&RCHITECTURE 2C Portfolio [MLA]

2C

SECTION 1 Communication Chapter 1 Hidden Territories Chapter 2 Revealing Territories Chapter 3 Reclaiming Territories

3 4 11 24

SECTION 2 Technical Package

33 34

SECTION 3 Design Development ANDPLAN Magazine

57 58 73

MLA2 EDDIE PUGH 14023593 LA2C2

SECTION 1 COMMUNICATION

HIDDEN TERRITORIES

REVEALING TERRITORIES

RECLAIMING TERRITORIES

This is a journey of the hidden, the revealing, and the reclaiming of Burnleys river. Chapter 1 explores masterplaning the connection between the natural systems that sustain us and the health and resilience of communities.

Chapter 2 follows and reveals the river Brun, flowing and connecting Burnley’s community with its landscape.

Chapter 3 concludes the journey with a proposal for a new Market Square that reclaims the once hidden river Brun.

3

CHAPTER 1

Chapter 2

hidden HIDDEN territories TERRITORIES Hidden [ hid-n ] concealed; obscure; covert: Territory [ ter-i-tawr-ee, -tohr-ee ] land with a specified characteristic

4

The brief was simple: to create an ANDPLAN for the town of Burnley, in response to the government’s Levelling Up scheme – which aims to reduce regional inequality within the UK – and the original MANPLAN – a critical assessment of the built environment published by the Architectural Review in 1969. Nearly 60 years later, the climate crisis is accelerating how crucial the relationship is between architecture and environmental health. This is especially relevant to the field of landscape architecture, which engages directly with land use, its biodiversity, and its value to humans. Despite the MANPLAN suggesting architecture could lead the way to the solution, issues still persist.

The journey starts with understanding the existing condition. Landscapes everywhere are shaped by complex, asymmetric power relations at different densities and scales. Burnley is a town that has been shaped by many things, but the dominant forces of capitalism and industrialisation have seen it unwittingly turn its back on the natural capital it holds. The river Brun and Calder confluence should be a cause for celebration within the town. Instead, the waterways are suppressed into channels of anthropogenic production: shipping their contents swiftly and covertly away from the town. However, there is an alternative, one where the river is key to a sustainable and resilient future for Burnley and its citizens. Through this simple idea, the ANDPLAN was born.

5

Burnley’s legacy, and often, hangover, as a town shaped by capitalism, industrialisation and latterly consumerism, has generated issues of exclusion, poverty, and ill-health. The rhetoric of capital investment resulting in a trickledown of economic improvement has failed consistently, too reliant on dominant singular forces of growth. The UK government persists with this ideology of capital investment (i.e. levelling up scheme) to alleviate deeply engrained social and environmental issues.

The river Brun offers chance to explore alternative futures for Burnley, underpinned by investment instead in natural capital. Clean air, clean water, and healthy citizens are key to generating sustainable and climate resilient communities. This film explores reimagines Burnley’s levelling up future through ‘visions’ or ‘alternative realities’. It aims to showcase what taking back the economy may look like and how an alternative market based on natural capital could be realised. https://vimeo.com/625585974

6

This is a landscape of geology, geography, ecology and capitalism.

This insatiable appetite of capitalism and its consumption of resources means Burnley is now a landscape that strongly reflects those values. It has altered its land use at an unprecedented rate, meaning its history, environmental systems, and natural occurrences are now merely hidden territories and relics of the past. We must dig deep to understand the full context of this landscape, splitting the palimpsest layers to revel those that have been hidden.

7

For Burnley, the dominant issue is that the constructed landscape is an environment of control, built to sustain a particular cultural process (capitalism).

Yet, it is this singular well-organized expression and lack of entanglement that makes these landscapes unstable. Complex landscapes are resilient (Bahrami and Farshad, 2020), due to the myriad of responses their chaotic nature can respond with.

‘Most human endeavours, unless checked, evolve into monocultures. Money seeks out a landscapes advantage and promotes it to the exclusion of all else...stripping the earth of diversity’ (Monbiot, 2013).

The orignal MANPLAN provided a voice for the 1970s to re-examine - health, welfare, education, housing, communications, industry, religion - and ask itself and its readers what images spring to mind at each signal, and of those that do, which apply to the next decade. The aim being - hardly analysis - but re-definition. If we want to secure a climate safe and healthy community for Burnley’s future we need to radically re-think, re-define, and re-act. It is now we should act. It is now we should take back the land.

8

In order to take back the economy, Burnley must first take back the land. The Manifesto aims to empower a new sense of connection, agency and community in Burnley. Hidden territories are lost and forgotten, but have the ability to acts as regenerators for the community and landscape.

The Manifesto set out four rules that would help deliver and structure the project.

1. Remembering the past and imagining the future: Understanding timescale, climate, landscape change and the anthroprocene in Burnley.

2. Hidden Territories: Burnley’s landscape is a palimpsest of layers, entangled and connected, but often forgotten.

3. Shifting Baseline: Accepting the tension and differences between the urban and rural.

4. The lost birthright of our species: We need to explore some of the unexpected paths that can lead us towards regenerating the natural world, and what can be achieved even in the absence of any physical resources.

9

The journey to Burnley’s recovery can be explored through its ecosystems, processes, and natural capital. It is a landscape with rich environmental potential but has seen its land use shaped through the dominant lens of capitalism. Natural assets - often individually an unknowingly, used as a resource and a source of production, now are depleted, scarred, and forgotten. Burnley, in reaction, has developed a typical neo-liberal response to this; commercialism.

However, as the High Street Task Force (2021) acknowledge the issue this approach has on the over reliance on retailing. They suggest the town centre function needs to be rebalanced to provide a broader range of alternative functions.

In addition to producing an oversupply of shop property, the post-war planning system also produced damaging levels of competition between towns and cities. This process was particularly marked in densely populated regions such as southern Lancashire. As one of the heartlands of the industrial revolution, the region contained both the principal city of Manchester and numerous mid-size manufacturing towns. In the post-war decades, local authorities were well aware of the threat posed by the decline of the local industries and looked to retail development as a means of reinventing their towns and rejuvenating their economies.

Leading planner Max Lock complained in the early 1960s about ‘slap-happy over-provision of shopping floor space. Around the same time, the Guardian warned: ‘As more and more towns in a small area… redevelop their centres and build expensive shopping districts…it is likely that one town’s catchment area of shoppers may begin to overlap with that of another’. Central government agreed with this diagnosis.

National studies carried out by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government found that redevelopment in many town centres had increased total retail floor space by ‘as much as 50%, and in one case 200%’.

This project therefore brings together two important factors in producing a sustainable community and landscape for Burnley’s future. It does this by acknowledging, developing, and strategically planning for a healthier river system for all of Burnley’s community and the environment. The chosen site in Burnley’s town centre sits on top of the Brun River and at the culmination of the Brun catchment. It is both a geographically and culturally significant site.

10

CHAPTER 2

REVEALING TERRITORIES Reveal [ ri-veel ] to make known; disclose; divulge: to reveal a secret. to lay open to view; display; exhibit.

Territory [ ter-i-tawr-ee, -tohr-ee ] land with a specified characteristic

11

“Landscaping is often what you leave out, not what you put in.....You need absolute simplicity to knit the landscape back again.” Sylvia Crowe The removal of retail units may seem radical, but in revealing the River, a new value is instilled into the town centre.

The Market Square has the ability to connect Burnley with the River Brun and it’s natural processes, becoming the gateway into the system. It aims to showcase the elements of the upstream Brun catchment in a refined form to enable the Market Square to be an adaptable, flexible, but crucially, an expressive and evocative place. It is this connection with natural capital, its processes and systems that aims to remove the town centres reliance on consumerism and towards a landscape of local representation, openness, and healthy ecological function. This proposal is therefore an acknowledgement of people and community as actors within the ecosystem, the missing relationship with nature and the need for communities, such as Burnley, to explore landscape value beyond finance and economic growth.

12

CONCEPT SKETCH

Concept Sketch. Inspired by the sublime form, distilled natural elements, and loose sketchwork, of Lawrence Halprin.

13

DESIGN PRECEDENT

Yosemite sketch by Lawrence Halprin. A design showcasing the natural capital and sublime nature of aspect, height, incidence and the ‘reveal’.

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater provided design inspiration for the pairing of minimal planes, sharp lines, and abundant wild foliage.

14

CONCEPT PRECEDENT

Acting alongside the aesthetic and conceptual approach of Lawrence Halprin, the Market Square draws inspiration from the river Aire naturalisation project in Switzeland by Atelier Descombes Rampini / Superpositions.

Similarily to the River Brun, the Aire River flows through valleys historically devoted to farming. From the late 19th century, the river was progressively canalized. In 2001, it was re-defined by Superposistions and it took back the land.

15

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

In a radical attempt to re-define Burnley’s town centre, the once culverted and canalized river is revealed. It’s presence defiantly pushing out parallel contours across the square.

16

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A model was created to understand levels and proportions within the site.

17

There is direct link between land use and the climate crisis, with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2022) acknowledging that land use can contribute significantly to mitigation of climate change, including through the promotion of sustainable management of forests. As landscape designers, we can encounter the forest as building site, as obstacle, and as resource—territory to be cleared, but also to be preserved, cultivated, tamed, or simulated (Topalovic et al., 2018). This is a chance at gathering a different narrative of forestry in the 21st century and using it as a resource for a more sustainable future.

18

Planting trees on and around riverbanks, or allowing them to grow naturally, can help to improve water quality by blocking the runoff of pollutants into rivers, manage flood risks by slowing the flow of water, boost biodiversity by creating new habitat corridors and make our rivers more climate resilient by providing shade and cooling water temperatures (GOV. CO.UK, 2021).

Trees are important components in any water cycle.

They act as natural filters and soil stabilizers, providing a valuable buffer against threats such as floods and erosion, while also making the landscape more resilient to the long-term effects of climate change.

Agroforestry, the practice to incorporate trees and shrubs in agricultural land use, is therefore a key component in improving local water resources and increasing farmers’ control over and access to freshwater.

[TOP] Proposed strategic expansion of the Brun Valley Forest. [BELOW] Forest gardens and treetop balconies immerse users in nature.

By actively incorporating trees and shrubs when cultivating the land, farmers may also reduce the negative impacts of climate change on the natural environment around them, as agroforestry is a useful tool to restore degraded land and watercourses. All this without causing any harm to downstream water users.

19

Healthy, attractive streams improve communities.

They are important resources for migrating fish, birds and other wildlife. 70% of Burnleys population live within 1km of water, yet cruciually, they lack good quality access to this seemingly invisible territory.

20

The river is all about process and connection. You need the people who live with an ecosystem to be part of it (Matteos, 2020). Engaging with a functioning ecosystem within a cultural landscape and within a democratic society should be viewed as an ongoing process. This engagement involves actively studying—and imagining—what landscapes are, and what they can be.

[LEFT] The new design accomodates natural proccesses, allowing ‘wiggle’ space for the river course. [ABOVE] The Brun river cuts through the heart of Burnley, a revealed natural territory.

‘The designation terra firma (firm, not changing; fixed and definite) gives way in favor of the shifting processes coursing through and across the urban field: Terra Fluxus’ (Corner 2006:32), the notion that the landscape can work in balance with the urban environment to create societies that will ‘contribute to the overall health and well-being of the urban population.’

(Corner, 2006:22).

21

The role of the parallel streets is twofold - to allow the river to dictate the space around it, bringing it to the forefront of attention. Secondly it allows for distinct spaces to be generated. Near the market hall each street is kept open, allowing for a flexible use of space and expansion of market stalls. As you move further out from the bustling market, each street becomes more secluded, wild, and natural. It is this natural succession and blending of hard and soft boundaries that draws links to the rivers sinuous and holistic relationship with its landscape. It is all connected, and the seams or streets breaking out from the river echo like contours throughout the market square. The emergence of the forest is a direct comment on the connection with the natural habitat that the river flows through upstream.

22

The sharp juxtaposition of orthogonal, versus wild, spontaneous slowly merges yet always keeps signifiers of the previous states, as a testimony of its natural or cultural dynamics – as a palimpsest of its history. In revealing hidden territories, new territories are claimed.

23

CHAPTER 3

RECLAIMING TERRITORIES Reclaim [ ri-kleym ] to retrieve or recover something previously lost to bring back to a preferable manner of living Territory [ ter-i-tawr-ee, -tohr-ee ] land with a specified characteristic

24

TAKE BACK THE FOREST

25

TAKE BACK THE RIVER 26

TAKE BACK THE MARKET

27

The ANDPLAN recognises the potential the rivers have in Burnley. The film explores natural capital and alternative futures in Burnley. The Manifesto sets out to reclaim the hidden territories. The design aims to reveal the Brun River and connect the natural capital of the landscape with the town. However, the journey is not finished here.

Burnley’s community have an opportunity to TAKE BACK THE LAND, to BACK THE FOREST, to BACK THE RIVER, and to BACK THE MARKET. They can reclaim a relationship with the hidden territories, the landscape, and its natural value. A value that has biodiversity, resilience, sustainable futures, economic capital, and people at its heart. It is Burnley who can BACK MARKET SQUARE.

28

Market Square visualisation.

29

Market Square visualisations.

30

Market Square through the seasons.

31

The Market Sqaure is the initiation of a cultural overhaul. A cultural overhaul of taking BACK THE LAND.

32

SECTION 2 TECHNICAL PACKAGE

33

DEMOLITION PLAN

35

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 1:500

36

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 1:200

37

DRAINAGE PLAN

38

ROAD LAYOUT

39

SITE SECTION 1

40

SITE SECTION 2

41

SITE SECTION 3

42

PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 1

43

PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 2

44

STEPS SECTION

45

STEPS SECTION AND DETAIL

46

STEPS AND SEATING DETAIL 1

47

STEPS AND SEATING DETAIL 2

48

STEPS AND SEATING DETAIL 2

48

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

49

MATERIAL SECTION

50

RIVER PLAN AND SECTION

51

PLANTING GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

52

PLANTER TYPOLOGY A

53

PLANTER TYPOLOGY B

54

PLANTING KEY

55

PLANTING SCHEDULE

56

34

Car Park Car Park

River Brun Notes:

122.8m

SM

Phase 1:

120.7m

Phase 2:

Car Park

114.6m

Market Square, BURNLEY

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

110.3m

.0m

Document Date:

22/04/2022

Ramp

Phase 3:

Document Phase: Car Park

Demolition Plan Scale: Brun 1:500

River 110.0m 111.6m ESS

Car Park

Notes:

Complete Building Removal 116.4m

Ground Floor Removal Structure Removal

111.6m

Removed concrete to be crushed and recylced on site into a mixed aggregate ‘terrazzo style’ cement mix for hardscaping (See MATERIAL SPECIFICATION).

Steel frames from removed buildings used as supports for new river channel.

Sites for Development Replacement

Eddie Pugh

35

Car Park Car Park

Notes:

River Brun

122.8m

SM

Oppurtunities for replacement development Road Redevelopment (See ROAD LAYOUT )

(each step 250mm drop) [recycled concrete crush base]

Forest Garden

c

Ampitheatre

d

River Brun ‘Canyon’

e

Market Hall

110.0m

g

WEST

EAST

SOUTH

j b

Treetop Immersive Balconies [Concrete pad base cantilever into exisitng structure] [Corten steel barriers]

Restricted Vehicle access to Curzon Street for market deliveries

114.6m

e

b d

Rooftop Garden [2ND PHASE]

i

c

Market Square, BURNLEY

a

[Ground Floor removed allowing for permeable flow in and out if market square]

Walkable links to existing pedestrianised St. James Street

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

[Woodland typology planters]

h

j

NORTH

River Revealing Steps

b

f

120.7m

Profile:

a

110.3m

Car Park

j

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

i

a

Bridge

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

j

f

River

110.0m

Scale:

g

111.6m

Brun

ESS

Car Park

1:500 @A1 Car Park

Notes: River Brun

h

Buildings Planters River Base

116.4m

Hardscape Base Conifer Tree Decidous Tree

111.6m

ark

Steel Bollard Parallel Wall and Line

Eddie Pugh

36

Ste

pD

Planter Typology A see page

B ni

Betula nigra

B pe

Betula pendula

Ld

Larix decidua

Lk

Larix kaempferi

P sy

Pinus sylvestris

S auc

Sorbus aucuparia

1

Gravel Bed see page

2

Steps see page

3

Parallel Walls polished black concrete see page

4

Hardscape recycled resin based Terrazzo style concrete see page

rop

=2

B pe P sy

50

P sy

S auc

P sy

B pe

B ni

mm

1000mm

Ld

4500mm

3000mm S auc

B pe

4

S auc

S auc

B pe

+107.8M

a mm

S auc

Ld 10

S auc

m

0m

00

B ni

00

50

S auc

B pe

S auc

Lk S auc

B pe 10

m

0m

00

B pe

Lk

P sy

Market Hall B pe

m

0m

0 40

m

m 00

40

+110.2M P sy

B pe

mm

00

0 10

1

mm

00

0 10

Ld

Document Date:

22/04/2022 P sy

B ni

Lk

mm

B pe

00

80

B pe

m

0m

0 50

B ni

Balcony +116.2M

m

0m

B pe

50

Notes:

+108M

m

Hardscape Base Conifer Tree

B pe

Ld

M .50

SOUTH

River Base

Decidous Tree

Lk

9 +10

EAST

4

P sy

5M 9.2 +10 00mm 50

WEST

Planters

9M +100mm 500

Existing Building

Buildings

B ni

Balcony +116.2M

5M 8.7 m +10000m 5

+110M NORTH

m

mm

0

River Brun

Step Drop = 500mm

Step Drop = 250mm

0m

50

50

B pe

2

P sy

0m

00

10

M 8.5 +10 0mm 500

m

0m

50

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 1:200 @A1

P sy

0

80

Document Phase:

Scale:

+109.9M m 0m

Market Square, BURNLEY

a

3

B ni

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

2

Notes:

One Syst-way em

Pede Cros strian sing

Steel Bollard

P sy

Balcony +116.2M

Parallel Wall and Line

Eddie Pugh

37

Car Park Car Park

River Brun

122.8m

Bioswales are vegetated, shallow, landscaped depressions designed to capture, treat, and infiltrate stormwater runoff as it moves downstream. They are typically sized to treat the water quality event, also known as the “first flush,” which is the first and often most polluted volume of water resulting from a storm event. Bioswales are the most effective type of green infrastructure facility in slowing runoff velocity and cleansing water while recharging the underlying groundwater table.

110.3m 120.7m NORTH

WEST

110.4m EAST

SOUTH

110.7m

110.4m

110.4m

110.2m 110.3m

114.6m

Market Square, BURNLEY

Channel drains are used to prevent water from pooling on impervious surfaces.The channel drain is installed in the pavement and helps collect the water before it pools.

After collecting the water, the channel drain redirects the water flow into a bioswale.

SM

There are 2 main types of drainage systems across the site: CHANNEL DRAINS and BIOSWALES.

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Notes:

110.2m

(See

m

PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 1 and PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 2)

Document Date: Car Park 110.9m

110.1m

109.9m

22/04/2022

110.1m

Document Phase:

109.9m

108m

Drainage Plan 109.9m

Scale:

110m

run

B 1:500 @A1

River

110.0m 111.6m ESS

110m

Car Park

110.2m

Car Park

111.4m

Notes: Bioswale Channel Drain Surface Water Flow

111.3m

Climate: In Burnley, the climate is warm and temperate. Burnley is a city with a significant rainfall. Even in the driest month there is a lot of rain. The climate here is classified as Cfb by the Koppen-Geiger system. The average annual temperature is 8.1 °C | 46.7 °F in Burnley. In111.6m a year, the rainfall is 1228 mm | 48.3 inchs.

116.4m 111.1m

110.5m

Eddie Pugh

38

Notes: Bankfield Road proposal: One-way system from West to East to increase walkability and reduce speed through narrowing and traffic calming.

River B run

2 3

Additional ‘drop off’ zones for motorists Bollard restricted exit from Curzon Street for delivery vehicles serving the market.

Bank

field

Cur Strezeon t

Proposed builidngs on old river Brun course

4

Additional pedestrian crossings

5

Bicycle parking

Road

Existing Building

Existing Building

Market Square, BURNLEY

1

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

110.3m

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

ROAD LAYOUT Scale:

1:100 110.3m 3

Prop

sed

1

2

Bank

field

Build

ings

Notes:

Road

Cur Strezeon t 4

4

One-

way

Syst

em 4

5

Eddie Pugh

39

Market Hall Repurposed Into Flexible Space

View Across Market Square and River Brun

Treetop Immersive Balconies

Cantilever

Scale: 1:100

Scale: 1:100 Market Hall Ground Floor Removed

Permeable Landscape Space Replaces Shops

Steps Reveal the River

Parallel Walls Divide Space Into Market ‘Streets’

Existing Car Park Repurposed

Market Square, BURNLEY

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Market Hall Clad In Larch From Local Forest of Brun

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

SITE SECTION 1 Scale:

1:500 Market Hall

Forest Garden

Bridge

Treetop Immersive Balconies

Eddie Pugh

40

Treetop Immersive Balconies

2000mm

3000mm

2000mm

Market Square, BURNLEY

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

1000mm

Scale: 1:100 Steps Reveal the River

Document Date:

Existing Car Park Repurposed

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

SITE SECTION 2 Scale:

1:250

Existing Building

Steps Join to Market Square

Existing Car Park Repurposed

River Brun Depth Flood Event 1500m River Brun Depth Winter Period 500-1000m River Brun Depth Summer Period 200-400mm

Eddie Pugh

41

Larch Cladding Market Hall First Floor

Market Hall Ground Floor

800mm

River Brun Depth Flood Event 1500m River Brun Depth Winter Period 500-1000m River Brun Depth Summer Period 200-400mm

Scale: 1:50

Gravel Bed

Concrete Pad Steel Retaining Wall

Market Square, BURNLEY

Existing Concrete Pillar

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

5000mm

Scale: 1:50 500mm

4500mm

1000mm

4500mm

500mm

Forest Garden

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

SITE SECTION 3 Scale:

1:200 Market Hall

Bridge

Open Air Market ‘Streets’

Open Air Market ‘Streets’

Forest Typology

River Brun

Eddie Pugh

42

Market Square, BURNLEY

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

PLANTER & TREE PIT DETAIL 1 Scale:

Black Concrete Corten Planter Edging Concrete Foundation

Perforated Drainage Pipe

Soil Mix

1:25

500mm

Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base

1000mm

500mm

Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base

Black Concrete [Finnish: Polished] Black Concrete [Finnish: Coarse] Corten Planter Edging Concrete Foundation

Geotextile Root Guard Perforated Drainage Pipe

Soil Mix A [Fine] Soil Mix B [Coarse] Gravel Base

Eddie Pugh

43

Channel Drain

Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base

TYPE 1

Market Square, BURNLEY

Black Concrete

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

500mm

Document Date: Silver Birch and Larch

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

PLANTER & TREE PIT DETAIL 2 Scale:

1:30

Black Concrete

Fern Channel Drain

Grasses

Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base

TYPE 2 Concrete Foundation

Corten Planter Edging

Black Concrete

Soil Mix

Eddie Pugh

44

Crossfall 2%

15mm Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base

800mm 2000mm

250mm

500mm 8000mm

4000mm

4000mm

4000mm

4000mm

4000mm

32000mm

Market Square, BURNLEY

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Corten Steel Edge

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

STEPS SECTION

Black Concrete [Finnish: Coarse] Corten Planter Edging Concrete Foundation

Geotextile Root Guard Perforated Drainage Pipe

Soil Mix A [Fine] Soil Mix B [Coarse]

Scale:

1:200

Gravel Base

Eddie Pugh

Scale: 1:50

45

2000m

Nut and Corten Cap

Larch Corten Steel

Bolt Set into Yorkstone Brick

Seating

Tree Guard

Yorkstone Brick

Tree Planter

Perforated Drainage Pipe

Gravel Base

Scale: 1:25

2000m Nut and Corten Cap

Market Square, BURNLEY

Geotextile Root Guard

Soil Mix B [Coarse]

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Tree Pit

Soil Mix A [Fine]

1100m

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Larch

Document Phase:

800m

STEPS & SEATING DETAIL 1

450m

Scale:

1:200 Corten Steel

Notes:

500mm 250mm

Scale: 1:25

500mm

Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style Tree Planter

Larch Clad Circle Seat

Concrete Foundation

Corten Edging

Yorkstone Brick

400m

1200m 2000m

Eddie Pugh

46

Tree Chimney becomes island

River depth 1000mm

Market Square, BURNLEY

River depth 500mm

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Variable water height scenario:

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

Black Concrete [Finnish: Coarse]

STEPS & SEATING DETAIL 2 Scale:

1:25 Gravel Base

Notes:

Corten Bolt Caps

Corten Edging

Concrete Foundation

Larch Clad Tree Seat Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style Tree Planter

Corten Tree Guard

Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style Tree Planter

Larch Clad Tree Seat

Corten Tree Guard

Eddie Pugh

47

Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base

Corten Barrier Corten Step Edging

Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base

Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter and Bench Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter

Market Square, BURNLEY

Corten Retaining Wall

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Corten Steel Edge

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

STEPS & SEATING DETAIL 3 Scale:

1:50 Notes: Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter and Bench

Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter

Corten Retaining Wall

Corten Barrier

Corten Step Edging

Eddie Pugh

48

meteirals

1

2 Recycled and Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base [Finnish: Coarse]

2 3

3

4

Corten Steel [Finnish: Raw]

Market Square, BURNLEY

1

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Black Concrete [Finnish: Polished]

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION 4 Forest of Brun Sourced Larch Timber [Finnish: Water repellent oils and preservative]

5

Scale:

N/A Notes:

5 Locally Sourced Yorkstone Brick [Finnish: Rough untreated Brick with Lime Mortar]

Eddie Pugh

49

Market Square, BURNLEY

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Material incidence and palette section

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

MATERIAL SECTION Scale:

1:200 Notes:

Recycled and Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base [Finnish: Coarse] Corten Steel [Finnish: Raw] Black Concrete [Finnish: Polished] Forest of Brun Sourced Larch Timber [Finnish: Water repellent oils and preservative]

Eddie Pugh

50

5000mm

Geotextile Roles 400mm

Geotextile Matting 200mm

Marginal Aquatic Plants

Gravel 50% and Soil 50% Mix Base

Wooden Peg L: 100mm

Market Square, BURNLEY

1500mm

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

750mm

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Phase 1:

Document Phase:

RIVER PLAN & SECTION Scale:

NOT TO SCALE 1500mm

Phase 2:

Phase 3:

Notes: GEOTEXTILE: Coir Rolls provide immediate soft edge erosion control to river banks, streams, canals, lake edges and ponds.

The rolls can be planted with native flora and fauna to help establish wildlife habitats and help to improve site biodiversity.

Eddie Pugh

51

P sy

S auc

P sy

P sy

B pe

B ni

S auc

E YP

S auc

RT

B pe

E NT

S auc

B

B pe S auc

B pe

a

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

PLA

Ld

PLAN

S auc

TER

Ld

TYPE

A

S auc

B ni

Lk

S auc S auc

B pe

B pe

Market Square, BURNLEY

B pe

B ni

Lk

B pe

Document Date: Ld

Lk

P sy

Market Hall

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

B pe

Ld

P sy

B ni

S auc

P sy

B pe

PLANTING GA

B pe B pe

Ld

Scale:

S auc

1:200

B pe

P sy Lk

B pe Ld

B pe B pe

Notes:

B ni

PLANTER TYPE A (see page: )

Ld

B ni B ni

P sy

Ld

PLANTER TYPE B (see page: )

B pe

B pe

2

B ni

P sy

P sy

B pe

B ni

Eddie Pugh

52

PLANTER TYPE A

PLANTER TYPE A

Trees:

Larix decidua

Holcus lanatus Eragrostis curvula Arrhenatherum elatius Alopecurus pratensis

Market Square, BURNLEY

Grass Mix:

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Betula pendula

Fern:

Osmunda regalis Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

Bulb Mix:

Stellaria holostea Ornithogalum umbellatum Hyacinthoides non-scripta Galanthus nivalis

PLANTER TYPOLOGY A Scale:

NOT TO SCALE Groundcover Mix: Vinca minor

Hedera helix Vinca minor Hedera helix Vinca minor

Notes: Fern: Planted in middle of cross as single pot.

Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2 See PLANT KEY

Eddie Pugh

53

PLANTER TYPE B

Trees:

Larix decidua

Fern:

Osmunda regalis

Market Square, BURNLEY

Betula pendula

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

PLANTER TYPE B

Grass Mix:

Holcus lanatus Eragrostis curvula Arrhenatherum elatius Alopecurus pratensis

Bulb Mix:

Stellaria holostea Ornithogalum umbellatum Hyacinthoides non-scripta Galanthus nivalis

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

PLANTER TYPOLOGY B Scale:

NOT TO SCALE Groundcover Mix:

Vinca minor

Hedera helix Vinca minor Hedera helix Vinca minor

Notes: Fern: Planted in middle of cross as single pot.

Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2 See PLANT KEY

Eddie Pugh

54

Osmunda regalis

Holcus lanatus

Betula nigra

B pe

Betula pendula

Ld

Larix decidua

Lk

Larix kaempferi

P sy

Pinus sylvestris

S auc

Sorbus aucuparia

B ni

River Birch

B pe

Silver Birch

Ld

European Larch

Lk

Japanese Larch

P sy

Scots Pine

S auc

Rowan

Arrhenatherum elatius

Eragrostis curvula

Alopecurus pratensis

Vinca minor

Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping

B ni

B pe

P sy

Market Square, BURNLEY

Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix

Trees: Name code denotes tree type.

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Ferns: Planted in middle of cross as single pot

Document Date:

22/04/2022 Document Phase:

PLANTING KEY Scale:

NOT TO SCALE

Notes: Fern: Planted in middle of cross as single pot.

Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2

Stellaria holostea Ornithogalum umbellatum Hyacinthoides non-scripta Galanthus nivalis

Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2

Eddie Pugh

55

Botanical Name

Common Name

Girth/Dia. cm Height cm

Root Zone

Specification

Unit Cost £

10

Betula nigra

River Birch

10-12

300-350

RB

2x; Selected Standard; clear stem minimum 200cm; 4 breaks

56.00

20

Betula pendula

Common Silver Birch

16-18

400-450

RB

3x; Large Feathered

75.00

10

Sorbus aucuparia

Rowan

14-16

400-450

RB

3x; Extra Heavy Standard; clear stem 175-200cm; 5 breaks

46.00

15

Larix decidua

Common Larch

400-450

RB

4x; leader with laterals

0.00

5

Larix kaempferi

Japanese Larch

400-450

RB

4x; leader with laterals

0.00

15

Pinus sylvestris

Scots Pine

450-500

RB

6x; leader with laterals; feathered to 0.00 base

Trees

Conifers

Hedging Mix 364

Alopecurus pratensis

Meadow Foxtail

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

364

Arrhenatherum elatius

False Oat Grass

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

364

Eragrostis curvula

Drooping Love Grass

1L

Full pot

2.65

364

Galanthus nivalis

Common Snowdrop

Grade 5/6

0.00

364

Hedera helix

Common Ivy

0.5L

Several shoots; 2 breaks

0.75

364

Holcus lanatus

Yorkshire Fog

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

364

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

English Bluebell

50cc min.

Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;

0.32

364

Ornithogalum umbellatum

Star-of-Bethlehem

Grade 5/6

0.00

364

Osmunda regalis

Royal Fern

0.5L

Full pot

2.00

Document Phase:

364

Stellaria holostea

Greater Stitchwort

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

364

Vinca minor

Lesser Periwinkle

0.5L

Several shoots; 2 breaks

0.85

PLANTING SCHEDULE

360

Alopecurus pratensis

Meadow Foxtail

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

360

Arrhenatherum elatius

False Oat Grass

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

125

Carex pendula

Pendulous Sedge

50cc min.

Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;

0.32

125

Dryopteris erythrosora

Japanese Rosy Buckler

0.5L

Full pot

2.00

360

Eragrostis curvula

Drooping Love Grass

1L

Full pot

2.65

125

Eriophorum angustifolium

Common Cotton Grass

50cc min.

Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;

0.32

360

Galanthus nivalis

Common Snowdrop

Grade 5/6

0.00

125

Glyceria fluitans

Floating Sweet Grass

50cc min.

Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;

0.32

360

Hedera helix

Common Ivy

0.5L

Several shoots; 2 breaks

0.75

360

Holcus lanatus

Yorkshire Fog

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

360

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

English Bluebell

50cc min.

Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;

0.32

360

Ornithogalum umbellatum

Star-of-Bethlehem

Grade 5/6

0.00

360

Osmunda regalis

Royal Fern

0.5L

Full pot

2.00

360

Stellaria holostea

Greater Stitchwort

0.3L

Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin

0.00

360

Vinca minor

Lesser Periwinkle

0.5L

Several shoots; 2 breaks

0.85

Mix

30-40

10-15D

30-40

10-15D

Market Square, BURNLEY

Quantity

MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY

Burnley Town Centre

Document Date:

22/04/2022

Scale:

N/A Notes:

Eddie Pugh

56

SECTION 3 Design Development

57