Le Bilingue - Jan-Feb 2024

Ecole Jeannine Manuel London's student newspaper

Ecole Jeannine Manuel London's student newspaper

VIE DE

Letter from the Editors

Dear readers, chers lecteurs,

Happy New Year (it’s not too late for us to say it!) How are your resolutions holding up? If the treadmill is starting to feel more like a clothes hanger and the promise to eat more greens is challenged by a sneaky craving for chocolate, fear not – you ' re not alone! Remember, it's the effort that counts, and there's always room for a little wiggle in those resolutions. Plus, you may or may not find an article to help you about it.

Et pourtant, bien que l’année 2024 soit devant nous, les prochains mois jusqu’aux vacances d’été passeront probablement plus vite que l’on ne l’aura anticipé Regardez-vous maintenant: les routines sont acquises et vous êtes devenus des élèves de votre niveau accomplis. Finis les doutes, interrogations et autres étourderies du mois de septembre: vous connaissez votre emploi du temps comme votre poche, vous avez assimilé ce calcul un peu compliqué en maths et c ’est maintenant plus facile de rédiger une analyse de texte littéraire.

You are turning into little geniuses, or, let’s say, growing into more educated, more socially aware and better-skilled individuals each day And, whenever you complete a task, learn a new fact or do your homework, you wittingly make a step in that direction. Isn’t it the greatest and most noble resolution of all?

Alors, restez forts et inébranlables comme les arbres de Bedford et Russell Square ont résisté vaillamment aux âpres tourments de l’hiver glacial du mois de janvier. Dans les moments de doute, après un échec, en latin, dans les instants de faiblesse, à la lecture d’un devoir ambitieux.

After the harsh cold has passed, the resilient flower burgeons and, before you realise it, it is spring again. Until then…

Happy winter season, L'équipe éditoriale de Le Bilingue

Le Bureau des Annonces

LES TERMINALES FONT LEURS CHOIX

Le lundi 29 janvier, les élèves de terminale devront officiellement émettre leurs souhaits via la plateforme ParcoursSup

Les années lycée touchent bientôt à leur fin et il faut désormais se tourner vers l’avenir. Université, classe préparatoire, école: autant de choix que de doutes.

On croise les doigts !

QUE LES DÉBATS REPRENNENT...

Le vendredi 26 janvier, les élèves sélectionnés débuteront la seconde phase de débats dans le cadre du concours annuel britannique School’s Mace Hormis la victoire, cette compétition est une opportunité de développer des mécanismes de raisonnement et de d’expression à l’oral.

SORTIE A STRAWBERRY HILL HOUSE

Les 6e auront l’occasion de découvrir la sublime architecture d’influence gothique de Strawberry Hill

Ils pourront également découvrir les jardins et prendre part à des activités pendant la journée.

JOYEUSE ANNÉE DU DRAGON !

Le 10 février prochain marque le changement du calendrier lunaire L’année du dragon, récurrente toutes les 12 ans, est synonyme d’abondance et courage. Pour cette occasion, les professeures de mandarin lanceront des festivités dans l’école Alors n ’oubliez pas de porter du rouge !

L ’ E C O L E J E A N N I N E

M A N U E L V O I T V E R T

Soucieuse de l’environnement, l’école a décidé de surveiller et réduire davantage son empreinte carbone et vient de lancer une nouvelle campagne de sensibilisation à la cause verte.

Entre autres choses, les élèves ont collé des étiquettes ludiques dans des lieux stratégiques du bâtiment pour encourager chacun à appliquer les bons gestes écologiques, petits mais grandement efficaces.

Alors soyez brillants et éteignez les lumières et, pour se moucher, une feuille c ’est assez.

S.W.

MADRID

ATRIPMUYENJOYABLE

La classe d’Espagnol de 3e a passé quelques jours à Madrid du 12 au 15 décembre, accompagnée de Mme Lopez, Mme Guillen, M Irvin et M Kurzeja Nous avons résidé dans le quartier de la Latina, qui est un quartier dans le centre de Madrid près de plein de magasins.

À notre arrivée, nous avons pris part à un tour guidé du quartier ‘Los Austrias’, puis nous avons conclu cette première journée avec un agréable dîner à l’hôtel

Le lendemain, nous sommes allés visiter un parc très connu de Madrid qui s ’appelle El Retiro et l'après-midi, nous avons participé à une grande chasse au trésor dans le Prado, ce qui revenait à explorer les 41 995m2 (ou tout comme !)

Après cette escapade, nous avons pu nous détendre lors d’un goûter dans l'une des chocolaterias les plus anciennes de Madrid C’était délicieux !

Le troisième jour était le jour le plus plein. Le matin, on a fait une seconde chasse au trésor pour mieux découvrir le Barrio de las Letras. Et puis nous avons déjeuné sur la Plaza de Santa Ana Notre après-midi était coupée en deux: d’abord une visite de El Musée Reina Sofia où l’on a pu admirer le célèbre Guernica de Picasso et puis une balade dans les marchés de Noël espagnols

Enfin, le dernier jour, nous avons découvert le Museo de America, accompagnés de guides espagnols. Puis c'était le moment du départ.

Le meilleur souvenir de ce séjour est le temps libre que l’on avait pour explorer certains endroits seuls Ces moments nous ont permis de découvrir la ville entre amis et de parler espagnol avec les madrilènes.

Un grand merci à nos professeurs qui nous ont organisé cet inoubliable voyage !

T R I P T O V I E N N A : E P I C A D V E N T U R E S !

The German class had the opportunity to travel to Vienna for a week and to visit this extraordinary city We travelled with the Secondes making it an amazing time to bond and see beautiful landmarks.

We stayed in a youth hostel next to the train station, Bahnhof in German We visited an area designed by the architect Hundertwasser We also explored many Christmas markets filled with delicious food !

We saw the Stefansdum: the cathedral of Vienna and the imperial court library which inspired Disney for their library in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast This place was extremely magical

We also visited museums such as the Belvedere Palace where we saw “The Kiss” , a famous painting by Klimt, but most importantly we had fun! We went to an attraction park for a break from all this Austrian culture where we went on many roller coaster rides, some terrifying and some even more terrifying

BY EVA J, 3E

staff uniform

Sometimes, the stars align and two - or more- members of staff turn up to work with the same outfit. And so it became a tradition to record such a blessed occurrence. They call it STAFF UNIFORM.

新年好

(Xīnnián hǎo)

Happy Ch

NEWYEAR,NEWYOU,NEWRESOLUTIONS!

Here'sourhottiptohelpyousticktoth'em.

by lea g., 4e

A new year means turning over a new leaf People choose to celebrate this event with parties, gatherings, fireworks, and overall joy. Creating a list of resolutions helps to start new, positive habits The Babylonians were the first recorded people to have set New Year pledges that were later known as New Year's resolutions around 4,000 thousand years ago.

My new year ' s resolution is to put more time into talking to my family who don't live in london. I would do this by asking them about how their weekend was on a call that we would have every day around 8:00 This is important to me because I'd like to know more about what's going on in their lives and to learn more about how life is in different countries. I've tried to do this in the past, but I never manage to stick to my goals and generally give up after a few weeks. - Zoe

Zoe has some good ideas but she is taking on too much too quickly. We would recommend that she could call her family on one set day of the week that is convenient to both parties. And if she really wanted to maintain an everyday relationship with them, she could send small text messages/emails that they could then talk about or respond to on the weekly calls that they would have She can also alternate between the different family members so that at the end of the month she would have at least one conversation with all of them. This would also benefit all her family as we are sure that they'd be happy to hear everything going on in her life.

If you are just like Zoe and struggling to stick to your resolutions, we have put together a few recommendations to help

Limit your resolutions: Even though you might want to make a long list, keep it short

A professor of psychology has found that if you pick just one resolution and focus all your energy into that idea, you are much more likely to accomplish that goal

Take the time to plan: Don't pick something at the last minute. Pick wisely and put extensive thought into your idea Maybe create a step-by-step plan, don't make it too precise/strict and limit yourself.

Start small: Don't take on too much too quickly. Adding too much can really uninspire you to take on this role/action

Be realistic: Set goals that are achievable to your lifestyle. Don't aim for impossible tasks and be honest with yourself

Track your progress: Take note of each small step that you manage to accomplish, this will keep you on track and motivated and will definitely encourage any sort of progress you ' ve made

HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY

EcritparLeahS,4e

On the 27th of January it is Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD). This is a day dedicated to the 6 million of Jews that were killed by Nazis during World War II.

Although the war started in 1939, it is in 1942 that at the Wannsee conference the systematic killing of Jews, called the Final Solution, was decided Hitler’s antisemitic and racist theories, conceptualised in his earlier pamphlet “Mein Kampf” were eventually and dramatically enforced The 27th of January 1945 is the day on which the camps Auschwitz-Birkenau were liberated from the Nazis by the Allies, in particular the Soviets

Prior to being sent off to concentration camps, Jews were placed into bound places named ghettos. The most renowned one would be the ghetto of Warsaw, the capital of Poland. 46,000 people were kept inside a 3.4km2 area, there were 9.2 individuals on average per room. They were then called into SS trains and brought to concentration camps, depending on the location of the ghetto Jews would be sent to different camps such as Treblinka and Auschwitz, in Poland and Vernet in France.

HMD is also the occasion to observe remembrance for the other genocides that follozed in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Darfur

It is an annual reminder so that History never repeats itself anywhere in the world

MARTIN LUTHER KING

ABOUT MARTIN LUTHER KING

BY EMMA T, 4E

Born on the 15th of January 1929, Martin Luther King Jr was an American baptist minister, activist and political philosopher, but most importantly, a visionary leader and advocate for equality.

Although having grown up in a comfortable middle-class family, King was still aware of prejudices from a young age. He has openly spoken about an experience, when he was 6 years old, when one of his white classmates announced that his parents no longer allowed him to play with King because he would now be attending a segregated school. This was an extremely memorable moment in both King’s life and political career.

Later on in his life, after having heard about an incident of the city’s public bus system on the 1st of December 1955, in which Rosa Parks, an African American woman had refused to give up her seat for a white man and as a consequence was arrested, he was chosen as the leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association to boycott the transit system. This moment launched his career as an activist for equality in which he led many peaceful protests (some of which he was arrested for) and gave many speeches, including the world-renowned “I have a dream” speech in August 1963

On the 29th of March 1968, King went to Memphis, Tennessee in support of black sanitation workers who were on strike for higher wages and better treatment. Tragically, King was fatally shot by James Earl Ray at 6:01 p m on the 4th of April, as he stood on the motel's second-floor balcony. His remains were transferred to a tomb on the site of the Martin Luther King Jr National History Park, where they remain to this day

Martin Luther King remains one of the most important figures in history who were advocating for equality as well as the leader of the black activist movement of the 1960s which would result in the peaceful end of segregation in the South He inspired the public and activists alike such as Malcom X, Nelson Mandela, author Maya Angelou, Barack Obama and countless others Martin Luther King Jr day is celebrated as a national holiday in the United States, on his birthday each year to commemorate his life, his work and the sacrifices he made for his country.

ZOOM ON...

‘I

HAVE A DREAM’ SPEECH BY MLK

BY LEAH S, 4E

The speech “I have a dream” was written by Martin Luther King, a civil rights activist and a Baptist minister. It was presented to over 250,000 civil rights supporters on the 28th of August 1963 during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom The speech starts with a reference to the Emancipation Proclamation stating that in 1863, 3.5 million African American slaves were freed yet a hundred years later there is still a dehumanisation and a segregation towards black people coming from white people.

The most famous part of this speech is the ‘I have a dream’ section. King repeats this several times throughout, saying that he dreams of a free and non-racist America. He dreams that “the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together” and “Mississippi…will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice” among many more. The phrase ‘I have a dream’ is an anaphora, the effect on this is that it emphasises the importance of the abolition of racism. The word 'dream' is something that is just out of reach, something that is not yet accessible but he still manages to convince everyone to believe in this ‘dream’. Moreover, this phrase appeals not only to black people but to anyone who faced persecution based on their skin colour, religion, ethnicity or beliefs. This is why the phrase ‘I have a dream’ has been remembered and passed on around the world since Martin Luther King delivered this speech.

King uses the pronoun ‘ we ’ repeatedly. It includes the black communities all over America whether they are here or not But he also includes everyone listening into his image of how America should be,and the actions that will be taken. Using the negations “ we cannot walk alone” and “ we cannot turn back” he makes a promise to the people He promises them that they will not go through this alone and they will all protect each other but they must continue to fight for their cause and will not give up King also says “ we must take the pledge”, here he is talking of the pledge that they will continue to march forwards until they have done what they have come to do A common theme that comes up is the theme of persistence and relentlessness. Martin Luther King is telling us in his speech that as one, as a nation they will fight and achieve their goal of nullifying racism in America. The one word, the inclusive pronoun ‘ we ’ is a promise to the audience that they will always stand together

This speech is still emblematic and iconic today (and resonates with the recent Black Lives Matter movement), even more so as the world that Martin Luther King imagined still doesn't exist and racial inequality is a major problem in our world.

GLITZ, GLAMOUR, AND GOLD!

HERE'S A QUICK RUNDOWN OF THE GOLDEN GLOBE WINNERS

BY LEA G, 4E

The 81st ceremony of the Golden Globe Awards took place on 8th January and officially kicked off the award season Learn more about the event and what it means for the selected few who win the prize.

SOME FACTS ABOUT THE GOLDEN GLOBES

The first Golden Globe award was handed out in 1944 for the best achievements in filmmaking throughout the year of 1943. After that, various ceremonies were held at the Beverly Hills Hotel and the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The show is “invites only" and one of the only shows that doesn't employ seat fillers. A group of 300 journalists are selected from around the world to decide who gets a Golden Globe.

NOTABLE NOMINATIONS AND WINS

For the best film in musical or comedy, the popular nominees were Air and The Holdovers but overall Poor things, starring Emma Stone, won. The movie, which is a feminist Frankenstein re-imagining, follows the journey of Bella Baxter, a girl brought back from the dead, to become a self-made woman. The film is is for 18+ and is rated 3.2/5 stars on IMDb

As for the best film in drama, the most anticipated category, Anatomy of a Fall, the French drama directed by Justin Triet and that won the Palme d’Or last May in Cannes, was nominated. It entered the very short list of French films selected in this category in the history of the Golden Globes (the third after Live for Life and The Artist) Although Triet left with two awards that evening, it is Oppenheimer that won Best Film. This movie is about J.Robert, the American physicist who designed the atomic bomb during World War II. It earned a rating of 8 4/10 and cost 100 million dollars to make

WHY IS WINNING AN AWARD IMPORTANT?

Although a Golden Globe does not come with any monetary gain, the honour and prestige it confers is just as appealing. It is an achievement where actors and filmmakers are recognised for their outstanding performances/creations and it is an open door to making new professional connections

The Golden Globes is an event that will probably be celebrated for many years Each year, over 9 million people watch and comment on the show. And the show is usually a good indicator of the much-awaited Oscar nominations, which are announced a few weeks after

LEAPYEARALERT! WHAT'STHEDEALWITHFEBRUARY29TH ANYWAY?

by Matilde, 4e

WHY DO WE ADD A DAY EVERY 4 YEARS ?

The intercalary day that usually occurs every four years is called the leap day It is created by adding an extra day to February. This day is added to the calendar in leap years as a corrective measure because the Earth does not orbit the Sun in precisely 365 days, but actually 365 242190 days

WHY IS FEBRUARY THE SHORTEST MONTH?

The year needed to have two added months to it to make it the full 12. Romans believed that even numbers were unlucky So, in order to make the year 365 days, they had to make one month shorter than the rest. February was the one month that got the least amount of days to make the year 365 days

WHEN DID WE DECIDE TO ADD AN EXTRA DAY TO THE YEAR?

In 45 B.C. a decree by Julius Caesar began the practice of adding an extra day every four years That is when the creation of the Julian calendar appeared By 1582 A D that slight discrepancy in the Julian calendar added up to 10 days. So Pope Gregory XIII created the Gregorian calendar, and called the term “leap year ” He established February 29 as the official date to add to a leap year.

HOW OLD AM I IF I AM BORN IN A LEAP YEAR?

Being born in a leap year or even being born on leap day does not affect your age in any way. It will affect the day you celebrate your birthday if you are born on leap day. Each leap year you will celebrate your birthday on February 29. On non leap years you will celebrate either February 28 or March 1

CELEBRITIES BORN ON THE 29TH OF FEBRUARY

:

Tyrese Haliburton (basketball player)

Ferran torres (football player)

Joss ackland (actor)

Jessica long (swimmer)

Gioachino Rossi (composer)

Ken Foree (actor)

Happy birthday to those who can officially celebrate on the proper day his year!

WE GOT YOU:

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE CHINESE NEW YEAR

Zoe A and Pia DM, 4e

This year, Chinese New Year is on Saturday 10th of February and will be the Year of the Dragon It is mostly celebrated in China, South Korea, Vietnam and countries with a large Chinese community The day of the new year changes every year as it is based on the lunar calendar and takes place the second new moon after winter solstice. The festival is linked to many legends and traditions. We have put together a summary of a few of them.

Chinese New year goes back to about 3,500 years ago Certain people believe that it originates from the Shang Dynasty, when the Chinese had a sacrificial ceremony, in honour of the dead and gods.

The Chinese new year is based on numerous stories and myths. One of the most popular legends is about the mythical beast Nian Nian was a monster who would attack the villages and eat the citizens The villagers discussed how to force Nian to leave them in peace and discovered that he was afraid of the colour red. People started to hang up red lanterns and spring scrolls, starting the tradition.

In order to learn more about Chinese New Year we decided to investigate and who knows better than our Mandarin teacher?

Why is celebrating the Lunar New Year important to you?

“I get to spend time with my family and it reminds me of my ancestors.”

Why is red the colour of Chinese new year?

“Red shows positivity and energy. It scares away the bad. Furthermore it is the national colour”

What is your favourite tradition?

“Fire crackers because it gives a chance for the older and younger to have fun together regardless of their age. ”

What is a special tradition you have in your family, Mrs Zhang?

“My whole family stays up very late and wakes up early At midnight we put the lights on and make good wishes for the new year. ”

So on 10th of February don't forget to wear clothing of the colour red and put up fireworks We wish a happy Lunar New Year to our Mandarin teachers, the people who celebrate it and our dear readers.

Funfactsabout ChineseNewYear

This year as we all know it is the year of the dragon, many of us in 6e have been born in this year This year, the Chinese new year is Saturday the 10th of February 2024.

To celebrate this, the Chinese give their friends and family a red envelope with a bit of money as a sign of gratitude and they also share big meals.

Here are some fun facts about Chinese New Year:

Les grandes dates à retenir

CARNAVALS EMBLEMATIQUES À DECOUVRIR

Écrit par Matilde B, 4e

1Qui dit février, dit carnaval. D’origine une fête chrétienne, le carnaval s ’est métamorphosé au fil des siècles en un événement social et culturel. La ville s ’anime aux couleurs et aux traditions de ses célébrations. Nous avons sélectionné quatre carnavals aussi emblématiques que variés

LE CARNAVAL DE NOTTING HILL

Le Carnaval de Notting Hill est l’un des plus gros rassemblements de rue en Europe Il donne l’occasion de faire la fête en plein air et au son des musiques antillaises comme le calypso, la samba, le reggae, le ragga ou la soca, un mélange de soul et de calypso provenant de Trinidad. De nombreuses parades défilent sur un parcours de près de 5 km, faisant le tour du quartier de Notting Hill, avant de terminer devant un jury, qui note les groupes pour réaliser un classement.

A l’origine, Rhaune Laslett s'inquiétait des tensions entre les différents groupes ethniques du quartier depuis les violentes émeutes raciales des années 1950

LE CARNAVAL DE NICE

Le Carnaval de Nice est l'un des événements carnavalesques majeurs au monde Il a lieu chaque année en février et parfois début mars (selon la date mobile du Carnaval dans le calendrier chrétien) à Nice sur la Côte d'Azur

Il est né au XVIIème siècle, par les bals et les défilés de rue qui mettent en scène métiers, quartiers, associations et autres clubs, en costume d’époque ou de circonstance. Le patois dunkerquois renaît durant ces deux mois.

Elle décide donc de créer un événement festif qui permet de rassembler les différentes communautés et d'améliorer leurs relations Elle le fait au son des percussions et des rythmes

Les autorités policières avaient une vision très négative de l'événement et ont essayé d'interdire le carnaval Dans les années 1970 et au début des années 1980, le carnaval était un lieu d'affrontement entre la police et les jeunes immigrés. Depuis, cela a changé, et les autorités britanniques revendiquent plus volontiers le carnaval comme un événement fédérateur entre les différentes communautés de la capitale

Les patrons organisent les festivités à ceux qui partaient pour six mois de campagne au large du Canada, pêcher le hareng Tous ne revenaient pas. Mais leur mémoire reste, avec les chansons chantées, les grosse caisses et trompettes

A la fin de la saison du carnaval, le roi est brûlé sur la mer méditerranéenne afin de conjurer le mauvais sort et de marquer la fin de l’hiver, de son froid et sa grisaille.

Les grandes dates à retenir

LE CARNAVAL DE RIO

Voici le plus célèbre carnaval du monde Chars, danseuses, troupes, costumes, musiques, ambiance offrent un spectacle exceptionnel. Les plus belles écoles de samba défilent. Le Carnaval de Rio de Janeiro est un festival organisé chaque année Il est considéré comme le plus grand carnaval du monde Le premier carnaval de Rio a eu lieu en 1723

Les origines de la célébration du Carnaval de Rio remontent aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles Le carnaval a été introduit au Brésil par les colonisateurs portugais Il se manifestait initialement à travers l'« Entrudo », une fête populaire où jeux publics et moqueries légères se

LE CARNAVAL DE VENISE

Le Carnaval de Venise est un festival annuel organisé en Italie Il est très célèbre dans le monde entier pour ses costumes et masques distinctifs de l’influence de la commedia dell’arte. Le carnaval se termine avec le mardi gras qui est la veille du début du Carême, le mercredi des Cendres.

Le Carnaval trouve ses origines au Moyen Âge et a existé pendant plusieurs siècles jusqu'à son abolition en 1797 La tradition a été relancée en 1979 et l'événement d'aujourd'hui attire environ 3 millions de visiteurs par an.

Selon la légende, le Carnaval de Venise a commencé après la victoire militaire de la République de Venise en 1162

déchaînaient dans les rues Au fil du temps, la fête a connu d'autres façons de se manifester, comme par exemple l'utilisation de masques et de costumes. Les costumes symbolisent les thèmes politiques et culturels de l'époque

En 1840, la toute première mascarade de Rio eut lieu, et la polka et la valse occupèrent la scène Plus tard, au début du XXe siècle, les rythmes Samba et Batucada, associés au carnaval de Rio, ont été introduits par les afro-brésiliens Durant cette période, le Carnaval s’impose comme la plus grande fête populaire du Brésil

En l'honneur de cette victoire, les gens ont commencé à danser et à se rassembler sur la place Saint-Marc Cette fête a commencé à cette époque et est devenue officielle à la Renaissance.

Cependant, sous le règne de l'empereur romain germanique, puis l'empereur d'Autriche, François II, le festival fut entièrement interdit en 1797 et l'utilisation de masques devint strictement interdite. Il réapparaît progressivement au XIXe siècle, mais seulement pour de courtes périodes et surtout lors de fêtes privées

Valentine’s Day

DON'T BE FOOLED, IT'S NOT A SAPPY LOVE STORY

by Emma T, 4e

Valentine’s Day falls on the 14th of February every year and is celebrated around the world for couples to express their affection in different manners, such as gift giving, going on holiday or simply spending quality time with each other However, Valentine’s Day wasn’t always just about love, but to celebrate the infamous martyred saint, St Valentine. Even so, the origins of St Valentine's Day are still unclear due to the number of legends surrounding the holiday

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, at least three different Saint Valentines have existed, all of them martyrs, mentioned under the date of the 14th of February, albeit during different years.

The first and most famous saint, Saint Valentine of Rome, was murdered on the 14th of February 269 AD. According to this story, Saint Valentine of Rome was a priest who was killed during the persecution of Christians by the emperor Claudius II Gothicus He was killed because he helped couples secretly get married without approval of the church. The emperor had Valentine thrown into prison and sentenced to death While Valentine was awaiting execution, he fell in love with the daughter of the jailer, a blind, poor girl

According to another popular tale, St Valentine’s Day originated from an ancient Roman festival, Lupercalia, also known as Lupercal, and later renamed Februatus (the basis of the month name February) celebrated from the 13th of February to the 15th of February where Roman men and woman drank wine and celebrated fertility

The first recorded association of romance with Valentine’s day was in Parliament of Fowls (1382) by Geoffrey Chaucer, honouring King Richard II of England and Anne of Bohemia’s first anniversary of engagement. In this text he writes:

For this was on Saint Valentine’s Day When every bird comes to choose his match (translated to modern English)

Although the origins of Valentine’s day remain unclear, the holiday is a long lasting tradition that has evolved over the centuries from its roots to becoming a global celebration of love and affection.

MOVIES TO WATCH ON VALENTINE'S DAY

BY CHARLOTTE G AND EVA J, 3E

SHE’STHEMAN(2006)

Genre: comedy, Shakespeare inspired teen movie

Sysnopsis: Viola goes to her brother's prestigious boarding school in disguise when he decides to take a few weeks off There, she falls in love with the star football player and quickly discovers that she's not the only one dealing with romantic difficulties

BLENDED(2014)

Genre: romantic comedy

Synopsis: Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore play a pair of single parents who went on a blind date and decided not to see each other again. They are surprised when they discover that they end up at the same safari resort in Africa with their children and have to stay together.

TITANIC(1997)

Genre: drama, romance

Synopsis: A young aristocrat girl falls in love with a poor artist boy both aboard the grand titanic ship headed to New York but they will get to the city that never sleeps or will their love sink with the ship?

HOWTOLOSEAGUYIN10DAYS(2003)

Genre: romantic comedy

Synopsis: Andie Anderson is played by Kate Hudson, a journalist who decides to push her boundaries in her latest article about how to lose a guy in 10 days After receiving positive feedback from her editor Lana (Bebe Neuwirth), Andie sets out to find a suitable male for the experiment. Ben Berry (Matthew McConaughey), a man so confident in his ability to win women over that he believes he can do it in ten days. Ben and Andie's plans go south when they meet.

THEHALFOFIT(2020)

Genre: coming-of-age, comedy-drama

Synopsis: A shy straight A’s girl, Leah, helps the typical American school jock woo a girl called Alexis. Leah very quickly falls in love with her and starts to do it not just to help him but will she eventually share her feelings or keep her identity hidden?

JUSTGOWITHIT(2011)

Genre: comedy

Synopsis: During a weekend getaway to Hawaii, a plastic surgeon deceives his devoted assistant into pretending to be his soon-to-be ex-wife, covering up a thoughtless falsehood he told his much younger fiancée

MEBEFOREYOU(2016)

Genre: romance, drama

Synopsis: Louisa Clark is a smart, humorous, and imaginative 26-year-old who lacks motivation and neglects herself When she starts working as a paralysed man ' s carer, her life completely changes. She eventually discovers how to use her talents and go above and beyond her comfort zone, finding not only peace with herself but love

NOTTINGHILL(1999)

Genre: romantic comedy

Synopsis: William Thacker, a London bookshop owner, life is disrupted by a romantic dilemma when he meets Anna Scott An unexpected meeting over spilt orange juice results in a kiss that develops into a passionate relationship. As the average Londoner and glamorous movie star begin to grow closer together, they struggle to find peace in their different lifestyles

INTERNET, CE POLLUEUR INSOUPÇONNÉ !

Si Internet était un pays, il serait le 6ème plus gros consommateur d'énergie! En effet, tout ce qui passe par Internet génère une empreinte carbone, une consommation d’électricité et produit des émissions de CO2

Il est donc légitime de s’interroger sur les conséquences de notre utilisation d’Internet. Elle est devenue quotidienne et indispensable et continue de croître au fil des ans Entre l’ordinateur, la tablette et le téléphone, le compteur de notre empreinte peut facilement passer au rouge.

l est donc essentiel d’avoir conscience de la quantité d’énergie que nous produisons tous les jours avec le bout de nos doigts.Par exemple, un mail de

Par exemple, d’après l’ International Air Transport Association, un mail produit en moyenne 4 grammes de CO2 ou envoyer une photo de 1 Mo à dix personnes équivaut à 500 mètres parcourues en voiture Un ordinateur laissé en veille consomme 35 W par heure.

Alors, on peut se dire qu ’ un e-mail a un impact environnemental dérisoire, mais lorsque l’on sait qu ’environ 34 millions de mails sont envoyés toutes les heures et que s ’ajoutent à cela jusqu'à 60 milliards de spams envoyés chaque jour, les conséquences deviennent importantes. Cela correspondrait à l'équivalent de 14 tonnes de pétrole.

Pour sauver la planète, allégez vos appareils de vos vieilles photos, supprimez les messages non nécessaires (et videz la corbeille), et essayez de vous abstenir d’envoyer plus de dix mails par jour.

Rappelez-vous que 100 emails polluent autant que 125 ampoules

Les petits gestes, ça compte!

THE PERFECT STUDENT DOESN’T EXI-... OH WAIT.

On Wednesday 24th of January, it is International Day of Education. Proclaimed by the United Nations, it celebrates the place of education for peace and development. For this occasion, we decided to reflect on the role of a student in school

So what makes a good student, exactly? Is there really one type or is it more of a combination of many attributes

Being the thorough and precise investigators that we are, we thought it best to ask our teachers to describe the good student. Heads up: it may come as a surprise but not a single one of them answered that the perfect student is one who gets straight As in every subject and effortlessly knows everything about everything It is far more subtle, and yet clear, a great many things and yet very precise, and, the best part, it is simple and achievable.

So read on if you wish to know the characteristics that your teachers have chosen and find out if and how you you (can) match the description.

curiosity and resilience

When you think about a good student, you probably picture Hermione Granger Straight As, focused, driven, and constantly engaging However, your teachers’ expectations are quite different in real life What we deem as a good student is a pupil who comes to class with a positive mindset, who puts in the work and makes an effort even when it’s tough, and who loyally fights with the difficulties and challenges they face on their journey towards learning and who manages to have fun while doing so!

engagement and motivation

C'est l'élève qui a des étoiles dans les yeux lors des échanges professeurs-élèves (cours, interactions, découverte de nouvelles notions, ou encore lorsqu'un verrou tombe et l'élève se met à comprendre etc )

growth mindset

Someone that really thinks about the questions that they ask and understands how to use the answers to further their understanding There's nothing worse than being asked a question that has been given no thought or doesn't benefit anybody in any way

autonomy and collaboration

Il s 'agit d'un élève engagé et motivé, par exemple à travers sa participation active en classe, doté d'une curiosité intellectuelle Il doit être capable de travailler aussi bien en autonomie qu ' en groupe Un bon élève respecte les règles de la classe et les consignes, prend la responsabilité de ses actions (par exemple, en accomplissant ses devoirs), communique de manière efficace, fait preuve d'empathie envers ses pairs et persévère dans ses efforts

T h e S t o r y o f t h e S e v e n S i s t e r s

o r t h e s t a r t o f B r i t a i n

unsung legends of the world

by Lily B., 5e

Every edition, in this column, we will introduce you to a lost myth of the world. Sure, you ’ ve heard many Greek, Roman and Viking myths, but what about Aztec, Egyptian, and Anglo-Saxon legends? Well, these articles will be your toolbox to understanding these buried legends Without further ado, learn about a legend of Britiain...

At the beginning, Britain was an inhospitable, giant ruled, cold, rainy wasteland. No humans lived there: it was the stuff of horrors. However, it is not Britain I wish to speak of yet, but Syria, a land of clear blue skies, oranges and turquoise seas.

Seven sisters lived there, all married to men they wished they were not. The eldest of them all, Albina, came up with a plan to save them from the misery of spending their lives with men they hated She met her sisters under a sunshaded tree in a fragrant courtyard, and told them her plan.

“My sisters!” She said “I present to you a plan to break free from this cage we live in! Tonight, we will kill our husbands!”

Her sisters murmured, but where pleased with this plan. That is, apart from the youngest of them That night, over dinner, she told her husband what her sisters were plotting to do and he banished them to the dreary island in the north that I told you about earlier. The remaining sisters grew weak on their journey, and agreed that the first to step foot on the land they were exiled to, would be their ruler and would name the land. As soon as the ship docked, Albina threw herself to the ground and named the land Albion They married giants, and were, according to legend, the first humans in Britain.

ARE YOU AN INTROVERT OR AN EXTROVERT ?

by Leila M, 5e

Q.1: after school will you be found…

A In your room, reading or painting

B At your sports club, celebrating a win with your teammates

C Going out with your best friends

Q.2: you find meeting and talking to new people…

A. Uncomfortable

B Interesting

C Exciting

Q.3: when you have a new idea you…

A Second guess yourself and only share if somebody else has

B Share, but are easily swayed by others if they disagree

C Love sharing it and confident that everyone will agree

Q.4: on a Saturday night you can be found…

A. At home having a movie marathon

B Having a big sleepover with your close friends

C. Out at a party with lots of new people to meet

Q.5: you ’ re at a karaoke place and it's your turn to sing, what do you do?

A Quickly mumble an excuse and go to the bathroom or to get a drink

B Flat out refuse unless your friends can do it with you

C You’ve sung most of the songs already, why not stop now?

If you got mostly A, you are an introvert!

Meeting new people doesn’t really appeal to you and you actually recharge your batteries being alone with your books, music and close friends

In honour of World Introvert Day (2nd January), and as it can sometimes be a bit difficult to figure out, we have decided to make a quiz to help you find out if you are an introvert or extrovert

Q.6: in P.E. class, the teams are being picked by selected captains, are you picked first or last?

A I’m the absolute last person to be picked and say that I have a stomach ache so that I don't have to play

B I’m picked as one of the first people by my friends and we are all on the same team

C. I'm the person picking the teams and I choose all the people that I want to become friends with

Q.7: you have plans with your friends one night but they are abruptly cancelled at the last minute, how do you feel?

A You are quite happy because now you have time to watch your favourite tv series

B. Sad but also a bit relieved because you need alone time once in a while

C. You were already all dressed up and ready to go so you binge eat ice cream, call one of your other friends and cry yourself to sleep

Q.8: your preferred way to make new friends is…

A. have my close childhood friend and I don't need anyone else

B Whoever is in my class or is friendly towards me

C. I can literally make friends anywhere: social media, parties, school, even the supermarket!

If you got mostly B, you are an ambivert!

This is interesting because there are some situations where all you want to do is go home and burrow up in your room, but other times when you feel like going out and having a good time

If you got mostly C, you are an extrovert !

You enjoy meeting new people and being the centre of attention. But this isn't to mean that you don't enjoy your time alone, extroverts tend to love dancing in their room to blasting music and going on a big facetime call with all their friends

10 things to do instead of scrollimg on Tik Tok

Tik Tok can be funny, and very effective distraction, but it can become addictive too. You think you will watch only a few videos and end up spending 45 minutes because you fell down the rabbit hole of the latest trend In order to prevent this, we put together a suggestion of various activities for you to try.

01

02

Start a new hobby or sport like, football, tennis ,crochet, painting, making jewellery, drawing, yoga, baking etc…

Or anything else. Because you never know when you won’t have Wi-Fi.

Go thrift shopping

You might find some treasures!

Make a vision board

03 04

It’s basically a board with all the things you want to achieve with pictures BE POSITIVE!

Make lists such as wish list, playlist, bucket list, movie list, New Year's resolution list

Lists are fun and you can’t beat the satisfying feeling of going through a long one Seriously, try it

Have a room makeover so that your bedroom matches your personality

With all the time you spend in it, you owe it to yourself to decorate it to your liking.

Try new hairstyles

There are so many creative ones to try Be like Rapunzel

Go biking with rented bikes in parks (Lime, Human Forest, Santander)

Seriously, go touch some grass.

Prepare a picnic for you and your friends or just hang out with your friends

We know you will have fun.

If you have braces make a list of all the colours you want to try

Having braces is not always fun but you can make it funky

Customise old shoes or clothes to upcycle them

Instead of throwing them away, you can make them stylish And it’s good for the environment

REVISEZVOTRE LEXIQUEDUSKI

Leila M, 5e

Evitons les slaloms inutiles (à garder pour les pistes) et allons droit au but: tout le monde sait que les vacances d’hiver approchent Et qui dit hiver, dit vacances au ski Certains d’entre vous partirez peut-être en France, Suisse ou encore Autriche aux prochaines vacances et ont déjà choisi de quelle couleur sera leur combinaison Mais avant le grand départ, il est important de rafraîchir ou d’étendre son vocabulaire technique des niveaux

Alors avant de dégainer fièrement votre niveau et de comparer avec les autres, assurez-vous que vous connaissez tous leurs noms, à employer sans modération: “tu slalomes comme un piou piou”, “les flocons ont pris d’assaut la terrasse du restaurant” ou encore “ un 2ème étoile ne dirait jamais ça. ”

Voici donc la liste des niveaux et les compétences qui y sont associées:

Piou Piou - Découvrir la neige et se déplacer seul

Blanchot - Glisser face à une pente faible

Sifflote - Faire la position du chasse-neige pour contrôler sa vitesse

Ourson - Maîtriser sa vitesse, glisser avec les skis parallèles et s 'arrêter en faisant un virage en chasse neige

Flocon - Savoir freiner et s 'arrêter, glisser avec les skis parallèles sur une ligne droite, découvrir les dérapages et les petits bosses et enchainer 7 à 8 virages en chasse neige

1ere étoile - Effectuer des virages en dérapant , prendre en compte son environnement (autres skiers, relief, etc ) et skier de plus en plus avec des skis parallèles

2eme étoile - Découvrir des terrains inédits (bosses, creux, etc ), perfecter ses dérapages et ses virages et maîtriser le pas patineur

3eme étoile - Réaliser des virages serrés avec des skis parallèles, prendre de la vitesse et freiner par un dérapage et réaliser des festons

Etoile de bronze - Être à l’aise sur tous les terrains et réaliser des virages en godilles

Etoile d’argent - Réaliser des premières performances chronométrées et des premières figures en saut

Etoile d’or - Être à l’aise sur les terrains exigeants (peintes raides, piste de slalom ou de freestyle, etc )

LE FESTIVAL D’ANGOULÊME: NOTRE SELECTION

Le Festival International de la Bande

Dessinée se déroulera du 25 au 28 janvier

2024 à Angoulême pour la 51e édition À l’issue de ces trois jours d’expositions, de débats, de rencontres et de séances de dédicace, un auteur/scénariste de BD sera récompensé par le Grand Prix de la ville d’Angoulême pour son œuvre

ecrit par louise d, 6e

Notre avis : On a adoré cette BD qui parle de quatre jeunes filles, élues Boudins de leur collège/lycée, et qui apprennent qu ’ une garden-party va se tenir à l’Élysée. Elles ont chacune leurs raisons de s ’ y rendre. Et pourquoi pas à vélo ? Même si cette BD parle d’un sujet tout de même sérieux, elle est pleine d’humour, et je n ’ai pas arrêté de rire durant ma lecture

Nos notes

Le scénario

Le scénario est bon et aborde le sujet du cyber-harcèlement sans que cela devienne trop lourd. Et la façon dont Mireille, Astrid et Hakima répondent aux insultes en faisant cette incroyable traversée de la France, est une super idée.

Ecriture

L'auteur a réussi le pari de créer une BD pleine d’humour, avec des personnages attachants et une drôle d’intrigue En revanche, parfois, certains dialogues sont plutôt stériles

L’intrigue

On a bien aimé l’intrigue, car elle était vraiment surprenante, la fin est plutôt bien, et l’idée des boudins était juste géniale.

Illustration

Ayant déjà lu l’adaptation BD de Pome (le deuxième tome de la série ‘’Verte’’, par Marie Desplechin) de Magali le Huche, on savait donc déjà à quoi s ’attendre. Mais on continue d'adorer ses dessins, très précis, où chaque petit détail est représenté Pourtant, cette fois-ci on a été tout de même été moins transporté que d’habitude.

Les Petites reines, Magali Le Huche

Les Agitateurs (tome 2), Hugo Piette et Mac de Radiguès

Le topo: C’est l’histoire d’une bande de quatre copains, Sarah, Eddie, et Noé Dans le premier tome, ils organisaient une manifestation pour la planète, et ici, ils combattent le racisme d’une professeure, Mme Waffleman Ils rencontrent une troisième fille, ce qui crée encore plus de désordre dans le groupe.

Nos notes

Le scénario

Les personnages sont très bien construits, j’ai vraiment pu m’identifier très facilement à eux. Les manifestations pour le climat, tous les thèmes actuels de la société y sont vraiment bien représentés.

Ecriture

Même si l’écriture d’une BD n ’ aura jamais le niveau d’un livre, celle-ci est très simple à comprendre.

Illustration

On a adoré les dessins, les couleurs, tout. La couverture est géniale (celle du tome 1 aussi), et c ’est vraiment agréable, joli à lire

Red Flower, tome 1: Le jeune coq et le soleil, de Loui

Le topo: C’est un jeune guerrier nommé Kéli dans un clan en Afrique. Il doit apprendre à gérer sa puissance, apprendre la patience pour mieux maîtriser le Katafali, l’art martial ancestral

Nos notes

Le scénario

Le scénario d’un jeune garçon dynamique qui doit apprendre la patience est intéressant En revanche, un bémol est la place des jeunes filles et des femmes dans ce livre: la majorité d’entre elles ne s’intéressent qu’à avoir des enfants pour perpétuer la tribu, une seule se distingue dans la garde

du roi, mais elle se fait battre par un homme trop facilement. Toutes sont douces et attentionnées et aucune ne porte d’intérêt pour les arts guerriers L’amie de Kéli, elle, ne fait que l’exhorter à calmer ses ardeurs, et passe pour la froussarde de service. Bref, le scénario un peu sexiste, bien que cela ne soit pas intentionnel, il véhicule des stéréotypes de genre dont il serait temps de se passer.

Ecriture

La BD s ’aligne aux codes du manga mais ne surprend pas réellement Mais cela reste plutôt sympa

Illustration

En général, les illustrations de manga ont vraiment besoin d’être exceptionnelles, car c ’est la première chose que l’on voit en en ouvrant un. Ici, je n ’ai pas été déçue. Même si les dessins étaient assez communs par rapport à d’autres mangas que j’ai déjà lu, dans celui-ci, la jungle était très bien représentée, et j’ai aimé le style tout en rondeurs du mangaka.

EPIC TRAINS YOU SHOULD

LEARN MORE ABOUT

Experiment with combining different pieces of simple clothing to create interesting and unique outfits For example, pair a basic white T-shirt with jeans and add a colorful cardigan or blazer on top. Mixing different textures, colors, and patterns can add visual interest to your look.

theEurostar

Even though this train may seem pretty ordinary, it is actually a miracle of modern engineering, connecting Britain to the rest of Europe, using underwater tunnels These tunnels were made using Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs), and, in fact, two of the British TBMs are still under the channel. The French and British dug their tunnels at the same time, and, after six years, on the 1st of December 1990, they met in the centre! Also, it is better for the environment: indeed, taking the plane to Paris produces as much carbon footprint would be like hopping on 14 Eurostars

the Andean Explorer

This magnificent locomotive starts its journey in a city once considered the centre of the world, Cusco, next to Machu Picchu and ends in Puno, the capital of Peru’s folklore. In southwest Bolivia lies the world’s largest salt plain (Salar de Uyuni), also known as the railway graveyard, because many trains have been abandoned there These trains have to carry oxygen because of high altitude sickness. But don’t worry- the beautiful sights will take your mind off it

theGhan

Starting in Darwin and ending in Adelaide, covering a distance of 2,979 km in only three days, this is an incredible train in Australia The tracks were laid using camels that were imported from the Middle East to help engineers navigate the Outback. The railway had to deal with heat, floods and termites eating the tracks This meant delays were common: the train was once three months late! However, rest assured, this doesn’t happen anymore.

DRAW IT RIGHT !

the koala

by Emilie A 6e

You enjoy drawing? You don’t draw as well as you wish you could? Look no more: follow our easy step-by-step tutorial and learn new techniques and designs. In this edition, find

You have learnt how to draw a koala. Have fun with that special superpower. You are just one pencil away from building a whole army of cuddly koalas.

WEIRD, WEIRDER, WEIRDEST

IN THIS WORLD OF STRESS AND FEARFUL NEWS SOMETIMES WE NEED SOME LIGHTHEARTED AND FUN FACTS TO DISTRACT OURSELVES. HERE IS OUR SELECTION OF WEIRD, WEIRDER AND WEIRDEST NEWS FOR THIS EDITION:

weirdest

THE EIFFEL TOWER GETS TALLER IN THE SUMMER

The Eiffel tower is a landmark in the capital of France, paris This building is famous for many reasons: its flickering lights, its long flight of stairs or maybe being the tallest building in the world during the 19th century but behind this landmark there are some weird tweeks the public doesn't realise My personal favourite weird fact is that during the summer due to the heat of the sun the tower can grow up to 15 centimetres. The scientific explanation of this is that when the iron heats up the tower grows due to thermal expansion which is when an object expands and becomes larger due to change in temperature

weird weirder

STRANGE HOLE PHOTOGRAPHED IN THE CLOUDS OVER PARIS

Do you sleep with your mouth opened? Do you really feel if anything crawls into your mouth at night? Well, I can tell you from studies that in an average lifetime, people eat around 70 assorted insects while sleeping and about 10 spiders. Don’t panic! as many of the insects are harmless and by the time you wake up you won’t realise you just swallowed something But who knows if it is the only weird thing happening in the shadows of the night…

WHAT ARE YOU ACTUALLY SWALLOWING WHEN YOU'RE ASLEEP?

This circular gap was several kilometres in size and appeared in October in the news These holes are called Skypunch holes. They form in specific clouds composed of supercooled water droplets which is water below 0°C but not yet frozen When these water droplets freeze they grow and become much heavier until they eventually fall, leaving a hole behind. As droplets nearby start to freeze the hole will expand, explaining the gap being kilometres wide On a less educational note, many people believed aliens had just arrived in Paris and parted the clouds on their way to the romantic city. Who knows, maybe they're lurking around Paris looking at the Eiffel Tower and having coffee and pastries at a cafe…

Photo: Pr2is / Shutterstock

by Yasmine B., 5e

Demon Slayer by Koyoharu Gotouge

Demon Slayer is an anime/manga about a boy named Tanjiro Kamado who wants to cure his demon sister, Nezuko, after a tragic accident that caused the death of his entire family.

The story takes place in the Taishō era Japan, where a secret organisation, known as the Demon Slayer Corps, has waged a longtime war against demons for centuries. These demons are former humans who possess supernatural abilities such as super strength, rapid regeneration, and unique powers referred to as "Blood Demon Art" Demons can only be killed if they are decapitated with weapons crafted from a rare alloy called Nichirin, injected with a poison extracted from wisteria flowers, or exposed to direct sunlight.

Demon Slayer is great for many reasons: the artwork the animations are so smooth and the storyline for each character is touching, and some even made me cry The characters are very likeable, each in their own special way. It is action-centred and filled with character development, so much that when you pick it up, good luck putting it down!

The manga series can be found in most libraries and bookshops.

Reading age: 14+

R E V I E W

The Japanese anime series have been adapted on screen

FOOTBALL

THE WINTER HIATUS IS OVER AND WE CAN RESUME WATCHING OUR FAVOURITE TEAMS. CONTINUING ON WITH OUR SERIES ON FOOTBALL LEAGUES, IN THIS EDITION WE WILL COVER THE ITALIAN SERIE A AND FRANCE’S LIGUE 1

SERIE A

The Serie A is a very strong league for the best Italian teams. The Serie A teams were very strong in the past and have had many good players and, even now, they have young talents like Miretti from Juventus, Scalvini from Atalanta Bastoni and many more Serie A History goes all the way back to 1929 -1930, where back it was named Lega Calcio and had 18 clubs only. Notably, there are 36 French players in the league.

Recomended tennis magazine 2022

Serie A has many famous rivalries: Inter Milan/Milan AC, Inter Milan/Juventus, Lazio/Roma, Fiorentina/Juventus and so many more

GENERAL THOUGHTS

These standings are very interesting for 3 reasons.

1 The newly promoted side Frosinone are doing really well and play really good football. We saw a few of their matches and they were good.

2. Napoli have been really struggling so far. On top of which, Osimhen is injured, Kvaratskhelia is much less of a threat to other teams and Rudy Garcia, the new coach, does not have good formations

New Chapter

Best Sport magazine in 2022

3 Now, this big italian club Lazio rank 6th They got off the wrong foot at first, and the reason might have been not playing the Champions League in a long time and being a bit rusty. However, they have shown encouraging improvements recently

Now, the top scorer in Serie A is Lautaro Martinez, from Inter Milan, with 18 goals so far, 8 goals higher than the second highest goal scorer, French international player Olivier Giroud, from Milan AC.

Our magazine is very popular among children and even teenagers as well as parents, because our magazine always presents something different

LA LIGUE 1

Ligue 1 was founded in 11 september 1932. Back then, it was named Division 1 and had only 17 clubs.

Ligue 1 has never really stood out amidst the other top European leagues, and it still, now, does not hold much strength apart from PSG and to some capacity Marseille which have young talents like Jonathan Klaus (l’OM is the only French club to have ever won the Champions League).

Ligue 1 has a lot of historical rivalries such as Olympique Marseillais vs PSG (the Classic), Lille vs RC Lens, Olympique Lyonnais vs FC Saint-Etienne, Nantes vs Rennes, Nice vs Monaco.

GENERAL THOUGHTS

The Ligue 1 best team right now is PSG but they have a financial advantage that allows them to recruit top players. And if one compares the money they invest to the sporting profits, PSG is on the losing end

Here are some players that have great potential and to keep an eye on:

Warren Zaire-Emery in PSG is an incredible talent. We've watched seven PSG games this season and every time Warren Zaire-Emery has impressed us

Facoundo Medina in RC Lens. He is the player that stands out in the team with a 9 2 rating on average per game

Bradley Barcola in PSG. Formerly in Olympic Lyonnais, the youngster was transferred this summer. He is a super talented player with great skills and technique He leaves us honestly pretty impressed His average rating per game is 7.

kylian mbappe

EPISODE 459 OF A MUCH-ANTICIPATED TRANSFER ANNOUNCEMENT

by Ari K, 6e

Mbappe. One of the most speculated football players of all time has been the subject of many different sports papers The big question Where will he go next? The french superstar is likely to leave PSG and embark on a new adventure. The Parisian has been offered many chances to play for Real Madrid. Jude Bellingham (who recently joined the club) has already made his feelings clear on reports linking Kylian Mbappe with a move to Real Madrid.

Over the past few seasons, French superstar Mbappe has often been linked with a move away from Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint Germain Back in 2022, it was widely reported that Mbappe was close to joining Madrid but he then made a lastminute U-turn to sign a new deal at the Parc des Princes.

With his contract set to expire at the end of the current season, the rumours about Mbappe’s future will continue to swirl After PSG won the French Super Cup earlier in the month, Mbappe spoke about his future He said: “First of all, I am very, very, very motivated for this year. It is very important. As I said, we have titles to chase and we ' ve already won one, so that's already done After that, no, I haven't made a decision yet. In any case, with the agreement I made with the president this summer, it does not matter what he decides. We manage to protect all parties and preserve the serenity of the club for the challenges that lie ahead, which continues to be the most

important thing.” He continued: “So we'll say it's secondary. I think it was at the end of May 2022 because I didn't know until May But if I know what I want to do, why drag it out? It just doesn't make sense ”

The French skipper is out of contract in the summer, and as things stand, is set to walk away from PSG for free at the end of the season. Mbappe can sign a pre-contract deal this month with a club outside France, and there has been plenty of speculation linking the 25-year-old to Real Madrid and Liverpool

Of course, while Mbappe’s move wouldn’t include a transfer fee, it will still be an incredibly expensive deal to complete, with The Telegraph having claimed the player expects a salary of €75 million a year (£64 5million) after tax, which equates to £1.24million a week. Moreover, there is also likely to be a significant signing-on fee.

Nevertheless, PSG are pushing for the player to stay at the club - a decision former PSG manager and player Luis Fernandez reckon Mbappe will settle for.“Yes, (I think that) he will stay at PSG,” Fernandez claimed in an interview with Bein Sports.

The speculation is likely to last for many more weeks (like it has before) and contributes to solidifying Kylian Mbappe’s football superstar status.

F U T U R E R U B R I Q U E :

L E C O U R R I E R D E S

L E C T E U R S

V O U S A V E Z U N E Q U E S T I O N O U

U N M E S S A G E ? U N D E N O S

R É D A C T E U R S Y R É P O N D R A

D A N S L E P R O C H A I N N U M E R O .

I t c a n b e s o m e t h i n g y o u w o u l d l i k e h e l p w i t h o r a d v i c e a n d i n s i g h t a b o u t

Y O U C A N S E N D I N Y O U R

Q U E S T I O N I N E I T H E R F R E N C H

O R E N G L I S H

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The Portal

A short story by Antoine T

, 6e

The sun was high as he stroked the forest in the most majestic way

In the village of Orion, the young Luth, was not a calm, patient and quiet teenager He was an energetic, indomitable and rageous boy This morning he went out to hunt

At this time, in the middle of the day, the forest was a world overflowing with life Suddenly, a dear jumped from a scrub on the path, mere metres before Luth. Before he could react and notch an arrow, Luth was blinded by the reflection of the sun on a shiny object He walked towards the light in a cautious but confident manner. The light was reflected from a mirror and, surprisingly, a wooden puppet, with the appearance of a man, was dancing around it and screaming words in an incomprehensible language.

When it realised someone was watching, the puppet jumped towards the mirror, clearly surprised and terrified by Luth’s presence When in contact with the mirror, the puppet vanished instantly Intrigued by what he just witnessed, Luth walked towards the mirror and passed his thumb on the reflective surface In the blink of an eye, Luth was absorbed by the mirror. Upon entering what was obviously a space-time portal, the lad saw a bluish tunnel and was whirling with great speed towards the exit.

When he crossed the end of the portal, he landed on a pile of rocks, at the foot of an enormous mountain

The sun was gone, the sky dark grey, filled by clouds, and a what looked like a raging storm was about to collide with the mountain peak. The land was a rocky, desolated expanse, with patches of yellowish dust, sand and massive boulders sprinkled over the desert.

What was this place? Where was the puppet?

Those questions were filling Luth’s mind and panic was beginning to creep As he was looking around to find a way back to the forest, he heard the howl of a wolf. It was loud and seemed rather close; he decided to walk towards the sound.

An arrow notched, ready to fire the projectile, Luth walked cautiously around the boulder. On the other side of it, he saw a pack of wolves. Their pelts were a strange mix of grey and yellow, a perfect camouflage for this environment They seemed well adapted to endure the harshness of the desert.

On sensing Luth’s gaze on them, they raised their heads, looking back at him, and slowly began to spread out Luth had seen enough and while walking back, still facing the predators, he was frantically looking for a boulder to climb on, not so high he would never succeed climbing it, not so low it would leave him at the mercy of the pack.

In the corner of his eye, not twenty paces from where he stood, he saw the wooden puppet appearing from behind a boulder, carrying a similar mirror: an escape! He dropped his weapon and ran for his life

un lundi d’hiver

UN POÈME DE PIA, 4E UN POÈME PIA, 4E

EMMITOUFLÉS DANS LEURS MANTEAUX , LE GÈLE CRAQUANT SOUS LEURS PAS, ILS ATTENDENT PATIEMMENT L’OUVERTURE DES PORTES DES RIRES S'ÉCHAPPENT DANS L’AIR, S’ENVOLENT DANS LE VENT FROID QUI

SURVOLE LES HAUTES MAISONS, SE MÊLANT AUX FUMÉES DES CHEMINÉES

LES CARTABLES SUR LE DOS, LES ÉLÈVES S’AVANCENT

LA BUÉE DESSINE DE PETITS NUAGES BLANCS AU-DESSUS DE LEURS TÊTES

LES ARBRES GRELOTTENT DOUCEMENT DANS LE VENT, DÉNUDÉS DE TOUTES FEUILLES, FINS ET CRISPÉS.

ET LES TOITS COUVERTS D’UNE FINE COUCHE DE NEIGE, SCINTILLENT DANS LE SOLEIL NAISSANT.

MAIS CE SILENCE GLAÇANT EST BIENTÔT CASSÉ.

ON ENTEND UN CRISSEMENT ÉTOUFFÉ, DEUX VISAGES FAMILIERS APPARAISSENT, INVITANT LES COLLÉGIENS À ENTRER.

ALORS TOUS MONTENT LES MARCHES GELÉES MENANT À UNE PORTE ROUGE COMME UN DOUX BRASIER

43 BEDFORD SQUARE

A

short

TEDDY

story by Raphael C, 6e

“Hello, I’m home” said my owner, a sort of living thing called human child, (but then you also have things called human adults and human babies, human teens). Honestly, it is so complicated: us teddys make it far simpler. You have brand new teddys, straight out of the factory, medium teddys that are probably a year old, and then you have the old worn-out teddys. My owner, unfortunately, came back from what humans call school - this place where you are… what was the word humans say? - ah yes, where you are educated! My owner is the type of human child who eats 24/7, does not eat what humans call ‘vegetables’ which are supposed to be healthy but eats what humans call ‘junk food’ which is apparently unhealthy Again, humans are overcomplicated while us teddys, yet again, are so simple because we can’t eat anything!

The funny thing is that HUMANS NEVER DO ANYTHING CORRECTLY! Have you ever wondered why a lot of teddys are deformed? Because humans formed us incorrectly. Or why a lot of what humans call ‘keys’ have such weird forms, or why humans are ugly because they formed themselves incorrectly Poor humans!

Just to let everyone know, humans did not abolish slavery like I saw in my owner ’ s schoolbook. Us teddys are well and truly humans’ slaves “We can play stretch“ said my owner. We always play this game which

basically goes like this: my owner stretches me out until he hears one of my strings crack.

Then we played monster where he has to try to scare me and, trust me, if I had the choice, there is not enough money in the world for me to agree to play that game. After that he talked to me about food which is, basically, he eats food and talks about how good it is After this we played catapult where he throws me out of the window and then comes to get me in the garden.

As my owner came to get me, I heard rustling in the bushes and I froze My heart was beating out of my chest! We went back upstairs not knowing what it was. My owner went to the loo as I stayed back, and I peaked at the window. I saw nothing. I gazed at the bush where I landed - still saw nothing.

Soon enough, my owner came back pale – he looked like he was sick. When he was about to throw me again, my heart was beating, sweat rolling down my back – I had a bad feeling He threw me again and I flew like the airplane on the Emirates’ airline advertisement. I landed headfirst in… oh no! the bushes I tried to get up but my back hurt way too much. Was anyone going to find me?

Suddenly, I felt breathing behind me – I turned and saw an animal that looked like a wolf. It bit me. Those were my last words…

L'ACTUALITÉ EN BREF

FRANCE >

WHOWILL WINA GRAMMY?

The Grammy awards, created in 1985 by John Billings, are awards that recognise the most spectacular work in the music industry There are 75 awards presented but the 4 general ones are for the best new artist, record, song and album of the year Taylor Swift and Lana del Ray, amongst others, received a nod for Best Album

Song of the Year has strong contenders such as Vampire, Flowers or Barbie’s soundtrack

Dance The Night Away

With 9 nominations, American singer SZA sweeps up the most nods of the 2024 edition But

how many awards will she take home?

The winners will be announced on Sunday 4th February during the 66th Ceremony in Los Angeles

MATIGNONPRENDUNCOUPDE JEUNE

Gabriel Attal ancien ministre de l'Éducation nationale a été nommé Premier ministre, succédant à Elisabeth Borne qui occupait ce poste depuis un an et 8 mois dans le gouvernement d'Emmanuel Macron Borne a été remplacée pour donner un nouveau souffle au gouvernement d'Emmanuel Macron trois ans avant la fin de son deuxième quinquennat

Attal est devenu le plus jeune Premier ministre de l histoire de la République à l'âge de 34 ans Il promet aux français que la santé est une priorité et qu’il investira 32 milliards d'euros dans les hôpitaux De plus, en réponse aux mouvements de manifestation il assure travailler à faciliter la vie des agriculteurs

LETTHEGRANDSLAMBEGIN

The Australian Open, created in 1905, is the first round of the Grand slam tour before Roland Garros Wimbledon and the US Open Starting on the 14th of January the tournament ends on the 28th after 7 rounds There are 128 players yet only 2 make it to the final The Australian Open has been played at Melbourne Park since 1988 This complex consists of 33 hard courts used for competition and 6 clay ones for training The main court used is the Rod Laver Arena which holds 15 000 seats Like many other courts it has a retractable roof allowing players to play in rain or excessive heat Since 2007 the Australian open has used a system called Hawk-Eye to determine whether the ball was in-bound or not Last year 902 000 people came to watch this world renowned tennis tournament

Our Team

Emilie A.

Arthur A.

Louise B

Lily B.

Alexandra B

Yasmine B.

Matilde B

Clémentine B.

Raphael C.

Leopold C.

Margot D

Zoe A. Pia DM.

Louise D

Charlotte G.

Léa G

Eva J

Ari K.

Leila M

Michelle L.

Lauren S

Emma T

Leah S. Sarah W.

Antoine T

Reporters

Editor-in-Chief, Layout, Cover Photographer

A SPECIAL THANKS TO Mr Matthew Irvin, Ms Matharan-Brizard, Mr Peter Cogavin and, of course, all the students who contributed to this issue with their work

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