THE FIRST 100 YEARS CURATED BY MARILYN SZABO WRITTEN BY STUART ROSEBROOK
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W E S T E R N A L L I A N C E B A N C O R P O R AT I O N
Robert Sarver, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ALLIANCE BANK OF ARIZONA
James H. Lundy, Chief Executive Officer Duane Froeschle, President Ed Zito, President Dee Burton, Executive Vice President W. Steve Dean, Executive Vice President Don Garner, Executive Vice President Harry Harvey, Executive Vice President William Koenig, Executive Vice President Sherri Slayton, Executive Vice President EDITORIAL TE AM
Publisher and Executive Editor: James H. Lundy, J.D. Curator and Photographer: Marilyn Szabo Managing Editor and Author: Stuart Rosebrook, Ph.D. Designer: Barbara Glynn Denney
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Alliance Bank of Arizona’s senior leadership would like to thank and acknowledge our editorial production team for their dedicated efforts in producing this book: Curator and Photographer Marilyn Szabo; Managing Editor and Author Stuart Rosebrook, Ph.D.; Designer Barbara Glynn Denney; and Copy Editor Beth Deveny. I also must thank Alliance Bank’s Vice President, Senior Marketing Officer Ruzica Radulovic, Executive Administrator Jane McNeil, and Editorial Intern Christopher Adam, who have been an integral part of editorial production of the book, above and beyond their regular day-today responsibilities. A great deal of thanks also is owed to Courier Graphics’ Christine Seay, our printer’s sales representative, who has assisted us through every step of the book’s production. Without their efforts the past year, we would not have published At Work in Arizona: The First 100 Years. — James H. Lundy, Alliance Bank of Arizona
Copy Editor: Beth Deveny Marketing and Public Relations: Ruzica Radulovic Executive Administrator: Jane McNeil Editorial Intern: Christopher Adam Printer’s Representative: Christine Seay Printer: Courier Graphics, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona Published in the United States of America All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Scanning, uploading, and electronic distribution of this book or the facilitation of such without the permission of the publisher is prohibited. First Edition.
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Alliance Bank of Arizona is the Arizona division of Western Alliance Bank, the state’s largest locally headquartered bank and part of Western Alliance Bancorporation (NYSE:WAL), one of the fastestgrowing bank holding companies in the United States. Alliance Bank of Arizona opened in Phoenix and Tucson in 2003, in Flagstaff in 2007, and now has eleven offices statewide and has demonstrated its commitment to the economic development of the state by lending billions of dollars back into the business communities it serves. In addition to serving the Arizona market, Western Alliance Bank provides comprehensive banking services in California (Torrey Pines Bank) and Nevada (Bank of Nevada and First Independent Bank), as well operating a national platform of several specialty business lines. Western Alliance Bancorporation is publicly traded on the NYSE. A division of Western Alliance Bank. Member FDIC
© 2014 Alliance Bank of Arizona, a division of Western Alliance Bank ISBN: 978-0-692-30194-4 Printed in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. Photographs Copyright © 2014 individual photographers, except as noted 100# Topkote Dull Text FSC acid free
All proceeds from the sale of At Work in Arizona: The First 100 Years will benefit Arizona educational charities. For more information or to make a donation, please visit AtWorkInArizona.com.
Printed on a Komori Lithrone S40 5/C with coater The text is composed in Avenir, and the display type is Tilting Gothic. OPP OSITE:
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Atlas Shrugged: Alliance Bank of Arizona, Phoenix, 2004, Marilyn Szabo
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P H O E N I X F I N A N C I A L C E N T E R , P H O E N I X | 2 012 Renowned modernist architect Wenceslaus A. Sarmiento designed the Phoenix Financial Center in 1963, and the “Punchcard Building” was completed in 1964. The skyscraper was originally ten stories, but nine stories were added in 1972. The distinct tower is considered a Googie futurist design, a style that began in Southern California with the construction of Googie’s Coffee Shop in 1949 and influenced architects across the United States until the 1960s. The Phoenix Financial Center was constructed during an era of rapid expansion in Phoenix’s Uptown Business District.
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CONTENTS FOREWOR D
BY
JAMES
C H A P T E R
O N E
C H A P T E R
T W O
C H A P T E R
T H R E E
C H A P T E R
F O U R
C H A P T E R
F I V E
C H A P T E R
S I X
C H A P T E R
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LUNDY
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PREFACE
AT WORK IN ARIZONA: FOUNDATIONS WATER, POWER, AND TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE
MINING AND MANUFACTURING AEROSPACE, DEFENSE, AND HIGH-TECH HEALTH CARE AND BIOSCIENCE ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION At Work in AZ_Version_12.indd 5
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INTRODUC TION
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BAB B IT T
C H A P T E R
E I G H T
C H A P T E R
N I N E
C H A P T E R
T E N
C H A P T E R
E L E V E N
C H A P T E R
T W E L V E
C H A P T E R
T H I R T E E N
C H A P T E R
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PHOTO GR APH Y
REAL ESTATE
FOOD AND DRINK RETAIL AND SERVICES SPORTS, RECREATION, AND ENTERTAINMENT TRAVEL AND TOURISM THE ARTS AND EDUCATION ARIZONA: LOOKING AHEAD
CREDIT S
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FOREWORD BY JAM ES H . LU N DY
C h i e f E xe c u t i v e O f f i c e r, A l l ia n c e Ba n k o f A r i zo n a
THE PHOTOGR APHY EXHIBITION BEGINS, PHOENIX | 2003
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t Work in Arizona frames the story of our state’s economic history over the past century, through the lens of the men and women who built it. As the last of the continental fortyeight states to join the Union on February 14, 1912, Arizona has in many ways mirrored the immigrant story of our country. Adventurous, hard-driving people from virtually every corner of the globe have moved here in a steady stream, swelling the population from around two hundred thousand at statehood to over six million today. The spirit of enterprise that has been Arizona’s hallmark is reflected in Alliance Bank of Arizona’s own story. In 2002, I, along with five other longtime Arizona bankers, joined with Tucson native Robert Sarver to form a new commercial bank in the state. Sarver had already established a reputation as a successful entrepreneur, having organized a bank in Tucson at twenty-three years old. Two decades later several of us believed that significant opportunity again existed for a locally focused business bank that
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understood the financial needs of Arizona’s businesses, as well as the fundamentals and the nuances of the state’s economy. From its opening in both Phoenix and Tucson in early 2003, Alliance Bank embarked on a trajectory of impressive growth. A decade later, at the end of 2013, Alliance had built over 3.2 billion dollars in total assets with more than 2.5 billion dollars in loans outstanding, and emerged from the financial crisis as Arizona’s largest stateheadquartered bank, ranking seventh in overall deposit market share among more than sixty institutions doing business here. This record growth is rooted in Alliance’s deep understanding of and commitment to the Arizona economy. As we were organizing the bank, we decided to illustrate the rich diversity of the state’s commercial heritage through photographs in each of our offices and branches that would capture the essence of the entrepreneurship that built Arizona. Phoenix photographer Marilyn Szabo has been the driving force behind the exhibits in our offices, and now this book. With her keen
eye, she has personally shot or selected each of the photos in the collection, ensuring that we never deviated from our original vision of telling the story of business in our state. At Work in Arizona is the best of that collection, and it is our sincere hope that the book will serve as both a historical work and a tribute to people committed to achieving their dreams. A work like this reminds us of our debts to others. To our customers, who have trusted us with their business, and to all of our employees for their unerring dedication to those customers, thank you. To Robert Sarver, my partner and mentor in the banking business for almost twenty-five years…no one could ask for a better leader through both good times and bad. Equally, our board members, who have provided sure guidance and steady confidence through a most challenging time for our industry, have my sincere gratitude. Finally, a heartfelt thanks is due to my wife, Michele, for her quiet support as we launched Alliance Bank from our kitchen table and during all the years before and since. ■
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PREFACE BY MAR I LYN SZ AB O
C u r a to r, A t Wo r k i n A rizo n a
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tlas shrugged on a cold rainy morning in early February 2003. I met James Lundy for the first time in an unfinished branch lobby of a newly organized bank. I listened to the recent history of this new bank, then the idea of a photographic economic survey of Arizona, possibly in black-and-white images. These would be oversized prints to hang on the walls of the bank offices. Having graduated with a history degree and worked full time as a photographer, I thought to myself, “What an incredible idea.” For years I had been photographing Arizona events and places — self-imposed and commissioned. This project could bring all that together. Would I be interested and available? So the collection began with a branch at Forty-fourth Street and Van Buren. We met regularly to discuss our ideas — and sources — for the photographs. James Lundy’s knowledge of Arizona’s economy, and the people involved, was expansive. Logistics of organization evolved with the completion of five more branches. I customized each exhibition, selecting both historic and present-
day photographs. I researched and searched for the historic images in every way possible — combing files at historical societies to visiting private homes and waiting for dusty boxes to be brought down from closets. The photos at each branch tell the larger story of Arizona while highlighting unique points of interest to that location. I have tried to maintain strict criteria: Does the place or person in the photo make money; do they create jobs? What makes a good photograph? Does it tell the story? All the images had to be of good physical quality with the ability to have a large enough digital file for a display-size print — not an easy task. Arizona‘s past has been vividly brought to life through my travels to photograph the many talented people who have created this history. I met hard-working, tenacious people who took extreme chances on their dreams to ensure the success of their business endeavors or adapted to the otherwise. In Florence, I photographed Pedro Guerrero, Frank Lloyd Wright’s photographer for twenty years;
in Tucson, Lute Olson, UA’s famous basketball coach; in Phoenix, young Ben Butler of Hayden Flour Mill making heirloom wheat; Herb Owens at PCI; Jerry Colangelo during the construction of the new ballpark; and Jim Ballinger in the beautiful new lobby of the Phoenix Art Museum. I met health-care research heroes Dr. Roy Curtiss, Dr. Gordon Ewy, and Muhammad Ali, who helps raise millions of dollars each year to research Parkinson’s Disease. Twelve years have passed, and many familiar people and loved places are gone — Pedro Guerrero, Rawhide on Scottsdale Road, the Cattle Stock Exchange at the Stockyards Restaurant, and, my favorite, the Concorde. I acknowledge with great appreciation all the other photographers who contributed to this collection with their solid work. I especially want to thank the book’s writer, Dr. Stuart Rosebrook, who despite ice storms, polar vortexes, cancelled airplane flights, and my passionate demands concerning the photographs, maintained a positive attitude and helped all these images come to life. ■
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C E N T R A L A R I ZO N A P R O J E C T, M A R I CO PA CO U N T Y | 2 014 In 1993, the Central Arizona Project’s (CAP) three hundred thirty-six-mile canal system south of Tucson was completed after twenty years of construction and a cost of four billion dollars. Annually, the CAP delivers nearly five hundred billion gallons of water to Arizona agricultural, industrial, and municipal customers. The Central Arizona Project Water Conservation Water District, created in 1971, manages and operates the CAP. According to a study by Arizona State University’s W.P. Carey School of Business, the CAP produces nearly one hundred billion dollars of revenue for the state’s economy annually; sustains 1.6 million jobs statewide; and, since the first water was delivered in 1986 through 2010, had generated an estimated one trillion dollars of Arizona’s gross income.
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INTRODUCTION BY BR U CE BABBIT T
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s a descendant of pioneer families who came West in the nineteenth century to settle the Arizona Territory, it gives me great pleasure to introduce At Work in Arizona. Its photographs and accompanying captions depict with remarkable breadth and clarity the spirit and ingenuity of the men and women who built our state over the past century. A history lesson emerges from each turn of the pages, telling of the accomplishments of our fellow Arizonans over the last one hundred years. No single publication captures more beautifully the courage, drive, and indeed the audacity of the people who have built the economic foundation of the state we love. At Work in Arizona is an essential reference for all who appreciate our state’s history and are committed to its future. â–
V E R M I L I O N C L I F F S N AT I O N A L M O N U M E N T, CO CO N I N O CO U N T Y | 2 0 0 0 As the forty-seventh United States Secretary of Interior from 1993 to 2001, Bruce Babbitt worked hard for the protection of American public lands. He supervised the creation or enlargement of twenty-two national monuments, including Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, which President William J. Clinton created under executive authority on November 9, 2000. The Bureau of Land Management supervises the 293,689-acre Vermilion Cliffs, which includes the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area that crosses the border into the Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument in Utah. From 1996 to 2001, President Clinton signed into law four additional national monuments in Arizona: Grand Canyon-Parashant, Ironwood Forest, Agua Fria, and Sonoran Desert.
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AT WORK IN ARIZONA: FOUNDATIONS BY STUART R OSEBR O O K
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very morning the first flights out of Phoenix’s Sky Harbor International Airport meet the sunrise of a new day in Arizona. Nearby, the city’s streets and freeways fill with the sounds of commuters, trucks, and school buses. The energy is as tangible and real as the four million people who have chosen to create their future in the Valley of the Sun. Across the state of Arizona, from Tucson to Flagstaff, that future rests on a foundation laid by ancient cultures who discovered the natural value of these wondrous desert and mountain lands long before. Resting inconspicuously beside Sky Harbor, the foundations of a Hohokam community at Pueblo Grande Museum and Archeological Park remain a salient reminder of civilizations past.
F O R T L OW E L L , T U C S O N | 194 2 Founded in Tucson by the California Volunteers on May 20, 1862, Fort Lowell served a dual role of defense and community center in the young territory until it was closed at the conclusion of the Apache Wars in 1886. Today, the City of Tucson manages Fort Lowell Park as a multi-use park with recreational facilities, an interpretive walk of the historic site, and the Fort Lowell Museum.
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A L L I A N C E B A N K , S WA N B R A N C H , T U C S O N | 2 0 0 4 Just down the street from the foundations of Tucson’s Fort Lowell, Alliance Bank of Arizona’s Swan Branch is one of the bank’s eleven statewide branches helping Arizona business today build the foundations of a strong future.
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T H E O D O R E R O O S E V E LT DA M | C I R C A 19 0 8 Visionary residents of the Salt River Valley pledged their land as collateral to fund the Bureau of Reclamation’s 1905 to 1911 construction of Theodore Roosevelt Dam, which for more than a century has served as the foundation of Salt River Project’s water association and power district.
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A R I Z O N A S TAT E C A P I T O L , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 12 Territorial residents of Arizona were eager to prove they were ready for statehood when they funded the construction of the state capitol building from 1898 to 1901, topping the native granite building with its signature copper dome.
At Work in Arizona is a celebration of the men and women who built our state through hard work and determination, with an intangible sense of opportunity, where ingenuity and enterprise expand on the foundations of the past for a promising future. Nearly fifty years before Arizona celebrated its statehood on February 14, 1912, the first territorial government was created in Prescott, pledging to support the dedication and sacrifice needed to build a state out of the rugged, arid lands. By the time citizens of the forty-eighth state entered the Union, they were assured they had
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secured a foundation of infrastructure for a great state. Arizona, at 113,595 square miles, was the sixth-largest state in land area and had at that time a growing population of just over 205,000 citizens. Two transcontinental railroads and numerous branch lines connected the mineral districts, grazing lands, dense forests, and agricultural valleys to the nation’s industrial centers and commodity markets. The world was also discovering Arizona for its natural wonders, including the Grand Canyon, and for its healthful winter climate. Before boosters nicknamed it the “Valley of the Sun,” the Salt
River Valley was touted as the “Nile of the Southwest,” an Eden of opportunity. Tucson, home of the University of Arizona, was a thriving hub of railroads, mining, and banking — the state’s largest city at that time. Farmers in Maricopa County had formed the Salt River Reclamation Project (today’s Salt River Project). They successfully lobbied President Theodore Roosevelt and the federal government to accept their land as collateral in exchange for the construction of a revolutionary new dam on the Salt River. Arizona landowners in the Valley sold the idea of the dam based on [continued on page 8]
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I SA B E L L A G R E E N WAY, W I L L I A M S | C I R C A 19 3 0 s Founder of Tucson’s Arizona Inn, Arizona’s first U.S. Congresswoman Isabella Greenway was a close friend of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. Greenway joined them at a campaign stop near her Quarter Circle XX Ranch in Williams.
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O L D M A I N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 6 0 s Since 1891, when the first students attended classes in Old Main at the University of Arizona, the state’s first university has been Arizona’s leader in undergraduate, graduate, and medical education.
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E L CO N Q U I S TA D O R H O T E L , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 2 0 s El Conquistador Hotel opened its posh doors in Tucson in 1928 and was one of the city’s premier resorts until it closed in 1964 and was demolished in 1968 to make way for the modern El Con shopping center. Arizona’s first woman architect, Annie Graham Rockfellow, designed the hotel, as well as numerous other city landmarks for Mayor Henry Jaasted’s architectural firm from 1916 to 1938.
A R I ZO N A I C E & CO L D S T O R AG E CO M PA N Y, T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 2 0 s Ranchers and butchers George Pusch Sr. and John C. Zellweger founded Tucson Ice and Cold Storage to produce distilled water ice for the territorial city in 1898. When they sold the business in 1925, its name was changed to Arizona Ice & Cold Storage Company, which served the needs of the desert community until 2002 when its building was converted and repurposed into fifty-one urban lofts.
D E L W E B B ’ S F I R S T S K Y S C R A P E R , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 6 0 s Arizona contractor Delbert Eugene Webb, famous for his Sun City developments, built the first of three Phoenix City Square skyscrapers on North Central Avenue in 1962, eventually adding the second and third towers in 1964 and 1971. The landmark business complex symbolizes Del Webb Corporation’s ongoing presence as a leader in the state’s real estate development industry.
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C H I C AG O C U B S , M E SA | C I R C A 195 0 s The National League’s Chicago Cubs moved their spring training operations from Catalina Island, California, to Mesa’s Rendezvous Park in 1952. The Cubs have played fifty of the last sixty-two years in the East Valley city, including the last thirty-six years in a succession of state-of-the-art ball fields, the latest being Cubs Park in Mesa, which debuted in 2014.
the foundations of the Hohokam civilization’s canals crisscrossing the desert’s rich soil left behind by centuries of flooding. The dam would protect the Valley from seasonal floods and assure a source of water even in drought. The water would be channeled into canals, and like the ancient people of the desert, ranchers and farmers would irrigate their crops and bring an oasis of opportunity to Arizona. With the foundations in place to begin as a new state, Arizona’s residents could not foresee the future of the next fifty years and
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the monumental, yet tumultuous, changes that would occur. During Arizona’s first decade of statehood, World War I pushed the state’s mines and cotton farms into overdrive. The state’s extraction-based economy brought in millions of investor dollars to support the war effort. Arizona created tens of thousands of jobs and shipped out tens of millions in commodities on its railroads. With the end of the war and the boom times of the Roaring Twenties, Arizona was prepared to embrace the new post-war economy. Yet, for the first time since the cattle crash of the late
1880s, Arizonans discovered their vulnerability in a volatile world market. Copper crashed, rail shipping slowed, mines closed, and cotton farms failed. Even before 1929, drought brought suffering to ranchers and farmers across the state. Arizona’s leaders began to consider the state’s future and how it would endure the growing nationwide Great Depression. In the mid-twenties, boosters and civic leaders, bankers and entrepreneurs had embraced Arizona’s “Five C’s”: Cattle, Copper, Cotton, Citrus, and Climate. Now they began to tout the “Three T’s”: Transportation, Travel, and Tourists.
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D U R A N T ’ S , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s Arizona was about to experience its largest decade of growth when Jack Durant (left) opened his dining room and bar at 2611 North Central Avenue in 1950. For over six decades the restaurant has remained an icon of Phoenix steak houses and power politics.
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G OV E R N O R E R N E S T W. M c FA R L A N D, M U L E PA S S T U N N E L , B I S B E E | 19 5 8 Along with power and water infrastructure development, highway construction was at the foundation of Arizona’s ability to grow economically and keep its residents and corporations connected to national and international markets, including the completion of the Mule Mountain tunnel bypass of then-U.S. Highway 80 to Bisbee and Douglas. The tunnel was formally dedicated by numerous state and local dignitaries, including Governor Ernest W. McFarland (at podium).
Anticipating a future of commerce and tourism, civic leaders, politicians, and business owners embraced the transportation revolution. They invested in the idea of a new interstate highway system that would one day connect the state with the nation on a new paved network rivaling the railroads. Arizonans prepared for the future even as their roads were less traveled and the mines went quiet during the Depression. Road-building was just one aspect of Arizona’s commitment to infrastructure investment as it looked ahead to a post-Depression economy.
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J O H N C . L I N CO L N H O S P I TA L , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 6 5 Lincoln Electric Company founder John C. Lincoln began to winter in Paradise Valley from Cleveland, Ohio, after his wife, Helen, was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1931. Soon thereafter he and his wife became benefactors of the medical needs of the Desert Mission tubercular patients in the Sunnyslope neighborhood. Six years after his passing in 1959, Lincoln’s dream of a multistory hospital (above) became a reality in 1965. Helen remained active with the hospital for decades, living until 1994 when she died at 102 years old. Today, the John C. Lincoln Health Network continues its mission, following the same philosophy of the founders of the Desert Mission in the 1920s.
Arizona was leading the way in water-reclamation, bringing water for irrigation and drinking to the expanding farmlands and cities of the West. The state’s commitment to developing its natural resources opened another opportunity. With the post-war boom in electrification and a growing need for power, hydroelectric dams were identified as the future of the West. Hoover Dam, an engineering wonder of the world, was built on the Colorado River. Smaller dams were built across Arizona, and the Salt River Project, built initially just as a water company, began producing electricity,
laying another major building block for the state’s future: affordable energy. The new source of electricity was a boon for the state, making the prospect of inexpensive electricity, water, and land even more attractive. As new roads made markets and tourist zones accessible to residents and visitors, Arizona was prepared to survive the Depression and thrive. Since 1941, Arizona has continued to model the early decades of statehood, weathering drought and war, expanding and contracting with economic growth and recession, each time
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R U G T R A D I N G , N AVA J O R E S E R VAT I O N | C I R C A 194 0 The national and international market for Navajo Indian blankets began in the 1880s and 1890s with encouragement for native crafts from the railroads, especially the Fred Harvey Company. Today over a thousand weavers on the Navajo Reservation make and sell traditional rugs and blankets through the trading post system.
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E G Y P T I A N CO T T O N G I N , M E SA | 19 15 After the Roosevelt Dam was completed in 1911, guaranteeing a regular water supply for Salt River Valley farms, Mesa farmers founded the Mesa Egyptian Cotton Gin in 1912 as a co-op to handle the sale of their long staple cotton for sale to Eastern manufacturers and mills.
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JACO B S A S SAY, T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 2 0 s Washington Michael Jacobs founded Washington M. Jacobs Assay and Chemical Laboratory in Tucson in March 1880 when the city had seven thousand residents and was the largest town in the Arizona Territory. Jacobs’ descendants have operated the city’s oldest proprietary business for four generations.
adapting and innovating with the entrepreneurial spirit that has built the state — and innately anticipating the future. During World War II, Arizona became a military training ground for the nation. Shortly after the war, the state seemed to teeter back into recession, but a new generation, envisioning the future and responding to the pressing national need for defense, high-tech, and education, embraced the new industries that have produced exponential growth since 1950. Tucson, Phoenix, Tempe, Mesa, and
Chandler have become high-tech centers, a virtual Silicon Desert. From Motorola to Hughes Aircraft, from Honeywell to Intel, from Goodyear to McDonnell Douglas, scientific industry was drawn to Arizona. Real estate developers designed and created affordable homes for the post-war era, partnering with innovators like Goettl Air Conditioning, to make life livable through the summer’s heat for millions of new residents. The University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University have all grown
into major research universities, leaders in science, engineering, agriculture, construction, business, law, and education. Today, innovations in biotechnology, solar power and sustainability, agriculture, architecture, and transportation provide touchstones for Arizona’s present as its leaders build upon the foundations of past generations for the future. As Alliance Bank of Arizona moves into its second decade as a key financial leader in the American Southwest, it remains
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G O E T T L A I R CO N D I T I O N I N G , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 6 0 s Since the 1930s, Goettl Good Guys Air Conditioning has been serving the HVAC needs of Arizona, pioneering the mass production of evaporative coolers, including forty thousand for Del Webb’s first subdivision in Sun City — a major selling point that launched both companies into Arizona history.
committed to its mission of partnering with the entrepreneurial men and women whose ingenuity and hard work have successfully guided Arizona through the recent recession and prepared it for future opportunity. Smart business leaders understand that a diversified economy for the state is essential to counter the past economic vulnerabilities created when the state’s business community relied too heavily on “cheap real estate” to drive the market. Alliance Bank’s leadership knows that its success was built
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M E SA A R I ZO N A T E M P L E , M E SA | 19 8 9 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints’ Mesa, Arizona, Temple was dedicated on October 23, 1927. The seventh Mormon Temple, one of the first three built outside of Salt Lake City, was constructed to serve the growing importance of the Mesa LDS community. Designed to reflect the ancient Jewish Temple of Jerusalem, it was enlarged and remodeled in 1974-1975. Today, the Mesa Temple remains one of the largest of the church, and was the last constructed without the recognizable Mormon temple spire.
on the foundations of the generations who came before us, who sacrificed much to create our great state. Arizona’s future will continue to be guided by innovation in small business, high-tech, agriculture, mining, scientific research, and education — the foundation of Arizona’s success in the past century. A stronger Arizona, with a diversified economy built to weather even the worst of times, will mean more and consistent opportunities for Arizonans to work, succeed, and support themselves and their families while realizing their goals.
As we enter our second century, the state’s leadership must envision a future in which a well-educated citizenry is prepared to compete in a global economy. Alliance Bank of Arizona dedicates At Work in Arizona: The First 100 Years, highlighting a century of photographs from the bank’s collection, to the enterprise and grit of the generations of men and women who have worked diligently the past one hundred years to build the state of Arizona for today — and for tomorrow. ■
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DW I G H T B . H E A R D, I N V E S T M E N T S , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 10 s Turn-of-the-twentieth-century entrepreneur, businessman, and philanthropist Dwight B. Heard arrived in Phoenix in 1895, and found great opportunity in farming, ranching, newspapers, politics, investment lending, and real estate development.
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ater defines life in the desert Southwest. Through the millennia, the people who have made Arizona their home adapted their culture to life in the desert valleys, plateaus, and mountains of the region. The pueblo civilizations, agricultural communities, and nomadic tribes of Arizona developed a network of trade and an economy based on irrigation, agriculture, and hunting and gathering. The extended droughts of the 1100s and late 1200s collapsed the economies and communities of the ancient pueblo people who lived along the rivers and watersheds of the Southwest. The Americans who later discovered the mysterious ruins and canals of these complex agricultural communities were both mystified and inspired.
T H E O D O R E R O O S E V E LT DA M | C I R C A 19 9 3 Salt River Project’s 1911 Theodore Roosevelt Dam, the first dam built under the supervision of the Bureau of Reclamation, was renovated, reinforced, raised seventy-seven feet, and bypassed by a bridge in 1996 to extend the life of the dam and create twenty percent greater reservoir capacity to support the growing population of the Salt River Valley.
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Jack Swilling, an entrepreneurial settler in Phoenix, built the first irrigation ditch in the Phoenix area based on the location of ancient Hohokam canals. In 2014, leaders and residents of Arizona are still confronted with regularly occurring droughts that test the management of the state’s natural resources and economy. Since Swilling built his first ditch, the residents of Arizona have constructed a series of dams and canals to deliver water to a thirsty, growing state. Waterreclamation projects were undertaken across the state — including the Salt River Project, Central Arizona Project, and the Coolidge, Waddell, and Parker dams — to harvest, retain, and distribute water for agricultural, industrial, and residential use. The Theodore Roosevelt Dam, dedicated in 1911 on the Salt River, defined Arizona’s modern management of water; it is the cornerstone of the state’s water reclamation and hydroelectric power infrastructure. The construction of dams in the region in the early decades of the twentieth century simultaneously reduced annual flooding and stored precious water resources for a growing Southwest, while the hydroelectricity produced by the Hoover, Canyon, Apache, and later, the Glen Canyon, dams primed the economy with inexpensive electricity to fuel the state’s rapid post-World War II economic growth. Since 1945, Arizona business and civic leaders also have promoted the growth of the state’s transportation network to keep it competitive locally, regionally, and nationally. From the first decades of the territory, local leaders lobbied for transcontinental railroads, intrastate railroads, and highways that would provide affordable distribution of commerce for people and goods to and through the state. With the growth of the automobile culture and the airline industry during the 1950s and 1960s, Arizona’s municipal airports, state highways, and interstates became a priority to ensure Arizona’s commercial viability. In the 2000s, Maricopa County’s highway system has rapidly expanded throughout the
B L A K E LY ’ S G A S | C I R C A 195 0 s In the 1950s and 1960s, Blakely’s Gas Stations were well-known as the first self-serve stations in Arizona, but they were better known for giving away promotional, collectible glasses and china to their customers.
region, enabling further development of industry, real estate, and business. The new transportation network has promoted investment in a variety of enterprises, such as manufacturing, warehousing, and shipping. The growth of Phoenix’s Sky Harbor International Airport has made it one of the top ten busiest airports in the United States and an important international port of entry. With an eye on its expanding population, Maricopa County continues investing in the future as it constructs the PHX Sky Train at Sky Harbor and expands light rail throughout the Valley of the Sun.
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C H A R L E S A . L I N D B E R G H , T U C S O N M U N I C I PA L A I R P O R T | 19 2 7 Leaders of the Tucson Chamber of Commerce, President Kirk T. Moore (left) and Aviation Committe Chairman Harry Holbert (right) greeted Charles A. Lindbergh with a cactus replica made by local florist Hal Burns of the famed Spirit of St. Louis airplane on September 23, 1927. The pilot visited the country’s oldest municipal airport, the Tucson Municipal Flying Field on South Sixth Avenue, which was built in 1919, during a national flying tour of his famous airplane to promote air travel. After his stop at Tucson Municipal, Lindbergh flew across town to the new Army Air Corps base, and helped dedicate Davis-Monthan Air Field.
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W E L CO M E T O P H O E N I X , S K Y H A R B O R A I R P O R T | 19 5 3 Air travel to Phoenix’s Sky Harbor Airport for business and tourism was recognized as a key to the state’s economic future. Local chambers worked closely with national corporate leaders and city boosters to host conventions, such as one for the Akron, Ohio-based Goodyear Corporation which had regional headquarters in Litchfield Park.
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T E R M I N A L 4 , S K Y H A R B O R I N T E R N AT I O N A L A I R P O R T, P H O E N I X | 19 8 9 Terminal 4, built in 1989 at a cost of $248 million, was added to Sky Harbor International Airport to meet the projected population growth and economic needs of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Since it opened in November 1990, the terminal has expanded to seven concourses which serve over 14.6 million arriving and departing passengers a year.
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CO N CO R D E , S K Y H A R B O R I N T E R N AT I O N A L A I R P O R T, P H O E N I X | 19 8 6 In July 1986, British Airways’ supersonic Concorde G-BOAF landed at Phoenix’s Sky Harbor International Airport on a promotional tour. In 1998, local travel agencies Bowers Worldwide Travel and Fifth Avenue Travel & Tours arranged a special charter trip of the Concorde for local residents to depart from Phoenix and experience flying at 1,350 miles per hour, twice the speed of sound, and see the curvature of the earth when the plane reached its maximum altitude of 55,000 feet. British Airways retired its fleet of four Concorde aircraft in November 2003, including G-BOAF to its home, where it was built, in Filton, England. Air France, British Airways partner in the construction and fleet of supersonic planes, also retired its fleet of four aircraft in June 2003 after thirty-four years of service.
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P H O E N I X S K Y T R A I N , S K Y H A R B O R I N T E R N AT I O N A L A I R P O R T, P H O E N I X | 2 014 In its initial stage, the electric PHX SkyTrain opened in 2014 as a highly efficient, free people-mover connecting the Valley Metro Rail Station at Forty-fourth Street and Washington Street, to the East Economy Parking Lot and Terminal 4 at Sky Harbor International Airport. Stage 1A will extend the driverless train on its center-rail guideway to Terminal 3 with a walkway to Terminal 2 in 2015.
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SA LT R I V E R P R O J E C T S W I T C H YA R D, M E SA | C I R C A 19 6 0 s Salt River Project began in 1903 and has expanded into one of the nation’s largest water and electric utility companies, serving over nine hundred thousand retail customers. With one of the most sophisticated energy production and delivery systems in the country, SRP provides power from a dozen traditional power-generating plants, a dozen hydroelectric stations, and a portfolio of renewable energy sources.
PA L O V E R D E N U C L E A R P OW E R P L A N T, T O N O PA H | 19 9 5 Majority owner Arizona Public Service manages Palo Verde Nuclear Power Plant west of Phoenix, the nation’s largest power plant by net generation, for a consortium of eight Western power companies, and nearly four million customers.
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A R I Z O N A FA L L S , P H O E N I X | 19 01 In 1880, William Murphy’s construction crew building the Arizona Canal near Camelback Mountain discovered the route crossed a large rock shelf, but instead of blasting it out, the contractor decided to leave it in place to create a waterfall and future source of electricity. For many years, local residents from nearby Phoenix picnicked at the falls until the first in a series of hydroelectric power plants was built to create electricity for the growing farm community. H O OV E R DA M , A R I Z O N A - N E VA DA B O R D E R | C I R C A 19 9 0 s Bridging the narrow Black Canyon of the Colorado River between Nevada and Arizona, Hoover Dam was considered an engineering wonder of the world when it was completed in 1937. The dam’s turbines produce four billion kilowatt-hours of hydroelectric power to serve the annual electric needs of 1.3 million people in Arizona, California, and Nevada.
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L A K E P L E A SA N T M A R I N A | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 Lake Pleasant, just north of the Phoenix metro area, is a reservoir created by the New Waddell Dam, which was completed in 1994 on the Agua Fria River for the Central Arizona Project and Maricopa Water District. The multipurpose dam replaced the original Waddell Dam built in 1927, and generates hydroelectric power, provides flood control, and a broad range of recreational opportunities on the lake.
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S U N B E LT S O L I L O Q U Y, P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 9 0 s When the Interstate 10 “stack” was completed in central Phoenix in 1990, connecting it with Interstate 17 and the new intra-city loop state highways in central Maricopa County, it represented over fifty years of debate about freeways in the state’s most populous county, and completed a vital economic highway connection to the nation’s interstate highway system.
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U N I O N PAC I F I C R A I L R OA D, P H O E N I X | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s In 1996, Union Pacific purchased the Southern Pacific Railroad, the first in the state in 1878, which included six hundred-forty miles of track in Arizona. The line connected the Grand Canyon state to twenty-three Western states and the commercial ports of the Pacific and Gulf coasts.
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U N I O N S TAT I O N , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 3 0 s Phoenix’s Mission Revival-style Union Station was dedicated in 1923 to great fanfare, and received its first passenger train in 1926, serving millions of passengers until 1995 when direct service to Phoenix was rerouted to the town of Maricopa.
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M E T R O L I G H T R A I L CO N S T R U C T I O N , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 2 0 0 7 After a six-decade hiatus from an urban rail line operating in Phoenix, Metro Light Rail was constructed between 2005-2008. Voters approved the construction with the Transit 2000 Regional Transportation Plan to build the twenty-mile line between Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa. The construction of the Metro has been a key improvement to the infrastructure and economic growth between the three cities and the development of Arizona State University and the University of Arizona College of Medicine’s campuses in downtown Phoenix.
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G I L A R I V E R P OW E R S TAT I O N , G I L A B E N D | 2 013 The Entegra Power Group operates the Gila River Power Station, which produces up to two thousand two hundred megawatts of power as the largest independent production plant of natural gas electrical energy in the Western United States.
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AGRICULTURE
Y U M A L E T T U C E FA R M S , Y U M A | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s Yuma County, one of the richest, year-round agricultural regions in the country, is the winter lettuce capital of the United States, producing ninety percent of the nation’s lettuce from November to March.
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ating back thousands of years, the ancient pueblo people of Arizona raised sustainable crops of corn, beans, and squash in the rich, alluvial soil along the desert’s rivers, creeks, and washes. The Spanish introduced horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens to Arizona, transforming the economies and cultures of the native tribes. The Catholic missions built farms along the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers, while the Spanish and Mexicans developed large cattle ranches across Southern Arizona. Since the 1840s, American settlers have applied their skills, knowledge, and determination to build an agricultural oasis out of the desert, creating one of the largest, most advanced waterreclamation and irrigation systems in the world. Arizona began to blossom as its farmlands and ranch lands expanded into vibrant
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A . J . C H A N D L E R C A N A L S , SA LT R I V E R VA L L E Y | C I R C A 18 9 1 In the 1860s and 1870s, early settlers in Maricopa County discovered the ancient canals of the Hohokam culture. The discovery inspired entrepreneurial community builders, including Dr. A.J. Chandler, who experimented with irrigation and canals on his desert land that would become the future city of Chandler. His support of the construction of Roosevelt Dam and a complex canal and water irrigation-delivery system for agriculture and residential development was key to the growth of the Valley of the Sun.
industries. Today, agriculture remains a diversified cornerstone of the desert state’s economy. Arizona’s $6.3 billion agricultural industry includes 7,500 farms and ranches across the state. Famous for cattle, cotton, and citrus, historically, Arizona today raises enough beef annually to feed 4.6 million people. Innovations in irrigation and agricultural science have kept Arizona a leader in cotton production, and the state is known internationally for its long-stem Pima cotton. The citrus industry grows the second most lemons, third most tangerines, and fourth most oranges and grapefruits of any state in the country. Farmers have successfully made Yuma the winter lettuce capital of the world. The state is nationally ranked second in U.S. production of head lettuce, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, cauliflower, and
broccoli. The state’s farmers are recognized for their wheat, apple, chile, grape, date, pecan, olive, and hay production. As the state’s population has expanded rapidly in the past thirty years, its dairy and chicken farmers, including Shamrock Farms and Hickman’s Family Farms, have emerged as national leaders through entrepreneurism to maintain a healthy, local supply of milk and eggs throughout the Southwest. Looking forward, Arizona’s agriculture industry must continue its innovative heritage to stay competitive in the world marketplace. Collaborating with scientists at the University of Arizona’s College of Agriculture, farmers and ranchers are committed to developing new and more efficient, sustainable methods for raising livestock and growing crops in the desert.
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G O O DY E A R CO R P O R AT I O N CO N V E N T I O N , G O O DY E A R | 19 5 3 President Paul Litchfield was a generous philanthropist who initiated a farm apprentice program at the Goodyear Corporation’s farms near Goodyear, and hosted numerous conventions for employees from the company’s headquarters in Akron at the Goodyear Company’s Wigwam Resort in Litchfield Park.
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C LY D E S H A R P, CO T T O N FA R M , Y U M A | 2 013 Arizona’s cotton industry is one of the most innovative in the nation and the world, thanks to cotton farmers, including Clyde Sharp of Yuma, who helped to develop a way to harvest and bale cotton into rolls, which is more efficient for the textile mills to weave into cloth.
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S H A M R O C K FA R M S DA I R Y, P H O E N I X | 2 014 W.T. McClelland and his wife, Winifred, started Shamrock Farms Dairy in Tucson in 1922 with twenty cows; over ninety years later, Shamrock Foods Company is still family-owned and one of the largest privately held dairies — and corporations — in Arizona and the United States.
WA LT E R J O R DA N , O R C H A R D S , S E D O N A | C I R C A 19 3 6 Sedona and Oak Creek Canyon are known today as a resort community and internationally acclaimed spa and retreat center amidst the red buttes that tower over the valley, but for many decades Walter Jordan and other homesteaders and farmers transformed the land along Oak Creek into an irrigated agricultural center.
N AVA J O S H E E P H E R D E R S , N AVA J O N AT I O N | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s The Navajos’ prized Churro sheep are descended from the first flocks the Spanish brought to the Southwest in the sixteenth century. The Navajos began acquiring sheep in the late seventeenth century, and sheep, wool, and weaving have been integral to Navajo culture and economy ever since.
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M E D J O O L DAT E FA R M , Y U M A | 2 014 The Yuma area has become the world’s most renowned grower of Medjool dates with root stock dating back to rare date trees brought to the United States from Morocco during a disease outbreak in 1927. Today, the Lower Colorado River Valley farms near Yuma produce over ten million pounds of dates a year, valued at over thirty million dollars.
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H AY D E N F L O U R M I L L S , P H O E N I X | 2 014 Farm-to-table wheat farmers in Maricopa County, like Hayden Flour Mills, are growing native and heirloom varieties and strains of wheat that are ground by Master Miller Ben Butler in the Mill’s Austrian stonemill into flour that is prized by Italian pasta companies and Phoenix restaurateurs, including Chris Bianco of Bianco Pizzeria.
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F I E S TA FA R M A N D C A N N E R Y, M c N E A L | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s Woody and Victoria Johnson founded Macayo’s Mexican Kitchen restaurant in Phoenix in 1952. Twenty years later, during a national chile shortage, they bought land near McNeal in Cochise County for their own chile farm, which would guarantee a steady source of fresh chiles for their restaurant chain. Today, Fiesta Farm and Cannery grows more than thirty million pounds a year, the third-largest chile-grower in the United States. Fiesta Farm’s jalapenos, red and green chiles, and tomatillos are freshly distributed to Macayo’s restaurants, and sold to distributors across the country. The cannery, adjacent to the chile fields, cleans, processes, and roasts eight to ten million pounds of the fresh chiles a year before canning and distributing them under the Fiesta del Sol and Cochise Farm brands.
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C AT T L E S T O C K E XC H A N G E , P H O E N I X | 2 0 0 3 In 1947, after Phil Tovrea’s sons returned from serving in Europe during World War II, they sold their father’s meat-packing operations and opened the Tovrea Land and Cattle Stock Exchange building, which included the Farmers and Stockmen’s Bank and the Stockyards Restaurant.
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T OV R E A’ S L I V E S T O C K C E N T E R O F T H E S O U T H W E S T, P H O E N I X | C I R C A 194 0 s Cattle baron Edward A. Tovrea, owner of the Tovrea Land and Cattle Co., built a two hundred-acre feed lot for his forty thousand head of cattle adjacent to his packing plant near Forty-eighth and Van Buren streets in 1919. Tovrea’s Livestock Center of the Southwest was advertised as the largest in the world at one time, able to feed up to three hundred thousand head of cattle a year.
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P O N D E R OV E Y DA I R Y, G L E N DA L E | 2 014 Ponderovey Dairy’s patriarch Emil Rovey started his dairy herd in Glendale in 1943 with a one hundred forty-five-acre farm. Today the second- and third-generation Rovey families, including grandson Brett Rovey (above), still operate every aspect of Rovey milk and dairy production with the pride and care that Emil did over seventy years ago.
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H I C K M A N ’ S FA M I LY FA R M S , A R L I N G T O N | 2 014 Hickman’s Family Farms, which started in 1944 as a small backyard flock, is still family-owned, but rather than selling eggs off the back porch or out of the family car, Hickman’s farms can now process seven hundred fifty thousand eggs per hour from a flock of five million layers.
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C I T R U S SA LT R I V E R A S S O C I AT I O N , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 2 0 s Farming entrepreneur William J. Murphy planted the first fifteen hundred citrus trees in the Ingleside neighborhood of Phoenix in 1889, and in less than a decade, over a hundred and fifty thousand trees were planted in the Valley, forming the foundation for the citrus industry. As one of the nation’s top citrus-producing states today, Arizona competes only with California, Florida, and Texas.
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he copper dome of the state capitol symbolizes the significance of the mining industry to Arizona’s industrial strength. From the earliest Spanish explorers to the present day, the wealth of the state’s mineralized mountains and deserts have drawn entrepreneurs, investors, and laborers to the Grand Canyon state. Spanish and Mexican miners first discovered silver and gold, and then in the 1860s, with the discovery of gold near Wickenburg and Prescott, the Arizona Territory was formed to protect the rich bonanzas from Confederate forces. Mining strongly shaped the development of the territory in its earliest decades. Innovations in hard-rock mining built an industry that helped fuel our industrial revolution and the nation’s post-Civil War rise as an economic power. Legendary boomtowns, including Tombstone, Bisbee, Jerome, Globe, Congress, Morenci, Clifton, Superior, Bagdad, and Ajo, were at work twenty-four hours a day. The smelter towns of Miami, Douglas, Clarkdale, Kearney, and Humboldt churned the ore into copper. Then the precious metal rode the rails to Chicago and the industrial cities of the Great Lakes. One of the state’s “Five C’s,” Arizona copper helped win World War I. And though demand waned in the 1920s and during the Great Depression, since World War II, copper has remained an important contributor to the state’s economy. Today, copper is still the number one mineral mined in Arizona, injecting 4.6 billion dollars into the annual economy. The state produces nearly seventy percent of America’s copper and is sixth in the world in production. Almost fifty thousand people work in the copper industry in the state, generating 3.2 billion dollars in personal income, with 500 million dollars in tax revenues for local and state governments. The copper industry, understanding of its responsibility environmentally as well as economically, has evolved and taken numerous toxic-control measures and remediation efforts in historic mining communities.
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S I LV E R K I N G M I N E , S U P E R I O R | C I R C A 18 8 0 s Four Pinal County farmers — Isaac Copeland, William Long, Charles Mason, and Ben Reagan — who prospected in their spare time, found the outcropping of silver on March 24, 1875, that became The Silver King Mine, one of the richest veins of ore in the Arizona Territory until it played out in the late 1880s.
While almost all of the minerals mined in the state are exported for industrial use elsewhere, Arizona has always had a diverse manufacturing economy. The growing state produced many innovative business owners, including John F. Long and Herb Owens, who made significant advances in the construction industry; and entrepreneurs attracted by Arizona’s hospitable climate and growing population, like inventor Karsten Solheim, who, after finding success in Arizona’s booming high-tech sector developing computer systems, became best known for his legendary Ping golf clubs. The state’s geography and climate also attracted scientific
enterprises including the astronomical labs and observatories at Kitt Peak and Mount Graham. The University of Arizona’s worldrenowned Steward Observatory Mirror Lab, which opened in 1916, operates below Arizona Stadium making twenty-seven-foot parabolic mirrors. These highly coveted mirrors have been fitted on three telescopes in space, and on one in New Mexico, one in Chile, and five in Arizona, including Kitt Peak and Mount Graham. The lab’s ultimate project is currently being constructed in Chile, where the Giant Magellan Telescope, using ten precision parabolic mirrors manufactured in Tucson, will extend Arizona’s reach to the limits of human imagination in the year 2020.
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T U C S O N P R E S S E D B R I C K CO M PA N Y, T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 2 0 s The Tucson Pressed Brick Company, located along the Santa Cruz River on the west side of town, provided affordable, fire-resistant bricks for homes and developments from 1908 to 1963. In the early decades, brick makers at the company built rectangular, coal-fired scove kilns of unfired bricks (above) to cure them.
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JACO B S A S SAY, T U C S O N | 2 0 0 6 Founded in Tucson in 1880, Jacobs Assay, managed today by the founder’s grandson Mike Jacobs, still serves the mining community of Arizona two days a week as an assayer of gold and silver bullion and core samples of gold and silver.
P H O E N I X L E T T E R I N G , P H O E N I X | 2 013 Arizona’s business economy is fueled by enterprise and entrepreneurs, and Phoenix Lettering, owned and operated by the Castelletti Family, including Emma, (foreground), has been making and selling custom letterman jackets, sweaters, patches, scarves, pins, and awards for local and nationwide customers since 1957.
TAG WO R K S , T E M P E | 2 013 TagWorks, an entrepreneurial startup by George Hagen, was created to assist pet owners in purchasing laser-engraved, pet identification tags at PetSmart stores around the country. Founded in 2007 in Tempe, TagWorks became a part of the Hillman Group, Inc., in 2011.
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M I R R O R CO N S T R U C T I O N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A , T U C S O N | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s The Steward Observatory Mirror Lab, located under the University of Arizona’s football stadium, constructs the world’s most innovative, powerful, lightweight honeycomb mirrors for optical and infrared telescopes. The lab also developed a unique mirror-polishing technique that has revolutionized the performance of telescopes worldwide.
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W H I T E M O T O R CO M PA N Y T R U C K , M O R E N C I M I N E , M O R E N C I | C I R C A 195 0 s The copper mining operations in Morenci, the largest in North America, started in the area in 1872. Phelps Dodge operated the mines in Morenci from 1917 until 1997, when the company merged with Freeport-McMoRan. The Cleveland-based White Motor Company’s super heavy-duty truck was used extensively in Morenci during World War II, when a single load of ore could be smelted into five hundred fifty pounds of copper for the war effort’s munitions.
CO P P E R Q U E E N M I N E , B I S B E E | 19 10 In 1877, surface ore was discovered, which led to the first mining claims in the Bisbee Gulch. Phelps Dodge bought the mine in the 1880s and operated it as an underground mine, until an open pit was opened in the 1950s. In 1910, these three miners were working in the most productive copper mine in the state. When Phelps Dodge ceased mining in 1975, 6.1 billion dollars’ worth of ore had been extracted from the area’s mines.
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M I A M I M I N E CO N C E N T R AT O R , M I A M I | C I R C A 195 0 s In 1909, the Inspiration Consolidated Copper Company was formed, and in 1915 it built its innovative copper-reduction plant in Miami. This led to higher profits and efficiencies in copper production and smelting of the lowergrade deposits of porphyry copper mined in the highly mineralized Globe-Miami area. Today, Freeport-McMoRan’s solution-extraction, electrowinning process can produce two hundred million pounds of copper annually.
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P H E L P S D O D G E CO P P E R T U R B I N E S , M O R E N C I | C I R C A 195 0 s Phelps Dodge’s copper mines in Morenci, sold to Freeport-McMoRan in 2007, are the largest copper operations in the United States. For many years, Phelps Dodge processed its mined ores with a leaching and smelting method that efficiently and affordably separated the copper in a unique process that allowed the mining company to remain competitive through numerous economic downturns. Today, Freeport-McMoRan has transformed its copper operations away from traditional methods to a more efficient and environmentally sensitive “mine-for-leach� process.
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J E R O M E M I N E T R A I N , J E R O M E | C I R C A 19 0 0 The United Verde & Pacific narrow-gauge railway was the innovation of United Verde Copper Company mine owner William A. Clark, who bought the mine in 1888. Clark’s construction of the railroad to tie into the national railroad system, and expansion of the mine and the smelter, allowed the company to grow and prosper to become the largest copper mine in Arizona by 1900. In 1915, Clark built a standard-gauge rail line to his new smelter at the base of Cleopatra Hill in his company town, Clarkdale.
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S M I T H P I P E A N D S T E E L , P H O E N I X | 2 014 Operated by Delta Steel, Inc., Smith Pipe and Steel, a subsidiary of Reliance Steel & Aluminum Company since 1997, is one of the oldest pipe and steel manufacturing companies in Arizona.
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K A R S T E N S O L H E I M , M O O N VA L L E Y CO U N T R Y C LU B , P H O E N I X | 19 67 Intrepid inventor Karsten Solheim, part of the engineering team that designed the first computer banking system, made his first Ping putter in his home’s garage in Redwood City, California, in 1959, before he moved his family to Arizona to further develop his golf club manufacturing business. Today, over five decades later, the Phoenix-based company is the highest-rated golf club manufacturing company in the world.
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rom its primitive nineteenth-century territorial camps and forts to the most sophisticated military bases in the United States, Arizona has been on the frontlines of America’s national defense for one hundred fifty years. The state’s expansive, unpopulated desert areas provide training and testing grounds for all branches of the armed forces. Arizona’s climate is well-suited for testing cutting-edge technology in aircraft, armaments, and artillery, while its vast skies and bombing ranges support training the best skilled military pilots in the world. The economy of war jolted Arizona out of the Great Depression. During World War II, the state became one of the most
MIRROR POLISHING, UNIVERSIT Y OF ARIZONA , T U C S O N | 2 010 In 2010, the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences’ Engineering and Fabrication Facility polished an ultra-thin, seven-thousand pound, forty-four million-dollar mirror for Lowell Observatory and the Discovery Channel’s Happy Jack, Arizona, telescope, the fifth-largest in the United States.
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militarized training grounds in the United States. Inland from the Pacific Coast, with over three hundred days of sunshine annually, lightly populated, and with large parcels of unoccupied federal land, Arizona accommodated airfields and military bases built to train fighter pilots and prepare combat troops for war. Airfield construction brought thousands of jobs and hundreds of millions of dollars to the state, paving the way for one of the most important aerospace training locations in the country. In the 1960s, NASA began developing close ties to Arizona. Meteor Crater was used by the Apollo astronauts before they walked on the moon, while the space agency and other federal departments began working closely with the state’s university astronomical programs, which have grown into Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration and the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. NASA maintains a close association with the state’s observatories at Happy Jack, Kitt Peak, Lowell, and Mount Graham. During the late 1940s, President Harry Truman’s Cold War directive to disperse our national defense industry throughout the country spurred Arizona’s leaders to successfully lobby hightech manufacturing corporations to move to the state. Motorola, Honeywell, Hughes Aircraft, Raytheon, and IBM were some of the earliest companies to establish themselves in Arizona, which served to transform local communities and state universities. In 1980, Intel built its first plant in Chandler. In 2014, Apple opened a factory in Mesa, joining more than twelve hundred high-tech, aerospace, and defense companies currently operating in the Grand Canyon state. The joint effort of civic and political leaders to attract these industries moved the area forward financially, spurring a booming economic sector to bring twelve billion dollars in revenue to the state. Today, Arizona’s business and state leaders are working hard to keep the state’s economy diversified, with aerospace, defense, and technology at the foundation of its future.
L OW E L L O B S E R VAT O R Y, F L AG S TA F F | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s Astronomer Percival Lowell founded Lowell Observatory on Mars Hill in Flagstaff in 1894. Today, after one hundred twenty years of astronomical discoveries, the private, nonprofit National Historic Landmark remains one of the world’s most important centers of astronomical advancement, with twelve telescopes, including the twenty-four-inch Alvan Clark refracting telescope, built in 1896 and used today for public education.
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K I T T P E A K O N A W I N T E R DAY, T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 9 0 s Located in the Quinlan Mountains west of Tucson on the Tohono O’odham Nation, Kitt Peak National Observatory was founded in 1958 and has been operated since 1982 by the National Optical Astronomy Observatories. Telescopes at the astronomical center include the Mayall 4-meter Telescope, the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope (largest in the world), and the WIYN 3.5m Telescope, with a primary mirror constructed at the University of Arizona’s Mirror Lab.
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FA L CO N F I E L D, M E SA | C I R C A 194 3 During World War II, every branch of the American military had training bases in Arizona. Mesa’s Falcon Field was built in July 1941 as a pilot-training base for British Royal Air Force and U.S. Army Air Corps pilots. Since 1948, the city of Mesa has operated the municipal general aviation airport.
BOMBARDIER, TUCSON | CIRCA 2000s Canadian aerospace and train manufacturing company Bombardier has thirty-seven locations with more than seven thousand employees in the United States, including an aerospace commercial aircraft service center in Tucson.
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F - 3 5 B L I G H T N I N G I I , Y U M A | 2 014 Yuma’s desert climate, open skies, and available federal land for training, including the Marine Corps Air Station Yuma and the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range, has made the city and Southern Arizona a testing ground for the defense industry since World War II. The innovative stealth Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is the most technologically advanced multi-role fighter jet ever built. The Marine Corps’ F-35B, one of three variant F-35 aircraft, has a short takeoff-vertical landing capability, especially suited for their combat operations.
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I N T E L CO R P O R AT I O N , C H A N D L E R | 19 8 0 With over eleven thousand employees in Arizona, second-highest of any state in the U.S., Intel is the largest employer in Chandler, contributing an average of 2.4 billion dollars to the state’s economy. Since 1996, the high-tech semiconductor company has invested more than twenty billion dollars in its Arizona manufacturing facilities, including the Ocotillo factory, which makes the latest fourteen-nanometer process technology.
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A I R P R O D U C T S CO R P O R AT I O N , C H A N D L E R | 2 013 Since the early 1980s, Air Products’ Chandler facility, which supplies industrial gas to numerous high-tech companies in the East Valley, has been a significant industrial partner in Arizona’s resurgence as one of the nation’s leading states in semiconductor manufacturing, health care, and renewable energy.
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I N T E L FA B R I C AT I O N P L A N T 4 2 , C H A N D L E R | 2 012 On January 25, 2012, President Barack Obama praised Intel for its construction of Fabrication Plant 42 and its commitment to investing in American high-tech jobs. Unfortunately, the chip manufacturer has decided not to open the factory until Intel’s Arizona operations are deemed profitable. In the meantime, one thousand jobs have been added to the Chandler Intel workforce since 2012, and a new three hundred million-dollar R&D factory is slated to open in late 2014.
A P P L E - G T A DVA N C E D T E C H N O L O G I E S FAC T O R Y, M E SA | 2 014 In the fall of 2013, Apple Corporation purchased the 1.3 million-square-foot former First Solar factory in east Mesa in partnership with GT Advanced Technologies to manufacture highly scratch-resistant sapphire-glass. Apple received a ten million-dollar incentive grant from the Arizona Commerce Authority, while the City of Mesa created a foreign-trade zone for the manufacturer. In the fall of 2014, GT Advanced Technologies filed for bankruptcy protection when Apple Corporation chose to use a rival Gorilla Glass instead of sapphire for the iPhone 6. Although Apple remains publicly committed to jobs in Arizona, GT Advanced Technologies announced in October 2014 that they were closing the plant at year’s end and asked the court’s approval to immediately layoff four hundred seventy employees.
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T I TA N M I S S I L E M U S E U M , G R E E N VA L L E Y | C I R C A 19 8 6 When Arizona was a territory, its citizens depended on a line of frontier forts for defense during the Indian Wars and the Mexican Revolution. During the Cold War, Arizona once again was on the frontline of American defense, with a ring of seventeen Titan II ICBM missile silos (out of fifty-four in the U.S.) in Southern Arizona that were on alert twenty-four hours a day for more than twenty years, and could reach their target in the Soviet Union, 5,500 miles away, in fifty-eight seconds. Today, visitors can calmly walk through the Arizona Aerospace Foundation museum and have an educational experience on the edge of nuclear Armageddon.
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D I R I G I B L E P L A N T, T H E G O O DY E A R A I R C R A F T CO R P O R AT I O N , G O O DY E A R | C I R C A 194 0 s The Goodyear Rubber and Tire Corporation has played an important role in America’s transportation, industrial, defense, and aviation industries for almost a century. In 1917, the company acquired its first cotton ranch in the West Valley to grow the textile staple for its auto and aircraft tire-manufacturing needs. In 1941, the company built the Goodyear Aircraft Corporation dirigible-construction plant in Goodyear, near the Litchfield Naval Air Facility. New York City’s famous Macy’s department store contracted with Goodyear to make the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade character balloons, including Popeye, Happy Dragon, Donald Duck, Bullwinkle, and Dino the Dragon at the Goodyear Dirigible Plant from 1957 to 1963.
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N AVA J O CO D E TA L K E R S | 2 012 During the early months of World War II in 1941-1942, American military leaders were confounded by how quickly Japanese cryptologists were breaking the secret codes of the U.S. armed forces. An enterprising engineer, who had grown up on the Navajo Reservation, convinced the Marine Corps commanders in San Diego to recruit Navajos into the Marine Corps to develop an unbreakable code for communications in the Pacific campaign. The Navajo language was unwritten and unknown to the Japanese. The Marines recruited and trained four hundred twenty-one Navajos to serve in all six Marine divisions fighting in the Pacific, and the Code Talkers’ transmissions are credited as one of the key reasons the United States defeated the Japanese in World War II.
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F O R T H UAC H U C A , S I E R R A V I S TA | 19 5 8 Founded as Camp Huachuca during the Apache Wars in March 1877, Fort Huachuca’s strategic location adjacent to the Mexican border has led to its ongoing role in American military operations. Famous for being home to the legendary 10th Cavalry Regiment of African-American “Buffalo Soldiers,” led by General Jack Pershing in 1916-1917, the fort today serves as a key post for the Army Intelligence Center and Network Enterprise Technology Command. It also serves as a key post of a radar-equipped aerostat used by the Drug Enforcement Agency to detect low-flying aircraft that might be trying to carry drugs across the border.
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CU R I O S IT Y M A R S R OV E R | 2 010 NASA’s Curiosity rover (above), also known as the Mars Science Laboratory, went for a test-drive at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, in July 2010. For over twenty years, scientists at Arizona State University’s Mars Space Flight Facility at the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) have partnered with the JPL, creating specific science instruments for the rover program, and managing them during NASA’s ongoing exploration of Mars. The facility’s scientists also monitor NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter’s Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), as well as the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometers (Mini-TES) mounted on the two rovers. SESE scientists in 2014 continue to be involved with the 2.4 billion-dollar exploration of Mars by Curiosity, which landed on August 4, 2012. Professors at the facility are collaborating on the management and analysis of data collected by Curiosity’s chemistry and mineralogy instruments. Faculty and students of the Mission Operations Center also are involved in processing and interpreting the photographic images sent back by the Odyssey and Curiosity. And, ASU’s team is working on the Mars 2020 rover, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and OTES, a mineralogical survey instrument being built on campus at SESE for NASA’s OSIRIS-REx asteroid mission.
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B O E I N G , M E SA | 2 014 Since 1982, when Hughes Helicopters established a factory in Mesa, the manufacturer has been building the AH-64 Apache helicopter for the U.S. Army and an ever-growing list of international customers. Three times, in 1997, 2000, and 2011, Boeing’s Mesa plant has been named Arizona’s Manufacturer of the Year. In addition to helicopters, Boeing in Mesa designed and will produce the AH-6i Light Attack/Reconnaissance Helicopter, builds electrical aircraft wire harnesses and composite structures in its Strategic Fabrication Center, and is involved in the development and testing of an optionally manned H-6U helicopter.
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R AY T H E O N M I S S I L E S Y S T E M S , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 9 0 s After World War II, the aerospace, defense, and high-tech industry, including Hughes Aircraft, which came to Tucson in 1951, became symbiotic with Arizona’s economic and population growth. Raytheon Missile Systems, which has been on the frontlines of American missile defense systems for decades, bought Hughes in 1997, and today sells air and missile defense materials, radar, and precision weapon systems to over fifty countries.
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M O T O R O L A , S CO T T S DA L E | C I R C A 19 6 0 s In 1948, Motorola was one of the first high-tech companies to expand its operations to Arizona, transforming the economy and the community in the 1950s and 1960s into one of the nation’s fastest-growing high-tech metropolitan areas. Founded in Chicago in 1928, Motorola emerged from World War II as a leader in the growing electronics and high-tech defense industries, building three plants in Phoenix and one in Scottsdale by 1960. Arizona boosters supported the growth of industries free of smokestacks to anchor Phoenix and Scottsdale’s economic and suburban transformation from a pre-war agricultural economy into the “Silicon Desert.”
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healthy climate for patients has made Arizona a superb location for investors to grow health care and bioscience into one-fifth of the Arizona economy, with over four hundred fifty million dollars spent annually on development and academic research. Tucson’s University of Arizona Medical School, with its new downtown Phoenix branch, is the flagship of the state’s health care industry. That industry ranges from regional and urban hospitals to local clinics, from community health care centers to internationally recognized research and treatment facilities, including the Sarver Heart Center at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona Heart Institute, Barrow Neurological Institute, Mayo Clinic, the University of Arizona Cancer Center, the Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, and the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen). One of Arizona’s leaders in medical science during the past four decades is Dr. Gordon A. Ewy, M.D., professor emeritus of cardiology and director emeritus of the Sarver Heart Center. His leadership at the Center directly influenced the College of Medicine’s Cardiology and Cardiovascular Services to be chosen by U.S. News and World Report as one of the Best Hospitals in America. One of Dr. Ewy’s major accomplishments at the Sarver Heart Center was the establishment of the Resuscitation Research Group that led to the development of Chest-Compression-Only Resuscitation. The technique has been heralded internationally and has been adopted as an easier way to perform CPR, as well as more successful for treating heart attacks outside of a hospital. Before the state became a national leader in health care, Arizona was one of the most recommended places for patients with lung disease to live. In the first decades of settlement in the Arizona Territory, city and state leaders promoted the health benefits of living in the dry heat of the desert, especially in the winter months. Mountain communities like Prescott promoted the health benefits of the cooler summer clime, and railroads promoted Western
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D R . R OY C U R T I S S I I I , T H E B I O D E S I G N I N S T I T U T E , A R I ZO N A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y, T E M P E | 2 0 0 6 As director of the Centers for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology and Microbial Genetic Engineering at the Biodesign Institute of Arizona State University, Roy Curtiss, Ph.D. (left, with student) also serves as professor of life sciences in the School of Life Sciences, a position he has held since 2004. An active researcher in bioscience for six decades, Curtiss directs two of the institute’s eleven research centers, currently conducting over two hundred research projects helmed by sixty-five tenured faculty, including one Nobel Laureate.
travel, both for adventure and for a healthy retreat from the cold, urban cities of the East. Tucson, beginning in 1880, welcomed tubercular patients, and whole neighborhoods, like Phoenix’s Sunnyslope in the 1920s, became sanctuaries for tuberculosis victims. Later, Arizona became one of the most popular states for asthmatic sufferers of all ages, who found pulmonary relief in its hospitable climate. Today, Arizona is still a destination for patients seeking renewal and recovery in its dry, warm climate, as well as for doctors and bioscience researchers, who are making the state a
national leader in health care. In addition to its many hospitals and clinics, the state boasts over four hundred seventy companies with medical labs involved in testing and research, more than two hundred seventy companies producing medical devices and equipment, and close to nine hundred bioscience firms providing more than one hundred thousand jobs in exciting biotech fields. The three major universities, conjoined with a thirty-four percent research and development tax credit, have spun off or encouraged the creation of dozens of startup bioscience companies with regional or major headquarters in Flagstaff, Tucson, and metro Phoenix.
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D I E T H R I C H H E A R T C E N T E R , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 9 0Â Cardiovascular surgeon Edward. B. Diethrich, M.D., founded the Arizona Heart Center in 1971 as one of the first independent heart health clinics in the world. Over four decades later, it is internationally recognized as a pioneering, leader in cardiovascular research, prevention, and treatment. Today, it is affiliated with Abrazo Health Care, a privately held Phoenix health provider.
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S T. LU K E ’ S SA N AT O R I U M , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 2 0 s After World War I, veterans from all branches of the armed services infected with tuberculosis and pulmonary disease were patients at St. Luke’s Sanatorium, which expanded in 1919 to accommodate up to eighty patients. Rev. Julius W. Atwood founded St. Luke’s Home in honor of his wife in 1907. It began with twelve tents in Phoenix to treat tuberculosis patients. The medical mission of today’s St. Luke’s Medical Center has been supported by the St. Luke’s Board of Visitors Charity Ball since 1915.
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H E A LT H S C I E N C E S E D U C AT I O N A L B U I L D I N G , U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A , P H O E N I X | 2 014 Completed as part of the downtown Phoenix Biomedical Campus in 2012, the University of Arizona’s Health Sciences Education Building is its primary educational and administrative building, including a learning resource center, student services, simulation laboratories, preclinical training, and gross anatomy facilities. The iconic copper-layered design is reflective of the desert geology and incorporates cutting-edge energy-reduction technology. The unique two hundred sixty-five thousand-square-foot-educational facility was designed by CO Architects and built in a joint venture by DPR/Sundt for approximately one hundred thirty-five million dollars.
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G O R D O N A . E W Y, M . D. , T U C S O N | 2 014 Gordon A. Ewy, M.D., professor emeritus of cardiology and director emeritus of the Sarver Heart Center at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, is considered one of the most distinguished cardiologists in the world. Chief of cardiology from 1991 to 2010, Ewy started his career at the university in 1971, and helped to found the department and the Resuscitation Research Group. An early researcher and developer of defibrillators and defibrillation, he is internationally recognized for his development of the Chest-Compression-Only Resuscitation technique (and for his role in a YouTube video).
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SA R V E R H E A R T C E N T E R , U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A , T U C S O N | 2 0 0 6 Founded as the University Heart Center at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in 1986, the cardiovascular medical and educational center was renamed in 1998 in honor of the Sarver Family’s generous support, led by Robert Sarver and his mother in honor of his father, Jack Sarver, who died of a heart attack in 1979. In 2000, the Sarver Heart Center opened a thirty thousand-square-foot three-story addition that is home to the College’s Medical Research Building. The center’s scientists are researching how molecular mechanisms affect heart disease, and has a research branch dedicated to studying the differences in heart disease between men and women — with one of the nation’s few endowed positions focused on researching cardiovascular disease in women.
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T R I AT H L O N , L A K E P L E A SA N T | C I R C A 19 9 8 Health care, physical fitness, wellness, and active-outdoor lifestyles are just some of the reasons that Arizona has been one of the fastest-growing states in America’s Sunbelt during the past sixty-five years. With the sun shining over eighty-five percent of the year, the Grand Canyon State’s dry climate from the desert to the mountains — including its lakes, like Lake Pleasant — attracts endurance runners and triathletes to live, train, and compete in Arizona.
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M AYO C L I N I C , S CO T T S DA L E | 2 014 With a medical heritage dating back to Dr. William Worrall Mayo opening his clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1863, Mayo Clinic is internationally renowned for its premier patient care and superior medical services. Mayo’s medical campus, including the Mayo Clinic Building, opened in Scottsdale in 1987, and since expanded to Phoenix with the Mayo Clinic Hospital. The combined Arizona medical facilities have over four hundred eighty-eight doctors and scientists, two hundred residents, fellows, and students, and over five thousand associated health staff members. In 2012, the Greater Phoenix Chamber of Commerce awarded the first IMPACT Award to Mayo as an Economic Driver for the Clinic’s 1.5 billion-dollar annual contribution to the state’s economy.
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M U H A M M A D A L I AT C E L E B R I T Y F I G H T N I G H T, P H O E N I X | 2 0 0 6 Considered by many to be the greatest boxer of all time, Muhammad Ali suffers from Parkinson’s Disease, a neurological disease that could be attributed to his decades spent as an amateur and professional boxer. Over the last twenty years, Celebrity Fight Night, one of the country’s premier charity events, has raised almost ninety-five million dollars for the Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center at Barrow Neurological Institute at St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix.
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rizona’s extreme climate has always meant residents have had to be inventive in the way they build houses, highways, and airports to withstand the desert climate. Visitors to the oldest towns in Arizona, on the Hopi Reservation, will see the earliest successful architectural innovation and adaptation to the desert still in use today: adobe. The adobe brick construction, with thick, insulated walls and small windows and doorways, kept residents cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Made from local, readily available resources, these native dwellings became a model for architects and construction engineers from the earliest
days of Arizona’s development as a territory and state. Inspired by the ancient construction techniques of the pueblo people and the use of natural resources employed by the Spanish in adobe architecture, architects like Chicago’s Frank Lloyd Wright found Arizona an open palette for expressing new design, exemplified in such structures as Wright’s Scottsdale headquarters, Taliesin West. Mary Jane Colter, employed by the Fred Harvey Company, developed an architectural style evocative of the Hopi and Spanish for travelers touring Winslow and Grand Canyon. Paralleling the innovations of Wright and Colter, retail homebuilders and construction engineers in Arizona applied affordable and thrifty building practices to the immediate needs of the rapidly growing post-World War II population. Builders such as John F. Long developed ways to construct single-family homes for returning veterans, working closely with local providers for mass-produced, inexpensive materials, such as the Thomas Brothers’ innovative Superlite block made with materials mined and quarried in Arizona. Entrepreneur Herb Owens and others created a technique to mass-manufacture roof trusses in order to efficiently meet the needs of John F. Long and Del Webb. Construction firms, such as the third-generation Mardian Contractors and Jim Chamberlain’s Sun State Builders, have adapted new methods to the changing needs of the state through decades of growth, recession, and renewal. Arizona, rebounding from the 2008 recession, is experiencing a renaissance in real estate architecture TEMPE CIT Y HALL , TEMPE | 2000s and development, with today’s designers and builders Tempe native, second-generation architect Michael Goodwin designed applying their twenty-first-century knowledge of energythe modern, environmentally advanced Tempe City Hall to be a centerpiece in the efficiency and affordable building materials to create a downtown redevelopment of Mill Avenue. An iconic municipal building, the award-winning more sustainable Arizona, now and for many decades inverted pyramid, built in 1971, was designed to shade itself in the summertime, and use solar energy to warm itself in the winter. in the future.
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W E S T WA R D H O, P H O E N I X | 2 010 The sixteen-story Westward Ho Hotel on Central Avenue in downtown Phoenix was built in 1928, and until 1960 was the tallest building in the city. From its grand opening to its closure as a hotel in 1980, the two hundred eightfoot Westward Ho was a centerpiece of commercial, social, and tourist culture in the capital city. With its signature television (now cell) tower, convention space, restaurants, bar, and commercial space, the conveniently located hotel was retired in 1980 and converted into federally subsidized affordable housing for the elderly, disabled, and mentally impaired. In 2003-2004, the building, which is on the National Register of Historic Places, received a major renovation, while its residents received the additional benefit of the Valley Metro Rail line along Central Avenue, which debuted in 2008.
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U N I V E R S I T Y O F P H O E N I X S TA D I U M , G L E N DA L E | 2 010 Arizona’s desert climate has led the state to becoming a Shangri-La for athletes and professional sports — and innovation in athletic facilities, including the University of Phoenix Stadium, one of the nation’s premier multi-use stadiums combining a retractable dome feature and grass field. After three years of construction, from 2003-2006, the 63,400-seat stadium (expandable to 72,200) became home to the NFL’s Arizona Cardinals and the Annual Tostitos Fiesta Bowl. Designed by award-winning architect Peter Eisenman, the 455 million-dollar arena was built by HOK Sport, Hunt Construction Group, and Urban Earth Design. In 2015, University of Phoenix Stadium will host Super Bowl XLIX, its second NFL championship game, and the third held in Arizona.
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P E D R O E . G U E R R E R O, F L O R E N C E | 2 0 0 5 Few architectural photographers enjoyed a career as dynamic and distinguished as Casa Grande native Pedro E. Guerrero. In 1939, Guerrero, the son of a successful sign company entrepreneur, had recently attended the Art Center School in Pasadena, California, when he was hired by Frank Lloyd Wright to be his photographer, which began his award-winning, twenty-year association with the famed architect. His much-admired work with Wright led Guerrero to becoming one of Madison Avenue’s most sought-after architectural photographers. He eventually focused his career on the lives of artists — sculptors Alexander Calder, Louise Nevelson, and others. Guerrero, who was ninety-five when he died at his home in Florence, Arizona, on September 13, 2012, is internationally regarded as one of the finest American architectural photographers.
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F R A N K L L OY D W R I G H T, C H A N D L E R | 19 2 9 In the winter of 1929, architect Frank Lloyd Wright was living with his family and colleagues in his architectural camp, Ocotilla, to construct a signature destination hotel, San Marcos in the Desert on the southeastern side of South Mountain. He had been commissioned to design and build it by enterprising City of Chandler founder Dr. A.J. Chandler. Wright, who had come to a crossroads in his career financially in 1928, had been consulting on the construction of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel, when the East Valley leader approached Wright with the idea of the hotel and seven other projects for Chandler. While the Great Depression led to the cancellation of Chandler’s additions to his city, the visions changed the course of history — and the life of Wright. In 1935, the Chicago architect returned to Chandler and the Sonoran Desert he had grown to love, eventually building his home and architecture school, Taliesin West, in Scottsdale.
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PHOENIX CIT Y HALL , PHOENIX | 2005 The architectural firm of Langdon Wilson designed Phoenix City Hall, which was built between 1992 and 1994. Located at 200 West Washington Street in downtown Phoenix, the twenty-story, 368-foot municipal center replaced the Calvin Goode Municipal Building (Old City Hall) that had been constructed in 1928. The city government of the nation’s sixth-largest city, with 1.4 million residents, is managed by a non-elected city manager, an elected mayor, and eight district-representing council members, who are elected every four years.
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G R A DY G A M M AG E M E M O R I A L AU D I T O R I U M , A R I ZO N A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y, T E M P E | 2 014 The vision of two prominent mid-twentieth-century Arizona leaders — Arizona State University President Grady Gammage and architect Frank Lloyd Wright — Grady Gammage Memorial Auditorium has been one of the state’s most influential and sophisticated multi-use entertainment venues since its debut September 18, 1964. Gammage, who was president of ASU from 1933 to 1959, directed the university during an important era of growth — from teacher’s college to university — and envisioned a state-of-the-art theater. He called his friend Wright to design an iconic auditorium. Neither leader lived to see the theater constructed, but it was built from Wright’s initial designs and sketches for a client in Baghdad, Iraq, completed by his colleague William Wesley Peters, and is the only public Wright building in Arizona.
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A R I Z O N A 3 0 3 CO N S T R U C T I O N , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 2 013 Maricopa County, home to nearly 4.3 million residents, has been one of the nation’s fastest-growing metropolitan areas for over thirty years, which was when county voters first approved a sales tax increase to fund Arizona State Highway 303 from Interstate-17 just south of West Carefree Highway to Interstate 10 near North Cotton Lane and West McDowell Road. In 2009, ground was broken on Highway 303 for the first section of the roadway from I-17 to Happy Valley Road. When completed in 2016, the Bob Stump Memorial Parkway (named in honor of the late U.S. congressman), will be a thirty-five-mile-long six-lane freeway and will economically transform the communities of Phoenix, Peoria, Sun City West, Surprise, Glendale, and Goodyear along its route.
J I M C H A M B E R L A I N , OW N E R , S U N S TAT E B U I L D E R S , T E M P E | 2 0 0 5 Sun State Builders’ owner Jim Chamberlain (above) founded the Tempe-based construction company in 1973 after four years of helping to manage the construction of McCormick Ranch for Kaiser Aetna. For forty years, Chamberlain’s company has built tens of millions of square footage in Arizona, while always staying true to his motto: “We construct buildings and friendships one job at a time.”
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H I G H WAY I N T E R C H A N G E W I T H C H A N N E L I Z E D R I V E R , P H O E N I X | 2 0 0 2 Freeway engineers designed a major public art homage to the ancient Hohokam people on the circular landscape created by the 360-degree off-ramp from the Hohokam Expressway (Arizona 143) onto Sky Harbor Boulevard into Phoenix’s Sky Harbor International Airport. Drivers and air travelers can view the Native American pottery design as they drive — and fly — in and out of the airport. The Arizona Department of Transportation has adorned numerous freeway overpasses, retaining walls, and desert landscapes in the Phoenix metropolitan area to create lasting community interest and pride in the engineering of the numerous highways that now crisscross the ever-growing Valley of the Sun.
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M A R Y JA N E CO LT E R , G R A N D C A N YO N V I L L AG E | C I R C A 19 3 5 Mary Jane Colter (right) shares her designs for Bright Angel Lodge with Anna W. Ickes, spouse of Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes (center), and Park Superintendent Miner R. Tillotson at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in 1935. Colter, one of the most noted architects of the first half of the twentieth-century, worked forty-six years for the Fred Harvey Company, designing twenty-one major projects built in association with the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway’s route from Kansas City to Los Angeles. In addition to Bright Angel Lodge, visitors to Grand Canyon National Park will discover one of the finest collections of Colter architecture: Hermit’s Rest, Hopi House, Lookout, Phantom Ranch, Watchtower. She also designed the La Posada Hotel, built in Winslow, Arizona, in 1929, which is on the National Register of Historic Places and considered one of her architectural masterpieces.
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T H E I N D I A N WAT C H T OW E R AT D E S E R T V I E W, G R A N D C A N YO N N AT I O N A L PA R K | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s Mary Jane Colter’s architectural masterpiece, Indian Watchtower at Grand Canyon National Park, is perched on the East Rim overlooking Marble Canyon. Like Hopi House at Grand Canyon Village, Colter designed the visitor center at Desert View for the Fred Harvey Company to evoke the ancient architecture of the Puebloan people of the American Southwest. Her style of using native stone and rough-hewn beams, evident in the seventy-foot tower, became known as “National Park Service Rustic.” Eleven of Colter’s buildings, including the Indian Watchtower, are on the National Register of Historic Places, five of which are National Historic Landmarks.
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M I K E O ’C A L L AG H A N – PAT T I L L M A N M E M O R I A L B R I D G E , H O OV E R DA M | 2 0 0 9 The Mike O’Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, a 1,900-foot concrete-steel composite arch bridge over the Colorado River, was opened to vehicles on October 19, 2010, after seven years of construction of the Hoover Dam Bypass of U.S. Highway 93 between Arizona and Nevada. The architectural wonder was named in honor of former Nevada Governor Mike O’Callaghan (1971-1979), and former Arizona Cardinal football player and U.S. Army soldier Pat Tillman, who was killed by friendly fire while fighting in Afghanistan. The arch, at 840 feet above the Colorado River, is the second-highest in the nation, the first concrete-steel composite arch bridge in the U.S., and the widest in the Western Hemisphere. T.Y. Lin International received numerous awards for its design of the bridge, designed and constructed to endure one of the harshest — and hottest — desert climates in the world.
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P H O E N I X H E R A L D B U I L D I N G , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 18 7 9 Pioneers who settled the Phoenix area in the 1860s and 1870s built many of the early buildings from adobe bricks, including the multipurpose Phoenix Herald newspaper building at 31-33 North Central Avenue. Prior to 1879, the adobe structure served as the office for the California and Arizona Stage Company operating between Maricopa and Prescott via Phoenix.
G O O D S A M A R I TA N H O S P I TA L CO N S T R U C T I O N , P H O E N I X | 19 7 9 Famed Chicago architect Bertrand Goldberg designed Good Samaritan Hospital’s twelve-story seven hundred twenty-bed monolithic concrete tower, in a master plan that focused on clustered patient care. Constructed between 1978 and 1982, Good Samaritan’s twelve floors were divided into four patient clusters of fifteen beds, each with its own nursing station. Today, the iconic tower is the flagship medical center for Banner Health in the Phoenix metro area.
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enturies before statehood, Spanish and Mexican ranchers built haciendas on vast Southern Arizona land grants, and the tradition of real estate serving as an important component of the economy was born. Land remains a highly valuable commodity in the Grand Canyon state, with less than eighteen percent owned privately. Fifty-four percent of the state’s land is controlled by the federal and state governments, ranking sixth-highest among states. Indian nations own an additional twenty-seven percent of Arizona. The value of this real estate is made greater by the fact that water is still a limited, valuable resource — even more so now than at the time of statehood. The complex and multifaceted history of real estate development in Arizona is tied to its commitment to creating efficient, sustainable infrastructure. The availability of water and affordable electricity made agriculture and housing initially feasible and, ultimately, comfortable, despite scorching summer temperatures. As the twenty-first century unfolds, real estate remains essential to the Arizona economy. But as recessionary setbacks during the last thirty years have shown, too much dependence on this cyclical industry leads to busts as well as booms, thus threatening the development of a sustained and diversified economy. Dwight Heard in Phoenix and other early real estate developers met the needs of the city’s twentieth-century residents; developers today serve the growing twenty-first century population by renewing neighborhoods, repurposing properties, redefining skylines, and building new communities — all with the latest energy-efficient and water-saving technologies.
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A R I Z O N A B I LT M O R E H O T E L , P H O E N I X | 19 3 0 The Arizona Biltmore Hotel, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright protégé Albert McArthur, and conceptualized by his brothers Charles and Warren, was built in 1928 in the rolling desert north of Phoenix as the state’s first resort and golf community development. After its grand opening in 1929, the Biltmore had financial difficulties, and was sold in 1930 to William Wrigley, one of its original investors. Ever since, the Biltmore has been considered one of America’s premier hotels, a destination of presidents and celebrities, including Irving Berlin, who penned “I’m Dreaming of a White Christmas,” poolside there. Today, almost nine decades later, the Biltmore is one of the grand dames of Arizona’s luxury resort hotels, known internationally for its superior service, dining, swimming, spa, and golf.
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T OV R E A C A S T L E , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 8 5 Italian immigrant and entrepreneur Alessio Carraro, with his son Leo, designed and built Tovrea Castle from 1928 to 1930. The property was envisioned as a luxury resort with the dream of the hotel and an adjacent subdivision Carraro Heights becoming a grand destination and suburb of East Phoenix. The national financial crisis caused by the Great Depression, as well as his location on East Van Buren Street near the Tovrea meat-packing plant, led to Carraro selling out to his corporate neighbors, E.A. and Della Tovrea, in 1932. Della lived in the castle until her death in 1969. Since November 2011, the City of Phoenix Parks and Recreation Board has contracted with the Tovrea Carraro Society, a nonprofit group, to manage the daily operations of Tovrea Castle at Carraro Heights as a historical landmark — a lesson that not all dreams result in financial success.
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S U P E R L I T E B L O C K / H AV E R H O U S E , P H O E N I X | 2 014 The Thomas Brothers of Texas came to Arizona in the 1940s and realized that post-World War II homebuilders needed an inexpensive building block to keep up with the affordable housing needs of returning veterans. Coach Thomas, Bill Thomas, and Gilbert Olson started Builders Supply Corporation with thirty-five hundred dollars. Their invention was the Superlite concrete block, made from sand, Portland cement, and perlite from a mine in California. They soon replaced the California perlite with volcanic scoria from a quarry near Flagstaff. Their insulating, lightweight blocks would transform the Arizona construction industry, and by 1965, eighty-five percent of all walls constructed in the state were built of Superlite blocks. One architect, Ralph Haver, favored the use of decorative Superlite block, creating numerous designs with the block company for his economical suburban homes, some as small as nine hundred square feet. Superlite blocks allowed Haver to build affordable homes with a modern flair, which are today considered some of the finest examples of modern mid-century architecture in the Phoenix metropolitan area. J O H N F. L O N G , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s The son of German immigrants, Phoenix native and World War II veteran John F. Long had endured hard times during the Great Depression, including the death of his father, the loss of the family business, and many years of hard work on the family farm. Before being drafted into the Army Air Corps after Pearl Harbor, he even rode the rails looking for work during America’s hardest times. When he came home from his years in the service as an engine mechanic on B-17 and B-24 bombers, he married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Tolmachoff. With a housing shortage in the Phoenix area, Long and Mary built their first home for four thousand dollars. They sold it for a profit and, after after three years of building and selling many more homes, Mary finally got to live in one home and John F. Long’s legendary career as a builder of affordable houses in well-planned subdivisions had been born.
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M A R Y VA L E H O M E S , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s Named in honor of his wife Mary, Maryvale was John F. Long’s visionary subdivision that transformed West Phoenix with affordable, suburban housing beginning in 1954. Long’s three-bedroom, two-bath homes with a swimming pool could be purchased for under ten thousand dollars. The fifty-six-square-mile neighborhood, which stretches from Thirty-fifth Avenue to Eighty-seventh Avenue and from Camelback Road to Interstate 10, has gone through numerous demographic changes over the decades, including an era when crime and gangs blighted its storied memory. Today, with hard work by community leaders, in association with the Phoenix Police Department and Arizona State University’s College of Human Services’ Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety, Maryvale’s neighborhoods and schools are slowly rebounding economically, while the city and schools are working diligently to reduce crime and improve educational and employment opportunities in the historic 1950s suburb.
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T R A I L E R SA L E S , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s Whether a first home, a second home, or a recreational vehicle that could be moved from the desert to the mountains in the heat of the summer, sales of trailers and affordable mobile homes helped to transform the Phoenix metropolitan area after World War II. Since 1945, thousands of retirees, seasonal “snowbirds,” and other newcomers attracted to the Valley of the Sun’s climate, lifestyle, and growth-oriented economy have embraced the prefabricated-home lifestyle, living seasonally or year-round in mobile home communities throughout the metropolitan area. Recreational vehicles also have remained popular with tourists and residents alike, allowing owners to take their home on the road to explore the natural wonders of Arizona and the West.
G O L D C A N YO N G O L F R E S O R T, A PAC H E J U N C T I O N | 2 014 Nestled in the beautiful Sonoran Desert foothills of the Superstition Mountains, Gold Canyon Golf Resort and its two world-class golf courses, Dinosaur Mountain and Sidewinder, has spawned the growth of the unincorporated Pinal County community. Upscale Gold Canyon communities stand in contrast to the historic image of Apache Junction as the “trailer” capital of Arizona.
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D OW N T OW N S CO T T S DA L E D E V E L O P M E N T, S CO T T S DA L E | 2 0 0 5 The city of Scottsdale’s transformation into a winter destination resort community began steadily after World War II with the development of downtown into a Western-themed shopping and arts district that blossomed off Main Street and Fifth Avenue, respectively, between Osborn and Camelback roads. Scottsdale grew and developed northward along Scottsdale and Hayden roads during the 1970s and 1980s while Indian Bend Wash was developed and downtown Scottsdale grew as well, with Scottsdale Fashion Square and the nearby resorts becoming year-round destinations. Since the 1990s, Scottsdale has grown exponentially, and downtown has been developed twice over. The city’s centerpiece (above) along the Arizona Canal, boasts numerous boutique-style restaurants and hotels, new high-rise, urban condominium and apartment complexes, and a resort atmosphere, second to none in the state.
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D C R A N C H , S CO T T S DA L E | 2 014 Founded in 1895 by Dr. W.B. Crosby, who registered the DC brand, DC Ranch was later sold to E.O. Brown and his wife, Mary. A leading businessman and rancher in the little ranching community of Scottsdale, E.O. and his son, E.E. “Brownie,” expanded the ranch to forty-three thousand acres, with a new partner, businessman Kemper Marley. After the passing of Brownie and his wife, Goldie, the legendary DC Ranch was split up amongst heirs, and most of the land was purchased by Marley and eventually sold to developers. DC Ranch was developed into a planned community of luxurious homes and golf courses in four residential villages and twenty-five neighborhoods in North Scottsdale, expanding the city to the edge of Tonto National Forest. In the spirit of preservation, the heirs and the developer, DMB Associates, Inc., sold four thousand six hundred acres to the City of Scottsdale for the McDowell Sonoran Preserve.
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O. S . S TA P L E Y H A R DWA R E B U I L D I N G O N G R A N D AV E N U E , P H O E N I X | 2 014 O.S. (Orley Seymour) Stapley, an entrepreneurial Mesa merchant, started his first hardware store in 1895. Stapley had the federal contract to supply all the hardware needs for the 1906 to 1911 construction of Roosevelt Dam. In 1917, he built his company’s second hardware building on lower Grand Avenue. It was strategically located along one of the oldest commercial roads in Phoenix (the future transcontinental U.S. Highway 60), which runs diagonally from the territorial communities along the Salt River to the mining boomtown of Wickenburg. Today, Grand Avenue’s historic and neglected storefronts, including the O.S. Stapley Hardware building, are being revitalized in a grassroots neighborhood effort by the Grand Avenue Merchants Association Association, which plans to repurpose the historic road’s downtown block into the Grand Avenue Arts and Business District.
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GHOST R ANCH, TUCSON | 2005 An iconic symbol of bygone motor hotels and tourist stops in Tucson, Ghost Ranch Lodge & Restaurant, with its eight Mexican-style casitas was built in 1941 on Miracle Mile Road on the northern edge of the city. The lodge combined an upscale resort feel with the desert and the spirit of a dude ranch with the affordability of a motel. After fifty years, Ghost Ranch fell into disrepair and closed; it remained vacant until its 2009-2011 rehabilitation by Atlantic Development & Investments, Inc., into attractive, affordable housing for the physically disabled and low-income seniors. The restoration was a victory for local preservationists who were able to save Swiss-architect Josias Joesler’s lodge, and the neon sign with the cattle-skull logo designed by artist Georgia O’Keeffe.
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W E S T 6T H , T E M P E | 2 014 Just west of Arizona State University in close proximity to University and Mill Avenue in downtown Tempe, the West 6th condominium towers are symbolic of the economic turnaround occurring in Tempe and the Valley five years after the Great Recession. Originally known as the Centerpoint Condominiums, the towers, costing one hundred thirty-five million and one hundred eighty million dollars, went bankrupt in 2008. In 2011, the Zaremba Group purchased them for thirty million dollars, began renting both towers that year, turning one of the most visible failures of the recession into a viable and successful example of urban living.
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P O R T L A N D P L AC E , P H O E N I X | 2 0 0 8 Reflective of the new urbanism of the Roosevelt Historic and Arts District of Downtown Phoenix, Portland Place was developed in 2007. The luxury complex has fifty-four condominiums in a self-contained six-story, three-building community with a resort-style fitness center and swimming pool, private underground parking, and easy access to the city’s cultural amenities, the downtown campuses of Arizona State University and the University of Arizona, and nearby Margaret T. Hance Park. In the summer of 2014, developers announced plans for the construction of Phase II of Portland Place, which will add three new towers, from four to fourteen floors, with one hundred seventy condominium and loft units. The towers will be known as Portland Park, and construction will be completed in 2016.
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M E R I TAG E H O M E S , S CO T T S DA L E | 2 014 Since Steven J. Hilton founded Meritage Homes in Scottsdale in 1985, the “Fortune 1000� high-revenue company has built over seventy-five thousand homes in nine states. From its Monterey Homes to its active-adult developments in Arizona, Meritage is recognized for superior sustainable construction and craftsmanship in its communities from coast to coast. Meritage is also well-known for its All-Star Miracle Home Giveaway program, which has provided millions of dollars in donations for pediatric hospitals.
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M I R AC L E M I L E , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s The first Miracle Mile cafeteria-style delicatessen opened at Park Central Mall on Central Avenue in 1954 after Jack Grodzinsky’s Miracle Mile at Sixteenth Street and McDowell Road was destroyed in a fire. Named for the business district along McDowell east of downtown, Miracle Mile began in 1949 when Grodzinsky came to Arizona and bought his first restaurant, Pat’s Diner. Sixty-five years later, George and Jill Garcia (who met while working at the Christown Mall location), began operating the popular delicatessen in 1981. Today, their son Joel manages Miracle Mile at Colonnade Mall, where they still serve over eight thousand pounds of pastrami a month.
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rom five-star restaurants tucked into Paradise Valley in the shadow of Camelback Mountain, to family-owned Mexican eateries located in virtually every neighborhood, Arizona restaurants provide an increasingly wide variety of cultural choices for customers to enjoy. Long before Daniel Contreras served up his first Sonoran hot dog at El Guero Canelo’s in Tucson and master chef Vincent Guerithault infused French cuisine with the flavors of the Southwest at his restaurant on Camelback Road, hungry passengers riding the Santa Fe Railway across Northern Arizona enjoyed hot, home-cooked meals served at America’s first chain of restaurants
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B I L L J O H N S O N ’ S B I G A P P L E R E S TAU R A N T, P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s Restaurant entrepreneurs Bill and Gene Johnson started serving their style of Southern meets Southwestern home cooking to local residents and travelers at Bill Johnson’s Big Apple Restaurant at 3757 East Van Buren Avenue in 1956. Bill Johnson was a showman and even had his own radio station in his restaurant to promote his wife, Gene’s barbecue. The popular restaurant once had five locations, but today has retreated to its original store, a victim of changing tastes and new, enterprising chefs.
developed by Fred Harvey, an English immigrant and restaurant entrepreneur in the 1880s. When homesteaders began building towns in territorial Arizona, one of the earliest businesses was Phoenix’s Chop House restaurant which served fresh oysters, day or night, beginning in 1880. Since those rough and rowdy frontier days, Arizona’s foodand-drink industry has grown to define the spirit of the state and the diversity of its residents. Restaurateurs increasingly embrace sustainable practices of serving healthful food and drink grown, raised, and distilled by local farms, wineries, and breweries. Residents and tourists can count on originality and variety on the
creative restaurant menus found throughout the state. Arizona is home to famous stand-alone restaurants like Durant’s, Tarbell’s, and El Charro Cafe, as well as local chains known nationally, such as Macayo’s, Pei-Wei Asian Diner, P.F. Chang’s China Bistro, and Cold Stone Creamery. Currently, Arizona registers over 10.5 billion dollars in restaurant revenues, with annually every dollar spent creating ninety cents in sales for the local economy. Job growth in the next ten years in the food-and-beverage industry is projected at 15.9 percent, with over three hundred thousand Arizonans employed in the restaurant business by 2023.
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M A R K TA R B E L L , TA R B E L L’ S , P H O E N I X | 2 014 Mark Tarbell, who trained at the l’Acadamie du Vin and earned the Grande Diplome d’Etude Culinaire degree from La Verenne Ecole du Cuisine, began his wine career in Arizona at age twenty-three, as the youngest food and beverage director of a five-star resort, the Boulders in Carefree. In 1994, Mark opened his world-class, award-winning gourmet restaurant, Tarbell’s, at Thirty-second Street and Camelback Road. For the past twenty years, he has been one of the most respected chefs and wine experts in the nation. Tarbell was an early supporter of Arizona’s growing wine industry, which has expanded across the state the past two decades.
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F L AG S TA F F B R E W I N G CO M PA N Y, F L AG S TA F F | 2 014 Founded in 1994, Flagstaff Brewing Company is one of the state’s most successful interpretations of the local brew-pub industry. Local and regional micro-breweries have gained prominence across the United States since the 1980s as America’s taste for higher-quality beers, ales, and stouts has expanded parallel to the nation’s interest in better wines and spirits. The farm-to-table and organic food movement also has fueled the economic demand for locally produced food and beverages, with a growing portion of the consumer base wanting to know exactly where their food was grown and how it was processed.
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C R A I G D e M A R CO, J OY R I D E TACO H O U S E , P H O E N I X | 2 014 Joyride Taco House in central Phoenix is Craig DeMarco’s latest Upward Projects restaurant, founded with (from left) Craig, his wife, Kris DeMarco, and partners Lauren Bailey and Wyatt Bailey. DeMarco, who started working in restaurants as a teen, is responsible for some of the most innovative neighborhood restaurants developed in the Valley in the last decade: Postino, Windsor, Federal Pizza, Chelsea’s Kitchen, and LeGrande Orange. One of the guiding forces behind DeMarco’s success is his dedication to neighborhood renewal and setting the trend in repurposing landmark buildings into new eateries and bistros.
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P. F. C H A N G ’ S C H I N A B I S T R O, S CO T T S DA L E | 2 014 Enterprising restaurant entrepreneurs Paul Fleming and Philip Chiang opened the first P.F. Chang’s at Scottsdale Fashion Square in 1993. Over twenty years later the popular modern Asian cuisine restaurant has expanded to two hundred locations across the nation and the world, including sixteen foreign countries in North and South America and Asia. Fleming, who had successfully started Ruth’s Chris Steak House, had been a frequent visitor to Philip Chiang’s West Hollywood Mandarette restaurant. When Fleming had the idea to start a Chinese restaurant after moving to Scottsdale, he invited Chiang to consult on the concept. Today, co-founder Chiang remains a culinary consultant to assure the menu remains true to the spirit of the vision of the restaurant, while Fleming continues to pursue new enterprises in restaurants, including Paul Martin’s American Grill, Fleming’s Prime Steakhouse and Wine Bar, and Pei Wei Asian Diner.
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Q U E E N C R E E K O L I V E M I L L , Q U E E N C R E E K | 2 014 Detroit residents Perry and Brenda Rea discovered their interest in Arizona during a winter visit in 1997. They were intrigued by the abundance of olive trees growing in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Perry, the son of Italian immigrants, and Brenda were inspired by the possibility of relocating to Arizona and starting an olive oil business. In 1998, they moved their growing family to Queen Creek and planted a thousand olive trees on one hundred acres. They added a five-thousand-square-foot barn in which to press and produce their extra virgin olive oil. Two years later they expanded their business, offered a greater selection of products, and a small café, making the Mill an agriturismo experience — a destination for residents and tourists to enjoy a local food market experience. Today, it’s known as the Queen Creek Olive Mill. Recently, the Reas have added three retail stores, expanding access and distribution of their signature locally grown and produced farm products and extra virgin olive oil. V I N C E N T G U E R I T H AU LT, V I N C E N T O N C A M E L B AC K , P H O E N I X | 2 014 French-trained restaurant owner and Chef Vincent Guerithault opened his signature world-renowned, four-star restaurant, Vincent on Camelback, at 3930 East Camelback Road, in 1986. For three decades, Guerithault has applied his knowledge of French cooking to create a new Southwestern cuisine, which continues to influence restaurateurs across the region. He has received numerous awards, including the Citation of Excellence from the International Food & Wine Society, the James Beard award as America’s Best Chef: Southwest, and the Chevalier de L’Ordre du Merite Agricole from the Republic of France. Vincent has since added to his primary restaurant the popular (seasonal) Camelback Marketplace, Vincent’s Market Bistro, The Bleu Lounge, and his daily breakfast and lunch catering business, Vincent Van Go.
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DA N I E L CO N T R E R A S , E L G Ăœ E R O C A N E L O, T U C S O N | 2 0 0 7 Owner and founder Daniel Contreras opened his first hot dog stand in Tucson in 1993. Since then his legendary Sonoran Dog has developed an international following that has led entrepreneur Contreras to open two more restaurants and a meat market in Tucson, as well as a tortilla factory in his hometown of Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico.
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CO P P E R S TA R CO F F E E S H O P, P H O E N I X | 2 012 Opened in 2009 by owner Bill Sendweg on Seventh Avenue in Phoenix’s historic Melrose District in a former gas station, Copper Star Coffee reflects Sendweg’s mission of being a neighborly, local coffee shop in a repurposed building. His goal is to serve great coffee, make a living, and revitalize a Phoenix neighborhood.
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M U S E U M C LU B , F L AG S TA F F | 2 0 0 7 At one time the Museum Club, the famous Route 66 dance hall and restaurant, was the largest log cabin in Arizona and a roadside tourist attraction. Built in 1931 by Dean Eldredge as a tourist stop to see his taxidermied creatures, the building became a dance hall in 1939. Nicknamed “the Zoo” by locals for the stuffed animals that decorate the building, the Museum Club has hosted decades of legendary country stars, including Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings, under its neon-red marquee. Seventy-five years later, current owner Braydn Tullis still showcases local, regional, and national acts, and is dedicated to the club’s motto to “give them something to talk about.”
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WO O DY ’ S M AC AYO M E X I C A N F O O D, P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 6 0 s In 1946, when Woody Johnson came home from World War II, he opened his first restaurant, Woody’s El Nido at 34 West McDowell Road, serving his high school sweetheart, Victoria’s, signature recipes. The next year they opened the first Macayo’s Mexican Food at 4001 North Central Avenue, which has been serving home-style Mexican food ever since. With fourteen Macayo’s Mexican Kitchen restaurants in Arizona and two in Nevada, the Johnson family remains dedicated to local charities and the ideals of a community-based restaurant. The Johnsons also own the Fiesta Farm and Canning Company in McNeal, now the country’s third-largest producer of green chiles.
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T U C S O N R E A LT Y & T R U S T CO. , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 2 0 s On December 22, 1911, Tucson Realty & Trust Co., opened its doors for business in Arizona Territory’s largest city with a young office boy, George Amos, on staff. More than a century later, George H. “Hank” Amos III, is the third-generation Amos to own and manage Tucson Realty & Trust, a full service commercial real estate brokerage company serving clients — across the Southwest, Northern Mexico, and around the globe — who invest in Arizona’s real estate market.
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VA L L E Y N AT I O N A L B A N K , P H O E N I X | 19 7 0 From 1958 to 1972, the signature Valley National Bank of Arizona rotating neon sign (designed by Glen Guyett) atop the Professional Building was among the most recognized and respected corporate logos in the state. Valley National began in Solomonville as Isadore Solomon’s Gila Valley Bank in 1900. From 1900 to 1922, Gila Valley Bank merged and consolidated into The Valley Bank and Trust Company, operating until 1935, when the Phoenix-based bank purchased Tucson’s Consolidated Bank and it became Valley National Bank of Arizona. With its statewide presence, Valley National, led by President Walter Bimson, became synonymous with the state’s economic expansion after World War II. In 1992, after almost a century as an Arizona bank, Valley National Bank merged with Bank One and in 2004 merged with J.P. Morgan Chase, creating the largest bank in the U.S.
retail businesses like Goldwater’s, Babbitt’s of Flagstaff, AJ Bayless, Basha’s, and Discount Tire are examples of family businesses that came to be synonymous with their communities. Service industries such as accounting, law, and financial services have been meeting Arizonans’ needs from the earliest days of the territory. In the decades after statehood, banks, including Consolidated Bank of Tucson and Valley National Bank of Phoenix, partnered with every sector of the economy to help fuel the state’s growth. Real estate development, another service industry, has
driven the state’s economy from early on, with companies such as Tucson Realty & Trust in business since 1911. As Arizona builds toward its future, having rebounded from the 2008 Great Recession, retail and service industries remain a key part of the economy. More than 2.2 million residents are involved in a service industry, and over three hundred thousand comprise the retail workforce. The future of a healthy retail sector will be closely tied to a strong production-based economy that builds wealth and fosters a middle class with money to spend.
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CO N S O L I DAT E D N AT I O N A L B A N K T E L L E R , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 10 s Consolidated National Bank of Tucson was originally The Pima County Bank, the city’s first bank founded in the early 1870s. Through a series of mergers, it became Consolidated in the 1890s. When Mary Hughston (above) was an employee of the bank in the early decades of the twentieth century, Consolidated built a series of banks on Congress Street with a popular Corinthian design. In 1929, the bank opened the first skyscraper in Tucson. The ten-story Italian Renaissance Revival-style building at Stone Avenue and Congress Street included a lobby with numerous neoclassical motifs and murals, and a first-floor mezzanine with crystal chandeliers and paneling of Bataan mahogany. Los Angeles-based architects Percy A. Eisen and Albert R. Walker designed the tower that became known as the Valley National Bank building after Consolidated merged with the Phoenix bank in 1935. The tower is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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A P P L E S T O R E , S CO T T S DA L E | 2 014 The Apple Store at the Scottsdale Quarter, a twenty-eight-acre mixed-use city district at Scottsdale Road and Greenway-Hayden Loop, is representative of the growth in North Scottsdale near the Scottsdale Municipal Airport and Loop 101. The Glimcher Realty Trust developed the high-end, open-air center across from Kierland Commons, creating one of the largest “lifestyle destination� retail districts in the state.
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G O L DWAT E R ’ S , PA R K C E N T R A L M A L L , P H O E N I X | 19 57 In 1957, Goldwater’s moved its flagship store from downtown to Phoenix’s Park Central Mall at Osborn Road and Central Avenue. Baron Goldwater’s original Goldwater Department Store, which opened in March 1896, would transform the territorial capital with the latest New York and European fashions following the family’s store motto, “The Best Always.” For the next six decades, Goldwater’s was a commercial centerpiece of Phoenix’s downtown until a major economic and community shift occurred in the city after World War II: suburban growth channeled businesses to open-air malls and retail centers dispersed throughout the metro area closer to new subdivisions. The store’s move to Park Central, developed as the city’s first shopping mall, by Ralph and A.J. Burgbacher on the forty-six-acre Central Avenue Dairy site, was symbolic of Phoenix’s rapid makeover during the second half of the twentieth century into one of the fastest-growing Sunbelt cities in the nation.
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A . J . B AY L E S S B R E A K I N G G R O U N D, P H O E N I X | 194 8 Wearing his signature hat and ceremonial plow in hand, A.J. Bayless led a major expansion of his grocery store business across the Valley after World War II. Bayless followed in the footsteps of his father, J.B. Bayless, who had opened his first grocery store in Phoenix in 1917 and sold his chain in 1929. After Pearl Harbor and four years in the U.S. Navy, Bayless returned to Phoenix and began building grocery stores in neighborhood strip malls built conveniently near new suburban subdivisions. At the time of his death in 1967, Bayless had expanded to forty-seven stores. He had also diversified his business into many sectors, including his Big “B” Drug Stores, and he’d added numerous innovations, such as in-store bakeshops and banking.
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H E R B OW E N S , E L G R A N M E R C A D O, P H O E N I X | 2 0 0 5 Herb Owens began his business, Precision Components, Inc., in the early 1960s, with one hundred acres of pasture land along the railroad at Thirty-fifth Avenue and Buckeye Road. The lumber company changed how homes were built with its prefabricated truss business, which manufactured, packaged, delivered, and installed the trusses for the rapidly growing home market in Arizona. Over the following five decades, Owens has expanded his unloading, warehousing, and trucking services facilitated by the two railroad lines bisecting his property. For twenty years, Owens also owned and operated El Gran Mercado (above), which at its height, served 1.5 million customers a year, mostly from the immigrant Mexican community. He is also a rancher and former operator of Turf Paradise Race Course.
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R O N S TA D T S H A R DWA R E S T O R E , T U C S O N | 1947 Federico Jose Maria Ronstadt, born in Las Delicias, Sonora, Mexico, in 1868, arrived in Tucson in 1882 to apprentice in the Dalton and Vasquez Wagon Shop. He started F. Ronstadt Wagon and Carriage Company in 1888, quickly becoming the largest wagon-making business in the region. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Ronstadt sold cars and adapted his wagon business into the F. Ronstadt Hardware and Machinery Company. Ronstadt became a leading citizen of Tucson, contributing greatly to its cultural and economic development until his death in 1954. Fred was also very musical, starting the Club Filarmónico de Tucson in 1889, later sharing his passion for music with his daughter Luisa Espinel and granddaughter, Grammy Award-winner and Rock ‘n’ Roll Hall of Fame-inductee, Linda Ronstadt.
B A B B I T T B R O T H E R S T R A D I N G P O S T, F L AG S TA F F | 19 2 0 In 1886, David, George, William, Charles, and Edward Babbitt started the C.O. Bar Ranch near Flagstaff, a prominent family ranch still in operation nearly one hundred thirty years later. In 1889, the brothers founded a successful mercantile in downtown Flagstaff near the new transcontinental Santa Fe Railway, followed by their venture into the Indian trading post business in 1891, which included trade with the Apache, Hopi, and Navajo tribes. The Curio Room at the Babbitt store in downtown Flagstaff was a showcase for Arizona tribal baskets, crafts, jewelry, pottery, and rugs. Over a century later, Babbitt’s Wholesale maintains its contract with Pendleton Woolen Mills as a wholesale and retail distributor in Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico.
J O E DAV I S , J O E ’ S B A R B E R S H O P, M E SA | 2 0 0 5 Retail services anchor Arizona’s communities and barber Joe Davis (above, left, standing), ninety-three years old, has been servingthe hair-styling needs of Arizonans since 1940. After thirty-one years of barbering in Wickenburg and Las Vegas, Davis settled into his current shop at 638 University Drive, which he still owns and operates, nearly seventy-five years after serving his first patron with a smile and a story.
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T H O M A S B R O T H E R S , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 194 0 s Coach and Bill Thomas moved to Arizona from Texas in the 1940s to start a Mobil service station at Ninth and Van Buren streets. Like many successful entrepreneurs, the Thomas brothers had the ability to adapt good business principals to a totally new line and they ultimately became a leader in masonry block construction in Arizona in the 1950s via Superlite Building Supply Company.
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CO U R I E R G R A P H I C S , P H O E N I X | 2 0 0 3 Darrel Smith, a professional printer from Canada, founded Courier Graphics in 1976. He opened the doors with a single sheet-fed press and from this simple beginning grew his business into one of the largest in the state. After twenty years, Smith handed the reins of the company to his daughter, Pam Carritt, who had worked with him for decades with the same philosophy toward printing-excellence and customer satisfaction. Today, Courier Graphics has one hundred thousand square feet of facilities with the latest technology and highly trained staff managing their web and sheet-fed presses. Darrel explained his success very simply: “We always deliver what we told the customer we would.”
T H E DAV I S E X P E R I E N C E , T E M P E | 2 0 0 7 Mike Davis’s journey started over three decades ago when he realized his dream of earning his architecture degree and was licensed in Arizona and California. Since 1991, he has pursued his professional goals locally, nationally, and internationally, but his design legacy is greatest in the the Phoenix area where The DAVIS Experience has helped create many signature projects including Tempe’s Hayden Ferry Lakeside and 100 Mill Avenue, Phoenix’s Camelback Esplanade and Portland Place; Glendale’s Westgate; and Scottsdale’s Promenade.
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T R E G B R A D L E Y, OW N E R , A M E R I C A N AG R I T E C H A N D A R T P H I L A N T H R O P I S T, S CO T T S DA L E | 2 0 0 8 Treg Bradley, who grew up in Gilbert with a love of gardening, turned his passion into profit with his Chandler-based company American Agritech, LLC. He developed and patented hydroponic self-watering pottery, home vertical watering systems, and organic fertilizers. Subsidiaries of American Agritech include Botanicare Plant Energy Products and Sea of Green Hydrogardens, retail stores with locations in Phoenix, Tempe, and Flagstaff. Bradley is a major supporter of local businesses and artists, including Fausto Fernandez and Randy Slack, whose Mona Citrus (above) graces Bradley’s home art collection in Scottsdale.
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M I LU M T E X T I L E S E R V I C E S O N S E V E N T H AV E N U E , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s Founded in 1925 as Phoenix Laundry and Dry Cleaning, the profitable industrial laundry business was purchased by Boyd Milum in 1956. Housed in a historic twentieth-century brick building with a rare wood lamella roof structure, Milum Textiles continues as a family-owned business that anchors a downtown neighborhood with over one hundred employees. Milum employs environmentally anchored practices that use the least amount of water of any industrial washers in the state. Milum has also worked closely with the health-care industry since 1958 and, in addition to providing linen services, is also the state’s leader in medical waste management.
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L O U G R U B B , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 7 0 s Entrepreneur auto dealer Lou Grubb opened his first automotive store in 1972 after working in automobile sales for over two decades after coming to Phoenix in 1945. By the time Grubb sold his business to AutoNation in 1997, the affable auto dealer had become a household name through his commercials, fair business practices, and his generosity to local charities, especially Phoenix’s Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center.
M E SA D I S CO U N T, M E SA | 19 6 5 In 1946, Lewis S. and Rose Moses founded Mesa Supermarket. In 1965, ten years after the grocery store was founded, it was converted to a general emporium, Mesa Discount, the same year the sons, Lewis (left) and Sam (right) started managing the family business. Today, Mesa TV & Appliance is celebrating nearly seventy years in Mesa and fifty years as an appliance store, an anchor merchant in the East Valley suburban city’s downtown.
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B I LT M O R E FA S H I O N PA R K , P H O E N I X | 2 0 0 6 When Phoenix adopted an urban village philosophy for master planning in 1979 and it was approved in the city’s General Plan in 1985, the Biltmore village core of Twenty-fourth Street and Camelback Road, with Biltmore Fashion Park on the northeast corner, was designated as one of fourteen neighborhood centers in the urban plan. Three decades later, the upscale Biltmore retail, hotel, restaurant, entertainment, and commercial district is second only to downtown economically, socially, and culturally in impact on the city’s overall economy.
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n November 4, 2001, when the Arizona Diamondbacks baseball team won the World Series at Bank One Ballpark (Chase Field) in just its fourth season — a record for Major League Baseball — Arizona had achieved its most significant first in the world of athletics. Since that jubilant day, the professional — and amateur — sports industry has continued to grow in the state, making it one of the most important, and globally visible, industries in Arizona. With more than three hundred days of sunshine a year, Arizona’s climate is a prime reason the state is a recreation, sports, and entertainment hub. The varied topography allows the adventurous to snow ski on one day and water ski the next. Virtually every game, sport, or recreational activity flourishes in the state. Golf contributes over 3.4 billion dollars to the recreation economy, while birding adds 1.4 billion dollars, and hunting and fishing inject another 1.3 billion dollars toward the state’s bottom line. Professional, college, high school, club, youth, master, and senior sports have blossomed. The Valley of the Sun has teams representing all the major professional sports, including the Phoenix Suns and Phoenix Mercury basketball, Arizona Cardinals football, Arizona Diamondbacks baseball, and Phoenix Coyotes hockey teams. Arizona also hosts major seasonal sporting events, including NASCAR at Phoenix International Raceway; the Waste Management Phoenix Open; the NBA All Star Game; the NBA All Star Game; the Fiesta Bowl; the NFL’s Super Bowl; and Major League Baseball’s spring Cactus League. These contribute over six hundred million dollars annually to the state’s economy.
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A R I Z O N A B R E W I N G CO M PA N Y P H O E N I X A -1 Q U E E N S , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 194 0 s Before air conditioning became standard in Arizona households in the 1950s, women’s fast-pitch softball was one of the most popular sports across the state. From the 1930s to the 1950s, Arizona fielded national championship teams, including the arch rival A-1 Queens in 1949 (former Arizona Governor Rose Mofford’s team), the Arizona Funk Gems in 1950, and the Arizona Ramblers, who won national championships in 1940 (the first of any sport for Arizona), and again in 1948, and 1949. Softball Hall of Fame member Dot Wilkinson earned amateur All-American status nineteen times while playing for the Ramblers. The A-1 Brewery, which operated from 1933 to 1964, reached its height of popularity in the late 1940s and 1950s, but was sold to Carlings, who tried in the 1970s to revive the A-1 brand, but failed. Today, Arizona has over fifty craft brewers, including Nimbus Brewing Company of Tucson, which revived A-1 for a short time beginning in 2010, but it is currently not being brewed.
ZO R A F O L L E Y, P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s Boxer Zora Folley, with manager Bill Swift (right), grew up in Chandler after his family moved to Arizona from Dallas, in 1942. After joining the U.S. Army in 1948, he discovered his skills in the boxing ring, winning the 6th Army championship in 1949. A decorated veteran of the Korean War, Folley returned home in 1953 and pursued a career as a professional boxer. A top contender in the late 1950s after seventeen victories with one loss and one draw, he lost a major bout in England that prevented him from challenging the heavyweight champion Floyd Patterson in 1958. Folley’s career ended in 1970 but not before he had a shot at the championship belt against Muhammad Ali in 1967. He retired in 1970 with a career of seventy-two wins (forty-three by knockout), eleven losses, and six draws.
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A R I Z O N A V E T E R A N S M E M O R I A L CO L I S E U M , P H O E N I X | 19 6 5 Known as the “Madhouse on McDowell” during the Phoenix Suns’ 1968 to 1992 tenure in Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, the Arizona Exposition and State Fair Board’s 14,870-seat stadium was the state’s largest indoor venue when it debuted in November 1965. A commercial and cultural crossroads for generations of Arizonans, for nearly a half-century the Coliseum, with its iconic saddle-shaped roof, remains a symbol of the state and the Phoenix metropolitan area’s growth into a major American city in the 1960s. On the first-year anniversary of the Coliseum’s debut (the Ice Follies hosted by Bob Hope), the stadium’s managers actually burned a twenty-five-foot candle on the roof of the cake-shaped building, starting a leaky-roof issue that would plague the Coliseum for decades.
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J I M B R O C K A N D A S U S U N D E V I L S B A S E B A L L T E A M , T E M P E | 19 9 0 From 1972 to 1994, Arizona State University’s baseball Head Coach Jim Brock (left) managed the Sun Devils to an 1100-440 win-loss record, thirteen College World Series appearances, two CWS Championships in 1977 and 1981. A Phoenix native, Brock was NCAA Coach of the Year in 1977, 1981, 1984, and 1988, Pac-10 Conference Coach of the Year five times, and was posthumously inducted into the College Baseball Hall of Fame in 1995. Brock was greatly admired by his players as a coach and mentor, guiding one hundred seventy-five players to their dream of playing professional baseball. He died of cancer at the age of fifty-seven in 1994 three days after coaching his beloved Sun Devils in his final game at the College World Series.
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F R A N K K U S H , A R I ZO N A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y, T E M P E | C I R C A 19 6 0 s Arizona State University hired Frank Kush (left) as its head football coach following the 1957 season, when his predecessor and mentor Dan Devine left for the University of Missouri. Kush, who was an All-American defensive lineman at Michigan State when Devine was an assistant coach for the Spartans, started his career at ASU in 1955 as an assistant line coach. Kush was the head coach at ASU from 1958 to 1979, amassing a record of 176-54-1, and nine conference championships, two in the Border Conference, and seven in the Western Athletic Conference. Kush was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995, and in 1996, the Pennsylvania native who made ASU a household name from coast-to-coast was honored by the university when the field at Sun Devil Stadium was renamed “Frank Kush Field.”
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S U N D E V I L S TA D I U M , A R I ZO N A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y, T E M P E | 2 013 On October 4, 1958, first-year Head Coach Frank Kush led his team onto the field (now named in his honor) of Sun Devil Stadium to play West Texas State and defeated them 16-13. For twenty-one more seasons, Kush would lead the Sun Devils and Arizona State University into national headlines through his team’s success on the gridiron. ASU’s football stadium has been enlarged and renovated several times, increasing its thirty thousand seats to a capacity of 74,865 following the football team’s first Rose Bowl appearance in 1987. The stadium has hosted many events, including rock concerts, Pope John Paul II in 1987, Super Bowl XXX in 1996, the Fiesta Bowl from 1971 through 2006, and was the NFL’s Arizona Cardinals’ home field from 1988 to 2005. In 2014, the university began a three hundred million-dollar renovation promising to refresh what was a symbol of the university’s rise to prominence in the 1960s, when Frank Kush, ASU, and the Sun Devil football team were the greatest team in town.
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J E R R Y CO L A N G E L O, OW N E R , A R I Z O N A D I A M O N D B AC K S , B A N K O N E B A L L PA R K , P H O E N I X | 19 9 6 Jerry Colangelo’s arrival in Arizona in 1968 to manage the National Basketball Association’s expansion franchise, the Phoenix Suns began one of the single greatest relationships between an individual entrepreneur, a city, and a state. Colangelo, who became the owner of the Suns in 1987, was raised in Chicago and has a deep understanding of urban planning and promotion. Politically savvy, Colangelo’s perspective on opportunity — and the future of Phoenix and Arizona — has helped him throughout his career, including the successful lobbying and negotiation to secure both a Major League Baseball franchise, the Arizona Diamondbacks, and the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors’ controversial vote to approve a quarter-cent county tax sales increase to build the park in 1994. Constructed for a cost of three hundred fifty-four million dollars between 1995 and 1998, Bank One Ballpark, now known as Chase Field, was the country’s first domed baseball stadium with a retractable roof and natural grass.
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WO R L D S E R I E S W I N , B A N K O N E B A L L PA R K , P H O E N I X | 2 0 01 The Arizona Diamondbacks’ dramatic 3-2 victory over the New York Yankees in the bottom of the ninth inning in the seventh game of Major League Baseball’s World Series Championship was an emotional and cathartic experience for the nation still mourning after the terrorist attack on the United States on September 11, 2001. All-star outfielder Luis Gonzalez won the game with a walk-off hit against the great Yankee relief pitcher Mariano Rivera. Owner Jerry Colangelo’s World Series win was the quickest in baseball history for an expansion team — and the first major sports championship for the state. Randy Johnson, who came on as a reliever for the Arizona team, earned the win, and shared the Most Valuable Player of the World Series award with teammate Curt Schilling. Manager Bob Brenley’s Diamondbacks victory over rival Manager Joe Torre’s Yankees broke the Bronx Bombers’ three-year World Series Championship streak.
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U S A I R WAY S C E N T E R , P H O E N I X | 2 011 In 1990, the City of Phoenix invested ninety million dollars in the city’s first major indoor, multipurpose arena, a decision that has had long-range economic and development ramifications for a downtown district that had long been without major destinations or sports facilities. Jerry Colangelo, who owned the Phoenix Suns NBA franchise, championed the construction of US Airways Center as the new centerpiece of a city that had been struggling to emerge from the financial crisis. Opened in 1992 as America West Arena, “the Purple Palace” hosts the Suns, Women’s National Basketball Association Phoenix Mercury, and Arizona Rattlers Arena Football League teams. Renovated between 2001 and 2004, the popular, centrally-located entertainment and sports venue became the hub of the city’s renewed downtown, including Chase Field, the Legends Entertainment District, Alliance Bank’s CityScape, the expanded Phoenix Convention Center, and the Valley Metro Light Rail line.
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R O B E R T S A R V E R , OW N E R , P H O E N I X S U N S , U S A I R WAY S C E N T E R , P H O E N I X | 2 013 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Western Alliance Bancorporation Robert Sarver (center) purchased the National Basketball Association’s franchise, the Phoenix Suns, with an investment group for four hundred and one million dollars from Jerry Colangelo in 2004. A graduate of the University of Arizona and a Tucson native, Sarver grew up an avid sports fan, a passion he has maintained during his highly successful career in banking. In 2013, he and his wife, Penny (left), enjoyed a game with seven-time All-Star Grant Hill, who played for the team from 2007 to 2012. A 2008 and 2010 recipient of the NBA Sportsmanship Award, Hill is a graduate of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and currently is a Turner Sports NBA analyst, a Penta Mezzanine managing principal, and active spokesman and supporter for numerous charitable organizations.
S T E V E N A S H , P H O E N I X S U N S | 2 011 The Phoenix Suns drafted Steve Nash after he graduated from Santa Clara University in 1996. The point guard played sparingly for the Suns before being traded to the Dallas Mavericks in 1998, then returning as a free agent to Phoenix’s National Basketball Association franchise. Nash competed for the Suns for eight years, and in 2004-05, when he was the NBA’s most valuable player, he led the team to the Western Conference Finals. In 2005-06, the exciting, high-energy player earned another Most Valuable Player award, and in 2007, while still playing for the Suns, Nash received the NBA’s J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award in 2007. An eight-time All-Star, Nash played for the Suns until 2012 when he joined the roster of rival Los Angeles Lakers.
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P H I L M I C K E L S O N , T P C S TA D I U M CO U R S E , S CO T T S DA L E | 19 9 7 Arizona State University graduate Phil “Lefty” Mickelson is the most competitive, accomplished professional golfer to attend an Arizona university. As a college student he won sixteen tournaments, the U.S. Amateur champion in 1990, three-time NCAA champion, and was an All-American all four years. Mickelson’s success as a college player also earned him the 1990, 1991, and 1992 Haskins Award as best NCAA golfer of the year. After completing his amateur career in 1992, Mickelson became a fan favorite at the Waste Management Phoenix Open played at Scottsdale’s Tourament Players Club Stadium Course, winning in 1996, 2005, and 2013. As of 2014, he has won fifty-one times on tour, including the 2013 British Open Championship, the 2005 PGA Championship and the 2004, 2006, and 2010 Masters. Only fifteen other men have won three of the four majors, with only the U.S. Open eluding him. He has been member of the World Golf Hall of Fame since 2012, and is a regular member of the USA Ryder Cup team.
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T O P G O L F, S CO T T S DA L E | 2 014 Where golf meets entertainment for the whole family, Topgolf at Riverwalk in Scottsdale is the newest venture in Arizona’s golf industry. London-based World Golf Systems invented the Topgolf game, which stands for Target Oriented Practice Golf. Players use golf balls with an imbedded microchip that tracks and scores points for the golfer. Topgolf’s luxury sixty-five-thousand-square-foot golf center plans to hire four hundred fifty employees and have a projected ten-year economic contribution to the city of $264.5 million. The three-story driving range with a nightclub atmosphere is one of the fastest-growing family and adult golf venues in the world, with eighteen locations, three in the United Kingdom, and twenty in the United States — ten currently open and ten more under construction.
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SA LT R I V E R F I E L D S AT TA L K I N G S T I C K , SA LT R I V E R P I M A - M A R I CO PA I N D I A N CO M M M U N I T Y | 2 011 In 1909, the American League Chicago White Sox stopped over in Yuma to play a local team en route home on the Southern Pacific Railroad to start the season after their spring training in California. Three thousand fans attended the first exhibition of professional baseball in Arizona and for over a century spring baseball has been an anticipated event — and economic boost — for the state. In 2011, the Salt River Fields at Talking Stick on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community debuted as the spring training home of the National League Arizona Diamondbacks and Colorado Rockies, the summer home of the Arizona League Diamondbacks, and the Arizona Fall League Salt River Rafters. The one hundred million-dollar, one hundred forty-acre, year round, multi-use athletic complex has thirteen baseball fields, and the main stadium which seats eleven thousand. The first spring training facility on an American Indian reservation was designed by HKS, Inc. architects and built by Mortenson Construction.
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U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A W I L D C AT F O O T B A L L T E A M , B E A R D OW N F I E L D, A R I ZO N A S TA D I U M , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 8 0 s The University of Arizona has fielded a college football team since 1899 and is currently a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The Wildcats, whose original nickname was Varsity until 1914, play in Arizona Stadium, which has a capacity of 56,037 fans. The Arizona football team has a very loyal fan base of local residents, students, and alumni who love their mascot Wilbur the Wildcat. The rallying cry of the team and university, “Bear Down,” is attributed to quarterback and student body president John “Button” Salmon who uttered the final words to Coach Pop McKale, before the player died of injuries from a car accident in October of 1926. The Wildcats are 9-9-1 in post-season bowl games, including victories in the Fiesta, Holiday, and Sun Bowls. They have yet to win a Pac-12 Championship outright and play in a Rose Bowl. They lead the intrastate rivalry game with Arizona State University for the Territorial Cup 47-39-1.
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DA N I C A PAT R I C K , F I R E B I R D R AC E WAY, P H O E N I X | 2 012 Wisconsin-native Danica Patrick started racing go-karts at the age of ten and has been dedicated to motor sport racing ever since, dropping out of high school to pursue her passion and profession. Prior to NASCAR, Patrick’s initial success was in IndyCar Series racing. In 2005, she was both the Indianapolis 500 and IndyCar Series Rookie of the Year, IZOD IndyCar Series Most Popular Driver 2005-2010, and 2008 Indy Japan champion. Since 2012, Patrick has been racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series with her #10 Stewart-Haas Racing car, sponsored by Scottsdale-based GoDaddy.com corporation. She is the 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series Most Popular Driver. Patrick’s success on the track has also led to an off the track role as spokesperson for GoDaddy.com.
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OA K C R E E K CO U N T R Y C LU B , S E D O N A | 2 014 The Robert Trent Jones, Sr. and Robert Trent Jones, Jr.-designed championship eighteen-hole public golf course in scenic Sedona attracts guests and players from around the world, especially in the summer when golfers seek relief from the oppressive summer heat in the desert valleys. With more than four hundred twenty golf courses, Arizona is regularly ranked as one of the top-ten golf states, with an estimated annual gross economic contribution of more than $3.4 billion.
B E E L I N E D R AG WAY, SA LT R I V E R P I M A - M A R I CO PA I N D I A N CO M M U N I T Y | 19 6 3 From 1963 to 1974, the Bee Line Dragway between Scottsdale and Mesa on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Community was the number one racing facility in the Valley of the Sun. Founded by a partnership led by local Jim Rogers, the track was crowded with muscle cars and drag racers for races on Saturdays in the summer and Sundays in the winter. Eventually the development of Phoenix International Raceway and Firebird Raceway led to the closure of the Bee Line, but for more than a decade the Bee Line’s quarter-mile drag strip set the pace for tens of thousands of racing enthusiasts. A R I ZO N A S N OW B OW L , F L AG S TA F F | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s The first lodge and ski runs were built on the slopes of the San Francisco Peaks, seven miles north of Flagstaff in 1938. With a base elevation of 9,200 feet in the shadow of the state’s highest summit, 12,633-foot Humphreys Peak, the popular ski resort built on the Coconino National Forest has 777 acres of skiable trails with five chairlifts, the highest reaching an elevation of 11,500 feet. Snowbowl receives an average of 260 inches of snow a year, with the longest run at 10,560 feet, and the steepest ski drop in the state of 2,300 feet. The popular ski resort creates significant seasonal employment and income for the Flagstaff community, but remains a point of protest for the Hopi and Navajo tribes who object to the resort’s development on the San Francisco Peaks, which they hold spiritually sacred.
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WAT E R S K I I N G , A PAC H E L A K E | 2 012 With over three hundred days a year of sunshine in the Sonoran and Mohave Desert regions of Arizona, the numerous lakes created for hydroelectric power, irrigation, and drinking water on the state’s rivers, like Apache Lake on the Salt River, have created opportunities for boating and water skiing. Seventeen-mile long Apache Lake was created in 1927 with the completion of the three-year construction of Horse Mesa Dam, which is 305 feet high and 660 feet long. In addition to all the recreational activities on Apache Lake made possible by the creation of the reclamation project, Horse Mesa is the highest producer of hydroelectricity on Salt River Project’s chain of dams on the Salt River.
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unshine, abundant natural wonders, and exceptional hospitality and lodging have made travel and tourism a cornerstone of the state’s economy since the late nineteenth century. As the large middle class emerged in America, the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific rail lines began promoting tourism to the Southwest, generating a travel industry that included first-class hotels, fine dining, and transportation to and from the train stations to destinations like the Grand Canyon, the Painted Desert, Petrified Forest, the Navajo and Hopi Indian reservations, San Xavier del Bac, and the saguaro forests of Southern Arizona. The Santa Fe Railway was particularly famous for its Fred Harvey hotels, restaurants, and gift shops, which promoted the popularity of Indian arts and crafts in the Southwest. The “health benefits” claimed for Arizona’s mild winter climate sparked the creation of a successful industry of winter desert retreats. Four-season guest ranches, hot springs spas, and luxury hotels, such as the Camelback Inn in Paradise Valley and Rancho de la Osa in Tucson, have been built throughout the state from the early days of statehood to the present. During the post-war boom, Arizona municipal boosters at the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce promoted auto and air travel, plus the widespread construction of air-conditioned, affordable motels for the middle-class traveler, cemented travel and tourism as a major contributor to the state’s economy. Today, tourism generates over 19.3 billion dollars in direct travel spending, with over one hundred sixty-one thousand Arizonans employed in the tourism industry. Tourism’s net of 5.3 billion dollars makes it the largest industry in the state — more than microelectronics, aerospace, agriculture, and mining. With competition from the neighboring states of Nevada, California, and New Mexico, Arizona continues to improve its statewide travel infrastructure to help tourists enjoy their visit. Improvements
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C A M E L B AC K I N N , PA R A D I S E VA L L E Y | C I R C A 195 0 s Publicist Jack Stewart arrived in Phoenix in the 1930s with a dream to build a resort in the desert. He sold his idea to local philanthropist and resident John C. Lincoln, who provided the land and finances for the Southwestern-style resort. Using adobe block made on the land between Mummy and Camelback mountains, Stewart did not build a traditional hotel, but had the rooms built in casitas, each individually decorated with American Indian art. The desert resort opened on December 15, 1936, and became one of the most popular of the wealthy class who wintered in Arizona despite the Depression. Since 1968, the Marriott Corporation has owned the one hundred twenty-five-acre hotel, expanding and renovating it in 2008. Today, the Camelback Inn, a JW Marriott Resort & Spa, still provides service to its guests according to Stewart’s slogan, “Where Time Stands Still.”
include the new PHX Sky Train at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport, light rail in metro Phoenix, and hundreds of miles of new freeways. With governments in partnership with private companies focusing on prioritizing Arizona’s tourism industry, the state is certain to
continue hosting over twenty-eight million travelers a year. With nine climate zones, from mild winter nights in the desert to cool, alpine summer days, visitors enjoy an experience they’ll not soon forget — prompting many to return as future residents.
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M I S S H O LI DAY M AG A Z I N E , P H O E N I X C H A M B E R O F CO M M E R C E , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 195 0 s The Phoenix Chamber of Commerce was founded on November 13, 1888, and has since then effectively promoted business, economic growth, and cultural development of what is now the nation’s sixth-largest city. From 1946 to 1977, Holiday magazine was a respected leisure-travel magazine with upwards of a million subscribers. The Phoenix Chamber of Commerce worked to promote national and international tourism to the state, and succeeded in getting Arizona featured on the cover of Holiday for the December 1947, January 1953, and July 1954 issues. Today, the Greater Phoenix Chamber of Commerce, with more than 2,600 members, still works to fulfill its original mission: “to help area businesses succeed and make the Valley a better place to live, work, and do business.”
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M U L E T R A I N , B R I G H T A N G E L T R A I L , G R A N D C A N YO N N AT I O N A L PA R K | 2 013 Annually, nearly four and a half million visitors tour the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. Since the first tourist saddled up a mule for a ride below the rim into the depths of the Canyon in 1887, over six hundred thousand riders have experienced the thrill and adventure of a Grand Canyon mule train. From 1904 to 1968, the Fred Harvey Company managed the mule trains. The internationally acclaimed enterprise is now owned and operated by Xanterra Parks and Resorts (formerly known as Amfac Parks & Resorts). Led by the equally famous Mule Wranglers, riders choose between two trails — a four-mile, two-hour tour along the East Rim or a one- or two-night trip to Phantom Ranch. Departing from the corral near Bright Angel Lodge, the trip to the canyon’s floor on Bright Angel Trail is 10.5 miles and takes about five and a half hours. The ride back up to the South Rim has traditionally been on the 7.8-mile South Kaibab Trail, but from 2009 to 2011 the South Kaibab was closed for 3.5 million dollars in repairs, and wranglers led mule trains back up to the South Rim via the Bright Angel Trail and the famous Heartbreak Hill (above).
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E L T OVA R , G R A N D C A N YO N V I L L AG E , G R A N D C A N YO N N AT I O N A L PA R K | 2 012 In 1905, fourteen years before Congress established Grand Canyon National Park, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which ran trains between Williams and the Grand Canyon, opened the El Tovar Hotel, a short walk from their train depot on the South Rim of the canyon. Designed by chief railroad architect Charles Whittlesey, the luxury hotel combined a Swiss chalet-Norwegian villa style with a rustic, native limestone and Oregon pine, a style that became known as “National Park Service Rustic” architecture. Today, the seventy-eight-room hotel, named for Spanish explorer Pedro de Tovar, is a National Historic Landmark. It stands as a cornerstone property of Grand Canyon Village’s historic district, and one of the oldest remaining Fred Harvey lodges in the National Parks system.
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O L D T E R R I T O R I A L S H O P & G A L L E R Y, S CO T T S DA L E | 2 0 0 5 Scottsdale’s downtown art gallery and Indian arts and crafts shopping districts were developed after World War II, thanks to the growth of winter and spring tourism to what the marketing message called “the West’s Most Western Town.” With new hotels opening in the mid-1950s, including the Ramada Valley Ho and Safari Resort, near downtown, and just a few miles from Paradise Valley’s Camelback Inn and Mountain Shadows, the “Old Town” and “Fifth Avenue” districts of downtown Scottsdale became synonymous with shopping, restaurants, and nightclubs for tourists and locals. In 1969, Rita Neal founded Old Territorial Shop & Gallery in Old Town and, forty-five years later, it is the oldest Indian jewelry and arts shop on Main Street. Neal’s son Alston and daughter-in-law Deborah manage the store today, which has retained its dual mission: to maintain a multigenerational relationship with American Indian artists and to sell the finest contemporary, Southwestern Indian art and antique Native pottery, textiles, and baskets.
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P H I L D E X T E R W I T H B I G S U R F P R O T O T Y P E , T E M P E | 19 6 6 In the 1950s and 1960s, as the Phoenix metropolitan area was growing exponentially from 331,770 residents in 1950 to 971,228 in 1970, tourism and winter visitors became key to Maricopa County’s economy. Long hot summers and sun-filled spring and fall seasons created a yearning for more entertainment options to relieve locals and tourists from the desert heat. Local resident Phil Dexter knew that vacations to Rocky Point in nearby Sonora, Mexico, or to San Diego, California, to surf in the ocean waters was a favorite pastime of Arizonans. In 1966, he built his first prototype of a wave machine in his backyard. Soon, he had built two more models, one in an abandoned pool hall, and then a full-size machine that attracted investment from Clairol, Inc., in 1967. Two years later, Dexter invited World Surf Champion Fred Hemmings, Jr., to be the first to ride a wave at the debut of Big Surf in September 1969. Today, Phil Dexter’s dream, now called the Waikiki Beach Wave pool, an ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, is still entertaining generations of Arizonans and visitors looking to catch a wave in the desert.
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R AW H I D E , S CO T T S DA L E | 2 0 0 3 Rawhide was one of the most popular tourist destinations in Arizona, rivaling annual visitation to the Grand Canyon. Resort developer Jim “Big Daddy” Paul opened his fun-filled Old West town on one hundred sixty acres of land at the corner of Scottsdale and Pinnacle Peak roads in 1971. Located on unincorporated county land before Scottsdale had expanded its city limits, Paul’s frontier town with its Main Street stores, museum, and steak house were appointed with historic pieces collected from across the West. Stagecoach rides in the desert, Wild West gunfights by stuntmen, and nightly music in the Golden Belle Saloon entertained visitors to the park. Rawhide’s visitation continued to grow, reaching an annual attendance record of nine hundred thousand in 1997. At the time of its sale in 2004 for forty-three million dollars, it still averaged over six hundred thousand visitors a year, and was the most popular destination in the city. While the original site of the Western town is now a multi-use development, the relocated Rawhide is a centerpiece entertainment destination at Wild Horse Pass Casino on the Gila River Indian Community.
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V I E W H O T E L , M O N U M E N T VA L L E Y, N AVA J O R E S E R VAT I O N | C I R C A 2 012 In 2008, the Navajo Nation opened its first hotel at Navajo Tribal Park at Monument Valley to host and welcome visitors to the Western land held spiritually sacred by the Diné people. Hotel owner Armanda Ortega, who grew up with a traditional Navajo mother and a father from the famed Armand Ortega, Sr., Indian trader family, created a destination experience that combined her business acumen with her spiritual roots and respect for the landscape. Until the View Hotel was built, the nearest lodging was at nearby Goulding’s Lodge, where John Ford and his cast lived during the filming of nine motion pictures in Monument Valley between 1938 and 1964. Ford’s films made Monument Valley internationally famous as an icon of the American West, and today, visitors to the View Hotel, with every one of its ninety-five rooms facing east to the sunrise, can begin and end each day with one of the most spectacular views in the world.
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R A N C H O D E L A O SA , SA SA B E | C I R C A 19 3 0 s With a ranch history that includes a Father Eusebio Kino 1725 mission outpost on the property, a deeded title from an 1812 Spanish Land Grant, and a post-Civil War cattle ranch, Rancho De La Osa was the perfect retreat for Louisa Wade Wetherill to purchase and renovate into an exclusive guest ranch in 1924. Numerous artists, celebrities, and presidents — including John Wayne, Tom Mix, Zane Grey, Margaret Mitchell, President Lyndon B. Johnson, and President Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt — have stayed at the desert hacienda. The unique ranch property in the Altar Valley adjacent to Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge has eighteen guest rooms, a cantina, and two dining rooms. Horseback riding, bird-watching, hiking, biking, and an on-site spa are available to guests. In 2014, current owners Richard and Veronica Schultz will retire and have placed the immaculately restored and maintained two hundred thirty-acre ranch up for sale.
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SAG UA R O A N D T O U R I S T, P H O E N I X | 19 6 0 The signature species of the Sonoran Desert of the trans Arizona-Sonora border region, Carnegiea gigantea, is equally an iconic symbol of the American Southwest and a life-giving species of cactus to Native cultures and the desert’s ecosystem. Arizona’s state flower, the saquaro blossom, provides nectar and pollen for insects, birds, and bats. The O’odham people have harvested the fruit for centuries, and a fermented wine from saguaro pears is ceremonially incorporated into their annual religous ceremonies. The highly recognizable cactus has been a popular commercial and cultural symbol for the Southwest for decades, from neon motel signs to Chuck Jones cartoons. The saguaro, which can grow to over seventy feet and live more than one hundred fifty years, is highly protected by state and federal laws to prevent poaching and destruction. Visitors to the state can spot them at numerous saguaro forests preserved in local, state, and national parks and wilderness areas, including Saguaro National Park in Tucson, South Mountain Park in Phoenix, and McDowell Mountain Preserve in Scottsdale.
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E L R A N C H O M O T E L , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 6 0 s In the 1950s, the United States embarked on constructing the U.S. Interstate highway system from coast to coast, the greatest nationwide public works project since the federal government had subsidized the U.S. Highway system after World War I. The interstate highways would cement America’s dependency on the automobile for individual transportation, and trucks as the primary means to ship and deliver freight to markets. With the automobile culture came the suburbanization of the nation, and touring the country in your family car was the new middle-class adventure. Affordable, clean, air-conditioned motels like the El Rancho on East Van Buren Street (U.S. Highway 60) welcomed travelers to Phoenix from the 1950s to the 1970s, until Interstate-10 led tourists away from the old favorite motels.
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M I S S I O N SA N X AV I E R D E L B AC , T U C S O N | C I R C A 194 0 s Roman Catholic missionary Father Eusebio Kino founded Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1692. Father Alonso Espinosa, S.J., built the first church in 1756, which survives today on the east side of the church’s bell tower. After the Pope recalled the Jesuits from New Spain in 1767, the Franciscans were given the task of building and managing the Spanish missions across the American Southwest. Father Juan Bautista Velderrain began the construction of the current sanctuary known as “the white dove of the desert” in 1783. Work on the structure — one of the finest examples of eighteenth-century Mexican baroque architecture in the United States or Mexico — continued under the direction of Father Juan Bautista Llorens until funds ran out in 1797. For the next seventy-five years, San Xavier survived the rise and fall of Spain and Mexico in Southern Arizona, until the 1860s and 1870s when regular clergy began services for the parish, and started a school. Today, the National Historic Landmark is an active mission and school that serves the needs of the O’odham people of Wa:k on the San Xavier District of the Tohono O’odham Nation.
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A R I ZO N A I N N , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 9 0 s Philanthropist, businesswoman and Arizona’s first congresswoman, Isabella Greenway’s furniture-making venture, The Arizona Hut, which she started to employ out-of-work World War I veterans, began to fail financially following the stock market crash of 1929. Her solution, born of necessity, was to build the Arizona Inn, which would employ craftsmen in its construction and feature the furniture they made throughout the Inn. The quaint, New England-meets-Arizona exclusive desert retreat represents a classic era of travel and tourism in the Grand Canyon state. Fourth-generation descendants of Isabella Greenway still own and manage the inn which has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988. With great care, the inn was restored and renovated over the decades to maintain the same ambience the first guests enjoyed eight decades ago. Even today, a master craftsman maintains a cabinet-making shop at the hotel and manages the restoration of historic furniture while also handcrafting new pieces for the inn.
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SA N C T UA R Y C A M E L B AC K M O U N TA I N R E S O R T A N D S PA , PA R A D I S E VA L L E Y | 2 014 Arizona’s mild winter season and secluded, exclusive resorts have long attracted Hollywood stars needing a retreat from the glare of the spotlights and cameras of the paparazzi. In 1956, Charlie Chaplin’s son Sydney, with actor John Ireland and actress Joanne Dru, opened the Paradise Valley Racquet Club. After early great acclaim, the club began to struggle financially, and in 1967, local resident Vik Jackson partnered with John Gardiner, who owned a tennis ranch in Carmel, California, to buy the property. They transformed it into a unique destination — a resort with five championship tennis courts, forty-one casitas, and fifteen homes. The lushly landscaped resort, with swimming pools, clubhouse, and dining room, became famous for its annual Senator’s Cup, with proceeds from the tennis matches between Republican and Democratic senators benefitting Hospice of the Valley. After a series of ownership changes in the 1990s, the Westroc Hospitality Group purchased the storied resort and transformed it into Sanctuary, one of the most exclusive, unique retreats in the United States.
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n 1885, the University of Arizona in Tucson opened its doors to the first college students, twenty-seven years before statehood. Since then, the UA — a land grant institution — has grown into an internationally recognized research university with over forty thousand students. The University of Arizona is home to two separately accredited medical schools including the new
M I C H A E L M . C R OW, P h . D. , S K Y S O N G , A R I ZO N A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y, S CO T T S DA L E | 2 014 Dr. Michael M. Crow was hired in 2002 as the sixteenth president of Arizona State University following his creative, dynamic, forward-thinking leadership as executive vice provost and his academic tenure as professor of science and technology policy in the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University in New York City. In his twelve years as president, Dr. Crow has transformed ASU into a model for research universities, he named “the New American University.” His accomplishments include the creation and construction of ASU’s downtown Phoenix campus, including the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communications, the Biomedical Campus in partnership with the University of Arizona and TGen, the Biodesign Institute, the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, and the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College.
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Phoenix Campus, which along with the new Cancer Center being built in connection with the Phoenix Biomedical Campus — including Barrow Neurological Institute, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), CU RVI N G AR CAD E S ( H O MAG E TO B E R N I N I ) , and the ASU College of E A S T E N T R A N C E , U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A , T U C S O N | 2 0 0 5 Nursing — have created Artist Athena Tacha’s Curving Arcades (Homage to Bernini) sculpture has graced the east a growing hub of medical entrance of the University of Arizona since its installation in 1981. The University of Arizona research education in has over forty-five pieces of public art on its three hundred eighty-acre campus. downtown Phoenix. The UA also is home to many highly college is a multifaceted education system that is a national ranked programs including the the College of Law, College leader in school choice, embracing traditional public schools, of Engineering, the College of Education, the Eller College of plus charter, parochial, and private schools. In addition, the state Management, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, the College has the nation’s largest community college system, Maricopa of Nursing, and College of Pharmacy. County Community College District. Many satellite and distanceArizona State University and Northern Arizona University learning university campuses and a growing number of for-profit in Flagstaff, founded fourteen years apart in 1885 and 1899, universities, including Grand Canyon University and the University respectively, were created to train teachers for the growing Arizona of Phoenix, serve Arizona’s students. Territory. After World War II, the two colleges attained university The thriving arts community reflects the diversity of the state status. With the G.I. Bill and the Civil Rights Act providing greater and it makes a significant contribution to the economy. Since opportunities, college degrees in the 1950s and 1960s were now the earliest decades, painters, writers, and photographers have available to a much broader cross section of Arizona residents. been drawn to Arizona’s varied landscape, geology, and native This helped the state develop the workforce needed for growth peoples. Inspired by its Southwestern culture, Spanish past, and in the high-tech, aerospace, defense, and engineering sectors Indian heritage, artists such as Lalo Guerrero, “The Father of of its economy. Today, ASU has more than seventy-five thousand Chicano Music,” have made the state famous worldwide — and students and is well-known for its Global Institute of Sustainability, continue to do so today. Schools of art, municipal art centers, Engineering College, Mars Lab, and Sandra Day O’Connor School symphony halls, university theaters, outdoor amphitheaters, and of Law. NAU is recognized nationally for its Schools of Nursing, world-class museums all contribute to the state’s increasingly Forestry, and Hotel and Restaurant Management. diverse cultural environment. Supporting the three universities in preparing students for
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WA LT E R C R O N K I T E S C H O O L O F J O U R N A L I S M A N D M A S S CO M M U N I C AT I O N S , A R I ZO N A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y, P H O E N I X | 2 013 When Arizona State University made a commitment to building a campus in downtown Phoenix, the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism became one of the cornerstones of ASU President Michael Crow’s expansion of the “New American University” beyond its traditional Tempe-Main Campus boundaries. Since 1931, journalism has been taught at ASU, expanding first into a division in 1949, then into its own department, Mass Communications, in 1957, three years after adding radio and television courses. The degree program, which received national accreditation in 1973, continued to grow and was made part of the College of Public Programs as the Department of Journalism and Telecommunication in 1979. A master’s program was added in 1981, a radio station in 1982, and in 1984, the program was named the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Telecommunications, after the legendary CBS newscaster often called “the most trusted man in America.” Adding Mass Communications to its name in 2001, the school was moved downtown in July 2008, along with PBS affiliate KAET-Channel 8 and the jointly managed KBAQ radio production studio. The student-produced Cronkite NewsWatch TV news show (1989) and the Cronkite News Service (2006) remain key professional training programs for the school. In 2011, a Ph.D. program in Journalism and Mass Communications was added to the department.
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B A L L E T F O L K L O R I CO O F A R I ZO N A , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 19 9 0 s Artistic Director Julie Gonzalez Gallego founded the professional dance company Ballet Folklorico in 1994. Dedicated to the cultural and dancing traditions of Arizona and Mexican folklorico, the company has earned international renown for its interpretation of traditional Southwestern dance, and exposing the rich Hispanic heritage of the region to diverse audiences. Gallego’s signature musical and dance production is Viva Arizona, which celebrates Tucson in history and song.
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LU T E O L S O N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A | 2 0 0 5 Basketball Hall of Fame Coach Lute Olson’s twenty-five-year career at the University of Arizona began in 1983 after coaching high school teams from 1956 to 1969, and three college squads, including Long Beach State to a number-three ranking in 1974, and the University of Iowa to the Final Four in 1980. Olson’s career as the Wildcats’ coach provided as much national exposure for the UA as Frank Kush had created as head coach of the Sun Devils football team for ASU. Olson’s career at UA included the 1997 NCAA Division I Tournament Championship, five Final Four appearances, four Pac-10 tournament titles, and eleven Pac-10 championships. Olson’s success resulted in his receiving the NCAA Coach of the Year award in 1988 and 1990, the Pac-10 Coach of the Year seven times, the Big Ten Coach of the Year in 1979 and 1981, and CBS-TV Coach of the Year in 1989. Known equally as an educational mentor and motivator, Olson was the last coach to lead a U.S. amateur basketball squad to win the gold medal in international play with the 1986 FIBA World Championship win over the Soviet Union. As a lifelong educator, Olson, following the ideals of famed UCLA Coach John Wooden, stressed to his players the importance of earning a college degree, a challenge made more difficult in recent decades with the pressure of winning — and looming professional contracts for the best players. Olson, also a devoted family man, married Roberta “Bobbi” Russell in 1953; the couple had five children. An avid fan and constant pillar of support to her husband at all of his games, Bobbi Olson died in 2001 of cancer. In honor of their contribution to the University of Arizona, the basketball floor at McKale Memorial Arena was named the Lute and Bobbi Olson Court.
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P E T E D E I S E , A R T I S T, P H O E N I X | 2 011 Phoenix artist Pete Deise is best known for his curvaceous, oversized steel sculptures that reflect his desire to explore the infinite relationship between human beings, nature, and art. While he is known for his welded-steel art pieces, Deise also pursues his artistic muses through painting, drawing, and writing. He credits his biologist mother and engineer father for his inquisitiveness, and his childhood near the ocean as influences on his desire to weave the juxtaposition of the powerful curves of the surf with the fragile veins of a leaf, each representative of the forces that confront us daily in life. Deise’s art can be seen in numerous galleries across the Valley and in public places across the country including Johnson City, Texas, where his multiple-sculpture art series, Ascension, is on display at The Benini Galleries and Sculpture Ranch.
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E D M E L L , A R T I S T, P H O E N I X | 2 014 Phoenix native Ed Mell’s critically acclaimed career as a Western artist did not begin after graduation from the Art Center of College Design in Los Angeles, but developed only when he left his illustration and advertising career in New York for a teaching position on the Hopi Indian Reservation in 1970. Living, working, and painting on the Colorado Plateau was an pivotal time for Mell, who decided to pursue a career as a full-time artist. Forty decades later, Mell’s highly collectible, signature Southwestern landscape oil paintings, sculptures, and print series are exhibited at numerous internationally recognized, permanent public and private galleries.
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J I M B A L L I N G E R , S Y B I L H A R R I N G T O N D I R E C T O R , P H O E N I X A R T M U S E U M , P H O E N I X | 2 014 Hired in 1974 as curator of collections, Jim Ballinger has served as director of the Phoenix Art Museum since 1982. The museum’s history dates back to its opening in 1959 at the corner of Central and McDowell avenues, but the forty years of Ballinger’s tenure have been the most significant. Artist Josiah McElheny’s The Last Scattering Surface is one of the latest acquisitions displayed in the Heather and Michael D. Greenbaum Lobby, part of a 41.2 million-dollar expansion that also added the Wilde Family Entry Plaza, Dorrance Sculpture Garden, and Ellen & Howard C. Katz Wing for Modern Art. Ballinger, the Sybil Harrington Director, will be heralded for decades to come for his creative direction of the museum, membership expansion, public bond support, multiple successful endowment and building campaigns, and world-class exhibitions.
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D E G R A Z I A M I S S I O N I N T H E S U N , T U C S O N | 19 7 0 s Artist Ettore “Ted” DeGrazia and his wife, Marion, a sculptor, decided that Tucson was growing too close to their suburban home in the 1950s when they bought ten acres in the Santa Catalina foothills north of the city center. The Mission in the Sun was DeGrazia’s first building, built in honor of the Jesuit priest, Father Eusebio Kino, and the mission of Our Lady of Guadalupe. All of its adobe bricks were made onsite, as they were for his home and world-famous Gallery in the Sun, which opened in 1965. Six decades later, DeGrazia’s unique home, studio, gallery, and mission comprise a National Historic Site dedicated to the legacy of the internationally renowned Arizona artist.
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L A L O G U E R R E R O, “ T H E FAT H E R O F C H I C A N O M U S I C ,” T U C S O N | 2 0 0 3 Tucson native Eduardo “Lalo” Guerrero’s six-decade career as a leader in Hispanic music earned him the title “The Father of Chicano Music.” The son of Mexican-American parents and brother to twenty siblings, he was born in 1916, just four years after statehood, and began his career in the 1930s when he left home to pursue his dream of being a professional musician. His success came quickly with his first band, Los Carlistas, in New York, which led him back to the West Coast and a long career based in Los Angeles. He formed a new band, Trio Imperial, and a touring orchestra. Eventually, he opened his own nightclub, Lalo’s. An activist for Hispanic rights, Guerrero was a close friend of civil rights leader Cesar Chavez, and wrote music in support of Chavez’s efforts. Guerrero was also known for his Pachuco swing songs that became the soundtrack of Luis Valdez’s musical and film, Zoot Suit. The recipient of numerous accolades, Guerrero received the title of a Smithsonian National Folk Treasure in 1980, the National Heritage Award in 1992, and the National Medal of Arts in 1996. Guerrero, who released his final CD at the age of eighty-three, died in Rancho Mirage, California, on March 17, 2005.
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S E D O N A A R T S C E N T E R , S E D O N A | C I R C A 19 6 0 s The beauty and enchantment of the red rocks of Sedona attracted a generation of artists in the 1950s, who were inspired to start the Sedona Arts Center in 1958. Led by Egyptian sculptor Nassan Gabron, they soon outgrew their first location, “Canyon Kiva,” and bought the Old Jordan Apple Packing Barn, which quickly became the center for the art community in the Northern Arizona town in Oak Creek Canyon. “The Barn,” symbolically and physically, has remained the centerpiece of the nonprofit school that for over half a century has served as an important educational and mentoring institution for artists in the nation. Expanded in 1994, the Sedona Arts Center offers classes and workshops year-round for everyone from elementary school students to retired seniors. The Arts Center also built a community theater in 1970, and a permanent art gallery in 1994.
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M A R I LY N M O N R O E , B U S STO P, A R I ZO N A S TAT E FA I R G R O U N D S , P H O E N I X | 19 5 6 Norma Jean Baker, known forever as Marilyn Monroe, co-starred with Don Murray and Eileen Heckart (right, in dark glasses) in Twentieth-Century Fox’s 1956 comedy Bus Stop. Adapted from William Inge’s two plays, Bus Stop and People of the Wind, the production was partly filmed in downtown Phoenix and at the Arizona State Fairgrounds during the Phoenix Junior Chamber of Commerce’s annual Rodeo-of-Rodeos. Monroe, who stayed at the city’s historic San Carlos Hotel during the filming, won a Golden Globe for her performance, while Murray earned the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Arizona, which had been a popular vacation retreat for Hollywood A-listers for decades (the Arizona Biltmore’s main pool was alleged to be Monroe’s favorite), became a regular location for filmmakers after 1945 for its distinct Western landscapes, lightly populated rural vistas unfettered by power lines and development, and Western cities and towns rarely seen in motion pictures.
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O L D T U C S O N , T U C S O N | C I R C A 19 6 0 s In 1939, Columbia Studios’ Arizona, was the first film produced at Old Tucson, and the sets constructed for the Western became the basis for the founding of the film studio popular for its access and proximity to iconic Southwestern desert locations. In the seventy-five years since that first production, over three hundred films, television shows, and commercials have been made at Old Tucson, including Jimmy Stewart’s Winchester ‘73, John Wayne’s Rio Bravo, Clint Eastwood’s The Outlaw Josey Wales, and Kurt Russell’s Tombstone. In the 1960s, Old Tucson became a popular amusement park and studio tour for visitors to enjoy an Old West experience with restaurants, shops, horseback and train rides, musical reviews, gunfights, stunt shows, and filmmaking demonstrations. Old Tucson also owns the sixty-acre remote location Mescal, which includes a full Western-style street, near Benson, east of Tucson.
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P H O E N I X S Y M P H O N Y, P H O E N I X | 2 013 With humble roots, the Phoenix Symphony began in 1947 when the city was small and the concerts were far and few between. Nearly seven decades later, the sixth-largest city in the country has a full-time orchestra of seventy-six members who perform two hundred seventy-five concerts and shows a year in a theater with 2,312 seats. Benefit concerts with guest conductors raise annual funds for the symphony. On September 28, 2013, Phoenix native, filmmaker Steven Spielberg was a special guest with his longtime collaborator, Maestro John Williams, who conducted an evening of music from their films, including a special rendition of the theme from Schindler’s List, played by First Violinist Steven Moeckel. The symphony has had eleven music directors and receives support from ticket sales, private donations, corporate support, and public funding from the city’s Office of Arts and Culture, the Arizona Commission on the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Arts. The Phoenix Symphony also makes concert appearances in other states and supports educators and education with shows for school-age children throughout the year.
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J O H N G . S P E R L I N G , P h . D. , U N I V E R S I T Y O F P H O E N I X , P H O E N I X | 19 94 Against all odds, yet with unwavering determination, Arizona professor-turned-entrepreneur John Sperling started Apollo in 1973 and University of Phoenix in 1976. Four decades later, Sperling’s experiment in for-profit higher education, aimed initially at continuing education for working adults, is the most successful publicly traded educational institution in the world, with a net profit in 2013 of 3.6 billion dollars. The University of Phoenix is the flagship of the Apollo Group, which includes Axia College, College for Financial Planning, the Institute for Professional Development, Western International, and in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. A former San Jose State University professor, Sperling, who was an outspoken advocate for the underprivileged, civil rights, and the working poor, grew up the son of a Missouri Ozark sharecropper. He was in the Merchant Marines before using the G.I. Bill to earn his undergraduate degree from Oregon’s Reed College, a Master’s Degree at the University of California-Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from Cambridge, England’s King’s College. Sperling, who overcame dyslexia in his revolutionary career, died in Greenbrae, California, on August 22, 2014.
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P H O E N I X CO L L E G E , P H O E N I X | 2 014 The oldest college in the Maricopa Community College system, Phoenix College first opened its doors to eighteen students for classes in 1920. Originally part of the Phoenix Union High School and Junior College District, it was known as Phoenix Junior College until 1960, when it became the centerpiece campus of the Maricopa County Community College District. Today, President Anna Solley, Ed.D., leads the midtown college of twelve thousand students who can study in more than two hundred degree and certificate programs. The Phoenix College Bears have a strong history of success in athletics, with fourteen teams, including a women’s softball program that has brought the NJCCA Division II National Women’s Softball Championship trophy back to Phoenix eight times.
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G R A N D C A N YO N U N I V E R S I T Y A R E N A , P H O E N I X | 2 014 The members of the Southern Baptist Convention who founded Grand Canyon College in Phoenix in 1949 believed in the Christian mission of education that had led it to founding Southern Baptist universities in many other states since the early decades of the nation’s history. As a small, liberal arts college with a strong tradition in academics, nursing, theology, and athletics, Grand Canyon became a university in 1989. In 2003, after a financial crisis — created by low enrollment, lack of financial support, and escalating operating costs — threatened to close the university, Grand Canyon University was bought by an investment team led by Phoenix native Brent Richardson. Current president Brian Mueller took the university through a successful and highly recognized nonprofit to for-profit transformation, raising two hundred million dollars from the 2008 initial NASDAQ public offering. GCU has expanded into the global marketplace of online learning, with a student body of more than forty thousand. Equally committed to the traditional college-campus experience, the leadership team invested in the campus, growing its capacity from seventeen hundred to nearly nine thousand. The GCU Antelopes have established a national reputation in athletics with entrance into NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Western Athletic Conference in 2013.
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T E M P E C E N T E R F O R T H E A R T S , T E M P E | 2 012 One of the state’s newest municipal art centers, the Tempe Center for the Arts was built between 2004 and 2007 for sixty-five million dollars. Adjacent to Tempe Town Lake on Rio Salado Parkway, the visual and performing arts center has a permanent two- and three-dimensional art gallery, and is home to Childsplay Theater Company, Arizona Academy of the Performing Arts, Arizona State University Public Events, A Ludwig Dance Theatre, CONDER/dance, and Desert Dance Theatre companies; and the Tempe Community Chorus, Lakeshore Jazz Series, Arizona Wind Symphony, and Tempe Symphonic Wind Ensemble. Tempe architecture firm Arcitekton designed the ninety thousand-square-foot building as a sculpture in itself, with its distinctive geometrically patterned roof, native river rock, copper, and sandstone. The center was a major Tempe reclamation project that replaced an old landfill along the city’s riverfront, while enhancing the city’s art scene and culture.
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M U S E U M O F N O R T H E R N A R I ZO N A , F L AG S TA F F | 194 8 Harold S. Colton and Mary-Russell Farrell Colton founded the Museum of Northern Arizona in 1928. The Coltons’ cultural contribution to the state of Arizona — and the greater tableau of the American Southwest — is unmatched in dedication to the past, present, and future ethnological history of the peoples of the Colorado Plateau. The Coltons, who were the first to conduct archeological research of the Sinagua ruins near Flagstaff, dedicated their lives to furthering the scientific record of the ancient Pueblo cultures. Mary-Russell Colton, a professional artist, was the museum’s curator of art. The museum’s strong relationship with American Indian artists is due to her dedication to Native artistic talents and crafts. Today, MNA, as the premier museum dedicated to the natural and cultural heritage of the region, focuses on its founders’ original mission and preserves their traditional ideals of conservation, education, research, and collections. It serves as a regional educational hub, with numerous annual cultural festivals celebrating the diverse cultures that define the Four Corners of the Southwest. The research facilities are internationally renowned, and the museum continues to partner with scientists and researchers in ongoing studies of the flora and fauna, geology, archeology, anthropology, and history of the Colorado Plateau.
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ARIZONA: LOOKING AHEAD
VA L L E Y M E T R O L I G H T R A I L , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s Beginning in 2008, the electric Valley Metro Light Rail train system has transformed the Phoenix metropolitan area’s transportation network. The public train provides ridership to over 14.2 million riders a year on twenty miles of rail line that will eventually be expanded by seven additional lines and forty more miles of track. The Metro has a station conveniently located next to the Phoenix Convention Center and nearby downtown hotels, restaurants, and sports and entertainment venues
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alling Arizona home since 1949 when my parents brought me to the copper mining town of Superior just east of the Salt River Valley, I have lived all around the state, from the copper community of Miami-Globe to Tucson, Flagstaff, and finally settling in Phoenix in 1984. Seeing Arizona’s transformation over the last sixty-five years — going from one of the least populated states to one of the fastest-growing in the nation — I am struck time and again by the amazing energy, creativity, and determination of Arizona’s people. As I recall the many generations of Arizonans I have known — from pioneer ranching families, hard rock miners, and successful entrepreneurs to recent immigrants — one overarching theme emerges: Arizona was built by confident, self-reliant people willing
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to make big bets on their future. This collection of photographs chronicles many of the foundational investments that enabled Arizona to prosper, from copper mines and hydroelectricity to the Central Arizona Project to our three major state universities. Corporations and entrepreneurs and various levels of government have made huge capital investments in education, transportation, electronics, aerospace, defense, and health care — investments that positioned Arizona for growth. Think of the big bet made by the four thousand Maricopa County landowners who formed the Salt River Valley Water Users Association, and put up their two hundred thousand acres to the federal government as collateral to fund the 10.3 million-dollar construction of Roosevelt Dam, built between 1905 and 1911. To
construct the dam today would cost billions. And imagine the leadership, collaboration, and foresight needed to make such a foundational investment in the state’s future. This pioneering investment in water management and hydroelectricity paid for itself many times over with an impact of more than a trillion dollars on Arizona’s economy just in the last four decades. Another big bet was made in 1983 when Maricopa County citizens voted to fund a light rail system that would begin to connect key commercial and residential corridors. Voters in 2004 extended the tax with Proposition 400, recognizing that the light rail was not just a fanciful idea on a municipal planner’s drawing board but a key investment in infrastructure that would impact not just air quality and congestion but economic output as well.
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S TAT E FA R M M A R I N A H E I G H T S , T E M P E | 2 014 The two million-square-foot State Farm Marina Heights multi-use development adjacent to Arizona State University at Tempe Town Lake broke ground on July 31, 2013. State Farm will lease nearly all of the space within the development, which is a joint project between Sunbelt Holdings and Ryan Companies. When the six hundred million-dollar, twenty-acre site along Rio Salado Parkway is completed, State Farm will occupy five office buildings adjacent to a retail district and a ten-acre plaza.
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T H O M A S K E AT I N G B I O R E S E A R C H B U I L D I N G , U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I ZO N A , T U C S O N | C I R C A 2 0 0 0 s In 2006, the University of Arizona opened the 61.5 million-dollar, 177,000-square-foot BIO5 Institute’s Thomas W. Keating Bioresearch Building and the adjacent 54 million-dollar, 135,280-square-foot University of Arizona College of Medicine Research Building. Combined, the two facilities serve approximately eight hundred bioscience scientists from thirteen departments in six University colleges. Annual grants exceed one hundred million dollars to research agriculture, engineering, medicine, pharmacy, and basic science.
Annual ridership today is approximately 14.2 million. The longterm significance of the light rail is being reflected in the major commitments that our state universities have made to campus expansion in downtown Phoenix and the renaissance of infill housing in the areas served by the rail line, in addition to the hundreds of new businesses that have sprung up along its route. Light rail, like the Central Arizona Project, the urban freeway system, and Roosevelt Dam that came before, reflects a vote of confidence in Arizona’s future. Since the 1960s, Arizona has attracted significant capital from major companies. Motorola and Sperry got their start here. Honeywell, Intel, Hughes, Raytheon, McDonnell Douglas, Boeing, and others have invested billions of dollars in our state’s economy.
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More recently Avnet, Insight.com, Go Daddy, and Infusionsoft have flourished here and demonstrate our state’s ability to attract talent and foster innovation. Despite this legacy of dynamic investment, Arizona is today at a crossroads. The severe worldwide financial crisis that occurred between mid-2007 and mid-2010 hit the state especially hard. Arizona’s increasing reliance on the real estate sector, particularly housing, during the last thirty years devastated an economy that had produced consistent growth and expanding opportunity for several decades. With over ten percent of jobs lost between late 2007 and mid-2010, the average home value decline of fifty-six percent, and median income down thirty-six percent, the magnitude of Arizona’s economic crisis was among the most severe in the U.S.
A look back at Arizona’s economy suggests some reasons why we were hit so hard by the Great Recession and why we were particularly vulnerable to the burst of the housing bubble. Consistent population growth fueled by net in-migration supported rapid expansion in affordable housing, the creation of a consumption economy, and an overreliance on tourism. This natural expansion fostered complacency with respect to economic development, so much so that the state’s population growth did not translate into comparative per capita wealth. Between 1981 and the end of 2013, Arizona’s average per capita income fell from ninety-five percent of the national average to eighty-three percent. Moreover, of the nearly three hundred thousand jobs lost during the recession from our employment peak in December 2007
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S K Y S O N G , A R I ZO N A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y, S CO T T S DA L E | 2 013 Arizona State University’s high-tech SkySong is a world-class center of enterprise, innovation, and technology, strategically located in Scottsdale. With its highly recognizable shade structure, the center is an engine of economic development, and acts as an incubator, integrating private sector resources with ASU, national firms, and start-up companies.
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U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I Z O N A C A N C E R C E N T E R , P H O E N I X | 2 014 A centerpiece of the Phoenix Biomedical Campus, the University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health’s St. Joseph’s outpatient facility is scheduled to be open in 2015. The five-story, two hundred twenty thousand-square-foot, one hundred million-dollar complex was topped off on May 6, 2014. The Cancer Center is one of the transformative medical centers and bioscience projects built in partnership by the City of Phoenix, TGen, Arizona State University, and the University of Arizona. The ultimate goal of the joint venture is to make downtown Phoenix an internationally acclaimed center of medical science, research, enterprise, and patient care. The University of Arizona Cancer Center has received the National Cancer Institute designation as a comprehensive cancer center. It’s the only one designated in the state, and is one of just forty-one in the United States.
through July 2010, only fifty seven percent have been recovered — roughly two years behind the national average — with a third of those jobs only paying twenty-five thousand dollars annually or less. In fact, not only have seventy percent of all workers in the state seen their wages drop, our labor force participation rate at 62.8 percent is the lowest it has been since 1978. A legacy of low paying jobs shouldn’t come as a surprise. The seeds to what’s being reaped today were planted many decades ago. Between 1979 and 1995, the state’s general fund revenues tracked at a consistent five percent of personal income to support the needs of K-12, higher education, public safety, health, and
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welfare for our citizens. Beginning in 1996 and continuing through 2014, overall state tax cuts have left the legislature with only 3.5 percent — a thirty percent comparative drop. At less than seven thousand dollars per student, Arizona spends less on public education than any state in the union, leading the nation in overall cuts since 2008, with funding for K-12 per student cut by nearly twenty-two percent and funding for higher education at our three state universities cut by more than fifty percent. Our community college system, Maricopa County Community College District (one of the largest in the country), was perhaps hardest hit. Once tuition-free for in-state students, it saw
R U F U S G L A S P E R , P h . D. , P H O E N I X , | 2 014 Dr. Rufus Glasper began his tenure as chancellor of the Maricopa County Community College District in 2003 after nearly two decades as a senior administrator. With over two hundred sixty thousand students, ten colleges, and two skill centers, the district is among the largest in the nation. Dr. Glasper’s vision is to provide an atmosphere across the district that allows every student to reach their goals and exceed their potential, whether it’s earning a degree or upgrading skills through workforce development.
its level of state support go from a twenty-five percent high in the late 1980s to less than one percent today. Intended as a budget stopgap, these cuts not only threaten our economic recovery but also our future. Just as cuts have gone up so has tuition at all public colleges and universities — by 78.4 percent, the highest in the nation. On the heels of a punishing recession, the lesson is clear. The path to stability and growth is to invest innovative and export oriented sectors, thereby increasing the number of high-paying jobs and our ability to generate wealth — both required to be globally competitive. We must continue to nurture key industries such as aerospace which despite cuts to federal defense spending
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S O L A N A , A B E N G OA S O L A R A R R AY, G I L A B E N D | 2 013 In the Sonoran Desert, just seventy miles from Phoenix, is Solana, the world’s largest parabolic trough solar plant. Underwritten with a 1.45 billion-dollar loan from the federal government, Abengoa Solar’s two hundred eighty-megawatt solar array on one thousand nine hundred twenty acres produces enough energy to provide power to seventy thousand homes. The six hours of molten salt thermal storage is a key aspect of the clean energy system for local residents, providing energy well into the hot desert nights and on overcast days. The mega-sized solar plant eliminates the creation of four hundred seventy-five thousand tons of carbon dioxide emissions a year from traditional fossil-fuel energy sources. Solana represents the first solar and renewable energy field built in Arizona to help the state and the nation reduce its dependency on foreign oil and fossil fuels, while meeting national goals on lowering annual carbon dioxide production.
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A L L I A N C E B A N K O F A R I Z O N A , C I T Y S C A P E , P H O E N I X | 2 012 Construction of CityScape, a twenty-seven-story, mixed-use office, retail, entertainment, residential, and hotel high-rise development, began in 2008. The nine hundred million-dollar project stands on the former site of Patriots Square Park and encompasses three city blocks within walking distance of every major downtown venue. The urban renewal project was designed by Callison Architects, developed by RED Development, and built by Hunt Construction Group.
is growing in Arizona, with projected growth of ten percent annually through 2018. The industry employs almost forty-three thousand advanced workers, and another one hundred eleven thousand in indirect jobs creating 14.99 billion dollars in revenue and 2.87 billion dollars in exports. Sustaining and attracting high-tech industries requires a highly skilled workforce, yet, the percentage of science and engineering degrees from Arizona’s universities — at 18.6 percent — is the lowest in the nation, half the national average. We must break the cycle. Arizona leaders must come together and make smart investments in our educational system. Coordinated support for
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T H E W. A . F R A N K E CO L L E G E O F B U S I N E S S , N O R T H E R N A R I ZO N A U N I V E R S I T Y, F L AG S TA F F | 2 014 In January 2006, Northern Arizona University opened the W.A. Franke College of Business, a one hundred ten thousand-square-foot LEED Gold-certified building, now the centerpiece of NAU’s commitment to the college’s professional degree programs. The college is named in honor of William A. “Bill” Franke, who made a transformational gift of twenty-five million dollars in 2007 to help the annual funding of scholarships to the College of Business, as well as fund program and faculty development. Franke’s hope is that his investment in the college will assist a diverse pool of students, including first-generation Hispanic and American Indian business students. The Alliance Bank Business Outreach Center is headquartered in the W.A. Franke College of Business is the only U.S. Economic Development Administration supported University Center in the state.
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) programs in our K-12 public schools is essential, as is increased investment in our state universities, particularly in engineering, and other STEM degree programs. These investments must be coupled with smart tax policies that attract employers willing to make major capital investments in Arizona while looking to hire our well-educated, innovative workers. We need to encourage private/public partnerships between our universities’ engineering, technical, and scientific research faculty and private companies willing to invest in new, innovative technologies. Arizona is locked in a global “knowledge race” for talent
and opportunity — a race that cannot be won without Arizona’s civic, business, education, and political leadership committing the resources necessary to compete in the twenty-first century. It is my hope that this pictorial essay of Arizona’s first one hundred years of commerce will inspire and challenge this generation of confident, self-reliant Arizonans — who love this state as much as I do — to make big bets on our state’s future, starting with increased investments in education, to ensure our next one hundred years are even better than the last. — James H. Lundy Chief Executive Officer, Alliance Bank of Arizona
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A R I Z O N A FA L L S , P H O E N I X | C I R C A 2 0 0 3 Salt River Project’s Arizona Falls at Fifty-sixth Street and East Indian School Road features the Phoenix Art Commission’s “WaterWorks at Arizona Falls” project. The historic site on the Arizona Canal was rededicated in 2003 as a neighborhood hydroelectric power station and park that represents the municipal water and power company’s commitment to the Arcadia neighborhood and the overall generation of clean energy.
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PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS iii Atlas Shrugged: Alliance Bank of Arizona, Phoenix; 2004 | Marilyn Szabo iv Phoenix Financial Center, Phoenix; 2012 | Marilyn Szabo vi The Photography Exhibit Begins, Phoenix; 2003 | Marilyn Szabo vii A Portrait in the Desert, Tucson; 2014 | Darin E. Reid viii Central Arizona Project, Maricopa County; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 1 Bruce Babbitt | Ministro del Ambiente Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, Coconino County; 2000 | Bob Wick, Courtesy BLM 2 Fort Lowell, Tucson; 1942 | Arizona Historical Society Alliance Bank, Swan Branch, Tucson; 2004 | Marilyn Szabo 3 Theodore Roosevelt Dam; circa 1908 | Courtesy SRP Research Archives 4 Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix; circa 1912 | Courtesy Arizona Geological Society 5 Isabella Greenway, Williams; circa 1930s | Courtesy Arizona Inn 6 Old Main, University of Arizona, Tucson; circa 1960s | Arizona Historical Society 7 El Conquistador Hotel, Tucson; circa 1920s | Arizona Historical Society Arizona Ice & Cold Storage Company, Tucson; circa 1920s | Arizona Historical Society, Buehman Collection, B20 101 Del Webb’s First Skyscraper, Phoenix; circa 1960s | Arizona Historical Society 8 Chicago Cubs, Mesa; circa 1950s | Arizona Museum of Natural History 9 Durant’s, Phoenix; circa 1950s | Courtesy Durant’s 10 Mule Pass Tunnel; 1958 | Szabo Photography AZ Collection John C. Lincoln Hospital, Phoenix; circa 1965 | Courtesy John C. Lincoln Hospital Health Network 11 Rug Trading, Navajo Reservation; circa 1940 | Richard Van Valkenburgh, Arizona Historical Society, 362112045 Dr 3 12 Egyptian Cotton Gin, Mesa; 1915 | Arizona Museum of Natural History 13 Jacobs Assay, Tucson; 1920s | Courtesy Jacobs Assay 14 Goettl Air Conditioning, Phoenix; 1960s | Paul Markow, Sr., Courtesy Paul Markow, Jr. Mesa Arizona Temple; Mesa; 1989 | Courtesy Visit Mesa
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15 Dwight B. Heard Investments, Phoenix; circa 1910s | Courtesy McCulloch Brothers Photographs, Herb and Dorothy McLaughlin Collection, Arizona State Libraries 16 Theodore Roosevelt Dam; circa 1993 | James Eastwood, Courtesy SRP Research Archives Blakely’s Gas; circa 1950s | Chandler Museum 17 Charles A. Lindbergh, Tucson Municipal Airport; 1927 | Arizona Historical Society, BV 206191 18 Welcome to Phoenix, Sky Harbor Airport; 1953 | Arizona Historical Society, 92.78.1936 Terminal 4, Sky Harbor Airport, Phoenix; 1989 | Marilyn Szabo 19 Concorde, Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix; 1986 | Marilyn Szabo 20 Phoenix Sky Train, Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix; 2014 | Bob Perzel 21 Salt River Project Switchyard, Mesa; circa 1960s | Courtesy SRP Research Archives Palo Verde Nuclear Power Plant, Tonopah; 1995 | Coogan Photographic 22 Hoover Dam, Arizona Nevada Border; circa 1990s | Courtesy the Bureau of Reclamation Arizona Falls, Phoenix; 1901 | Courtesy SRP Research Archives 23 Lake Pleasant Marina; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo 24 Sunbelt Soliloquy, Phoenix; circa 1990s | Adriel Heisey 25 Union Pacific Railroad, Phoenix; circa 2000s | Werner Segarra Photography 26 Union Station, Phoenix; circa 1930s | USC Doheny Memorial Library, Rm 206 Metro Light Rail Construction, Phoenix; circa 2007 | Marilyn Szabo 27 Gila River Power Station, Gila Bend; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo 28 Yuma Lettuce Farms, Yuma; circa 2000s | Peter Haden Photography Irrigation, AJ Chandler Canals; circa 1891 | Chandler Museum 29 Goodyear Corporation Convention, Goodyear; 1953 | Szabo Photography AZ Collection 30 Clyde Sharp Cotton Farm, Yuma; 2013 | Cary Blake
31 Walter Jordan Orchards, Sedona; circa 1936 | Courtesy Sedona Heritage Museum, Sedona, Arizona Shamrock Farms Dairy, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo Navajo Sheepherders, Navajo Nation; circa 2000s | Robert Stein III 32 Medjool Date Farm, Yuma; 2014 | Courtesy Bard Valley Medjool Date Growers Hayden Flour Mills, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 33 Fiesta Farm and Cannery, McNeal; circa 2000s | Courtesy Macayo’s Mexican Restaurants 34 Cattle Stock Exchange, Phoenix; 2003 | Marilyn Szabo 35 Tovrea Stockyards, Phoenix; circa 1940s | Arizona Historical Society, 92.78.1163 36 Ponderovey Dairy, Glendale; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo Hickman’s Family Farms, Arlington; 2014 | Courtesy Hickman’s Family Farms 37 Citrus Salt River Association, Phoenix; circa 1920s | Arizona Historical Society, 79.95.8119 38 Silver King Mine, Superior; circa 1880s | Arizona Historical Society, B 91782 39 Tucson Pressed Brick Company, Tucson; circa 1920s | Arizona Historical Society, B 92.788-92, 79 40 Jacobs Assay, Tucson; 2006 | Marilyn Szabo TagWorks, Tempe; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo Phoenix Lettering, Phoenix; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo 41 Mirror Construction, University of Arizona, Tucson; circa 2000s | Courtesy University of Arizona 42 Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee; 1910 | Bisbee Historical Society White Motor Company Truck, Morenci Mine, Morenci; circa 1950s | Courtesy Arizona Geological Society 43 Miami Mine Concentrator; circa 1950s | Arizona Historical Society 44 Phelps Dodge Copper Turbines, Morenci; circa 1950s | Courtesy Arizona Geological Society 45 Jerome Mine Train; circa 1900 | Jeremy Rowe Collection 46 Smith Pipe and Steel, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 47 Karsten Solheim, Moon Valley Country Club, Phoenix; 1967 | Courtesy PING 48 Mirror Polishing, University of Arizona, Tucson; 2010 | Courtesy University of Arizona Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff; circa 2000s | Douglas Merriam
49 Kitt Peak on a Winter Day, Tucson; circa 1990s | NOAO/ AURA/NSF 50 Bombardier, Tucson; circa 2000s | Tim Fuller Photography Falcon Field, Mesa; circa 1943 | Arizona Museum of Natural History 51 F-35B Lightning II, Yuma; 2014 | Joe Kates 52 Intel Corporation, Chandler; 1980 | Szabo Photography AZ Collection Air Products Corporation, Chandler; 2013 | Courtesy Air Products 53 Intel Fabrication Plant 42, Chandler; 2012 | Will Seberger Apple-GT Advanced Technologies Factory, Mesa; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 54 Titan Missile Museum, Green Valley; circa 1986 | Chuck Penson, Titan Missile Museum. Dirigible Plant, The Goodyear Aircraft Corporation, Goodyear; circa 1940s | Szabo Photography AZ Collection 55 Navajo Code Talkers; 2012 | Patrick Frilet, Hemis/Alamy 56 Fort Huachuca, Sierra Vista; 1958 | Courtesy Fort Huachuca Museum Curiosity Mars Rover; 2010 | Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech 57 Boeing, Mesa; 2014 | Boeing Images 58 Raytheon Missile Systems, Tucson; circa 1990s | Raytheon Corp 59 Motorola, Scottsdale; circa 1960s | Arizona Historical Society, 55661 60 Dr. Roy Curtiss III, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe; 2006 | Marilyn Szabo 61 Diethrich Heart Center, Phoenix; circa 1990 | Marilyn Szabo 62 St. Luke’s Sanatorium, Phoenix; circa 1920s | Courtesy St. Luke’s Hospital 63 Health Sciences Educational Building, University of Arizona, Phoenix; 2014 | Bill Timmerman 64 Gordon A. Ewy M.D., Tucson; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 65 Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson; 2006 | Marilyn Szabo 66 Triathlon, Lake Pleasant; circa 1998 | Marilyn Szabo Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 67 Muhammad Ali at Celebrity Fight Night, Phoenix; 2006 | Marilyn Szabo 68 Tempe City Hall, Tempe; circa 2000s | Scott Mckenzie
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68 Westward Ho, Phoenix; 2012 | Marilyn Szabo 69 University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale; 2010 | Marilyn Szabo 70 Pedro E. Guerrero, Florence; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo 71 Frank Lloyd Wright, Chandler; 1929 | Chandler Museum 72 Phoenix City Hall, Phoenix; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo 73 Grady Gammage Memorial Auditorium, Arizona State University, Tempe; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 74 Sun State Builders, Tempe; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo Arizona 303 Construction, Phoenix; circa 2013 | Thomas Schultz 75 Highway Interchange with Channelized River, Phoenix; 2002 | Adriel Heisey 76 Mary Jane Colter, Grand Canyon Village; circa 1935 | Courtesy National Park Service, Grand Canyon 77 The Indian Watchtower at Desert View, Grand Canyon National Park; circa 2000s | Tom Bean 78 Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, Hoover Dam; 2009 | Jamey Stillings 79 Phoenix Herald Building, Phoenix; circa 1879 | Arizona Historical Society Good Samaritan Hospital Construction, Phoenix; 1979 | Mark Culbertson, Courtesy Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center 80 Arizona Biltmore, Phoenix; 1930 | Courtesy Arizona Biltmore Resort and Spa 81 Tovrea Castle, Phoenix; circa 1985 | Marilyn Szabo 82 Superlite Block/Haver House, Phoenix; 2014 | Courtesy Baxter Imaging LLC John F. Long, Phoenix; circa 1950s | Courtesy John F. Long Foundation 83 Maryvale Homes, Phoenix; circa 1950s | Courtesy John F. Long Foundation 84 Trailer Sales, Phoenix; circa 1950s | Arizona Museum of Natural History Gold Canyon Golf Resort, Apache Junction; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 85 Downtown Scottsdale Development, Scottsdale; 2005 | Dayvid Lemmon 86 DC Ranch, Scottsdale; 2014 | Courtesy DMB, Inc O.S. Stapley Hardware Building on Grand Avenue, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 87 Ghost Ranch, Tucson; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo 88 West 6th, Tempe; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo Portland Place, Phoenix; 2008 | Al Payne, A.F. Payne Photographic, Tempe, Arizona 89 Meritage Homes, Scottsdale; 2014 | Courtesy Meritage Homes 90 Miracle Mile, Phoenix; circa 2000s | Marilyn Szabo Bill Johnson’s Big Apple Restaurant, Phoenix; circa 1950s | Courtesy Bill Johnson Family 91 Mark Tarbell, Tarbell’s Restaurant, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 92 Flagstaff Brewing Company, Flagstaff; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo Craig DeMarco, Joyride Taco House, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo
93 P.F. Chang’s China Bistro, Scottsdale; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 94 Vincent Guerithault, Vincent on Camelback, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo Queen Creek Olive Mill, Queen Creek; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 95 Daniel Contreras, El Guero Canelo, Tucson; 2007 | Marilyn Szabo 96 Copper Star Coffee Shop, Phoenix; 2012 | Marilyn Szabo Museum Club, Flagstaff; 2007 | Marilyn Szabo 97 Woody’s Macayo Mexican Kitchen, Phoenix; circa 1960s | Courtesy Macayo’s Mexican Restaurants 98 Tucson Realty and Trust Co., Tucson; circa 1920s | Arizona Historical Society, 63214 Valley National Bank, Phoenix; 1970 | Szabo Photography AZ Collection 99 Consolidated National Bank Teller, Tucson; circa 1910s | Arizona Historical Society, 44337 100 Apple Store, Scottsdale; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 101 Goldwater’s Park Central Mall, Phoenix; 1957 | Department of Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA 102 A.J. Bayless Breaking Ground, Phoenix; 1948 | Courtesy Arizona Food Marketing Alliance 103 Herb Owens, Phoenix; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo 104 Ronstadts Hardware Store, Tucson; 1947 | UA Special Collections Joe Davis, Joe’s Barber Shop, Mesa; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo Babbitt Brothers Trading Post, Flagstaff; 1920 | Northern Arizona University, Cline Library, Special Collections and Archives, PH 421.1 105 Thomas Brothers, Phoenix; circa 1940s | Dorothy and Herb McLaughlin, Szabo Photography AZ Collection 106 Courier Graphics, Phoenix; 2003 | Marilyn Szabo Treg Bradley, Owner, American Agritech and Art Philanthropist, Scottsdale; 2008 | Marilyn Szabo The Davis Experience, Tempe; 2007 | Al Payne, A.F. Payne Photographic, Tempe, Arizona 107 Milum Textile Services on Seventh Avenue, Phoenix; circa 1950s | Courtesy Craig Milum 108 Lou Grubb, Phoenix; circa 1970s | Courtesy Grubb Family Private Collection Mesa Discount, Mesa; 1965 | Courtesy Mesa Discount 109 Biltmore Fashion Park, Phoenix; 2006 | Marilyn Szabo 110 Arizona Brewing Company, Phoenix A-1 Queens, Phoenix; circa 1940s | ASU Special Collections Zora Folley, Phoenix; circa 1950s | ASU Special Collections 111 Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Phoenix; 1965 | Szabo Photography AZ Collection 112 Jim Brock and ASU Sun Devils Baseball Team, Tempe; 1990 | Sundi Kjenstad, Courtesy Sun Devil Athletics Frank Kush, Arizona State University, Tempe; circa 1960s | ASU Special Collections 113 Sun Devil Stadium, Arizona State University, Tempe; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo
114 Jerry Colangelo, Bank One Ballpark, Phoenix; 1996 | Marilyn Szabo 115 World Series Win, Bank One Ballpark, Phoenix; 2001 | Courtesy Gary Millard 116 US Airways Center, Phoenix; 2011 | Marilyn Szabo 117 Robert Sarver, Phoenix Suns; 2013 | Christian Petersen Steve Nash, Phoenix Suns; 2011 | Barry Gossage, Courtesy Phoenix Suns 118 Phil Mickelson, TPC Stadium Course, Scottsdale; 1997 | Mike Eller Topgolf, Scottsdale; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 119 Salt River Fields at Talking Stick, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community; 2011 | Tim Roberts Photography 120 University of Arizona Wildcat Football Team, Bear Down Field, Arizona Stadium, Tucson; circa 1980s | Courtesy UA Athletics 121 Danica Patrick, Firebird Raceway, Phoenix; 2012 | Mike York, Associated Press 122 Bee Line Dragway, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community; 1963 | Courtesy J. R. Bloom Oak Creek Country Club, Sedona; 2014 | Chad Ehlers, Alamy Arizona Snowbowl, Flagstaff; circa 2000s | Courtesy Arizona Snowbowl 123 Water Skiing, Apache Lake; 2012 | Scott Baxter, Courtesy Visit Mesa 124 Camelback Inn, Paradise Valley; circa 1950s | Arizona Historical Society 125 Miss Holiday Magazine, Phoenix Chamber of Commerce, Phoenix; circa 1950s | Arizona Historical Society 126 Mule Train, Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon National Park; 2013 | Michael Quinn, Courtesy National Park Service 127 El Tovar, Grand Canyon Village, Grand Canyon National Park; 2010 | Yngvar Johnsen 128 Old Territorial Shop and Gallery, Scottsdale; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo Phil Dexter with Big Surf Prototype, Tempe; 1966 | Courtesy Big Surf 129 Rawhide, Scottsdale; 2003 | Marilyn Szabo 130 View Hotel, Monument Valley, Navajo Reservation; circa 2012 | Courtesy Bob Maze 131 Rancho De La Osa, Sasabe; circa 1920s | Arizona Historical Society 132 Saguaro and Tourist, Phoenix; 1960 | Szabo Photography AZ Collection El Rancho Motel, Phoenix; 1960 | Thomas Parks, Thomas Robinson Collection 133 Mission San Xavier Del Bac, Tucson; circa 1940s | John F. Ronstadt, UA Special Collections 134 Arizona Inn, Tucson; circa 1990s | Courtesy Arizona Inn 135 Sanctuary, Camelback Mountain Resort and Spa, Paradise Valley; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 136 Michael M. Crow, Ph.D., SkySong, Arizona State University, Scottsdale; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo
136 Curving Arcades (Homage to Bernini), East Entrance, University of Arizona; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo 137 Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communications, Arizona State University, Phoenix; 2013 | Bill Timmerman, Courtesy Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communications 138 Ballet Folklorico of Arizona, Phoenix; 1989 | Marilyn Szabo 139 Lute Olson, University of Arizona; 2005 | Marilyn Szabo 140 Pete Deise, Artist, Phoenix; 2011 | Marilyn Szabo Ed Mell, Artist, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 141 Jim Ballinger, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 142 DeGrazia Mission in the Sun, Tucson; circa 1970s | Courtesy DeGrazia Foundation Lalo Guerrero, Tucson; 2003 | Nancy De Los Santos 143 Sedona Arts Center, Sedona; circa 1960s | Bob Bradshaw, Sedona Heritage Museum, Sedona, Arizona 144 Marilyn Monroe, Bus Stop, Arizona State Fairgrounds, Phoenix; 1956 | Thomas Parks, Thomas Robinson Collection Old Tucson, Tucson; circa 1960s | Arizona Historical Society 145 Phoenix Symphony, Phoenix; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo 146 John G. Sperling, Ph.D., University of Phoenix, Phoenix; circa unknown | Ken Easley, Courtesy University of Phoenix Phoenix College, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 147 Grand Canyon University Arena, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 148 Tempe Center for the Arts, Tempe; 2012 | Marilyn Szabo 149 Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff; 1948 | Museum of Northern Arizona 150 Valley Metro Light Rail, Phoenix; circa 2000s | Christopher Barr 151 State Farm Marina Heights, Tempe; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo 152 Thomas Keating Bioresearch Building, University of Arizona, Tucson; circa 2000s | Courtesy University of Arizona 153 SkySong, Arizona State University, Scottsdale; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo 154 University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix; 2014 | Marilyn Szabo Rufus Glasper, Ph.D., Phoenix; 2014 | Maricopa Community Colleges 155 Solana Abengoa Solar Array, Gila Bend; 2013 | Marilyn Szabo 156 Alliance Bank of Arizona, CityScape, Phoenix; 2012 | Marilyn Szabo The W.A. Franke College of Business, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff; 2014 | Courtesy Northern Arizona University, W.A. Franke College of Busines 157 Arizona Falls, Phoenix; circa 2003 | Courtesy SRP Research Archives 160 “A” Rising, Alliance Bank of Arizona, Cityscape, Phoenix; 2011 | Marilyn Szabo
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