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Constructing a More Scientific Economics

John Tomer’s Pluralistic and Humanistic Economics

Edited by Morris Altman

PalgraveAdvancesinBehavioralEconomics

SeriesEditor

JohnTomer,Co-Editor,JournalofSocio-Economics,Manhattan College,Riverdale,NY,USA

Thisgroundbreakingseriesisdesignedtomakeavailableinbook formuniquebehavioraleconomiccontributions.Itprovidesapublishing opportunityforbehavioraleconomistauthorswhohaveanovelperspectiveandhavedevelopedaspecialabilitytointegrateeconomicswith otherdisciplines.Itwillallowtheseauthorstofullydeveloptheirideas. Ingeneral,itisnotaplacefornarrowtechnicalcontributions.Theoretical/conceptual,empirical,andpolicycontributionsareallwelcome.

Moreinformationaboutthisseriesat https://link.springer.com/bookseries/14720

MorrisAltman Editor

ConstructingaMore ScientiﬁcEconomics

JohnTomer’sPluralisticandHumanistic Economics

Editor MorrisAltman

UniversityofDundee

Dundee,UK

ISSN2662-3846ISSN2662-3854(electronic) PalgraveAdvancesinBehavioralEconomics

ISBN978-3-030-83927-7ISBN978-3-030-83928-4(eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83928-4

©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringer NatureSwitzerlandAG2022

Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythe Publisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,speciﬁcallytherights oftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductionon microﬁlmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageand retrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.

Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc. inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspeciﬁcstatement,thatsuch namesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreefor generaluse.

Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neither thepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmaps andinstitutionalafﬁliations.

ThisPalgraveMacmillanimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNature SwitzerlandAG

Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland

ToJohnTomerourdearfriendandcolleague

NotesonContributors

MorrisAltman isChairProfessorofBehaviouralandInstitutional Economics,andCo-operativesandDean,UniversityofDundeeSchoolof Business,UniversityofDundee,Dundee,Scotland,UnitedKingdom.He isalsoanEmeritusProfessorattheUniversityofSaskatchewan,Canada. Heiswidelypublishedinbehavioralandinstitutionaleconomics,theories oftheﬁrm,andeconomichistory.

HannahJosephaRachelAltman holdsaB.Com.,BHS,M.Phil.and isintheﬁnalstagesofherPh.D.inbehavioralsportseconomicsat theQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyBusinessSchool(QUT)in Brisbane,Australia,underthesupervisionofBennoTorglerandRob Robergs.Shepridesherselfwithreal-worldmotivatedresearchthatstems from10yearsofinternationalﬁtnessindustryexperience.

GerritAntonides isEmeritusProfessorofEconomicsofConsumers andHouseholdsatWageningenUniversity,TheNetherlands.Hehas publishedresearchpapersandtextbooksintheareasofeconomic psychology,consumerbehavior,andbehavioraleconomics.

RobertAshford isProfessorofLawatSyracuseUniversity,Collegeof Law.HeholdsaJ.D.withhonorsfromHarvardLawSchoolandaB.A. inPhysicsandEnglishliterature,graduatingﬁrst-in-classattheUniversityofSouthFlorida.HewasaWoodrowWilsonFellowatStanford University.HeisamemberoftheAmericanLawInstituteandleading authorityoninclusivecapitalismandsocio-economics.Hispublications

includescholarshiponbanking,corporateﬁnance,democracy,ethics,the historyofeconomicthought,inclusivecapitalism,andtaxlaw.Hisscholarshiphasbeencitedbystateandfederalcourts,includingtheUnited StatesSupremeCourt.

AndreaH.Beller isProfessorEmeritaintheDepartmentofAgriculturalandConsumerEconomicsattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbanaChampaign,whereshetaughtundergraduateandgraduatestudentsfor 35years.ShereceivedherPh.D.inEconomicsfromColumbiaUniversityandwasawardedtheSeniorFacultyAwardforExcellenceinResearch fromherCollegeattheUniversityofIllinois.Shehaspublishednumerous widelycitedarticlesongenderandracialdifferentialsinthelabor market,livinginsingle-parentfamiliesandchildren’soutcomes,andthe economicsofchildsupport,onwhichshealsoco-authoredabookwith YaleUniversityPress.

JohnB.Davis isProfessorEmeritusofEconomics,MarquetteUniversity, USA,andProfessorEmeritusofEconomics,UniversityofAmsterdam, TheNetherlands,andistheauthorof Keynes’sPhilosophicalDevelopment (Cambridge,1994),TheTheoryoftheIndividualinEconomics (Routledge,2003), IndividualsandIdentityinEconomics (Cambridge,2011), co-authorwithMarcelBoumansof EconomicMethodology:Understanding EconomicsasaScience (PalgraveMacmillan,2010),andco-authorwith RobertMcMasterof Health Care Economics (Routledge,2017).Heisa formereditorofthe ReviewofSocialEconomy ,andformerco-editorwith WadeHandsofthe JournalofEconomicMethodology.

JustinFerguson isaDavidsonAcademygraduatewhoplanstomajorin ﬁnanceattheKelleySchoolofBusinessatIndianaUniversity.Hismain interestsarebehavioraleconomics,investments,andbusinessmanagement.

RogerFrantz isProfessorEmeritusinEconomicsatSanDiegoState University(SDSU)andtaughtbehavioraleconomicsinthePsychology departmentatSDSU.HeteachesbehavioraleconomicsatCalStateUniv SanMarcos.HewasthefoundingeditorandiscurrentlytheSpecialIssues editorforthe JournalofBehavioralEconomicsforPolicy .Heiswidely publishedinbehavioraleconomicsandthehistoryofeconomicthought, andthehistoryofbehavioraleconomics.Hislatestbookis TheBeginnings ofBehavioralEconomics (2019).

ArtGoldsmith isthe JacksonT.StephensProfessor ofEconomicsand PovertyStudiesatWashingtonandLeeUniversity,USA.Hisresearch combinesinsightsfromeconomics,psychology,sociology,andhistory toexplorequestionsregardingwages,employment,unemployment, psychologicalwell-being,accesstohealthcare,educationalaccumulation, women’sempowermentinthedevelopingworld,andthelinkbetween traumaticeventsandchildren’swell-being.Hehaspublishedarticlesin anumberoftheprofession’sleadingjournalsandhasservedonthe EditorialBoardofthe JournalofEconomicPsychology ,the Reviewof BehavioralEconomics ,the JournalofSocio-Economics ,andthe Reviewof BlackPoliticalEconomy

ShoshanaGrossbard isaResidentScholarintheEconomicsDepartmentandtheCenterforHealthEconomicsandPolicyStudiesatSan DiegoStateUniversity,foundingeditorof ReviewofEconomicsofthe Household publishedbySpringersince2003,pastFellowattheCenter forAdvancedStudiesintheBehavioralSciencesatStanford,andfounder andpastpresidentoftheSocietyofEconomicsoftheHousehold.Her booksinclude OntheEconomicsofMarriage , MarriageandtheEconomy and TheMarriageMotive(Springer,2015).Sheisaresearchafﬁliatewith theFamilyInequalityNetwork(HCEO,UniversityofChicago),IZA,and GLO.

LiWayLee isaRetiredProfessoratWayneStateUniversityinDetroit, Michigan,USA.Heisanorganic,cage-freeeconomist.Lately,hethinks, reads,andwritesabouthuman’srelationwithNature.Hehasbeena memberofSABE(SocietyfortheAdvancementofBehavioralEconomics) sinceitsfounding.

GaryD.Lynne isProfessorEmeritusattheUniversityofNebraskaLincoln.Themainﬁeldofresearchinquiryhasbeeninboththequantity andqualityaspectsofthewaterresource,includingaspecialemphasis onwhatdrovechoicesinsoilandwaterconservationinthefarming population:ThatresearchledtocoiningtheconceptofEmpathyConservation.ItalsoledtothedevelopmentofMetaeconomics.Classroom teachingincludedcoursesinproductioneconomics,naturalresource economics,andecologicaleconomics.Forfurtherinformation,seethe Website https://www.metaeconomics.info.

ShlomoMaital isanEmeritusProfessorandheadstheZviGriliches ResearchDataCenter,attheSamuelNeamanInstituteforNationalPolicy

Research,Technion-IsraelInstituteofTechnology.HewastheAcademic DirectorofTIM-TechnionInstituteofManagement,from1998to2009, whereheworkedwithsome200companies,includingglobalﬁrmsand startups,andathousandmanagersandentrepreneurs.Hewassummer VisitingProfessorfor20yearsinMITSloanSchoolofManagement, teachingover1000R&Dengineersfrom40countriesfrom1984to 2003.Heistheauthor,co-author,oreditorof16booksand100 peer-reviewedarticles.

MarkPingle isaProfessorofEconomicsattheUniversityofNevada, Reno.Hisresearchhasfocusedonbehavioraleconomics,experimental economics,andmacroeconomics.Hisworkhasappearedin Journal ofEconomicBehaviorandOrganization, EconomicTheory , Journalof EconomicDynamicsandOptimalControl , TheoryandDecision,Journal ofMacroeconomics , JournalofEconomicPsychology , JournalofBehavioralandExperimentalEconomics , JournalofBehavioralEconomicsfor Policy ,andmore.Heisbookeditorfor JournalofBehavioralandExperimentalEconomics, associateeditorforReviewofBehavioralEconomics, andisapastpresidentoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofBehavioral Economics.

PhyllisParkSaarinen specializedinwaterresourceeconomics.AspresidentofResourceEconomicsConsultants,Inc.,undercontractwith theSouthwestFloridaWaterManagementDistrict,sheresearchedwater rightstradingintheUSAandpotentialauctionmechanismsforaquifer withdrawalpermitsinover-drawnareas.Thegoalofsuchmechanisms wouldbetoevokewaterscarcityvalueandthusimproveeconomicefﬁciencyinwateruse.AsanAdjunctMemberoftheAmericanSociety ofCivilEngineers,sheparticipatedindraftingtheASCEModelWater CodeforEasternStates.ShealsoservedontheFloridaEnvironmental RegulationCommission1987–1991.

HughSchwartz isaYalePh.DinEconomicsandtaughtinvarious universitiesintheUSAandLatinAmerica,mostrecentlyintheUniversity oftheRepublicinUruguay,butspentthelargestpartofhiscareerwith theInter-AmericanDevelopmentBankinWashington.Hehasauthored ﬁvebooks,fouronBehavioralEconomics,thelastofwhich,adissidenttract,is ProducerandOrganizationalDecision-Making.IsBehavioral EconomicsLosingItsWay?

CameronXu isasenioratUnionCountyMagnetSchool.Heis interestedinbehavioraleconomics,datascience,andeconomicmodeling.

ListofFigures

Chapter3

Fig.1SocioeconomicFunctioning:MakingaBurgerforZoe (Source Author’sowncreation)36

Fig.2TheHumanisticHandandtheDegreeofHumanity (Source Author’sowncreation)38

Fig.3AWindingGrowthPath(Source Author’sowncreation)40

Fig.4RisingHumanitywithBoundedHead(Source Author’s owncreation)41

Fig.5DecliningHumanitywithBoundedHeart(Source Author’s owncreation)42

Fig.6ArtiﬁcialIntelligenceDrivesDownHumanity(Source Author’sowncreation)43

Fig.7MoralPersuasionDrivesupHumanity(Source Author’s owncreation)44

Chapter4

Fig.1Potentialwealth-enhancing,growth-sustainingfeatures ofanownership-broadeningeconomy66

Chapter7

Fig.1Ethics,socialresponsibilityandX-efﬁciency135

Chapter10

Fig.1Theshareofadultsthatareobese,1975to2016(Source Ritchie,Hannah[2017].“Obesity”.Publishedonline atOurWorldInData.org AccessedDecember19,2020, Availableat:https://ourworldindata.org/obesity)207

Fig.2Shareofadultsthatareoverweightorobese,1975to2016 (Source Ritchie,Hannah[2017].“Obesity”.Published onlineatOurWorldInData.org AccessedDecember19, 2020,Availableat:https://ourworldindata.org/obesity)208

Fig.3Lifeexpectancy,1910to2015(Source Roser,Max, EstebanOrtiz-OspinaandHannahRitchie[2013].“Life Expectancy,” OurWorldInData.org. AccessedJanuary3, 2021,Availableat:https://ourworldindata.org/life-expect ancy)209

Fig.4Shareofdeathsattributedtoobesity,1990to2017(Source Ritchie,Hannah[2017].“Obesity”.Publishedonline atOurWorldInData.org. AccessedDecember19,2020, Availableat:https://ourworldindata.org/obesity)210

Fig.5Deathratefromobesity,1990to2017(Source Ritchie,Hannah[2017].“Obesity”.Publishedonline atOurWorldInData.org AccessedDecember19,2020, Availableat:https://ourworldindata.org/obesity)211

Fig.6Annualfoodexpenditureperpersonvs.GDPper capita,2015(Source Roser,MaxandHannahRitchie [2013].“FoodPrices,”OurWorldInData.org.Accessed January3,2021,Availableat:https://ourworldindata.org/ food-prices)212

Fig.7Shareofadultmenoverweightorobesevs.dailysupply ofcalories,2013(Source Ritchie,Hannah[2017]. “Obesity”.PublishedonlineatOurWorldInData.org AccessedDecember19,2020,Availableat:https://ourwor ldindata.org/obesity)213

Fig.8HealthyvsUnhealthyFoodDemand222

Fig.9TheIncomeeffect&FoodandBeverageConsumption226

Fig.10Calories,WeightGain,andEducation227

Chapter13

Fig.1Globalmeantemperaturechangevs.atmosphericcarbon dioxide(partspermillion),1880–2019(Source https:// www.climatecentral.org/gallery/download/global-temper atures-and-co2-concentrations)286

Chapter15

Fig.1Industrialinputs(d)joint(nonallocable)withwater conservationinputs(e)toproduceafoodproduct fromirrigationagricultureintheself-(private)interest (I G )andacommunityenvironmentalproduct intheother-(public)interest(I M )(Source Authororiginal)314

Fig.2Synergyonthefoodandcommunityenvironmental productionpath,balancingtheprivateinterestinthemarket basedfoodproductwiththepublicinterestincommunity environmentalproductsonahigherplaneofValue V (Source Authororiginal)316

ListofTables

Chapter9

Table1Factorsinconsumerdecision-makingonhealthy andsustainablefoodandtheirtypicalfocus173

Table2Structureoffoodchoicedeterminants184

Chapter10

Table1Gymmembershipandattendance219

CHAPTER1 Introduction

1 Introduction

ThisbookhonoursthememoryofJohnTomer,whopassedaway on7December2019.Werememberthemultifacetedcontributionsof John.ThisbookbringstogetherthecontributionsofsomeofJohn’s closefriendsandcompatriots—manyofwhoseapproachestobehavioural economicsdifferfromJohn’s.Butthiscelebrationandacceptanceof differencewascoretoJohn’sapproachtoacademiclife.

Sadly,wearemissinginthisbooksomecontributionsfromoldfriends whohavesinceretiredbutplayedanimportantroleinJohn’slife.Itis importanttomentionCharlottePhelps,EmeritusProfessor,atTemple University,whowasinvolvedwithSABEfromtheverybeginningand Partofthisintroductionborrowsfrommyintroductionofthespecialissueof the JournalofBehavioralEconomicforPolicy ,publishedin2021(https://sab economics.org/jbep/).

M.Altman(B) UniversityofDundee,Dundee,Scotland,UK e-mail: maltman001@dundee.ac.uk

M.Altman(ed.), ConstructingaMoreScientiﬁcEconomics,Palgrave AdvancesinBehavioralEconomics, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83928-4_1

MorrisAltman

attendedmostSocietyfortheAdvancementofBehaviouralEconomics (SABE)meetingsoverfourdecades,andBijouLesterYangwhowas along-timeSABEtreasurerfrom1992atacriticaltimeinitshistory. AndthenthereisLouisLevy-Garboua,apastpresidentofSABE,now retired,fromUniversitédeParisIandParisSchoolofEconomics, Centred’économiedelaSorbonne.Finally,ImustmentionRichard Hattwick,whocreatedandwasthefoundingeditorofthe Journalof BehaviouralEconomics (later,the JournalofSocio-Economics )intheearly 1970s,whosharedwithJohnandothersanopen-mindedandinclusive methodologicalapproachtobehaviouraleconomics.

2 JohnTomerandSABEandBigTentThinking

Johnwasnotonlyaninnovativethinker,buthealsoplayedavitalorganizationalroleinthedevelopmentofbehaviouraleconomics.Insodoing, heheldadoorwideopentobothyoungerandoldercolleagueswho thoughtoutsideofthemainstreamboxusingwhatevermethodologicalapproachwasbelievedtobemostappropriate.Disagreeingwith Johnnevermeantbeingdenigratedor‘disappeared.’Itonlymeant beingsubjecttounendingandprobingquestionsfromJohn.Fundamentally,Johnwasapluralistinhisapproachtobothscholarshipand organization-building.Thisledtohisearlyorganizationalworkinthe foundingoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofBehaviouralEconomics intheearly1980s.Actually,SABEwasfoundedin1982byJohn TomeralongwithGeorgeAkerlof(Berkeley),RichardCurtin(Michigan), RogerFrantz(SanDiegoState),ShoshanaGrossbard,(SanDiegoState), ThomasJuster(Michigan),HarveyLeibenstein(Harvard),FredvanRaaij (Erasmus,Rotterdam),HaroldShapiro(Michigan),andHerbertSimon (Carnegie-Mellon).SABE’sﬁrstmeeting,attendedbyJohn,wasorganizedbyBennyGilad(RutgersUniversity),whichwasheldin1984 atPrincetonUniversity.ThiswasfollowedbyaSABEmeetingorganizedbyShlomoMaitalatKibbutzShefayim,Israel,inwhichJohnalso participated.

Then,behaviouraleconomicswas,morethananything,abigtent concept,workingtotransformeconomicsbyintroducingnon-traditional conceptsintoeconomicnarrativesandalsoallowingforbothmathematicalandnon-mathematicalapproachestotheorizing.Thisfollowed fromtheearlycontributionsofHerbertSimontothedevelopmentof

behaviouraleconomicsasamoreenrichedapproachtoeconomicanalysis,counterposedtotherathernarrowneoclassicalframeworkasithad developedintothesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury.Thisearlyversion ofbehaviouraleconomicswasverymuchopenandembracingofamultiplicityofdisciplinaryperspectives.ButJohnwasalsointerestedinsocial justiceandthecapacityofeconomicscontributingtoimprovingallof ourlives.Economics,forJohn,wasnotsimplyaboutabettereconomics toolbox,butratheranenrichedtoolboxthatcouldcontributetowards improvingsocialandindividualwell-being.ThisledhimtohislongstandinginvolvementwiththeAssociationforSocialEconomics,where socialjusticeconcernsandthecontributionofeconomicstotheseare ofpreeminentimportance.And,justabouteveryyearJohnwouldbe presentingapaperattheAssociationforSocialEconomicsmeetings whichtookplaceundertheauspicesoftheAlliedSocialAssociation Meeting(ASSA).

Onapersonalnote,Johnwasalsoadearfriend.I’veknownhimsince 1988.IﬁrstmetJohnduringanimpressiveAdvancementofBehavioural Economics(SABE)meetinginSanDiegoorganizedbyRogerFrantz. RogerinvitedtothisSABEmeetingwhenwewereattendingaworkshophonouringthecontributionsofHarveyLeibensteinattheRockefellerFoundationBellagioCenterinLakeComoinNorthernItaly.At thattime,IactuallyneverhearofSABE.And,Iwasmorefocusedon mainstreamorganizations.So,theBellagiomeetingandbeingintroduced toSABEwasapivotalmomentearlyoninmycareer.Whenattendingthe SanDiegomeeting,I’donlyjustreadJohn’snewlypublished, OrganizationalCapital:ThePathtoHigherProductivityandWell-being .Atthis time,Icouldonlysayhiandaskafewquestionsabouthisresearchwhich overlappedwithmyown.Hewasquitebusyﬁeldingquestions.

3 TheDeathandRe-BirthofSABE

Soonafterthe1988meeting,SABEwasfoldedintothenewlyformed SocietyfortheAdvancementofSocio-Economics(SASE)headedbysociologistAmitaiEtzioni.Buteconomicswaslostintheoverwhelmingly sociologicaluniversethatwaslargelyantitheticaltoeconomicsasadiscipline.Eventheopen-tentSABEhaddifﬁcultiesﬁndingatruehomein SASE.Fundamentally,Johnwasaneconomistwhosawtheimportance ofeconomicsasdiscipline,butadisciplinethathadbecomeincreasingly short-sightedandsmall-minded.

Therewasaneedforachange.And,JohnandIbecamegoodfriends soonafterameetingtorevivethenewlydefunctSABEwhichtook placeduringanAmericanEconomicAssociationmeetinginNewOrleans, January1992,organizedbyJohnandShlomoMaital.

JohnbecametheﬁrstandlongservingPresidentofSABE.Shlomoand Ibecametheco-editorsofournewsletterandpartoftheSABEexecutive. LiWayLee(Secretary)andBijouLesterYang(TreasurerandfutureSABE President),whoparticipatedinthisfoundationalmeeting,alsobecame vitalmembersofthis‘bornagain’SABEexecutiveteam.Inthe1993, JohnorganizedtheSABE‘revival’meetinginRensselaerville,NewYork. Underhisleadership,SABEgrewfromabout30membersinitsnewly reconstitutedformtowellover400members.SABEwasandcontinues tobemadeuplargelyofeconomistswhoarelargelyattractedtoits open-tentesprit,championedbyJohn.Johnparticipatedinjustabout everySABEandjointSABE/InternationalAssociationforResearchin EconomicPsychology(IAREP)meetingsince1992.IAREPbecamean increasinglyimportantpartnerofSABE,withthelattercentredinthe UKandtheEuropeansub-continentandlargelycomprisingofnoneconomists,mainlyeconomicpsychologistswitharatherstrongrepresentationofeconomists.SABE,onceagainwiththestrongsupportof John,soonbeganatraditionofholdingmeetingsinbothNorthAmerica andEurope.JohnandIwouldalwayshookupandhangoutduring thesemeetings,veryoftenwithhiswifeDorisandmywifeLouiseand daughterHannah.Thiswasallpartofamissiontoestablishandmaintain arigorous,open-mindedacademicorganizationdevotedtobehavioural economics.

4 TheLifeandTimesofJohn TomerinaFewParagraphs

IshouldsaythatJohnandIdisagreedonmanymethodologicaland evenorganizationalissues.ButwhatwassoimportantaboutJohnwas hisopen-mindedness,hisimbuedsenseofmethodologicalpluralism,his viewthatwhatcountsisthepersonandherorhisresearchnotwherethis personcamefromorwhichuniversitytheygraduatedfrom.So,being opentodisagreementanddebatewasnaturaltoJohn.And,thisperspectiveisfundamentallyimportanttoSABE.ThisiswhatprovidesSABE withitsdistinctiveness.

Johnearnedhisdoctoratein1973atRutgersUniversity.Histhesiswas entitled,“ManagementConsultingforPrivateEnterprise:ATheoretical andEmpiricalAnalysisoftheContributionofManagementConsultantstoEconomicGrowthintheUnitedStates.”And,thisunderpinned hislifelonginterestinhowfirmsactuallyoperatedandhowreal-world decision-makersfunctionedinsideofthefirm.John’sthesissupervisor wasProfessorRobertJ.Alexanderwhowasapoliticaleconomist,a socialactivist,andatradeunionist,withapassionateinterestinthe humancondition.John’sinitialpointsofscholarlyfocuswere:monetary theory,publicfinance,labourandhumanresources,econometrics,and theeconomicsoftechnologicalchange.

JohnspentmostofhiscareerinManhattanCollege,locatedinthe Bronx,NewYork(1983–2012),untilhisretirement.ButJohnandhis family(hiswifeDorisandsons,RussellandJeffrey)maintainedtheir residenceinTroy,NewYork,thelocationofRensselaerPolytechnicInstitutewhereJohntaughtfrom1974to1981.Inspiteofbeingina moreteaching-intensiveuniversity,Johnremainedaheavy-dutyresearcher andpublisher,makingsigniﬁcantcontributions,especiallyinbehavioural andsocialeconomics.And,ManhattanCollegeprovidedJohnwiththe supportrequiredtopursuehisresearch.Hepublishedﬁvebooksand aroundsixtypeer-reviewedjournalarticlesandbookchapters.Andhe wasstillactivelyworkingonresearchprojectsatthetimeofhisdeath.

Johnwasbornon11July1942,andpassedawayon7December2019. Thiswasonlythreemonthsafterwemetforthelasttimeduringhislast SABEmeetingthattookplaceinDublin,Ireland.Hemadethistripin spiteofbeingquiteillwithcancer.Hewasdeterminedtoonceagainmeet withhisfriendsandcolleagues,makenewacquaintances,attendsessions (andaskquestions,ofcourse),andpresentaresearchpaper,ashealways wouldduringaconference.Johnwouldnotletthecancergetthebetter ofhimuntiltheveryend.And,eveninDublin,heexudedmoreenergy thanmanyofhismuchyoungercolleagues.Johnwasonlyabletomakeit thistimearoundwithhiswifeDoris,whoaccompaniedhimonsomanyof hisresearchtrips.Weallhungoutalongwithmydaughter,Hannah,now aneconomistinherownright,whoattendedmostofJohn’spresentations duringSABEandIAREPmeetingssinceherbirth,26yearsago.

ThelastpaperthatJohnpresentedwas,“WhyBuddhisteconomicsIs needed:Overcominglargescalebiophysicalandsocio-economicdysfunctions.”Thiswasanareathathewasinterestedinfordecadesandalso informedmuchofhisthinking.Wepromisedtomeetupagainduring