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ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH YEAR, ISSUE 59

Who serves on An athletic architect and master of the text Duke’s sexual misconduct panels? Claire Xiao The Chronicle Amid sophomore men’s soccer player Ciaran McKenna’s lawsuit against the University, Duke’s sexual misconduct policy and hearings process has come under scrutiny. For sexual misconduct cases, the Office of Student Conduct convenes a panel to determine the culpability of the accused student. This panel consists of three members—two faculty or staff and one student, and “when possible, at least one representative of the complainant’s and respondent’s schools,” according to the 201617 Duke Community Standard. To serve on sexual assault panels, rising juniors and seniors who are already on the Undergraduate Conduct Board must go through an application process, explained Stephen Bryan, associate dean of students and director of the Office of Student Conduct. Trinity College of Arts and Sciences and Pratt School of Engineering approve respective faculty members to sit on the panel, and Larry Moneta, vice president for student affairs, approves staff members. When asked about the training process these individuals receive to serve on a sexual assault panel, Bryan directed The Chronicle to a 2015 guest column written by Howie Kallem, director of Title IX compliance. In the column, Kallem noted that panelists are trained on the University’s sexual misconduct policies as well as how sexual assault hearings are conducted and their role in the hearing. They also learn skills such as how to evaluate evidence and are informed of federal laws such as Title IX and the Violence See HEARINGS on Page 4

Photo Courtesy of Reagan Lunn, Duke Athletics President Richard Brodhead and Kevin White, vice president and director of athletics, have worked closely for almost nine years.

Amrith Ramkumar The Chronicle As Duke President Richard Brodhead navigates his final semester, The Chronicle will be examining his impact on athletics with a series of articles, continuing with one about Brodhead’s relationship with Kevin White, vice president and director of athletics, and the transformation of Duke’s athletic facilities. Check back in the coming days for stories about how athletics shape the University’s image, and read about Brodhead’s bond with men’s basketball head coach Mike Krzyzewski and his role in hiring football head coach David Cutcliffe online. Kevin White has several notable accomplishments to his name. The former leader of Notre Dame’s athletic department has been among the nation’s most powerful athletic directors

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for several years, leading Duke’s recent transformation of its athletic facilities and helping the ACC secure a lucrative television deal with ESPN. He also serves on the U.S. Olympic Committee board of directors and men’s basketball NCAA tournament selection committee. But President Richard Brodhead can also identify White with a title many teenagers often strive for—the master of the text. “I communicate with my colleagues in many different ways. Kevin is the master of the text,” Brodhead said. “If I can say one thing that might be embarrassing to Kevin, Kevin does not obey the law that texts should be short. He’s an amazing person— what a gift to this university.” Although Brodhead’s role in hiring Cutcliffe in December 2007 was instrumental, his ability to land White to be Cutcliffe’s boss less than six months later was probably more important to

the trajectory of the Blue Devils’ athletic program. A man who had been named the thirdmost powerful person in college football by Sports Illustrated in 2003 was convinced to oversee arguably the nation’s worst Division I team and help Duke’s 26 varsity teams put the recently-resolved lacrosse case in the rearview mirror. So how did Brodhead get White to come to Durham? From strangers to colleagues After the lacrosse case concluded in April 2007 and former director of athletics Joe Alleva left to take the same position at Louisiana State, Brodhead and Duke’s senior administrators knew they had to move quickly to find a replacement. Although there had been reports that White had been unhappily forced See WHITE on Page 12

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2 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017

Squids’ mismatched eyes have Potential DSG initiative to provide space for eating alone evolved to find prey, study finds Lexi Kadis The Chronicle If you like eating alone, you may no longer have to be alone in eating alone. Duke Student Government is interested in designating a “new dining and conversation space” in West Union, according to a recent post on the Fix My Campus Facebook page. In the accompanying survey—titled “Eating By Myself”—students are asked whether they prefer to be surrounded by friends, strangers or no one when they eat and how often they eat meals alone. It also brought up the idea of a designated area in West Union for “solo diners” or for “strangers to eat together and engage in conversations.” “As soon as [DSG] heard that students were skipping meals due to their social anxiety surrounding eating alone and saw that somebody suggested this as a solution, [DSG] thought it would be a worthwhile project and decided to take it on,” said junior Quinn Steven, a member of the FMC committee. After DSG was made aware of this problem, the FMC committee was asked to help gauge

student interest in the possibility of new dining options, Steven explained. “We thought it would be a nice system to help build a stronger Duke community by encouraging conversations between those who do not usually cross paths,” she said. Although DSG has not yet chosen these spaces, they are considering the small room attached to JB’s Roast and Chops’ main dining area for its quiet environment, Steven noted. The new dining space should fit within the “natural traffic pattern” of West Union, Steven said, so students sitting there could also speak to new people, along with friends. “To identify the [space], we thought a table tent or table-top image would be most effective because it identifies what the purpose of the space is, but wouldn’t be too imposing and would limit any insecurity a student might have about sitting in this space,” Steven said. First-year Jade Davis said that she was interested in both the eating alone and See EATING ALONE on Page 4

Jim Liu | The Chronicle The space for eating alone may be located in the small room next to JB’s Roast and Chops’ main dining area.

Shagun Vashisth The Chronicle Duke researchers have unravelled why the “strawberry squid” has such a strange googly-eyed appearance—its two different sized eyes allow the creature to adapt to its deep-sea habitat. With one large, bulging, yellow-colored eye and another more normal-sized eye, the squid—referred to by biologists as Histioteuthis heteropsis—has a bizarre appearance that has long puzzled marine biologists. An investigation by Duke scientists finally gained insight into the evolution for such a mismatched visage, suggesting that the squid’s large eye has adapted to look upward toward the ocean surface to focus in the shreds of sunlight on other deep sea creatures. The other smaller eye is oriented downward, which the team hypothesizes is used by the squid to search for bioluminescence in the deeper, darker sea. “The findings are consistent with a hypothesis that Richard Young, [a renowned expert on squids], presented in the 1970s,” said graduate student and study co-author Katie Thomas. Young never had enough specimens to test his theories, but Thomas was able to gather enough resources to support Young’s conclusions. The strawberry squid inhabits the ocean’s “twilight zone,” Thomas noted, with a habitat ranging from 660 to 3300 feet under the surface. This has made studying the squid challenging. “The deep-sea squid are pretty abundant in their natural habitat,” Thomas said. “They are often found in the stomachs of whales, but because their habitat is so expansive and large, we were kind of restricted because it takes a long time searching the dark abyss to come across one of these animals. The squids often jet away before data is collected.” In order to conduct her research, Thomas said she carefully combed through an assortment of more than 30 years of deepsea footage collected and annotated by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.

Courtesy of Duke Photography Strawberry squid are known for having one large, bulging, yellow-colored eye and another more normal-sized eye.

She then analyzed the video footage with computer simulations of visual sensitivity, which gave her clues for defining the function of each of the squid’s lopsided eyes. “I was really fortunate to have been able to analyze over 150 videos worth of footage of these freaky-looking animals,” she said. “If I had begun my research without this resource, I doubt I would’ve had these observations to work with.” Besides examining their eyes, Thomas said she was also able to glean insights into the seemingly lazy nature of the strawberry squid’s movements. The team’s observations showed that the squids find their way through the sea in an unusual manner, facing their heads downward and their tails up, in a straight vertical formation. This quirky way of moving, the team’s research suggests, allows each eye to orient itself in different directions. Thomas’ work on the strawberry squid fits into the larger goals of Duke’s Johnsen Lab, which characterizes the ecological impact of See SQUID on Page 4

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Law professor calls McKenna disciplinary process ‘indefensible’ Gautam Hathi The Chronicle Following an article examining a lawsuit filed by men’s soccer player Ciaran McKenna against Duke for allegedly mishandling his sexual assault hearings, The Chronicle is taking a closer look at aspects of the case, beginning with the role of James Coleman, Jr. a Duke law professor. One of the strongest critics of the disciplinary process in the sexual misconduct case involving soccer player Ciaran McKenna has been Duke law professor James Coleman, Jr. Coleman, John S. Bradway professor of the practice of law, agreed to become McKenna’s faculty advisor after reviewing the facts of McKenna’s case and concluding that Duke was violating McKenna’s due process rights. Coleman pushed back against Duke’s handling of McKenna’s case as it made its way through the student conduct system and then testified as a witness in support of the lawsuit McKenna filed against Duke and Dean of Student Conduct Stephen Bryan. Throughout the process, Coleman has made statements arguing that McKenna has been mistreated by the University’s disciplinary process. “I believed that [in this case] not only had there been a procedural error but that there was no basis for anyone to find that a reasonable person had known that there was no consent,” he said during testimony in McKenna’s legal case. Coleman explained that the director of compliance in the athletics department, who believed McKenna was not being treated fairly by the University, asked him to be McKenna’s faculty advisor after an initial undergraduate conduct panel found McKenna responsible for sexual misconduct.

Courtesy of Duke Photography James Coleman, Jr. testified on behalf on McKenna when he filed a lawsuit against Duke and Stephen Bryan.

Both Mary Giardina, director of compliance in the athletics department, and Todd Mesibov, assistant director of athletics for compliance, declined to comment. The original panel was not convinced that McKenna’s accuser verbally said no. However, the panel did unanimously conclude that “his version of the events that led up to sexual intercourse fails to show that the complainant clearly and affirmatively consented to having sexual intercourse.” Coleman said that he has been a faculty advisor a total of four times and explained that he takes on this role when he believes a student is being treated unfairly. “What I look for are cases where I think

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there is a significant potential that a student will be treated unfairly because of the way that the process seems to be unfolding, and also there is an opportunity when that situation exists to take whatever corrective action that would alleviate the concern,” he said during his testimony. Coleman has a long history of working on such cases. In 2006, he chaired the Lacrosse Ad Hoc Review Committee—convened by President Richard Brodhead during the Duke lacrosse scandal to investigate the behavior of the team. John Burness—visiting professor of the practice in the Sanford School of Public Policy and senior vice president for public

government affairs and public relations during the lacrosse scandal—noted that Coleman typically involves himself in cases when he recognizes that a procedural error has occurred. “Jim is a really first class lawyer,” Burness said. “He is clearly a very independent thinker.” In this case, Coleman believed the facts showed that McKenna’s accuser had given consent. “This was a situation where the complainant initiated the sexual activity, was the aggressor, always seemed to direct what they did,” he said. “I didn’t see anything in the record where any action occurs that a reasonable person thought she was not consenting.” Coleman also believed that the panel which had found McKenna responsible used the wrong standard to determine whether McKenna’s accuser had given consent through her actions. Coleman then guided McKenna’s efforts to appeal the finding that he was responsible for misconduct. An appeals panel found that the original conduct panel had in fact failed to use the required “reasonable person” standard when determining whether McKenna’s accuser had given consent. After the appeals panel made its decision, Coleman pushed back against a decision by Bryan to have a new undergraduate conduct panel completely rehear McKenna’s case. In particular, Coleman believed that since the first conduct panel had not found that McKenna’s accuser said no to having sexual intercourse, the second panel should not be able to reconsider that finding. “This is indefensible,” Coleman wrote in a Sept. 22 email to Larry Moneta, vice president for student affairs, and Pamela Bernard, vice president and general counsel. “Sending this See LAW PROFESSOR on Page 4

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EATING ALONE from page 2

HEARINGS from page 1

eating with strangers dining options, noting that she might use each space depending on her schedule and her current mood. She added that she would personally make use of the solo dining space more often if she was busy or “on the go” and would try eating with strangers if she had the time. Melissa Montoya, a master’s student in biomedical sciences, said she and other graduate students would also uses such spaces in West Union. Like Davis, she indicated that her level of work and her daily schedule would affect whether or not she chose to eat alone or with strangers. Montoya also noted that the dining with strangers option would probably help connect Duke students, both undergraduates and graduates. Davis indicated, however, that she was more comfortable eating alone than with strangers. “[You are] intimidated to sit down with people you don’t know,” she said. “If I’m in a social mood, I’d gravitate towards people I already know rather than strangers.”

Against Women Act. “Training covers...relevant definitions of terms such as sexual harassment, sexual misconduct, consent, incapacitation— including the possible impact of alcohol and drugs, the impact of trauma, the perspective of the respondent, how to be sensitive to the emotional state of both parties during the hearing process,” Kallem wrote. Through lectures, case studies and group discussions, panelists learn tips aimed to help them determine credibility and sanctioning, he explained. Currently, hearing panels are composed of three members. Bryan noted they originally had five students but the number was reduced in 2003. “This practice was supported by students who wanted to see the panel size reduced to promote greater confidentiality,” Bryan wrote in an email. The change coincided with the requirement of a unanimous vote to find a student responsible for sexual assault. Previously, three members of a five-person panel had to find a respondent

guilty—now three out of three must reach a unanimous conclusion. Bryan explained that this “still preserv[ed] the same number of votes needed for such a finding.” This requirement of unanimity is rare on college campuses. An article in The New York Times reported that Duke and Stanford are the only schools on the U.S. News and World Report’s list of top 20 colleges with similar sexual misconduct processes that require a unanimous decision to decide responsibility. The panel must also vote unanimously to assign sanctions. In 2013, Duke changed its policy so expulsion is the preferred sanction in sexual assault cases. However, mitigating factors can modify the disciplinary response. Some argue the stipulation that panels must reach a unanimous decision makes it more difficult for the complainant to succeed in the hearing. “Needing unanimity would make it a little bit harder for the complaining party to get a ruling in his or her favor,” said Jane Wettach, a professor of education law at Duke Law School. “Any time you have to convince more people of your position, it probably lessens your chances of prevailing.” Wettach speculated that universities might use this unanimous panel to create a greater certainty of guilt. However, she also noted that campus disciplinary processes use different standards than courts. Although Duke requires panels to reach unanimous decisions, it also uses the preponderance of the evidence standard as directed by the Department of Education’s 2011 “Dear Colleague Letter.” A legal standard used in most civil trials, the preponderance of evidence standard essentially means that there is more evidence of favor of the complainant than not, Wettach explained. This is a lower standard of proof than the “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard used in criminal cases and the “clear and convincing evidence” standard used by institutions like Harvard University and Princeton University before the Dear Colleague Letter. “It is a balance. You’re always trying to balance the rights of the accuser and the rights of the accused,” Wettach said. “And so having a unanimous panel and having the standard be preponderance of the evidence represents a balance.”

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aquatic visual systems. “We are really interested in the evolution of eyes and the function of those eyes throughout evolutionary history,” Thomas said. “All animals that dwell at these sea levels have evolved adaptations to deal with low light levels, but these squids are the only animal that we see that have completely designated each eye for a different task and have evolved to have completely different appearances.” To bolster her team’s understanding of the diversity of aquatic visual systems, Thomas is currently working with cephalopod curators at the Smithsonian Museum, studying other species within the strawberry squid’s family that have eyes of varying shapes. “We are studying how eyes change from juvenile squids to adults,” she said. “We also want to study the divergence between different species of squids, because the difference in size of the eyes is not usually as drastic as it is among the strawberry squid.”

LAW PROFESSOR from page 3 case to a new hearing panel to give the complainant another chance to convince a different panel that she said ‘no’ flies in the face of any concept of fairness in these cases.” In addition, Coleman wrote that he did not believe the government office responsible for determining the fairness of procedures for handling sexual assault on college campuses would agree that the process in McKenna’s case was fair. “I seriously doubt that the Office of Civil Rights, which I once advised as Deputy General Counsel of the Department of Education, would agree with the process that is being contemplated,” he wrote. “I hope the University will step in to avert this unfairness.” However, Bryan convened a second panel to rehear McKenna’s case, which found that McKenna’s accuser had verbally denied consent and found McKenna responsible for sexual misconduct. Duke argued during hearings for McKenna’s lawsuit that Duke’s policies gave it latitude to send McKenna’s disciplinary case to a second panel for rehearing after the appeal. During his testimony in McKenna’s case against Duke and Bryan, Coleman summed up his thoughts on the case by saying that he did not believe McKenna’s disciplinary process was “just.” “I don’t think that it protected the interests and rights of [McKenna], and I think that it involved a misapplication of Duke’s own policy to the detriment of [McKenna],” he said. Amrith Ramkumar and Claire Ballentine contributed reporting.

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WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017 | 5

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VOLUME 18, ISSUE 18

FEBRUARY 22, 2017

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Talib Kweli in Durham

Rapper discusses music, social media and Trump, page 6

‘Royal Flush’ celebrates black culture Student opening features student performers, page 10

‘Fifty Shades Darker’ underwhelms Yet fans keep coming back for more, page 10

R 6 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017

recess editors Why didn’t you go to the meeting?

Dillon Fernando ............. i hate recess Christy Kuesel ................head honcho Kirby Wilson ...................... remind me Drew Haskins ............high on DayQuil Tim Campbell ...............................wut

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For this week’s editor’s note I, Recess’s human hot takes torch, am going to lay down a series of truths. If you don’t agree with me when it comes to these four points, you’re an enemy of freedom and I will call the police on you and your loved ones. 1. Pandas are not worth rescuing. I love animals, particularly when David Attenborough is describing them to me. I mourn every day for the loss of biodiversity that we have inflicted upon our global ecosystem. I mourn harder than you, no doubt about it. River dolphins, mountain gorillas and amur leopards? All very endangered. All worth saving. So why is the face of the wildlife conservation movement the panda? Pandas are not only not endangered, they’re useless. They subsist on bamboo, a food that does not give them enough energy to continue eating more bamboo. It’s not that they can’t eat other things, they just really like bamboo. Look this up! I would never lie to you. Pandas are an evolutionary mistake and if they go extinct it’s their own fault. Don’t @ me. 2. “Cheesecake” is a horrendous misnomer

When it comes to names that don’t describe the thing they’re supposed to describe, “cheesecake” is right up there with “funny bone” and “The Patriot Act.” The Google dictionary defines cake as “an item of soft, sweet food made from a mixture of flour, shortening, eggs, sugar and other ingredients, baked and often decorated.” Most cakes are composed of one or a series of spongy layers with frosting in between. Cheesecake does not have flour or shortening, and it has

editor’s note a crust. Stop embarrassing yourselves and call “cheesecake” what it is. It’s cheesepie. 3. Meat adds nothing to most food dishes. Meat is eaten by people who do not know how to add appropriate spices to their culinary ventures. It’s an easy temptation: a stripped animal carcass must be salted and given other spices or it will spoil. Because it brings out the

flavors of other food by sheer proximity, meat is often added to dishes not as a feature, but as a crutch. (When’s the last time you tasted the meat in a lasagna?) Instead of genociding a bunch of animals, meat eaters, head on over to Harry Teets and ask someone to point you in the direction of the spice aisle. They got some good stuff. My condescension does not at all come from a place of insecurity. 4. Christopher Columbus was a murderous lunatic and it’s weird we ever celebrated him. I was born on Oct. 12. I used to think Columbus Day was fun. He sailed the ocean blue! But growing up is learning and learning is falling. The rhyme should really go like this: In 1492, Columbus kidnapped natives from the newly-christened Hispañola, sold them as slaves, robbed them of precious metals and even had a woman’s tongue cut out because she said mean stuff about him and his friends. Christopher Columbus is playing checkers with Richard Nixon, Law School ‘37, in hell. Enjoy this week’s Recess. ––Kirby Wilson

Aditya Joshi ................... better things Jessica Williams .................... boy toy Georgina Del Vecho.......... fitty shades Nina Wilder .....i was the only one here Will Atkinson ...........~bunny sniffles~

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Talib Kweli talks hip hop, social justice in Durham residency Will Atkinson The Chronicle In the latest addition to Duke Performances’ artist-in-residence series, hip-hop artist and activist Talib Kweli spent the last week in Durham holding conversations with Duke professors and Durham community members before playing two sold-out shows at Motorco Music Hall. The residency began Wednesday with a public conversation between Kweli and resident professor Patrick Douthit, better known as the producer 9th Wonder, which was sponsored by Duke’s Forum for Scholars and Publics. The two discussed the role of hip-hop both as an art and as a form of social justice, chronicling Kweli’s career from his childhood in Brooklyn’s Park Slope neighborhood. The child of two educators, Kweli (born Talib Kweli Greene) became involved in New York’s rap scene at a young age; he mused that hip-hop raised him just as much as his parents did. He attended New York University briefly before dropping out to pursue music (his parents were, for obvious reasons, not pleased to find this out— and nearly seven months after the fact). Eventually, he partnered with Yasiin Bey, more popularly known as Mos Def, to form the duo Black Star, producing the album for which he is best known, 1998’s “Mos Def and Talib Kweli Are Black Star.” These days, Kweli is still putting out music, including a 2015 collaboration with 9th Wonder titled “Indie 500,” and last year’s surprise release, “Awful People Are Great at Parties.” But as

he explained in both of his public discussions last week, Kweli’s role as an activist for social justice has expanded. “Associating yourself with hip-hop means associating yourself with social justice,” Kweli said Wednesday. “The most beautiful thing about hip-hop is that it’s a skill-based medium...but we cannot mistake the fact that it started with black and brown people, out of oppression, out of struggle.” Friday, Kweli spoke with Mark Anthony Neal, professor of African and African-American Studies, at Beyù Caffè in Durham. The conversation, titled “Beautiful Struggle: Hip Hop’s Role in the Trump Era,” was Beyù’s second partnership with Duke Performances as part of its “Be Connected” conversation series. Neal and Kweli considered the implications of the current political climate for artists and activists. At both Wednesday’s and Friday’s talks, Duke Performances executive director Aaron Greenwald introduced the speakers with a plug for the National Endowment for the Arts, which helps fund efforts like Duke’s artist-in-residence program. Today, the program is on the hot seat: Donald Trump announced a budget Friday that would cut funding from the NEA. (“I hope you’ll keep an eye out as darkness encroaches,” Greenwald warned dryly.) As an artist himself, Kweli acknowledged his duty to speak out. He called all other artists—and anyone who can control their own schedule— to do likewise. “The artists are the documentarians,” Kweli said. “It’s our job to document, it’s our job to resist.” He criticized the current

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Hip hop artist and ativist Talib Kweli spent the last week as an artist-in-residence in Durham.

administration for attempting to “silence” artists as well as journalists who he said failed to stand up to Trump in instances like Thursday’s well-publicized press conference, in which a question from an Orthodox Jewish reporter was shut down by the president. He also confessed to the naiveté that often comes with being part of the progressive “bubble” that encompasses academics and artists. Amid this turbulent political landscape, Kweli has fostered an active Twitter presence, which he sees as an outlet for his activism. He has become known for engaging with the racist trolls who populate the social media platform, a task he sees as trivial compared to the real-life adversity

he has faced as an outspoken black artist: “I do it with one thumb walking through RDU,” he joked. The Durham residency closed with two nights of shows at Motorco Music Hall Thursday and Friday. Kweli is no chart-topper; he is known more for his lyricism and “conscious” image than for commercial success. But that has been enough to establish the rapper as a legend in the hip-hop world, and it didn’t stop audiences from turning out in droves to see him perform last week—both nights at Motorco sold out well in advance. “Because I choose to speak out,” Kweli said, success has followed. “When you choose to engage, when you choose to speak out, people come to you.”

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WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017 | 7

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SPRING BREAK TRENDS SKI TRIP You decided to forgo sand and sun for snow and cozy nights by the fire. Spring is looking decidedly snowy, so add pops of color to take you from the dreary grays of winter straight into spring.

The cold wind can wreak havoc on your hair. Keep it off your face with a stylish ski band, perfect for keeping your goggles and hair in place.

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After the slopes, pair a chunky sweater with boyfriend jeans, the perfect look for a post-ski afternoon of shopping.

Make a statement on the slopes and stand out from the vast white backdrop with a bold color jacket.

Your feet will thank you for keeping them dry and toasty with these chic boots.

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WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017 | 9

BEACH TRIP You’re all in for sand and surf and long days on the beach. Pack these flirty, romantic spring trends along with some extra SPF.

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‘Royal Flush’ opening party a celebration of black art Nina Wilder The Chronicle The crowd at the Nasher Museum of Art last Thursday was bustling and spirited, a diverse commingling of students and residents from the farthest reaches of the Triangle area. Exhausted parents chased restless children through the lobby, snippets of conversations about art and politics floated freely above the fringe and people milled about the hallways of art, stopping frequently to snap pictures and ponder them silently. The droves of people were there to partake in the opening party for “Royal Flush,” an exhibition of artist Nina Chanel Abney’s work over the last ten years. Abney, who is 34 years old and hails from Chicago, Illinois, creates art that should make you feel uncomfortable–her commentaries on race, sex, religion and sexuality eschew conventional modes of storytelling in art that we’ve become accustomed to. Instead, Abney opts to bombard the viewer from the outset with images, words, numbers and colors that have been collaged in a manner that’s both coherent and overwhelming. Her work stems from an era wherein information is disseminated across smartphone screens and news cycles with unrelenting fervor, the incessant barrage of information a clear inspiration for both the style and content of her art. Marwa Yusuf, a PhD student at UNC-Chapel Hill who was in attendance at the opening party, noted the forcefulness of Abney’s style. “What drew me to her work–I hadn’t heard of her before coming [to the event]–is definitely the themes, but also the colors,” she said. “There’s something about the colors that’s

The Chronicle The Nasher held a student opening for Nina Chanel Abney’s “Royal Flush” last Thursday

just so bold, but in a way that’s not boldness for boldness’s sake. There’s a coherence with the theme.” While Abney’s artwork may be frantic and busy, her intentions are clear–whether it’s by painting a police officer with the word “OINK” adorned on his chest or depicting former secretary of state Condoleezza Rice as part of a famous celebrity couple, Abney ensures that the viewer will be forced to engage with themes ranging from police brutality, the objectification of women’s bodies and the prevalence of celebrity culture. And in a millennium where unarmed black men are killed by law enforcement daily and treating women like second-class citizens doesn’t bar you from the presidency, Abney’s criticisms are more than significant and relevant–they are unavoidable. “These [pieces] are all very dense, and I think that [Abney] communicated in a way that’s not subtle,” Yusuf said. “I think that’s how it should be–at least our conversation about these topics needs to be out loud and clear.”

Tackling such upsetting and moving subject matters doesn’t have to be a dismal affair, though–Abney is wickedly sharp, her sense of humor woven seamlessly into the pieces and often belying the seriousness of what she’s depicting. But humor is a weapon that can be wielded to make traumatic events more emotionally accessible, as noted by UNC-Chapel Hill PhD student Katie Merriman, who attended the opening party with Yusuf. “I think her use of farce is really helpful, because often times trying to overlay a sense of seriousness about an event that involves violence takes away from the ability to talk about the emotional and the psychological impact of such an event,” Merriman said. “To kind of throwback at people who just want to talk about information and numbers and instead say, ‘How could this happen?’” “When we think about things that are political, this is not how we think about them,” Yusuf added. “But there are desires, there is humor, there are all of these social practices that

recess

sometimes get ignored when we talk about politics. So it broadens the scope of what is political and what’s not.” To categorize Abney’s work as merely protest art or another form of activism for Black Lives Matter is to diminish the ambitious portfolio that she’s carefully curated. Abney’s art is a visceral celebration of blackness and identity that’s both critical and joyous, proof of the nuanced beauty that can arise in response to systemic oppression. The bright, irreverent canvases draw you in with their chaos, humor and shocking images, but when you pull back, Abney’s voice seems to say: I am black, I am proud and I am powerful. Reflective of this recognition of blackness and black culture were the festivities that occurred during the opening party, emceed by Durham resident, NCCU and UNCCH professor and musician Pierce Freelon. The performances included Duke student saxophonist Edgeri Hudlin, poets from Freelon’s Afrofuturist makerspace for black youth called Blackspace and Duke student and spoken word artist Ashley CrokerBenn. Any music played was made by black musicians and any poem performed dealt with black identity, all in the presence of Abney’s paintings, encircled by the difficulties and victories that accompany being black in America. It was an emotional outpouring of identity and culture that complimented Abney’s work well, an urgent reminder that compassion for others and a yearning for change are essential. Nina Chanel Abney’s “Royal Flush” will be on display at the Nasher Museum of Art until July 16. The exhibition is a 10-year survey of approximately 30 of the artist’s paintings, watercolors and collages.

Playground

Why is the ‘Fifty Shades’ franchise so popular? Georgina Del Vecho The Chronicle

When you look at the statistics, “Fifty Shades Darker” does not seem like the blockbuster film its earnings would indicate it is. A 4.9/10 on IMDB. A whopping 9% on Rotten Tomatoes. A general consensus among critics of “sloppy,” “boring” and “nonsensical.” Never before has such an objectively bad film skyrocketed to the top of the charts, so far doing even better than its predecessor “Fifty Shades of Grey” despite garnering worse reviews. These statistics elicit the question: what has led to the massive consumption of this film? Why is the “Fifty Shades” franchise so popular? It’s a question even I asked myself as I paid $17.69 to enter the movie theater and watch a film I knew would end up disappointing me. This is, of course, not to say that the movie did not have its saving graces. The soundtrack, which features the likes of ZAYN, Taylor Swift and Sia, among others, is hot and fun to listen to irrespective of the film it is associated with. In addition, on a superficial level, the movie is entertaining. The cast is attractive, and the movie incorporates the bestselling plotlines of sex and danger. In fact, after asking a few people why

they went to go see the movie, I came to the conclusion that Jamie Dornan’s attractiveness was the sole contributor to the film’s success. But there are a lot of attractive people in Hollywood, many of whom have acted in movies that have actually accumulated critical praise. There are a lot of movies with good soundtracks, and there are a lot of movies that incorporate sex and danger in their plotlines. The reason, in my opinion, that “Fifty Shades Darker” has enjoyed so much success has more to do with culture in America and around the world than with its sex appeal. This movie and its success would not have been possible, first of all, without an amazing advertising team. Almost every week when I opened up Facebook the news tab would feature an update about the production of the movie, from when it was first announced until even now. “Fifty Shades” has become more than just a franchise; it’s become, arguably, a household name. You don’t have to have seen the movie or have read the books to know what “Fifty Shades” is about or what the name implies, a fact that the advertising team monopolized on and a factor that has contributed a great deal to the franchise’s success. In addition to the advertising,

the inherent rebellious quality of watching the movie has a certain draw. Most movies in Hollywood use sex as a selling point, but the difference with “Fifty Shades” is that that’s solely what it’s about. Yes, there’s a plotline in there somewhere, but when someone thinks “Fifty Shades” they generally don’t think “the tumultuous relationship between Christian and Ana” they think “sex.” One could argue that watching the movie is, in a way, taking control of one’s own sexuality–acknowledging that sex can be fun and not something that is intrinsically bad or sinful.

The last element that I think has bearing on the franchise’s success is that it is just so super ficially enjoyable. You don’t have to go watch this movie and ponder the greater ills that plague our society or your own existential meaning in this world. You can go watch attractive people do attractive things and then, ultimately, not ever really think deeply about it again. In economics terms, you get maximum benefits without having to pay that high of a cost. Whether or not this has greater significance in relation to the consumer-heavy culture that is emerging across the world is up for debate.

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons “Fifty Shades Darker” was carried by the soundtrack and the lead actor’s sex appeal.

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WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017 | 11

THE BLUE ZONE

THREE KEYS TO DUKE BESTING SYRACUSE

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WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017

MEN’S BASKETBALL

COLUMN

Desperate Syracuse team awaits Duke The calculus of coaching Mitchell Gladstone The Chronicle

In just three seasons since the Orange joined the ACC, Syracuse’s series with Duke has more than lived up to its billing. Two of the winningest coaches in NCAA history have been manning the sidelines, four of the five clashes have been decided by eight or fewer points, and fans have even been treated to a pair of controversial finishes at Cameron Indoor Stadium. With Duke looking to extend its ACC winning streak to eight—something the Blue Devils have accomplished just twice in the past 10 years—and Syracuse playing for its NCAA tournament life, Wednesday’s rendition of the budding rivalry looks set to join that list. The No. 10 Blue Devils will visit Syracuse at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, N.Y., at 7 p.m. hoping to build on a recent tear that has seen Duke pick up three consecutive No. 10 road wins after Duke starting league vs. play winless in its Syracuse first three contests away from Durham. WEDNESDAY, 7 p.m. Although veterans Carrier Dome Grayson Allen and Amile Jefferson have been playing at less than 100 percent, Blue Devil head coach Mike Krzyzewski said Monday on the ACC’s weekly teleconference that both would be a full go with Duke’s offense operating at peak efficiency. The Blue Devils currently hold the seventh-most efficient offense in the nation, according to basketball statistician Ken Pomeroy’s metric.

Following a miraculous Final Four run after navigating the NCAA tournament bubble last year, Syracuse got off to a bumpy start with a 3-5 stretch from Nov. 26 to Dec. 21, capped by a shocking 9063 home blowout loss against St. John’s. Things did not get much better at the start of ACC play when Syracuse lost by five at ACC bottom-feeder Boston College. The roller-coaster ride has continued for the Orange (16-12, 8-7 in the ACC), who won eight of their next 11 before dropping three straight heading into Wednesday’s game. A main reason for Syracuse’s inconsistency has been its defensive lapses—the team ranks 124th nationally by surrendering 70.3

Perhaps the only thing Kentucky head coach John Calipari is better known for than his ability to develop future NBA AllStars is his willingness to speak his mind. Last weekend was no different, as Calipari took issue with the mounting pressure on Georgia head coach Mark Fox to turn the Bulldog program around and N.C. State’s decision to fire Mark Gottfried at the end of the season. But as he complains about the tricky nature of his profession, Calipari may not realize that evaluating coaching in college basketball is no easy feat itself. On one hand, head coaches serve as the face of programs and are expected to recruit the best high-school talent available to fit their respective schemes. Their ability to develop returning players and transform four-year student-athletes is also of utmost importance. At the same time, coaches are evaluated on how well they manage ingame situations and strategy on the court. If there is one weakness in college basketball, besides the occasional foulladen affair, it is that too many teams struggle to design plays in the waning moments of games—take a look at the late play-caling in any of Clemson’s four single-possession losses this season and you’ll see what I mean.

See M. BASKETBALL on Page 13

See COACHING on Page 12

Sameer Pandhare

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Jim Liu | Chronicle File Photo Grayson Allen has been playing through pain recently and will likely need to be effective Wednesday against a deep Syracuse backcourt.

But to get dialed in again from 3-point range, Duke will have to navigate a Syracuse 2-3 zone that slowed down the Blue Devils a year ago in an upset victory. Jim Boeheim’s traditional defense limited Duke to just 62 points and 10-of-37 shooting from beyond the arc. And to get back in the win column against the Orange, Duke will have to stay poised in the building that set NCAA regular-season attendance records in the Blue Devils’ last two visits. “I still think we can get a lot better. I don’t think we’re at our potential yet,” sophomore Luke Kennard said after Saturday’s 99-94 win against Wake Forest. “It’s a period of time where it’s getting to the tough part of the season and we’ve got to finish it out.”

FOOTBALL

Cutcliffe dismisses 2 key defensive linemen Staff Reports The Chronicle

Jack White | Chronicle File Photo Marquies Price and Brandon Boyce, two of Duke’s mainstays up front the last two seasons, have been dismissed for failing to meet the football program’s standards.

The Blue Devils’ defensive line play was a major area of improvement in position coach Ben Albert’s first season last year, but Duke will now have to adjust on the fly after losing two more contributors in the offseason. Sophomores Brandon Boyce and Marquies Price were dismissed from the Blue Devil program for “failing to meet the standards of a member of the program,” Duke head coach David Cutcliffe announced Tuesday afternoon. The news was first reported by Steve Wiseman of The Durham Herald-Sun. Both players saw meaningful action each of the past two seasons as part of the Blue Devils’ deep rotation of

defensive linemen, with Price starting 11 of 12 games last year and Boyce playing in eight contests after being suspended for the first three games of his sophomore campaign for a disciplinary issue. The tandem combined for 30 tackles, 3.5 tackles for loss and three sacks in 2016. Combined with the departure of star defensive tackle A.J. Wolf due to graduation, their departures leave a major hole near the line of scrimmage for defensive coordinator Jim Knowles. Duke has five sophomores up front who will now be expected to step into more prominent roles, and four-star recruit Drew Jordan could factor into the Blue Devils’ formula up front as well. Cutcliffe’s team started spring practice Feb. 3 and will have its spring showcase March 4 before opening the 2017 season against N.C. Central Sept. 2.

12 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017

COACHING from page 11 The juggling act that defines being a college basketball coach makes giving an overall ranking for coaches nearly impossible. Ask me who the top five college basketball coaches are and I’ll probably have to split my answer into separate lists—one based on development and another on strategy. Further evidence of how hard it is to pin down a good coach is seen from some of the mixed results when coaches transition from mid-major programs to Power-5 conference schools. One of the clearest examples of this was on display Monday night when Shaka Smart’s Texas Longhorns fell to No. 12 West Virginia after fans had a chance to watch Jim Larrañaga’s Hurricanes topple Virginia. Glancing at the standings now, it’s somewhat hard to believe that Smart used to be the talk of the town during his days at Virginia Commonwealth. Seriously, along with his youthful appearance rivaled only by the early days of Brad Stevens at Butler, Smart’s ability to take to the Rams to the Final Four in 2011 painted him as a legend in coaching folklore. But two seasons under the brighter lights at Texas have been far from ideal for Smart—the Longhorns are almost certain to miss the NCAA tournament this season after being bounced in their first game a year ago. It doesn’t seem likely that Smart suddenly forgot how to coach, which bodes well for a Texas program

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that badly needs the coach to become the program-leader they envisioned. Although his dance moves won’t suggest it, Larrañaga is much, much older than Smart but drew similar praise when his George Mason team made a Cinderella run all the way to the Final Four in 2006. Since that time, Larrañaga’s transition to Miami has been seamless, resulting in a pair of recent Sweet Sixteen runs by the Hurricanes and another NCAA tournament bid seemingly on the horizon. With no clear pattern about what separates a success story from a disappointing one and an emphasis on holistic evaluation of coaches, each program is free to use its own criteria when determining the fate of a coach. We’ve slowly figured out what this looks like at Washington, where head coach Lorenzo Romar has wooed highly-touted recruits, including the likes of Markelle Fultz this year and Michael Porter Jr. next season. Romar is also about to miss the Big Dance for the fifth consecutive season, but it’s unclear if there is really a tipping point with the Huskies as long as they continue to recruit NBA-caliber talent each season. In regards to Calipari’s statement, the Wolfpack are a bit of a trickier situation to evaluate, considering Gottfried has had some degree of success during his tenure and has been to two Sweet 16s. Heck, N.C. State even pulled out a victory at Cameron Indoor Stadium this season and playing under Gottfried was appealing enough to recruit five-star talent Dennis

Izzi Clark | The Chronicle N.C. State head coach Mark Gottfried was recently fired but will finish out the regular season, the school announced last Thursday.

Smith Jr. But the Wolfpack’s last four games have shown a team that has quit on its coach and after a similar result a year ago, it’s hard to make much of a case for Gottfried. Of course, for a handful of programs in the country, coaching has never quite been an issue. Although some of this is due to the tradition associated with bluebloods such as Duke, Kansas and North Carolina, there is no real substitute for finding a leader that

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WHITE from page 1 to take the blame for the controversial firing of Notre Dame football head coach Tyrone Willingham, the Fighting Irish football program—which, like Duke men’s basketball, is one of the most recognizable in all of college sports—had recently made the BCS Fiesta Bowl in 2006. Brodhead’s challenge was making the open job attractive to White. “Hiring Kevin White was one of the red-letter days of my life. He was the AD of Notre Dame. He was never going to be standing on his knees as a candidate for another job,” Brodhead said. “There was a narrow window. There was a slight chance that you could get the person agreed by every single person I spoke to at any university to be the best AD in the country. That was an interesting period.” Things started to move quickly in May and early June 2007, with former trustee Roy Bostock, Trinity ‘62, helping to arrange a meeting in New York between Brodhead and White. The meeting took place at an office building for the Partnership for a DrugFree America, of which Bostock—who played baseball and football during his time at Duke and has made significant contributions to Blue Devil athletics— served as chairman. “That’s funny because I reflect on that moment every now and then,” White said. “We had arranged for me to meet Richard Riddell, [vice president and university secretary], at a hotel lobby. He walked me to this location where we were to meet President Brodhead and Roy Bostock. I remember looking at the heading of the building as I arrived, and it was entitled the Partnership for a Drug-Free America. I was actually wondering if I wasn’t heading

Han Kang | Chronicle File Photo White’s tenure has seen construction to almost every major athletic facility on campus, including Wallace Wade Stadium.

toward an intervention or something— ‘Where are we going, and why are we going into this location?’” Brodhead and White reached the door of the room they were going into at the same time. The only obstacle preventing a warm introduction was that neither knew who the other man was, a sign of how unfamiliar both parties were to one another. But once in the meeting, the two men talked for about four hours—time well-spent by some of Duke’s most prominent leaders. “I arrived there, on a 10-point scale, with a level of a 3 or a 4 on interest,” White said. “I walked away with a 9 or a 9.5.” Two weeks later, Brodhead introduced White as the Blue Devils’ next athletic director. “It was a long flight back to South Bend deciphering whether I should accept the very kind and generous overture to come to Duke

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University. By the time I arrived in South Bend, the calculus was behind me,” White said. “I had totally felt enamored by not only Dick, Roy and Richard, but the prospect of coming to one of the great universities in the world. This has been a wonderful experience for not only me but our family.” ‘Facilities for the next 100 years’ Since being hired, White has worked closely with Brodhead and Duke’s top officials to change the University’s athletic facilities. Much of that progress has come in the past few years with Duke Forward, the University’s fundraising campaign that has raised more than $3.25 billion, picking up steam. One of the main symbols of Duke football’s past failures was the track that surrounded the Wallace Wade Stadium field, but the University constructed the new

can mold a program into a perennial contender. Calipari falls into this group as well and his success has made him one of the highest paid college coaches, and deservedly so. The Kentucky head coach may have been trying to stick up for his peers when he went on his customary rant a week ago. But finding the perfect formula to judge college coaches on is far from simple math. Morris Williams Track and Field complex in January 2015 along with Kennedy Tower, a four-story tower that supports the track facility and Koskinen Stadium. The Blue Devils’ soccer and lacrosse teams compete at Koskinen. With the track removed, Wallace Wade’s playing surface was lowered, and a massive video board and new kicking field accompanied renovated blue seats that signified Duke football’s growth. “Look what Kevin has done. The point of the construction is not the construction,” Brodhead said. “At the same time, if you hadn’t done something to Wallace Wade, you’re doomed to be a crummy program until the last judgement. So there were physical investments, and they would enable us to realize the deeper potentials of athletics.” “One thing that gives me enormous satisfaction is Duke used to have fantastic programs whose facilities were very rundown and in some cases, below mediocre. You can’t expect to recruit really good student-athletes to a football program when your stadium is less good than many high school stadiums.” In addition to focusing on individual facilities construction and renovations—such as the recent upgrades to Cameron Indoor Stadium, Blue Devil Tower that oversees Wallace Wade and Scott Family Athletics Performance Center—White’s main goal was to connect Duke’s facilities with a plaza that fans could easily use to access ticketing, apparel and gameday venues. That vision recently became a reality last fall with the Scott building and adjoining pavilion completed, bringing to an end an intense period of renovations that started with the completion of new grass and turf fields between Cameron Boulevard and See WHITE on Page 16

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M. BASKETBALL from page 11 points per contest. Unlike in years past, though, the Orange offense has led the team to a pair of quality home victories against Florida State and Virginia. In the backcourt, graduate transfers Andrew White III and John Gillon can fill it up from long range, and rookie Tyus Battle has already shown a knack for hitting timely perimeter shots. Gillon ranks fourth in the ACC at 5.4 assists per game, distributing the ball to his backcourt mates and sophomore forward Tyler Lydon. After emerging in the NCAA tournament last year, Lydon has had an up-and-down season but is still shooting 41.9 percent from downtown and is a capable shot blocker as well as the team’s leading rebounder. However, to pull off another home

upset, Syracuse will have to contend with Duke’s eighth-ranked 3-point defense. The Blue Devils (22-5, 10-4) have held their ACC opponents to just 31.8 percent from distance—tops in the league—meaning that something will likely have to give against the Orange. “Something was missing...and it showed up defensively in the first half,” Krzyzewski said Saturday. “In the second half, we just switched everything. We thought, ‘We can’t go zone, our ball-screen defense stinks, let’s switch and if they try to take advantage of us inside, at least they won’t be driving and they’ll be 2-point shots.’” Freshman Jayson Tatum has proven to be a matchup nightmare in Duke’s biggest games this year, and that trend will likely need to continue Wednesday. The St. Louis native poured in all 19 of his points in the second half against North Carolina and set a career-high with 28 at Virginia—his versatility and jump shooting make him an ideal candidate to burst the bubble in the middle of Syracuse’s zone. If Krzyzewski indeed decides to utilize the first-year forward in the middle of the zone, it will likely then be incumbent on Allen—who has battled multiple foot injuries this year—and freshman Frank Jackson to get the ball to both Kennard and Tatum where they can attack. With the Blue Devils traveling for another road test at Miami later in the week, Duke will likely need all hands on deck in its quest for the ACC regular-season title. “[Allen’s] a great athlete, not a good one,” Krzyzewski said. “He’s accustomed to doing things with his body that you and I never have a clue, and then all of a sudden, you try to do it instinctively and it doesn’t work, or it tweaks you a little bit more and you get frustrated.”

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017 | 13

Jim Liu | The Chronicle Graduate student Amile Jefferson will look to hold his own against big men Tyler Lydon and Taurean Thompson Wednesday night.

The Chronicle Our favorite White House adviser: Tiffany: �� clairity Putin: ��theneeldeal Kellyanne Polls: ��beyerbeware Kushner: �� chasonthedream Bannon: �� #amrithisnotimpressed My boy Stephen: �� gautamcity

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Jim Liu | The Chronicle Matt Jones and the Blue Devils have been among the nation’s best teams at defending the 3-point line.

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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n our last editorial, we revisited the treatment of Duke student Miriam Weeks, whose porn identity caused a scandal in 2014 and has recently inspired a Lifetime movie. Today, we turn to examining perspectives of sex and morality on campus and how they are discussed. Sex is often a taboo subject on its own; mixed with morality and judgment, it can easily become a dangerous and awkward topic. Just as different places vary in their unique cultural traditions, they also vary in how they view, talk about and engage in sex. And since Duke’s application process plucks from such wide range of locations, a diverse amalgam of strong and often opposing viewpoints about sex on campus is to be expected. After all, each of us not only brings a unique point of view, but brings 17 or 18 years of reinforcement of those views. Ideally, Duke’s diversity and depth of perspectives could be a gold mine for learning about how different cultures view sex and the complex array of factors that influence that. Instead, it often devolves into a passive aggressive stew of shaming, condescension and self-

onlinecomment “A thoughtful and well-written column. Unfortunately, many, if not most journalists these days approach stories with preset agendas and as a result cannot be trusted to be objective and fair in their reporting.”

righteousness that boils over in our efforts to turn our own moral preferences (“I should”) into outward crusades (“you should”). Certainly, some perspectives, such as certain religious beliefs, may encourage the active persuasion of others to a side, but when judgment is dispensed so quickly without truly understanding perspectives, persuasion seems improbable at best. When perspectives about sex other than our own are judged before they are understood,

Editorial they can be misrepresented or oversimplified. Take for example, the starting place of sex talk—the view that is good to openly discuss sex. Someone with that view who often talks about sex might be labeled as immoral simply because their ethical code covering “proper topics of discussion” differs from another person’s. Similarly, someone unwilling to discuss sex might be shamed as prudish or lacking self-discovery, when they may have “sexually discovered” themselves just fine and

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decided to keep their thoughts private. After the discussion starts, judgment might turn to sexual preferences. Those with more conservative preferences may label others participating in Duke’s hookup culture as desperate or attention seeking. Meanwhile, those uncomfortable with participating, once again, are told that they simply have not found themselves and that they ought to fast forward to the 21st century. This simplification of perspectives other than our own not only serves as a missed learning opportunity but also silences future conversations. One party, having loudly validated its own beliefs, thinks that the conversation is over. The other, having been silenced through shame, is too frustrated to pursue future, possibly equally pointless, belief sharing sessions. In truth, there are no right answers to moral questions about sex. We urge students to seek to thoroughly understand others’ perspectives before deciding where to place them on a scale or trying to win them over to a side. Echoing our conclusion from yesterday’s editorial, respect others and allow them to settle into their own place, wherever it may be.

The enemy of my enemy is my pen P

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— “Fed up,” responding to “The gatekeepers,” published February 20, 2017

Est. 1905

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14 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017

resident Trump has entered the eye of the storm. After a raucous first month of media blowback against his policies as commanderin-chief, Saturday Night Live has gone on a two week break. The relentless Trump-attack vehicle has portrayed the President as a petulant toddler, his press secretary as a deranged lunatic and his chief strategist as the devil incarnate. The late-night comedy sketch TV show, which informs way more voters than it should, will do Trump no harm—at least until it returns on March 4. If the show’s recent content is any indication, “March [will come] in like a lion,” flush with even more satire targeting the Trump administration. March will surely “[go] out” like a lion, too. As humorous as the SNL sketches are, one cannot deny that they assume an overt political bias, which has the effect of misinforming the general populace. For this reason, Trump referred to the media, which includes SNL and many other outlets, as the “enemy of the American people.” Naturally, such a statement was delivered by the

his words and their inherent bias will become more apparent. For each of his aforementioned missteps in the past week, Trump has had to make amends because the media has been justified in their interpretations of his half-baked remarks. When Trump returns to the podium/camera/keyboard of his iPhone, he typically succeeds in correcting his previous statements, but the damage is already done. By that time, a plethora of articles making reasonable negative inferences about the words of the president have been published, read and shared. Trump needs to hold himself to a higher standard or he will continue to allow the media to paint whatever picture of him it likes. Trump must not give the media a blank canvas; he must be as explicit as possible, which requires foresight and planning. Conversely, the “enemy of the American people”— the media—is aware of what Trump has not yet learned. It comprehends the power of written word. Whether it appears in print or it is read from a teleprompter, word that is prepared beforehand is more effective than word

Jacob Weiss NOT JUMPING TO ANY CONCLUSIONS

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leader of the free world in 140 characters or less. The tweet was made following a press conference last Thursday in which Trump bashed the media for their hypercritical coverage of his administration. The message Trump conveyed about the biased and misleading light shed upon him by the mainstream media was generally true; however from the opening statement to the concluding tweet, Trump’s speech was replete with missteps that open the door for media critique. Characteristic of any Trump address is a poorly worded conjecture that fills the headlines the following day. In the past week alone, Trump stated that anyone who opposes the president is an “enemy of the American people,” fabricated a terror attack in Sweden to promote his narrative on refugee policy and neglected to condemn anti-Semitism when prompted by a reporter to do so. As to be expected, the media jumped on these missteps every time. Trump is justified when he calls out the media for their unfair treatment of his presidency; however, he shares in the blame. Trump’s lack of preparedness and cavalier attitude towards public appearance has put him in countless compromising positions. If Trump really wishes to get across the points he is trying to make, he must plan out what he is going to say. He must write his speeches, tweets, responses, etc. with intention and discipline. For Trump, the enemy of his enemy is [his] pen. If Trump takes the time to correctly word his message, then the media will have a more difficult time distorting

which previously only existed within the confines of one’s mind. Articles published by Trump-condemned outlets, such asThe New York Times and The Washington Post, and words spoken on set by other such enemies of the state, like CNN and NBCNews, go through an extreme vetting process (of drafting and editing) before they may ever be read aloud. Adversaries cannot tenably construe these words to misrepresent the authors’ intentions, and, as such, their messages remain clear and powerful. Trump must take a page out of his “enemy’s” book, or at the very least look to history. His presidency has lasted only one month, and yet it seems like he has faced more media scrutiny than most presidents face in a four-year term. Much of the media attention is certainly due to the highly polarized electorate, the advent of social media and Trump’s specific policies, but a lot of it also results from the fact that Trump improvises for a lot of his public interactions, which is unprecedented for a politician. Should Trump follow in the footsteps of every politician before him, he will be significantly less susceptible to media attacks, especially since Americans’ trust in the media has reached an all-time low. However, should Trump continue to treat his interactions with the public lightly despite the gravity of his office, he will only augment Alec Baldwin’s fame. Jacob Weiss is a Trinity junior. His column, “not jumping to any conclusions” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

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WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017 | 15

Medicine: What is a The case for a UBI fair price? C

fter writing my article “Drug price gouging: Moral, immoral, amoral or necessary?” I felt that I had not properly addressed the question of what a fair price is. Who is to say that the price of drugs is too high? I’d like to investigate the nuance of this question in this article. When considering the market for drugs, I think it is important to note that there are at least four core realities, or assumptions, that we should understand before further investigating the problem space (if there is a “problem” at all). First, we must understand that people need many medications very, very much; lifesaving drugs are especially necessary. This means that the demand for drugs will be pretty inelastic; this means that despite price hikes, people will still demand the product. What choice do you have but to pay? Second, it’s important to note that the

David Wohlever Sanchez SIMPLE COMPLEXITY manufacturing of drugs requires plenty of science and technology. Science is very complicated, and very expensive; it’s a game of information, and you must have plenty of know-how and capital in order to enter these spaces. Third, we can assume that we live under a fairly responsive government. This government responds both to public demands as well as lobbying, where there is plenty of value to be found for drug manufacturers. We must look at this at both that micro and macro levels. At the macro level, government might react to the general will of the people, for some sort of healthcare provision (perhaps Medicare, Medicaid or subsidized insurance) and regulation for drug safety (the FDA). At the micro level, however, individual politicians might be very reactive to lobbyists who can help them secure reelection. This can lead to the so-called tragedy of the commons; a death by a thousand paper cuts. For our last assumption, we can take it as a given that we are in a market system where firms are profit-driven. In the case of drugs, this means that medicine is basically another commodity; it’s a market system, and we shouldn’t expect firms to not go for profit maximization insofar as we wouldn’t expect firms in other industries to seek maximization. The system created by these underlying core realities is a damaged one; it can be considered looking at least three factors. First, there are massive barriers to entry for this market, both regulatory (think FDA) and financial (cost of research and development, cost of acquiring FDA approval, etc.). This makes it very difficult for many firms who might enter to enter, and places an upward pressure on prices that is probably inefficient. Second, there is a lack of transparency that, while is to be expected, creates plenty of ambiguity around the actual costs of production. This makes it easy for firms already in the market to defend their high price points to both the government and the people. Third, patent laws are applied very loosely on this space (as they are often in the realm of

technology), making it possible for large drug manufacturers to create new versions of generic drugs that utilize the same underlying science, with small modifications. This is often called “evergreening”, since generics can stay fresh over and over. That could mean combining two old drugs, or creating a new method of administration (think nasal vs. injection). These drugs lead to slightly better patient outcomes, since they’re more convenient, but they can be a lot more expensive. All of these systems and actors interact in feedback loops that ultimately lead to lack of competition in many drug markets, which places an upward pressure on prices. Thus, high prices. Now, the question of a “fair price” has a moralizing feel; it’s making a normative claim about a market, which can become controversial (to say the least). Why should we expect drug manufacturers to behave any differently

ivilization is experiencing a great convergence. Automation, globalization, rising economic inequality, protectionism, wage stagnation, political volatility and a rise in populism are all contributing to a changing world in ways that few could have predicted. Millions of people will be forced into financial unsustainability. Political instability will proliferate as economic anxiety results. Debt growth will exceed income growth as wages remain stagnant and countless jobs are rendered obsolete. In the end, the cause of forming a “more perfect Union” as embedded in the Constitution of the United States of America will be undermined once more as our domestic tranquility is tested by the seismic change of an unfolding new world. It doesn’t have to be this way. We already know, according to a University of Oxford study, that 47 percent of American jobs are at risk of decimation because of automation. This includes factory workers, loan officers, receptionists and information clerks, paralegals and legal assistants, retail salespersons, taxi drivers and chauffeurs, fast food employees, truck drivers, security guards and more. Automation will supplant millions of jobs that have provided financial security to families and

Morally, a UBI is superior to today’s welfare statism. The question isn’t whether this is an ideal option that will fix everything, but whether it is a relatively better option than doing nothing and leaving what we have in place remain. With a UBI, we should expect a more efficient bureaucracy, a reduction in waste, less rent-seeking and a higher degree of societal stability. The dynamics of a UBI are market friendly, too. As the Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek argued, the provision of services by the state distorts markets and stymies private competition. Accordingly, a UBI would get rid of conditional wealth distribution to all people. Concurrently, a UBI would also reflect our belief in liberty by removing paternalistic elements of the current welfare state by erasing the constraints on purchases dictated by food stamps and ending the condescending preconditions of drug tests and proving that you are looking for a job. The end to patronizing wealth redistribution will incentivize innovation and entrepreneurship as more people feel financially confident to venture on starting a new business. The transition from a coercive market to a free market where people can choose where to work will encourage employers to attract employees with higher pay and more flexible hours. The government has no right dictating how

John Guarco

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CARTHAGO DELENDA EST.

than firms in other markets? Well, for one thing, demand for lifesaving drugs is very inelastic (as discussed above). Some might argue that it isn’t fair for firms to take advantage of this by keeping prices so high on items that can make the difference between life and death, or comfort and suffering. Additionally, it seems clear to me that drug manufacturers experience plenty of advantages that might not be defensible. For instance, the patent laws are applied without much restriction, which allows practices like “evergreening” that do not benefit society in proportion to the extra costs they impose. Additionally, it is illegal to reimport drugs from other countries at lower prices, a policy that drug manufacturers lobby for heavily. However, when considering the question of what a fair price is, we must be careful not to discount the contributions that manufacturers have made to the common good. Ponder a world without drug manufacturers that invest in further research and innovation: a bleak world indeed. I hold the opinion that there is some sort of middle ground here, where profit-seeking firms can still see good returns, while people (and government) can afford the drugs they need without extreme costs. However, this is clearly ambiguous. It would be ideal for this market to be like any other, where the “fair price” is the price of the market, in which there are plenty of competitors who fight over your business. Accordingly, one way to answer the question of what a fair price is might be by considering what the price of a healthy market, with that essential competition, would be. This is a question for economists, not a sophomore, but it seems to be an important question indeed. Author’s note: I would like to thank Jackie Xu and Qiang Zhang for helping with the research and analysis of this issue. David Wohlever Sánchez is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “simple complexity” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

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individuals alike. The notion of equal opportunity will be made nominal as inequality exacerbates at a time of deep national division. Above all, the weakest and poorest of citizens will bear the brunt of of the economic and social tolls of new technologies while the wealthiest will continue their comfortable lifestyle free of the worries and concerns of the common man and woman. The Uber driver working a second job part-time who can no longer pay his tuition because of self-driving cars. The receptionist struggling to pay for her children’s textbooks replaced by an AI system. The young cashier at the local fast-food restaurant saving money for college. The middle class, already hurt by globalization gone awry and wages that never change, will only face more pain as the next wave of creative destruction changes the entire economy yet again. The cost of inaction has become too great to pay. The solution to tomorrow’s predictable problems exists in an idea shared by great thinkers of the past and present including Thomas Paine, Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, Martin Luther King Jr., Napoleon Bonaparte, Elon Musk, President Barack Obama and our own Duke University Professor Michael Munger: the Universal Basic Income (UBI). The UBI is a periodic entitlement payment funded through tax revenue that is not contingent on action or service by the recipient, other than obedience to the law. A UBI would substitute the status quo welfare state with a check and a signature at the bank. The UBI, an idea that generates support from both far-right libertarians and left-wing socialists, is a thoughtful policy option towards what will soon be one of our country’s biggest problems. Structurally, a UBI will reduce the size of government, improve our status quo welfare system and ensure that our redistributive policies reflect our values of freedom, equality and individualism. Welfare programs at the federal, state and local level cost nearly $1 trillion dollars of government spending in total. The UBI would reduce administrative costs by abolishing each of the 126 federal welfare programs. Each separate set of rules, regulations and inefficient bureaucracies within each welfare program will be eliminated. Professor Matt Zwolinski of the University of San Diego argues, “It would also be good from the perspective of welfare beneficiaries. Actually getting signed up for all the various welfare benefits to which one is entitled is tremendously costly in terms of time, effort and skill at bureaucratic navigation.” Not only will our welfare state reduce the amount of money needed to oversee the welfare state while still increasing its efficiency, but it will also ease the process of acquiring a UBI from those who need it the most.

we should spend our money. Hayek argued in the Constitution of Liberty that a basic income guarantee justifies liberty in our Republic as not only being subject to the absence of the initiation of force, but also free of being subject to the arbitrary will of another person. Our freedom will expand as people are able to leave abusive relationships that only survive because of financial support. Their economic agency will improve as people are able to end employment under authoritarian bosses when they have no savings. Women will achieve a new level of financial independence and autonomy in an environment where they are still shamefully treated as lesser than men. A UBI offers an outlet of escape for citizens who are systematically oppressed and marginalized by an unfair and rigged system that perpetuates economic, social and political inequality. The future will require concerted multilateral efforts towards solving the world’s most pressing problems that lie ahead: climate change, failed nation-states, international terrorism, disease, nuclear proliferation and space colonization. The institutional instability engendered by further economic inequality will hinder efforts towards solving these monumental problems for both today’s people and future generations. Political courage and cooperation will be necessary to preserve the hope of societal stability by preventing the carnage that developing economic storms threaten. Finland is already experimenting with a universal basic income. While rejected, Switzerland brought a basic guaranteed income to the national conversation with a referendum vote. The Canadian Province of Ontario’s basic income guarantee for seniors has reduced poverty rates among the elderly by 25 percent, increased longevity and food security, and allowed recipients to spend their money independently of government control. Alaska has a Permanent Fund Dividend that pays its citizens $1,184 each year that has led to lower economic inequality, high approval ratings and one of America’s highest rates of statewide well-being. North Carolina has a basic income guarantee for members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and has seen a decrease in crime, poverty, behavioral issues in children, the likelihood of developing psychiatric or substance problems and an increase in high school graduation rates among the Native American tribe. Enough time has been wasted. It is time for the United States of America to lead the world by example once more with the implementation of a universal basic income before it is too late. John Guarco is a Trinity senior. His column, “carthago delenda est.,” usually runs on alternate Wednesdays.

16 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017

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new venues for sports. “We’ve had projects all over the place over the last 8.5 years. Dick has been deeply involved in each and every one of those projects,” White said. “If you’ve had Wallace Wade Stadium in 2013. the opportunity to listen to anything I’ve said or written, The current major athletics construction project is I actually think we’re building facilities for the next 100 happening on East Campus, where Duke softball’s new years, with the code as it relates to construction today.” stadium is being built before the team begins competition in January 2018. ‘In his DNA’ “The idea of a coherent campus where you have Since arriving at Duke in 2004, Brodhead’s relationship intramural fields, a track, soccer, lacrosse, football, reaching with athletics has extended well beyond the high-profile over to tennis, Cameron, including volleyball and all those Blue Devil men’s basketball program. things, just the idea of a physically coherent athletic campus He said one of the many new experiences as president totally proximate to the residential university campus— came when he asked Alleva to take him to a wrestling that’s Kevin’s achievement,” Brodhead said. practice in Brodhead’s first year. The former Yale professor With Duke Forward’s success and long-term impacts and dean had never been at a university that offered being one of Brodhead’s accomplishments, the growth wrestling as a varsity sport. of the University’s athletic facilities has coincided with a In addition to speaking to many of Duke’s 26—soon to broader Duke makeover. be 27 with the addition of softball—varsity teams, Brodhead From the recently-opened West Union and Student also frequently attends sporting events on campus and is Health and Wellness Center to the upcoming Arts well-known for his presence at Cameron Indoor Stadium Center and new dormitories, the University has had to for men’s basketball. simultaneously balance revamping its main campus and its And when he first arrived, he barely had to step outside his house to watch some of the Blue Devils’ approximately 600 athletes. “The shot put facility [in track and field] used to be right next to the president’s house. I had a humorous interest in the shot put and discus,” Brodhead said. “Standing in my front yard, you could here this strange thump of the shot put hitting the ground. Now it’s moved. That’s an event I’ve watched. I’m a person of very eclectic tastes.” “I’ve loved every piece of athletics. I don’t love athletics separately from the rest of Duke, I love it together with the rest of Duke. When I discovered that Duke has won 10 national championships during my presidency, I’m pretty proud of that, and in a great range of sports, including men’s and women’s sports, and high visibility. That makes me happy.” White and Brodhead have worked together on the facilities renovations, but they have also collaborated when hiring new coaches. Although he recognizes how important building a new softball stadium on East Campus is to the program, Brodhead called getting to know head coach Marissa Young and ultimately deciding she would start the program his joy in the whole process. Duke’s first scholarship softball athletes arrived last fall. “Dick loves to win, there’s no question about that, at a very high level. He’s most interested in the student-athlete experience. He wants us to get it right, and he wants the student athletes just to have a brilliant experience,” White said. “That’s very much in his DNA. He wants it to be done Duke-like, and he wants it done with very high integrity, and that’s not negotiable.” It might seem odd for an athletic director and president to frequently text one another, but given how ingrained athletics are in Duke’s student culture, don’t be surprised if White and Brodhead’s replacement Vincent Price have a similar working relationship. “I think it’s critical for the leader, for the university president, to be involved with athletics,” White said. “It’s an external activity, it’s a part of the institution that affects the image and reputation. There’s a lot of moving parts. It’s a part of the university wherein an institution can enjoy a great reputation and lose it in a nanosecond…. I think a university president, the ultimate leader of a place like Duke, a $5 billion business if you will, needs to have a pretty good pulse of the intercollegiate program.”

WHITE from page 12

Chronicle File Photo Opening the new track and field stadium two years ago allowed Duke to remove the track from the periphery of its football field.

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Austin Peer | Chronicle File Photo Duke broke ground on its new softball stadium last summer. The softball team will begin competition next January.