HISTORY // LINES

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HISTORY ///////

LINES

A FRAMEWORK FOR DECOLONIZATION

& LAND BACK THEORY IN URBAN LANDSCAPES

FOR FUTURE CLIMATE RESILIENCE

THIS ZINE WAS PRINTED ON THE UNCEDED LAND OF THE DUWAMISH PEOPLE - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. MAY ALL WORK THAT WE DO ON THIS LAND HONOR THIS HISTORY. DARRYL VALLEJOS

|

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

|

CAPSTONE STUDIO 2024

THIS IS NOT A D

THIS IS A FUTURE IMAGINARY; A PIECE OF

LENS OF DESIGN MEANT AS A CATALYST FO DECOLONIZATION AND REINDIGENIZING

CONTEXT. THIS IS INTENDED AS A SMALL P

ABOUT THE FIGHT FOR INDIGENO HOW CAN THE FRAMEWORK OF DESIGN

FURTHER THIS FIGHT? HOW CAN DESIGN BE R

TO SOMETHING THAT SEEKS TO HELP IN VIS

RESILIENCE, AND REMEMBERANCE? THE H

THAT CREATED THE WORLD WE NOW INHAB

WORLD DO WE WISH TO LEAVE FO

THESE QUESTIONS CANNOT BE ANSWERED B

ANSWER THEM. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AROU

TAKEN FROM THEM BY THE DARK HISTORY

REINDIGENIZED FUTURE CAN BE DECIDE THEM. THIS IS THE OVERARCHING GOAL OF

OF WHAT THAT COULD LOOK

i

DESIGN PROJECT.

F SPECULATIVE VISIONING THROUGH THE

OR STARTING CONVERSATION ABOUT WHAT THE LAND COULD LOOK LIKE IN AN URBAN

PIECE OF A MUCH LARGER CONVERSATION

OUS RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD. THINKING BE UTILIZED AS A TOOL TO

REFRAMED FROM A TOP-DOWN APPROACH

SUALIZING A FUTURE OF RECLAMATION,

HISTORIES OF THESE LANDS ARE THE STORIES

BIT. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? WHAT

OR OUR FUTURE ANCESTORS?

BY DESIGN, NOR DOES THIS PROJECT SEEK TO

UND THE WORLD HAVE HAD THEIR AGENCY

Y OF COLONIZATION FOR CENTURIES, AND A

ED ONLY BY RETURNING THAT AGENCY TO THIS PROJECT - TO PROVIDE ONE VISION

K LIKE, NOT WHAT IT SHOULD.

ii

CONTEXT: NORTH SEATTLE, WASHINGTON. PRESENT DAY.

LAKE WASHINGTON

THORNTON CREEK

PUGET SOUND NORTHGATE

RAVENNA CREEK

GREEN LAKE

UNION BAY

LAKE UNION

01

02

09

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF HAH-CHU “THE BIG LAKE” - (LAKE WASHINGTON) hloo-weehl-AHBSH

01

06

10

02

09

tu-oh-beh-DAHBSH

skah-TELB-shabsh

s-tsah-PABSH J UL ND) WHT SOU GE

(PU

HU ON) H-C NGT HAWASHI KE

(LA

Indigenous people have occupied the shores of “hah-chu” (The Big Lake) since time immemorial. The people here were overall referred to as “hah-chu-AHBSH” or “People from the Big Lake” by communities on the Puget Sound, but themselves identified as the village where they were from. Apart from the TAHB-tah-byook who were linguistically tied to the Sammamish and Snoqualmie people of the east, the hahchu-AHBSH were linguistically related to the people of the Duwamish river valley. Later in the history of colonization, these communities were forcibly grouped with the Duwamish during treaty negotiations with the colonists, often having treaties signed on their behalf without their consent.

2

TAHB-ta-byook

sah-tsah-kah-LUBSH N

HISTORY // LINES;

01

WHY

02

03

01

07

THE CLIMATE CRISIS IS INTERWOVEN WITH THE STRUGGLE FOR INDIGENOUS RIGHTS ACROSS THE EARTH. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE MAKE UP ONLY 15% OF THE EARTH’S POPULATION, YET ARE THE PROTECTORS OF 80% OF ALL BIODIVERSITY. THROUGHOUT THE LAST 500 YEARS OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM, MUCH OF THE INDIGENOUS WAYS OF LIFE HAVE BEEN SYSTEMATICALLY ERRATICATED. IN SEATTLE, THE ANCESTRAL HOMELANDS OF THE DUWAMISH, MUCKLESHOOT, & SUQUAMISH PEOPLES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED & INDUSTRIALIZED OVER THE LAST 150 YEARS IN DIRECT CONTRAST TO THEIR TRADITIONAL WAYS OF LIFE. THE WESTERN CAPITALIST RELATIONSHIP WITH THE EARTH HAS BROUGHT US TO THE PRECIPICE OF CLIMACTIC DISASTER IN THE 21ST CENTURY. THERE IS NO PATH FORWARD WITHOUT A RADICAL SHIFT IN OUR PERSPECTIVES; WITHOUT MENDING THE TRAUMA INFLICTED UPON THE EARTH AND ITS PEOPLE.

HOW •

IDENTIFY HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT INDIGENOUS SITES THROUGHOUT NORTH SEATTLE

•

CREATE TARGETED INTERVENTIONS AT SITES THAT BOTH PAY HOMAGE TO THEIR HISTORIES AND • CREATE SPACE FOR A REINDIGENIZED FUTURE

•

LAKE WASHINGTON

CONNECT SITES WITH TRAIL SYSTEM THAT NAVIGATES THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND RECONNECTS SITES ONCE CONNECTED BY INDIGENOUS TRAIL SYSTEMS ESTABLISH AN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY SPACE FOR EDUCATING & COMMUNITY BUILDING

EDUCATE & UNDERSTAND LAYERS OF HISTORIES

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION CLIMATE CONSCIOUSNESS

IMAGINE INDIGENIZED URBAN FUTURES

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

03

07

CREATE SPACE FOR COMMUNITYBUILDING

LIFE BEYOND CAPITALISM

02

01

RE-INDIGENIZE ECOSYSTEM STEWARDSHIP

DECOLONIZATION

03

03

GOALS

LAND BACK

02

02

REESTABLISH INDIGENOUS ECOSYSTEMS THROUGH TARGETED DECOLONIZING OF SPACE

VALUES

01

•

01

DECOLONIZE URBAN SPACES

06

3

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

* The signing of the Treaty of Point Elliott forced indigenous people off their homelands and into reservations found throughout the Puget Sound region to make way for mass influxes of settler colonists into Seattle. The treaty signing intentionally excluded large numbers of indigenous communities - forcing certain tribal leaders to sign for communities they did not represent - and was, for many, not translated into their languages which left them unaware as to what they were signing. The loss and destruction of indigenous communities and the ecosystems they stewarded since time immemorial can be traced back to this fateful day.

1855 1851 THE ARRIVAL OF THE DENNY PARTY

∞ - 1851 FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL This land has been, is, and will continue to be the homelands of the Coast Salish Peoples, including the Duwamish, Muckleshoot, and Suquamish tribes.

The first colonists to establish a permanent settlement that would start the wave of colonization in what is now known as Seattle

THE SIGNING OF THE TREATY OF POINT ELLIOTT The treaty signing that led to the colonial control of indigenous lands to establish the white settlements in the greater Seattle area. *

I-5 OPENS THROUGH SEATTLE NORTHGATE MALL OPENS SEATTLE REACHES ITS CURRENT NORTHERN EXTENT

In an era of rapid suburban expansion, the construction of one of the nation’s first major shopping centers - Northgate opens to serve new communities.

Seattle’s annexation extends northward in a patchwork until it reached its northernmost extent - at 145th st.

1960

1954

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

4

After the Federal Highway Act of the 1950’s, I-5 carves a canyon through the center of the city, and penetrates directly through the Northgate neighborhood.

1964

HISTORIES OF NORTH SEATTLE

1916 - 1934

1905

THE LOWERING OF LAKE WASHINGTON

THE BEGINNING OF THE ANNEXATION OF NORTH SEATTLE The treaty signing that led to the colonial control of indigenous lands to establish the white settlements in the greater Seattle area. *

PRESENT REALITY NORTHGATE MALL REDEVELOPMENT BEGINS Coenciding with the rise in new-urbanist developments, Northgate is selected as a site to be redeveloped as a dense urban neighborhhood.

The creation of the Ballard Locks and Montlake Cut that redirected the outflow of Lake Washington - this lead to the lowering of the lake by 8’, uprooting indigenous communities and impacting ecological stability

In the midst of major shifts, the Northgate neighborhood is perfectly positioned to be a catalyst for radically reimagining our relationships with the urban environment. Who do our cities serve? What can they become in the midst of the climate crisis?

2024

2008

5

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

ANALYSIS: NORTH SEATTLE HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT INDIGENOUS SITES 04

01// tlooqw-qeed - “bald head”

02

barton woods

01

03

02// leeq-tud - “red paint”

07

licton springs park

03// duhw-tlush - meaning unknown

05

06

green lake

04// see-sathl-tub - “calm down a little” haller lake

05// duhw-hoo-bud - “silenced place” matthews beach

06// s-thloo-weethl - “little canoe hole” mouth of ravenna creek

07// name unknown wedgewood erratic

SIGNIFICANT HYDROLOGICAL FEATURES LICTON SPRINGS DRAIN CHANNEL

These waterways were significant to the hah-chuBAHSH, and were utilized in a vast number of ways. The mouths of Ravenna and Thornton Creeks were both sites of significant longhouse villages that were sustained by these waterways. They were also used to navigate upland towards Green Lake and the bog and prarie that existed on what is now Northgate. These uplands were important summer hunting and gardening grounds that were expertly curated over thousands of years to be productive and self-sustaining. Today, they exist as heavily urbanized relics of what once was, with Thornton Creek being the last salmon-bearing watershed in present-day Seattle.

THORNTON CREEK SOUTH FORK THORNTON CREEK NORTH FORK

GREEN LAKE

RAVENNA CREEK

UNION BAY

HISTORIC ECOSYSTEMS OF NORTH SEATTLE

UPLAND FORESTS • Dominated the majority of the Puget Lowlands • Coniferous forests interspersed with deciduous food forests

UPLAND PRARIES • Curated with prescribed burns to enhance food-producing plants for gardening and enticing animals for hunting

FRESHWATER WETLANDS • High food-producing environments found at creek mouths and sheltered bays in freshwater water bodies

SALTWATER WETLANDS • High food-producing environments filled with sea life (shellfish like clams & oysters, fish, and other sea life), saltwater plants, and other usable ecosystem functions

01

03

04

05

06

09

10

02

04

09

6

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

UPLAND BOG & WETLAND ECOLOGIES

Bogs and freshwater wetlands are key productive ecosystems for indigenous people throughout the greater Salish Sea region. Their conditions create a unique environment for high yields of food and resources. Their seasonality make them ideal places to garden and curate across seasons.

LAGG AND OUTER WETLAND

Sk un kC

BOG CENTER AND INNER WETLAND

a bb e ag

kC

ab b

rs Ho

Sku n

e

h Sedge Sloug il et a

ag hS ug Slo

edg

e

Fe r n S

ew u nd

Tea

er

Bog

n C ra

be

ck e n

rr y

rn

or

Fe

st We

ad

n

La

br

dy

g

La

S al al

rr

y

H

em

B ra

Ro

Bo

d ar

un

dle

el

af S

aur

e d ce

HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT INDIGENOUS FOOD SOURCES

a l al

Cottongrass

Bo g L

R Western

When paired with upland prairies, wetlands create an ideal environment for hunting. Since time immemorial these ecosystems were curated with plants that not only provided food for indigenous people, but also intentionally attracted a wide array of animals. The depth and intricacy of these micro-ecologies meant that they carried with them immense significance for all Coast Salish peoples.

lo

ck

Si t

ka

Sp r

uce

Pacific Crab ap ple Hu

er c k leb

ry

Sa

l

n mo

be

FOOD FOREST PLANT ECOLOGIES Food forests are an integral part of food production for Coast Salish people across the greater Salish Sea region. Throughout different communities, the plants that are selected differ slightly depending on local environmental conditions and individual community diets, but they share their function as an intricately crafted and maintained micro-ecology.

Re d

PERIPHERY FORESTS

Al

r de ck Hu

ild W

sparilla Sar

UNDERSTORY & GROUNDCOVER

le ab a p p

c Cr

cifi

N o o tk a R ose

d

H

az

eln

ut Wild

W e st

er n

Plu m

B

H l a ck

aw

th

or

n

Fi r

ck

Though the practice is found today throughout indigenous-managed forests, there is distinct characteristics of food forests that prove their extensive proliferation across the region. To this day, food forests that are no longer managed still thrive. The ecosystems that indigenous people crafted before colonization were self-sustaining and reflect a management practice for productive ecosystems as climate change demands we radically shift our ecosystem management practices.

Pa

e

oo

e m lo

o gw

um

Sa

ier D

Pl

lm

’s on

o nb

S ol o m

R ed O s

Western H

er r y

Wild G i

Red Elder b

ng er

err y

Or eg

on

Gr

e ap

UPPER STORY TREES & SHRUBS

rr y lebe

u Do

Red

ceda

gl a

s

r

ANALYSIS: INDIGENOUS ECOLOGIES 7

TRADITIONAL INDIGENOUS MIGRATION PATTERNS ///// SUMMER - WINTER 05

HYDROLOGIES

HISTORIES

HISTORY // LINES

ECOLOGIES

ANALYSIS // SYNTHESIS 8

06

10

12

02

TRAIL SYSTEM 04

01 02

05

07

03 HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT INDIGENOUS SITES 01// tlooqw-qeed - “bald head”

06

barton woods

02// leeq-tud - “red paint”

licton springs park

03// duhw-tlush - meaning unknown green lake

04// see-sathl-tub - “calm down a little” haller lake

05// duhw-hoo-bud - “silenced place” matthews beach

- “little canoe hole” 06// s-thloo-weethl mouth of ravenna creek unknown 07// name wedgwood erratic

A number of upland trails once existed throughout what is now North Seattle.

Though the knowledge of the trail network that once was is no longer, by reconnecting these historically significant sites with a trail system of its own stands as a way to reclaim urban space and pay homage to this history.

The trail system is aligned along quiet streets where possible, and along waterways like Thornton Creek as a way to reutilize them as wayfinding devices, much as they were used since time immemorial.

THORNTON CREEK TRAIL BARTON WOODS

GREENWOOD

MATTHEWS BEACH

GREEN LAKE

WEDGWOOD

BALLARD LAURELHURST WALLINGFORD

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON UNION BAY

FREMONT

05

01

04

09

9

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

TRAIL SYSTEM HIGHLIGHTED SITES

02

leeq-tud - “red paint”

licton springs park

Terminus for wing of trail, ending in a monument to site history as a place to gather red mud to make pigments, as well as its history as a healing spring. The gradual reestablishment & daylighting of the licton springs water channel down to green lake.

03

duhw-tlush - meaning unknown green lake

Daylit run of licton springs creek ends in the establishment of wetland farming methods at the northern portion of green lake. Creates a productive wetland space that could be managed with traditional farming methods.

04

see-sathl-tub - “calm down a little” haller lake

Terminus for wing of trail, ending in a monument to site history as a hide out for indigenous people during slave raids.

This pays homage to the layers of history that exist on the site - from hiding place to privatized and exclusionary.

06

s-thloo-weethl - “little canoe hole” mouth of ravenna creek

Location of historic longhouse village intervention possibilities could include small monument, art installation, gathering space, etc.

07

name unknown

wedgewood erratic

Secondary convergence of trails - small monument that pays homage to site’s importance as wayfinding device in indigenous upland trail system.

05

06

07

10

01

BARTON WOODS HISTORIC HEADWATERS OF THORNTON CREEK. ADDRESSED IN MORE DETAIL ON FOLLOWING PAGES.

MATTHEWS BEACH 05 HISTORIC MOUTH OF THORNTON CREEK. ADDRESSED IN MORE DETAIL ON FOLLOWING PAGES.

04

01 02

03

05

07

06

05

01

04

09

11

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

BARTON WOODS tlooqw-qeed - “bald head” BARTON WOODS IS ON THE SITE OF THE HISTORIC HEADWATERS OF THRONTON CREEK. WHAT WAS ONCE A WETLAND & CRANBERRY BOG, THE ENTIRETY OF WHAT IS NOW THE NORTHGATE NEIGHBORHOOD WAS PART OF A LARGE UPLAND PRARIE - AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE ECOSYSTEM & AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF FOOD FOR THE COAST SALISH PEOPLE. THIS BOUNTIFUL LAND WAS PART OF THEIR SEASONAL MIGRATIONS AN INTRICATELY CULTIVATED LANDSCAPE TO HUNT AND GROW ON IN THE SUMMER MONTHS BEFORE RETURNING TO PERMANENT VILLAGES AT THE MOUTHS OF THORNTON AND RAVENNA CREEKS. THROUGH LAND CLAIMS & ANNEXATION BY THE CITY OF SEATTLE, THE LAND THAT WAS ONCE INTEGRAL TO THE LIVES OF THE PEOPLE LIVING HERE SUDDENLY BECAME ILLEGAL FOR THEM TO BE ON.

A VISION OF THE PAST A PAVED OVER PRESENT AN IMAGINED FUTURE

THORNTON CREEK

WETLAND & CRANBERRY BOG

PROPOSED IS A THLOOQW-QUEED OF THE FUTURE WHERE COMMUNITY CAN GATHER, THE LAND AND HER INHABITANTS RESPECTED, AND AN ECOSYSTEM CULTIVATED WITH TRADITIONAL WAYS OF KNOWING CAN THRIVE ONCE AGAIN. A LAND WHO’S FUTURE ISN’T DETERMINED FROM THE TOP DOWN, BUT GIVEN THE SPACE TO BUILD TOWARDS A FUTURE RETURN TO BALANCE. AS THE CENTER OF THIS TRAIL NETWORK, IT BECOMES A CENTER OF KNOWLEDGE AND HISTORIES THAT RADIATE OUTWARD.

UPLAND PRARIE

BARTON WOODS

THORNTON CREEK

WETLAND & CRANBERRY BOG UPLAND PRARIE

12

03

05

02

08

COMMUNITY CENTER

NORTHGATE STATION

WETLAND BARTON WOODS

DAYLIGHT THORNTON CREEK

EXPANDED WETLAND

PIPE DRAIN TO THORNTON CREEK

REMOVE PARKING REESTABLISH UPLAND PRARIE

NORTH SEATTLE COLLEGE

IMAGINE FUTURE WITHOUT I-5

NORTHGATE STATION

BARTON WOODS

NORTH SEATTLE COLLEGE

01

I-5

02

05

13

01

02

05

06

07

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

05

01

03 02

04

05

14

BARTON WOODS

SITE ELEMENTS

INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY CENTER

01

Establish an indigenous community & education center that becomes the epicenter of the larger trail system.

Designed in the style of a longhouse, the center hosts indigenous-led community events, as well as a detailed history of the sites that radiate out from it.

03

EXPANDED WETLAND & BOG Expanding the existing wetlands on the site, along with curating the plant selections to pay homage to the ecosystems of the past lets the land heal from its paved present. With a curated plant selection, the site can become a productive and resourcerich ecology that calls back to its historical uses.

DAYLIGHT THORNTON CREEK With the removal of I-5, the opportunity to reconnect Thornton Creek with the reestablished wetlands that have historically been the headwaters of the creek. With this comes the reestablishment of the ecosystems of the creek, including the ability to foster salmon habitat.

05

02

REESTABLISHED UPLAND PRAIRIE

04

Targeted removal of the parking lots at what is currently North Seattle College allows for the reestablishment of the curated ecosystems of the past. With this comes a more robust and functional ecosystem and habitat that is also resource-rich, and can allow for space for indigenous practices to be reestablished on the site.

ESTABLISH FOOD FORESTS Knowing that these food forest ecosystems are incredibly resilient, and have been able to persist without the cultural practices that once curated them, they become an example of moving this site towards a more ecologically resilient future.

CONNECTION TO TRAIL SYSTEM

REMOVAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE

VIEW OF EXPANDED WETLAND AND BOG FROM JOHN LEWIS MEMORIAL BRIDGE 03

05

01

02

05

06

07

08

15

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

BARTON WOODS

REINDIGENIZED ECOLOGIES

FOOD FOREST PLANT ECOLOGIES

Re d

PERIPHERY FORESTS

Al

r de ck Hu

ild W

sparilla Sar

UNDERSTORY & GROUNDCOVER

le ab a p p

c Cr

cifi

N o o tk a R ose

Pa

e

oo H

az

eln

ut Wild

W e st

er n

Plu m

B la

a ck H

wt

ho

rn

Fi r

ck

d

e m lo

o gw

um

Sa

ier D

Pl

lm

’s on

o nb

S ol o m

R ed O s

Western H

er r y

Wild G i

Red Elder b

ng er

err y

Or eg

on

Gr

e ap

UPPER STORY TREES & SHRUBS

rr y lebe

u Do

Red

ceda

gl a

s

r

LAGG AND OUTER WETLAND

Sk un kC

BOG CENTER AND INNER WETLAND

a bb e ag

kC

ab b

rs Ho

Sku n

e

h Sedge Sloug il et a

ag hS ug Slo

edg

UPLAND BOG & WETLAND ECOLOGIES

e

or

Tea

B

n

err

ck e n

B ra

y

01

er

r

y

H

em

nb

La

er

S al al

ra og C

rn

ad

dy

br

Fe

g

st We

16

Fe r n S

ew u nd

Ro

Bo

d ar

un

dle

el

af S

aur

e d ce

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

a l al

Cottongrass

Bo g L

R Western

La

lo

03

ck

Si t

04

ka

Sp r

05

uce

Pacific Crab ap ple Hu

06

09

10

e c k leb

01

rr y

02

Sa

lm

b on

04

05

06

07

08

09

17

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

18

19

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

03

05

02

08

20

01

02

05

MATTHEWS BEACH

duhw-hoo-bud - “silenced place” MATTHEWS BEACH IS ON THE SITE OF A FORMER LONGHOUSE VILLAGE KNOWN AS “DUHW-HOO-BUD” OR THE SILENCED PLACE. THE VILLAGE WAS THE HOME OF THE tu-oh-beh-DAHBSH PEOPLE WHOS SEASONAL MIGRATION PATTERNS TIED THEM DIRECTLY TO WHAT IS NOW NORTHGATE. SPENDING THE SUMMER MONTHS IN NORTHGATE, THEY MIGRATED BACK DOWN TO THEIR PERMANENT VILLAGE HERE DURING THE WINTER. THE SITE WAS HOME TO ONE OR TWO LONGHOUSES WHICH SERVED MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS, AS A DWELLING AND A A PLACE FOR SPIRITUAL PRACTICES, AMONGST OTHER USES. THE VILLAGE SAT AT THE MOUTH OF THORNTON CREEK, WHICH EXISTED TO THEM AS A TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR AND SOURCE OF RESOURCES, BUT ALSO WAS DEEPLY TIED TO THEIR COSMOLOGY. THORNTON CREEK IS HEAVILY TIED TO THE THUNDERBIRD, A MYTHICAL CREATURE WHO HUNTED WHALES AND WAS REGARDED AS A POWERFUL BEING WHO’S THREE TAIL FEATHERS REPRESENTED THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE.

A VISION OF THE PAST A PAVED OVER PRESENT AN IMAGINED FUTURE PROPOSED IS A DUHW-HOO-BUD OF THE FUTURE - A FUTURE OF INDIGENOUS ECOSYSTEMS THAT PAYS HOMAGE TO ITS DEEP HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE. ALONG WITH THE REESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRESHWATER WETLANDS AT THE MOUTH OF THE CREEK, A MONUMENT TO THE PEOPLE WHO ONCE CALLED THIS PLACE HOME STANDS AT THE APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF A LONGHOUSE. WE CANNOT SIMPLY TAKE THE TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE COAST SALISH PEOPLE, WE MUST CARVE SPACE INTO OUR URBAN ENVIRONMENT THAT REINDIGENIZES THE LAND.

MATTHEWS BEACH

01

02

05

06

07

21

MATTHEWS BEACH SITE ELEMENTS

LONGHOUSE SITE GARDEN

02

01

Establish a small garden of indigneous plants at the site of the former longhouse village to highlight the significance of this place. This was once the home of a community since time immemorial, and their legacy deserves to be honored.

EXPANDED FRESHWATER WETLAND Expanding the existing wetlands on the site, along with curating the plant selections to pay homage to the ecosystems of the past lets the land heal from its disregared present.

With a curated plant selection, the site can become a productive and resource-rich ecology that calls back to its historical uses.

TARGETED INFRASTRUCTURE REMOVAL

03

Removal of selected infrastructure and buildings allows space for the ecology of Matthews beach to expand. This includes the removal of park infrastructure, selected roads & parking lots, and relocating the existing pumping station on the site.

APPROXIMATE HISTORIC SHORELINE

ESTABLISH FOOD FORESTS

04

Knowing that these food forest ecosystems are incredibly resilient, and have been able to persist without the cultural practices that once curated them, they become an example of moving this site towards a more ecologically resilient future.

CONNECTION TO TRAIL SYSTEM

VIEW TOWARDS LONGHOUSE GARDEN & LAKE WASHINGTON SOURCES: PG. 30-31

22

03

05

01

02

05

06

07

08

04

01 02

03

23

24

MATTHEWS BEACH

REINDIGENIZED ECOLOGIES

LAGG AND OUTER WETLAND

Sk un kC

BOG CENTER AND INNER WETLAND

a bb e ag

kC

ab b

rs Ho

Sku n

e

h Sedge Sloug il et a

ag hS ug Slo

edg

UPLAND BOG & WETLAND ECOLOGIES

e

ck e n

af S Tea

er

Bog

be

rr y

rn

n C ra

Fe

or

n

La

st We

ad

dy

g

br

S al al

rr

y

H

em

B ra

Ro

Bo

d ar

un

dle

el

e d ce

aur

u nd

ew

Fe r n S

a l al

Cottongrass

Bo g L

R Western

La

lo

ck

Si t

ka

Sp r

uce

Pacific Crab ap ple Hu

er c k leb

ry

Sa

l

n mo

be

FOOD FOREST PLANT ECOLOGIES

Re d

PERIPHERY FORESTS

Al

r de ck Hu

ild W

sparilla Sar

04

05

ab a p p

c Cr

cifi

Pa

N o o tk a R ose

d

az

eln

ut

06

er n

09

B la

Plu m

a ck H

wt

ho

rn

Fi r

ck

H

W e st

03

le

er r y

e

oo

e m lo

o gw

um

Sa

ier D

lm

’s on

o nb

S ol o m

R ed O s

Western H

Pl

Wild

01

UNDERSTORY & GROUNDCOVER

Wild G i

Red Elder b

ng er

err y

Or eg

on

Gr

e ap

UPPER STORY TREES & SHRUBS

rr y lebe

u Do

Red

ceda

10

gl a

s

r

01

02

04

05

06

07

08

09

25

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

26

27

HYDROLOGIES

HISTORIES

HISTORY // LINES

ECOLOGIES

VALUES

GOALS

RE-INDIGENIZE ECOSYSTEM STEWARDSHIP

LAND BACK DECOLONIZATION

CREATE SPACE FOR COMMUNITYBUILDING

LIFE BEYOND CAPITALISM

EDUCATE & UNDERSTAND LAYERS OF HISTORIES

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION CLIMATE CONSCIOUSNESS

IMAGINE INDIGENIZED URBAN FUTURES

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

SOURCES: PG. 30-31

01

02

03

02

03

06

DECOLONIZE URBAN SPACES

28

WE DO NOT INHERIT THE EARTH FROM OUR ANCESTORS; WE BORROW IT FROM OUR CHILDREN. -Chief Seattle

THIS FUTURE VISIONING OF NORTH SEATTLE ACTS AS A WAY OF IMAGINING WHAT FUTURE URBAN SPACE COULD LOOK LIKE WHEN INTERWEAVING THE GOALS AND VALUES OF CONTEMPORARY INDIGENOUS RIGHTS MOVEMENTS. HOW DO WE MOVE FORWARD? WHAT WORLD DO WE WISH TO LEAVE BEHIND? AND WHAT COVERSATIONS AND IDEAS ARE NECESSARY FOR GETTING US THERE? THIS PROJECT DID NOT SEEK TO ANSWER HOW WE GET THERE, BUT TO POSE THESE IDEAS AS A WAY TO GENERATE THESE NECESSARY CONVERSATIONS. WITH EVER-GROWING WICKED PROBLEMS LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE COMPLEX AND OFTEN TRAGIC HISTORIES THAT LED TO TODAY, A FUTURE OF RESILIENCE, RECONCILIATION, AND RECLAMATION IS DEEPLY INTERWOVEN WITH THE PAST AND THE PRESENT. UNCOVERING THE HISTORIES OF THE LAND WE STAND ON TELLS US THE STORIES OF WHERE WE’VE BEEN, HOW WE GOT HERE, AND CHALLENGES US TO QUESTION WHERE WE’RE GOING. WHERE ARE WE GOING?

THIS ZINE WAS PRINTED ON THE UNCEDED LAND OF THE DUWAMISH PEOPLE - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. MAY ALL WORK THAT WE DO ON THIS LAND HONOR THIS HISTORY. 29

RESOURCES & DATA THEORY 01

JESSICA HERNANDEZ PH.D - FRESH BANANA LEAVES: HEALING INDIGENOUS LANDSCAPES THROUGH

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE (2022)

02

JULIA WATSON - LO-TEK: DESIGN BY RADICAL INDIGENISM (2019)

03

THE RED NATION - THE RED DEAL: INDIGENOUS ACTION TO SAVE OUR EARTH (2021)

HISTORY & ECOLOGY 01

THE BURKE MUSEUM, ET. AL. - THE WATERLINES PROJECT (2014)

02

JOHN M. COLES - ANCIENT WOOD, WOODWORKING, AND WOODEN HOUSES

03

THE DUWAMISH TRIBE - WHO WE ARE - A HISTORY OF THE DUWAMISH PEOPLE (HTTPS://WWW.DUWAMISHTRIBE.ORG)

04

FRIENDS OF SKAGIT BEACHES - COAST SALISH FOOD TRADITIONS (HTTPS://WWW.SKAGITBEACHES.ORG/HISTORY/COAST-SALISH-FOOD-TRADITIONS.HTML)

05

JAY MILLER, ET. AL. - WINDS, WATERWAYS, & WEIRS: ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE CENTRAL LINK LIGHT

RAIL CORRIDOR (2004)

06

EMMA ROYCE - A BRIEF HISTORY OF COAST SALISH PEOPLE - ARCGIS STORYMAPS (HTTPS://STORYMAPS.ARCGIS.COM/STORIES/D5749A4B66C542468A45DA7B3344E17A)

07

08

COLL-PETER THRUSH - NATIVE SEATTLE: HISTORIES FROM THE CROSSING OVER PLACE (2007) CHRISTINA L. WALLACE - ARCHITECTURE OF THE SALISH SEA TRIBES OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: SHED

ROOF PLANK HOUSES (2017)

09

WASHINGTON NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY - (HTTPS://WWW.WNPS.ORG)

10

T.T. WATERMAN - PUGET SOUND GEOGRAPHY (2001)

11

12

DAVID B. WILLIAMS - HOW TO LOWER A LAKE - SEATTLE 1916

(https://geologywriter.com/streetsmartnaturalist/street-smart-naturalist-blog/how-to-lower-a-lake-seattle-1916/)

ROBIN K. WRIGHT - A TIME OF GATHERING: NATIVE HERITAGE IN WASHINGTON STATE (1991)

MAPS & MAP DATA 01

GOOGLE EARTH DATA (HTTPS://EARTH.GOOGLE.COM)

02

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY - TOUCHTERRAIN: 3D PRINTABLE TERRAIN MAPS (HTTPS://TOUCHTERRAIN.GEOL.IASTATE.EDU/)

03

KING COUNTY ARCGIS - KING COUNTY WEB BASEMAPS (HTTPS://KINGCOUNTY.MAPS.ARCGIS.COM/APPS/WEBAPPVIEWER/INDEX.HTML?ID=EC3BB48A932E4E0B86EC55598726DB5B)

04

THE NATURE CONSERVANCY - ANALYZE SINGLE WATERSHED (HTTPS://WWW.STORMWATERHEATMAP.ORG/SINGLE_WATERSHED)

05

SEATTLE GEODATA - 50FT CONTOURS 2016 (HTTPS://DATA-SEATTLECITYGIS.OPENDATA.ARCGIS.COM/DATASETS/6E1C26FBD5E04CFBA878D9EEA9D68899_0/EXPLORE)

30

MAPS & MAP DATA - CONT. 06

SEATTLE GEODATA - BUILDING OUTLINE 2015 (HTTPS://DATA-SEATTLECITYGIS.OPENDATA.ARCGIS.COM/DATASETS/BUILDING-OUTLINE-2015/EXPLORE)

07

SEATTLE GEODATA - SEATTLE STREETS (HTTPS://DATA-SEATTLECITYGIS.OPENDATA.ARCGIS.COM/DATASETS/SEATTLECITYGIS::SEATTLE-STREETS-2/ABOUT)

08

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - USGS TOPOVIEW 1894 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY (HTTPS://NGMDB.USGS.GOV/TOPOVIEW/VIEWER/#13/47.7174/-122.3366)

09

WASHINGTON GEOSPATIAL OPEN DATA PORTAL - DNR HYDROLOGY - WATER BODIES (HTTPS://GEO.WA.GOV/DATASETS/28A0F93C33454297B4A9D3FAF3DA552A/EXPLORE)

TIMELINE IMAGE SOURCES 01

SEATTLE NOW & THEN - SEATTLE ANNEXATION MAP. 1944 (HTTPS://PAULDORPAT.COM/8-SEATTLE-ANNEXATION-MAP-ST-10-15-44-WEB)

02

US NATIONAL ARCHIVES - THE BIRTH OF AN ETERNAL DOCUMENT: THE POINT ELLIOTT TREATY (HTTPS://PROLOGUE.BLOGS.ARCHIVES.GOV/2020/09/28/THE-BIRTH-OF-AN-ETERNAL-DOCUMENT-THE-POINT-ELLIOTT-TREATY/)

03

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON - UW SUSTAINABILITY - THE HISTORY BEHIND THE MONTLAKE CUT (HTTPS://SUSTAINABILITY.UW.EDU/BLOG/2015-11/HISTORY-BEHIND-MONTLAKE-CUT)

04

TULALIP NEWS - THE HISTORY OF THE TREATY OF POINT ELLIOTT: A LIVING DOCUMENT (HTTPS://WWW.TULALIPNEWS.COM/2018/07/27/THE-TREATY-OF-POINT-ELLIOTT-A-LIVING-DOCUMENT/)

05

UW SPECIAL COLLECTIONS - THE DENNY PARTY AT THE ALKI MONUMENT, NOVEMBER 13, 1905 (HTTPS://WWW.HISTORYLINK.ORG/FILE/8327)

06

WEDGWOOD IN SEATTLE HISTORY - THORNTON CREEK WATER QUALITY CHANNEL AT NORTHGATE (HTTPS://WEDGWOODINSEATTLEHISTORY.COM/2022/05/29/THE-THORNTON-CREEK-WATER-QUALITY-CHANNEL-AT-NORTHGATE/)

07

SEATTLE NOW & THEN - THE ALLEY THAT BECAME I-5 (HTTPS://PAULDORPAT.COM/2017/06/17/SEATTLE-NOW-THEN-THE-ALLEY-THAT-BECAME-I-5/

08

09

10

11

SEATTLE PI - MACY’S TO CLOSE NORTHGATE, REDMOND LOCATIONS (HTTPS://WWW.SEATTLEPI.COM/SEATTLENEWS/ARTICLE/MACY-S-TO-CLOSE-NORTHGATE-MALL-REDMOND-LOCATIONS-13539141.PHP)

SEATTLE PI - SEATTLE HISTORY: LOOKING BACK AT NORTHGATE MALL, THE NATION’S FIRST SHOPPING MALL (HTTPS://WWW.SEATTLEPI.COM/LOCAL/SEATTLE-HISTORY/ARTICLE/SEATTLE-HISTORY-HOW-NORTHGATE-MALL-SHAPED-THE-13257409.PHP)

GOOGLE EARTH - HISTORIC AERIAL IMAGERY (HTTPS://EARTH.GOOGLE.COM)

UNITED STATES GEOLOGIC SURVEY - TOPOVIEW HISTORIC TOPOGRAPHY MAPS - 1849 (HTTPS://NGMDB.USGS.GOV/TOPOVIEW/VIEWER/#13/47.7174/-122.3366)

FURTHER READING & ACTIVIST ORGANIZATIONS TO FOLLOW

native-land.ca

31

THIS PROJECT IS DEDICATED TO ALL INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD, PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. TO THE DUWAMISH, MUCKLESHOOT, SUQUAMISH, AND ALL OTHER TRIBES OF WESTERN WASHINGTON, TO THE ANCESTORS OF THIS LAND THAT ENDURED THE VIOLENCE OF COLONIZATION, AND TO MY INDIGENOUS ANCESTORS OF WHAT IS NOW CENTRAL NEW MEXICO. MAY THIS AND ALL WORK I DO CONTINUE TO HONOR YOU.