8955c

La memoria viva del general Saturnino Cedillo D UDLEY A NKERSON

-T XI[ILW M[ W\ZW XIy[" ITTn PIKMV TI[ KW[I[ LM W\ZW UWLW

4 8 0IZ\TMa

;WTIUMV\M PIV XI[ILW [M\MV\I I}W[ LM[LM Y]M ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW QVQKQ~ [] TM^IV\IUQMV\W Y]M M[\IJI KWVLMVILW IT NZIKI[W MV KWV\ZI LMT OWJQMZVW LMT XZM[QLMV\M 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[# [QV MUJIZOW M^WKIZ MT 5u`QKW LMT XZQUMZ \MZKQW LMT [QOTW @@ MT XMZQWLW MV Y]M ^Q^Q~ a N]M U]MZ\W +MLQTTW ZMY]QMZM ]V [IT\W LM QUIOQVIKQ~V PQ[\~ZQKI -ZI W\ZW U]VLW UMV\IT a Ny[QKW -T \QMUXW a TI LQ[\IVKQI \MVyIV LQ[\QV\W[ [QOVQÅKILW[ Y]M IPWZI" TW[ ^QIRM[ TIZOW[ [M ZMITQbIJIV MV \ZMV a \WLW[ I M`KMXKQ~V LM TW[ Un[ XZQ^QTMOQILW[ PIKyIV TW[ ^QIRM[ Un[ KWZ\W[ I KIJITTW a VW MV KWKPM 4I ZILQW MZI ]V T]RW a TI \MTM^Q[Q~V VW M`Q[\yI 4I[ KWUX]\ILWZI[ MZIV QUXMV[IJTM[ 4I[ VW\QKQI[ ^QIRIJIV ZnXQLW MV TW[ XZQVKQXITM[ KMV\ZW[ ]ZJIVW[ XMZW \WUIJIV LyI[ W PI[\I [MUIVI[ MV TTMOIZ I TI[ ITLMI[ ZMUW\I[ -ZI ]V U]VLW KWV ]V XQM MV TI TMRIVyI LMT [QOTW @1@ a MT W\ZW MV TW[ I^IVKM[ \MKVWT~OQKW[ LM UMLQILW[ LMT [QOTW @@ -V M[XyZQ\] ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW XMZ\MVMKyI I ]V U]VLW Un[ LMKQUWV~VQKW .]M MT T\QUW LM ]V TQVIRM LM KI]LQTTW[ XZW^QVKQIVW[ MV 5u`QKW K]aI JI[M LM XWLMZ UQTQ\IZ TM[ JZQVLIJI ]VI XW[QKQ~V LM KQMZ\I I]\WZQLIL LMV\ZW LM [] M[\ILW .]MZWV U]a KWU]VM[ M[I[ ÅO]ZI[ L]ZIV\M TI XZQUMZI UQ\IL LMT [QOTW @1@ 4I KTI^M LM [] QUXWZ\IVKQI N]M [] PIJQTQLIL LM UW^QTQbIZ N]MZbI[ QVLMXMVLQMV\M[ LMT OWJQMZVW KMV\ZIT MV KWITQKQ~V KWV [][ PWU~TWOW[ LMT ZM[\W LMT XIy[ a I[y IUMVIbIZ TI M[\IJQTQLIL LMT ZuOQUMV -V ]V XIy[ LWVLM [M ZM]VyIV TI IOZM[\M a ^I[\I OMWOZINyI a TI XWJZM KWU]VQKIKQ~V MV KWV\ZI LM ]V OWJQMZVW KMV\ZIT N]MZ\M MVKIZVIJIV ]VI N]MZbI I \MVMZ MV K]MV\I ,]ZIV\M TI LQK\IL]ZI LM 8WZÅZQW ,yIb ! M[\]^QMZWV []JWZLQVILW[ a IJ[WZJQLW[ MV MT [Q[\MUI XWTy\QKW MV ]V XZWKM[W LMÅVQLW XWZ MT KZMKQUQMV\W MKWV~UQKW LMT XIy[ a TI KWV[\Z]KKQ~V LM TI ZML LM NMZZWKIZZQTM[ Y]M NIKQTQ\~ MT UW^QUQMV\W LM \ZWXI[ NMLMZITM[ I TW TIZOW LM TI VIKQ~V ;QV MUJIZOW ^WT^QMZWV I []ZOQZ \ZI[ TI :M^WT]KQ~V LM ! a N]MZWV ]V NIK\WZ ZMTM^IV\M LM TI XWTy\QKI UM`QKIVI L]ZIV\M KI[Q \ZM[ LuKILI[ IV\M[ LM [MZ ZML]KQLW[ OZIL]ITUMV\M MV V UMZW M QUXWZ\IVKQI LM[X]u[ LM ]VW[ K]IV\W[ TM^IV\IUQMV\W[ N \QTM[ a UMLQIV\M ]V XZWKM[W XWTy\QKW LM KWV[WTQLIKQ~V a KMV\ZITQbIKQ~V [WJZM \WLW JIRW TW[ ZMOyUM VM[ LM TW[ XZM[QLMV\M[ 8T]\IZKW -TyI[ +ITTM[ ! ! a [][ I[WKQILW[ ! ! a 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ ! !

25

0IKQI ร VITM[ LM TW[ I}W[ \ZMQV\I [WTIUMV\M 2]IV )VLZM] )TUIbnV MV 6]M^W 4M~V a ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y ZM\MVyIV [QOVQร KI\Q^I[ JI[M[ QVLMXMVLQMV\M[ LMT XW LMZ XWTy\QKW MV XZW^QVKQI a MV IUJW[ KI[W[ [] XWLMZ ZM[]T\~ MVOI}W[W -T XWLMZ LM )TUIbnV LM[KIV[IJI [WJZM [] XW[QKQ~V LM KWUIVLIV\M LM TI bWVI UQTQ\IZ ZMOQWVIT a [] ZMTIKQ~V KWV MT XWLMZW[W MUXZM[IZQILW LMT M[\ILW Un[ XZ~[XMZW LMT XIy[ ;QV MUJIZOW J][K~ \ZIJIRIZ LMV\ZW LMT [Q[\MUI XWTy\QKW a [M XW[\]T~ XIZI XZM[QLMV\M MV ! ZMXZM[MV\IVLW TI[ N]MZbI[ Un[ KWV [MZ^ILWZI[ LMT XIy[ a I IY]MTTW[ Y]M PIJyIV ^Q[\W XMZR]LQKILW[ [][ QV\MZM[M[ KWV TI[ XWTy\QKI[ MKWV~UQKI[ a [WKQITM[ LM +nZLMVI[ ;M M`QTQ~ LM 5u`QKW IT ^MZ[M MVNZMV\ILW KWV MT OMVMZI TQbILW NZI]LM MTMK\WZIT ZMNWZbILW KWV ZMXZM[Q~V MV TI[ MTMKKQWVM[ XZM[QLMVKQITM[ LM M[M I}W ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW VIKQ~ MV ! MV MT ZIVKPW LM [] XILZM MV 8ITWUI[ U]VQKQXQW LM +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb MV TI bWVI WZQMV\IT LMT M[\ILW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 2]V\W KWV [][ PMZUIVW[ 5IOLITMVW a +TMWNI[ [M ]VQ~ I TI :M^WT]KQ~V MV ! MV XZW\M[\I XWZ TI KWVL]K\I IZJQ\ZIZQI a ZMXZM[Q^I LM TW[ PIKMVLILW[ TWKITM[ -V M[\W KWUW MV W\ZW[ I[XMK\W[ TW UW^QMZWV TW[ UQ[UW[ UW\Q^W[ Y]M I -UQTQIVW BIXI\I a [][ KWUXI}MZW[ MV 5WZMTW[" KWUXIZ\yI [] ^Q[Q~V LMT U]VLW a U]KPW[ LM [][ ^ITWZM[ ,M PMKPW KWUMV\IZQ[\I[ KWV\MUXWZnVMW[ I UMV]LW KWVN]VLMV I TW[ LW[ OZ]XW[ K]IVLW UMVKQWVIV TW[ M[\ITTQLW[ LM ยนbIXI\Q[UWยบ MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y Y]M MV ZMITQLIL N]MZWV ZMITQbILW[ XWZ KMLQTTQ[\I[ 4W[ PMZUIVW[ +MLQTTW a [][ [MO]QLWZM[ TTMOIZWV I LWUQVIZ TI ZMOQ~V LM[LM :yW >MZLM PI[\I TI 0]I[\MKI MV\ZM ! a ! ;M ]VQMZWV I TI[ N]MZbI[ LM .ZIVKQ[KW >QTTI K]IVLW ZWUXQ~ KWV +IZZIVbI I ร VITM[ LM ! XWZY]M IT QO]IT Y]M BIXI\I KWV[QLMZIZWV Y]M MZI Un[ XZWJIJTM Y]M >QTTI XZWUW^QMZI TI ZMNWZUI IOZIZQI )]V LM[X]u[ LM TI LMZZW\I LM TW[ ^QTTQ[\I[ a TI U]MZ\M LM [][ LW[ PMZUIVW[ ;I\]ZVQVW [MO]yI M RMZKQMVLW MT XWLMZ LM NIK\W MV TI bWVI I XM[IZ LM TI XMZ[MK]KQ~V LM TW[ KIZZIVKQ[\I[ ;][ PWUJZM[ a uT [MO]yIV XMTMIVLW KWUW \IUJQuV TW PIKyIV TW[ bIXI\Q[\I[ MV 5WZMTW[ a ITO]VW[ ^QTTQ[\I[ MV W\ZI[ XIZ\M[ LMT XIy[ \IV\W XIZI IXWaIZ TI ZMLQ[\ZQJ]KQ~V LM TI \QMZZI KWUW XWZ VW MVKWV\ZIZ W\ZI[ IT\MZVI\Q^I[ LM ^QLI 4I ZMJMTQ~V LM )O]I 8ZQM\I MV ! KIUJQ~ TI NWZ\]VI LM ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW <ZI[ ]V IK]MZLW KWV MT OWJQMZVW MV\ZIV\M LM ร T^IZW 7JZMO~V MV M[M I}W TWOZ~ I[MV\IZ I TW[ PWUJZM[ Y]M PIJyIV XMTMILW I [] TILW L]ZIV\M TI :M^WT]KQ~V MV ^IZQI[ KWTWVQI[ IOZWUQTQ\IZM[ MV a I TZMLMLWZ LM +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb ,M[LM ITTy MRMZKQ~ MT KWV\ZWT [WJZM MT WZQMV\M LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y -V ! UW^QTQb~ I [][ PWUJZM[ MV IXWaW IT OWJQMZVW LM ร T^IZW 7JZMO~V a MV KWV\ZI LM TI ZMJMTQ~V LMTIP]MZ\Q[\I ;] Ia]LI N]M KZ]KQIT XIZI MT OWJQMZVW a I KIUJQW LM [] TMIT\IL MT V]M ^W XZM[QLMV\M 8T]\IZKW -TyI[ +ITTM[ TM LQW UIVW[ TQJZM[ MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 8IZI ! PIJyI \ZIUILW TI LMZZW\I LMT OWJMZVILWZ LMT M[\ILW )]ZMTQW 5IVZQY]M a LM[LM MV\WVKM[ a PI[\I MT TM^IV\IUQMV\W MV ! KWV\ZWTIJI TW[ I[]V\W[ LMT M[\ILW I \ZI^u[ LM ]VI [MZQM LM OWJMZVILWZM[ [][\Q\]\W[ a Wร KQITM[ TWKITM[ TMITM[ I uT ,]ZIV\M M[M XMZQWLW ZMNWZb~ [] JI[M LM XWLMZ I \ZI^u[ LMT NWUMV\W LM TI LQ[\ZQJ]KQ~V LM TI \QMZZI MV MT M[\ILW L]ZIV\M TW[ I}W[ ^MQV\M ]\QTQbIVLW TI[ TMaM[ 26

IOZIZQI[ XIZI KWVÅ[KIZ PIKQMVLI[ a KZMIZ

4QVW\QXW LMT LQIZQW >IVO]IZLQI QVNWZUI\Q^W LMT OWJMZ

MRQLW[# IXZW^MKP~ [] ZMKWVWKQUQMV\W UQTQ\IZ VILWZ LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW KI !

XIZI I\ZIMZ a UW^QTQbIZ I ]V OZIV V UMZW LM +WTMKKQ~V" ).;/ PWUJZM[ XIZI KWUJI\QZ MV TI O]MZZI KZQ[\MZI ! ! ! a MV TI ZMJMTQ~V LM 2W[u -[KWJIZ ! ! ;] XWLMZ UQTQ\IZ a KWV\ZWT [WJZM MT M[\ILW M[\ZI\uOQKW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y TW KWV^QZ\QMZWV MV ]VW LM TW[ XZQVKQXITM[ XMZ[WVIRM[ LM TI XWTy\QKI VIKQWVIT I XZQVKQXQW[ LM TW[ I}W[ \ZMQV\I a N]M ]V QV[\Z]UMV\W XIZI I[MO]ZIZ Y]M 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ N]MZI MT KIVLQLI\W LMT XIZ\QLW MV MT XWLMZ MT 8IZ\QLW 6IKQWVIT :M^WT]KQWVIZQW 86: I TI XZM[QLMVKQI MV ! ) XM[IZ LMT IXWaW Y]M JZQVL~ I +nZLMVI[ KWUW KIVLQLI\W LMT 86: MV M[M MV\WVKM[ +MLQ TTW \MVyI XWKW QV\MZu[ MV TI IK\Q^QLIL XWTy\QKI VIKQWVIT 6W [M [MV\yI K~UWLW MV MT U]VLW LM TI XWTy\QKI XIZ\QLQ[\I UWLMZVI <IUXWKW UW[\ZIJI QV\MZu[ MV ]\QTQbIZ [] QVÆ]MVKQI XIZI KWV[\Z]QZ ]VI UIY]QVIZQI XWTy\QKI MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y KWUW TW PQKQMZWV -UQTQW 8WZ\M[ /QT a )LITJMZ\W <MRMLI MV TW[ M[\ILW[ ^MKQVW[ LM <IUI]TQXI[ a >MZIKZ]b I ÅVITM[ LM TW[ I}W[ ^MQV\M a XZQVKQ XQW[ LM TW[ \ZMQV\I# VQ KWV[\Z]a~ ]V XIZ\QLW TWKIT KWUW <WUn[ /IZZQLW +IVIJIT MV <IJI[KW ;QMUXZM N]MZWV UITI[ [][ ZMTIKQWVM[ KWV TI[ IOZ]XIKQWVM[ LM \ZIJIRILWZM[ a [] ^yVK]TW KWV TI XWJTIKQ~V Z]ZIT MV ;IV 4]Q[ [M JI[IJI MV ]VI IÅVQLIL VI\]ZIT a ]V KWV\IK\W NZMK]MV\M Un[ Y]M MV J][KIZ MT M[\IJTMKQUQMV\W LM WZOIVQbIKQWVM[ IOZIZQI[ NWZUITM[ ) XM[IZ LM [] JZM^M 27

+MLQTTW N]M ]V PWUJZM KMZMUWVQW[W# I[Q[\Q~ I ]VI VW^QTTILI LMT XMZ[WVIT LM TI ;MKZM\IZyI LM )OZQK]T\]ZI MV MT <WZMW LM TI +WVLM[I KI ! +WTMKKQ~V" )/6 ,,/

XMZUIVMVKQI MV TI ;MKZM\IZyI LM )OZQK]T\]ZI MV ! a LM V]M^W MV ! ! XZMNMZyI ZM[QLQZ MV [] M[\ILW VI\IT# LM PMKPW L]ZIV

\M MT XMZQWLW Y]M [QZ^Q~ MV MT OIJQVM\M VIKQWVIT TW ^Q[Q\IJI \IV NZMK]MV\MUMV\M KWUW TM MZI XW[QJTM )]VY]M TI LQNMZMVKQI MV\ZM TI ^QLI MV TW[ nUJQ\W[ Z]ZIT a ]ZJIVW MZI U]KPW UMVW[ UIZKILI MV MT 5u`QKW LM TW[ I}W[ ^MQV\M [M [MV\yI Un[ I O][\W MV MT XZQUMZW ;] NWZUI LM OWJMZVIZ MZI TI LM ]V KI]LQTTW Z]ZIT \ZILQKQWVIT" XI\ZQIZKIT a []UIUMV\M XMZ [WVIT -V T]OIZ LM KZMIZ ]V IXIZI\W LM XIZ\QLW XWTy\QKW KWV KIZIK\MZy[\QKI[ ]ZJIVI[ QUXZQUQ~ MV [] OWJQMZVW MT IUJQMV\M LM TW[ U]VQKQXQW[ Z]ZITM[ LM LWVLM XZW^MVyIV uT a [][ KWUXI}MZW[ 4I ZMTIKQ~V KWV [][ [MO]QLWZM[ N]M LM XI\Z~V a KTQMV\M VW LM OWJMZVIV\M MTMOQLW a ^W\IV\M -T KWV[MZ^IL]ZQ[UW [WKQIT MT ZM[XM\W I TI[ WJTQOIKQWVM[ LM XIZMV\M[KW a KWUXILZIbOW a TI TMIT\IL XMZ[WVIT N]MZWV TW[ I\ZQJ]\W[ LM [] ZuOQUMV 8I[IJI \WLW MT \QMUXW XW[QJTM MV 8ITWUI[ LWVLM ZMXIZ\yI WJ[MY]QW[ MV NWZUI QVLQ^QL]IT a XMZ[WVIT a ZMKQJyI I TI KWZ\M VW WÅKQIT IK\]IVLW Un[ KWUW ]V JIZ~V O]MZZMZW UMLQM^IT Y]M KWUW ]V XWTy\QKW UWLMZVW 7ZOIVQb~ XWKW[ M[Y]MUI[ XIZI TI KWV[\Z]KKQ~V LM KIUQVW[ W XIZI UMRWZIZ [MZ^QKQW[ [WKQITM[ W UuLQKW[# [QV MUJIZOW [QMUXZM XZM[\IJI I\MVKQ~V I TW[ XM\QKQWVIZQW[" TM[ MVKWV\ZIJI \ZIJIRW MV WKI[QWVM[ MV MT OW JQMZVW U]VQKQXIT# IOQTQbIJI TI[ LMUIVLI[ TMOITM[# ZM[WT^yI LQ[X]\I[ XWZ TI \QMZZI a TW[ OZI\QÅKIJI KWV XMY]M}I[ KIV\QLILM[ LM LQVMZW A KWUW T\QUW ZMK]Z[W TM[ WNZMKyI ITWRIUQMV\W UQMV\ZI[ 28

M[XMZIJIV I Y]M I\MVLQMZI [][ KI[W[ -V M[Xy

5W[\Z~ +MLQTTW ]V OZIV O][\W IT M[\IZ MV MT OIJQVM\M# IY]y

ZQ\] [] ZuOQUMV VW P]JQMZI XIZMKQLW N]MZI LM IKWUXI}ILW XWZ MT KWUXW[Q\WZ 2]TQnV +IZZQTTW I [] LMZMKPI KI ! +WTMKKQ~V" ).;/ T]OIZ MV MT 5u`QKW XZMXWZÅZQIVW 4I UQ[UI QVNWZUITQLIL [M WJ[MZ^IJI MV [] JI[M LM XWLMZ UQTQ\IZ )]VY]M N]M MT KWUIV LIV\M LM TI @11 BWVI 5QTQ\IZ Y]M [M M`\MVLyI XWZ \WLW MT M[\ILW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y L]ZIV\M OZIV XIZ\M LMT XMZQWLW VW ITWRIJI I [][ [WTLILW[ MV JIZZIKI[ UWLMZVI[ KWUW TW PIKyI )TUI bnV MV 5WV\MZZMa 4I UIaWZyI LM [][ PWUJZM[ MZIV ZM[MZ^Q[\I[ a ^Q^yIV MV TI[ KWTWVQI[ IOZIZQI[ UQTQ\IZM[ W MV TW[ MRQLW[ I TW TIZOW LMT M[\ILW -[M IZZMOTW M[\IJI Un[ MV KWVKWZLIVKQI KWV [] M[\QTW XI\MZVITQ[\I LM OWJMZVIZ !

4I VQKI nZMI LM UWLMZVQLIL MV M[M WZLMV Z]ZIT \ZILQKQWVIT N]M TI XZWUWKQ~V LM TI I^QIKQ~V XWZ XIZ\M LM +MLQTTW -V XIZ\M M[W [M LMJyI I TW[ TWOZW[ LM [] [WJZQVI 5IZyI 5IZKW[ +MLQTTW ;ITI[ XQWVMZI MV 5u`QKW Y]QMV U]ZQ~ MV ]V IKKQLMV\M IuZMW MV ! a MV XIZ\M I ]VI IXZMKQIKQ~V LMT ][W UQTQ\IZ LM TW[ I^QWVM[ +ZM~ ]VI XMY]M}I N]MZbI IuZMI XZQ^ILI KMZKI LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y a WZLMV~ Y]M [M KWV[\Z]aMZI ]VI XQ[\I LM I\MZZQbIRM KMZKI LM 8ITWUI[ TI K]IT X]MLM ^MZ[M \WLI^yI +MLQTTW OWJMZV~ MT M[\ILW KWV TI Ia]LI LM ]VI ZML LM KIKQY]M[ MV WKI[QWVM[ M[KWOQLW[ LM MV\ZM [][ ^M\MZIVW[ Y]M KWV\ZWTIJIV MT OWJQMZVW U]VQKQXIT a [MZ^yIV MV MT KWVOZM[W TWKIT 5] KPW[ LM M[\W[ PWUJZM[ XW[MyIV XWKI ML]KIKQ~V XMZW \MVyIV N]MZ\M[ ZIyKM[ MV TI[ KWU]VQLILM[ 29

TWKITM[ a [] TMIT\IL MZI QVY]MJZIV\IJTM )ZZMOTIJIV MTMKKQWVM[# WJMLMKyIV TI[ ~ZLMVM[ LM +MLQ TTW XWZ U]a LM[XQILILI[ Y]M N]MZIV# IZJQ\ZIZWV KWVÃ&#x2020;QK\W[ XWZ TI \QMZZI a UIV\MVyIV MT KWV\ZWT LM TI XWJTIKQ~V +MLQTTW \IUJQuV [M I[MO]ZIJI LM Y]M TW[ ZMXZM[MV\IV\M[ LMT M[\ILW MV MT KWV OZM[W NMLMZIT N]MZIV [MTMKKQWVILW[ K]QLILW[IUMV\M a Y]M [QO]QMZIV [][ QV[\Z]KKQWVM[ +WUW TW[ KIKQY]M[ U]KPW[ LM MTTW[ \IUJQuV PIJyIV [QLW UQMUJZW[ LM [] UQTQKQI a TM PIJyIV [MO]QLW MV [][ KIUXI}I[ UQTQ\IZM[ MV TW[ I}W[ ^MQV\M ;] ZuOQUMV M[\IJI IT\IUMV\M XMZ[WVITQbILW a KIZMKyI LM K]ITY]QMZ WZOIVQbIKQ~V NWZUIT LM XIZ\QLW# [QV MUJIZOW N]M ]V [W[\uV MÃ&#x2026;KIb XIZI MT XWLMZ LM +MLQTTW a [] XIXMT LMV\ZW LMT OWJQMZVW KMV\ZIT

-T OMVMZIT +MLQTTW N]M ]VW LM TW[ Un[ IK\Q^W[ XZWUW\WZM[ LM TI KIUXI}I XZM[QLMVKQIT LM 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ KI ! +WTMKKQ~V" )/6 ,,/

,M[X]u[ LM TI KZMIKQ~V LMT 86: MV ! ! a TI \ZIV[QKQ~V LM 5u`QKW PIKQI ]VI ^QLI XWTy\QKI Un[ M[\Z]K\]ZILI a ]V -[\ILW KWZ

XWZI\Q^W TI ILUQVQ[\ZIKQ~V KMLQTTQ[\I XIZMKyI KILI ^Mb Un[ IVIKZ~VQKI 8ZWV\W MT OWJQMZVW LM 5u`QKW QJI I [MZ MVKIJMbILW VW XWZ TW[ ^M\MZIVW[ LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V a LM TI[ T]KPI[ LM ! ! [QVW XWZ PWUJZM[ XZW^MVQMV\M[ LMT UW^QUQMV\W TIJWZIT MUMZOMV\M TI J]ZWKZIKQI IOZIZQI a [WJZM \WLW XWZ XWTy\QKW[ XZWNM[QWVITM[ -V K]IV\W +nZLMVI[ MUXMb~ I KWV[WTQLIZ MT XWLMZ a TI PMOMUWVyI LMT XIZ\QLW MV \]ZVW [M PIKyI M^QLMV\M Y]M J][KIZyI []JWZLQVIZ W ZMUW^MZ ¸LM ZM[]T\IZ ZMKITKQ\ZIV\M[¸ I TW[ KI]LQTTW[ XWTy\QKW[ ZMOQWVITM[ Y]M Y]MLIJIV MV 30

MT XIy[# XWZ MRMUXTW ;I\]ZVQVW 7[WZVQW MV 9]MZu\IZW# <WUn[ /IZZQLW +IVIJIT MV <I

-V ]V IK\W ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW IKWUXI}ILW XWZ MT XZM[QLMV\M LMT 86: -UQTQW 8WZ\M[ /QT KI !

JI[KW W [] IV\QO]W ITQILW ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW

+WTMKKQ~V" ).;/

MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y -V ZM\ZW[XMK\Q^I I [M\MV\I I}W[ LQKPW XZWKM[W XIZMKyI QVM^Q\IJTM XMZW VW TW KWV[QLMZIJIV I[y TW[ IK\WZM[ LM MV\WVKM[ ;WTIUMV\M LM[X]u[ LM TI[ MTMKKQWVM[ LM !

[M IKMX\~ TI XZMMUQVMVKQI LMT KMV\ZW MV \WLW MT XIy[ ) ร VITM[ LM TW[ I}W[ \ZMQV\I TW[ KIKQY]M[ \WLI^yI XWLyIV [W}IZ KWV NWZUIZ ]VI KWITQKQ~V KIXIb LM WJTQOIZ IT OWJQMZVW NMLMZIT I IKMX\IZ [] I]\WVWUyI TWKIT +WUW TW LM[K]JZQ~ \IZLyIUMV\M +MLQTTW [~TW [M \ZI\~ LM ]VI QT][Q~V a ]VI XMZKMXKQ~V MZZ~VMI ;QV MUJIZOW TI[ LQNMZMVKQI[ LM +MLQTTW KWV MT OWJQMZVW NMLMZIT VW ZM[QLyIV [WTIUMV\M MV TI KZMMVKQI LM Y]M LMJQLW I [][ [MZ^QKQW[ MV TI :M^WT]KQ~V a I +nZLMVI[ MV XIZ\QK]TIZ UMZMKyI MT KWV\ZWT LM [] M[\ILW VI\IT LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y LM UIVMZI QVLMร VQLI a I [] KWV^MVQMVKQI )]VY]M [MVKQTTW a XWKW TM\ZILW I +MLQTTW VW TM NIT\IJI QV\MTQOMVKQI )LMUn[ XW[MyI ]V MV\MV LQUQMV\W VI\W LM TW[ ^ITWZM[ a I[XQZIKQWVM[ LM ยน[] OMV\Mยบ TI XWJTIKQ~V Z]ZIT LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W \W[y 8WZ TW \IV\W P]JW ITO]VI[ M[NMZI[ Y]M M[\IJIV MV LM[IK]MZLW KWV MT OWJQMZVW KMV\ZIT MV XIZ\QK]TIZ TI XWTy\QKI LM ML]KIKQ~V [WKQITQ[\I MT \ZI\W LMT OWJQMZVW I TI 1OTM[QI a TI QUXTMUMV\I KQ~V LMT XZWOZIUI LM ZMNWZUI IOZIZQI >ITM TI XMVI M`XTWZIZ M[W[ \ZM[ I[]V\W[ X]M[ []OQMZMV 31

Y]M [Q JQMV MV [] uXWKI [M KWV[QLMZIJI I +MLQTTW ]V ZMIKKQWVIZQW Y]M [M WXWVyI IT XZWOZM[W LM PMKPW M[\IJI MV [QV\WVyI KWV MT [MV\QUQMV\W XWX]TIZ XWZ TW UMVW[ KWV TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ 6]VKI [M LMÅVQ~ KWV KTIZQLIL MT KWVKMX\W LM ML]KIKQ~V [WKQITQ[\I XZQUMZW LMJI\QLI MV ! a KWV[IOZILI MV ]VI MVUQMVLI IT IZ\yK]TW £ LM TI +WV[\Q\]KQ~V MV ! # M[MVKQITUMV\M N]M ]V QV\MV\W LM M[\IJTMKMZ TI []XZMUIKyI LM TI ML]KIKQ~V TIQKI [WJZM TI ZMTQOQW[I 4I QV\MZ XZM\IKQ~V LM TW[ UIM[\ZW[ LM QbY]QMZLI TW[ TTM^~ I XZMLQKIZ MT I\My[UW W QUXIZ\QZ QV[\Z]KKQ~V [WJZM TW[ N]VLIUMV\W[ LMT UIZ`Q[UW# MTTW XZW^WK~ ]VI ZMIKKQ~V NMZWb XWZ XIZ\M LM TW[ KWV[MZ ^ILWZM[ a IK\Q^Q[\I[ KI\~TQKW[ a KWVNZWV\IJI MV WKI[QWVM[ LM UIVMZI ^QWTMV\I I TI[ LW[ XIZ\M[ +MLQTTW KWV[QLMZ~ M[I XWTy\QKI QV[\QOILWZI a VW OZI\I XIZI TI UIaWZyI LM TI XWJTIKQ~V LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 8WZ MTTW LM[ITMV\~ [] QUXTMUMV\IKQ~V MV MT M[\ILW XZWPQJQ~ TI QV\ZWL]KKQ~V LM TW[ TQJZW[ LM \M`\W a XMZUQ\Q~ Y]M ÆWZMKQMZIV TI[ M[K]MTI[ XIZ\QK]TIZM[ 0IKQI UMLQILW[ LM TI LuKILI LM ! NIUQTQI[ KI\~TQKI[ ILQVMZILI[ LM M[\ILW[ ^MKQVW[ MV^QIJIV I [][ PQRW[ I M[\] LQIZ MV M[K]MTI[ XW\W[QVI[ )}W[ Un[ \IZLM MV ZMKWVWKQUQMV\W \nKQ\W I TI[ QLMI[ LM +MLQTTW [M UIZOQV~ TI XWTy\QKI )[QUQ[UW ZMKPIb~ MT IV\QKTMZQKITQ[UW KIZIK\MZy[\QKW LM TI[ ILUQVQ[\ZIKQWVM[ LM[LM ! )]VY]M PIJyI [QLW ]VW LM TW[ KWUIVLIV\M[ UQTQ\IZM[ Un[ ^QOWZW[W[ a M`Q\W[W[ MV TI T]KPI KWV \ZI TW[ ZMJMTLM[ KZQ[\MZW[ L]ZIV\M TI QV[]ZZMKKQ~V ZMTQOQW[I LM ! I ! ! XMTM~ MV TI O]MZZI XWZ ZIbWVM[ XWTy\QKI[ a VW LWK\ZQVITM[ a XWZ TI XZM[MZ^IKQ~V LMT -[\ILW XW[ZM^WT]KQWVIZQW# XWZ TI[ UQ[UI[ ZIbWVM[ KWUJI\Q~ TW[ ITbIUQMV\W[ UQTQ\IZM[ WK]ZZQLW[ LM ! a ! ! ,M[X]u[ LMT KWVÆQK\W ZMTQOQW[W QV^Q\~ I I[MV\IZ[M MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y I ^IZQW[ TyLMZM[ KZQ[\MZW[ I ÅV LM M^Q\IZ [] XMZ[MK]KQ~V )]VY]M IOV~[\QKW ZMKWVWKyI TI QUXWZ\IVKQI LM TI NM ZMTQOQW[I a TW[ K]T\W[ KWUW MT LM TI >QZOMV LM /]ILIT]XM XIZI TI UIaWZyI LM TI XWJTIKQ~V a N]M PI[\I KQMZ\W X]V\W \WTM ZIV\M 8IZI ! ZM[QLyI MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y KI[Q ]VI K]IZ\I XIZ\M LM TW[ [IKMZLW\M[ LMT XIy[ I Y]QMVM[ QVKT][W [M TM[ XMZUQ\yI XWZ\IZ [][ XZMVLI[ KTMZQKITM[ MV X JTQKW ,QKPI IK\Q\]L N]M XWKW OZI\I XIZI TW[ UI[WVM[ KWUW +ITTM[ 8WZ\M[ /QT a +nZLMVI[# [QV MUJIZOW MV TI IK\]ITQLIL TI 1OTM[QI KI\~TQKI WK]XI ]VI XW[QKQ~V [QUQTIZ I TI Y]M OWbIJI MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y JIRW MT ZuOQUMV LM +MLQTTW 4I \MZKMZI ¸a XWZ U]KPW TI Un[ [QOVQÅKI\Q^I¸ LM TI[ LQNMZMVKQI[ QLMWT~OQKI[ LM +MLQTTW KWV MT XZM[QLMV\M +nZLMVI[ N]M TI ZMNWZUI IOZIZQI +nZLMVI[ XZWUW^yI a XZM[QLyI ]V XZWOZI UI LM ZMLQ[\ZQJ]KQ~V LM \QMZZI [QV XZMKMLMV\M[ MV 5u`QKW a )UuZQKI 4I\QVI Y]M [M M[\IJTMKQ~ XZQVKQXITUMV\M MV VWUJZM LM TI R][\QKQI [WKQIT XMZW \IUJQuV XWZY]M KZMIZyI ]VI QUXWZ\IV\M a IUXTQI KTQMV\MTI Z]ZIT XIZI MT ZuOQUMV XZMWK]XILW XWZ UIV\MVMZ TI XW[M[Q~V LM TI \QMZZI a K][\WLQIZ TI J]ZWKZIKQI IOZIZQI -[I XWTy\QKI ZM[]T\~ IT\IUMV\M MÅKIb X]M[ [QZ^Q~ KWUW KQUQMV\W LM ILUQVQ[\ZIKQWVM[ XW[\MZQWZM[# VW WJ[\IV\M MV [] uXWKI LQ^QLQ~ U]KPI[ KWU]VQLILM[ Z]ZITM[ [MXIZIJI I TW[ MRQLI\IZQW[ TW[ JMVMÅKQIZQW[ LMT XZWOZIUI LM TW[ ZIVKPMZW[ UQVQN]VLQ[\I[ KW TWVQbILWZM[ W \ZIJIRILWZM[ MV PIKQMVLI[ XIZ\QK]TIZM[ -T XZWOZIUI XWVyI uVNI[Q[ MV MT \ZIJIRW 32

LM KIUXW KWTMK\Q^W I M`XMV[I[ LM XMY]M}I[

+MLQTTW I[]UQ~ MT TQLMZIbOW KIUXM[QVW a XZWUW^Q~ [] WZOIVQ

XZWXQMLILM[ [WJZM \WLW MV nZMI[ LM K]T\Q^W[ bIKQ~V IXWaILW XWZ /ZIKQIVW 6 ;nVKPMb IT KMV\ZW LM \ZIRM W[K]ZW ! +WTMKKQ~V" ).;/ KWUMZKQITM[ KWUW MT [Q[IT W MT ITOWL~V 8IZI ! +MLQTTW PIJyI XZWUW^QLW ]VI ZMLQ[\ZQJ]KQ~V LM \QMZZI Un[ ZILQKIT MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y Y]M [M X][W MV N]VKQWVIUQMV\W MV MT ZM[\W LMT XIy[ ;] JI[M LM XWLMZ XMZ[WVIT KWUW aI [M UMVKQWV~ LM[KIV[IJI MV TW[ JMVMÃ&#x2026;KQIZQW[ LMT ZMXIZ\W IOZIZQW aI [MI Y]M ^Q^QMZIV MV TI[ KWTWVQI[ IOZWUQTQ\IZM[ W MV TW[ MRQLW[ M[\I\ITM[ ;QV MUJIZOW [M WXWVyI I TI \MVMVKQI KWTMK\Q^I LM TI \QMZZI LM [QMUJZI a [MO]yI [QMVLW ]V XIZ\QLIZQW Ã&#x2026;MT LMT ^ITWZ LM TI XZWXQMLIL QVLQ^QL]IT LMV\ZW W N]MZI LM M[W[ MRQLW[ W KWTWVQI[ <IUJQuV ZMXZWJIJI TI KWVÃ&#x2026;[KIKQ~V LM TI \QMZZI [QV UW\Q^W Y]M KZMyI QVIXZWXQILI XIZI TI[ KQZK]V[\IVKQI[ LM [] M[\ILW [WJZM \WLW K]IVLW KI][I JI LQ^Q[Q~V MV TI[ KWU]VQLILM[ W LI}IJI TI XZWL]KKQ~V IOZyKWTI ;][ ZIbWVM[ VW N]MZWV [~TW XMZ[WVITM[ ¸IT Ã&#x2026;V a IT KIJW N]M PQRW LM ]V ZIVKPMZW a 8ITWUI[ MZI [] PIKQMVLI XIZ\QK]TIZ¸ [QVW \IUJQuV XZnK\QKI[ 4M XZMWK]XIJI Y]M TI KWVÃ&#x2026;[KIKQ~V LM OZIVLM[ XZWXQMLILM[ LM[MVKI LMVIZI \ZI[\WZVW[ [WKQITM[ a ]V LMKZMUMV\W MV TI XZWL]KKQ~V# XMZW [WJZM \WLW KWV[QLMZIJI Y]M TI IOZQK]T\]ZI KWTMK\Q^I MZI QUXZWL]K\Q^I M QVMÃ&#x2026;KQMV\M 0IKyI uVNI[Q[ MV TW[ XZWJTMUI[ Y]M []NZyIV TW[ MRQLW[ KWTMK\Q^W[ LM ITOWL~V MV TI ZMOQ~V LM 4I 4IO]VI W TW[ LM PMVMY]uV MV A]KI\nV LWVLM PIJyI LQ[UQV]QLW TI XZWL]K\Q^QLIL LM[X]u[ LM TI M`XZWXQIKQ~V 8IZI +MLQTTW TW QLMIT MZI TI XMY]M}I XZWXQMLIL NIUQTQIZ KWUW TW[ ZIVKPW[ MV MT *IRyW a XZWX]OVIJI MRQLW[ KWVNWZUILW[ XWZ XIZKMTI[ QVLQ^QL]ITM[ KWUW \ZIV[QKQ~V I LQKPI NWZUI LM 33

\MVMVKQI -V M[M KWV\M`\W MZI NnKQT Y]M TW[ WXWVMV\M[ LM +MLQTTW ¸QVKT]aMVLW IY]MTTW[ Y]M KWUW /ZIKQIVW ;nVKPMb I[XQZIJIV IT TQLMZIbOW LM TI J]ZWKZIKQI IOZIZQI ÆWZMKQMV\M¸ TW XQV\IZIV KWUW ZMIKKQWVIZQW MVMUQOW LM TI R][\QKQI XIZI TW[ LM[XW[MyLW[ LMT KIUXW a IUQOW a XZW\MK\WZ LM TW[ PIKMVLILW[ ;QV MUJIZOW MZI ]VI UITI IXZMKQIKQ~V KWUW TW LMUW[\ZIJI [] XWX]TIZQLIL MV\ZM TI XWJTIKQ~V Z]ZIT XW\W[QVI ;MZyI Un[ R][\W LMKQZ Y]M \MVyI ]VI ^Q[Q~V LMT KIUXW LQ[\QV\I I TI LMT UWLMTW KWTMK\Q^W NI^WZMKQLW XWZ MT OWJQMZVW a Un[ KMZKIVI I TI[ I[XQZIKQWVM[ LM [][ [MO]QLWZM[ -ZI ]VI ^Q[Q~V Y]M KWUXIZ\yIV U]KPW[ LM TW[ Y]M [M PIJyIV ]VQLW I TI :M^WT]KQ~V MV\ZM ! a !

XIZI LMNMVLMZ TI XMY]M}I XZWXQMLIL KWV\ZI TW[ PIKMVLILW[ LMXZMLILWZM[ W TI LQ[\ZQJ]KQ~V LM TI \QMZZI 6W M[ ]VI KWQVKQLMVKQI Y]M TI =VQ~V LM >M\MZIVW[ BIXI\Q[\I[ X]JTQKIZI ]V UIVQÅM[\W MV R]VQW LM ! MV MT Y]M M`XZM[IJI [] IXWaW IT XZWOZIUI IOZIZQW KMLQTTQ[\I MV ]VI uXWKI MV Y]M TI[ LQNMZMVKQI[ QLMWT~OQKI[ LMT OMVMZIT XW\W[QVW KWV MT OWJQMZVW KMV\ZIT MZIV LMT KWVWKQUQMV\W X JTQKW <IUJQuV M[\IJI KWV[KQMV\M LMT XMTQOZW LM Y]M TI KTI[M MUMZOMV\M LM J]Z~KZI\I[ IOZIZQW[ [M ^WT^QMZI XIZn[Q\I a M`XTW\ILWZI TTM^IVLW I[y I TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ M[XMKQITUMV\M MV TW[ OZIVLM[ MRQLW[ KWTMK\Q^W[ I ]V QV\MZKIUJQW LM ]V IUW XWZ W\ZW )PWZI [M PI ZM^QVLQKILW [] XW[\]ZI MV M[\M [MV\QLW X]M[ [] XMZKMXKQ~V LMT KIUXW M[ Un[ KMZKIVI I TI WZ\WLW`QI IK\]IT Y]M I IY]MTTI Y]M KZM~ TW[ MRQLW[ KWTMK \Q^W[ I ÅVITM[ LM TW[ I}W[ \ZMQV\I LMT [QOTW @@ +MLQTTW XMZUQ\Q~ Y]M [][ WXWVMV\M[ N]MZIV Un[ PnJQTM[ Y]M uT a [M ^QW WJTQOILW I ZMV]VKQIZ IT OIJQVM\M MV IOW[\W LM ! -V ILMTIV\M +nZLMVI[ LMJQTQ\~ [] JI[M LM XWLMZ LM ^IZQI[ UIVMZI[" \ZIV[ÅZQ~ TI M[K]MTI LM I^QIKQ~V a TI XMY]M}I N]MZbI IuZMI XIZ\QK]TIZ I TI KQ]LIL LM 5u`QKW# XMZ UQ\Q~ MT LM[KWV\MV\W TIJWZIT MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y a TIVb~ ]V XZWOZIUI NMLMZIT LM ZMLQ[\ZQJ]KQ~V LM \QMZZI[ MV M[M M[\ILW +WV TI M[XMZIVbI LM Y]M +MLQTTW IKMX\IZI ]VI [ITQLI PWVWZIJTM LM TI ^QLI XWTy\QKI MT XZM[QLMV\M TM WNZMKQ~ MT UIVLW LM TI bWVI UQTQ\IZ MV 5QKPWIKnV MT M[\ILW VI\IT LM +nZ LMVI[ )T QO]IT Y]M /IZZQLW +IVIJIT Y]M [M PIJyI MVNZMV\ILW I ]VI XZM[Q~V [QUQTIZ MV <IJI[KW +MLQTTW [M ZM[Q[\yI I IKMX\IZ [] LMZZW\I +WV[QLMZIJI KILI ^Mb Un[ Y]M [][ LQNMZMVKQI[ KWV +nZLMVI[ MZIV ZM[]T\ILW LM ]V KWVÆQK\W XMZ[WVIT MV MT Y]M M[\IJI MV R]MOW [] PWVWZ -^MV\]ITUMV\M K]IVLW IT XZM[QLMV\M [M TM IKIJ~ TI XIKQMVKQI a ^QIR~ I ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y XIZI KWVNZWV\IZTW MV UIaW LM ! +MLQTTW MUQ\Q~ ]V UIVQÅM[\W LM[KWVWKQMVLW TI ILUQVQ[\ZIKQ~V LM +nZLMVI[ a WZLMV~ Y]M [][ PWU JZM[ [M []JTM^IZIV -T UW^QUQMV\W LM +MLQTTW M[\IJI KWVLMVILW IT NZIKI[W ;QV IXWaW M`\MZVW ¸)TUIbnV a W\ZW[ ITQILW[ XW\MVKQITM[ MZIV LMUI[QILW I[\]\W[ XIZI TM^IV\IZ[M MV IZUI[ MV ]VI I^MV\]ZI \IV QVNWZ\] VILI¸ TI ZMJMTQ~V KWTIX[~ LM[X]u[ LM U]a XWKI[ [MUIVI[ a TI UIaWZyI LM TW[ UW^QTQbILW[ U]ZQM ZWV MV JI\ITTI [M LQ[XMZ[IZWV W [M MV\ZMOIZWV )TO]VW[ [QO]QMZWV N]OQ\Q^W[ L]ZIV\M Un[ \QMUXW# LM PMKPW MT T\QUW ZMJMTLM KMLQTTQ[\I MV LMXWVMZ TI[ IZUI[ N]M -XQNIVQW ,]Y]M KWTWVW LM )O]I 6]M^I LMT 6WZ\M MV ! +MLQTTW P]a~ I TI[ UWV\I}I[ a MUQ\Q~ ]V [MO]VLW UIVQÅM[\W QV\MV\IVLW R][\QÅKIZ [] ZMJMTQ~V# IVL]^W XZ~N]OW L]ZIV\M ^IZQW[ UM[M[ ;MZyI ]VI ^MZO MVbI XIZI MT OWJQMZVW a ]V XW[QJTM NWKW LM ZMJMTQ~V [Q MV ! MT KIVLQLI\W LMZZW\ILW MV TI[ MTMKKQWVM[ XZM[QLMVKQITM[ XWZ 34

MRMUXTW )TUIbnV [M ZMP][IZI I IKMX\IZ MT ZM

4I NIUQTQI +MKQTQI QbY]QMZLI a 5IZyI LM TI 4]b

[]T\ILW WÃ&#x2026;KQIT +MLQTTW LMKTQV~ ^IZQW[ QV\MV\W[ P MZUIVI[ LMT OMVMZIT +MLQTTW KI !

LMT OWJQMZVW LM MV\ZMOIZ[M a M`QTQIZ[M XWZY]M +WTMKKQ~V" )/6 ,,/

MVKWV\ZIJI TI QLMI P]UQTTIV\M W XWZY]M \MUyI Y]M TW I[M[QVIZIV TW K]IT MZI QUXZWJIJTM X]M[ +nZLMVI[ VW \ZI\IJI I[y I [][ WXWVMV\M[ XWTy\QKW[ -^MV\]ITUMV\M \ZQ]VNI TI \ZIQKQ~V LWVLM NITTIV TI N]MZbI a TI XMZ[]I[Q~V :M^MTILW [] XIZILMZW +MLQTTW N]M KIX\]ZILW a N][QTILW XWZ ]VI XI\Z]TTI LMT MRuZKQ\W MT LM MVMZW LM ! ! R]V\W KWV [] PQRW -TWLQW ! ,M[X]u[ LMT KWTIX[W LM TI ZMJMTQ~V LM +MLQTTW TI[ N]MZbI[ IZUILI[ XW\W[QVI[ IK\]IZWV KWUW ]V MRuZKQ\W LM WK]XIKQ~V LM UIVW L]ZI 0IJyI IJ][W[ NZMK]MV\M[ QVKT]aMVLW ZWJW[ ^QWTIKQWVM[ a I[M[QVI\W[ a KWV\QV]~ TI ZMXZM[Q~V LM[X]u[ LM TI U]MZ\M LM +MLQTTW )Y]MTTW[ Y]M N]MZWV VWUJZILW[ XIZI UIVMRIZ TI J]ZWKZIKQI IOZIZQI MV MT M[\ILW PQKQMZWV [MV\QZ [] XZM[MVKQI I KW[\I LM TW[ JMVMÃ&#x2026;KQIZQW[ LMT KTQMV\MTQ[UW LM +MLQTTW 0]JW XZM[Q~V [WJZM TI[ KWTWVQI[ IOZy KWTI[ UQTQ\IZM[ a ITO]VW[ XMZLQMZWV [][ \QMZZI[ Y]M N]MZWV MV\ZMOILI[ I [][ ^MKQVW[ aI N]MZIV ZIVKPW[ W MRQLW[ A I[y KWUW TI[ V]M^I[ I]\WZQLILM[ XMZ[MO]yIV I QVLQ^QL]W[ a KWU]VQLILM[ TMITM[ I +MLQTTW \IUJQuV NI^WZMKyIV I IY]MTTW[ Y]M PIJyIV WX\ILW XWZ MT OWJQMZVW NMLMZIT \WTMZIVLW [] WXWZ\]VQ[UW ] W\WZOnVLWTM[ X]M[\W[ a XZQ^QTMOQW[ 4I[ I]\WZQLILM[ LMT M[\ILW XMZ[QO]QMZWV I TI NIUQTQI +MLQTTW# ITO]VW[ LM [][ UQMUJZW[ N]MZWV NWZbILW[ I M`QTQIZ[M MV -[\ILW[ =VQLW[ K]IVLW ;I\]ZVQVW [M ZMJMT~ :MOZM[IZWV XMZW I Ã&#x2026;VITM[ LM ! [] PMZUIVI 0QOQVQI N]M [MK]M[\ZILI a I[M[QVILI XWZ XQ[\WTMZW[ JIRW TI[ ~ZLMVM[ LMT V]M^W OWJMZVILWZ LMT M[\ILW :MaVITLW 8uZMb /ITTIZLW 0QOQVQI LM KIZnK\MZ XMZ\QVIb N]M 35

]VI LMNMV[WZI LM TI UMUWZQI LM [] PMZUI VW a LM TW[ LMZMKPW[ LM [][ [MO]QLWZM[# MV M[M UQ[UW I}W PIJyI XIZ\QKQXILW MV TI KIUXI}I MTMK\WZIT LM )TUIbnV ;M Z]UWZIJI Y]M +MLQTTW PIJyI M[KWVLQLW TQVOW\M[ LM WZW MV MT M[\ILW a Y]Qbn [] U]MZ\M [MI KWV[MK]MVKQI LM TW[ M[N]MZbW[ QV \QTM[ XWZ LM[K]JZQZ MT XIZILMZW LMT UM\IT ,M K]ITY]QMZ UIVMZI [] I[M[QVI\W TM KW[\~ [] X]M[\W IT aI QUXWX]TIZ 8uZMb /ITTIZLW +MLQTTW LMR~ XWKI[ XZWXQMLILM[ [IT^W [] PIKQMVLI MV 8ITWUI[ [IY]MILI XWZ TI[ \ZWXI[ NMLMZITM[ a ]V KWV LWUQVQW MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y Y]M TMO~ I ]VI PMZUIVI I Y]QMV [M TW LMNZI]LIZWV 0Wa MV LyI MT [Q\QW TW WK]XI ]V MLQÅKQW LMT 1;;;<- ,]ZIV\M U]KPW[ I}W[ TW[ ^M\MZIVW[ LM +MLQTTW IJZ]UILW[ M QV\QUQLILW[ VW [M

0QOQVQI PMZUIVI LM ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW U]RMZ KWUJI\Q^I [QMUXZM LMNMVLQ~ TW[ QLMITM[ LMT OMVMZIT KI !

I\ZM^QMZWV I PIKMZ VQVO]VI KMTMJZIKQ~V W KWV

+WTMKKQ~V" )/6 ,,/

UMUWZIKQ~V X JTQKI MV PWVWZ LM [] RMNM ,M

PIJMZTW PMKPW TI[ I]\WZQLILM[ XWLZyIV PIJMZTI[ QV\MZXZM\ILW KWUW IK\W[ LM ZMJMTQ~V a TI[ PIJZyIV ZMXZQUQLW ;QV MUJIZOW VW UMZU~ TI TMIT\IL I +MLQTTW +WUW -UQTQIVW BIXI\I MV TW[ X]MJTW[ LM 5WZMTW[ ¸W\ZW TyLMZ IOZIZQW XZWUQVMV\M ^MVMZILW XWZ [][ [MO]QLWZM[¸ MV TI[ KWTWVQI[ IOZIZQI[ a TW[ I[MV\IUQMV\W[ KMZKIVW[ [M LMKyI Y]M MT OWJQMZVW V]VKI PIJZyI XWLQLW MVKWV\ZIZ I +MLQTTW Y]M VW N]M I[M[QVILW X]M[ M[\IJI M[KWVLQLW M[XMZIVLW I IXIZMKMZ MV MT UWUMV\W ILMK]ILW +WV MT \QMUXW UMRWZ~ MT IUJQMV\M XIZI TI NIUQTQI a [MO]QLWZM[ LM +MLQTTW -T LM MVMZW LM ! MV [] LMKQUWY]QV\W IVQ^MZ[IZQW T]K\]W[W [M TTM^~ I KIJW ]V [MZ^QKQW KWVUMUWZI\Q^W X JTQKW MV TI KZQX\I NIUQTQIZ KMZKI LM 8ITWUI[ -[\I KZQX\I ¸]VI M[\Z]K\]ZI VMWO~\QKI Y]M PIJyI UIVLILW KWV[\Z]QZ ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW MV PWVWZ I [][ LW[ PMZUIVW[ NI^WZQ\W[ +TMWNI[ a 5IOLITMVW¸ KWV\QMVM TW[ ZM[\W[ LM 5IOLITMVW a TnXQLI[ LM ^IZQW[ UQMUJZW[ LM TI NIUQ TQI QVKT]QLW[ TW[ XILZM[ LM ;I\]ZVQVW )UILW a 8IV\ITMWVI <IUJQuV PIa ]V \M[\QUWVQIT I ;I\]ZVQVW LM [] PMZUIVI -VOZIKQI +MLQTTW LM 4]VI >M[\QLI LM T]\W -VOZIKQI ZMÆMRIJI KWV IUIZO]ZI MT LM[LQKPILW LM[\QVW LM \IV\W[ NIUQTQIZM[ []aW[ ;M WNZMKQMZWV LQ[K]Z[W[ MV \WVW KWVKQTQI\WZQW a [M TTM^~ I KIJW MT PWUMVIRM JIRW TI ^QOQTIVKQI LM TI[ I]\WZQLILM[ TWKITM[ -[M IK\W UIZK~ MT QVQKQW LM ]V TMV\W XZWKM[W LM ZMPIJQTQ\IKQ~V XWTy\QKI LM ;I\]ZVQVW +M LQTTW L]ZIV\M MT K]IT PI XI[ILW LM[LM [MZ ]V ZMVMOILW a \ZIQLWZ I KWV^MZ\QZ[M MV ]VI ÅO]ZI 36

KWV\ZW^MZ\QLI LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V PI[\I [MZ ZMKWZLILW PWa MV LyI KWUW ]V VW\IJTM TyLMZ ZM^W T]KQWVIZQW a XZW\MK\WZ LM TI ZMLQ[\ZQJ]KQ~V LM TI \QMZZI 8IZI [][ [MO]QLWZM[ XWZ KQMZ\W V]VKI PIJyI [QLW UMVW[ Y]M ]V PuZWM a VW VMKM[Q\IJI [MZ ZMKWVWKQLW 6W WJ[\IV\M XIZI TI[ I]\WZQ LILM[ Y]M OWJMZVIZWV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y MV TW[ I}W[ K]IZMV\I a KQVK]MV\I LMT [QOTW @@ [] UM UWZQI ZMXZM[MV\~ ]V XZWJTMUI 6ILQM XWLyI VMOIZ Y]M N]M ]VI ÅO]ZI VW\IJTM XIZI TI ZMNWZUI IOZIZQI ¸]V MTMUMV\W M[MVKQIT MV TI QLMWTWOyI WÅKQIT¸ VQ Y]M PIJyI LM[MUXM}ILW ]V XIXMT QUXWZ\IV\M MV MT [WNWKIUQMV\W LM TI[ ZMJMTQWVM[ UQTQ\IZM[ MV TW[ I}W[ ^MQV\M a LM TI O]MZZI KZQ[\MZI )LMUn[ PIJyI IXWaILW I 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ MT XZM[QLMV\M Un[ XZM[\QOQW[W LM[LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V K]IVLW KWV\MVLQ~ XWZ TI XZM[QLMVKQI A [QV MUJIZOW [M ZMJMT~ KWV\ZI uT K]IVLW LMJQTQ\~ MT KWV\ZWT Y]M +MLQTTW MRMZKyI MV [] M[\ILW VI\IT TW Y]M TW ]JQK~ MV TI KI\MOWZyI LM KWV\ZIZZM^WT]KQWVIZQW a \ZIQLWZ IT ZuOQUMV =VI ^Mb KITUILI TI XZQUMZI WTMILI LMT ITbIUQMV\W KMLQTTQ[\I TI ZMIKKQ~V QVQKQIT LMT OW JQMZVW N]M KI[Q VMOIZ TI M`Q[\MVKQI LMT OMVMZIT XW\W[QVW ;M UQVQUQbIZWV [][ TWOZW[ a [] QUXWZ \IVKQI" N]M XZnK\QKIUMV\M MTQUQVILW LM TI PQ[\WZQI WÅKQIT KWV M`KMXKQ~V LM [] ZM^]MT\I KWUW XQM LM XnOQVI ;WV TW[ M[KZQ\WZM[ a VW TW[ ^MVKQLW[ VQ TW[ U]MZ\W[ Y]QMVM[ ÅRIV TI PQ[\WZQI +WV [MO]ZQLIL VILQM Y]M P]JQMZI ^Q[Q\ILW 5u`QKW I LQMb I}W[ LM U]MZ\M LM +MLQTTW PIJZyI QUIOQ VILW K]nV QUXWZ\IV\M N]M [] ÅO]ZI -V TW[ I}W[ XW[\MZQWZM[ I [] LMKM[W VQVO V VMOWKQW MLQÅ KQW X JTQKW W KITTM TTM^IJI [] VWUJZM 0IKQI UMLQILW[ LM TW[ I}W[ KQVK]MV\I [QV MUJIZOW TI[ I]\WZQLILM[ aI M[\IJIV LQ[X]M[\I[ I ZMKWVWKMZ I]VY]M N]MZI LM UITI OIVI [] QVÆ]MVKQI MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y a [M X]JTQKIZWV ^IZQW[ IZ\yK]TW[ ZMTI\Q^IUMV\M WJRM\Q^W[ [WJZM uT MV TI XZMV[I TWKIT ;M QV[\Q\]KQWVITQb~ ILMUn[ TI KWVUMUWZIKQ~V LM [] U]MZ\M a XWKW I XWKW [M QVKZMUMV\~ MT V UMZW LM XMZ[WVI[ Y]M I[Q[\yIV I TI KMZMUWVQI 8IZI ÅVITM[ LM TW[ I}W[ [M[MV\I ]VW LM TW[ M`\MTMOZIÅ[\I[ LM +MLQTTW MT KWZWVMT 5IV]MT .]MV\M[ 2QUuVMb Y]QMV TW PIJyI IKWUXI}ILW MV TI [QMZZI L]ZIV\M ^IZQW[ UM[M[ LM[X]u[ LM [] ZMJMTQ~V a IV\M[ LM Y]M MT XZWXQW +MLQTTW TW MV^QIZI I ]VI UQ[Q~V I TI KQ]LIL LM 5u`QKW Ia]L~ I ÅVIVKQIZ TI KMZMUWVQI )[Q[\y XWZ XZQUMZI ^Mb IT M^MV\W MV ! IKWUXI}ILW LM UQ M[XW[I a LW[ IUQOW[ LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y ,QUW[ ^]MT\I I TI LMZMKPI MV TI KIZZM\MZI Y]M ^I LM TI KIXQ\IT I +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb a \ZIV[Q\IUW[ XWZ ^IZQW[ SQT~UM\ZW[ TI \MZZIKMZyI Y]M [MZXMV\MI TI[ KWTQVI[ IKKQLMV\ILI[ a nZQLI[ 6W PIJyI KIUJQILW MT XIQ[IRM MV \WLW[ TW[ I}W[ LM[LM Y]M /ZIPIU /ZMMVM MT VW^MTQ[\I QVOTu[ PQbW MT UQ[UW ^QIRM XIZI MV\ZM^Q[\IZ I ;I\]ZVQVW MV ! KWUW Un[ ILMTIV\M UM TW VIZZI ZyI MT XZWXQW M[KZQ\WZ .QVITUMV\M WJ[MZ^IUW[ MV MT NWVLW LMT ^ITTM MT XMY]M}W I[MV\IUQMV\W Z]ZIT LM 8ITWUI[ >Q[Q\IUW[ MT KMUMV\MZQW a [MO]QUW[ I ]V XMY]M}W OZ]XW Y]M M[K]KPIJI LQ[K]Z[W[ -V M[\M MV\WVKM[ MZI ZMITUMV\M ]VI ZM]VQ~V LM ÅMTM[ 4I[ XMZ[WVI[ Y]M I[Q[\yIV MZIV KI[Q MV [] \W\ITQLIL XIZ\QLIZQW[ LM +MLQTTW a LM[KWVÅIJIV LM TW[ NWZI[\MZW[ =VW LM MTTW[ UM M`XTQK~ Y]M MV MT XI[ILW PIJyIV I[Q[\QLW IOMV\M[ LMT OWJQMZVW XIZI ^QOQTIZ MT M^MV\W 0I[\I Y]M UM IKMZY]u IT KWZWVMT .]MV\M[ I Y]QMV PIJyI KWVWKQLW MV TI KQ]LIL LM 5u`QKW \ZM[ I}W[ 37

4W[ XWTy\QKW[ [QMUXZM LQ[X]M[\W[ I KWV^WKIZ U]T\Q\]LM[ KI ! +WTMKKQ~V" ).;/

38

39

IV\M[ N]QUW[ WJRM\W LM UQZILI[ K]ZQW[I[ VW LMT \WLW IUQOIJTM[ -T KWZWVMT UM ZMKWVWKQ~ a VW[ LQW ]VI KnTQLI JQMV^MVQLI I TW Y]M LM[KZQJQ~ KWUW ¹TI VQKI ZM]VQ~V XWTy\QKI M[XWV\nVMI MV 5u`QKWº -V[MO]QLI VW[ XZM[MV\~ I TW[ I[Q[\MV\M[ I TI KMZMUWVQI QVKT]aMVLW ]V [WJZQVW LM +MLQTTW 6QKWTn[ Y]QMV O]IZLIJI ]V OZIV XIZMKQLW KWV [] \yW 5n[ \IZLM MT KWZWVMT .]MV\M[ VW[ QV^Q\~ I TI KWUQLI Y]M [MO]yI I TI KWVUMUWZIKQ~V 6W[ [MV\IUW[ MV ]VI UM[I LM KIJITTM\M[ N]MZI LM ]VI LM TI[ KI[I[ LMT X]MJTW -T UMV MZI \yXQKW LM ZIVKPW TW[ ITQUMV\W[ Y]M +MLQTTW PIJyI KWUQLW ]V [QVV UMZW LM ^MKM[" XWTTW UWTM a IZZWb IKWUXI}ILW LM \MY]QTI a KMZ^MbI 4I KWV^MZ[IKQ~V OQZ~ MV \WZVW I TW[ TWOZW[ LMT OM VMZIT MV [] XIXMT KWUW ZMNWZUILWZ IOZIZQW a [] KIZQ[UI LM TyLMZ UQTQ\IZ 4I[ XMZ[WVI[ Y]M TW PIJyIV KWVWKQLW LM KMZKI KWV\IJIV IVuKLW\I[ [WJZM [][ IK\W[ LM OMVMZW[QLIL a MVNI\QbIJIV [] XZW`QUQLIL KWV uT 4W[ Un[ R~^MVM[ XTI\QKIJIV TW Y]M PIJyIV M[K]KPILW LM JWKI LM IUQOW[ a XIZQMV\M[ <WLI[ [][ XITIJZI[ LMVW\IJIV KIZQ}W a ZM[XM\W 4I ZM]VQ~V XIZMKyI ]VI KMTMJZIKQ~V NIUQTQIZ XIZI KWVUMUWZIZ I ]V XIZQMV\M ^MVMZILW Un[ Y]M ]V IK\W XWTy\QKW 6W PIJyI XZMV[I a U]a XWKI OMV\M Un[ ITTn LM +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb a TW[ U]VQKQXQW[ KMZKIVW[ a LMT KyZK]TW LM TW[ IV\QO]W[ [MO]QLWZM[ LM +MLQTTW a [][ XIZQMV\M[ [IJyI LM TI ZM]VQ~V -ZI KQMZ\W KWUW QV[QV]~ MT KWZWVMT .]MV\M[ Y]M Y]QMVM[ I[Q[\yIV ZMITUMV\M LM[MIJIV M[\IZ ITTy a [M PIJyIV M[NWZbILW XWZ IK]LQZ 7KPW I}W[ LM[X]u[ K]IVLW \ZIJIRIJI MV TI MUJIRILI JZQ\nVQKI MV 5u`QKW ^WT^y I I[Q[\QZ I TI KMZMUWVQI 6W XMZKQJy U]KPW[ KIUJQW[ [IT^W Y]M R]V\W KWV ITO]VW[ [MO]QLWZM[ LM +M LQTTW a [] NIUQTQI I[Q[\QMZWV MT XZM[QLMV\M U]VQKQXIT LM +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb a I]\WZQLILM[ LM U]VQKQXQW[ ^MKQVW[ 5M XIZMKyI Y]M TW Y]M PIJyI QVQKQIVLW TI PMZUIVI LM +MLQTTW a ITO]VW[ [MO]QLWZM[ \ZMQV\I I}W[ IV\M[ KWUW ]V LM[INyW IPWZI MZI ]VI KQ\I ZMKWVWKQLI MV MT KITMVLIZQW [WKQIT ¸a PI[\I XWTy\QKW¸ LMT LQ[\ZQ\W -V !! MT 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM -[\]LQW[ 0Q[\~ZQKW[ LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V 5M`QKIVI a MT )Z KPQ^W LMT -[\ILW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y X]JTQKIZWV ]VI \ZIL]KKQ~V IT M[XI}WT LM UQ JQWOZINyI LM ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW )OZIZQIV ?IZTWZL ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW IVL \PM 5M`QKIV :M^WT]\QWV QV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[Q -T KI]LQTTW IOZIZQ[\I" ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW a TI :M^WT]KQ~V UM`QKIVI MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 4I LWK\WZI 1[IJMT 5WVZWa LM 5IZ\y MV\WVKM[ LQZMK\WZI LMT )ZKPQ^W LMT -[\ILW UM QV^Q\~ MV R]VQW LM M[M I}W I XZM[MV\IZ TI V]M^I MLQKQ~V LMT TQJZW MV MT MLQÅKQW LMT )ZKPQ^W )KMX\u O][\W[W XWKW [MO]ZW LM K]nV\W QV\MZu[ XWLZyI OMVMZIZ MT TQJZW a XZMO]V\nVLWUM [Q \IV [~TW IK]LQZyI ]VI LWKMVI LM IUQOW[ a \ZIJIRILWZM[ LMT )ZKPQ^W 8IZI UQ [WZXZM[I [M TTMV~ MT [IT~V a ILMUn[ [M X][W ]VI XIV \ITTI N]MZI Y]M \ZIV[UQ\yI TI XZM[MV\IKQ~V I ]V OZ]XW KWV[QLMZIJTM LM XMZ[WVI[# [QV L]LI TI ^QLI LM ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW OMVMZIJI Un[ QV\MZu[ LMT Y]M aW PIJyI QUIOQVILW 5M [WZXZMVLQ~ I V Un[ ^MZ IT OWJMZVILWZ 0WZIKQW ;nVKPMb =Vb]M\I [MV\ILW MV XZQUMZI ÅTI IKWUXI}ILW LMT XZM[QLMV\M U]VQKQXIT a W\ZW[ LQOVI\IZQW[ TWKITM[ 9]Qbn XMV[u aI M[\IJIV XZMXIZILI[ TI[ I]\WZQLILM[ I ^ITWZIZ I +MLQTTW ¸KWV [][ NWZ\ITMbI[ a LMJQTQLILM[ ^QZ\]LM[ a LMNMK\W[¸ KWUW 40

TI QUXWZ\IV\M ร O]ZI PQ[\~ZQKI Y]M M[ )LMUn[

+MLQTTW MV J][KI LM [] J]MVI QUIOMV ^Q[Q\~ 0WTTa_WWL LWVLM [M MVKWV\Z~ KWV TI LQ^I 4]XQ\I <W^IZ a KWV ]V [MV\IZ I KI[Q \WLW[ TW[ [MK\WZM[ LM TI [WKQMLIL LQZMK\Q^W LM TW[ M[\]LQW[ 5/5 KI ! +WTMKKQ~V" ).;/

LM M[W[ XMZ[WVIRM[ MT Xย JTQKW XIZMKyI ZMXZM

XW\W[QVI ,M[X]u[ LM TW[ LQ[K]Z[W[ [M X][QMZWV LM XQM \ZM[ LIUI[ a [M IKMZKIZWV IT XWLQW# MZIV UQMUJZW[ LM TI NIUQTQI 4IZI +MLQTTW a UM ZMOITIZWV ]V XMZOIUQVW KWV ]VI LMLQKI\WZQI IOZILMKQuVLWUM UQ[ QV^M[\QOIKQWVM[ [WJZM TI ^QLI LM [] IVKM[\ZW .]M ]V OM[\W \IV QVM[XMZILW KWUW MUW\Q^W ,M[X]u[ LM TI KMZMUWVQI ^IZQI[ LWKMVI[ LM TW[ XZM[MV\M[ UM XQLQMZWV Y]M I]\WOZIร IZI [][ TQJZW[# UM QUXZM[QWV~ TI LQ^MZ[QLIL LM XMZ[WVI[ Y]M IK]LQMZWV IXIZ\M LM IUQOW[ XMZ[WVITM[ NIUQTQIZM[ LM +MLQTTW M PQ[\WZQILWZM[ TWKITM[# LM[LM N]VKQWVIZQW[ a XWTy\QKW[ XW\W[QVW[ XZWUQVMV\M[ PI[\I ]V UIM[\ZW LM M[K]MTI Y]M PIJyI ^QIRILW LM[LM TI 0]I[\MKI XIZI XZM[MVKQIZ TI KMZMUWVQI a ILY]QZQZ ]VI KWXQI LMT TQJZW XIZI TI JQJTQW\MKI LM [] KWU]VQLIL a ]V ZMXZM[MV\IV\M LM ]VI LM TI[ KWTWVQI[ IOZIZQI[ Y]M PIJyI N]VLILW +MLQTTW +QVK]MV\I a KQVKW I}W[ LM[X]u[ LM [] U]MZ\M ;I\]ZVQVW KWV\QV]IJI MRMZKQMVLW [] NI[KQVIKQ~V MV TI XWJTI KQ~V TWKIT 8MZW TI WKI[Q~V N]M Un[ Y]M TI UMZI XZM[MV\IKQ~V LM ]V TQJZW ZM[]T\~ [MZ ]V IK\W LM ZMKWVKQTQIKQ~V XWTy\QKI -V ITO]VI uXWKI P]JQMZI [QLW QVKWVKMJQJTM Y]M UQMUJZW[ LM TI NIUQTQI +MLQTTW KWUXIZ\QMZIV ]V M^MV\W LM M[I VI\]ZITMbI KWV MT OWJMZVILWZ LMT M[\ILW a TI[ I]\WZQLILM[ TWKITM[ 8WZ ร V PI [QLW ZMPIJQTQ\ILI Xย JTQKIUMV\M TI UMUWZQI LM +MLQTTW +WUW LQRW MT XZWNM[WZ /]QTTMZUW 5IZ` ]V LQ[\QVO]QLW XW\W[QVW IT [ITQZ LMT IK\W" ยน-[\I VWKPM [M PIV KMZZILW U]KPI[ PMZQLI[ MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[yยบ 41

151

-V M[I WKI[Q~V 1[UIMT +I[I[WTI TW IKWUXI}~ I K]JZQZ MT NW\WZZMXWZ\IRM a TWOZ~ KIX\]ZIZ QUnOMVM[ TMOMVLIZQI[ KWUW IY]MTTI MV TI Y]M [M ^M I +MLQTTW LM K]MZXW KWUXTM\W UWV\ILW MV [] KIJITTW MV ]VI OZIV KWV\ZIXQKILI# TI ร O]ZI LMT M`[MKZM\IZQW [M MVOZIVLMKM IT M[\IZ KIX \ILI LM[LM ]V nVO]TW ^Q[]IT U]a JIRW 8WZ I}W[ PI KQZK]TILW MV XMZQ~LQKW[ ZM^Q[\I[ a TQJZW[ M QVKT][W [QV MT KZuLQ\W KWZZM[XWVLQMV\M a [M PI KWV^MZ\QLW MV ]VI QUIOMV QK~VQKI a ZMK]ZZMV\M LMT RMNM ZMJMTLM 8]JTQKIZWV Un[ LM ]VI ^MQV\MVI LM NW\W[ \WUILI[ XWZ 1[UIMT LM TI KI[I MT ZIVKPW a TW[ UIQbITM[ MV 8ITWUI[ XMZW u[I PI [WJZM[ITQLW MV MT XIV\M~V LM TW[ IV\QPuZWM[ 4I[ LMKTIZIKQWVM[ LM +MLQTTW IKMV\]IZWV [][ LQNMZMVKQI[ KWV +nZLMVI[ XWZ TI UIVMZI MV Y]M [M ZMXIZ\yI TI \QMZZI" MT KWVKMX\W LM MRQLW KWTMK\Q^W KIZLMVQ[\I VW MZI KWUXI\QJTM KWV MT KWVKMX\W KMLQTTQ[\I LMT ZMXIZ\W IOZIZQW 1VKT][W UIVQNM[\~ M`XTyKQ\IUMV\M [] LM[IK]MZLW KWV MT UWLW MV Y]M [M ZMITQbIJI MV 4I 4IO]VI MV <WZZM~V 8IZI KWUXZMVLMZ [] XW[\]ZI [~TW PIKM NIT\I TMMZ TW" ยน5u`QKW [~TW TTMOIZn I [MZ OZIVLM K]IVLW TW[ OWJQMZVW[ ZMKWVWbKIV IT KIUXM[QVW ยธVW IT WJZMZWยธ KWUW TI [I^QI Y]M X]MLI ZMR]^MVMKMZ I TI VIKQ~V LM \IV\W[ UITM[ Y]M TI IKPIKIVยบ 4I PQ[\WZQI KWV\QV]~ -T WTNI\W LM +nZLMVI[ MZI M`XMZ\W a I[MZ\Q^W# MT LM 8IOu[ 4TMZOW VW [M Y]MLIJI I\Zn[ <IT ^Mb IUJW[ IJZM^IZWV MV TI[ UQ[UI[ N]MV\M[ QVNWZUI\Q^I[ ,M \IT []MZ\M Y]M LM[X]u[ LM TI M`XZWXQIKQ~V XM\ZWTMZI MV UIZbW LM ! aI [WJZM I^Q[W +nZLMVI[ MT LM UIaW ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW [M TM^IV\~ MV IZUI[ KWV\ZI [] M`KWUXILZM LMT ITUI M`RMNM M`IUQOW M`KWTMOI Iย V UIVLI\IZQW LM TI VIKQ~V 4W[ LyI[ Y]M [QO]QMZWV MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y XTMVW[ LM MVNZMV\IUQMV\W[ LM[IKQMZ\W[ QVKIXIKQLIL LM VMOWKQIKQ~V a P]QLI LM +MLQTTW M[ NIK\QJTM ZMKWV[\Z]QZTW[ OZIKQI[ I TW[ M[\]LQW[ LWK]UMV\ITM[ TI PMUMZWOZINyI a TI[ NW\WOZINyI[ LM TI uXWKI .]M -VZQY]M ,yIb Y]QMV TWOZ~ TWKITQbIZ I +MLQTTW MV TI[ UWV\I}I[ MV\ZM^Q[\IZTW KWV[\I \IZ Y]M ^Q^yI U]a MVNMZUW [QV ZMK]Z[W[ MKWV~UQKW[ M[KWVLQLW a [QV nVQUW LM KWVKQTQIZ W VMOWKQIZ KWV MT XZM[QLMV\M +nZLMVI[ 4I [MK]MVKQI NW\WOZnร KI LM ,yIb WNZMKM ]VI XQ[\I QV^I T]IJTM XIZI KWUXZMVLMZ TI VI\]ZITMbI LM ]V UW^QUQMV\W NITTQLW LM[LM [] WZQOMV ILMUn[ LM M^QLMVKQIZ TI VMOI\Q^I LMT XZQUMZ UIVLI\IZQW I KWVNZWV\IZTW PI[\I [] U]MZ\M 4I[ QUnOMVM[ LWK]UMV\ITM[ [M ZMITQbIZWV KWV QV\MVKQWVM[ QVNWZUI\Q^I[ XIZI TI[ ZM^Q[\I[ 0Wa LM :MOQVW 0MZ VnVLMb 4TMZOW a :W\WNW\W LMT UQ[UW 2W[u 8IOu[ 4TMZOW <IUJQuV [M X]JTQKIZWV MV TI ZM^Q[\I 4QNM TW Y]M TM [QOVQร K~ I -VZQY]M ,yIb TI OTWZQI a MT QVร MZVW :MKWVWKQLW KWUW ]V OZIV NW\~OZINW MV MT UMLQW ZMXWZ\MZQT a MLQ\WZQIT TW[ [MK\WZM[ Un[ ZILQ KITM[ LM TI QbY]QMZLI UM`QKIVI Y]Q[QMZWV ^MZ MV [] QVNWZUIKQ~V OZnร KI ]VI XW[\]ZI ZMIKKQWVIZQI a IV\QKIZLMVQ[\I 7\ZW[ [MK\WZM[ [QV MUJIZOW UW[\ZIZWV [] ILUQZIKQ~V XWZ uT 0I[\I TI NMKPI PIa Y]QMV TW ^M KWUW ]V LM\ZIK\WZ XWZ J][KIZ TI VW\I QVNWZUI\Q^I WXWZ\]VI I]LIb QV[W[XM KPILI a ยนKI[Qยบ QUXW[QJTM LM ZMITQbIZ -T KWVKMX\W LM QVNWZUIKQ~V JQTI\MZIT VW M`Q[\yI MV\WVKM[ UMVW[ Iย V K]IVLW 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ MVNZMV\IJI U]KPW[ MVMUQOW[ LMV\ZW a N]MZI LMT XIy[ ;M ^MyI KWUW ]V IK\W LM IT\I \ZIQKQ~V MV\ZM^Q[\IZ IT TyLMZ ZMJMTLM a LIZTM KWJMZ\]ZI VIKQWVIT 152

;QV MUJIZOW TI[ QUnOMVM[ LMT /WZLQ\W ,yIb N]MZWV KWVKMJQLI[ KWV ]VI QV\MVKQ~V QV NWZUI\Q^I a LWK]UMV\ILI Y]M J][KIJI UW[\ZIZ ^MZIKQLIL W XWZ TW UMVW[ PIKMZTI[ XIZMKMZ ^MZW[yUQTM[ IL[KZQ\I[ I ]V IT\W [MV\QLW XTn[\QKW -[\W[ I[XMK\W[ u\QKW[ XZWNM[QWVITM[ a NWZUITM[ VW N]MZWV KWUXZMVLQLW[ MV [] UWUMV\W XWZ TW[ [MK\WZM[ XWTy\QKW[ Y]M TI[ ^QMZWV KWUW ]VI XZW^WKIKQ~V LM TI LMZMKPI LMT XIy[ ;QV MUJIZOW KWV MT \QMUXW [M KWV^QZ\QMZWV MV TW[ XQTIZM[ LMT NW\WXMZQWLQ[UW UWLMZVW a KWV\MUXWZnVMW UM`QKIVW -V M[\M KI[W MT ][W [WKQIT LM TI QUIOMV ZMJI[~ TW[ TyUQ\M[ QVNWZUI\Q^W[ a [M \ZIV[NWZUW MV ]V QV[\Z]UMV\W LM KWV\ZIX]V\W LQZQOQLW I TW[ MLQ\WZM[ a NW\~OZINW[ LM ZM^Q[\I[ 4I O]MZZI LM \QV\I LMZZIUILI MV \WZVW I MTTW M[ ]VI IXI[QWVIV\M PQ[\WZQI KWV OZI^M[ KWV[MK]MVKQI[ 5]KPW[ ZMLIK\WZM[ LM QbY]QMZLI ZMV]VKQIZWV I [] MUXTMW MV TI ZM^Q[\I 0Wa# W\ZW[ N]MZWV LM[XMLQLW[ KWUW )V\WVQW +IZZQTTW LMT LQIZQW -T 6IKQWVIT Y]QMV IT XIZMKMZ X]JTQK~ NW\WOZINyI[ LM +nZLMVI[ a [] OIJQVM\M MV KITbWVKQTTW[ MV :W\WNW\W# \WLI ]VI PQ[\WZQI LM ^IZQW[ UI\QKM[ a IT\W[ KWV\ZI[\M[ .QVITUMV\M MT LM MVMZW LM ! ! MV TI [QMZZI LM 4I >MV\IVI MT M`OMVMZIT ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW 5IZ\yVMb [M MVKWV\Z~ LM NZMV\M KWV TI U]MZ\M +WUMV\I +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL LW[ ^MZ[QWVM[ [WJZM [] LMKM[W TI WÅKQIT a TI KMLQTTQ[\I 4I WÅKQIT M[ MT MVK]MV\ZW MV\ZM TW[ ZMJMTLM[ a TW[ NMLMZITM[ LM[X]u[ LM UM[M[ LM J [Y]MLI 4I [MO]VLI PIJTI LM TI U]MZ\M I KI][I LM TI \ZIQKQ~V LM *TI[ :]Qb ]VW LM TW[ PWUJZM[ Y]M TM TTM^IJIV KWUQLI Y]QMV TW MV\ZMO~ I TW[ NMLM ZITM[ ;MI KWUW N]MZM TW KQMZ\W M[ Y]M MVNMZUW KIV[ILW MV ]V QV\MV\W XWZ UIV\MVMZ [] ÅO]ZI LM KI]LQTTW MV [][ \QMZZI[ Y]ML~ QUXZM[I [] QUIOMV ÅVIT !

0]JW ]VI T\QUI NW\WOZINyI LMT PWUJZM LM 8ITWUI[# [M XZWL]RW KWUW MT T\QUW LQ[XIZW LM[X]u[ LMT \QZW LM OZIKQI Y]M ZMKQJQMZI MV TI [QMV LMZMKPI I UIVW[ LMT OMVMZIT +IZTW[ +I[\ZM R~V 6Q Un[ VQ UMVW[ N]M MT NW\WZZMXWZ\MZW )V\WVQW +IZZQTTW 2Z Y]QMV KMZZ~ MT KQKTW QKWVWOZn ÅKW LMT ZMJMTLM ^MVKQLW aIKQMV\M MV ]V NuZM\ZW JIZI\W LM UILMZI LM XQVW -[I UWZ\IRI N]M [] T\QUI UWZILI M[I QUIOMV [] T\QUW a VQKW ZM\ZI\W XW[\ UWZ\MU 4I[ T\QUI[ VW\QKQI[ -T LM MVMZW LM KILI I}W MV MT MRQLW 8ITWUI[ [M KMTMJZI MT IVQ^MZ[IZQW T]K\]W[W LMT OMVMZIT LM LQ^Q[Q~V ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW 5IZ\yVMb KWV ]VI OZIV ÅM[\I IT M[\QTW LM TW[ T]OIZM}W[# TI Un[ KTIZI XZ]MJI LMT INMK\W Y]M TM \MVyIV TW[ []aW[ M[ TI KWV[MZ^IKQ~V LM [][ ZM\ZI\W[ Y]M I TI ^]MT\I LM TW[ [M\MV\I I}W[ LM [] TM^IV\IUQMV\W a [] KIyLI LMV\ZW LMT [Q[\MUI XWTy\QKW [QO]MV ZMTI\IVLW PQ[\WZQI[ LM [] ^QLI 1UnOMVM[ Y]M \IUJQuV U]M[\ZIV MV M[I TMK\]ZI [MK]VLIZQI TI ILUQZIKQ~V LM[UMLQLI IT XMZ[WVIRM Y]M ITO]VI ^Mb N]M MT TyLMZ ZMJMTLM Un[ MV\ZI}IJTM LM TI +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb -[I TMIT\IL LM TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ a LM TW[ PWUJZM[ Y]M KWTIJWZIZWV KWV uT [M PQbW XI\MV\M MV TI QUXZM[Q~V LM TW[ KITMVLIZQW[ Y]M MLQ\IZI :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V KWV NW\W[ KWUW IY]MTTI LWVLM IXIZMKM [MV\ILW NZMV\M I ]V M[KZQ\WZQW LM WÅKQVI a\M`\W LMT KITMVLIZQW LM ! ZMbI" 153

:]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V XZQUMZW I TI LMZMKPI KWV MT OMVMZIT .QMZZW IT KMV\ZW OWJMZVILWZ LM +PQP]IP]I KI ! .W\WOZINyI" ) -[KWJIZ +WTMKKQ~V" ).;/

ยน/MVMZIT LM LQ^Q[Q~V ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW PMZUI VW a LMNMV[WZ LM TW[ PWUJZM[ LMT KIUXW Y]M R]V\W KWV -UQTQIVW BIXI\I a /ZIKQIVW ;nVKPMb M[\nV XZM[MV\M[ MV TI PQ[\WZQI LM 5u`QKW KWUW

TW[ \ZM[ OZIVLM[ TyLMZM[ KIUXM[QVW[ LM TI VIKQ~V : ; / ยบ A MT LMT I}W ! K]aI NW\W M[ R][\IUMV\M IY]MTTI KWV MT ]VQNWZUM LM OITI UQTQ\IZ" ยน IVQ^MZ[IZQW LMT QVWT^QLIJTM RMNM a IUQOW OMVMZIT ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW QVLQ[K]\QJTM a ^MZLILMZW TyLMZ IOZIZQ[\I I Y]QMV XWZ ZIbWVM[ WJ[K]ZI[ VW [M TM PIV ZMKWVWKQLW TW[ UuZQ\W[ LM NWZUQLIJTM ร O]ZI ZM^WT]KQWVIZQI a I]\uV\QKW LMNMV[WZ LM TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ UM`QKIVW[ยฐยบ ,QKPW[ KITMVLIZQW[ [M MLQ\IZWV I Un[ LM K]IZMV\I I}W[ LM [] IV]VKQILI U]MZ\M MV\ZM QUn OMVM[ NM\QKPQ[\I[ M QK~VQKI[ -V M[\M KI[W TI IUJQOย MLIL LM TI QUIOMV Y]MLI M^QLMVKQILI XWZ TI VMKM[QLIL [MK]VLIZQI LM ZMXZM[MV\IKQ~V :MJI[ILW MT ][W [WKQIT WZQOQVIT LM ZMOQ[\ZW M QVNWZUI KQ~V LWK]UMV\IT TI[ NW\WOZINyI[ KWV [] KIXIKQLIL XWTQ[uUQKI W U]T\y^WKI LMRIV ]V OZIV M[XI KQW LM ZMKZMIKQ~V XIZI TW[ ILUQZILWZM[ LMT Y]M N]MZI MT PWUJZM N]MZ\M LM TI +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb ,M M[I UIVMZI MT ][W XZQUQOMVQW LM TI QUIOMV XI[~ LMT ZM\ZI\W LMT ZMK]MZLW I ]V MUXTMW [MK]VLIZQW LMT KITMVLIZQW LM OZI\Q\]L a TMIT\IL M\MZVI[ \IT KWUW MT M`MLQ\WZ LM >IVO]IZLQI :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V [MO]yI ILUQZIVLW a \MVQMVLW MV OZIV M[\QUI I +MLQTTW 8WZ MTTW ZM]\Q TQb~ [][ NW\W[ XIZI LIZTM[ I [][ [MO]QLWZM[ ]V MTMUMV\W LM ZMKWZLIKQ~V" MV [][ KI[I[ KWKQVI[ KMZKI LMT KWZIb~V a LMT ITUI LM TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ Iย V TMITM[ LM IY]MTTW[ Y]M I TI NMKPI [QO]MV NM[\MRIVLW TI M^IVM[KMVKQI KMLQTTQ[\I MV [] M[\ILW VI\IT 1UnOMVM[ ZMNMZMVKQITM[ yVLQKM[ LM ^QLI KWVVW\IKQWVM[ LM TMIT\IL LMVW\IKQWVM[ LM ZM[XM\W a U]KPW[ [MV\QLW[ Un[ Y]M IPWVLIV TI IUJQOย MLIL a TI XWTQ[MUQI LMT U]VLW VW [~TW LM TI[ NW\WOZINyI[ MV [y [QVW \IUJQuV LM TI ^QLI XWTy\QKI [WKQIT a K]T\]ZIT LM M[\M UQ[\MZQW[W KWV\ZW^MZ\QLW a KITMQLW[K~XQKW 5u`QKW [QV QO]IT 154

Notas 8IZI UIaWZ QVNWZUIKQ~V [WJZM TI TMK\]ZI LM TI QUIOMV [M ZMKWUQMVLI TI WJZI LM 8M\MZ *]ZSM KWV MT IVnTQ[Q[ XZMKQ[W LM TI[ LQNMZMV\M[ UM\WLWTWOyI[ a \MWZyI[ Y]M [M PIV IXZW`QUILW IT \MUI >Q[\W a VW ^Q[\W -T ][W LM TI QUIOMV KWUW LWK]UMV\W PQ[\~ZQKW +Zy\QKI 4M\ZI[ LM 0]UIVQLILM[ *IZKMTWVI # )VVM 5K+I]TMa ยน<PM <ZW]JTM _Q\P 8PW\WOZIXPaยบ MV 2IUM[ -TSQV[ ML 8PW\WOZIXPa <PMWZa :W]\ TMLOM 6M_ AWZS 4WVLWV XX

8IZI UIaWZ QVNWZUIKQ~V ^uI[M *WZQ[ 3W[[Wa .W\WOZINyI M PQ[\WZQI *QJTQW\MKI LM TI 5QZILI *]MVW[ )QZM[

0Ia Y]M ZMKWZLIZ Y]M I[y KWUW MT ZM\ZI\W N]M MT OuVMZW LMKQUWV~VQKW XWZ M`KMTMVKQI MT NW\WLWK]UMV \ITQ[UW a MT NW\WXMZQWLQ[UW TW N]MZWV MV MT [QOTW @@

.]VLIUMV\ITM[ XIZI MT \MUI [WV TI[ WJZI[ LM ,]LTMa )VSMZ[WV -T KI]LQTTW IOZIZQ[\I ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW a TI :M^WT]KQ~V UM`QKIVI MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y /WJQMZVW LMT -[\ILW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM -[\]LQW[ 0Q[\~ZQKW[ LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V 5M`QKIVI ;MKZM\IZyI LM /WJMZVIKQ~V 5u`QKW !! MLQKQ~V MV QVOTu[ ! # :WUIVI .ITK~V :M^WT]KQ~V a KIKQY]Q[UW ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y ! ! -T +WTMOQW LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW ! a +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL 4W[ ZMJMTLM[ ^MVKQLW[ +MLQTTW KWV\ZI MT -[\ILW KIZLMVQ[\I .WVLW LM +]T\]ZI -KWV~UQKI 5u`QKW !!

8IZI UIaWZ QVNWZUIKQ~V ^uI[M +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL -T TIJWZI\WZQW LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V -T <IJI[KW OIZZQLQ[\I ;QOTW @@1 -LQ\WZM[ 5u`QKW ! !# )VVI :QJMZI +IZJ~ 4I XI\ZQI PI XWLQLW [MZ ร WZ .ZIVKQ[KW 2 5ย OQKI ]VI JQWOZINyI XWTy\QKI 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM )V\ZWXWTWOyI M 0Q[\WZQI 5u`QKW !!!

2WPV *MZOMZ a 2MIV 5WPZ )VW\PMZ ?Ia WN <MTTQVO .QZ[\ >QV\IOM 1V\MZVI\QWVIT 6M_ AWZS !! X !

-T .WVLW :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V N]M LWVILW XWZ [] PQRI TI [M}WZI /QTLI ;nVKPMb I TI ,QZMKKQ~V LM -[\]LQW[ 0Q[\~ZQKW[ LMT 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM )V\ZWXWTWOyI M 0Q[\WZQI IK\]ITUMV\M JIRW K][\WLQI LM TI *QJTQW\MKI 5IV]MT 7ZWbKW a *MZZI ;] XILZM N]M XMZQWLQ[\I a ZMXWZ\MZW LMT LQIZQW >IVO]IZLQI LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 4]MOW +MLQTTW VWUJZ~ I ;nVKPMb /I[K~V RMNM LMT ,MXIZ\IUMV\W LM 8ZMV[I K]IVLW N]M [MKZM\IZQW LM )OZQK]T\]ZI a /IVILMZyI MV ! a ! 4I LWVIKQ~V KWV[\I LM NW \WOZINyI[ ^QV\IOM QUXZM[I[ MV LQ^MZ[W[ NWZUI\W[ LM[LM \IUI}W XW[\IT PI[\I ` X]TOILI[ 4I UI aWZyI LM TI QUnOMVM[ M[\n MV JTIVKW a VMOZW ITO]VI[ MV \WVW[ [MXQI ;WV KWUW [M ^MZn QUXZM[QWVM[ Y]M ZMKWTMK\~ :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V I TW TIZOW LM [] ^QLI LM LQ^MZ[W[ NW\~OZINW[ )OZILMbKW I TI UIM[\ZI 5I -[\PMZ 2I[[W ;nMVb a I 5IZKMTI +WJW[ :WUMZW LM TI *QJTQW\MKI 5IV]MT 7ZWbKW a *MZZI ,QZMKKQ~V LM 1V^M[\QOIKQWVM[ 0Q[\~ZQKI[ LMT 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM )V\ZWXWTWOyI M 0Q[\WZQI ,-0 16)0 [] ^ITQW[I Ia]LI a KWTIJWZIKQ~V MV TI KWV[]T\I LM TW[ UI\MZQITM[

-V TI XZQUMZI XIZ\M LM XZM[MV\M MV[IaW UM ZMNMZQZu I TI[ NW\WOZINyI[ LMT .WVLW :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V KWV [][ [QOTI[ .:;/ M`KMX\W LWVLM [M QVLQY]M TW KWV\ZIZQW ! ;M X]JTQK~ TI MV\ZM^Q[\I LM 2W[u 8IOu[ 4TMZOW ยน<ZM[ LyI[ MV 8ITWUI[ยบ MV \ZM[ MV\ZMOI[ MV TI ZM^Q[\I 0Wa Vย U LM [MX\QMUJZM LM ! # Vย U LM WK\]JZM LM ! # Vย U ! LM WK\]JZM LM !

-V M[\M MV[IaW [M XZQWZQbI MT IVnTQ[Q[ LM TI[ QUnOMVM[ LMT .WVLW :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V a [M QVKT]aMV M[\W[ LW[ NW\WZZMXWZ\IRM[ XIZI KWV\ZI[\IZ JZM^MUMV\M TI LQNMZMVKQI MV\ZM TW[ ][W[ [WKQITM[ XZQUIZQW[ a [MK]VLIZQW[ LM TI NW\WOZINyI -V MT KI[W LMT ZMXWZ\IRM LM -VZQY]M ,yIb [M PI IVITQbILW Un[ XZW N]VLIUMV\M MV MT TQJZW LM TI I]\WZI LM M[\I[ TyVMI[ 0Q[\WZQI[ XIZI ^MZ -VZQY]M ,yIb NW\WZZMXWZ\MZW 1V[\Q \]\W LM 1V^M[\QOIKQWVM[ -[\u\QKI[ =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW ,QZMKKQ~V LM 1V^M[ \QOIKQWVM[ 0Q[\~ZQKI[ 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM )V\ZWXWTWOyI M 0Q[\WZQI 5u`QKW XX

*WZQ[ 3W[[Wa QV[Q[\M MV MT IVnTQ[Q[ LM TI[ QUnOMVM[ LM[LM TI XMZ[XMK\Q^I PQ[\~ZQKI PQ[\WZQKQ[\I a LWK] UMV\IT 8IZI ]V IVnTQ[Q[ UM\WLWT~OQKW ^uI[M :MJMKI 5WVZWa 6I[Z -T [IJWZ LM TI QUIOMV <ZM[ ZMร M`QW VM[ =VQ^MZ[QLIL )]\~VWUI 5M\ZWXWTQ\IVI @WKPQUQTKW 5u`QKW

8IZI UIaWZ QVNWZUIKQ~V [WJZM ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW a [] MV\WZVW NIUQTQIZ [WKQIT a XWTy\QKW ^uIV[M TW[ TQJZW[ LM TW[ M[XMKQITQ[\I[ Y]M [M PIV LMLQKILW I ZM^MTIZ KWV XZWN]VLQLIL [] PQ[\WZQI XWTy\QKI a [WKQIT I[y KWUW TI LMT M[\ILW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y" ,]LTMa )VSMZ[WV WX KQ\ :WUIVI .ITK~V WX KQ\ +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL 4W[ ZMJMTLM[ ^MVKQLW[ WX KQ\

,MT .WVLW :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V ,-0 16)0

+IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL 4W[ ZMJMTLM[ ^MVKQLW[ WX KQ\ XX

155

)TO]VI[ QUnOMVM[ ZMITQbILI[ KWV M[\M \QXW LM KnUIZI[ LM TI uXWKI M[ XW[QJTM ^MZTI[ MV -ZQK 2MZ^IQ[M -V TI NZWV\MZI LM TI ^Q[Q~V -ZQK 2MZ^IQ[M QV\ZWL]KKQ~V LM 4I]ZI /WVbnTMb a :MJMKI 5WVZWa +]ILZW XWZ +]ILZW 1UIOMV a 8ITIJZI *MZ]UMV 5]}Wb -LQ\WZM[ +Q]LIL 2]nZMb

4I QUIOMV XMZ\MVMKM IT )ZKPQ^W /MVMZIT LM TI 6IKQ~V a PI [QLW X]JTQKILI XWZ +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL 4W[ ZMJMTLM[ ^MVKQLW[ WX KQ\

;M TTIUI I[y I TI QVNWZUIKQ~V IVW\ILI MV TI uXWKI XWZ MT NW\~OZINW MT Ia]LIV\M MT MLQ\WZ ] W\ZI XMZ [WVI QV^WT]KZILI MV TI QUIOMV XW[Q\Q^I W VMOI\Q^I a Y]M IPWZI VW[ LI ]VI ZMNMZMVKQI LQZMK\I LM TW[ PMKPW[ W M^MV\W MV K]M[\Q~V

6W XWLMUW[ WT^QLIZ Y]M LM KILI TyLMZ W KI]LQTTW LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V ^MVKQLW [M UW[\Z~ [] ZM\ZI\W KWUW TW PQKQMZWV KWV -UQTQIVW BIXI\I .ZIVKQ[KW >QTTI a >MV][\QIVW +IZZIVbI I[y KWUW KWV TW[ LM[KI JMbILW[ KZQ[\MZW[ W UIM[\ZW[ Z]ZITM[ 4I[ QUnOMVM[ LM ]VW a W\ZW TILW LM TI PQ[\WZQI LIV K]MV\I LM MTTW XWZ MRMUXTW MT N][QTIUQMV\W LMT XILZM 8ZW 2]nZMb LM [] PMZUIVW 0]UJMZ\W 2]nZMb LM ;MO]ZI >QTKPQ[ )V\WVQVW <QZILW <IUJQuV M[\n MT LM ร T^IZW 7JZMO~V a [] I[M[QVW KWVNM[W 2W[u LM 4M~V <WZIT MV\ZM U]KPW[ W\ZW[ Y]M XI[IZWV XWZ MT WRW VMKZ~ร TW LM TI KnUIZI MV M[W[ I}W[ ;QV KWV\IZ Y]M M[ ]VI XZnK\QKI M`\MVLQLI MV MT U]VLW LM TI QLMV\QLIL a LMT LM[IN]MZW 8IZI UIaWZ QVNWZUI KQ~V [WJZM MT XIZ\QK]TIZ ^uI[M :MJMKI 5WVZWa 6I[Z ยนj\QKI LM TI ^Q[Q~V" MV\ZM TW ^MZIb a TW ^MZW[yUQT MV TI NW\WOZINyI LWK]UMV\ITยบ MV 1ZMZQ LM TI 8M}I KWWZL j\QKI XWu\QKI a XZW[IQKI ;QOTW @@1 -LQ\WZM[ 5u`QKW XX ! +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL 4W[ ZMJMTLM[ ^MVKQLW[ WX KQ\ X

:WUIVI .ITK~V WX KQ\ X

1JyL XX ! !

-V MT .WVLW :]JuV ;nVKPMb /I[K~V ,-0 16)0 JIRW MT Z]JZW 5y\QVM[

2WPV *MZOMZ ยน-T \ZIRM a TI NW\WOZINyIยบ MV 4]VI +~ZVMI Vย U !! XX !

<WUn[ /IZZQLW +IVIJIT N]M ]V PWUJZM U]a KWV\ZW^MZ\QLW XWZ [][ KTIZI[ XW[\]ZI[ IV\QKTMZQKITM[ a IV\QKI\~TQKI[ -V TW[ LQ^MZ[W[ UWUMV\W[ MV Y]M N]M OWJMZVILWZ LM <IJI[KW QV[\I]Z~ UMLQLI[ TIQKI[ [M^MZI[ XIZI TW[ K]ZI[ 1VKT][W NWUMV\~ TI WZOIVQbIKQ~V LM TW[ +IUQ[I[ :WRI[ Y]M KWUJI\Q~ I TW[ KI\~TQKW[ MV TI KQ]LIL LM 5u`QKW 8IZI ! ]V M^MV\W LM[INWZ\]VILW Y]M K]TUQV~ KWV TI U]MZ\M LM ]VI RW^MV KI\~TQKI MV +WaWIKnV LM\MZUQV~ [] LM[\QVW I]VILW IT PMKPW LM [MZ ]VW LM TW[ XMZ[WVIRM[ Un[ KMZKIVW[ I 8T]\IZKW -TyI[ +ITTM[ -T XZM[QLMV\M +nZLMVI[ TW LM[\Q\]a~ LM [] KIZOW MV TI ;MKZM\IZyI LM )OZQK]T\]ZI MV ! a [M N]M M`QTQILW I +W[\I :QKI :MOZM[~ I 5u`QKW MV ! a U]ZQ~ MV 4W[ ร VOMTM[ +ITQNWZVQI MV ! 8WZ [] XIZ\M 8T]\IZKW -TyI[ +ITTM[ [M MVKWV\Z~ MV M[M I}W KWV ]VI XW[\]ZI KTIZI a LMKQLQLI LMT MRMK]\Q^W LM M^Q\IZ [] QV\ZWUQ[Q~V MV TI ^QLI XWTy\QKI LMT XIy[ a IKIJIZ I[y KWV [] QVร ]MVKQI 4I KWVNZWV\IKQ~V KWV +nZLMVI[ TW TQUQ\~ MV TI M[NMZI XWTy\QKI a TW MV^yW IT M`QTQW I 4W[ ร VOMTM[ +ITQNWZVQI LM[LM MT LM R]VQW LM ! +ITTM[ U]ZQ~ MV ! >uI[M +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL -T TIJWZI\WZQW LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V WX KQ\ # a LMT UQ[UW I]\WZ" *ZM^M PQ[\WZQI LM <IJI[KW -T +WTMOQW LM 5u`QKW .WVLW LM +]T\]ZI -KWV~UQKI .QLMQKWUQ[W 0Q[\WZQI LM TI[ )UuZQKI[ 5u`QKW # 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ 7JZI[ 1" )X]V\M[ ! ! =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW 6]M^I *QJTQW\MKI 5M`QKIVI 5u`QKW ! XX

4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ QJyL X

+IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL -T TIJWZI\WZQW LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V WX KQ\ X !

-T ZM[XITLW LM \WLI M[I [MZQM NW\WOZnร KI []JZIaI [] WZQOMV I]VY]M M[ K]M[\QWVIJTM TI ^ITQLMb LM TI NMKPI" ยน;MKZM\IZyI LM )OZQK]T\]ZI a .WUMV\W [MX\QMUJZM LM ! ,MXIZ\IUMV\W +QVMNW\WOZn ร KWยบ Y]M QUXTQKI ]V ZMOQ[\ZW KWV ร VM[ LM UMUWZQI Xย JTQKI ZM[O]IZLILI XWZ ;nVKPMb /I[K~V KWV XZWX~[Q\W[ XZQ^ILW[ 4W[ LI\W[ XZW^QMVMV LM ]V [MTTW Y]M QV[MZ\I MV TI UQ[UI NMKPI QUnOMVM[ LM M^MV\W[ LQ^MZ[W[ MV LQ[\QV\W[ LyI[ XWZ TW K]IT [M X]MLM []XWVMZ Y]M N]MZWV LI\ILI[ MT LyI MV Y]M [M QUXZQUQMZWV TW[ XW[Q\Q^W[ MV LQKPI [MKZM\IZyI K]IVLW M[\IJI IT NZMV\M /IZZQLW +IVIJIT Un[ Y]M KWZZM[XWVLMZ IT LyI MV Y]M N]MZWV KIX\]ZILI[

4W[ LW[ KIVLQLI\W[ I [][\Q\]QZ IT OWJMZVILWZ :INIMT 6QM\W ! ! N]MZWV 2WZOM 8ZQM\W 4I]ZMV[ XWZ MT 8IZ\QLW +WWXMZI\Q^Q[\I a )]ZMTQW 5IVZQY]M XWZ MT 8IZ\QLW 6IKQWVIT )OZIZQ[\I 4I[ \MV[QWVM[ QV\MZVI[ a TI XWKI KTIZQLIL MV MT XZWKM[W TTM^IZWV I Y]M IUJW[ KWV\ZQVKIV\M[ [M LMKTIZIZIV OIVILW ZM[ .]M IT IXWaW LMT XZM[QLMV\M 7JZMO~V I +MLQTTW TW Y]M XMZUQ\Q~ IT IXI[QWVILW 5IVZQY]M TTMOIZ IT XWLMZ LM MVMZW LM ! I MVMZW LM ! ,M[X]u[ \]^W Y]M LMRIZ MT KIZOW X]M[ MT KWVOZM[W TWKIT Y]M MZI LM KMXI KMLQTTQ[\I TW LM[INWZ~ M QUX][W I ]V KIVLQLI\W LM +MLQTTW MT LWK\WZ )JMT

156

+IVW -T ยน+PQY]Q\yVยบ KWUW [M TM KWVWKyI [M N]M I TI KQ]LIL LM 5u`QKW I [MO]QZ KWV [] KIZZMZI XW Ty\QKI MV\ZM MT KMV\ZW a [] M[\ILW# KWV ]V M`QTQW WJTQOILW LM XWZ UMLQW ZMOZM[~ IT XIy[ XIZI KWV\QV]IZ [] ^QLI XWTy\QKI KWV U]KPW[ LM[MVK]MV\ZW[ Un[ 8IZI M[M XMZQXTW ^uIV[M TW[ I]\WZM[ IV\M[ KQ\ILW[ ! )VVI :QJMZI +IZJ~ WX KQ\ X

+Q\ILW MV QJyL X

+WVKMX\W XZWX]M[\W XWZ :WTIVL *IZ\PM[ Y]M IX]V\I I IY]MT LM[\MTTW LM TI QUIOMV a Y]M [QV [MZ MT \MUI XZQVKQXIT [M KWV^QMZ\M MV TI XIZ\M UML]TIZ W KTI^M LM TI VIZZIKQ~V ^Q[]IT 4I KnUIZI Tย KQLI" VW\I [WJZM TI NW\WOZINyI /][\I^W /QTQ *IZKMTWVI ! X

)V\WVQW +IZZQTTW 2Z MZI PQRW LM ]VW LM TW[ LMKIVW[ LM TI NW\WOZINyI LM XZMV[I MV 5u`QKW PWU~VQUW []aW XQTIZ N]VLIUMV\IT LM TI NW\WOZINyI LM XZMV[I LMKQUWV~VQKI +IZZQTTW PQRW PQbW [] \ZIaMK\WZQI \IUJQuV LMV\ZW LMT nUJQ\W LM TI NW\WOZINyI XMZQWLy[\QKI a \ZIJIR~ MV LQ^MZ[W[ LQIZQW[ VIKQWVITM[ LM[\IKIVLW [] TIJWZ MV -T 6IKQWVIT MV\ZM W\ZW[ XMZQ~LQKW[ VIKQWVITM[ VW\QKQMZW[ KQVMUI\WOZnร KW[ a WJZI LWK]UMV\IT Y]M Iย V NIT\I XWZ M[\]LQIZ ;MOย V )V\WVQW :WLZyO]Mb )V\WVQW +IZZQTTW 2Z \MVyI MV [] PIJMZ ]V Kย U]TW LM ยนWKPW UQTTWVM[ LM QUnOMVM[ LM XMZQWLQ[UW KQVMUI\WOZnร KW# CยฐE LW[KQMV\W[ KQVK]MV\I VW\QKQIZQW[# LM TW[ \ZMQV\I LWK]UMV\ITM[ [WJZM 5u`QKW a LM TI[ Y]QVKM UQT NW\W OZINyI[ LM XZMV[I )V\WVQW +IZZQTTW 2Z XW[MM Iย V W\ZW ZuKWZL" ยจKQVKW KWVLMKWZIKQWVM[ Y]M TM N]MZWV W\WZOILI[ XWZ W\ZW[ \IV\W[ OWJQMZVW[ LM XIy[M[ TI\QVWIUMZQKIVW[ ยบ +Q\ILW MV :MJMKI 5WVZWa 6I[Z )[M[ LM TI KnUIZI 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM )V\ZWXWTWOyI M 0Q[\WZQI 5u`QKW MV XZMV[I

4W PQbW UIVQร M[\W XWZ M[KZQ\W MV [] LQIZQW 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ WX KQ\ X

;MZyI VMKM[IZQW KW\MRIZ M[\I[ QUnOMVM[ LMT XMZQWLW LM \ZIV[QKQ~V LM[LM [MZ MT XWTy\QKW IXMOILW I +nZ LMVI[ MT M`[MKZM\IZQW PI[\I KWV^MZ\QZ[M MV MT ย T\QUW LM TW[ ZMJMTLM[# KWV MTTW [MZyI NIK\QJTM WJ\MVMZ ]VI PQ[\WZQI OZnร KI LM LQKPW[ IKWV\MKQUQMV\W[ ,QKPW IVnTQ[Q[ [WJZMXI[I TI[ XW[QJQTQLILM[ LM M[\M MV[IaW# Y]MLI XMVLQMV\M [] ZMITQbIKQ~V

2W[u 8IOu[ 4TMZOW ยน<ZM[ LyI[ MV 8ITWUI[ XIZ\M 1ยบ MV 0Wa Vย U LM [MX\QMUJZM LM ! X

+WUW [M PI ^Q[\W MT \ZIJIRW LM ,]LTMa )VSMZ[WV :WUIVI .ITK~V a +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL ZMKWV[ \Z]aM UIOQ[\ZITUMV\M M[\I PQ[\WZQI MKWV~UQKI a [WKQIT ;WJZM TI K]M[\Q~V OZnร KI MV XIZ\QK]TIZ ^uI[M :MJMKI 5WVZWa 6I[Z 0Q[\WZQI[ XIZI ^MZ WX KQ\

4I[ QUnOMVM[ N]MZWV XZM[MV\ILI[ KWUW ]V PQ\ NW\WOZnร KW MV 0Wa Vย U a MV :W\WNW\W Vย U MLQ\ILI[ KWV NMKPI LM R]TQW LM !

4I[ NW\WOZINyI[ LM -VZQY]M ,yIb J][KIZWV M[\IJTMKMZ TI \MUXWZITQLIL a MT T]OIZ I XIZ\QZ LM KIX\IZ TI[ \WUI[ LM +MLQTTW KWV MT LQIZQW -`KMT[QWZ MV TI[ UIVW[ KWV NMKPI LM R]VQW LM ! XIZI I]\MV\Q ร KIZ a LI\IZ M[\I MV\ZM^Q[\I M`KT][Q^I KWV MT TyLMZ ZMJMTLM ! +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL 4W[ ZMJMTLM[ ^MVKQLW[ WX KQ\ XX !

)UJW[ IXIZMKMV MV QJyL

157

-T <MI\ZW LM TI 8Ib LWVLM \]^W T]OIZ MT UQ\QV LM IXWaW IT XZM[QLMV\M 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ a LWVLM MV\ZM W\ZW[ WZILWZM[ >ITMV\yV +IUXI I[M[\~ ]VI N]MZ\M KZy\QKI I +MLQTTW a [] ZMJMTQ~V UIaW LM ! +WTMKKQ~V" )/6 ,,/

158

Entrevista con Valentín Campa1 C A R L O S M A RT Í N E Z A S S A D

+IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL +5) " -V ! aI [M PIJyI KWV[WTQLILW TI M[\ZI\MOQI LMT 8IZ\QLW +W U]VQ[\I 5M`QKIVW 8+5 LM KZMIZ ]V NZMV\M IUXTQW XIZI KWUJI\QZ MT NI[KQ[UW# M[ LMKQZ [Q O]QMVLW TW[ IK]MZLW[ LMT >11 +WVOZM[W LM TI 1V\MZVIKQWVIT ,M IK]MZLW KWV M[\I \M[Q[ KZMW Y]M MT 8+5 [WJZM^ITWZ~ TI QUXWZ\IVKQI XWTy\QKI a UQTQ\IZ LM +MLQTTW M[\IJTMKQMVLW ITQIVbI[ VW [~TW KWV ]V -[\ILW Y]M I]VY]M XZWOZM[Q[\I MZI MT -[\ILW LM TI J]ZO]M[yI VIKQWVIT [QVW Y]M PQbW ITQIVbI[ QVKT][Q^M KWV WZOIVQbIKQWVM[ UMLQI\QbILWZI[ LM TI[ KTI[M[ \ZIJIRILWZI[ -V \uZUQVW[ U]a OMVMZITM[ §XWZ Y]u [Q [M \ZI\IJI LM KZMIZ ]V NZMV\M IUXTQW LM KZMIZ ITQIVbI[ LM[LM ]V XZQVKQXQW [M ZMKPIbIJI TI XW[QJQTQLIL LM M[\IJTMKMZ ]V LQnTWOW Un[ KMZKIVW KWV +MLQTTW a KWV TI OMV\M Y]M TW ZWLMIJI' >ITMV\yV +IUXI >+ " 8WZY]M M[W M[\IJI LM[KIZ\ILW +MLQTTW \MVyI aI ^IZQW[ I}W[ LM IXZW ^MKPIZ [] X]M[\W MV MT OWJQMZVW XIZI IOT]\QVIZ I \WLI[ TI[ N]MZbI[ Un[ ZMIKKQWVIZQI[ LMT XIy[ QVKT][Q^M I TW[ NI[KQ[\I[ Y]M MZIV TW[ +IUQ[I[ ,WZILI[ TW[ Y]M M[\IJIV KWV uT a Y]M TW IXWaI ZWV MV TI ZMJMTQ~V# TW[ KZQ[\MZW[ Un[ ZMIKKQWVIZQW[# TW[ KITTQ[\I[ -[\M XZWKM[W TW ^MVyI UIVM RIVLW aI CLM[LME \QMUXW I\Zn[ a TI ;MKZM\IZyI LM )OZQK]T\]ZI [M PIJyI KWV^MZ\QLW MV MT KMV\ZW LM WXMZIKQWVM[ +nZLMVI[ \MVyI U]KPI \WTMZIVKQI KWV uT a ITO]VI ^Mb UM TW M`XTQK~ XWZY]M LMKyI Y]M PIJyI R]OILW ]V XIXMT U]a QUXWZ\IV\M XIZI LMZZWKIZ I +ITTM[ MV ! +ITTM[ \MVyI U]KPI KWVÅIVbI MV KWV\IZ KWV +MLQTTW XMZW +nZLMVI[ TW PIJyI I\ZIyLW [M [MV\yI U]a WJTQ OILW a XWZ M[W TW PIJyI \WTMZILW )PWZI TI 1V\MZVIKQWVIT +WU]VQ[\I MV TI TyVMI LM ]VQLIL I \WLI KW[\I QVKT]yI Y]M VW [M I\IKIZI I VILQM ¸M[W TW LQOW MV MT TQJZW¸ LMT OWJQMZVW LM +nZLMVI[ a N]M MT VQKW X]V\W LMT LWK]UMV\W Y]M [M NWZU]T~ LM IK]MZLW KWV TI[ ZMKWUMVLIKQWVM[ LM TI <MZKMZI 1V\MZVIKQWVIT XWZY]M XIZI R]VQW LMT aI +MLQTTW M[\IJI MV ]VI IK\Q\]L XTMVI LM ZMJMTIZ[M KWV\ZI +nZLMVI[ AI MT KWVÆQK\W XM\ZWTMZW M[\IJI U]a IO]LW [M PIJyI MUXTIbILW I P]MTOI M\Ku\MZI a +MLQTTW IJQMZ\IUMV\M IK\]IJI MV KWV\ZI LM +nZLMVI[ MV ]VI XW[QKQ~V U]a ZMIKKQWVIZQI AW VW MV \QMVLW K~UW [M X]MLM PIKMZ ]VI XZMO]V\I Y]M XWZ Y]u X]ZW[ KIUJQW[ \]^QUW[ KWV +MLQTTW K]IVLW PIJyI ]V IV\IOWVQ[UW KWUXTM\W# KW[I Y]M [M KWVÅZU~ KWV [] ZMJMTQ~V a uT IT [MZ^QKQW 159

LM :WKSMNMTTMZ 4I ;\IVNWZL 7QT TW IXWa~ MV TI ZMJMTQ~V ÅVIVKQMZIUMV\M a KWV IZUIUMV\W KWV I^QWVM[ Un[ ZnXQLW[ Y]M CTW[ LME TI I^QIKQ~V LMT MRuZKQ\W UM`QKIVW *]MVW [M \ZI\I LM ]VI XZMO]V\I \W\ITUMV\M N]MZI LM KIKPW +5)" -T XZWJTMUI Y]M aW UM XTIV\MW Un[ Y]M VILI M[ Y]M K]IVLW LQOW +MLQTTW LQOW TI[

N]MZbI[ LM IXWaW KWV TI[ Y]M KWV\IJI +MLQTTW Y]QMV ][\ML [IJM JQMV KWV\IJI KWV ]V V UMZW JI[\IV\M IUXTQW LM KIUXM[QVW[ JQMV WZOIVQbILW[ >+" ) Y]QMVM[ MVOI}IJI XWZY]M uT aI MZI ]V OZIV \MZZI\MVQMV\M a IXWaIJI I TW[ \MZZI\M

VQMV\M[ UM`QKIVW[ +5)" -[ LMKQZ I Uy TW Y]M UM XIZMKM QUXWZ\IV\M M[ [Q +MLQTTW° >+" .QLMT >MTnbY]Mb [M IXWaI MV WJZMZW[ a I VILQM [M TM WK]ZZM LMKQZ Y]M PIa Y]M PIKMZ

]VI ITQIVbI KWV .QLMT >MTnbY]Mb +5)" *]MVW MV M[M UWUMV\W [y [M PQbW ]VI ITQIVbI° >+" 6W M[\Wa PIJTIVLW LM IPWZQ\I +5)" ;y IPWZQ\I aI M[ W\ZI KW[I >+" +MLQTTW MZI XMWZ XWZY]M uT M[\IJI KWV MT QUXMZQITQ[UW aIVY]Q KWUXZWUM\QLW I ZMOZM

[IZ MT XM\Z~TMW M\Ku\MZI +5)" 8MZW LMRMUW[ TI XMZ[WVITQLIL LM +MLQTTW ]V UWUMV\W M[ LMKQZ XMV[MUW[ ]V XWKW

MV TI JI[M KIUXM[QVI >+" 6W VW [M X]MLM [MXIZIZ ]VI KW[I LM TI W\ZI XWZY]M TI JI[M KIUXM[QVI MZI XIZI [MZ^QZ

I ]VI XWTy\QKI ZMIKKQWVIZQI 4I XZ]MJI M[\n CMVE Y]M [M TI Y]Q\IUW[ MV MT UWUMV\W LM TI ZMJM TQ~V LMUW[\ZIUW[ Y]M TW[ M[\IJIV MVOI}IVLW M\Ku\MZI 8WZY]M VW [M \ZI\I LM TI[ UI[I[ [QVW Y]QuV LQZQOM I M[I[ UI[I[ KWV Y]u [MV\QLW a KWV Y]u WZQMV\IKQ~V +5)" ,M[LM ! M[ LMKQZ MT \ZQ]VNW LM )O]I 8ZQM\I MV M[M UWUMV\W a L]ZIV\M \WLW MT

XZWKM[W LM KWV[\Z]KKQ~V LMT V]M^W ZuOQUMV TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ IXWaIZWV TI KWV[WTQLI KQ~V LM M[M V]M^W ZuOQUMV IXWaIZWV I TI[ N]MZbI[ LM 7JZMO~V a MV M[M UQ[UW [MV\QLW IXWaI ZWV LM[X]u[ I +ITTM[ 8MZW VW [M Y]MLIZWV ITTy IXWaIZWV \IUJQuV TI KIVLQLI\]ZI LM +nZLMVI[ 4I KIVLQLI\]ZI LM +nZLMVI[ \]^W LM PMKPW ]VI XTI\INWZUI MV ]V XZQVKQXQW KIUXM[QVI a N]M IXWaILI XWZ TI +<5 LWVLM MV M[M UWUMV\W +MLQTTW MZI MT TyLMZ Un[ ZMKWVWKQLW >+" 8WZ M[W UQZI VW Y]QMZW XWTMUQbIZ 6W PIJyI UIZOMV VQ XIZI UIV\MVMZ [QY]QMZI

]VI ZMTIKQ~V KWV ]V +MLQTTW ]V ]T\ZIZZMIKKQWVIZQW Y]M M[\IJI [QZ^QMVLW QVKT][Q^M IT NI[KQ[UW IJQMZ\IUMV\M I TI[ +IUQ[I[ ,WZILI[ 4I XZ]MJI M[\n Y]M MV 8ITWUI[ QVQKQITUMV\M uT \MVyI I \ZM[ KWZWVMTM[ KWV[MRMZW[" MT LMT ;\IVLIZL IT VIbQ a IT RIXWVu[ +5)" -[W [M UM PQbW U]a QV\MZM[IV\M Y]M TW UMVKQWVIZI ][\ML MV [] TQJZW §9]QuVM[ MZIV

M[\I[ XMZ[WVI[' >+" 4W[ VWUJZM[ M[\nV MV ]V IZKPQ^W [MKZM\W Y]M TIUMV\IJTMUMV\M VW PM XWLQLW ZM[KI\IZ

<WLW[ M[W[ LI\W[ TW[ UIVMR~ +nZLMVI[ aW [M TW[ TTM^u 160

+5)" ยง4W[ \MVyI IY]y MV M[\M IZKPQ^W [MKZM\W' ยง9]QuV TW[ \MVyI' >+" +nZLMVI[ [M KWUXZWUM\Q~ I ZMOZM[IZTW[ IT XIZ\QLW XMZW U]ZQ~ a VW TWOZ~ ZMOZM[IZTW[

XWZY]M TW[ PIJyI LMRILW MV MT IZKPQ^W [MKZM\W LM TI 8ZM[QLMVKQI +5)" *]MVW PIa ]VI KW[I MV K]IV\W I M[\W -[ LMKQZ \IV\W CMVE ][\MLM[ KWUW CMVE MT XIZ\Q

LW aW VW M[\Wa KWUXTM\IUMV\M LM IK]MZLW M[\IJI KTIZW ]V NZMV\M IUXTQW KWV\ZI MT NI[KQ[UWยฐ >+" 4]KPIZ KWV\ZI MT NI[KQ[UW 0IJyI Y]M T]KPIZ KWV\ZI +MLQTTW 6W [M X]MLM PIJTIZ

KWV\ZI MT NI[KQ[UW MV IJ[\ZIK\W +5)" +nZLMVI[ [QO]Q~ ^MVLQMVLW MT XM\Z~TMW I )TMUIVQI a I 1\ITQI PI[\I ! ! ]V I}W

LM[X]u[ LM TI M`XZWXQIKQ~V >+" <ย [IJM[ Y]M M[ ]VI M[XMK]TIKQ~V U]a OZW[MZI 4W PQbW IV\M MT JTWY]MW VWZ\MIUMZQ

KIVW XIZI NWZbIZ I TW[ VWZ\MIUMZQKIVW[ a TW TWOZ~ 4M[ ^MVLQ~ LW[ JIZKW[ LM XM\Z~TMW a u[\W[ TW \]^QMZWV Y]M KWZ\IZ .]M ]VI UIVQWJZI LM uT VILI Un[ VW XWZY]M M[\]^QMZI LM IK]MZLW KWV MT NI[KQ[UW -[ ]VI OZW[MZyI LMKQZ M[W +5)" 9]Qbn TM Y]MLIZn Un[ KTIZW MT I[]V\W [Q aW UM ZMUWV\IZI I TW Y]M M[\Wa PIKQMVLW

8IZI M[\M \ZIJIRW PM M[\ILW MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y JI[\IV\M \QMUXW# PM M[\ILW PIJTIVLW KWV KIU XM[QVW[ KWV OMV\M[ UQTQ\IV\M[ MV \WZVW I +MLQTTW A IT XZQVKQXQW Y]M TM XZMO]V\IJI [Q MT XIZ\QLW PIJZyI [WJZM^ITWZILW I +MLQTTW UM ZMร MZW I [Q VW TM PIJZyI LILW LMUI[QILI QUXWZ\IVKQI IT PMKPW LM Y]M XMV[IJI ZMJMTIZ[M M[ LMKQZ [Q uT \MVyI ZMITUMV\M TI N]MZbI TI N]MZbI XWTy\QKI a IZ UIUMV\Q[\I MV M[M UWUMV\W XIZI ZMJMTIZ[M K]IVLW XWZ W\ZI XIZ\M TW[ I^QWVM[ I TW[ Y]M PIKyI ][\ML IT][Q~V MT XZWXQW +nZLMVI[ [M TW[ PIJyI ZM\QZILW I +MLQTTW ]V I}W IV\M[ LM TI ZMJMTQ~V +MLQTTW PIJyI KWV\ILW KWV LWKM I^QWVM[ยฐ >+" 5M M[\Wa ZMร ZQMVLW I I^QWVM[ Y]M :WKSMNMTTMZ TM UIVL~ I +MLQTTW a Y]M MZIV Un[

ZnXQLW[ Y]M TW[ I^QWVM[ LMT MRuZKQ\W UM`QKIVW =VW LM MTTW[ N]M MT Y]M TIVb~ TI JWUJQ\I M[M LyI MV MT K]IZ\MT OMVMZIT LM ;IV 4]Q[ K]IVLW M[\nJIUW[ ITTy +5)" *]MVW MV M[M UWUMV\W +MLQTTW \MVyI LW[ I^QWVM[ ยง9]u MZIV LW[ I^QWVM[ XIZI TI

N]MZbI Y]M X]LQMZI \MVMZ MT MRuZKQ\W UM`QKIVW' -V M[M UWUMV\W M[ LMKQZ UM XIZMKM Y]M MZIยฐ >+" ยง<ย KZMM[ KWZZMK\W Y]M :WKSMNMTTMZ TM UIVLIZI VILI Un[ LW[ I^QWVM[ CWE LMJyI LM

PIJMZTM UIVLILW LW[ LWKMVI[' +5)" ;Q ][\ML UM XZMO]V\I I[y aW TM XZMO]V\IZyI" ยง][\ML KZMM KWZZMK\W Y]M MT OWJQMZVW

UM`QKIVW TM P]JQMZI LILW LWKM I^QWVM[ I +MLQTTW K]IVLW MZI KWV^MVQMV\Mยฐ' >+" 8MZW M[W VW [M M[\n LQ[K]\QMVLW XWZY]M VW M`Q[\yI 4W Y]M [M LQ[K]\yI MZI MT IXWaW LM

:WKSMNMTTMZ LM TI ;\IVLIZL 7QT MV ZMTIKQ~V KWV MT XM\Z~TMW +5)" 6W MNMK\Q^IUMV\M aW VW M[\Wa LM IK]MZLW MV Y]M ]VI XW\MVKQI M`\ZIVRMZI M[\u IZ

UIVLW I KIUXM[QVW[ UM`QKIVW[ยฐ >+" 6W I KIUXM[QVW[ M[W M[ UMV\QZI M[W M[ ]VI LMNWZUIKQ~V -[\IJI IZUIVLW I +MLQTTW

Y]M UIVOWVMIJI a MVOI}IJI I TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ Y]M M[ W\ZI KW[I 161

+5)" *]MVW §LM Y]u UIVMZI KZMM ][\ML Y]M TW[ MVOI}IJI' >+" <WUIVLW MV K]MV\I TW[ IV\MKMLMV\M[ Y]M +MLQTTW PIJyI [QLW IOZIZQ[\I KWUW +ITTM[ \IU

JQuV TW N]M +ITTM[ IKIJ~ KWV MT TQJZW LM 5Q T]KPI MV [][ JZIbW[ -[W VW M[ ]VI ZIb~V XIZI KZMMZ Y]M M\MZVIUMV\M [WV ZM^WT]KQWVIZQW[ a M[M XZM[\QOQW TW K]T\Q^IJI XWZ UMLQW LM TW[ KIKQY]M[ M\Ku\MZI +5)" ;]XWVQMVLW MV\WVKM[ Y]M TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ N]MZIV MVOI}ILW[ XWZ [] Ty

LMZ §LM Y]u UIVMZI [M X]MLM MV\MVLMZ Y]M PI[\I M[\M UWUMV\W \WLI TI bWVI QVÆ]QLI XWZ +MLQTTW [MI KMLQTTQ[\I XMZW MV NWZUI ZMITUMV\M I[WUJZW[I' -[ K]M[\Q~V LM PIJTIZ KWV K]IT Y]QMZ KIUXM[QVW >+" -[W M[ UMV\QZI 0Ia ITO]VW[ PIa KIKQY]M[ KMLQTTQ[\I[# QVKT][Q^M /WVbITW ;IV\W[ N]M

KIKQY]M KMLQTTQ[\I +5)" ) ;IV\W[ [M TM PIJTI LM +MLQTTW a ;IV\W[ ZMVQMOI KWUXTM\IUMV\M PIJMZ \MVQLW ITOW

Y]M ^MZ KWV +MLQTTW >+" 8MZW M[W[ KIKQY]M[ U]KPW[ LM MTTW[ N]MZWV a [QO]MV [QMVLW KMLQTTQ[\I[ a K]T\Q^IV M[I[

WXQVQWVM[ I NI^WZ LM +MLQTTW 8MZW LM IPy I Y]M TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ [QOIV [QMVLW KMLQTTQ[\I[ PIa ]VI LQ[\IVKQI +5)" 6W XMZW aW TM M[\Wa XTIV\MIVLW TI M`XMZQMVKQI Y]M aW ^Q a K]IVLW O][\M TI KWZZWJW

ZIUW[ -[ LMKQZ MV \WLI[ TI[ KI[I[ P]UQTLM[ M`Q[\MV ZM\ZI\W[ LM +MLQTTW >+" -[ UMV\QZI LM Y]M MV \WLI[ TI[ KI[I[ M`Q[\IV M[ UMV\QZI AW \IUJQuV PM IVLILW ITTy +5)" *]MVW LQOIUW[ Y]M I \WLI[ TI[ KI[I[ Y]M aW N]Q 8WZY]M M[W [y UM [WZXZMVLQ~ Y]M I

\WLI[ TI[ KI[I[ Y]M aW N]Q PIJyI ZM\ZI\W[ LM +MLQTTW >+" -[\n ]V XWKW ZIZW M[KWOQ[\M ]V T]OIZ ILMK]ILW KMLQTTQ[\I +5)" *]MVW M[KWOy XWZ ]V TILW MNMK\Q^IUMV\M TI bWVI LWVLM +MLQTTW \]^W QUXWZ\IVKQI

Y]M MZI +Q]LIL LMT 5Iyb >+" 5QZI aW ^MW LW[ KWVKMXKQWVM[" \ MZM[ KMLQTTQ[\I a aW IV\QKMLQTTQ[\I +5)" 6W VW VW M[ M[W M[\Wa \ZI\IVLW° >+" ;y PMZUIVW [y# M[\n[ MVNWKIVLW MT XZWJTMUI I[y 6W ^Wa I LQ[K]\QZ [WJZM M[M \MUI +5)" 6W XMZW UM XIZMKM QUXWZ\IV\M -[ LMKQZ §K~UW M[ XW[QJTM IPWZQ\I [MZ KMLQTTQ[\I'

;MZyI M[\IZ ^Q^QMVLW MV MT XI[ILW >+" *]MVW M[ XW[QJTM Y]M \M MVK]MV\ZM[ ITO]VI[ OMV\M[ Y]M [WV KZQ[\MZW[ a [WV KIUXM[QVW[

XWJZM[ 8MZW §Y]u \QMVM M[W LM ZIZW' A Y]M [QO]MV NIVn\QKW[ a Y]M \ ^I[ I ]V JIZZQW a Y]M MV \WLI[ XIZ\M[ MVK]MV\ZI[ I TI >QZOMV LM /]ILIT]XM a ¹>Q^I +ZQ[\W :Maº §) Y]u KWVL]KM M[W' +5)" 6W X]M[ UQ VQKW QV\MZu[ M[ IKTIZIZ U]KPI[ KW[I[ LM TI[ Y]M aW KWV[QLMZW° >+" ;y XMZW KWV ]VI KWVKMXKQ~V I[y XZM^QIUMV\M M[\IJTMKQLI +5)" ,QOIUW[ aW [QMV\W Y]M PIa LW[ NWZUI[ LM MVNWKIZ MT XZWJTMUI IOZIZQW" LM XIZ\M LM

+MLQTTW a LM XIZ\M LM +nZLMVI[ 8MZW KWUW [M PI ^MVQLW OMVMZIVLW M[\I MV\ZM^Q[\I aW KZMW Y]M ][\ML VW M[\IZyI LM IK]MZLW \IUXWKW MV Y]M +MLQTTW \MVyI ]V XZWOZIUI IOZIZQW 162

>+" 4W \]^W IV\M[ Y]M IVL]^W LM KITb~V JTIVKW 8MZW LM IPy IT +MLQTTW ZMIKKQWVIZQW a

NI[KQ[\I PIa ]VI LQ[\IVKQI -ZI MT UQ[UW PWUJZM XMZW KWV LW[ IK\]IKQWVM[ WX]M[\I[ +WUW +ITTM[ X]M[ +ITTM[ N]M ZM^WT]KQWVIZQW ;M LMKyI JWTKPM^QY]M Y]M [M UWZQZyI KWV JIVLMZI ZWRQVMOZI UIM[\ZQ\W XWJZM ,M M[M +ITTM[ IT +ITTM[ U]T\QUQTTWVIZQW UIOVI\M KWV MT TQJZW LM 0Q\TMZ MV MT JZIbW IT [MZ^QKQW LMT QUXMZQITQ[UW aIVY]Q aI LM IK]MZLW KWV 5Q[\MZ 5WZZW_ MZI MT UQ[UW +ITTM[ MV LW[ NI[M[ WX]M[\I[ +5)" ;y +MLQTTW \MVLZyI JI[\IV\M[ NI[M[ 4I KWTWVQI[ IOZyKWTI[ ยง][\ML TI[ KWVWKQ~' >+" 5]a XWKW ;y VW[ LQUW[ K]MV\I MV IY]MTTI uXWKI Y]M [M UIVMRIJIV U]KPW TI[ KWTW

VQI[ IOZyKWTI[ WXWVQuVLWTI[ I TI M`XZWXQIKQ~V LM TW[ TI\QN]VLQW[ XIZI ZMXIZ\QZ[M I TW[ KIUXM[Q VW[ QVKT][Q^M I TW[ M`[WTLILW[ X]M[ MZIV TW[ M`XTW\ILW[ +5)" 8]M[ Un[ Y]M VILI I TI NWZUI MRQLIT# [QV MUJIZOW XIZI KZMIZ TI[ KWTWVQI[ MTTW[ \W

UIZWV JI[\IV\M[ TI\QN]VLQW[ QVKT][Q^Mยฐ >+" ;y XMZW PIJyI ]V XZWJTMUI Jn[QKW Y]M PIJyI Y]M ^MZ" [M LIV MV XZWXQMLIL XZQ^ILI TW[

TW\M[ I TW[ KWTWVW[ a M[W KWVL]KyI ZnXQLIUMV\M I ]VI KWVKMV\ZIKQ~V LM TI \QMZZI I TI N]MZbI LM I\ZIKKQ~V LM TW[ OZIVLM[ \MZZI\MVQMV\M[ a LM TW[ KWTWVW[ Un[ MVZQY]MKQLW[ +5)" ;M LIJI MV XZWXQMLIL XMZW \IUXWKW MZI M`IOMZILW XWZ TI TMa# XMZW aI ^M Y]M TI TMa

[M X]MLM XZM[KQVLQZ LM MTTI >+" 8MZW M[W [M NIKQTQ\IJI Un[ Y]M CVILIE MV TI XIZKMTI MRQLIT <ย TW ^M[ MV TW[ MRQLW[" ]V

MRQLI\IZQW Y]M T]KPI ZM^WT]KQWVIZQIUMV\M XWZ TI \QMZZI XMZW Y]M X][W ]VI KIV\QVI a Y]M KWV \WLW MT LQVMZW M[\n KWVKMV\ZIVLW TI[ XIZKMTI[ MV MT MRQLW XWZ MT XZWKM[W LM LM[KWUXW[QKQ~V KIXQ\ITQ[\I -[W MV TI[ KWTWVQI[ MZI Un[ N]MZ\M +5)" )XIZ\M LM TI QVNWZUIKQ~V LM C5IV]MTE .MZVnVLMb *WaWTQ XIZI QV\MZXZM\IZ TI ZMJM

TQ~V KMLQTTQ[\I ยงKWVWKQ~ ][\ML ITOย V W\ZW \QXW LM LWK]UMV\W[' >+" 8]M[ TI QV^M[\QOIKQ~V Y]M PQKQMZWV TW[ IOMV\M[ LMT 5QVQ[\MZQW 8ย JTQKW NMLMZIT Y]M

\ZI\IZWV LM TWKITQbIZ UIaWZ Vย UMZW LM LWK]UMV\W[ a TI[ KWVM`QWVM[ LM +MLQTTW KWV TI[ WZOI VQbIKQWVM[ Un[ ZMIKKQWVIZQI[ KWUW TI +WVNMLMZIKQ~V LM TI +TI[M 5MLQI a M[W[ WZOIVQ[UW[ NWUMV\ILW[ XWZ TI +76+)516 a TI +76+)6)+7 M\Ku\MZI +5)" 4I )[WKQIKQ~V LM >M\MZIVW[ LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V ยงKZMM ][\ML Y]M \IUJQuV MZI C]VIE

I[WKQIKQ~V ZMIKKQWVIZQI' >+" ;M LQ^QLQ~" ]VI XIZ\M [M ]VQ~ I +MLQTTW TI W\ZI M[\IJI MV +nZLMVI[ +5)" -[ LMKQZ Y]M VW [M LI KWUW JTWY]M TI I[WKQIKQ~V XWZY]M .MZVnVLMb *WaWTQ UIVMRI

Y]M TI I[WKQIKQ~V M[ TI Y]Mยฐ >+" 6W TI I[WKQIKQ~V [M LQ^QLQ~ +5)" ยง,M Y]u UIVMZI [M ZMITQb~ M[\M XZWKM[W' AW VW TW MV\QMVLW U]a JQMV ยง8WZ Y]u VW TI

LM[IZZWTTI ][\ML Un[ MV M[M UWUMV\W Y]M MT XIZ\QLW TW VWUJZ~ MT MVTIKM KWV +nZLMVI[ XIZI M^Q\IZ TI ZMJMTQ~V KMLQTTQ[\I' ยง+~UW [MZyI M[W' 163

>+" 6W X]M[ KWUW M[\n 6W PIa Un[ Y]M IOZMOIZ 0IJyI ]VI KWUQ[Q~V [MKZM\I Y]M ZMKQJyI

TW[ QVNWZUM[ LQIZQW[ LM ]V Ia]LIV\M LM +MLQTTW KWV \WLW TW Y]M +MLQTTW M[\IJI PIKQMVLW# \WLW[ [][ UW^QUQMV\W[ LMT \ZI\W LM +MLQTTW KWV MT ZMXZM[MV\IV\M LM :WKSMNMTTMZ KWV TW[ RIXWVM[M[ M\Ku\MZI Y]M QVNWZU~ LM TI X]OVI MV\ZM TW[ RIXWVM[M[ TW[ ITMUIVM[ a TW[ aIVY]Q[ Y]M uT [M TW M`XTQKIJI U]a JQMV <MVyI ZIb~V -ZI XWZY]M :WKSMNMTTMZ [M LIJI K]MV\I LM Y]M -[\ILW[ =VQLW[ QJI I MV\ZIZ I TI O]MZZI I NI^WZ LM TW[ XIy[M[ LMUWKZn\QKW[ KWV\ZI MT NI[KQ[UW 2IX~V a )TMUIVQI ^QMVLW M[M XZWJTMUI Y]MZyIV Y]M TI ZMJMTQ~V LM +MLQTTW [M XZMXIZIZI UMRWZ XWZY]M KZMyIV Y]M M[\IJI U]a IKMTMZILI a XZM\MVLyIV Y]M N]MZI Un[ KMZKI LM TI O]MZZI XIZI KZMIZ ]V XZWJTMUI I 5u`QKW Y]M M[\IJI KMZKI LM -[\ILW[ =VQLW[ A M[I KWV\ZILQKKQ~V [M ZM[WT^Q~ KWV TI IK\Q\]L LM +MLQTTW I NI^WZ LM :WKSMNMTTMZ# a I Uy [M UM VWUJZ~ XWZ MT J]Z~ XWTy\QKW XIZI \ZI\IZ M[\W[ XZWJTMUI[ LM TW[ LWK]UMV\W[ [MKZM\W[ KWV +nZLMVI[ AW PIJTIJI KI[Q LQIZQIUMV\M KWV uT +5)" =[\ML UMVKQWVI \IUJQuV Y]M KWVWKyIV TI NMKPI LMT TM^IV\IUQMV\W Y]M [MZyI MT

LM UIaW 5M QV\MZM[IZyI [IJMZ LM Y]u NWZUI TI KWVWKQMZWV [WJZM \WLW XWZY]M ¸[MO V MT QV NWZUM Y]M aW PM \MVQLW LMT TILW LM TW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[¸ N]M Un[ JQMV TI XZM[MVKQI LM +nZLMVI[ MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y TW Y]M N]VKQWV~ KWUW TI T\QUI [M}IT XIZI Y]M MTTW[ \]^QMZIV Y]M TM^IV\IZ[M >+" 6W M[W TW M[\]^QMZWV LQ[K]\QMVLW KWV U]KPI[ [MUIVI[ LM IV\QKQXIKQ~V a TTMOIZWV I TI

KWVKT][Q~V IV\M[ LM Y]M +nZLMVI[ TTMOIZI I ;IV 4]Q[ -[ IT KWV\ZIZQW +nZLMVI[ N]M I ;IV 4]Q[ XWZY]M [IJyI K]nVLW [M QJIV I TM^IV\IZ AW TW LQOW XWZY]M MT Ia]LIV\M LM IJ[WT]\I KWVÅIVbI LM +MLQTTW MZI MT Y]M LIJI TW[ QVNWZUM[ +5)" §-T Ia]LIV\M MZI -VKIZVIKQ~V +Z]b W MZI W\ZI XMZ[WVI' >+" -[ TW Y]M \ZI\IUW[ LM TWKITQbIZ ][IUW[ MT ,76 +5)" 8]M[ XZWJIJTMUMV\M [MI uT XWZY]M TW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ TW ^QVK]TIV U]KPW KWV TI OMV\M LM

+nZLMVI[ >+" :M[]T\I Y]M KWUW aW M[\]^M M`X]T[ILW LMT XIZ\QLW ^MQV\M I}W[ VW QV\MZ^QVM MV M[\W#

K]IVLW ZMOZM[u IT XIZ\QLW \ZI\u KWV TI LQZMKKQ~V LMT XIZ\QLW MT XZWJTMUI a XWZ KWVL]K\W LMT QVOMVQMZW C 2WZOME <IUIaW TM XTIV\MIUW[ I +nZLMVI[ Y]M M[W[ LWK]UMV\W[ MZIV LMT XIZ\QLW# Y]M [M TW[ PIJyI XZM[\ILW a Y]M TW[ ZMKTIUIJI MT XIZ\QLW -V\WVKM[ [M LQW K]MV\I LM Y]M PIJyI KWUM\QLW ]V MZZWZ KWV LMRIZ M[W MV MT IZKPQ^W [MKZM\W LM TI 8ZM[QLMVKQI a aI \]^W U]KPI[ LQÅK]T\ILM[ XIZI ZM[KI\IZTW +5)" =[\MLM[ M[\IJIV LM IK]MZLW MV M[M UWUMV\W KWV 4WUJIZLW XIZI KWUJI\QZ TI ZMJM

TQ~V KMLQTTQ[\I ,M 4WUJIZLW [y PM MVKWV\ZILW \MTMOZIUI[ MV TW[ K]ITM[ uT MZI QVNWZUILW LMT XZ~`QUW TM^IV\IUQMV\W a \MTMOZIUI[ Y]M MT XZWXQW 4WUJIZLW MV^QIJI I +nZLMVI[ >+" 6W[W\ZW[ M[\M I[]V\W TW UIVMRIUW[ KWUW XIZ\QLW a 4WUJIZLW [M MV\MZ~ XWZ VW[W

\ZW[ LMT XZ~`QUW TM^IV\IUQMV\W +]IVLW [M IXZW`QUIJI MT XZQUMZW LM UIaW TM XTIV\MIUW[ I 4WUJIZLW Y]M aW PIJTIZI MV MT UQ\QV LM *MTTI[ )Z\M[ KWV TI QLMI LM UQ LQ[K]Z[W LM ITMZ\IZ IT 164

X]MJTW UM`QKIVW XWZ TI ZMJMTQ~V LM +MLQTTW a TW[ LQ[XW[Q\Q^W[ Y]M [M \WUIJIV MV ITO]VW[ W\ZW[ T]OIZM[ LMT XIy[ XIZI M^Q\IZ [MK]VLIZ M[I ZMJMTQ~V TTIUIVLW CIE IXTI[\IZTI KWV TW Y]M [M X]LQM ZI# uT IKMX\~ AW PIJTu MT XZQUMZW LM UIaW 4W[ XMZQ~LQKW[ [M J]ZTIZWV LM VW[W\ZW[ LQKQMVLW Y]M XZM[]UyIUW[ LM ILQ^QVW[ M\Ku\MZI a Y]M uZIUW[ IUIZQTTQ[\I[ XMZW I TI[ LW[ [MUIVI[ [M TM^IV\~ +MLQTTW +5)" -[ LMKQZ [Q PIJyI aI \IV\W[ XZMXIZI\Q^W[ XIZI TI ZMJMTQ~V §K~UW M`XTQKIZ MV\WVKM[ Y]M

XZWXQIUMV\M V]VKI P]JW ]V MVNZMV\IUQMV\W IZUILW MV\ZM TI[ N]MZbI[ LMT OWJQMZVW a +MLQTTW' >+" 8WZY]M +nZLMVI[ MT]LyI M[W MT MVNZMV\IUQMV\W XZMKQXQ\ILW )LMUn[ 5QO]MT 0MVZy

Y]Mb ¸K]IVLW aI MZI QVLQ[XMV[IJTM I\IKIZ I +MLQTTW¸ ZMKQJQ~ QV[\Z]KKQWVM[ LM PIKMZTW KWV U]KPW K]QLILW a LM M^Q\IZ I \WLI KW[\I Y]M N]MZI I KIMZ U]MZ\W +MLQTTW 0MVZyY]Mb LQRW" §Y]QuV ^I I QUXMLQZ Y]M ]VI JITI TM XMO]M' +5)" 8MZW VW P]JW MVNZMV\IUQMV\W XZWXQIUMV\M >+" ;y [y P]JW MVNZMV\IUQMV\W +5)" *]MVW P]JW MVNZMV\IUQMV\W[ U]a TM^M[ U]a IQ[TILW[ 4W Y]M Y]QMZW LMKQZ M[ Y]M

XIZI ]VI ZMJMTQ~V Y]M [M M[\n UIVMRIVLW W KWKQVIVLW KWV \IV\I IV\QKQXIKQ~V ZM[]T\I Y]M TW[ PMKPW[ LM IZUI[ [WV UyVQUW[ a VW \]^QMZWV VQVO]VI \ZI[KMVLMVKQI# M[ LMKQZ Y]M [WV Y]QVKM OMV\M[° >+" ;M MTQUQV~ INWZ\]VILIUMV\M a uT [M XZMKQXQ\~ XWZ TI IV[QMLIL +5)" *]MVW uT IVL]^W P]aMVLW \WLW MT \QMUXW -V ZMITQLIL TI KIZI V]VKI TI LQW I M`

KMXKQ~V LMT KWUJI\M MV MT Y]M UWZQZyI MV MVMZW LMT ! >+" A 0MVZyY]Mb KWV TI[ QV[\Z]KKQWVM[ LM +nZLMVI[ X]M[ IVLIJI ]V XWKW IT OI\W a IT

ZI\~V XIZI M^Q\IZ Y]M TW UI\IZIV a ^MZ [Q TW XWLyIV KWOMZ XZM[W +TIZW Y]M [y TTMO~ I \MVMZ U] KPW[ UQTM[ LM KIUXM[QVW[ MV [] bWVI Y]M INWZ\]VILIUMV\M [M LM[QV\MOZIZWV [M LQ[XMZ[IZWV +5)" -NMK\Q^IUMV\M PIJyI ]V IV\IOWVQ[UW MV\ZM +MLQTTW a +nZLMVI[ -[\M IV\IOWVQ[UW

PI XZW^WKILW Y]M TI[ OMV\M[ Y]M TW [QO]QMZWV Y]M ^Q^MV \WLI^yI ITO]VW[ LM MTTW[ QV[Q[\IV MV Y]M +MLQTTW VW Y]MZyI Y]M MTTW[ [M TM^IV\IZIV MV IZUI[ Y]M +MLQTTW KWV\MUXTIJI MT I[]V\W KWUW ]VI K]M[\Q~V XMZ[WVIT MV\ZM +nZLMVI[ a uT# M[ LMKQZ +MLQTTW ¸IT LMKQZ LM M[\I[ OMV\M[¸ M[\]^W M[XMZIVLW TI ^MVQLI LM +nZLMVI[ jT M[XMZIJI Y]M +nZLMVI[ N]MZI I XMLQZTM LQ[K]TXI[ 8WZ VQVO V TILW Y]M [M TM ^MI M[ KWZZMK\W Y]M ]V XZM[QLMV\M \MVOI Y]M QZ I ]VI PIKQMVLI I LIZ LQ[K]TXI[ I ]V KIKQY]M 8MZW MV ÅV M[ MT UIVMRW Y]M MTTW[ PIKMV Y]M QJIV I WNZMKMZTM Ia]LI I +MLQTTW a +MLQTTW TW[ ZMOZM[IJI I [][ KI[I[ >+" 4W[ KWVKMV\Z~ ITTy QVKT][Q^M TW[ IZU~ I \WLW[ MTTW[ ,MJQ~ \MVMZ U]KPW[ UQTM[ a C5I

\MWE 0MZVnVLMb 6M\ZW [M [ITQ~ LM ;IV 4]Q[ ¸LM[X]u[ LM PIJMZ M[\ILW KWV +nZLMVI[¸ XIZI ]VyZ[MTM +5)" -V MT UQ\QV LMT <MI\ZW LM TI 8Ib ¸MT UQ\QV Y]M LQW ][\ML¸ N]M JI[\IV\M KWUJI\Q^W

IOZM[Q^W# PIJT~ LM TI IUMVIbI LMT NI[KQ[UW# [M J]ZT~ LM +MLQTTW IT LMKQZ Y]M \MVyI X]ZI [IVOZM 165

IZQI M[\W [IZKn[\QKIUMV\M# I^IT~ IT ZuOQUMV KIZLMVQ[\I# QVKT][W [M WNZMKQ~ I NWZUIZ JI\ITTWVM[ ZWRW[ XIZI T]KPIZ KWV MT MRuZKQ\W VIKQWVIT KWV\ZI TW Y]M KITQÃ&#x2026;K~ MV M[M UWUMV\W LM NWZIRQLW[ 8MZW TW Y]M Un[ UM QV\MZM[I M[ Y]M IXMVI[ MZI MT LM UIaW TI VWKPM LM M[M UQ\QV M[ LMKQZ LQMb LyI[ LM[X]u[ LM QVQKQIZ MT UW^QUQMV\W a ][\ML aI QV[Q[\yI MV Y]M MT UW^QUQMV\W KMLQTTQ[\I PIJyI [QLW LM[IZ\QK]TILW ,M V]M^W M[ M[\I K]M[\Q~V" §X]MLM ]VI ZMJMTQ~V Y]M M[\n WZOIVQbILI KWV \IV\W[ I}W[ LM IV\QKQXIKQ~V Y]M M[\n \IV TWKITQbILI ' >+" 6W KWV U]KPW[ I}W[ +5)" §+]nV\W[' >+" 0I LM PIJMZ [QLW ]V UM[ LM XZMXIZIZ MT IOT]\QVIUQMV\W LM \WLI[ TI[ N]MZbI[ ZMIKKQWVI

ZQI[ VW TI ZMJMTQ~V 4I ZMJMTQ~V X]LW PIJMZTI XZMXIZILW KWV ITO]VW[ UM[M[ X]M[ M[ LQNMZMV\M TI XZMXIZIKQ~V XWTy\QKI I TI XZMXIZIKQ~V UQTQ\IZ +5)" +nZLMVI[ [QV MUJIZOW UMVKQWVI LM[LM ! Y]M \MVyI QVNWZUM[ LM Y]M +MLQTTW

[M QJI I TM^IV\IZ MV IZUI[ IV\M[ LM Y]M N]MZI [MKZM\IZQW LM )OZQK]T\]ZI >+" ;QV MUJIZOW TW VWUJZI [MKZM\IZQW LM )OZQK]T\]ZI +5)" jT LQKM Y]M KWUW ]VI UIVMZI LM KWV\ZIZZM[\IZ [] XWLMZyW a I\ZIMZTW IT KMV\ZW LMT

XIy[ >+" 8MZW ]VI KW[I M[ MT IOT]\QVIUQMV\W LM TI[ N]MZbI[ ZMIKKQWVIZQI[ a W\ZI KW[I M[ TI XZM

XIZIKQ~V UQTQ\IZ -T IOT]\QVIUQMV\W [QMUXZM TW KWV[QLMZ~ +MLQTTW LM U]KPW \QMUXW CI\Zn[E LM ]VQZ[M I \WLW[ TW[ OZ]XW[ Un[ ZMIKKQWVIZQW[ +5)" 8MZW M[\I K]M[\Q~V [~TW XWTy\QKIUMV\M UIVMRILI §aI [M PIJyI LM[IZ\QK]TILW W MNMK

\Q^IUMV\M MV M[W[ UWUMV\W[ M[\IJI ' >+" 6W VW ITTy MV MT UQ\QV aI MZI TI T]KPI IZUILI Y]M M[\IJI LM[I\ILI A [M PIJyI LM[IZ

\QK]TILW VW \IV\W XWZY]M [M TM P]JQMZI TWOZILW LM[IZ\QK]TIZ MV ;IV 4]Q[ [QVW XWZY]M \WLW[ TW[ [Q\QW[ Y]M MTTW[ PIJyIV \WUILW XIZI ZMJMTQWVM[ [QU]T\nVMI[ MV ;WVWZI <IJI[KW a TI NZWV\MZI ¸LWVLM M[\IJI U]a IK\Q^W 6QKWTn[ :WLZyO]Mb Y]M MZI Ã&#x2026;VIVKQILW XWZ TW[ /IZbI ;ILI KTIZI UMV\M NI[KQ[\I[ MV M[M UWUMV\W¸ \WLW M[W [M LM[IZ\QK]T~ INWZ\]VILIUMV\M A M[W TW KWV\ZI ZZM[\~ KWV U]KPI N]MZbI a VW X]LQMZWV TWOZIZ ]V [WTW TM^IV\IUQMV\W Un[ MV MT XIy[ a +MLQTTW PIKyI MT KnTK]TW LM Y]M [M QJI I TM^IV\IZ TI UIaWZ XIZ\M LMT XIy[ MV IZUI[ [MK]VLnVLWTW -[W [M KWUMV\IJI MV [] -[\ILW 5IaWZ MV 8ITWUI[ +5)" =[\ML UMVKQWVI Y]M XZWNM[WZM[ KWU]VQ[\I[ PIJyIV [QLW LM[\IKILW[ IT QV\MZQWZ LM

;IV 4]Q[ XIZI KWV\ZIZZM[\IZ TW[ XW[QJTM[ MNMK\W[ LM TI ZMJMTQ~V >+" ;y VW[ TTM^IUW[ XZWNM[WZM[ Z]ZITM[ LM ^IZQI[ XIZ\M[ LMT XIy[ XIZI ITTn ¸4WbIVW MZI MT

LQZMK\WZ LM ML]KIKQ~V NMLMZIT¸ a TW[ KWTWKIUW[ MV TW[ T]OIZM[ Un[ XMTQOZW[W[ XIZI PIKMZ ]VI TIJWZ QV\MTQOMV\M [MKZM\I XMZW IK\Q^I MV\ZM TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ +5)" §-[\W KWV IV\QKQXIKQ~V I TI ZMJMTQ~V' >+" =VW[ UM[M[ IV\M[

166

+5)" §-ZI ]VI KIV\QLIL KWV[QLMZIJTM LM XZWNM[WZM[' >+" 6W XMZW [y ITO]VI[ LMKMVI[ [MTMKKQWVILW[ MV\ZM TW[ Un[ KIXIKM[ M QV\MTQOMV\M[ XIZI

PIKMZ ]V \ZIJIRW \IV LMTQKILW KWUW u[M +5)" -NMK\Q^IUMV\M §KZMM ][\ML Y]M KWV\ZIZZM[\IZWV MT XWLMZ LM +MLQTTW MV M[M UWUMV\W' >+" 6W VW U]KPW XMZW TW KWV\ZIZZM[\IZWV +5)" -V TI UMLQLI CMVE Y]M VW TW [QO]QMZWV \WLW[ TW[ KIUXM[QVW[ LM ;IV 4]Q[ =[\ML UI

VMRI Y]M [M KWV\IJIV MV\ZM a UQT KIUXM[QVW[ IZUILW[ LM +MLQTTW >+" AW KZMW Y]M VW aW M`IOMZu +5)" §;MZyI M[W LMUI[QILW' >+" ;y M[ M`IOMZILW -[W VW[ TW UIVMRIZWV N]MZWV TW[ QVNWZUM[ Y]M VW[ LQMZWV 8MZW [y

MZIV U]KPW[ UQTM[ LM KIUXM[QVW[ IZUILW[ /WVbITW 6 ;IV\W[ MZI LM [] -[\ILW 5IaWZ a K]IVLW TI ^QW XMZLQLI LM[MZ\~ +5)" 0Ia U]KPI[ KWV\ZILQKKQWVM[ LM TW[ OMVMZITM[ Y]M TW IXWaIZWV ,QOIUW[ MT KI[W LM

C:MaVITLWE 8uZMb /ITTIZLW Y]M MZI ]V XMZ[WVIRM KMLQTTQ[\I >+" ,M[LM ]V XZQVKQXQW 6W M[ MT KI[W LM ;IV\W[ +5)" +WUW UQMUJZW Y]M MZI ][\ML LMT [QVLQKI\W NMZZWKIZZQTMZW §M[\I I[WKQIKQ~V \WU~

ITO]VI QVQKQI\Q^I MV KWV\ZI LM TI ZMJMTQ~V' -[ LMKQZ §\WLW XWZ MT PMKPW LM Y]M TI KQ]LIL LM +nZLMVI[ MZI ]V KMV\ZW U]a QUXWZ\IV\M LM NMZZWKIZZQTMZW[ MV M[M UWUMV\W P]JW ITOW' >+" ;y \IUJQuV TW[ NMZZWKIZZQTMZW[ VW[ Ia]LIZWV U]KPW -V XZQUMZ T]OIZ LIVLW \WLW[ TW[

QVNWZUM[ LM TW[ ZMKWZZQLW[ Y]M PIKyIV MV \WLI[ M[I[ bWVI[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ a KWV TW[ NMZZWKIZZQTMZW[ Y]M [M UM\yIV KWV TW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ XIZI ZMKIJIZ QVNWZUIKQ~V M\Ku\MZI +5)" 8MZW LQOIUW[ §MV PMKPW[ LM IZUI[ VW \]^QMZWV Y]M XIZ\QKQXIZ' >+" 6W XWZY]M +nZLMVI[ VW VW[ Y]Q[W LIZ IZUI[ AW PQKM MT TTIUIUQMV\W XMZW +nZLMVI[

VW Y]Q[W LIZ IZUI[ M`KMX\W IT OZ]XW Y]M MV ;IV 4]Q[ IK\]IJI Un[ Y]M VILI XIZI K]QLIZTW I uT LM TW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ Y]M IVLIJIV ITTn K]IVLW IVLIJI 0MZVnVLMb 6M\ZW \WLI^yI IPy ;y WZOIVQbIUW[ ]V K]MZXW LM XZWNM[WZM[ \M`\QTMZW[ NMZZWKIZZQTMZW[ CY]QMVM[E [M MV\MZIZWV U]a ZnXQLIUMV\M# \ZIyIV U]a J]MV IZUIUMV\W XIZI M[\IZ TWKITQbIVLW I TW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ a KWTWKIZ[M LM\Zn[ LM MTTW[ XMZW VILI Un[ M[W <IUXWKW TW Y]Q[W LIZ K]IVLW +ITTM[ [M TW XTIV\MIUW[ XMZW VW TI[ LQW +5)" §+]nTM[ KZMM ][\ML Y]M PIaIV [QLW TI[ KWV[MK]MVKQI[ LM M[M TM^IV\IUQMV\W \IV\W

XIZI TI ^QLI XWTy\QKI KWUW XIZI MT N]\]ZW LM TI[ WZOIVQbIKQWVM[ Y]M LM ITO]VI CUIVMZIE KWU JI\QMZWV M[\I ZMJMTQ~V' >+" §,M K]nT TM^IV\IUQMV\W' +5)" ,MT LM +MLQTTW >+" *]MVW X]M[ [M KWV\ZIZZM[\~ ]V V KTMW U]a IK\Q^W U]a LQVnUQKW LM TI[ N]MZbI[ Un[

ZMIKKQWVIZQI[ LMT XIy[ 0]JW XZWJTMUI[ KWUW MZI MT LMT XM\Z~TMW 167

+5)" §8IZ\QK]TIZUMV\M XIZI MT OWJQMZVW LM +nZLMVI[' >+" ;y TM Ia]L~ U]KPW XIZI KWV\ZIZZM[\IZ MT QUXMZQITQ[UW aIVY]Q MV KWVKZM\W Y]M M[\IJI

U]a IOZM[Q^W KWV\ZI uT KWV\ZI \WLW TW Y]M [M LQKM 4W UQ[UW Y]M MT QVOTu[# \IV IOZM[Q^W Y]M ZWUXQ~ ZMTIKQWVM[ +5)" ,M ITO]VI UIVMZI XQMV[W Y]M MT PMKPW LM Y]M PIaI [QLW [WNWKILW M[\M TM^IV\IUQMV

\W \IUJQuV Ia]L~ IT ZuOQUMV MV K]IV\W I KZMIZ ]VI KWVKQMVKQI VIKQWVIT I KZMIZ JI[M[ LM IXW aW Un[ IUXTQI[ -[ LMKQZ I UMLQLI Y]M [M MVK]MV\ZI ]V MVMUQOW QLMV\QÅKILW [M IOT]\QVI Un[ >+" 1VKT][Q^M MT [MV\QUQMV\W XI\ZQ~\QKW K]IVLW [M X][W LMT TILW LM +nZLMVI[ +5)" ,MV\ZW LM M[\I XMZ[XMK\Q^I §K~UW MV\MVLMZ TW Y]M [QO]Q~ MV TW[ I}W[ [QO]QMV\M[ MV

MT M[\ILW LM ;IV 4]Q[ a KWVKZM\IUMV\M MV TI[ bWVI[ KMLQTTQ[\I[' -[ LMKQZ \WLI ]VI XMZ[MK]KQ~V KWV[\IV\M LM KIUXM[QVW[ KMLQTTQ[\I[ XMZW XMZ[MK]KQ~V IT ÅV a IT KIJW a IVQY]QTIUQMV\W LM U] KPI OMV\M M QVKT][Q^M MT KWZWTIZQW ÅVIT LM TI U]MZ\M LM 0QOQVQI +MLQTTW XWZ ~ZLMVM[ LM 8uZMb /ITTIZLW aI MV ! LM[X]u[ LMT XMZQWLW KIZLMVQ[\I §8WZ Y]u [MO]yI MT -[\ILW \IV QV\MZM[ILW MV [MO]QZ XMZ[QO]QMVLW' >+" 8WZY]M LMV\ZW LM MTTW[ [M NWZUIJIV OZ]XW[ \MZZWZQ[\I[ a MTTI UQ[UI TI PMZUIVI LM

+MLQTTW \MVyI TI WJ[M[Q~V LM UI\IZ I +nZLMVI[ +nZLMVI[ QV[Q[\yI MV VW \ZI\IZTW[ KWV ZMXZM [Q~V XMZW U]KPI OMV\M LMT OWJQMZVW [y TW PIKyI +5)" §A M[\W N]M KQMZ\W' §LM Y]M 0QOQVQI I\MV\~ KWV\ZI +nZLMVI[ MV LQ[\QV\I[ XIZ\M[' >+" 6W TW LM\MK\u 6W TM [u LMKQZ +5)" ¨§6W' 8MV[u Y]M KWUW ][\ML PIJyI M[\ILW ITTy MV UIaW -T XZQUMZ I\MV\ILW [M LQKM

Y]M N]M LMTIV\M LM \WLI TI OMV\M >+" ;y MTTI IVLIJI MVNMZUI a ^WKQNMZIJI KWV ZM[XMK\W I +nZLMVI[ +5)" AI IT ÅVIT LM \WLW M[\W [M KWUMVb~ U]KPW I KWUJI\QZ TI[ KWTWVQI[ Y]M uT PIJyI KZMI

LW# M[ LMKQZ I KWUJI\QZ VW MV \uZUQVW[ IZUIUMV\Q[\I[ VQ VILI LM M[\W [QVW I \ZI\IZ LM LM[ IZ\QK]TIZ M[I NWZUI LM XZWXQMLIL TW K]IT VW X]LW []KMLMZ 4I[ KWTWVQI[ [QO]MV ^QOMV\M[ PI[\I IPWZI# XMZW [QV MUJIZOW [y [M TM[ KZMIZWV IV\IOWVQ[UW[ I TW[ KWTWVW[ K]IVLW aI TI ZMJMTQ~V M[\IJI U]a []XMZILI -[\I[ OMV\M[ CMZIVE PMZMLMZI[ LMT KMLQTTQ[UW XMZW MV VQVO V UWUMV\W OMV\M[ KWV ]V XZWaMK\W XWTy\QKW IUXTQW a VILI XWZ MT M[\QTW# MZIV aI KIUXM[QVW[ Y]M M[\IJIV \ZIJIRIVLW [][ \QMZZI[ ILY]QZQLI[ LM TI NWZUI LM ZMXIZ\W Y]M PIJyI PMKPW +MLQTTW 8MZW MV M[M UWUMV\W [M TM[ KWUMVb~ I PW[\QOIZ U]KPW I \ZI^u[ LMT MRQLW I KZMIZ MRQLW[ Y]M KWTQVLIJIV KWV MTTW[ I Y]Q\IZTM[ QVKT][Q^M \QMZZI[ XIZI NWZUIZ MRQLW[ §-[\W \QMVM KWPMZMVKQI LMV\ZW LM \WLI TI XWTy\QKI LMT [Q[\MUI UM`QKIVW' >+" 8]MLM [MZ XIZ\M LM TI XWTy\QKI IV\QIOZIZQI LM Î^QTI +IUIKPW Y]M Un[ Y]M I TW[ KW

TWVW[ N][\QO~ I TW[ MRQLI\IZQW[ IKIJIVLW KWV TI[ KWWXMZI\Q^I[ Y]M KILI ]VW [M PIJyI WZOIVQ bILW XIZI NIKQTQ\IZ TI LM[KWUXW[QKQ~V LM TW[ MRQLW[ A M[W XWLyI [MZ XIZ\M LM TI XWTy\QKI XIZI \MVMZ MV X]OVI I TW[ KWTWVW[ VW XWZY]M N]MZIV KMLQTTQ[\I[ [QVW CKWUWE XIZ\M LM M[I XWTy\QKI 168

N]VLIUMV\ITUMV\M MV\MZZIJTM CY]ME [M LM[I\~ LM[LM Î^QTI +IUIKPW a IPWZQ\I M[\n MV [] K]U JZM ;Q IPWZQ\I MT OWJQMZVW Y]Q\I I ITO]VW[ KWTWVW[ [][ \QMZZI[ XIZI LnZ[MTI[ I TW[ \MZZI\MVQMV\M[ VW M[ XWZY]M C[MIVE KMLQTTQ[\I[ [QVW XWZY]M M[ U]a ZMIKKQWVIZQW +5)" §) M[\W[ LWK]UMV\W[ I TW[ Y]M PIKM ][\ML UMVKQ~V M[ LQNyKQT \MVMZ IKKM[W' >+" 8]M[ \WLI^yI M[\IUW[ PIKQMVLW M[N]MZbW[ XIZI ZM[KI\IZTW[ XMZW PMUW[ JI\ITTILW U]

KPW XIZI M[W +5)" 8MZW §\QMVMV ][\MLM[ aI ITO]VI XQ[\I' >+" ;y aI PIa ]VI XQ[\I a [M M[\n \ZIJIRIVLW MV MTTI +5)" AW KZMW Y]M [MZyI QUXWZ\IV\y[QUW Y]M M[\M \QXW LM LWK]UMV\W[ X]LQMZIV [MZ M`PQJQ

LW[ MV ]V UWUMV\W LILW XIZI M^Q\IZ K]ITY]QMZ XZWJTMUI >+" ;MZyI J]MVy[QUW \MVMUW[ U]KPW QV\MZu[ +5)" 5M QV\MZM[IZyI U]KPW \IUJQuV ^MZ MNMK\Q^IUMV\M MV Y]u KWV[Q[\Q~ MT IXWaW LM TI[

KWUXI}yI[ XM\ZWTMZI[ M\Ku\MZI +WVKZM\IUMV\M MV Y]u NWZUI Ia]LIZWV [Q KWV LQVMZW W KWV IZUI[ >+" +WV LQVMZW a KWV IZUI[ +5)" §<QMVM ITOW Y]M IOZMOIZ [WJZM MT I[]V\W' >+" 4W MTMUMV\IT TW LQOW MV MT TQJZW +5)" ;QV MUJIZOW UM P]JQMZI O][\ILW Y]M IUXTQIZI Un[ MT I[]V\W >+" 6W \MVOW Un[ MTMUMV\W[ IPWZQ\I -[ LM OZIV QUXWZ\IVKQI TWKITQbIZ MT IZKPQ^W XIZI

TMMZ TW[ QVNWZUM[ LMT Ia]LIV\M LM +MLQTTW :M^Q[IVLW \WLW MT XZWKM[W LM +MLQTTW CuTE MZI ]V ILWZILWZ LM +MLQTTW a ]V MVMUQOW N]ZQW[W V]M[\ZW# a MV TI XZQUMZI KIZ\I LMKyI" ¹,WVLM aW P]JQMZI ^Q[\W ]V KWU]VQ[\I TW UI\Wº XWZY]M uT IV\M \WLW ILWZIJI I +MLQTTW 8MZW []NZQ~ ]V QUXIK\W X]M[ [M MVKWV\Z~ KWV Y]M TI OZIV KWVÅIVbI Y]M +MLQTTW TM \MVyI LQW T]OIZ I Y]M TW TTM^IZI I PIJTIZ KWV TW[ \ZM[ KWZWVMTM[ +5)" -[W UM QV\MZM[~ U]KPW Y]M UMVKQWVIZI ][\ML I M[\I XMZ[WVI Y]M PIJyI []NZQLW M[\I

KWV^MZ[Q~V 8WZ M[W KZMy Y]M [MZyI U]a QV\MZM[IV\M KWVWKMZ MT VWUJZM >+" j[M M[ MT XZWJTMUI 7RITn TWKITQKMUW[ TW[ LWK]UMV\W[ X]M[ [MZyI LM U]KPI \ZI[KMV

LMVKQI XWZY]M M`XTQKI MT NMV~UMVW QVKT][Q^M X[QKWT~OQKW LMT Ia]LIV\M a T]MOW \WLI [] IK\Q\]L LM MV\ZMOI IT XIZ\QLW A IT LIZ[M K]MV\I LM Y]M MT XIZ\QLW \MVyI ZIb~V LM TW[ I\IY]M[ KWV\ZI +MLQTTW [MO V TW Y]M TM X]MLW KWVÅIZ C[M LQRW"E ¹5Q ^QLI UM TI ^Wa I R]OIZ LMNMVLQMVLW I 5u`QKW LM M[\M \ZIQLWZ Y]M M[ UQ RMNMº -V M[W R]O~ ]VI OZIV QUXWZ\IVKQI ¸KWUW TW LQOW MV MT TQJZW¸ MT u`Q\W Y]M \]^QUW[ KWV\ZI TI <MZKMZI 1V\MZVIKQWVIT +WU]VQ[\I CMV TIE Y]M [M PIJyI XZWXQIUMV\M QVLQKILW Y]M VW LMJyIUW[ I\IKIZ I +MLQTTW VQ I VILQM a MT IK]MZLW TMyLW N]M TW VQKW Y]M [IT^IUW[ a TW LMUn[ [QO]Q~ ILMTIV\M KWV \WLI[ TI[ KWV[MK]MVKQI[ LM KZQ[Q[ LM XIZ\QLW LM KZQ[Q[ I VQ^MT LMT [QVLQKI\W a LM TI ]VQLIL I \WLI KW[\I Y]M IPy M`XTQKW

169

Notas +WV UW\Q^W LM TI X]JTQKIKQ~V LMT TQJZW 5Q \M[\QUWVQW" M`XMZQMVKQI[ LM ]V KWU]VQ[\I UM`QKIVW -LQKQWVM[ LM +]T\]ZI 8WX]TIZ 5u`QKW ! MT LM [MX\QMUJZM LM ! MV\ZM^Q[\u IT M`TyLMZ NMZZWKIZZQTMZW >I TMV\yV +IUXI Y]QMV XIZ\QKQX~ IK\Q^IUMV\M MV TI LMNMVM[\ZIKQ~V LM +MLQTTW LM TI XWTy\QKI VIKQWVIT

+]IVLW 8T]\IZKW -TyI[ +ITTM[ \]^W Y]M IJIVLWVIZ MT XIy[ I XM\QKQ~V M`XZM[I LM +nZLMVI[ TW[ NW\~OZI NW[ KIX\IZWV [] QUIOMV K]IVLW [M XZWXWVyI IJWZLIZ MT I^Q~V# MV [] UIVW [W[\MVyI ]V MRMUXTIZ LM 5Q T]KPI Y]M [QV L]LI [M XZWXWVyI TMMZ L]ZIV\M [] ^QIRM

)T][Q~V IT TQJZW LM TI Ã&#x2026;[KITyI [WJZM MT R]QKQW Y]M [M [QO]Q~ I TW[ ZMJMTLM[" 5IV]MT .MZVnVLMb *WaWTQ a -][\IY]QW 5IZZ~V LM )VOMTQ[ 4W Y]M VW [M [IJM LM TI ZMJMTQ~V KMLQTTQ[\I [ X Q 5u`QKW ! Y]M MT MV \ZM^Q[\ILW IKMX\~ KWUW N]MV\M KWV[]T\ILI TW K]IT M[ U]a VW\IJTM MV [] TQJZW 5Q \M[\QUWVQW

170

Fuentes y bibliografía )ZKPQ^W /MVMZIT LM TI 6IKQ~V 5u`QKW .WVLW 8ZM[QLMV\M[# 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[# )JMTIZLW 4 :WLZyO]Mb# .WVLW /WJMZVIKQ~V# :IUW :M^WT]KQ~V )ZKPQ^W LM TI ;MKZM\IZyI LM TI ,MNMV[I 6IKQWVIT :IUW[" 8MV[QWVQ[\I[ a +IVKMTILW[ )ZKPQ^W LM TI ;MKZM\IZyI LM :MTIKQWVM[ -`\MZQWZM[ )ZKPQ^W LMT ,MXIZ\IUMV\W LM -[\ILW ?I[PQVO\WV , + )ZKPQ^W LMT 5QVQ[\ZW LM :MTIKQWVM[ -`\MZQWZM[ LM /ZIV *ZM\I}I 3M_ /IZLMV[ 4WVLZM[ .WZMQOV 7NÅKM 8]JTQK :MKWZL 7NÅKM <PM -T 8I[W <QUM[ -`KMT[QWZ 0Wa -T 0MZITLW ,QIZQW LMT +MV\ZW LM 5u`QKW -T 0MZITLW LM ;IV 4]Q[ -T 4MOQWVIZQW 4]VI +~ZVMI -T 5IKPM\M -T 6IKQWVIT <PM 6M_ AWZS <QUM[ 4I 8ZMV[I :M^Q[\I 5M`QKIVI LM ;WKQWTWOyI :W\WNW\W ;QMUXZM -T =VQ^MZ[IT >]MT\I ) 4+7+-: )TJMZ\W -T OMVMZIT a XZWNM[WZ )TJMZ\W +IZZMZI <WZZM[ )KILMUQI LM 0Q[\WZQI 8W\W[QVI ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y ! ) 4-5Î6 > )4,j; 5QO]MT 4I ^MZLIL LMT XM\Z~TMW MV 5u`QKW /ZQRITJW 5u`QKW ! ) 5-:416+3 5IZQRW[u ¹4I ZMNWZUI IOZIZQI MV TI PIKQMVLI LM ;IV ,QMOW LM :yW >MZLMº MV 0MZQJMZ\W 5WZMVW KWUX ,M[X]u[ LM TW[ TI\QN]VLQW[ 4I LM[QV\MOZIKQ~V LM TI OZIV XZWXQMLIL ZIyb MV 5u`QKW +7451+0 .76)8); 5u`QKW !

¸¸ ¹,QIZQW LM KIUXWº MV\ZM^Q[\I I 2]IV 0MZVnVLMb MV TI PIKQMVLI LM ;IV ,QMOW ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y )VuKLW\I[ LMT / MZW 5IZZWY]yV /WJQMZVW LMT -[\ILW LM <IUI]TQXI[ ;MKZM\IZyI LM -L]KIKQ~V 8 JTQKI ,QZMKKQ~V /MVMZIT LM +]T\]ZI[ 8WX]TIZM[ 5u`QKW !

) 63-:;76 ,]LTMa )OZIZQIV ?IZTWZL ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW IVL \PM 5M`QKIV :M^WT]\QWV QV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 6WZ \PMZV 1TTQVWQ[ =VQ^MZ[Q\a 8ZM[[ ,M3ITJ ! MLQKQ~V MV M[XI}WT" -T KI]LQTTW IOZIZQ[\I" ;I\]ZVQVW + MLQTTW

171

LibCedillo3.indd 171

04/06/10 04:36 p.m.

a TI :M^WT]KQ~V UM`QKIVI MV ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y /WJQMZVW LMT -[\ILW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM -[\]LQW[ 0Q[\~ZQKW[ LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V 5M`QKIVI ;MKZM\IZyI LM /WJMZVIKQ~V 5u`QKW !! ) >1<1) 0 -:6ร 6,-B )V\WVQW +WZZQLW PQ[\~ZQKW UM`QKIVW >Wa I KIV\IZTM[ TI PQ[\WZQI 8WZZย I +WTMKKQ~V ;MXIV K]IV\W[ยฐ 5u`QKW !! * )::)/ร 6 5IZyI <MZM[I ,WKM UQT SQT~UM\ZW[ I \ZI^u[ LM TW[ [Q[\MUI[ LM ZQMOW MV 5u`QKW 1UXZM[QWVM[ LM ^QIRM [ X Q 5u`QKW ! * ):<0-; :WTIVL 4I KnUIZI Tย KQLI" VW\I [WJZM TI NW\WOZINyI /][\I^W /QTQ *IZKMTWVI ! * -6ร <-B .MZVIVLW ยน+nZLMVI[ NZMV\M I +MLQTTW a )TUIbnVยบ MV ;QMUXZM Vย U !! LM R]VQW LM ! * - :/ - : 2WPV ยน-T \ZIRM a TI NW\WOZINyIยบ MV 4]VI +~ZVMI Vย U !! XX ! ยธยธ a 2MIV 5WPZ )VW\PMZ ?Ia WN <MTTQVO .QZ[\ >QV\IOM 1V\MZVI\QWVIT 6M_ AWZS !! * =:3- 8M\MZ >Q[\W a VW ^Q[\W -T ][W LM TI QUIOMV KWUW LWK]UMV\W PQ[\~ZQKW +Zy\QKI 4M\ZI[ LM 0]UIVQLILM[ *IZKMTWVI + ร :,-6); 4nbIZW 7JZI[ 1" )X]V\M[ ! ! =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW 6]M^I *QJTQW\MKI 5M`QKIVI 5u`QKW ! ยธยธ 8ITIJZI[ a LWK]UMV\W[ Xย JTQKW[" QVNWZUM[ LM OWJQMZVW a UMV[IRM[ XZM[QLMVKQITM[ LM I}W V]M^W ! ! ;QOTW @@1 -LQ\WZM[ 5u`QKW !

+ -,1447 2]IV )TJMZ\W 4W[ VIbQ[ MV 5u`QKW ,MJI\M 5u`QKW + 7:76) . 1/=-:7) /][\I^W 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ a TI M`XZWXQIKQ~V LM TI QVL][\ZQI XM\ZWTMZI MV 5u`QKW [ X Q 5u`QKW ! . )4+ร 6 :WUIVI ยน-T [Q[\MUI NZMV\M IT KIKQKIbOW" MT KI[W LM +MLQTTWยบ MV ,QnTWOW[ ^WT ! Vย U C E [MX\QMUJZM WK\]JZM LM ! XX ยธยธ :M^WT]KQ~V a KIKQY]Q[UW" ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y ! ! -T +WTMOQW LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW ! ยธยธ ยน;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTW MT ย T\QUW OZIV KIKQY]M UQTQ\IZยบ MV +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL -[\ILQ[\I[ KIKQ Y]M[ a KI]LQTTW[ 1V[\Q\]\W LM 1V^M[\QOIKQWVM[ ;WKQITM[ =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW ! XX ยธยธ ยน+IZQ[UI a \ZILQKQ~V" KWV[QLMZIKQWVM[ MV \WZVW I TW[ TQLMZIbOW[ KIUXM[QVW[ MV TI :M^WT]KQ~V 5M`QKIVI -T KI[W LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[yยบ MV .ZQMLZQKP 3I\b :M^]MT\I ZMJMTQ~V a ZM^WT]KQ~V 4I T]KPI Z]ZIT MV MT 5u`QKW LMT [QOTW @@ -ZI 5u`QKW !! XX ! . -:6ร 6,-B * 7A741 5IV]MT a -][\IY]QW 5IZZ~V LM )VOMTQ[ 4W Y]M VW [M [IJM LM TI ZMJMTQ~V KMLQTTQ[\I [ X Q 5u`QKW ! . 7?4-: ; )4)5161 0MI\PMZ )OZIZQIV :ILQKITQ[U QV >MZIKZ]b ! =VQ^MZ[Q\a WN 6MJZI[SI 8ZM[[ 4QVKWTV ! / ):6-: 8I]T ยน8WZร ZQW ,yIbยบ MV ?QTT .W_TMZ KWWZL 8ZM[QLMV\M[ UM`QKIVW[ ! 1V[\Q\]\W 6I KQWVIT LM -[\]LQW[ 0Q[\~ZQKW[ LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V 5M`QKIVI 5u`QKW \ 1 XX ! / ):B) +QZW LM TI 4I ZM^WT]KQ~V 5M`QKIVI MV MT M[\ILW LM <IUI]TQXI[ 4QJZMZyI LM 5IV]MT 8WZZย I 5u`QKW ! / 725)6 ,- * )+3)4 )TQKQI +IUQ[I[ M[K]LW[ a LM[ร TM[ UQTQ\IZM[ 4W[ LWZILW[ a MT IV\Q[MUQ\Q[UW MV 5u`QKW ! ! .WVLW LM +]T\]ZI -KWV~UQKI 5u`QKW / :--6- /ZIPIU <PM 4I_TM[[ :WIL[ 8MVO]QV *WWS[ 4WVLWV ! MLQKQ~V MV M[XI}WT" +IUQVW[ [QV TMa 8WZZย I 5u`QKW !!

172

LibCedillo3.indd 172

04/06/10 04:36 p.m.

2 );;7 ; ร -6B 5IZyI -[\PMZ a 5IZKMTI +WJW[ :WUMZW -V\ZM^Q[\I I /QTLI ;nVKPMb 5u`QKW ,.

LM IJZQT LM =\QTQbILI MV TI 8ZM[MV\IKQ~V LM M[\M TQJZW 2 -:>)1;- -ZQK -V TI NZWV\MZI LM TI ^Q[Q~V -ZQK 2MZ^IQ[M QV\ZWL]KKQ~V LM 4I]ZI /WVbnTMb a :MJMKI 5WVZWa +]ILZW XWZ +]ILZW 1UIOMV a 8ITIJZI *MZ]UMV 5]}Wb -LQ\WZM[ +Q]LIL 2]nZMb 3 )<B .ZQMLZQKP 0Q\TMZ [WJZM )UuZQKI 4I\QVI" MT NI[KQ[UW ITMUnV MV 4I\QVWIUuZQKI ! ! .WVLW LM +]T \]ZI 8WX]TIZ 5u`QKW ! ยธยธ 8IVKPW >QTTI ^WT[ -ZI 5u`QKW !!

3 1:;06-: )TIV 5 <WUn[ /IZZQLW +IVIJIT a MT UW^QUQMV\W LM TI[ KIUQ[I[ ZWRI[ ;MKZM\IZyI LM -L]KIKQ~V 8ย JTQKI ;MX;M\MV\I[ 5u`QKW !

3 7;;7A *WZQ[ .W\WOZINyI M PQ[\WZQI *QJTQW\MKI LM TI 5QZILI *]MVW[ )QZM[ 4 -:6-: >QK\WZQI ยน4W[ N]VLIUMV\W[ [WKQWMKWV~UQKW[ LMT KIKQKIbOW XW[\ZM^WT]KQWVIZQW -T KI[W LM ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTWยบ MV 0Q[\WZQI 5M`QKIVI ^WT @@1@ Vย U MVMZW UIZbW LM ! XX ยธยธ ยน4W[ IV\MKMLMV\M[ LM ]V KIKQKIbOW XW[\ZM^WT]KQWVIZQW ! ! " MT KI[W LM ;I\]ZVQVW +MLQ TTWยบ \M[Q[ LM LWK\WZILW MV KQMVKQI XWTy\QKI =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW !

4 7A74) , ร )B :INIMT -T WKI[W LMT ZILQKITQ[UW ZM^WT]KQWVIZQW" NMZZWKIZZQTMZW[ a XM\ZWTMZW[ ! ! 1V[\Q\]\W LM 1V^M[\QOIKQWVM[ ;WKQITM[ =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW !

5 )6+1;1,7: 2W[u 0Q[\WZQI LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V UM`QKIVI * +W[\I )UQK -LQ\WZ !

5 ):<ร 6-B ) ;;), +IZTW[ -T TIJWZI\WZQW LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V -T <IJI[KW OIZZQLQ[\I ;QOTW @@1 -LQ\WZM[ 5u`QKW ! ! ยธยธ ยน4I ZMJMTQ~V KMLQTTQ[\I W MT WKI[W LMT XWLMZ \ZILQKQWVITยบ MV :M^Q[\I 5M`QKIVI LM ;WKQWTWOyI I}W @41 ^WT @41 R]TQW [MX\QMUJZM LM ! ! XX ! ยธยธ ยน4I[ KWTWVQI[ IOZyKWTI[ UQTQ\IZM[ LMT OMVMZIT +MLQTTWยบ MV +IZTW[ 5IZ\yVMb )[[IL 5IZQW :IUyZMb :IVKI}W a :QKIZLW 8WbI[ 0WZKI[Q\I[ :M^WT]KQWVIZQW[ N]MZWV \WLW[ ;MKZM\IZyI LM -L]KIKQ~V 8ย JTQKI .WVLW LM +]T\]ZI -KWV~UQKI 5u`QKW ! ยธยธ 4W[ ZMJMTLM[ ^MVKQLW[" +MLQTTW KWV\ZI MT M[\ILW KIZLMVQ[\I .WVLW LM +]T\]ZI -KWV~UQKI 1V[\Q\]\W LM 1V^M[ \QOIKQWVM[ ;WKQITM[ =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW !! ยธยธ *ZM^M PQ[\WZQI LM <IJI[KW -T +WTMOQW LM 5u`QKW .WVLW LM +]T\]ZI -KWV~UQKI .QLMQKWUQ[W 0Q[\WZQI LM TI[ )UuZQKI[ 5u`QKW 5 + + )=4-A )VVM ยน<PM <ZW]JTM _Q\P 8PW\WOZIXPaยบ MV 2IUM[ -TSQV[ ML 8PW\WOZIXPa <PMWZa :W]\ TMLOM 6M_ AWZS 4WVLWV XX 5 + . ):4)6, + ; +PIW[ QV 5M`QKW <PM +WVร QK\ WN +P]ZKP IVL ;\I\M 0IZXMZ *ZW\PMZ[ 6M_ AWZS !

5 -6,7B) ) 4>):),7 )Z\]ZW -T XWZ\M[OQTQ[UW MV <IUI]TQXI[ -T +WTMOQW LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW !!

5 -6<B *ZyOQLI ^WV M\ IT 4W[ MUXZM[IZQW[ ITMUIVM[ MT <MZKMZ :MQKP a TI WXW[QKQ~V LM LMZMKPI I +nZLMVI[ +MV\ZW LM 1V^M[\QOIKQWVM[ a -[\]LQW[ ;]XMZQWZM[ MV )V\ZWXWTWOyI ;WKQIT 5u`QKW !

5 -A-: 4WZMVbW 5u`QKW a TW[ -[\ILW[ =VQLW[ MV MT KWVร QK\W XM\ZWTMZW ! ! -T +WTMOQW LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW ! ยธยธ ยน4I UMUWZQI LM ! " TI M`XZWXQIKQ~V XM\ZWTMZI a TW[ JZQ\nVQKW[ยบ MV >]MT\I Vย U IOW[\W LM ! ยธยธ ยน4I QV[\Q\]KQWVITQbIKQ~V LMT V]M^W ZuOQUMVยบ MV 0Q[\WZQI OMVMZIT LM 5u`QKW -T +WTMOQW LM 5u`QKW 5u`QKW XX

173

LibCedillo3.indd 173

04/06/10 04:36 p.m.

5 76:7A 6 );: :MJMKI 0Q[\WZQI[ XIZI ^MZ -VZQY]M ,yIb NW\WZZMXWZ\MZW 1V[\Q\]\W LM 1V^M[\QOIKQWVM[ -[\u\Q KI[ =VQ^MZ[QLIL 6IKQWVIT )]\~VWUI LM 5u`QKW ,QZMKKQ~V LM 1V^M[\QOIKQWVM[ 0Q[\~ZQKI[ 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LM )V\ZWXWTWOyI M 0Q[\WZQI 5u`QKW ยธยธ -T [IJWZ LM TI QUIOMV <ZM[ ZMร M`QWVM[ =VQ^MZ[QLIL )]\~VWUI 5M\ZWXWTQ\IVI @WKPQUQTKW 5u`QKW

ยธยธ ยนj\QKI LM TI ^Q[Q~V" MV\ZM TW ^MZIb a TW ^MZW[yUQT MV TI NW\WOZINyI LWK]UMV\ITยบ MV 1ZMZQ LM TI 8M}I KWWZL j\QKI XWu\QKI a XZW[IQKI ;QOTW @@1 -LQ\WZM[ 5u`QKW XX 5 76<-2)67 A ) /=1k)/) :INIMT -T >ITTM LMT 5Iyb )KILMUQI LM 0Q[\WZQI 8W\W[QVI ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y !

5 =k7B 5 7:-67 .MZVIVLW a :IU~V ;]nZMb LM TI 4I[\ZI -T WKI[W LM ]V ZuOQUMV [ X Q ;IV 4]Q[ 8W \W[y ! # -LQKQWVM[ 8WX]TIZM[ 5u`QKW ! !

5 =k1B ; 14>) 2]IV ยน;I\]ZVQVW +MLQTTWยบ MV -T ;WT LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y LM UIaW LM !

6 7>7 ;IT^ILWZ 4I ^QLI MV 5u`QKW MV MT XMZQWLW XZM[QLMVKQIT LM 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ -UXZM[I[ -LQ\WZQITM[ 5u`QKW !

8 )/j; 4 4-:/7 2W[u ยน<ZM[ LyI[ MV 8ITWUI[ KWV +MLQTTWยบ MV 0Wa Vย U LM [MX\QMUJZM LM ! # Vย U LM WK\]JZM LM ! # Vย U ! LM WK\]JZM LM !

8 4-66 2 0 5M`QKW 5IZKPM[ *WJJ[ 5MZZQTT +W 1VLQIVIXWTQ[ ! !

8 :-?-<< >QZOQVQI :MXWZ\IOM WV 5M`QKW - 8 ,]\\WV +W 6M_ AWZS ! : )*A ,I^QL 4 -L]KIKQ~V a ZM^WT]KQ~V [WKQIT MV 5u`QKW ;MKZM\IZyI LM -L]KIKQ~V 8ย JTQKI 5u`QKW ! : 1*-:) + ):*ร )VVI 4I XI\ZQI PI XWLQLW [MZ ร WZ .ZIVKQ[KW 2 5ย OQKI ]VI JQWOZINyI XWTy\QKI 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQW VIT LM )V\ZWXWTWOyI M 0Q[\WZQI 5u`QKW !!! : 72); *MI\ZQb 4I XMY]M}I O]MZZI" TW[ +IZZMZI <WZZM[ a TW[ +MLQTTW -T +WTMOQW LM 5QKPWIKnV BIUWZI ! ยน4I Z]\I LM +MLQTTW ยบ MV -T 0MZITLW LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y [MZQM LM ZMXWZ\IRM[ X]JTQKILW[ MV\ZM MT ! LM LQKQMU JZM LM ! a MT LM UIZbW LM ! ; )6<7; /WVbITW 6 5MUWZQI /ZQRITJW 5u`QKW ! ; 0=4/7>;31 )VI\WT 5u`QKW MV TI MVKZ]KQRILI LM [] PQ[\WZQI" TI T]KPI TQJMZILWZI a IV\QQUXMZQITQ[\I LMT X]MJTW UM`QKIVW MV TW[ I}W[ \ZMQV\I a IT\MZVI\Q^I LM 5u`QKW IV\M MT KIUQVW LM [] LM[IZZWTTW .WVLW LM +]T\]ZI 8WX]TIZ 5u`QKW ! ; 7;) ร 4>):-B :WU]ITLW ยน,I\W[ PQ[\~ZQKW[ LMT ย +]MZXW Z]ZITยบ MV -T 4MOQWVIZQW MVMZW IJZQT LM ! ; <7=< 2W[MXP ) -[\ILW[ =VQLW[ a 5u`QKW L]ZIV\M TI [MO]VLI O]MZZI U]VLQIT -T \ZI\W I RIXWVM[M[ ITMUIVM[ M Q\ITQIVW[ \ZIL]KKQ~V LM ;][IVI 5WZMVW 8IZILI 7STIPWUI ;\I\M =VQ^MZ[Q\a ;\QTT_I\MZ [ N > )4),j; 2W[u + 0Q[\WZQI OMVMZIT LM TI :M^WT]KQ~V UM`QKIVI 5IV]MT 9]M[ILI *ZIVLQ 5u`QKW ! > -4ร ;9=-B / ร 5-B 1OVIKQW ยน5ILMZWยบ MV -`KMT[QWZ LM R]VQW LM ! ! > -4ร B9=-B 8ZQUW .MTQKQIVW 0Q[\WZQI LM ;IV 4]Q[ 8W\W[y ^WT[ ;WKQMLIL 5M`QKIVI LM /MWOZINyI a -[\ILy[\QKI 5u`QKW ! ? -A4 6I\PIVQMT a ;aT^QI ?MaT <PM :MKWVY]M[\ WN 5M`QKW 7`NWZL =VQ^MZ[Q\a 8ZM[[ 6M_ AWZS ! ! ยธยธ ยน4I ZMKWVY]Q[\I LM 5u`QKW 4W[ LyI[ LM 4nbIZW +nZLMVI[ยบ MV 8ZWJTMUI[ )OZyKWTI[ M 1VL][\ZQITM[ LM 5u`QKW Vย U !

174

LibCedillo3.indd 174

04/06/10 04:36 p.m.