Go Live Sec 1

English as a Second Language Cycle One, Secondary One

GO

LIVE ed Grammar

ent and Text-Bas Competency Developm

1

Louis-Xavier Roy Marie-Ève Côté Geneviève Bauthier

• Captivating themes for real learning CONFORMS TO THE PROGRESSION OF LEARNING

• True reinvestment activities • Videos for modelling Competency 1

English as a Second Language Cycle One, Secondary One

GO

1 ed Grammar

ent and Text-Bas Competency Developm

Louis-Xavier Roy Marie-Ève Côté Geneviève Bauthier

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS

1

ORD CHALLENGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2

RAMMAR Simple Present: Yes/No Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

C1

VIDEO PREVIEW How Are Your Stress Levels Right Now? . . . . . . . . . . 3

RAMMAR Simple Present: Information Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

C2

TASK 1 Just Chill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Break the Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C1 C2 C2

TASK 2 Go Live! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

TASK 3 What Is Secondary School, Anyways? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

RAMMAR Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 C2

TASK 4 Sketching Superstar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

C1

TASK 5 Name that Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 RAMMAR Simple and Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

C3

CHUNKING YOUR ORDS Using How … ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 C2 C3

Chapter

3

Esports Explosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64

C1

VIDEO PREVIEW More Than a Game . . . . . . . . 65

C2

TASK 1 Did You Know? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

RAMMAR Present Continuous: Affirmative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

TASK 6 The Truth About Sec 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Go the Extra Mile

Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

C2

TASK 2 You Can’t Play That

ORD CHALLENGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

C2

TASK 3 Olympics or Bust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

RAMMAR Possessive Adjectives and Reflexive Pronouns

C1

TASK 4 The Great Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

C2 C3

. . . . . . . . . . .

25

Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Chapter

2

Make a Name for Yourself . . . . . . . . . .

VIDEO PREVIEW What Do You Know About Names? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

C2

TASK 1 Hi, I’m Dominic Panganiban! . . . . . . . . . 32

C1 C2

TASK 2 Go Live! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

RAMMAR Simple Present: Affirmative . . . . . . . . . 34 C2

TASK 3 Dominic’s Last Name Explained . . . . . 38

C2

TASK 4 Surname, Please . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

C1

TASK 5 Shake the Family Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 RAMMAR Simple Present: Negative . . . . . . . . . . . 45

C2

TASK 6 Let’s Make Nicknames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

C3

TASK 7 Me, Myself and I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

C2

C3

C1

73

RAMMAR Present Continuous: Negative . . . . . 80 TASK 5 Two Gaming Champions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

C1 C2

30

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TASK 6 Go Live! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

TASK 7 My Hero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Go the Extra Mile ORD CHALLENGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 RAMMAR Prepositions of Movement

. . . . . . . .

93

CHUNKING YOUR ORDS Compound Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 C2 C3

Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

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Chapter

Go the Extra Mile

Chapter

4

The Element of Surprise . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98

ORD CHALLENGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

C1

VIDEO PREVIEW A Surprise Gift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

RAMMAR Modals: Yes/No Questions . . . . . . . . . 161

C2

TASK 1 A Gift for a Goat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

RAMMAR Modals: Information Questions . . . 162

RAMMAR Simple Past: Affirmative . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

CHUNKING YOUR ORDS Using Less Than and the Least . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

C2

TASK 2 Truly Weird Stories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

C1 C2 © 2021, Les Éditions CEC inc. • Reproduction prohibited

Go the Extra Mile

C2

TASK 3 Go Live! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

TASK 4 The Perfect Twist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

RAMMAR Simple Past: Negative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 C2

TASK 5 Slow Down! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

C1 C2 C3

TASK 6 Leave with a Cliffhanger! . . . . . . . . . 121

TASK 7 An Unbelievable Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Go the Extra Mile ORD CHALLENGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 RAMMAR Simple Past: Yes/No Questions . . . 125 RAMMAR Simple Past: Information Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

C2 C3

Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Chapter

6

Make a Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 C1

VIDEO PREVIEW Small Changes

C2

TASK 1 Autumn Pelletier

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

167

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

168

RAMMAR Simple Future: Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 C2

TASK 2 Technology for a Simpler Life

C1 C2 C1

. . . . . . .

174

TASK 3 Go Live! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

TASK 4 The Big Maker Faire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 RAMMAR Future with Be Going to . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

CHUNKING YOUR ORDS The Preposition Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

C2

TASK 5 Youth Will Lead the World . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

C3

TASK 6 My Sec 5 Bucket List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

C2 C3

Go the Extra Mile

Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Chapter

5

We Are the Champions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 C1

VIDEO PREVIEW What Is a Champion? . . . . . . 133

C2

TASK 1 Weird World Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

C1 C2

TASK 2 Go Live! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

RAMMAR Comparative and Superlative Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

ORD CHALLENGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 RAMMAR Simple Future: Questions . . . . . . . . . . 193 RAMMAR Be Going to: Questions

. . . . . . . . . . . .

196

CHUNKING YOUR ORDS Future Time Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 C2 C3

Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

EFERENCES

C2

TASK 3 Passion Fuels Champions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Functional Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

C2

TASK 4 Giving Your Dreams a Chance . . . . . . . . 145

Strategies and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

C1

TASK 5 Is It Realistic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Verb Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

RAMMAR Modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

C2

TASK 6 What Makes You a True Champion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

C3

TASK 7 My Champion and Inspiration . . . . . . . 158

Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

Chapter

1

Break the Ice

Chapter

2

Make a Name for Yourself Chapter

3

Explosion Esports Chapter

4

The Element of Surprise Chapter

5

We Are the Champions Chapter

6

Make a Difference

ORAL INTERACTION C1

WATCHING

READING

C2

C2

How can you relax when you start secondary school?

Greeting and Ice breakers

What do you think is in your name?

Keep the conversation going

Take notes efficiently

What are esports?

Defending your opinion

Listen for the gist

Stay focused while watching Pay selective attention

How are surprises the key to any good story?

Stall for time

What makes you the best?

Giving opinions

Use cognates to better understand a text

Use cues to predict Use questions to help you understand

Listen for details

Check for details Use visual cues

Take notes to answer questions Connect to the text

Scan to better understand Visualize to better understand

Predict content Infer general idea

Guess meaning of words using cognates Understand a text by looking at its structure

Who knows what will happen next?

vi SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

Describing things

Activate prior knowledge

Use what you know and make a guess

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GUIDING QUESTION

STRATEGIES

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STRATEGIES WRITING

GO LIVE!

C3

C1 C2

GRAMMAR POINTS

WRITING OUTCOME

Brainstorm

Introductions and Asking Questions

• Pronouns • Simple and Compound Sentences • Possessive Adjectives and Reflexive Pronouns

Produce a poster with essential information about secondary school

Use an organizer to plan your text

Clarify and Interrupt

• Simple Present: Affirmative • Simple Present: Negative • Simple Present: Yes/No Questions • Simple Present: Information Questions

Describe your hobbies, habits, likes, dislikes and your name

Write a good introduction

Sharing Interests and Preferences

• Present Continuous: Affirmative • Present Continuous: Negative • Prepositions of Time, Place and Movement

Create a new character for a video game you like to play

Check your work for grammatical errors

Tell a Story

• Simple Past: Affirmative and Negative Forms • Simple Past: Yes/No Questions and Information Questions

Write a real or imagined story with a plot twist

Present ideas logically

Respect Different Opinions

• The Comparative and Superlative Forms • Modals • Modals: Yes/No Questions • Modals: Information Questions

Write a profile of a role-model

• Simple Future: Will • Future with Be Going to • Simple Future: Questions

Make a prediction

Use resources

• Be Going to: Negative

SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

vii

2

Insert name

e m a N a Make f l e s r u o Y r o f C1 C2 C1 C2

C2 C2 C1

C2 C3

C2 C3

VIDEO PREVIEW What Do You Know About Names?................................................... 31 TASK 1 Hi, I’m Dominic Panganiban! ...................... 32 TASK 2 Go Live! ............................................................... 33 GRAMMAR Simple Present: Affirmative.......................... 34 TASK 3 Dominic’s Last Name Explained.................. 38 TASK 4 Surname, Please............................................... 39 TASK 5 Shake the Family Tree..................................... 44 GRAMMAR Simple Present: Negative.............................. 45 TASK 6 Let’s Make Nicknames.................................... 48 TASK 7 Me, Myself and I............................................... 52 GO THE EXTRA MILE Word Challenge.............................................. 54 GRAMMAR Simple Present: Yes/No Questions............ 56 GRAMMAR Simple Present: Information Questions............................................................ 58 Chunking Your Words Using How …?................................................... 60 Project................................................................ 62

30 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

What do you think is in your name?

People speak thousands of languages that have millions of first names and last names. They enrich our world and challenge our pronunciation skills.

What is in your name? Do you like your own name … or not? Would you change it?

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Chapter

VIDEO PREVIEW

C1

What Do You Know About Names?

© 2021, Les Éditions CEC inc. • Reproduction prohibited

A Match these popular first names with their origins and meanings.

1.

William

a. This girl’s name means “pure, favourite friend” in Arabic.

2. Logan

b. This very short feminine name has Hebraic origins.

3. Malik

c. I am the name of a medieval Norman queen. I have two syllables.

4. Thomas

d. This name has Gaelic origins. It comes from Lagan, meaning “hollow.”

5. Sophia

e. This girl’s name comes from a symbol of peace. It is also a shade of green.

6. Emma

f. A modern form of the Germanic name Karl, this name means “warrior.”

7. Jasmine

g. This girl’s name has Persian and Indian origins; it comes from a plant with fragrant flowers.

8. Olivia

h. In French, this name is Guillaume. Its Germanic origin is Wilhelm.

9. Léa

i. It comes from the Greek name Ta’oma and means “twin.”

10. Charlie

j. This boy’s name means “king” or “owner” in Arabic.

B Answer the following question.

1. What do you do when you have difficulty pronouncing a name?

C Imagine living in a country with a different language.

1. No one can pronounce your name correctly. How does that make you feel?

2. What do you think is the best solution? (Choose one.)

I let people pronounce my name the best way they can.

I invent a new way to say my name that is easy for them, such as a short form.

I tell people to pronounce my name correctly, and I help them by repeating it.

3. Explain your choice.

D Write your complete name in pencil in the marquee of the cinema on page 30.

Discuss the importance of your name with a classmate.

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

31

TASK 1

C2

Hi, I’m Dominic Panganiban!

Meet Dominic. His family name can sometimes make his life difficult.

Before Watching When they do the roll call, substitute teachers never pronounce my name correctly.

The use of English surnames dates back to the medieval period.

My friend Tom can speak two foreign languages: Spanish and Japanese.

Our teachers want to discuss the issue of students bringing smartphones to class.

I don’t like it when people address me by that nickname.

Meaning Word 1. from another country, culture or language 2. a synonym for “last name” or “family name” 3. saying a list of names out loud to verify who is present 4. The way people make contact with you or say your name 5. a problem, a subject of debate or an important topic

Strategy to help you watch HERE’S HOW YOU CAN TAKE NOTES EFFICIENTLY:

• Use keywords, not sentences. surname

• Note main ideas only.

Names are often difficult to pronounce.

• Infer meaning; in other words, what does the author want to say?

After Watching B After watching the first part of the video, answer the following questions.

1. Where is Dominic’s family name from?

2. Why does Dominic say “present” before teachers call his last name? a.

He doesn’t want them to mispronounce his name.

b.

He is the only Dominic in the class.

c.

He wants to start class faster.

3. Why does Dominic envy Korean last names?

4. What does Dominic mean by a “tongue-twister” name?

GLOSSARY

infer verb conclude using available information

5. How do you think Dominic feels about having a foreign last name? Explain.

32 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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A Read the following sentences. Infer the meaning of the underlined words. Then, write the word next to its definition below.

TASK 2

C1 C2

Go Live!

Speaking to people politely is crucial when you hold a conversation.

Let’s learn to clarify ideas and interrupt politely.

Before Watching A Discuss these questions with the whole class about the proper way to speak to others.

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1. How do you ask for clarification during a conversation?

2. How do you interrupt the other speaker politely?

3. What do you usually say when you end a conversation?

While Watching B Write down two expressions you hear in the video for each step.

Step 1: Get close, make eye contact

Step 2: Clarification or confirmation

Step 3: Apologizing to interrupt

Step 4: Taking time for goodbye

After Watching C With a partner, choose one last name each. Then, role-play meeting the other person for the first time and exchange information about the origins of your last names.

Use the four tips presented in the video.

CORTEZ

Mexico (Spanish)

LI MWANGI

Kenya (Swahili)

China (Mandarin)

MUHAMMED

Morocco (Arabic)

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

33

Simple Present: Affirmative With the verb to be, use the correct form for each subject or pronoun. To form the simple present of most other verbs, add –s or –es to subjects in the 3rd person singular.

be

have

play

call

try

do

I

am

have

play

call

try

do

You

are

have

play

call

try

do

He/She/It

is

We

are

has have

plays play

calls call

tries try

does do

You

are

have

play

call

try

do

They

are

have

play

call

try

do

COMMON MISTAKE

• In English, you need an –s or –es after a 3rd person singular subject: She likes her dog.

• In French, we never use an “s” with these subjects: Elle aime son chien.

For other verbs ending in o, x, ch and sh, add -es in the 3rd person singular (he goes, Noah relaxes, it matches, she pushes). For verbs ending with a consonant + y, drop the -y and add -ies (the baby cries, etc.).

Using the simple present Use this verb tense to express: • a fact

The cheetah is very fast.

• a habit or routine I play soccer every Tuesday.

• preferences (likes/dislikes) I love Korean surnames.

• an opinion Léa thinks hockey is violent.

A fact is something that is always true and easy to prove.

Emma’s father works for Hydro-Québec.

My siblings have blond hair.

Tom’s grandparents live in downtown Toronto.

A routine or habit is a repeated action.

I go to my uncle’s cottage every summer.

They usually come to our house on Saturdays.

Olivia often studies with me at the library.

Adverbs used to express habits

0% never

almost never

sometimes

34 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

often

usually

100% almost always

always

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3rd person singular

VERB

Subject

A like or dislike expresses what we like … or not!

Logan and Alice like badminton in phys ed class.

I hate this kind of music!

William enjoys watching scary movies in the dark.

Verbs often used to express likes and dislikes

Negative

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hate

don’t like / dislike

like

enjoy

Positive

prefer

love

An opinion represents someone’s belief. People may agree or disagree with it.

They think the Bruins are an amazing team.

Amina believes she can do better than me.

I completely disagree with William’s opinion on that issue.

Verbs often used to express opinions / beliefs disagree

think

believe

agree

Practice A Read the following sentences. Decide if they express a fact, a routine, a like or dislike, or an opinion. Then, write their number in the chart.

FACT

ROUTINE / HABIT

LIKE / DISLIKE

OPINION

1. I think that Icelandic last names are beautiful.

2. In Russia, women’s last names generally end in “a.”

3. She likes names with a Latin origin.

4. Emma and Léa rarely go shopping together.

5. Gunnar visits his grandparents every weekend.

6. Charlie hates playing that video game because she finds it too hard.

7. Logan believes his last name has Irish origins.

8. In Iceland, the first name of the father is part of the last names of his children.

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

35

1. me

a. he

2. me and you

b. it

3. Liam

c. she

4. Charlie and Thomas

d. we

5. Olivia

e. you

6. my friend’s cat

f. I

7. Elizabeth and you

g. they

C Underline the appropriate subject in each sentence.

1. (I / She) drink apple juice every morning.

2. (My little brother / My little brothers) goes to a daycare on weekdays.

3. (Dominic / Dominic and Kim) really like playing strategy games.

4. (My dog / My dogs) always wants to go outside.

5. We have fun every time (she / they) are here.

6. (I / He) have a long surname.

7. (My best friend / My best friends) has three siblings.

8. (My uncle / my uncles) works in a department store.

9. At the beginning of every class, our (teacher / teachers) take roll call.

10. The first (person / people) who gets there needs to unlock the door, please.

D Underline the subject in each sentence. Then, complete the sentence with a verb from the list. Modify the verb when necessary.

1. My two sisters

brush

2. My parents

cry

3. Their dog

4. My brother and I always

have

5. Kareem

play

6. Jade and Luisa

7. They usually

8. Cats

9. I know that Laura’s friend

be (X 2)

disagree enjoy

see watch work

blue eyes. in the same building. taking long walks outside. on that issue, but we agree on the rest. his teeth three times a day. in my class this year. soccer at this park. very well in the dark.

10. Akina often

36 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

13 years old. when she

sad movies.

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B Match the subjects with the appropriate pronoun.

E Describe your habits in complete sentences.

Example: Something you always do: I always watch hockey with my grandfather.

1. Something you never do:

2. Something you do every weekend:

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3. Somewhere you sometimes go:

4. Someone you almost never see/meet:

F Use a new subject, a new verb and a new adverb from the choices below to write three different sentences in the simple present.

Jenny eat every winter

my best friend go almost never

my parents like every weekend

my teacher live usually

you and I say always

disagree think often

Example: My teacher always says that it is important to study.

1.

2.

3.

G Underline the error in each sentence and write the correction above.

1. My girlfriend never eat pizza because of her allergies.

2. Every Tuesday after school, Stephen and Joey goes to their hockey practice.

3. I am agree with you about popular names!

4. He teachs Grade 7 English.

5. She haves three brothers and one sister.

6. One of my friends love stories about ghosts.

7. Liam and Leah is best friends.

8. My sister and her friend doesn’t takes the school bus every day.

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

37

TASK 3

C2

Dominic’s Last Name Explained Let Dominic describe the secret to the pronunciation of his family name.

Before Watching

While and After Watching B Complete the chart using your notes.

1. Dominic’s favourite last name is

2. He likes it because

3. It has no vowels; it’s pronounced “

4. The biggest challenge as a kid was that his

5. Dominic pronounces his last name

6. There are

7. Don’t pronounce a hard “g” , but it’s not sound as in

. .” . .

syllables in his family name. : continue the “

or

8. Dominic’s last name means

9. His middle name means

.

. . .

10. Put it together:

.

Functional Language HERE’S HOW YOU CAN GET THE DISCUSSION STARTED:

Reinvest C Read all four situations on your own. Then, get into teams of 2 to 4 students and choose two to discuss.

I think that …

I believe …

It is my opinion that …

1 Which is more embarrassing: mispronouncing your teacher’s name in class or mispronouncing the name of your friend’s parents when they invite you for dinner? Explain.

2 It’s the first day of school. During roll call, your new teacher mispronounces your last name very badly. How do you react?

3 Your first name is Bonneijakluvsergel. Everyone at school calls you “Boni” because they can’t pronounce your name.

Your mom wants to call the school to complain because Boni means “idiot” in your family’s language, but nobody at school knows this. Do you let your mom make the call?

4 There is a new student in your class.

You can say his or her first name because of roll call, but you don’t know how to write it. You want to put a note in this person’s locker. What do you do?

38 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

”

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A How do you address your best friend’s parents when they have a family name difficult to pronounce?

TASK 4

C2

Surname, Please Family names can be very old or a recent invention. Do you know where your surname comes from?

Before Reading A Answer the following questions in a group.

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1. What is another term for a first name?

2. What is another term for a family name?

3. What do you think your family name means?

B Complete the sentences with the correct word.

birth

census

daughter

full name

genders

siblings

son

.

1. Masculine and feminine are two different 2. Brothers and sisters are also called

.

3. If parents have a baby boy, it’s their

; if it’s a girl, it’s their

4. Officially we identify people by their

.

.

5. Counting the inhabitants of a population is called a

.

6. The moment you start your life is your

.

C Insert these Québec surnames in the chart according to their language of origin and how common they are. Some clues are provided to help you.

Brown Ross RANK

1st place

Collin Roy

Côté Singh

FRENCH ORIGIN

Tremblay

Gagnon Smith

Nguyen Tran

ENGLISH ORIGIN

(has a “y”)

2nd place

Rodriguez Tremblay OTHER ORIGIN

(a job)

(Vietnamese)

(Spanish)

Ross

3rd place

(the shortest)

(colour)

4th place

(has accents)

(has an “i”)

Singh

(Hindi)

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

39

Strategy to help you read HERE’S HOW TO USE CUES TO PREDICT WHAT THE TEXT IS ABOUT:

es orld Surnarm ound the W A

GLOSSARY

BCE abbreviation Before Common Era CE abbreviation Common Era confuse verb mistake one for the other roofs noun tops of buildings archaic adjective old; from an earlier time

5

The history of first names goes back thousands of years, but last names are a more recent human invention. Last names date back to the period of Ancient China, around 2852 BCE, when Emperor Fu Xi ordered a census. He wanted to know exactly how many people lived in his country. By adding a last name, he was sure nobody was counted twice.

The rest of the world eventually followed the idea, but it took a long time for it to reach other regions. In fact, Turkey is one of the last countries to introduce last names; last names in that country have only been obligatory since 1934!

10

In Europe, the use of last names dates back to the Medieval Period (around 1000 CE). When towns and villages became bigger, people started to use last names.

If seven Thomases and six Elizabeths lived in the same area, it was easy to confuse all of the Thomases and Elizabeths in a village. The solution was to add another name, a surname, to the person’s name given at birth.

Meanings of surnames 15

20

25

Last names sometimes identify family relationship. For example, son in Johnson means “the son of.” The full name Thomas Johnson means “Thomas, the son of John.”

Another type of surname is the use of a first name for a family name by adding the letter s, such as Williams or Roberts. Thomas Williams means “Thomas, from the family of William.”

These last names probably were the first to appear because they were very simple. We call them patronymic (Latin: patro = father, nymic = name), or to put it more simply, father surnames.

40 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

30

35

40

Other last names correspond to the person’s occupation. English examples include Baker, or someone who makes bread; Thatcher for someone who makes roofs from dried grass; and Smith for an archaic word meaning a person who works with metal or wood. Those names fall into the occupational surnames category.

Sometimes, last names correspond to a place, or where the person lived: Hill, Rivers, Bush, etc. These are called geographical surnames.

Other popular last names come from the person’s personal characteristics at the time the family name was first used: Young, Brown, Short, etc.

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• Look at the text components (titles, subtitles, words in bold, etc.)

• Read the subtitles and predict what each paragraph will be about.

• Compare your predictions with a classmate’s.

Other last names

The tradition of giving last names exists almost everywhere in the world. It also varies a lot from place to place.

Iceland

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45

50

People from Iceland rarely have a family name that they can pass from one generation to another. Most of the last names there end in son for the boys and dóttir for girls. The first part of the surname is usually the first name of the father.

For example, imagine that a man named Egill Jónsson marries a woman named Selma Traustasdóttir. The couple later has two kids; a boy, Gunnar, and a girl, Helga. Gunnar’s name will be Gunnar Egillsson (Egill + son) and Helga’s name will be Helga Egillsdóttir (Egills + dóttir).

If one day Gunnar has kids too, their last names will be either Gunnarsson (sons) or Gunnarsdóttir (daughters).

55

So yes, Icelanders have a last name, or a surname, but it’s not a family name because it changes with every generation!

Russia

75

80

In many Slavic languages like Russian, surnames are influenced by gender. Similar to Iceland, Russian siblings often have different last names. First, the middle name changes with both the gender and the father’s first name.

In Russian, the feminine form of a middle name takes an ovna and the masculine form takes either ovich or evnich. Middle names usually take after the father’s first name.

85

Anton’s full name will likely be Anton Mikhailovich Vasiliev and Veronika’s full name will likely be Veronika Mikhailovna Vasilieva.

GLOSSARY

roots noun origins

60

65

70

In some African countries like Ethiopia, traditions are similar to Iceland’s. The first name of the father is often used as the surname. For example, Yonas Abraham would mean that the first name of Yonas’s dad is Abraham. If Yonas has kids (Amhed and Zala), their names will likely be Amhed Yonas and Zala Yonas.

Different Order, Similar Origins 90

95

Last names also change with gender. Usually the feminine form adds an a.

As an example, Mikhail Vasiliev and Olga Petrova have two children: Anton and Veronika.

Ethiopia

100

105

110

Finally, in Japan and other East Asian countries, the family name is placed before the first name.

We call this particular name order “the Eastern Name Order.” For example, if someone is named Yamamoto Keiko in Japanese, it means that Yamamoto is the person’s surname. In English, we would call him Keiko Yamamoto.

Japanese last names often have word parts that refer to geographic locations, similar to English.

The word Yama in the family name Yamamoto means mountain, No in Nomori means field, Ki in Kitagura means tree and Kawa in Kawasaki means river.

Interesting fact: In Hungary, it’sthe same story. Because the Hungarian language in central Europe has its roots in Asia, Hungarian speakers also use the Eastern order of names.

Now that you know so much about surnames from around the globe, are you ready to share the origin of your family name with people from all over the world?

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

41

While and After Reading A Answer the following questions.

1. Why did Emperor Fu Xi order a census?

2. When did Europeans begin to use last names?

3. What is the surname category that describes where a person lived?

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4. What do Icelandic and Ethiopian last names have in common?

5. Give one similarity and one difference between English and Japanese surnames.

Similarity: Difference: B Place the following last names under the appropriate category.

Brooke Roberts FATHER SURNAME

Carpenter Simpson

Fields Stone

OCCUPATIONAL

Fisher Swift

Long Watson

GEOGRAPHICAL

Miller White PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC

C Choose if the statement is true (T) or false (F). If the answer is false, correct the statement in the space provided.

1. In Iceland, last names are often influenced by the mother’s first name.

True

False

2. In Ethiopia, brothers and sisters usually have the same last name.

True

False

3. In Russia, the suffixes “ovna” and “a” indicate the person is a woman.

True

False

4. Countries using the Eastern order of family names are all located in Asia.

True

False

42 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

D Answer the following questions.

1. Place the following characteristics about names in the correct places in the diagram. a. The father’s first name is present somewhere in his children’s full names. b. Middle names take after the father’s first name. c. The family last name changes with every new generation.

Iceland only

Both

d. Boys and girls usually have different last names, according to their gender. © 2021, Les Éditions CEC inc. • Reproduction prohibited

Russia only

2. Abena lives in Ethiopia. Her parents’ names are Eleazar Abel and Hanna Dawit. What is her full name?

3. Aron and Rós are brother and sister in Iceland. Their parents’ names are Siðurdur Rafnkelsson and Maria Ólafsdóttir. What are their last names?

Aron:

Rós:

4. Your friend thinks that the Icelandic word “ðottir” means “daughter” in English.

Do you agree? Why?

Reinvest E Answer the following questions.

1. Your Russian friend’s name is Nikolai Pavelovich Lebedev.

What is his father’s first name?

2. Using your parents’ names, create a new name for yourself in these three cultures.

CULTURE

YOUR FIRST NAME

YOUR NEW MIDDLE NAME

YOUR NEW LAST NAME

Icelandic Ethiopian Russian

3. Which one of the three new names in question 2 do you like best? Why?

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

43

TASK 5

C1

Shake the Family Tree In 2015, writer AJ Jacobs started a global family tree to prove that all humans are distant cousins. Is Québec just another branch of this tree?

Preparation Older relatives grandmother father stepfather grandfather mother stepmother

sister brother

Siblings stepsister stepbrother

half-sister half-brother

Tremblay-Ford Family Tree grandparents GLOSSARY

family tree noun diagram of a family’s history branch noun part of something larger

Martin Tremblay grandfather

parents

Suzie Séguin grandmother

Colin Ford grandfather

Marie-Ève Tremblay mother

Sibling

Stephane brother

Louise Armstrong grandmother

Megan Ford mother Me

Tyler stepsister

Discussion B Ask a group of five classmates about their families. Find out who has …

1. the most brothers 2. the most sisters 3. the longest first name 4. the shortest family name C With your group, choose three questions from the list to discuss.

Use the Functional Language to keep the conversation going.

What is the meaning of your name?

Is there a name that you really don’t like?

Do you think our name influences our personality?

Some people invent names for their children.

Why can this be a problem?

44 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

Functional Language HERE’S HOW YOU CAN KEEP THE CONVERSATION GOING:

I agree with you but …

Look at it this way …

What do you think?

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A On a separate sheet of paper, draw your family tree like the example.

Identify each person in your family. Look up any words you don’t know.

Simple Present: Negative

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Except for the verb to be, simply place do not (don’t) before the verb to form the negative.

The verb itself does not change form. In the 3rd person singular, use does not (doesn’t).

3rd person singular

VERB

Subject / Pronoun

be

have

play

do

I

am not

don’t have

don’t play

don’t do

You

are not / aren’t

don’t have

don’t play

don’t do

He/She/It

is not / isn’t

You

doesn’t have doesn’t play doesn’t do don’t play don’t do are not / aren’t don’t have don’t play don’t do are not / aren’t don’t have

They

are not / aren’t

We

don’t have

don’t play

COMMON MISTAKE

• In the 3rd person singular of be, use does not or the contraction doesn’t to form the negative in the simple present. For all other subjects or pronouns, use do not or don’t.

don’t do

Practice A Rewrite these sentences in the negative form.

1. Bailey is the most popular English last name in Québec.

2. The names Nguyen and Tran are Chinese.

3. I know Mr. Singh, our next-door neighbour.

4. Many parents want unusual names for their children.

5. The family name Rodriguez comes from German.

B Underline the error in each sentence and write its correction on the line below.

1. In Iceland, last names is not related to the mother’s first name.

2. Ahmed don’t like studying much.

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

45

3. My new school don’t haves a playground like last year.

4. Mr. Ross aren’t my dad’s boss.

5. My two best friends don’t are in my class this year.

6. Lucas and Diana doesn’t eat seafood because of their allergies.

7. My little sister do not always tell my parents the truth.

8. Thomas and Laurence not really enjoys going to their dance lessons together.

9. We appreciate not when you interrupt the game for no reason.

10. I am not agree with you.

C Use six activities from the list to write complete sentences about yourself or people you know. Use a negative form in your sentences.

be a doctor have three brothers practice cheerleading

be on social media listen to hip hop music watch horror movies

Example (Yourself): I don’t have three brothers.

1. Yourself:

2. Your parents:

3. Your mother or father:

4. You and your best friend:

5. Your best friend:

46 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

drive a car play video games have a dog

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© 2021, Les Éditions CEC inc. • Reproduction prohibited

D Use the simple present of the verb in parentheses to complete each sentence.

Use the negative contracted form.

1. My parents (understand)

2. Annabelle (be)

3. Mr. Brown’s children (like)

4. Our coach (think)

5. I (be)

6. Many people (enjoy)

cold winter days like I do.

7. My sister’s dog (bark)

at us anymore.

8. I (ski)

9. If you (study)

why I like Lil Sistah’s music so much. in my class this year. playing outside. the next game will be easy to win. really good at that game.

, but I am an excellent ice skater. for your exams, you might fail.

10. They (be)

11. I (call)

12. I want to bring my cellphone to school, but my parents (agree)

13. She (talk)

14. You and I (be)

15. Most of my teachers (believe)

sure if it’s a good idea. my girlfriend every day. .

to me anymore. good in math. that music helps studying.

E Write sentences about the animals describing something they don’t do.

Use a contracted negative form. Choose from the suggested activities.

climb trees like cold weather sleep during winter

drink orange juice live in the ocean swim very well

eat coconuts make loud sounds

have fur run very fast

1. cat:

.

2. cows:

.

3. monkey:

.

4. dogs:

.

5. giraffe:

.

6. penguin:

.

7. elephants:

.

8. mice:

.

9. turtle:

.

10. kangaroo:

.

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

47

TASK 6

C2

Let’s Make Nicknames A name sometimes does not reflect who you are, so your friends might invent a nickname for you. Is that a good or a bad thing?

Before Reading

GLOSSARY

nickname noun informal name

A Answer the following questions.

2. Do you have a nickname? How did you get it?

B Match these English nicknames (1–10) with their full form (a–j).

1. Jim or Jimmy

4. Liz or Lizzie

a. Andrew

d. James

2. Bob or Bobby

5. Drew

b. Victoria

e. Leonard

3. Lennie

6. Tori

c. Robert

f. Elizabeth

C Read the sentences and use context to infer the meaning of the words in bold.

Use one of the definitions from the list.

1. I had an informal chat with my boss at the party. accomplishment also known as friendly offensive people who intimidate others private space young child

2. A toddler needs constant parental supervision.

3. Winning an Olympic medal is a great achievement.

4. My sister hates when I intrude on her privacy.

5. Edward of Woodstock, aka The Black Prince, was a great military commander in Medieval England.

6. “Self-centred” is a pejorative term.

7. Bullies can use name-calling to hurt their victims.

Strategy to help you read USE QUESTIONS TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND:

• Think about the questions in each paragraph as you read and write your answers in the margin.

This will help you to understand the main ideas and to reflect on your personal experiences.

• Write questions in the margins about things you don’t understand.

48 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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1. Who among your friends has a nickname? Give an example.

AKA

Sobriquets 25

© 2021, Les Éditions CEC inc. • Reproduction prohibited

What do they call you?

30

How many people address you by your given name?

Who calls you something else? When people refer to you by something other than your given name, it means that you probably have a nickname.

5

Contractions 10

15

Do your friends call you by your full name? If the answer is no, you are not alone. A large number of nicknames are contractions. For example, most English-speakers will call a Joseph “Joe” or “Joey,” and an Isabel “Izzy” or “Iz.” We also contract people’s names by using their first name initials, like “JP” for John Paul or “MJ” for Mary Jane. We use name contractions more frequently in informal contexts—that is, with our friends and family. How about you? Who calls you by your nickname? Who uses your full name?

40

45

Sunshine

Do you remember your the pet names you’ve had through the years? Ask your parents. They probably remember all the names they used when you were a toddler. Pet names like Peanut, Sweetie or Bunny carry all the love and affection parents have for their children. Do your parents still use cute nicknames with you? Terms of endearment are also used often between lovers around the world, no matter what language they speak.

GLOSSARY

address verb to speak to someone endearment noun loving word privacy noun confidentiality hurt verb cause pain

60

MaryK12

New technologies are the source of a new nickname category: the avatar.

An avatar is usually the combination of an image and a nickname that does not reveal your true identity. People use avatars to preserve their privacy when they are online. The major difference between avatars and other nicknames is that you create your own avatar; no one gives it to you. Where do you usually see avatars? Do you have one? What does it look like?

Name-Calling

50

t

Some nicknames refer to a special ability or a remarkable achievement.

We call such nicknames sobriquets.

American rocker Elvis “The King” Presley or NBA player Ervin “Magic” Johnson are examples of glorious sobriquets. There are also pejorative sobriquets, such as for Russian Tsar Ivan “the Terrible” and “Bloody Mary,” Queen of Scots. Can you name other well-known sobriquets?

Avatars

Madeleine = Maddie

Terms of Endearment 20

35

Now … what’s in your nickname?

King Alfred the Grea

Four-eyes

Most nicknames are pleasant symbols of affection and friendship. But some turn into nightmares. Sadly, there are people who take pleasure in using nicknames to hurt others. The word that describes this form of verbal violence is name-calling.

Schools and social media sites are places where bullies use name-calling to hurt their victims because they have an “audience.”

Remember that every time you hear or see a cruel nickname, someone is probably suffering. Don’t be a part of it.

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49

After Reading D Answer the questions to show your understanding of the text.

1. What type of nickname … a. is the most common in English? b. is 100% your decision? c. is not good at all?

Who is in the photo?

a. Sobriquets only represent glorious achievements.

True

False

b. An avatar is often a mix of an image and a nickname.

True

False

c. Bullies like to intimidate their victims in front of an audience.

True

False

d. Pet names are just for children.

True

False

3. Why do bullies like to call people names at school or on social media?

E Indicate if the underlined nickname is a contraction (C), avatar (A), sobriquet (SO), pet name (PN) or name-calling (N).

1. Ugh! That player named Cereal Killer always defeats me in that online game.

2. My name is Veronica, but my friends usually call me Ronnie.

3. My grandpa and my grandma still call each other Honey after all these years.

4. Stephen’s name on social media is Stephner; it’s a mix of his first and last names.

5. Maurice “The Rocket” Richard was an incredibly fast hockey player.

6. Al and Drew have been best friends since primary school.

7. Those older boys keep calling poor Fred “Frodo” because they say he has large feet. We have to do something about it.

8. During World War I, German pilot Manfred von Richthofen was nicknamed “The Red Baron” because of his red airplane and his amazing fighting skills.

9. My aunt often calls her two-year-old son “Sweetheart.”

50 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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2. Is the statement true or false? If it is false, correct the statement.

F Answer the following questions.

1. What is one advantage of using avatars online?

2. Imagine your friend is victim of name-calling. What can you do to help?

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3. How did Erwin “Magic” Johnson get his sobriquet? Invent an explanation if you don’t know.

Reinvest G Answer the questions about the person being described.

James Christopher Stevenson likes to play online video games.

He also loves computer programming and math. In class, he usually raises his hand before teachers finish asking their questions. He’s a straight-A student in every subject except phys ed. He is not very tall or strong. Bullies at school call him names like “geek” or “freak.”

1. Write a contraction for “James Christopher.”

2. Give James Christopher a positive sobriquet.

H Decide if you agree (A) or disagree (D) with each statement. Give one reason to support your point of view. Discuss your answers with a partner.

1. It is normal to have a nickname.

A

D

A

D

A

D

A

D

A

D

Reason: 2. If people call you names, they probably have a good reason for it.

Reason: 3. People who use avatars instead of their real identity have something to hide.

Reason: 4. It is okay for teachers to use students’ nicknames.

Reason: Who is in the photo?

5. Pet names are embarrassing when you are a teenager.

Reason:

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

51

TASK 7

C3

Me, Myself and I In this unit, you had the chance to explore what’s in your name. It’s time to share what you learned. We want to know more about you!

In 75 to 100 words, describe who you are. Include some facts about yourself, your personality and what is hidden in your name or nickname.

• Write your text in the simple present and use complete sentences.

• Use a minimum of eight different verbs and two negative forms.

• Give as much information as possible about your first name, surname and nickname.

Facts

Optional: Create a poster with all the information about yourself.

Tell us about yourself. Include information about your school, your family, your personality, etc.

Example: I am a Secondary 1 student at Rosemount School.

I live with my parents and one sister.

Habits What do you do on a regular basis?

Do you do it often, sometimes, frequently, every day, etc.?

Example: I play basketball every

Likes and dislikes What are the things you love or that you don’t like? We want to know.

Me

Tuesday night.

Example: I love hip hop. I don’t like

broccoli or Brussel sprouts.

Nickname

Last name

Do you have a nickname? Why do your friends call you that name? If you don’t have a nickname, tell us a nickname you would like for yourself.

Do you know if your last name has a special meaning? If you don’t, try to do some research to find its origin.

Example: My friends call me “Lo” because…

Example: My last name is Carpintero.

I would like the nickname… because...

It comes from Spanish. It means “someone who works with wood.”

52 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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• Use the organizer below to plan your text.

Checklist I gave information about myself in each category.

I used two negative forms.

I have a short introduction and a conclusion.

I used the simple present.

I used complete sentences.

Word count:

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I used eight different verbs.

This Is Me! • Write a paragraph for each category. Add an introduction and conclusion.

Introduction

Facts

Habits

Likes and dislikes

Nickname

Last name

Conclusion

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

53

Go the Extra Mile ord Challenge A Answer the clues to complete the crossword.

ACROSS

1

2

2. It distinguishes between masculine and feminine.

4. These people like to humiliate and intimidate others.

3

11. This is an acronym for “also known as.”

12. You celebrate this event once a year.

13. It’s another term for “last name” or “family name.”

14. This word represents your brothers and sisters.

15. This child is just a little bit older than a baby.

5 6 7

8

9 10

11

12

13 14

15

DOWN 1. The government uses this to count how many people live in the country.

7. This comes between your first name and your last name.

3. It’s another expression for “first name.”

5. This stands for your personal space and life.

8. This word means that the situation is relaxed or not too official.

6. This name is used by people who know you well. It’s often a contraction.

10. You use this to preserve your real identity when you are online.

54 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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4

9. This word is a synonym for “accomplishment.”

B Read the sentences below. Underline keywords that help you understand the words in bold.

1. When skiing during harsh winter conditions, it is better to use ski goggles to protect your eyes.

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2. The brand name “Apple” is simple and easy to remember.

3. There is a big bunch of teenagers sitting together on the picnic tables in the park.

4. The latest fashion this summer is to wear your T-shirt inside out.

5. Very few people know that Mikel Mocker is a stage name for British rocker Michael Andrew McCollough.

6. I don’t understand the purpose of blocking this road at night.

7. My friend Isabel Lauzier writes books, but she signs her work with a pen name: Lizzy Lausanne.

8. The name of the company is “Bradley’s” because it uses the founder’s last name.

9. Wow! This painting is an amazing blend of bright colours.

10. They built this new highway to shorten the trip between these two cities.

C Match the highlighted words from Activity A with the correct meaning below. Do not use a dictionary. Use context and keywords to infer the meaning of the words.

1. a synonym of mix

2. another word for goal

3. company or product name

4. it means to reduce

5. visual protection equipment

6. a pseudonym used by some writers

7. the person who starts a company

8. a performer’s or artist’s public name

9. a popular style adopted by many

10. a group of similar things or people CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

55

Simple Present: Yes/No Questions When you answer a question by saying yes or no, we call it a yes/no question. This type of question is simple to formulate. The verb to be uses a different question structure.

Are you sure Mendez is a Spanish name?

Is your friend’s last name difficult to pronounce?

Do you know the meaning of your name?

Does your mom have a long name?

To be

To ask a yes/no question with the verb to be, invert the order of the subject and the verb.

AFFIRMATIVE Subject + to be + rest of sentence (ROS)

YES/NO QUESTION To be + subject + rest of question (ROQ)

I am on the blue team.

Am I on the blue team?

You are happy.

Are you happy?

She is your best friend.

Is she your best friend?

He is a good student.

Is he a good student?

We are in the tunnel.

Are we in the tunnel?

They are in Vancouver.

Are they in Vancouver?

Other verbs To form a yes/no question with all other verbs, add do or does before the affirmative form.

Remember, use do for all subjects except the 3rd person singular subject. With 3rd person singular subjects, use does.

AFFIRMATIVE S + verb + ROS

YES/NO QUESTION Do/Does + S + verb + ROQ

I need a key to open the door.

Do I need a key to open the door?

You play for the school’s soccer team.

Do you play for the school’s soccer team?

He likes sushi.

Does he like sushi?

She drinks milk every morning.

Does she drink milk every morning?

It belongs to you.

Does it belong to you?

We have to finish before 5 o’clock.

Do we have to finish before 5 o’clock?

They know Philippe.

Do they know Philippe?

56 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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Form

Practice

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A Change the following affirmative sentences into yes/no questions.

1. You study one hour every night.

2. I am late.

3. They come to our school.

4. Your dad likes action movies.

5. He is the best player.

6. We know his name.

7. Megan and Lucy are good friends.

8. She has a sweet nickname

9. Mark’s sisters travel by bus.

10. Her friends are here.

B Complete the sentences below with the verb indicated. Then change the affirmative sentence into a question.

Example: call Affirmative: You

call

your grandparents every weekend.

Interrogative: Do you call your grandparents every weekend?

1. like Affirmative: They

that video game.

Interrogative: 2. work Affirmative: My mom

in an office.

Interrogative: 3. chat Affirmative: You often

online with your friends.

Interrogative: 4. be Affirmative: Your dad

a carpenter.

Interrogative:

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

57

Simple Present: Information Questions When yes or no does not answer a question, and you need to answer with a specific piece of information, it’s called an information question.

Information questions begin with a question word (QW).

What: object, something

Who: person

How: manner

Where: place, location

Which: choice

How many: number

When: time, date

Why: reason

How much: quantity ($, kg, lbs, L, ml, etc.)

What is the meaning of your last name?

Which pen do you want?

Where does your name come from?

Why are you late?

When do you go to lunch?

How do you pronounce your name?

Who are your family’s ancestors?

How many siblings do you have?

Form To be

YES/NO QUESTION to be + subject + ROQ

INFORMATION QUESTION QW + to be + subject + ROQ

Am I at the right address?

Where am I?

Is your mom’s last name Ross?

What is your mom’s last name?

Is he coming soon?

How soon is he coming?

Is she busy tonight?

When is she busy?

Is this sweater expensive?

How much is this sweater?

Are they angry because of me?

Why are they angry?

Are these your shoes?

Which ones are your shoes?

Are Leo and Liam your brothers?

Who are your brothers?

Other verbs YES/NO QUESTION Do/Does + S + verb + ROQ

INFORMATION QUESTION QW + Do/Does + S + verb + ROQ

Do I need her permission?

Why do I need her permission?

Do you play hockey?

Where do you play hockey?

Does he live far?

How far does he live?

Does she study in her room at night?

When does she study in her room?

Does it need to soak in water?

How long does it need to soak in water?

Do we accept their offer?

When do we accept their offer?

Do they know?

What do they know?

58 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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Common question words

Practice A Make information questions with the words provided.

1. (When / you / usually study)

2. (Who / she / prefer)

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3. (Where / be / my glasses)

4. (What languages / you / speak)

5. (Which one / be / your skateboard)

B Complete each question with the verb indicated.

1. (like) What

they

2. (practise) Where

to eat? you

the piano after school?

3. (want) Where

he

4. (have) When

grandma and grandpa

5. (start) When

the game

6. (like) How 7. (start) How 8. (go) Why

me to put the hot pizza? lunch? every Friday? his pasta? Cooked or al dente?

he we

a project without a laptop?

the principal

to school on Saturdays?

C Write an information question for the underlined information in the answer on the left. Follow the example.

Example: I go on vacation in Florida.

Where do you go on vacation?

1. Lara runs with her dog every night.

2. Their children play in the backyard.

3. My dad drives his car carefully.

4. I hate this game because it’s so hard.

5. There are 25 students in my group.

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

59

Chunking Your

ords

Using How …?

Questions with how The question word how can be used independently to ask about manner.

How do you play this game?

How does she use her phone?

HOW + ADVERB/ADJECTIVE

TO ASK ABOUT…

How + often

frequency

How + far

distance

How far is it to your house?

My house is about three kilometres down this road.

How + long

duration

How long is the movie?

It lasts two hours. It’s exactly 106 minutes long.

How + tall

height

How + big

size

How + heavy

weight

EXAMPLE

How often do you play tennis?

I play tennis twice a week.

How tall is your brother Jim? Jim is about six feet tall.

How big is her house?

It’s enormous! Her house looks like a mansion.

How heavy is that rock?

Very heavy! It’s at least 50 kilograms.

A Match each question word on the left to its best possible answer on the right.

1. How tall…?

a. It lasts about 20 minutes.

2. How often…?

b. It’s more than three tons.

3. How much…?

c. It holds approximately 200 litres of water.

4. How big…?

d. The statue is more than three metres tall.

5. How long…?

e. We call three times a month.

6. How far…?

f. It’s about the size of an elephant.

7. How heavy…?

g. It’s three blocks away.

B Underline the best question word to complete the question.

1. (How many / How much) students are in your class? Answer: 28 2. (How often / How long) do you play soccer? Answer: almost every day 60 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

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You can also use how with adverbs and adjectives to ask for specific information.

3. (How far / How long) is your piano lesson on Monday? Answer: one hour 4. (How big / How tall) is your backyard? Answer: very tiny 5. (How much / How many) sugar do we need for this recipe? Answer: one cup C Ask a question about each situation. Begin your question with how + an adverb or adjective.

1. Ask someone about the distance to the next gas station.

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2. You want to know about the frequency Nelly and Sandra go shopping together.

3. You are at a new school. Ask another student to find out the duration of the lunch break.

4. You want to know about the weight of your friends’ scooters. Ask them.

5. You want to know about the size of your uncle’s new truck. Ask him.

D Ask five different classmates questions about themselves or their habits using how.

Write down their answers and their names. In exchange, answer one question from every classmate you speak to.

Example: How long do you study every night?

Answer:

30 minutes

Name:

Alex

1. How Answer:

?

Name:

2. How Answer:

?

Name:

3. How Answer:

?

Name:

4. How Answer:

?

Name:

5. How Answer:

?

Name:

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

61

C2 C3

ROJECT Quick Facts A Read the text.

There are many reasons to create a stage name. Actors and musicians need a short and easy-topronounce name, a name that sounds universal. It also has to be easy to remember and attract the attention of millions of people. Alex Nevsky (Alexandre Parent) and Cœur de Pirate (Béatrice Martin) are two excellent examples of stage names.

Writers also invent new names for themselves called pen names. Stephen King used the pen name Richard Bachman to prove that it was not his name that made his books sell, but his stories. Joanne Rowling agreed to use a partial pen name (JK Rowling) because her publisher told her boys would not find the story of Harry Potter as interesting if they knew it was written by a woman.

Brand Names Often, the creator or founder of the company is the best choice for a new brand name.

First, it is easier to trust a person than a product.

Second, when the founder has a good reputation, his or her name gives the company credibility. Think of Adidas, Gucci, Mercedes or Bombardier.

New Names Companies today usually choose catchy brand names.

Amazon, Facebook, Twitter and Google all sprang from the imagination, but they do not tell you about the company’s purpose.

Like stage names, a company’s name must be easy to pronounce.

If it sounds familiar or carries a pleasant mental image— such as Yahoo! or YouTube—people remember it for longer.

Finally, many new names are a mix of words. Netflix means flicks (films) from the internet. Travelocity is a blend of travel and velocity. Snapchat is a merge of snap (taking a picture) and chat.

Sounding right When a company’s brand name has rhyme or alliteration, people think of the name brand more positively and remember it more easily.

Rhymes are words with the same sound at the end. Ronald McDonald, Shake n’ Bake, Mellow Yellow and Lean Cuisine are easy to remember, thanks to rhyme.

Alliteration is a repeated consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words. Kit Kat, Best Buy and Dunkin Donuts all have alliteration. Worldrenowned brand Coca-Cola mixes rhyme and alliteration.

Stage names often use these two techniques too: Nicki Minaj, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus and Eminem. If it sounds right, then it has bite!

62 CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

GLOSSARY

purpose noun reason; function

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Stage and Pen Names

B Show your understanding of these concepts.

1. Place these names in the correct category.

Bed Bath & Beyond Hershey’s Tommy Hilfiger

Donald Duck Krispy Kreme Trivago

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ALLITERATION

RHYME

Fire Wire Pinterest Ubisoft

Ford 7-Eleven Under Armour

FOUNDER

NEW NAME

Do Your Project Now it’s your turn to invent a stage name for yourself or a new brand name.

Choice A Teams of two

Choice B Group work

• Pair up with another student.

• Form a team of four to five students.

• Share ideas and develop your name doing activities C and D.

• Share ideas and complete activities C and D individually.

• Explain the meaning of your names to five other pairs.

• With your team, explain the meaning of your name to another team.

C In 50 words, explain the reasons behind your stage name or brand name.

D Illustrate your name on a separate sheet of paper. Add colours, special fonts and a logo if you like.

CHAPTER 2 Make a Name for Yourself

63

Strategies and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Simple Present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Simple Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 The Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

202

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Functional Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Functional Language Greetings Hi! Hello.

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Good morning. / Good afternoon.

How are you?

Fine, thanks. And you?

How’s it going?

Not too bad.

How are things?

Pretty good. / Could be better.

Leave-Taking Expressions Bye. Bye for now.

See you later.

Take care, then.

I have to go. See you soon.

Asking for Identification

Giving Identification

What kind of animal is it/she/he?

It/She/He is an old …

Is it/he/she ferocious?

It/He/She is calm.

What does it/he/she look like?

It has brown eyes and a big nose.

What colour is it?

It is brown.

Is it big or small?

It is huge/tiny.

Is it round and furry?

It is not round; it is short-haired.

Discourse Markers To express a sequence or tell a story, use transition words like these:

1

2

3

4

First …

Soon after …

And then …

Finally …

It all began on (day / date).

Next …

The next thing …

Eventually …

On (date) …

So …

Third …

Now …

At (time) …

Second …

Fourth …

In the end …

It started when (event) …

After that …

Then …

Last …

One day …

After that …

Today …

On the other hand …

Since that day …

So now …

REFERENCES FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE 203

Strategies and Tools THE RESPONSE PROCESS

C2

Strategy

1 Explore the text • Look at the title and illustrations.

• Look for words you know.

1 • Predict

• Use resources for words you do not know.

Based on what happened before, I think …

• Read each sentence.

Stop and ask yourself if you understand it.

• Use other helpful strategies for exploring a text.

This must be about …

• Make an intelligent guess

To be a better reader, keep a reading log.

• Read a paragraph or a short section.

• Take notes like these.

• Skim

This text is about …

o te s

• Take n

?

I just read What did : Key words : to look up d e e n I s d r Wo people: Important ideas: Important t: o ask abou t d e e n I s Thing

208 REFERENCES STRATEGIES AND TOOLS

• Organize information

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• Predict what the text is about.

There are several ways to document a crime scene. When the CSIs arrive, the first thing they do is record the scene on video …

2

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• Scan for special information

2 Respond to the text • What did you discover as you explored the text?

• What was interesting to you?

3 • Compare

I had the same problem. But I am different from that character.

3 Connect with the text • Do you identify with something or somebody in the text?

• How do you feel about the ideas in the text?

• What is your opinion about the ideas in the text?

4 4 • Go beyond the text

Go beyond the text • How does it connect with your world?

5 Use resources • Do you use these resources?

– vocabulary in the chapters

I read about it in Chapter 5. It’s perfect for my writing task.

– an English learner’s dictionary – input from your classmates – input from your teacher REFERENCES STRATEGIES AND TOOLS 209

Questions in the Simple Present To Be

Verb

Subject

Am Are Is Are Are Are

I you he/she/it we you they

Rest of question

prepared? ready? cold? there? hungry? good students?

Question word

Why How Where When What Who

INFORMATION QUESTIONS Verb

am are is are are are

Subject

I you he/she/it we you they

Rest of question

here? today? now? in gym class? doing? over there?

Other Verbs Do / does

Do Do Does Do Do Do

YES/NO QUESTIONS Subject

Verb

I you he/she/it we you they

jump like need look like know

Rest of question

high? them? more? tired? sushi?

Jake?

Question word

Why Where When What Who How

INFORMATION QUESTIONS Do / does

Subject

Verb

do do does do do do

I you he/she/it we you restaurants

like see arrive do want make

Question Words QUESTION WORD

USE FOR …

Who What

A person An object, animal, colour, time, etc.

Where When Why How How much

A place A time or date A reason A method Cost Quantity: non-count noun Quantity: count noun Size Height Distance

How many How big How tall How far

212 REFERENCES GRAMMAR

EXAMPLE

Who is Katie?

What is in that box?

What breed of cat do you prefer?

What type of music is that?

What time is good for you?

Where is Cuba?

When does the exam start?

Why do you want the video?

How do you make macaroni?

How much did that computer cost?

How much water is in your glass?

How many friends do you have?

How big is Terry’s dog?

How tall is that tree?

How far is the moon from Earth?

Rest of question

soccer? the error? tonight? for fun? to call? pizzas?

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YES/NO QUESTIONS

The Simple Past To Be AFFIRMATIVE

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Subject

I You He/She/It We You They

Verb

was were was were were were

NEGATIVE

Rest of sentence

Subject

Verb + not

in the classroom. very late. in the gym. with the rabbits. first in line. on their way to Mars.

I You He/She/It We You They

was not / wasn’t were not / weren’t was not / wasn’t were not / weren’t were not / weren’t were not / weren’t

Rest of sentence

at the dance. happy. here. clear. home. in the classroom.

Other Verbs AFFIRMATIVE Regular verbs Subject

Verb

Rest of sentence

irRegular verbs Subject

Verb

Rest of sentence

I You He/She/It We You

visited enjoyed jumped talked danced

Molly. the music. on the chair. for five hours. all night.

I You He/She/It We You

went saw ate chose won

to a concert. the accident. everything. the perfect dress. the game.

They

wondered

about it.

They

shot

a video.

• Form the simple past of regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb. viewed walk walked view • If the verb ends in e, just add -d. liked move moved like • If the verb ends in a vowel + consonant, double the consonant before adding -ed. dropped stop stopped drop • If a verb ends in a vowel + y, add -ed. played play • For verbs that end in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add -ed. cried try tried cry

• The -ed ending has three different sounds. d as in gained (gain-d) t as in stopped (stop-t) id as in provided (provid-id)

• Irregular verbs* change form. ate go went eat * See page 220 for a list of common irregular verbs.

These words are often used with the simple past: ago, yesterday, last night/week/month/year/ Wednesday.

REFERENCES GRAMMAR

213

Other Verbs (continued) AFFIRMATIVE Subject

Did + not

irRegular verbs Rest of sentence

Verb

Subject

Did + not

Verb

Rest of sentence

I You He/She We You

did not / didn’t did not / didn’t did not / didn’t did not / didn’t did not / didn’t

push walk see ask call

Jerry. very far.

Amy. Maria. me.

I You Rebecca We You

did not / didn’t did not / didn’t did not / didn’t did not / didn’t did not / didn’t

feel get dig sit come

angry about it. money for it. a hole. there. early.

They

did not / didn’t

work

last week.

They

did not / didn’t

write

the letter.

Notice that there is no difference between regular and irregular verbs in the negative. For the verb to be in the simple past, see page 213.

Questions in the Simple Past To Be Verb

Was Were Was Were Were Were

YES/NO QUESTIONS

INFORMATION QUESTIONS

Subject

Rest of question

Question word

Verb

Subject

Rest of question

I you he/she/it we you they

on time? in gym class? at school? together? home? late?

How Why Where Who What When

was were was were were were

I you he/she/it we you they

last night? here? today? upset with? planning? in town?

Other Verbs Do / does

Did Did Did Did Did Did

YES/NO QUESTIONS Subject

Verb

Rest of question

I you he/she/it we you they

jump like need look help know

high? him? extra money? messy? her?

Emily?

214 REFERENCES GRAMMAR

Question word

Why Where When What Who How

INFORMATION QUESTIONS Do / does

Subject

did did did did did did

I you he/she/it we you they

Verb

choose see go? see? write learn

Rest of question

that?

Peter?

about?

Spanish?

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Regular verbs

The Future Will

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AFFIRMATIVE Subject

Will

Verb

Rest of sentence

I You He / She / It We You They

will will will will will will

try look run learn become find

to watch it. for a new dog. away. to speak Italian. friends. the lost jewellery.

NEGATIVE Will + not

Verb

Rest of sentence

will not / won’t will not / won’t will not / won’t will not / won’t will not / won’t will not / won’t

try look run learn become find

to watch it. for a new dog. away. to speak Italian. friends. the lost jewellery.

Subject I You He / She / It We You They

Be Going To Subject + to be

AFFIRMATIVE

I am / I’m You are / You’re He is / He’s We are / We’re You are / You’re They are / They’re

Going to

Verb

going to going to going to going to going to going to

swim. buy arrive play be invent

Rest of sentence

NEGATIVE Subject + to be + not I am not / I’m not You are not / You’re not / You aren’t He is not / He’s not / He isn’t We are not / We’re not / We aren’t You are not / You’re They are not / They’re not / They aren’t

a bird. today. games. famous. it.

Going to

Verb

Rest of sentence

going to

swim.

now.

going to

buy

a bird.

going to

arrive

today.

going to

play

games.

going to

be

famous.

going to

invent

it.

Questions in the Future Will

YES/NO QUESTIONS Will

Subject

Verb

Will Will Will Will Will

I you he / she / it we / you they

believe like follow see run

Question word

Rest of question

the story? that school? the train? the new student? away from it?

INFORMATION QUESTIONS Will will will will will will

How Where When Who What

Subject

Verb

I you she we / you they

find buy travel drive say

Rest of question

Jamie? the fish? to Spain? to the airport? to Jeremy?

Be Going To YES/NO QUESTIONS* Question word

* Do not use a question word with yes/no questions in the future.

To be Am Are Is Are Are

Subject I you he we / you they

Going to going to going to going to going to going to

Verb see wait watch tell drive

Rest of question the concert too? for Brian? the game?

Amy the secret? to New York?

REFERENCES GRAMMAR

215

Common Irregular Verbs BASE FORM

SIMPLE PAST

BASE FORM

SIMPLE PAST

BASE FORM

SIMPLE PAST

awake

awoke

find

ride

rode

be

was, were

fly

found flew

ring

rang

bear

bore

forbid

forbade

rise

rose

beat

beat

forget

forgot

run

ran

become

became

forgive

forgave

say

said

begin

began

freeze

froze

see

saw

bend

bent

get

got

sell

sold

bet

bet

give

gave

send

sent

bid

bid

go

went

set

set

bind

bound

grow

grew

shake

shook

bite

bit

hang

hung

shed

shed

bleed

bled

have

had

shoot

shot

blow

blew

hear

heard

shut

shut

break

broke

hide

hid

sing

sang

bring

brought

hit

hit

sink

sank

build

built

hold

held

sit

sat

burst

burst

hurt

hurt

sleep

slept

buy

bought

keep

kept

speak

spoke

catch

caught

know

knew

spend

spent

choose

chose

lay

laid

stand

stood

come

came

lead

led

steal

stole

cost

cost

leave

left

swim

swam

cut

cut

lend

lent

take

took

deal

dealt

let

let

teach

taught

dig

dug

lie

lay

tear

tore

do

did

light

lit

tell

told

draw

drew

lose

lost

think

thought

drive

drove

make

made

throw

threw

drink

drank

mean

meant

understand

understood

eat

ate

meet

met

wake

woke

fall

fell

pay

paid

wear

wore

feed

fed

put

put

win

won

feel

felt

quit

quit

wring

wrung

fight

fought

read

read

write

wrote

220 REFERENCES GRAMMAR

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The 21 irregular verbs highlighted in yellow are part of the 100 most common words in English. Try to memorize these verbs over all others.

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