Montana Home Experts - Winter 2020 by Deanna Johnson

WINTER 2020

A MAGAZINE FOR MBIA MEMBERS

MOSTAD CONSTRUCTION:

Doing Their Part Combatting the Pandemic by 3D Printing Masks

INDUSTRY NEWS + Innovative Products: 2020 IBS Awards + COVID-inspired Home Design Ideas + Independent Contractor Myths & Misconceptions + Advanced Framing for Energy Efficiency MEMBER NEWS + Executive Director Message + GRIP Update 2020 + Community Work in the Time of COVID-19

WINTER 2020

MONTANA HOME

| WINTER 2020

Experts

“ When the pandemic hit, we were deemed essential as construction workers. We really took that fact to heart and saw it as an opportunity to give back to the community.”

LOREN MOSTAD / MOSTAD CONSTRUCTION

04 From the President, Tom Stringham “Where we’ve probably all seen 2020’s strangeness affect us the most is in the crazy demand for housing in Montana. It now seems to be the norm that once a house gets listed, it’s under contract within a week to 10 days.” STEVE SNEZEK MBIA EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

07 From the Executive Director, Steve Snezek 08 Doing Their Part: Mostad Construction Combats Pandemic by Printing 3D Masks 15 GRIP Update 2020 16 IBS Winner Highlights 19 New Home Design Ideas Inspired by COVID Concerns 22 Community Work in the Time of COVID-19 25 Myths & Misconceptions: Independent Contractors in the Montana Construction Industry 26 Advanced Framing for Energy Efficiency

MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

WELCOME |

FROM THE PRESIDENT A PUBLICATION OF When I got into the leadership track for MBIA a few years ago, I knew that the year I was president would be just like this. 1717 11th Ave / Helena, Montana 406.442.4479 www.montanabia.com

ON THE COVER WINTER 2020

A MAGAZINE FOR MBIA MEMBERS

MOSTAD CONSTRUCTION:

Doing Their Part Combatting the Pandemic by 3D Printing Masks

Photos by Wandering Albatross Photography

DESIGN BY

Just kidding. No one had any idea that 2020 would be… well, so “2020.” With everything that has happened this year, it’s a wonder that we’ve made it this far. Despite the shutdown in March, we worked very hard with the Governor’s Office to ensure that construction was included as an essential service. Thank you to MBIA General Counsel and Lobbyist Abby St. Lawrence, MBIA Executive Director Steve Snezek, and MBIA State Representative Kim Chambers. They were really on it when we needed them and absolutely made an impact in keeping us all working. And thank God we did – because, as we all know, the demand for housing since late April has been unbelievable. As members in this industry, we are having to adapt to this new environment, facing new challenges like lumber shortages, price increases, long lead times, mill shut downs, wildfires, and hurricanes – OH, MY! On top of this, we are having to learn new construction practices to ensure the safety and health of our workers by following the Governor’s directives on social distancing, masks, and sanitary practices – and also different demands in the marketplace. In my business, I have had more clients ask about things that they have never placed as major priorities before, such as high-speed internet for working at home, newer HVAC methods for cleaner indoor air quality, extra bathrooms as families come together in these times of need, and workout rooms to try and stay active and fit at home. These are just some of the things my clients have been asking about, and I’m sure that you are fielding some of the same questions. While the home-building industry has been very good, our local associations have been struggling. Due to the COVID situation, we’ve had Home Show cancellations, Parade cancellations, etc. These events are the life-blood of our local associations. While our membership state-wide has not really taken a hit, the fiscal hit to our local associations has been dramatic. Please talk to your local association to see how you can help. When we come out of the virus situation, we want to have viable local associations to keep us all engaged, conduct our Home Shows and Parade of Homes, work with our City and County Governments on regulations that affect us, and provide us an avenue for networking. Please talk to your local association to see how you can help make a difference. Finally, I just wanted to say a quick thank you to all of you who have entrusted and allowed me to serve you as president for this past year. It has been strange, but very rewarding. I was reminded at every turn how important this association is to our day-to-day business, and to provide an avenue for us to trade best practices – both around the state and around the nation. As we approach 2021, rest assured you are now in the capable hands of our new state president, Rob Martin. Thank you,

TOM STRINGHAM, MBIA PRESIDENT 1131 Poplar St / Helena, Montana www.edgemarketingdesign.com

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FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR |

THE IMPACTS OF “2020” ON OUR INDUSTRY: HOW LONG WILL THEY LAST?

By Steve Snezek MBIA Executive Director 2020 – the year that has transformed itself into a regular word. Something strange happens? Just shrug your shoulders and say “2020.” Pandemic. Riots. No sports. Sports with no fans. Elections. Murder hornets. Forest fires. Social distancing. Zoom calling. Elections in flux. It seems like if something could happen, it has happened in 2020. The good news is that it’s almost 2021 – the bad news is that we’re not there yet. Obviously 2020 has affected the building industry all across Montana. Look for an article in this years’ magazine for some information on how the COVID situation is affecting what new buyers are looking for. 2020 has also seen large price increases in lumber prices (partly due to the shutdown and the forest fires), and has seen problems with the supply chain for doors, windows, etc. Where we’ve probably all seen 2020’s strangeness affect us the most is in the crazy demand for housing in

Montana. It now seems to be the norm that once a house gets listed, it’s under contract within a week to 10 days. Why is this? According to the economists at the University of Montana, it’s for several reasons. There was pent up demand due to the shutdown in the spring. Then, many people working from home realized that they could continue to work from home. Then, people living in larger crowded areas wanted to move to less crowded areas for lessened virus exposure. And then the riots made people want to leave due to the destruction of property and dangerous interactions. How long will this continue in Montana? At this point, no one knows, but it may be the norm for a few years. All of this puts increased pressure on housing that’s affordable. While the people moving in may be able to afford the increase in prices, those already here that may need to move into other housing might get priced out. On top of that, we all know that it is getting harder and harder to find land to build on, due to increased local and county regulations. Here in the MBIA office, we are prepping for the 2021

Legislative Session with some of this in mind. We will be working on legislation to curb the inclusionary zoning regulations occurring at the local level. We are also working on legislation to streamline subdivision and platting review, as well as septic review. All of our efforts are contingent on two major things: 1) At the time of this writing, it looks like Greg Gianforte will be our next governor, and that Republicans have picked up seats in the Montana House and Montana Senate. This is very helpful.

2) Will we have a normal session? With the COVID situation, all the interim legislative meetings have been held via Zoom. They have also begun contingency planning for the session should the COVID situation remain as it is today. However, we will need to see who the next legislators and their leadership are before they make a decision on how to conduct the session. In addition, will the Lewis and Clark County Board of Health have any authority over the legislative gatherings? There is a chance that the session will be all held

via Zoom, or even that they postpone the session until April and then just do a budget session (with little to no policy legislation). Bottom line is no one knows yet what the session will look like. We are planning our strategy as if it will be a normal session, but we will have to react and respond accordingly if it is not. We will keep you in the loop. As you know, 2020 has been VERY hard on our local associations. With the lack of Home Shows and Parade of Homes, many of our local associations are having a rough time. We thank you for continuing to be a member, and now more than ever we need your involvement in your local association so that we can survive this COVID situation and thrive as we come out of it. Please contact your local association to find ways that you can help. Life has not been the same in 2020. We are all yearning for a time when we can get back to normal. All of us are adapting the best that we can, but right now we are all shrugging our shoulders and saying, “Well? 2020.”

“We thank you for continuing to be a member, and now more than ever we need your involvement in your local association so that we can survive this COVID situation and thrive as we come out of it. Please contact your local association to find ways that you can help.”

STEVE SNEZEK

MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

Doing Th

Mosta Pan

WINTER 2020

MOVERS+SHAKERS |

heir Part:

ad Construction Combats ndemic by 3D Printing Masks By Lacey Middlestead Feature Photos by Wandering Albatross Photography

Winston Churchill said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.â&#x20AC;? When the full force of the COVID-19 pandemic reached Montana this spring, Mostad Construction in Missoula rose to the occasion to give back by printing and distributing 3D masks to front-line workers. >

MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

| MOVERS+SHAKERS

“ It was important to us as builders to go beyond the day-to-day work of building houses. As builders, our job is ultimately to support the community.” LOREN MOSTAD

WINTER 2020

“When the pandemic hit, we were deemed essential as construction workers,” said Loren Mostad, sales and marketing director for Mostad Construction. “We really took that fact to heart and saw it as an opportunity to give back to the community.” According to Mostad, the initial idea for the masks evolved after watching a video on YouTube about a group in Billings who had designed a digital template for printing reusable plastic face masks. Spencer Zaugg, a Billings dentist, his son, Colton Zaugg, and Dusty Richardson, a Billings neurosurgeon, created the template and made it available at makethemasks.com. Recognizing that the Missoula community could similarly benefit from the mask design, Mostad Construction decided to shift gears from construction to mask printing. The company purchased two 3D printers and got busy producing their own masks.

Mostad admitted that there was a bit of a learning curve in the beginning with the printers, but with the help of his wife, Janelle, they eventually got them both up and running 24/7 printing masks. The masks themselves are comprised of ABS Plastic, which is the same plastic Legos are made out of. Mostad explained that it takes each printer around three to four hours to print out one mask. In the first month and a half of making them, Mostad shared that they had printed over 100 masks and distributed them to the Missoula County Sheriff’s Department and other first responders in the area. “I think it was received well,” said Mostad in regards to the 3D mask project. “It was the right thing to do for the community.” Mostad shared that he pretty much stepped back entirely from his normal work

with the company to just focus on the mask printing for a month or so. During that time, his brother, Lance, and father, Gene, kept the business of building homes moving forward. “I was grateful for the opportunity,” said Mostad. Even though the demand for masks has dropped some in more recent months, Mostad said that the 3D printers will continue having a practical use for Mostad Construction once the pandemic has subsided. Whether it’s printing small-scale floor plans for contractor meetings or fabricating key chains for new owners once the home build is done, they’ll make use of them still. “It was important to us as builders to go beyond the day-to-day work of building houses,” reflected Mostad on the mask printing. “As builders, our job is ultimately to support the community.”

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MEMBER BENEFITS |

GRIP UPDATE 2020 By Sean Lawler MBIA Safety Director I think we can all agree 2020 has been anything but normal; rest assured GRIP Safety Services are operating “almost” as normal. We wanted to take a moment to field some questions members have been asking recently. WHEN WILL GRIP SAFETY CLASSES RESUME? We resumed classes “almost” as normal back in June when the governor lifted shelter in place restrictions and moved the state to “Phase II” re-open. To do our part, we are teaching classes in person as we have for over 20 years, but we are limiting class sizes. To allow social distancing in our various hotel meeting spaces, we are capping classes at 15-20 participants, which allows us to put one student per table (versus traditional three).

ARE GRIP SAFETY PERSONNEL AVAILABLE FOR JOBSITE VISITS?

Yes, we are happy to come to your jobsite/ workplace and provide a confidential site inspection. Since June we have performed dozens of jobsite visits for members; please do not hesitate to contact us to schedule one. WILL GRIP BE OFFERING ANY ONLINE LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES? We are currently exploring videographers and web hosting services to possibly make some of our classes available in an online learning platform. We are also getting OSHA’s opinion and approval for the feasibility of online courses versus traditional classroom courses. Should any of GRIP safety classes become available online, we will be sure to send notification to all our members. WHAT IS THIS HANDWRITTEN GRIP APPLICATION I RECEIVED IN THE MAIL? Many of our members should have recently received a letter and prefilled GRIP Enrollment Application from myself and Mike Rocchio. Please sign and return it in the postage paid envelope as the cost of enrolling is included in your HBA membership! Every year we print a list of every association member and mail an application to all of the MBIA Members that use the Montana State Fund for Workers Compensation and have not enrolled in GRIP. Sign and return asap your missing out on the most valuable program the association has for members!

DID GRIP REALIZE A GROUP RETRO RETURN OF PREMIUM IN 2020? Unfortunately, No. What’s driving reserves is another effect of 7/1/2011 legislation (House Bill 334) which specifically refers to what can and can’t be petitioned for reopening medical benefits, MCA 39-71-717 and 3971-704 - (ii) Subsection (1)(f)(i) does not apply to a worker who is permanently totally disabled as a result of a compensable injury or occupational disease or for the repair or replacement of a prosthesis furnished as a direct result of a compensable injury or occupational disease.

To summarize, there are two types of claims that are an “automatic” to stay open in referencing the five-year statutory closure. Those are Permanent Total claims and claims that require a prosthetic device. So far, this statute has provided more positive impact on the industry than negative because we are able to resolve claims on or before the five-year date from date of injury. However, in our case it has created an unavoidable impact to the groups return. Permanent Total claims are reserved out to Retirement age. Prosthetic claims are reserved out to Life Expectancy.

Look for our 2021 training calendar to come out in December, and please do not hesitate to call Mike Rocchio or Sean Lawler in the GRIP office at (406) 442.4479 with any questions or safety needs. MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

| TRENDING

THE BEST OF IBS AWARDS

2020

Category winners were announced at the Best of IBS Awards at the 2020 NAHB International Builders’ Show® in January 2020.

Enginuity micro-Combined Heat and Power System

Like all great ideas, the concept behind Enginuity’s new micro-Combined Heat and Power system is a simple one: remove an existing gas-fired water heater and replace it with a single unit that produces your home’s hot water, space heating needs, and electricity – efficiently…we are ‘Simply Efficient’! Best of all, the E | ONE does all this while using only slightly more natural gas, America’s most abundant energy source. After extensive development and testing, Enginuity has produced a revolutionary, new, simply efficient m-CHP system with the potential to optimize energy use across the country and around the world…it’s called the E | ONE.

FOR MORE INFORMATION: https://enginuitypowersystems.com/products/home-m-chp/

WINTER 2020

WINNER MOST INNOVATIVE BUILDING MATERIAL

Joist Reinforcers™ by Metwood Building Solutions Metwood Joist Reinforcers™ are engineered light gauge steel add-ons that allow you to run utilities right through joists, allowing greater flexibility in the routing and installation of utilities when using engineered i-joists or conventional 2x joists. They have also proved to make joists stronger (in the area reinforced) with the hole and the reinforcer than before the joist had ever been cut!

210NR

The 210NR allows for a 5” wide x 3” deep notch cut into a 2×10 joist.

I-Joist Flange Reinforcer

These allow for a 5” wide x 3-1/2” deep cut into top flange of an i-joist.

2810HR

These allow for the placement of a 6” diameter hole in a 2×10 or 2×12 wood joist and a 4” diameter hole in a 2×8.

FOR MORE INFORMATION: https://www.metwood.com/joist-reinforcers/

MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

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Mailing Address:

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Office: 406-388-5011 Pat Iwanski Office: 406-388-5011 406-388-5011 Office: Mobile: 406-580-8722 Office: 406-388-5011 Office: 406-388-5011 Pat Pat Iwanski Iwanski Pat Mobile: 406-580-8722 Office: 406-388-5011 Office: 406-388-5011 Mobile: Fax:406-580-8722 406-388-2416 Mobile: 406-580-8722 Mobile: 406-580-8722 Pat Iwanski Pat Iwanski Iwanski Office: 406-388-5011 Office: 406-388-5011 Fax:406-388-5011 406-388-2416 Mobile: 406-580-8722 Mobile: 406-580-8722 Fax: 406-388-2416 Email: pat@montanatimbers.com Office: Fax: 406-388-2416 Fax: 406-388-2416 Pat Iwanski Office: 406-388-5011 Pat Iwanski Mobile: 406-580-8722 Mobile: 406-580-8722 Email:pat@montanatimbers.com pat@montanatimbers.com Fax: 406-388-2416 Fax:406-580-8722 406-388-2416 Pat Iwanski Email: pat@montanatimbers.com Email: Mobile: Email: pat@montanatimbers.com Mobile: Fax: 406-580-8722 406-388-2416 Fax: 406-388-2416 Email: Email:pat@montanatimbers.com pat@montanatimbers.com Fax: Fax: 406-388-2416 406-388-2416 Email: pat@montanatimbers.com pat@montanatimbers.com Email: Email: Email: pat@montanatimbers.com pat@montanatimbers.com

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8/17/20 11:23 A

8/17/20 11:23 A 8/17/20 11:23 A

COVID-19 |

NEW HOME DESIGN IDEAS INSPIRED BY COVID CONCERNS The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has had a resounding effect on the way people live—not only in how they interact with those around them, but also in how they view their homes.

By Lacey Middlestead As people are confined within their homes now more than ever before, homeowners have been forced to transform their living spaces into makeshift classrooms, home offices, and gyms. As a result, homeowners are seeking ways to maximize the functionality of their living spaces to better accommodate for spending more time at home and engaging in such nontraditional activities. Whether life gets back to “normal” in months or years, the pandemic will no doubt leave a lasting impact on home design for generations to come. Here are some of the budding

trends in home design and renovation.

TRANSFORMING OUTDOOR LIVING SPACES

Designing alfresco areas will take on a renewed importance post COVID-19. Since the onset of the pandemic, homeowners’ appreciation of the outdoors has greatly increased. People seek solace from all the isolation and confinement by going outside to read a book or host a socially distanced cookout. As such, more and more people are likely to want to carve out their own private outdoor living spaces. From simple improvements like upgrading patio furniture and installing deck lighting, to larger upgrades like building decks,

gazebos, sustainable gardens, and outdoor kitchens, there are a variety of ways and price points at which to create your own backyard Eden to flee to.

MODIFYING MUDROOMS AND ENTRYWAYS

Once defined as simply areas to take off jackets or rain boots when entering the home, is no longer an afterthought in home design. Now a focal point, mudrooms and entryways are a space where mail is dropped off, groceries/delivery boxes are collected, face coverings are removed, and hands sanitized. Practical design improvements to consider could include adding an attractive bench that signals to guests that this is where they

can sit and remove shoes. During this pandemic time, you may want to leave outerwear outside your living area while it sits and decontaminates. Design a package station that can serve as a processing place for groceries, keys, outerwear, and packages. Or consider adding some extra cubbies or a console table to stores things like extra shoes, masks, hand sanitizer, and scissors.

REIMAGINED LAYOUTS

Open concept floor plans—where walls and doors are eliminated to merge living spaces—have gained popularity in recent years with homebuyers. But as more and more people are adjusting to working and schooling from home, it can be harder to meet CONTINUED ON PAGE 20

MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

| COVID-19 everyone’s needs with open layouts. Largely driven by the pandemic, expect to see a shift back towards more traditional floor plan styles with private spaces. By creating more segmented areas, including office suites, dining rooms, entertainment spaces, and home gyms, people will get the isolation they need while still being under one roof. Employing options like partitions, movable dividers, or barn doors are a great way to achieve more private spaces without the stress and expense of massive home renovations.

INCORPORATING TOUCHLESS/HANDS-FREE HOME FEATURES

When it comes to finishing touches, smart home features will become more and more commonplace, with motion sensors on faucets and voice control options of ovens, light fixtures, televisions, and music.

Smart home solutions, while once seen as more of a luxury, may now become more of an expectation of home buyers who are looking for ways to keep their spaces cleaner and safer. Materials like copper and quartz may also make more frequent appearances as they have natural, antimicrobial elements that have the potential to reduce the spread of microbes.

DEDICATED HOME WORKSPACES

During the recent quarantine, many people have been forced to work remotely from home. And whether by employee or company choice, some telecommuting may continue even after the pandemic subsides. With this reality comes the need to create a private and dedicated workspace within the home. Rather than working haphazardly from the dining room table or family room shared by noisy kids, people will invest

the time to set up a work space with proper ergonomic seating, work surfaces, lighting, and acoustics where they can be more comfortable and less distracted.

IMPROVED VENTILATION SYSTEMS

With growing concerns of COVID-19 and other airborne viruses and their effects on indoor air quality, more people are looking for ways to improve ventilation and purify the air in their homes. Solutions range from cheap do-it-yourself hacks to not-so-cheap filter upgrades for a whole-house heating or air conditioning system. Since the virus that causes COVID-19 loves dry air, picking up a humidifier could be a simple way to help protect homes. High efficiency air (HEPA) filtration systems are another great option as HEPA filters can theoretically remove at least 99.97% of particles as small

as .3 microns, according to the United States Environmental Protection agency.

REVAMPED KITCHEN DESIGN

COVID-19 has dramatically changed the way people buy, store, and prepare food. Between food shortages, people cooking at home more to avoid crowded restaurants, and more limited trips to the grocery store, expect a wave of new kitchen designs post 2020. Refrigerators and freezers with increased capacity will be critical in helping limit the number of trips one has to take to the store. Well-organized and well-stocked pantries, cabinets and other dry food storage areas will also be key for simplifying home-cooked meals. People will also be more likely to purchase or dust off and actually start using appliances like juicers, slow cookers, ice cream makers, food processors, and vacuum sealers.

To find a professional in your area who can help you create your perfect reimagined home, contact the Montana Building Industry Association for recommendations at (406) 442-4479.

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MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

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8/17/20 8/17/20 11:23 11:23AA

COMMUNITY WORK IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 By Morgan Marks

WINTER 2020

MEMBERS |

This past spring was when Montana began to feel the full impact of COVID-19, and many communities chose to be resilient and opted to work together to face hard, unknown, and unprecedented times. The impact of the virus continues to be felt statewide as people work to stay vigilant and businesses work to be innovative in an uncertain time. Here are a few stories lined with silver linings that have come out of a challenging time:

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PHONE

406.543.3086

Eric Peterson, president and owner of PETE’s Electric, shared his memories and what PETE’s experienced this past March when COVID-19 shut everything down. He said PETE’s “hopped on the PPP loans” (Paycheck Protection Program) so that they could keep their people working and in doing so, work to benefit the community. By giving back, which was a decision that Peterson and his wife made together, PETE’s would be helping to keep the economy going.

PETE’s offered free labor for electrical work, which supported non-profit organization’s budgets to stretch further in a time of great uncertainty. Most of the work revolved around safety, which PETE’s was happy to donate the labor to support because it was crucial work. The non-profit organizations only had to pay for material expenses. PETE’s helped approximately 15 smallscale non-profit organizations in Missoula from the end of April through June, with the most publicized being PETE’s support of the YWCA Missoula. An estimated $18,000 was spent at the YWCA Missoula. More than 1,100 non-emergency fluorescent light bulbs were replaced with LED bulbs which are far more environmentally friendly and efficient. Peterson explained that work such as retrofitting LED lamps has

extensive energy savings. Not only will the YWCA Missoula save money on their utility bills, which should be about 1/3 of the normal cost, but NorthWestern Energy also offers energy rebates for LED lamps in commercial spaces which the YWCA Missoula will be able to take advantage of. The donation of labor made PETE’s employees “feel good,” shared Peterson. “It gave them focus during a down time and reenergized them.” PETE’s donated an estimated $25,000 in free labor from the months of April to June. Non-profit organizations will be able to put the money they would have otherwise spent on electrical work into other areas of their work. The impact of such a donation will have lasting impacts that will surely be felt long after COVID-19.

Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating LOCATION

Bozeman, Montana

WEBSITE

www.harveysph.com

PHONE

406.587.4669

Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating rose to the challenge to meet an immediate need for metal nose pieces for masks to support WestPaw, a business that typically makes and sells items that dogs love, such as durable dog beds and dog treats. WestPaw pivoted and instead of utilizing their sewing machines to support people’s furry friends, they dove into the business of making masks. WestPaw was having a difficult time finding a supplier in the U.S. to supply them with the metal nose pieces for their masks. Outreaching to solve this challenge, Justin Watterson, the Purchasing Manager at WestPaw, reached out to Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating, another local business in Bozeman, and asked if Harvey’s Plumbing

and Heating could supply them with metal nose pieces. The only other option would have been to order the metal nose pieces in bulk from China, but given the circumstances and context of COVID-19, Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating shared that WestPaw preferred to source the metal nose pieces nationally, and even more ideal, locally. As of June, Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating has made 7,800 and they’re expecting that they will need a total of 20,000 for the rest of this year. Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating remains ready and in anticipation of receiving the purchase order for the additional 12,200 metal nose pieces when WestPaw starts to run low. Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating was able to keep costs down for WestPaw on the metal nose pieces because to make them requires no special processes, and they can make them in bulk by cutting multiple quantities at once. Harvey’s Plumbing and Heating was able to give WestPaw a quantity break discount, sharing that “not

only because of the size and simplicity of them, but we are able to cut multiple quantities at once and there is no added deburr time or any other special processes so I was able to keep costs down. They are not as cheap as the Chinese made ones but given the convenience of our location and the time constraints, they were under they did not mind paying a few cents more per piece.” WestPaw is making masks and then purchases of the masks go towards ongoing mask donations to local community organizations in need of masks. Through connections made and businesses being purposeful about working together instead of sourcing materials elsewhere, metal nose pieces are being made to support the creation of masks. Both necessary pandemic items, metal nose pieces and masks, are being made in Montana by local companies to support local people, and in the process, give back to those in need of masks. MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

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INSIGHTS |

MYTHS & MISCONCEPTIONS:

Independent Contractors in the Montana Construction Industry Montana’s Independent Contractor program provides a conclusive presumption that an Independent Contractor Exemption Certificate (ICEC) holder is an independent contractor (IC). This means the IC is engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession, or business. It also indicates the IC is required to remain free from control and direction of hiring agents over the performance of the service contracted. This article is intended to highlight some of the most common misconceptions about independent contractors in the building industry both from the perspective of the contractor and the hiring agent.

MYTH: A HIRING AGENT CAN DIRECT AN IC’S DAILY ACTIVITIES INCLUDING HOW AND WHEN THE WORK MUST BE COMPLETED.

Generally, an IC is free from control and the hiring agent only has input on the end product. A situation where the hiring agent is dictating the specifics of how the work is to be accomplished and redirecting the worker as needed would not meet the requirements of the law to be free from control.

MYTH: AN IC DOES NOT NEED TO SUPPLY THEIR OWN EQUIPMENT AND/ OR SUPPLIES TO COMPLETE CONTRACTED WORK. If a hiring agent is supplying equipment or materials needed to complete the work, the relationship might not be that of a valid contractor. An IC will generally use their own equipment and may also include the cost of supplies or materials needed to the overall price of the project. If a hiring agent supplies some materials, that does not automatically change the work relationship.

MYTH: PAYMENTS MADE TO AN IC BY THE HOUR, DAY, OR WEEK DO NOT MATTER IF THE IC RECEIVES A 1099 AT THE END OF THE YEAR. Employees are generally compensated for time worked, whereas an independent contractor is paid (usually through an invoice or other billing means) to complete a specific task or project.

MYTH: PAYMENTS MADE TO AN IC BY THE HOUR, DAY, OR WEEK DO NOT MATTER IF THE IC RECEIVES A 1099 AT THE END OF THE YEAR.

If an injury occurs on the job, the hiring agent’s workers compensation policy will probably be financially liable if the IC did not have a policy covering their workers.

As stated previously, this is not a complete list of misconceptions related to the hiring agent and IC relationship. It is imperative for any hiring agent or IC to have a written agreement with the expectations of the job or service to be completed. Additionally, each party should ensure the IC provides his/her own equipment, the necessary materials to complete the work contracted, sets their own work schedule and invoices the company for payment. Finally, the agreement should provide for liability if either party terminates the contract before it is completed.

Visit the Department of Labor & Industry’s website at http://erd.dli.mt.gov/work-comp-regulations/montana-contractor for additional information and resources. This web address also allows for a search of IC’s. If someone you are hiring is not listed on the website, they do not have a valid ICEC and would probably be considered your employee. For questions about the related program for registered Construction Contractors, please call (406) 444-6543.

MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

| INNOVATION

Advanced Framing FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY By Carl Little Published by MTDEQ and NCAT with funding from NEEA

With the recent spike in lumber prices, builders are looking for ways to reduce lumber usage and generally reduce costs, including labor, without sacrificing the quality of their work. What if I told you there is a way to build homes that does exactly that: reduces the amount of lumber, reduces labor costs, and at the same time makes the home more energy efficient? Sound too good to be true? 26

WINTER 2020

Most builders think so and are therefore reluctant to incorporate a system that is considered new. However, this system was actually developed through a collaboration between the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the National Association of Home Builders Research Foundation (NAHB) and publicized in a paper published in 1977 by the NAHB, titled “Reducing Home Building Costs With OVE Design and Construction.” OVE is the acronym for “Optimal Value Engineering.” Today the system is known as “Advanced Framing.” Perhaps the system would be more popular had the NAHB enlisted the help of its marketing staff when coming up with a name for the system, and the subsequent name change is only marginally better with “advanced” causing some to view it as a complicated system.

DEFINING ADVANCED FRAMING

Despite its somewhat misleading name, advanced framing is a simple system that requires no additional skills or tools than those needed for conventional framing techniques. The system focuses on reducing redundancies in conventional framing and placing structural framing members only where they are needed. The resulting system is 2x6 construction placed 24” on center with two or three stud “California” corners, insulated headers, a single top plate, and minimal use of jack studs and cripples. The system can be applied to a building in part or in whole, with many builders electing to incorporate some techniques that can be easily applied without changing a project’s design. One of its key advantages is the increased energy efficiency it brings to a home. In addition to the wider and deeper cavities provided by the system for insulation, air sealing is simplified, two-stud corners leave plenty of space for insulation and air sealing, and small voids between framing members are eliminated, again making insulation and sealing much easier, and ultimately creating a tighter building thermal envelope. Additionally, less framing members mean less thermal bridging. For a builder using IECC R402.1.4 U-factor alternative for complying with the energy code, these factors can result in substantial savings. The notes accompanying the IECC R402.1.4 explain that factors such as the non-insulation values and 16” on center are

assumed for the prescriptive R-values in Table R402.1.2, but this is not so for the R401.1.4. The notes go on to explain that “construction types that limit the amount of framing or include thermal breaks as part of the design may benefit from U-Factor calculations.”

IS IT STRONG ENOUGH?

Many builders find comfort by applying the “more is better” approach. More lumber equals a stronger structure, right? Not necessarily. When builders apply the proven technique of aligning vertical framing members under roof trusses or rafters, they create a direct load path in which loads, both compression and tension, are directly transferred to the foundation. This is also the concept that applied to post-frame construction (pole buildings) where larger dimensional lumber vertical posts are placed on 8 foot, or even greater, centers. While advanced framing is inherently strong, it should be noted that wall bracing solutions are more limited with advanced framing. The Engineered Wood Association, also known as the APA, recommends that advanced framed homes be designed with continuous wood structural panels, such as oriented strand board (OSB) or plywood. Use of wood structural panels also offers the builder an easier base on which to apply house wrap and siding. There are now a wide variety of wood structural panels on the market at various price points. Many incorporate a weather-resistant barrier (WRB) applied onto an OSB base, eliminating the need for house wrap.

INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS

The diagram above shows some of the differences between conventional framing and advance framing, but let’s take a closer look at the details of a few of the individual components. These are not exhaustive but, rather, details that builders often have objections to incorporating. The first, and most obvious, difference is the switch to 2x6 or even larger studs placed 24” on center. Using 2x6 studs allows a builder to easily reach R-20 with fiberglass batt insulation and whether using the prescriptive R-value path of IECC R402.1.2 or the U -value of 402.1.4, less additional insulation will be required to meet the energy code requirements. CONTINUED ON PAGE 29

WALL FRAME COMPARISON Conventional Framing

Advanced Framinga

Double top plate

Single top plate

Single-ply header or other insulated header

Redundant cripple studs

2x6 studs 24" o.c.

2x4 studs 16" o.c.

Ladder blocking (optional)

Single studs at sides of opening

Two-stud corner or California corner

a. Advanced framing details can be incorporated individually or as a whole.

CREDITS AND SOURCES: All illustrations are courtesy of the APA’s CAD Details Library, a free resource for building designers and construction professionals. https://www.apacad.org/cad-details;APA Advanced Framing Construction Guide explains the components owf advanced framing in floor and wall framing, including illustrated construction details. Revised April 2016. Available at https://www.apawood.org/publication-search?q=M400&tid=1;Insight Advanced Framing, Joseph Lstiburek, Ph.D., P. Eng., Fellow ASHRAE, Building Science Corporation. Available at https://www.buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-030-advanced-framing

MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

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INNOVATION | EXTERIOR WALL CORNERS

There are several methods for constructing advanced framing corners: three-stud corners that include a nailer for gypsum board or twostud corners with ladder blocking or drywall clips. Drywall clips are not favored by builders or sheetrock contractors, but may offer some advantages. Joseph Lstiburek, of Building Science Corporation, argues in Insight Advanced Framing that these floating corners reduce cracking in drywall. Additionally, insulated corners are required by the energy code.

INTERIOR WALL CORNERS

Another area of concern for builders and contractors is the differences when connecting an interior wall to an exterior wall. In conventional framing, studs and blocking are framed into the exterior wall in order to provide a nailer for both the interior wall and the wall sheathing. In advanced framing, a ladder junction and steel top plate are used instead, allowing for easier insulation.

THREE-STUD CORNERS

TWO-STUD CORNERS TWO-STUD CORNER (WITH DRYWALL CLIPS)

INSULATED THREE-STUD CORNER (INSIDE CORNER)

Outside corner

Inside corner

Drywall clip to hold drywall in place

Drywall

PRESCRIPTIVE AND ALTERNATE CONNECTION DETAILS

INTERIOR WALL INTERSECTION OPTIONS

INTERSECTING WALL CONNECTION PRESCRIPTIVE CONNECTION

LADDER JUNCTION

3" x 6" x 0.036" galvanized steel plate. (6) 8d (2-1/2" x 0.113") nails each side (2012 IRC Section R602.3.2).

3" x 6" x 0.036" galvanized steel plate (see: Prescriptive and Alternate Connection Details: Intersecting Wall Connection CAD Detail)

Single top plate

ALTERNATE CONNECTION 2x6 lumber splice in lieu of metal connection plate. (2) 10d (3" x 0.128") nails each side (2012 IRC Table R602.3(1), Item 19).

Interior wall plate tight to exterior wall plate 2x ladder blocking at 24" o.c. 3" x 6" x 0.036" galvanized steel plate. Install blocking with wide face (6) 8d (2-1/2" x 0.113") vertical for maximum backing to nails each side (2012 IRC Section R602.3.2). wall finish materials and for maximum insulation to exterior walls. PERMITTED FRAMING ALIGNMENT OFFSETS - SINGLE TOP PLATES

2x4 or 2x6 lumber splice in lieu of metal connection plate. (2) 10d (3" x 0.128") nails each side (2012 IRC Table R602.3(1), Item 19).

2012 IRC Section R602.3.2 Top plate. Wood studs shall be capped with a double top plate... Exception: A single top plate may be installed in stud walls provided the plate is adequately tied at joints (s Prescriptive and Alternate Connection Details: Intersecting Wall Connection CAD Detail)… provided the rafters or joists are centered over the studs with a tolerance of no more than 1 inch (25mm)… PRESCRIPTIVE MEMBER PLACEMENT FOR SINGLE TOP PLATE WALL CONSTRUCTION

SINGLE TOP PLATES

Common/repetitive members supporting

PERMITTED FRAMING ALIGNMENT OFFSETS - SINGLE TOP PLATES

uniform loads applied to single top plate The 2018 IRC R602.3.2 requires a double top 2012 IRC Section R602.3.2 Top plate. Wood studs shall be capped with a double top plate... FRAMING OFFSETS - SINGLE Trusses or floor joists at 24" o.c. A ALIGNMENT single top plate may be installed inTOP stud PLATES walls provided the plate is adequately tied at joints (see: plate unless rafters or joists are centered over PERMITTEDException: Prescriptive and Top Alternate Connection CAD Detail)… provided the 2012 IRC Section R602.3.2 plate. Connection Wood studsDetails: shall beIntersecting capped withWall a double top plate... the studs with a tolerance of no more than 1”. rafters or joists are centered over the studs with a tolerance of no more than 1 inch (25mm)… 1" Exception: A single top plate may be installed in stud walls provided the plate is adequately tied at joints (see: and Alternate Connection Details: Intersecting Wall Connection CAD Detail)… provided the Single top plates are the component that buildersPrescriptive PRESCRIPTIVE MEMBER PLACEMENT FOR SINGLE TOP PLATE WALL CONSTRUCTION rafters or joists are centered over the studs with a tolerance of no more than 1 inch (25mm)… Studs at 24" o.c. adopting advanced framing techniques reject most, Common/repetitive supporting PRESCRIPTIVE MEMBER PLACEMENT FOR SINGLE TOP members PLATE WALL CONSTRUCTION especially on multi-story builds. As noted, the uniform loads applied to single top plate Rafter Common/repetitive members supporting challenge is that single top plates require that all Trusses or floortop joists at 24" o.c. uniform loads applied to single plate Ceiling joists vertical members above the top plate are directly Trusses 1" or floor joists at 24" o.c. 1" aligned with vertical members below the top plate. 1" 1" 1" Studs at 24" o.c. With complex roof and upper-story designs, this is often a challenge that builders and designers find Studs at 24" o.c. Studs at 24" o.c. easier to include a double top plate where there is Rafter Ceiling joists no alignment requirement. Rafter

Ceiling joists

HEADERS

Advanced framing headers are usually single-ply headers that leave room for insulation instead of more lumber. The 2018 IRC in R602.7.1 requires that single-ply headers be framed with a flat 2” member or a wall plate not less in width than the wall studs on the top and bottom of the header and face-nailed to the to the top and bottom of the header with 10d nails spaced 12” on center. Single- ply headers made of either framing lumber or engineered lumber should be designed for the load they will carry. Advanced framing headers may also be hung with codeapproved steel hangers instead of jack studs.

1" Studs at 24" o.c.

Studs at 24" o.c.

ENGINEERED WOOD AND LUMBER HEADERS

2012 IRC Section R602.7.1

2012 IRC Section R602.7.1 LARGE OPENING SINGLE HEADERS

APPROVED FRAMING CONNECTOR OPTION (SINGLE- OR DOUBLE-PLY HEADERS)

Outside of wall Top plate Cavity insulation space Jack studs as required 3-1/8" or 3-1/2" glulam or multiple-ply SCL or lumber

Cavity insulation space Outside of wall

Header hanger or equivalent Single stud at sides of rough openings (most openings up to 48" wide)

CONCLUSION

This article is not meant to provide exhaustive instruction on advanced framing, but is intended to highlight the major differences between more conventional framing and advanced framing. Hopefully, it will whet your appetite to learn more. The resources listed below will provide detailed information to increase your understanding of advance framing. As mentioned previously, advanced framing is not a take-it-or-leave-it option for builders, and over time, many have adopted some of the easier techniques, such as two- or three-stud corners and eliminating jack and cripple studs where appropriate. As market pressures and more stringent energy codes, along with customer demand for energy efficiency, come increasingly into play, advanced framing is a tool for designers and builders that may seem too good to be true. In reality, it is a system with a 40-plus-year proven track record of lower production costs, increased energy efficiency, tighter building envelopes, improved customer satisfaction, and an improved bottom line for builders. MONTANA HOME EXPERTS

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Montana Home Experts - Winter 2020

Articles inside

New Home Design Ideas Inspired by COVID Concerns

Community Work in the Time of COVID-19

Doing Their Part: Mostad Construction Combats Pandemic by Printing 3D Masks

GRIP Update 2020

From the Executive Director, Steve Snezek

From the President, Tom Stringham