili, MD
Department of Anesthesia Cook County Health and Hospital Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Yamah Amiri, MBBS
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
Ben Aquino, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA
Lovkesh L. Arora, MBBS, MD, FASA
Clinical Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Iowa Health Care Iowa City, IA, USA
Ami Attali, DO
Division Chief Obstetrical High Risk Anesthesiology, Medical Director High Risk Obstetrical Optimization Clinics
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine
Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Subramanya Bandi, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Jarrod Bang, MD
Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Department of Anesthesia University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
Jason Bang, MD
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Cook County Health and Hospital Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Natalie R. Barnett, MD
Icahn School of Medicine
New York, NY, USA
Frank Barrack, MD
Allegheny Health Network Anesthesia Residency Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Mariam Batakji, MD
Pediatric Anesthesiology
Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology
Medical College of Wisconsin Milwakee, WI, USA
David Bennett, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland, OH, USA
Maura C. Berkelhamer, MD
Director, Pediatric Perioperative Medicine
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospital Case Medical Center
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Cleveland, OH, USA
Kristin Bevil, MS
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
Anuschka Bhatia, MD
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
Callan Bialorucki, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
Scott Blaine, DO
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
Joshua F. Bolanos, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Beth Israel Lahey Health Burlington, MA, USA
Elaine A. Boydston, MD
Assistance Clinical Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
Lydia C. Boyette, DO, MBA, CA-1, PGY-2
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
Phillip G. Boysen, MD, MBA Professor Department of Anesthesiology
University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MI, USA
Katrina Brakoniecki, MD, MSc
Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Department of Anesthesiology
Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford, CT, USA
Jordan Brewer, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
Heather Brosnan, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College Valhalla, NY, USA
Anna-Kaye Brown, DO
Department of Anesthesiology
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Eric Brzozowski, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Timothy T. Bui, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
Melissa Anne Burger, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery
University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
Garrett W. Burnett, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
Jeffrey W. Cannon, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
Dominic S. Carollo, MD
Senior Staff Anesthesiologist and Senior Lecturer
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Ochsner Healthcare System
New Orleans, LA, USA
J. P. Cata
Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group Houston, TX, USA
Michael Chang, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, NY, USA
Katya H. Chiong, MD, FASA
Assistant Professor and Senior Attending Physician
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH, USA
Heather Christopherson, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Central Florida/HCA GME Consortium, Orlando
Ocala Health, Florida Ocala, FL, USA
Alex Y. Chung, MD
Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesia
Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
Kevin W. Chung, MD
Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
Alexandra N. Cole, MD
Department of Anesthesia Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
Gabriel M. Coleman, BSc Physician
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
M. Anthony Cometa, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
Jay Conhaim, MD Department of Anesthesiology University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
Matthew T. Connolly, MD Cardiologist
Orthopaedic Hospital of Wisconsin-Glendale, USA
Dillon B. Coplai, MD Department of Anesthesia Lahey Clinic Burlington, MA, USA
Daniel Cormican, MD
Attending Anesthesiologist and Intensivist Department of Anesthesiology Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Elyse M. Cornett, PhD
Assistant Professor and Director of Research Department of Anesthesiology LSU Health Shreveport Shreveport, LA, USA
Adi Cosic, DO Department of Anesthesiology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Derek Brady Covington, MD Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
Dane Coyne, MD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland, OH, USA
Ettore Crimi, MD
Associate Professor - Program Director Anesthesiology Residency Program Department of Anesthesiology University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
Caitlin N. Curcuru, MD Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
Timothy Cutler, DO Department of Family Medicine
Firelands Regional Medical Center Sandusky, OH, USA
Al-Awwab Mohammad Dabaliz, MD, MBBS Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Allison K. Dalton, MD
Associate Professor, Director of Anesthesia Critical Care
Associate Chairman of Education Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
Evan Davidson, MD
Department of Anesthesiology University of Central Florida/HCA GME Consortium, Orlando
Ocala Health Florida Ocala, FL, USA
Mark Dearden, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
Virgilio de Gala, MD Anesthesiologist Department of Anesthesiology Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, NY, USA
Daniel Denis, DO Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
Rutgers–New Jersey Medical School Newark, NJ, USA
Suhas Devangam, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
Christina D. Diaz, MD, FASA, FAAP
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Medical College of Medicine/ Children’s Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
Tara Doherty, DO
Pediatric Anesthesiology
New York Medical College Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital
Westchester Medical Center New York, NY, USA
Nupur Dua, MBBS, MD
Department of Anesthesiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
Jeffery James Eapen, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Cook County Health Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Brent Earls, MD
Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
Maxim S. Eckmann, MD
University of the Incarnate Word School of Medicine San Antonio TX, USA Vice Chairman, Clinical Research Department of Anesthesiology UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA
Nikki Eden, DO Cook County Health Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Narbeh Edjiu, MD
Department of Anesthesiology Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Nwadiogo Ejiogu, MD
OB Anesthesia
St. Luke’s and Mount Sinai West Hospitals New York, NY, USA
Steven Ethier, DO
Staff Anesthesiologist Department of Anesthesiology
William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, MI, USA
Christopher O. Fadumiye, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
Mohamed Fayed, MD, MSc Department of Anesthesiology
Henry Ford Health system Detroit, MI, USA
Diana Feinstein, DO
Assistant Professor
Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
Kris Ferguson, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medical School Regional Campuses, Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Interventional Pain Management Aspirus Health System Antigo, WI, USA
Karim Fikry, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesia Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
James Flaherty, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
Timothy F. Flanagan, MD
Clinical Associate Department of Anesthesiology
Beth Israel Lahey Health Burlington, MA, USA
Timothy Ford, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison, WI, USA
Patrick Forrest, MD
Senior Staff Physician
Department of Anesthesiology
Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Tiffany Frazee, MD
Assistant Professor and Division Chief
Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Cleveland, OH, USA
Anthony Fritzler, MD, FASA
Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Akron Children’s Hospital Akron, OH, USA
Ilana R. Fromer, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology University of Minnesota
Elie Geara, MD
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Alina Genis, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
NYMC at Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, NY, USA
Shelley George, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Clinical Assistant Professor (Adjunct), Anesthesiology Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
Mary Ghaly, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Priyanka Ghosh, MD
Remedy Medical Group San Francisco, CA, USA
Christina Gibson, DO Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Christopher Giordano, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
Brook Girma, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Louisiana State University School of Medicine
Shreveport, LA, USA
Feodor J. Gloss, DO
Cook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago, IL, USA
Vicko Gluncic, MD, PhD
Department Chair and System Chair for Anesthesia - Sinai Health System
Department of Anesthesiology
Mount Sinai Hospital - Sinai Health System Chicago, IL, USA
Maria Gorneva, MD
Cook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago, IL, USA
Ravi K. Grandhi, MD, MBA
Medical Director
Department of Anesthesiology
Nazareth Hospital Philadelphia, PA, USA
Thomas Graul, DO
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
Ellyn Gray, MD
Department of Anesthesia
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA, USA
Matthew Gunst, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, FL, USA
Jayakar Guruswamy, MBBS, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine
Henry Ford Health System
Detroit, MI, USA
Howard B. Gutstein, MD
Vice Chair, Research
Academic Officer
Anesthesiology Institute
Allegheny Health Network
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Chike Gwam, MBBS
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology Cook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago, IL, USA
Michael J. Gyorfi, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
The University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
Florian Hackl, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesia Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
Joseph Salama Hanna, MD
Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine Staff, Clinical Assistant Professor Wayne State University School of Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine
Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Rewais B. Hanna, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
Alain Harb, MD
Pediatric Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Brian Harris, MD
Department of Sleep Medicine UCLA
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Ellen Hauck, DO, PhD
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
Lacey Haugen, DO
Cardiothoracic
Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Cleveland Clinic Main Campus Cleveland, OH, US
Elizabeth Haynes, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
Afshin Heidari, MD
Anesthesiologist and Interventional Pain Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
Mada Helou, MD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Program Director for Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology and Preoperative Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Sarah Helwege, DO
Visiting Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City, IA, USA
Bryan J. Hierlmeier, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS, USA
Cassandra Hoffmann, MD
Assistant Professor, Director Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Cleveland, OH, USA
Cassian Horoszczak, MD Department of Anesthesiology University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
Balazs Horvath, MD, FASA
Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
Meghan C. Hughes, MD, MPH
Department of Family Medicine
Aspirus Hospital Wausau, WI, USA
Kevin Hui, MD
Department of Anesthesiology Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, NY, US
Nasir Hussain, MD, MSc
Department of Anesthesiology
The Ohio State University
Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
Peter Huynh, MD
Benjamin M. Hyers, MD
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY, USA
Bilga Iana, MD
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Cook County Health and Hospital System Chicago, IL, USA
Rowaa Ibrahim, MD
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine
Henry Ford Health Systems Detroit, MI, USA
Mary J. Im, MD, MPH
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
Shuchi Jain, DO
Department of Anesthesiology
Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Dominika James, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Tatiana Jamroz, MD
Section Head, Cardiac Division
Department of Anesthesiology
Cleveland Clinic Florida Weston, FL, USA
Jai Jani, BMedSci, BMBS
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
Robert H. Jenkinson, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Theodore Jeske, DO
Department of Anesthesiology
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
Federico Jimenez-Ruiz, MD
Department of Anesthesiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
Courtney R. Jones, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
Todd Everett Jones, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
Claire Joseph, DO
Attending Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management; Division of Cardiac Anesthesia
Maimonides Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York, USA
Maryam Jowza, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
David Jury, MD, MS
Staff Intensivist and Anesthesiologist, Clinical Assistant Professor, CCLCM
Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Anesthesia Institute
Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, OH, USA
Jacob Justinger, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/ Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
Ihab Kamel, MD, MEHP, FASA
Professor, Vice Chair for Education Department of Anesthesiology Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
Katarina Kapisoda, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Central Florida/HCA GME Consortium, Orlando
Ocala Health Florida Ocala, FL, USA
Daniel Gonzalez Kapp, PharmD, BCOP, BCPS
UW Health Madison, WI, USA
Rami Edward Karroum, MD
Staff Anesthesiologist, Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Pediatric Anesthesia Akron Children’s Hospital Akron, OH, USA
Michael Kaufman, MD, FASA
Assistant Clinical Professor and Interim Chair, Director of Transplant Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management
Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
Alan D. Kaye, MD, PhD
Provost, Vice Chancellor of Academic Affairs, Chief
Academic Officer, Professor, Director
Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA, USA
Ashley Kelley, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology
Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, NY, USA
Sahel Keshavarzi, MD
Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center
Chicago, IL, USA
John K. Kim, MD
Attending Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology
North Shore University Hospital Manhasset, NY, USA
Roy Kim, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
Jonathan W. Klein, DO, FAOCA, DAOBA
Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
Akron Children’s Hospital Akron, OH, USA
Vice-Chairman of the American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology
Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery, NEOMED Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
Lisa Klesius, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Madison, WI, USA
Benjamin Kloesel, MD, MSBS
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
Nebojsa Nick Knezevic, MD, PhD
Vice Chair for Research and Education
Department of Anesthesiology Pain Management
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
Steven Knoblock, CRNA
Nurse Anesthetist
Department of Anesthesia
Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Ryan Krebs, DO
Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Elizabeth Kremen, MBBS Department of Anesthesiology Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
Dinesh J. Kurian, MD, MBA Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
Donnie Laborde, DC, FACO
American Heart Association Instructor Shreveport, LA, USA
Kelsey E. Lacourrege, BS, MD, MPH School of Medicine
Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans New Orleans, LA, USA
Peter Lampert, MD
Department of Anesthesiology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
Elizabeth Lange, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
Dustin Latimer, MD Department of Internal Medicine LSU Health Shreveport Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Itamar Latin, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI, USA
Alina Lazar, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
Evan E. Lebovitz, MD, MBA
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Albert Lee, MD
Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine Physician Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA
Ethan H. Leer, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, New York, USA
Gretchen A. Lemmink, MD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
Richard Lennertz, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology University of Wisconsin—Madison Madison, WI, USA
James Leonardi, MD
Department of Anesthesiology Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Adam Lepkowsky, MD
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
Lora B. Levin, MD
Chief, Obstetric Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Samuel Linares, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management
Cook County Health Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Zhe Ma, MD
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY, USA
Sarah Maben, MD
Staff Intensivist and Anesthesiologist Department of Anesthesiology Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
Sohail K. Mahboobi, MD, FASA
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
Ashok Kumar, MD
Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
Mollie K. Lagrew, MD
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
Neisaliz Marrero-Figueroa, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Central Florida/HCA GME Consortium, Orlando Ocala Health, FL, USA
Hannah Masters, MD
Anesthesiology
Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals Milwaukee, WI, USA
David Matteson, MD, MS
Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
John Mattimore, MD
Staff Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management
Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
Kim Mauer, MD
Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology
Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
Joseph J. McComb, DO, MBA
Vice Chair, Quality and Performance Improvement Department of Anesthesiology
Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
Matthew McConnell, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Allegheny General Hospital Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Megan Rodgers McCormick, DO
Physician, Pediatric Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Cleveland, OH, USA
Lauren McGinty, PharmD, BCOP
Clinical Hematology and Oncology Pharmacist Department of Pharmacy
UW Health—University Hospital Madison, WI, USA
Roneisha McLendon, MD, MS
Obstetric Anesthesiologist, Associate Program Director Department of Anesthesiology Ochsner Health
New Orleans, LA, USA
Michelle McMaster, BSN, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Lewis Katz School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
Connor McNamara, MD, MS
Assistant Professor, Critical Care Anesthesiology; Program Director, Critical Care Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
Maggie W. Mechlin, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
Justin Merkow, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesia University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
Daniella Miele, DO
Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Temple University Hospital Philadelphia, PA, USA
Steven Minear, MD
Associate Professor Department of Anesthesia Cleveland Clinic Florida Reston, FL, USA
Asif Neil Mohammed, MD Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Miami Coral Gables, FL, USA
Sarah Money, MD Associate Professor Department of Pain Division Henry Ford Health System Detroiy, MI, USA
Gina Montone, MD Department of Anesthesiology Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Benjamin B. G. Mori, MD Department of Anesthesia Cool County Health Chicago, IL, USA
Michael Morkos, MD Department of Anesthesiology Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Anna Moskal Department of Anesthesiology Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
Maria E. Munoz-Allen, MD
Associate Professor Clinical Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology Temple University Hospital Philadelphia, PA, USA
Rotem Naftalovich, MD, MBA
Assistant Professor, Head of Neurosurgical Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology
Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School
Newark, NJ, USA
Ruzanna Nalbandyan, MD Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology Grand Strand Medical Center Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
Syed Sohaib Nasim, MD Department of Anesthesiology Cleveland Clinic Florida Weston, FL, USA
Ned F. Nasr, MD Vice Chairman
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Cook County Health and Hospital Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Harsh Nathani, MBChB
Cook County Health Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Ryan Nazemian, MD, PhD
PhD candidate in Clinical Translational Science program
Anesthesiology and Preoperative Medicine
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University
Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
Greta Nemergut, PharmD Clinical Pharmacist
UW Health Department of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Madison, WI, USA
Patrick Newman, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MI, USA
Wendy Nguyen, MD, M Ed
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
Peter Nielson, MD
Clinical Associate
Department of Anesthesiology
Lahey Hospital and Medical Center
Burlington, MA, USA
Edward Noguera, MD
Lahey Clinic
Anesthesiologist/Intensivist
Medical Director SICU/CVICU
Cleveland Clinic Florida Weston, FL, USA
Bryan Noorda, MD
Anesthesia Residency
Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Adambeke Nwozuzu, MD, MHS
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Central Florida/HCA GME Consortium, Orlando
Ocala Health, Florida Ocala, FL, USA
Devin O’Conor, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY, USA
Justin L. O’Farrell, BS
School of Medicine
University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine
San Antonio, TX, USA
Shelley Ohliger, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University Hospitals/Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital Cleveland, OH, USA
Barbara Orlando, MD, PhD
OB Anesthesia Attending St. Luke’s and Mount Sinai West Hospitals New York, NY, USA
Feroz Osmani, MD
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY, USA
Robert M. Owen, MD
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY, USA
Peter Papapetrou, MD Physician
Department of Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management
Altru Health System
Grand Forks, ND, USA
Helen Pappas, MD, FASA
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
Marisa Pappas, MD
Cardiac Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology VA
New Orleans, LA, USA
Daniel Ramirez Parga, MD Department of Anesthesiology
Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, NY, USA
Snigdha Parikh, DO
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine
Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
Nicholas M. Parker, PharmD, RPh, CNSC
Clinical Pharmacist
Surgery and Surgical Nutrition Support
UW Health
Madison, WI, USA
Nimesh Patel, MD, BSc (Hons)
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine
Henry Ford Health System Detroit,MI, USA
Priyanka H. Patel, DO Department of Anesthesiology
Allegheny General Hospital Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Ravi Patel, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Miami Hospital and Jackson Memorial Hospital Miami, FL, USA
Elisha Peterson, MD, FAAP, FASA
Assistant Professor
Division of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine
Children’s National Hospital Washington, DC, USA
Andrew Pfaff, MD Physician
Department of Anesthesiology Ascension St. Vincent Evansville,IN, USA
Bethany Potere, MD, MSc Department of Anesthesiology Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio, USA
Amit Prabhakar, MD, MS
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Division of Critical Care Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
Monica Prasad, B.S in Biochemical Engineering Medical Doctor
Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA
Keth Pride, MD Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain University of Wisconsin hospital and clinics Madison, WI, USA
Sangini Punia, MBBS
Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesia University of Iowa Health Care Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA, USA
Nawal E. Ragheb-Mueller, DO, PhD, MPH, FASA
Attending Physician
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Cook County Hospital and Health Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Abed Rahman, MD Cook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago, IL, USA
Syed A. Rahman, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain management
John H Stroger hospital of Cook County Health Systems Chicago, IL, USA
Shobana Rajan, MD
Anesthesiology Institute Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Maria F. Ramirez, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA
Adnan Raslan, MD Department of Anesthesiology
Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
Harsh Rawal, MD
Academic Hospitalist Department of Internal Medicine
University of Connecticut Hartford, CT, USA
Dmitry Roberman, DO Anesthesiologist
Department of Anesthesiology
Temple University Health System Philadelphia, PA, USA
Hess Robertson, MD
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Mississippi Medical School Jackson, MS, USA
Marc Rodrigue, DO Department of Anesthesiology Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Evgeny Romanov, MD Lahey Clinic Burlington, MA, USA
Vincent Roth, MD Department of Anesthesiology University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
Alexander Rothkrug, MD Clinical Associate
Department of Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Medicine
Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, MA, USA
