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Jeh Johnson discusses terrorism

Duke set for ACC opener

The Secretary of Homeland Security spoke about current threats to the U.S. | Page 2

The Blue Devils will host Wake Forest Saturday afternoon at 3:30 p.m. | Sports Page 6

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Students, faculty question proposal to build Duke Energy facility on campus Abigail Xie The Chronicle Since the University announced in May a proposal from Duke Energy to build a new natural gas facility on campus, some students and faculty members have raised concerns about the proposed plant’s impact and a lack of transparency surrounding the initial stages of the facility’s planning. The $55 million, 21-megawatt combined heat and power plant would be owned and operated by Duke Energy Carolinas, a subsidiary of Duke Energy. According to the May announcement, the facility would be capable of reducing the University’s energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 25 percent. In addition to producing electricity, the combined heat and power facility would use waste heat to produce thermal energy and steam, which would be sold back to the University. Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, wrote in an email that the University does not yet have a contract with Duke Energy, but that if the plant is approved by the North Carolina Utilities Commission, Duke could negotiate a contract and the plant would take approximately 18 months to build. The plant would be built to the east of the Blue Zone parking lot, near the existing Duke Energy substation and the University Chilled Water Plant, Schoenfeld confirmed. Potential impact Executive Vice President Tallman Trask told Indy Week recently that the primary reason the University pursued the plan for this facility was the “continuity of electricity” it

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Duke launches new Spring Break program Emily Liu The Chronicle

power plant can reach higher efficiency than either a plant that just creates heat or steam, or a plant that just generates electricity, explained Tim Profeta, director of the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions. Schoenfeld wrote that the new facility would thus reduce the amount of fossil fuels burned at University steam plants, and would overall reduce Duke’s carbon dioxide footprint by 13 percent.

While many students take to the beaches over Spring Break, others who stay on campus will soon be able spend their week playing with puppies or mathematically analyzing “Game of Thrones.” Spring Breakthrough, a new program this year, encourages students to explore their intellectual interests by offering short seminar-style courses in a risk-free setting. Classes are offered for no credit, no grade and no cost, although they will appear on student transcripts. The program will run for five days during Spring Break in 2017 from March 12 to March 16. Students will be able to sign up for courses where they can explore cognitive neuroscience and veterinary science by playing with puppies, discuss the intersection of biology and popular science fiction or investigate the historical and political role of black athletes in sports culture, along with eight others. “So many students are focused on their GPA and meeting the requirements of their majors that sometimes it’s hard to step back and just learn for the sake of learning,” said Laura Howes, program manager for Spring Breakthrough and associate director of strategy and operations in the Office of the Provost. “This program is designed to create space for students to refresh their thinking and engage in hopefully new topics.” The program is only open to freshmen and sophomores, and coordinators said that they

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Han Kang | The Chronicle The proposed plant would be built east of the Blue Zone parking lot, near the existing Duke Energy substation.

would provide the Duke University Hospital, noting that solar power is not as reliable of a power source. “We run the largest hospital in the Carolinas, and it’s dependent on electricity sent here from very long distances, and the grid can fail,” he told Indy Week. “We can’t afford to let the hospital lose power, and this is an economic way of guaranteeing the availability of power for the hospital and research labs.” By capturing the steam driving a turbine and using it for heat, a combined heat and

New electronic entry system to be installed across campus Ketan Gupta The Chronicle

Jeremy Chen | The Chronicle All dorms on campus will eventually allow students to enter by tapping their DukeCard.

Students may no longer have to worry about being locked out of their dorms, thanks to a new initiative from Housing, Dining and Residence Life. Over the summer, a new entry system was installed in all of the dorms on East Campus that allows students to enter by simply tapping their DukeCard to the card reader. Residents in Giles are also testing out electronic locks on room doors that are opened using waterproof electronic bracelets with chips embedded, replacing a traditional key. Giles freshmen said that they enjoy the new way of opening their rooms.

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“I like them a lot, as opposed to using keys,” freshman Kaelah Brauher said. “A lot of my friends, when they go to their rooms, have to wrestle around to find their keys, but for us it’s really easy and convenient.” Freshman Nicole Ross noted that she is excited for the system to be implemented in other buildings. “I use my wristband to get in everywhere, I barely have to take my key out unless it’s to get into a gym or anything,” Ross said. “I think they should implement this system in every single dorm because it’s extremely useful and just amazing.” However, some students said that there was confusion on move-in day about how to use the electronic cards and bracelets. “I think when we first got them, they were kind of a nuisance because we weren’t

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really sure how to use them, and it took like ten minutes to get into my actual room,” freshman Mackenzie DeLoatch said. “But now, it’s like I don’t even have to think about it, and it’s super easy and convenient.” Rick Johnson, associate vice president of student affairs for Housing, Dining and Residence Life, explained that all of the dorms on campus will eventually have these features. “At this point, the University has no way to lock down or control entry into University buildings,” he said. “If there was a safety issue, the University could not centrally lock doors, which is a problem.” He noted that many other college campuses have systems in which locking

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Jeh Johnson speaks on immigration, meets with protestors Rob Palmisano The Chronicle U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson presented lessons in public service, reporting suspicious behavior and the prevailing conflict between national freedom and national security at the Sanford School of Public Policy Thursday night. The talk was part of Duke’s fifth annual commemorative event in recognition of the 9/11 attacks. Johnson talked with David Schanzer, associate professor of the practice in Sanford and director of the Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Security, about the “war on terror” immediately following 9/11, precautions the DHS is taking against foreign intervention in the presidential election in November and Johnson’s current thoughts on immigration. A major theme was Johnson’s emphasis on the evolution of the terrorist threat from one of clearly defined military objectives such as that of Al Qaeda to a more faceless brand of “home-grown” terrorism. He noted that counterterrorism today extends far beyond the military. “We’re in a very different place right now that requires a collective government effort,” Johnson said. On the subjects of maintaining election integrity and quelling illegal immigration, Johnson described his ongoing campaigns to offer in-house vulnerability assessments and best practices information sharing for local governments organizing elections as well as to continue displacing illegal immigrants apprehended at the border back to their home countries in accordance with immigration laws. But just as Johnson began to address the issue of immigration before the audience,

Juan Bermudez | The Chronicle Jeh Johnson discussed the evolution of terrorist threats against the United States and his thoughts on immigration at a talk Thursday night.

a group of people in the balcony alcoves let down a banner featuring the names of the “North Carolina 6”—what activists have been calling several young men who left El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras and who have all been detained recently by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Wildin Guillen Acosta, a 19-year-old Riverside High School student who fled gang violence in his native Honduras in 2014, attended Johnson’s event, along with a group of advocates that included Durham public school teachers and other students. Acosta has been making local headlines this past year after he was detained for six months in a federal immigration detention center. “He is one of the Central American children you are talking about, he is standing right there. How do you tell him that you detained him for

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nine months just because he was on his way to school?” asked one of Acosta’s advocates, directed toward Johnson. Johnson replied, noting that immigration is the most emotionally difficult issue he has ever dealt with in public service and that he wishes he could embrace and adopt all of the hundreds of immigrant children he has encountered in holding centers in South Texas, but that it is simply not feasible. “I signed up for this job and I signed up to enforce the law in as humane a manner as we can. Do we always do it perfectly? No. And there are plenty of people who are always ready to criticize and point out our flaws,” he said. Johnson then offered to meet with Acosta in private following the event. Acosta told The Chronicle that during his private meeting with Johnson, which lasted

approximately 20 minutes, he told Johnson about being detained and described the federal immigration detention center in Georgia. When Acosta told him about a friend of his in detention that had requested medical assistance but was denied, Johnson “didn’t want to answer the question,” Acosta said. Johnson said he was going to investigate the detention center, however, added Acosta. Overall, Acosta noted that he did not get exactly what he hoped for from meeting with Johnson, but that “a little bit is better than nothing.” “I never thought I was going to speak with the [Secretary of Homeland Security]. It was something surprising, people so powerful to come to an immigrant like myself and talk to me face-to-face,” he explained. “It’s something that you don’t see.” Acosta added that Johnson’s staff told him that this was only Johnson’s second time meeting with protestors at an event. Several students, faculty and spectators reacted positively to Johnson’s talk. Freshmen Maya Samal said she appreciated how Schanzer and Johnson did not delve into more heated political issues and were able to resolve the brief stir-up surrounding immigration in a surprisingly calming way. Sophomore James Hwang noted the significance of the talk. “I was actually in the overflow room, and I think that’s a testament to just how important this talk was and how important terrorism and illegal immigration is to the students and the people who showed up today,” he said. Michael Sprayberry, director of emergency management in North Carolina who attended the talk, similarly praised Johnson. “He was able to address some questions from some surprising guests about immigration, and I thought he had a lot of candor,” he said.

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New lab combines science with law, policymaking Tyler Lian The Chronicle Neither career lawyers nor fresh-faced premeds are excluded from Science, Law & Policy Laboratory, which is beginning its second year exploring science in a law and policymaking setting. Researchers at the SLAPLAB focus on the social impact of new technology— like direct-to-consumer genetic tests and wearable EEG headsets—recognizing that advancements in modern science have outstripped the domain of current legislation. Nita Farahany, director of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society and professor of law and philosophy who also directs the SLAPLAB, noted the importance of combining science research with policy research as the two become increasingly intertwined and using a more numbers-driven approach to create laws. “The intuitions that you come into a project with don’t necessarily bear out with the empirical data,” Farahany said. “It’s those kinds of surprise findings that show that your gut instincts may be wrong.” Current research projects at the lab involve topics like testing neuroscience devices for meditation and focus, public attitudes toward consumer neuroscience devices and the empirical use of neuroscience in law. Farahany created the lab last Fall after students and faculty began to take interest in her unique line of research, which looks at applications of neuroscience in the criminal courtroom. Through her work, she strives not only to generate research but to integrate it into

practical decision-making. “There are a lot of important decisions in science policy made without empirical research to guide those decisions,” Farahany said. “One of the main purposes of SLAP Lab is to do research that can help and form and shape public policy, in particular science policy, by bringing data to questions that society grapples with.” Susanne Haga, associate professor of medicine who works with the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, also noted that empirical science needs to be better incorporated into policy and law. “Everything is evidence - based, or at least that’s the push,” Haga said. “Where is the evidence that this thing works? Where is the evidence that if we do something different it’s going to make a change?” The researchers at the SLAPLAB gather their evidence primarily through surveys distributed on crowdsourcing websites like Amazon Mechanical Turk, which allows people to coordinate the use of human intelligence to perform tasks that computers are currently unable to do. Then, they use statistical software like NVivo to perform qualitative analysis and review the results. In her project studying 3D printing and intellectual property law, Rosa Castro—SLAPLAB researcher and patent lawyer—said that it can be easy sometimes to get caught up in the theoretical aspects of research. But researchers at the lab think carefully about the best way to present their work outside of an academic audience, whether in a short newspaper article or a briefing to politicians, she explained.

“It’s important for researchers and policymakers to know what the public thinks,” Castro said. “Policy is supposed to be for the people, so it is important for policymakers to know what consumers are afraid of.” Junior Elish Mahajan works alongside Castro on the 3D printing project and shares a similar outlook. “[3D printing] is already coming up in Congress. It’s already coming up among world leaders,” he said. “So by contributing to the literature, hopefully we’ll be giving a unique point that influences how policy is shaped in the coming years.” In the future, Farahany said that she wants the lab, which currently has a

biological and genomic focus, to delve deeper into high-tech fields like robotics and artificial intelligence. In addition, the lab may begin joint projects with the Morals, Attitudes & Decision - Making Lab, or MADLAB, at the Kenan Institute of Ethics in the next year. These cross - disciplinary collaborations are crucial to the SLAPLAB, Mahajan said. “The kind of person that works best [in the SLAPLAB] is someone that’s interested in [science, policy or law], but also interested in all of them combined together,” Mahajan said. “It’s the kind of person that wants to see how things connect and how things mix together and the actual, applicable results.”

Photos courtesy of Wikimedia Commons and Duke Photography The SLAPLAB, led by Nita Farahany, aims to produce research that can help shape science policy and law.

4 | FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2016

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‘Junk DNA’ may give scientists insights into cancer Harrison Labban The Chronicle A new study by the Sullivan Lab suggests that a major breakthrough in better understanding cancer might be hiding in plain sight. Using a new technique, researchers found that variations in sequences of satellite DNA—the 98 percent of DNA not responsible for coding proteins—can lead to an individual’s chromosomes being unstable. This puts some at much higher risk of developing cancer. “My basic reason for doing what I do is to understand how chromosomes are precisely inherited every cell cycle, every cell division,” said Beth Sullivan, the study’s principal investigator and an associate professor of molecular genetics Image courtesy of Duke Photography and microbiology. “We know that if this process is not carried out precisely, if you get too many or too few chromosomes, you A new study by Beth Sullivan identified factors that can lead to get diseases like Down Syndrome or you get cancer.” an individual’s chromosomes being unstable.

“ T H E Y E A R S H AV E PA S S E D B U T T H E I R M E M O R I E S L I V E I N T H E H E A RT S O F T H E I R F R I E N D S A N D FA M I LY, A N D O F T H I S U N I V E R S IT Y . W E A R E S A D D E N E D B Y T H E I R A B S E N C E B U T I N S P I R E D B Y T H E I R L E G A C Y. T H I S PA I N F U L D AY A L S O R E M I N D S U S T H AT T H E P OW E R O F D E ST RU C T I O N I S L E S S M I G H T Y T H A N IT S O P P O S I T E : O U R P O S I T I V E E F F O RT S A S I N D I V I D U A L S A N D A S A C O M M U N I T Y .”

— Richard H. Brodhead, President, Duke University

On September 11, 2002, Duke University dedicated a Memorial Grove of six trees in Keohane Quadrangle to honor the alumni who lost their lives on September 11, 2001. Today, on the 15th anniversary of this tragedy, we will lay a wreath in the Memorial Grove to remember these alumni: J. Robinson “Rob” Lenoir ’84 Peter Ortale ’87 Christopher Todd Pittman ’93 A. Todd Rancke ’81 Frederick C. Rimmele III M.D. ’94 Michael Morgan Taylor ’81

Please join us today to pause and reflect on these members of the Duke family.

Sullivan’s study was interested in the 98 percent of DNA— commonly referred to as junk DNA—that does not code for proteins in the body. These segments are often repetitive and lack the amount of variation found in protein-coding DNA. Specifically, she studies centromeres, the point of a chromosome to which a spindle fiber attaches during cell division. “A lot of researchers think my centromeres are ‘junk,’” Sullivan said. “I think people are starting to realize we can’t call it junk anymore, because it actually has a function. Now we’re realizing it can actually have some serious functional consequences.” Sullivan, who also serves as director of the Genetics and Genomics FOCUS cluster, uses the analogy of a bus when describing centromeres and their functions to her students. If the chromosome is a bus, the centromere is the bus driver—it is the component that drives the movement of the chromosome. Most researchers study impairments of the bus, but Sullivan believes the bus driver is just as important. The Sullivan Lab has previously made other discoveries in the field. Scientists long believed that the centromere could only attach at one site until several years ago when the Sullivan lab showed that there are actually two places on the chromosome where the centromere can be built. They found that 30 percent of the population used the “backup” site, which may be the result of an unstable chromosome. “We wanted to know why there was an alternative, what was the need? What are the genetic conditions that would cause you to use a backup site?” Sullivan said. “Our hypothesis was that you use the backup site if there was genomic variation at the primary site which causes it to be less desirable.” In order to complete this research, Sullivan and her team developed a new technique that allows them to stretch out a sample of DNA, examine their size and sequence and compare it to other samples. To stretch out these tiny, condensed regions, the team built a small platform and secured to it to three microscope slides and cover slips. “What this did was allow me to be able to put my cells on the slide in the middle and take another slip and move down along the slide without actually touching or breaking the DNA that was being stretched out. We were able to stretch out the array and then use [fluorescence in situ hybridization] to tag specific parts of interest,” said Molly Kuo, Trinity ’15 and a co-author of the study. “It was really cool. I felt like I got to build something new, which was different from my everyday work.” Sullivan is currently seeking funding to research the 30 percent of the population with unstable DNA. “I’m on a campaign to get people to realize that these regions of the genome perform very essential functions, that they have variation just like genes do and that we really need to be studying them too,” Sullivan said. “It’s like my personal crusade.” In the future, Sullivan hopes to unite this study with the overarching goal of her lab—building a fully functional artificial chromosome. “The goal of the artificial chromosome is to put any gene on it you want,” Sullivan said. “You can use it for gene therapy, you can correct certain diseases, you can correct a blood disorder by adding on a good factor in a cell that didn’t previously have it. Our foundational goal is to build the best centromere possible, and then add genes to it that can be used to correct disease.”

ENTRY from page 1 doors is controlled centrally. Although the timeline for the project’s completion is undetermined, Johnson said that HDRL will install the technology in any residence halls that are being renovated or built. This includes the new dorm on East Campus—which will be built close to Bell Tower residence hall and will be completed by January 2018—as well as Crowell and Craven residence halls, which are in line to be updated. The new system also makes Giles safer because doors automatically lock when closed, Johnson explained. Even if students are only leaving their rooms to take a shower, their belongings are safe. The feedback from freshmen about the bracelets has been overwhelmingly positive, Johnson said. He noted that because of the new technology, very few students have been locked out of their rooms. “It seems, from a technology standpoint, that the key systems were outdated, and the University wants to move toward a comprehensive solution all over campus,” he said. “Not only outside of every building on campus, but it made a lot of sense to take that same technology and move it inside residence halls.” Claire Ballentine contributed reporting.

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ENERGY from page 1 However, the Duke Climate Coalition, a student-led group, has recently voiced concerns about the proposed plant. A petition by the DCC to stop the plant has gathered almost 500 student signatures as of last week, noted sophomore Claire Wang, president of the DCC. “Duke claims the plant is going to be cleaner than the existing energy,” Wang said. “The challenge is that the actual methodology behind this figure has not been released. Our best guess is these emission reductions... won’t take into account the power plant itself.” Wang also noted that further details of the proposed plant and what renewable energy alternatives were considered have not been released. “If Duke were to say it’s the best it can do at this point, it’s missing the point,” she added. “We want Duke University to be the climate leader that it’s always claimed to be. The proposal that currently stands flies in the face of that.” The University’s Climate Action Plan, which commits to the University to achieving carbon neutrality by 2024, was developed in 2009 by the Campus Sustainability Committee, which is tasked with guiding sustainability policies on campus and is made up of students, faculty members and administrators appointed by President Richard Brodhead. The committee last year was co-chaired by Trask and Profeta. Profeta noted the possibility of the proposed facility converting to use of biogas instead of natural gas in the future “The [Climate Action Plan] was written to say that we should build that natural gas infrastructure but change from natural gas to biogas,” Profeta explained. “As long as we’re on a path to get away from fossil fuels, it’s not inconsistent with the plan.” Schoenfeld also noted that the plant does not prevent Duke from deploying other renewable energy sources in the future, and that the proposed 35-year agreement with Duke Energy was not set in stone. “While a 35-year term is typical in the utility industry because it lines up with the expected life of power generation equipment, the University will ensure it has options to exit the agreement should better options become available to improve the reliability of electric systems, or more sustainable sources of energy become available at the scale and cost that meet the campus needs,” Schoenfeld wrote. Transparency Randy Wheeless, communications manager for Duke Energy, told The Chronicle in May that Duke Energy had been discussing this project with the University for approximately a year. “Duke University is a very important customer—we’ve been talking to them a long time,” he noted. “There are a lot of complexities that have to be worked out but we think we’ve arrived at a very good project, that’ll be good for Duke Energy but also for the University as well.” Profeta said that he believed that the initial planning from the University’s side had been handled mostly by the Executive Vice President’s office and Facilities and Management. Wang, however, noted that the DCC, which had been in meetings with Trask and Facilities and Management over the course of the past year, and the Campus Sustainability Committee were not informed about the plan for the facility until it was announced in May. Trask could not be reached for comment in time for publication. “While there had been preliminary work that was done under a non-disclosure agreement because other parties were involved, the Board of Trustees, the Campus Sustainability Committee and student groups were advised that a potential project was being discussed,” Schoenfeld wrote. Profeta, who is also co-chair of the

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FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2016 | 5

Campus Sustainability Committee, noted that the committee was never consulted last year on the proposal. Rather, he said, there may have been a passing reference to a plan being in the works. “The University is supposed to be a pretty egalitarian place, with faculty council, student council and others having input on decisions like this, and that didn’t happen here,” Drew Shindell, professor of climate sciences in the Nicholas School of the Environment, told Indy Week recently. “We’ve received no information about the University’s decision making process. It’s basically, we just have to take their word for it, but we have no measure of validity of their claims,” Wang added. Profeta explained that since the proposal was announced, he has been working with Nicholas School of the Environment faculty and the Duke Energy Initiative to try and establish a forum larger than just the Campus Sustainability Committee to foster open dialogue on campus about the proposal. “I always think in our community we should be as open communicators as we can,” he said. “I think we should be trying to foster greater communication amongst all the Duke community and the staff.”

What’s Happening at Duke

SPRING BREAK from page 1

Gimme Dat Grub

hope students will use this as an opportunity to go outside of their focus areas. “The thinking is that freshmen and sophomores are at a point in their trajectory at Duke where if they find a new passion, they still have time to follow that path,” Howes said. Each of the 11 classes will have between five and 14 students, and the faculty said they aim to create a sense of community among the students through field trips and communal meals. Spring Breakthrough will be completely free for students, as it will be paid for by the Strategic Investment Funds of the Office of the Provost. Sign-ups for the program begin Nov. 7. Howes noted that each of the faculty members teaching a Spring Breakthrough class got to choose the subject and design their courses themselves. Anita Layton, Robert R. & Katherine B. Penn professor of mathematics and professor of biomedical engineering, will be teaching a course titled “Mathematics, As Seen On TV.” In an effort to create a course that appealed to college students, Layton said she turned to her 13-year-old daughter for inspiration. In this course, Layton and her students will explore the role that mathematics plays in shows such as “The Walking Dead” and “Game of Thrones.” “I want to reach students who don’t intend to be quantitative science majors, but are curious about math. I believe that everybody should know some math and stats,” Layton explained. Dan Ariely, James B. Duke professor of psychology and behavioral economics, will also be teaching a class this Spring. The course will discuss topics ranging from romance and the psychology of money to dishonesty and motivation, with opportunities for students to gather their own data and make their own observations. This kind of experiential learning, in which students can personally explore the topic, is what drew Ariely to the program, he noted. In the class “Hamilton: Music, History, and Politics,” students will be able to write songs that they thought were missing from the Broadway production of “Hamilton,” said Noah Pickus, director of the Kenan Institute for Ethics and associate research professor of public policy. Students will have the opportunity to work with coaches from Hoof ‘n’ Horn and Small Town Records. “The classes offered sound so interesting and I would be really excited to take them,” freshman Olivia Lee said. Freshman Zoe Tang added that although she likely will be traveling during Spring Break this year, she thought Spring Breakthrough classes will be an exciting option for students who remain on campus to consider.

Your weekly skim of all things Duke...

The Chronicle | September 8, 2016

Despite Duke dining recently being named the best in the nation, students are having mixed feelings towards the opening of West Union. Plus, some students have claimed that the options don’t cater to their specific needs. To be the bearer of more bad news, it seems like the food trucks aren’t doing so hot either. Can Duke ever win? Maybe this new delivery app will help turn things around.

Sportswrap What We’re Cheering About

FOOOOTBALL. The season is on and we’re looking better than ever. Men’s soccer sailed past No. 9 UCLA this past week, and women’s soccer did the same against their No. 9 opponent, Minnesota. Also, our field hockey team is lookin’ gooooood.

Trending Ending Beignets for breakfast, lunch, and dinner please.

5 Events You Can’t Miss 1. Tonight, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security will be on campus discussing the anniversary of 9/11. Sanford, 6 pm. 2. Drop/Add ends tomorrow at midnight. Is your schedule complete?

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THE BLUE ZONE

BLUE DEVILS SOLIDIFY NFL ROSTER SPOTS

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FOOTBALL

‘WE DON’T NECESSARILY LIKE WAKE FOREST’ Blue Devils open ACC play in Week 2 against in-state rival

Brian Mazur The Chronicle The Blue Devils had no problem coming out sharp against an FCS opponent in Week 1, but the level of competition is set to increase in a hurry and test Duke’s inexperienced starters. The Blue Devils will open ACC play against Wake Forest Saturday at 3:30 p.m. at Wallace Wade Stadium. Duke is coming off a 49-6 rout of N.C. Central in which redshirt freshman quarterback Daniel Jones and most of the team’s starters barely played in the second half. After Wake the Demon Deacons Forest struggled to beat Tulane vs. 7-3 Thursday, the Blue Duke Devils set a program record for most points SATURDAY, 3:30 p.m. in a half with 49 in the Wallace Wade Stadium opening 30 minutes in its Saturday season opener. But despite notching four straight wins against Wake Forest, Duke has nearly lost to the Demon Deacons in two of the past three matchups and knows it must be decisive for four quarters Saturday—not just two. “Consistency is probably the biggest thing,” Blue Devil head coach David Cutcliffe said. “I’m not just evaluating the North Carolina Central game, obviously there was a tale of two halves there. But consistency is not just what you see in a result, it’s 11 people doing the right things every snap defensively, it’s 11 people doing the right things every snap offensively and

Ian Jaffe | The Chronicle Jela Duncan ran for 115 yards against N.C. Central and will look to take pressure off Duke’s passing game against a stingy Wake Forest defense.

in the kicking game.” Although Duke (1-0) dominated in all three phases of the game, they fumbled six times against the Eagles, losing five. At his weekly press conference, Cutcliffe noted that he was especially disappointed with a pair of turnovers on special teams— redshirt freshman punter Austin Parker’s mishandling of a snap on a field goal and senior punt returner Ryan Smith’s muffed punt in the first half. This week in practice, running back Shaun Wilson and wideout T.J. Rahming

worked on fielding punts. “I’m real disappointed in the muffed punt catch,” Cutcliffe said. “That one is a focus, a little late moving to where you had to get positioned. A little focus, a little technique.” Limiting turnovers will be crucial against a Wake Forest team that struggles to score—it finished last season 119th out of 127 FBS teams in points per game— but relies on a veteran defense. The Demon Deacons (1-0) held Tulane to 134 yards passing and have one of the

best defensive backs in the ACC in Brad Watson, who tied for second on the team with 72 tackles last season. Protecting the ball against Watson and company will likely be a top priority for Jones, who finished his first start 10-of-15 for 189 yards and two touchdowns. The 6-foot-5 Charlotte native added a score on the ground and remains the Blue Devils’ clear No. 1 starter despite redshirt junior Parker Boehme’s strong play in relief last week. Boehme had 106 total yards and two touchdowns against N.C. Central, but will likely only see a lot of snaps this week if Jones struggles or gets injured. “As an offense, we executed what our gameplan was,” Jones said of the season opener. “Obviously we’re not going to be perfect, but I felt like I did a pretty good job of executing.“ After avoiding the miscues that plagued its offense in the second half against the Eagles, Duke’s defense will have to prepare for two quarterbacks this week—John Wolford and Kendall Hinton. The more traditional pocket passer, Wolford shredded the Blue Devils for 338 yards through the air last year and will likely look to target 6-foot-3 tight end Cam Serigne early and often again this time around. Wolford was ineffective against the Green Wave, passing for only 79 yards, so Hinton came in to lead the team’s only touchdown drive in the opener, running for 23 yards and completing a red zone pass to give his defense a lead to protect. See FOOTBALL on Page 8

WOMEN’S SOCCER

Third straight top-10 showdown awaits Blue Devils Sam Turken The Chronicle

The Blue Devils hosted two top-10 teams last week but might face their stiffest nonconference test and a potential Final Four preview at Koskinen Stadium this weekend. No. 6 Duke will meet No. 4 WVU its third consecutive top vs. 10-foe in No. 4 West No. 6 Virginia Friday at 7 p.m. Duke at Koskinen Stadium before hosting High FRIDAY, 7 p.m. Point Sunday at 6 p.m. Koskinen Stadium After suffering an early High upset to Arkansas in late Point August, the Blue Devils vs. have since raised their No. 6 level of play, notching Duke shutouts wins against Coastal Carolina and SUNDAY, 6 p.m. Koskinen Stadium then-No. 9 Minnesota

and tying then-No. 8 North Carolina. After starting the season ranked No. 2, Duke has its final chance to earn a statement nonconference win before starting a tough ACC slate next week. “They’re very talented, as talented as anybody we’ll see. They’re going to use their athleticism to try to get in behind you,” Blue Devil head coach Robbie Church said of West Virginia. “It’s the most explosive team we’ve seen both in the midfield and upfront, so it’s really going to be a test for our back and goalkeepers.” Luckily for Duke (4-1-1), junior goalkeeper E.J. Proctor carries a 331-minute shutout streak into the contest against the Mountaineers. On Sunday against the Golden Gophers, the Blue Devils forced Minnesota to settle for longdistance attempts, surrendering just two shots on goal. And even when the Golden Gophers— See W. SOCCER on Page 8

Carolyn Chang | The Chronicle Lizzy Raben and the Duke defense have not allowed a goal in 331 consecutive minutes of game action.

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FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2016 | 7

FIELD HOCKEY

Red-hot Duke squad set for ACC opener against UVA Ben Feder The Chronicle Tasked with jelling as a young team and playing stiff competition, Duke has rattled off three straight wins against top-20 opponents and climbed to No. 2 in the latest polls. But the gauntlet does not stop there. The Blue Devils will be put to the test once again this weekend with games against No. 11 Virginia Friday at 6 p.m. and James Madison Sunday at 1 p.m. at Jack Katz Stadium. Duke has held its last three No. 11 opponents—then-No. Virginia 13 Liberty, then-No. 6 vs. Maryland and then-No. No. 2 16 Northwestern—to only Duke three goals combined and will return home FRIDAY, 6 p.m. Jack Katz Stadium after a pair of victories in the Big Ten/ACC Cup in James Lancaster, Pa. Madison Sophomore goalkeeper vs. Sammi Steele and junior No. 2 defender Alyssa Chillano Duke have led the way defensively, SUNDAY, 1 p.m. with the former tallying 16 Jack Katz Stadium saves in her past two games after taking over between the pipes following AllAmerican Lauren Blazing’s graduation. “Having Sammi [Steele] back there gives us a little confidence to be able to step up and make plays higher up the field, which is then easier to transition to the offense,” Chillano said. Chillano was named ACC Co-Defensive Player of the Week after scoring two goals— including the game-winner in overtime— against the Wildcats, tying forward Heather

Morris for the team lead. Despite playing as a defender, the Phoenixville, Pa., native has come through when the Blue Devils (4-0) have needed her the most and leads the team with three game-winning goals already this year. “It’s pretty cool to say that I’ve had some game-winning goals, but it’s really a team effort. I wouldn’t be able to get those goals without the team getting a corner or the push off being on point,” Chillano said. Offensively, a pair of newcomers have been big contributors to Duke’s fast start this season. Graduate student Aisling Naughton and freshman Margaux Paolino—who have combined for 11 points—have teamed up with Morris to pace a Blue Devil offense that is averaging four goals per game. The duo had one of its strongest performances of the year Sunday against Northwestern, with a pair of assists and seven shot attempts. Duke might not have as many scoring chances Friday against a dangerous Virginia squad, though. Despite a sluggish offensive start to the season, the Cavaliers (2-2) will provide another stiff test for the Duke defense. Since putting up five goals against Miami (Ohio) in its season opener, Virginia has been shut out twice in its last three games but has controlled the pace of play during the last two, outshooting its opponents 4815. Where the Cavaliers need to improve is with their accuracy—so far this year they have only connected on 9.3 percent of their attempts, nearly 10 percent worse than their mark in 2015. Regardless of its offensive output, Virginia still has veteran goalkeeper Rebecca Holden in the crease. The senior leads the ACC with 22 saves early in the 2016 season and is allowing

Ian Jaffe | The Chronicle Junior Alexa Mackintire set up Duke’s only goal in its win against then-No. 6 Maryland last week.

fewer than two goals per contest. Holden also gave the Blue Devils trouble a season ago, surrendering just five goals in combination with Carrera Lucas in three contests between the two ACC rivals. “Every conference game is important, and every conference game is a battle,” Duke head coach Pam Bustin said. “For us to open up at home is exciting, and to do it against a quality team in UVA is even better.” After playing Friday night, the Blue Devils have a typical quick turnaround with a game against James Madison (3-1) Sunday. Despite being unranked to start the season, the Dukes managed to best Liberty in their season opener behind a strong performance from

goalkeeper Sara Kraeutler. Unlike the Cavaliers, James Madison has found the back of the net with better consistency to start the season. Five players have tallied at least four points this season, with sophomore Miranda Rigg and junior Hannah Hall leading the team with eight points apiece. “We’re getting more familiar with our roles and becoming more confident as a defensive unit and that’s a big part of it with some good goalkeeping, and that takes some of the pressure of the attacks,” Bustin said. “Hopefully, it clicks this weekend where there’s a good balance between our defensive strength and our attacking power.”

MEN’S SOCCER

Blue Devils eye another road upset at No. 25 BC Jack Dolgin The Chronicle In the middle of one of the toughest stretches on their schedule, the Blue Devils have an opportunity to follow an upset victory last weekend with another signature win. Duke will face its second consecutive ranked opponent in No. 25 Boston College at 6 p.m. Saturday at Newton Campus Field in Chestnut Hill, Mass. The Blue Devils enter the match on the heels of a last-second win against then-No. 9 UCLA last Friday and are looking to continue Duke the momentum as they vs. begin ACC play against No. 25 the Eagles. “[UCLA was] a huge BC win for us, but you can’t SATURDAY, 6 p.m. Newton Campus Field worry about that and you can’t rest your laurels on that one result,” Duke head coach John Kerr said. “We’ve got to get early wins in the ACC, and our first opportunity is against Boston College.” Despite relying on an underclassmenladen lineup, the Blue Devils (2-0-1) have shown few signs of youth through their first three games. Kerr’s team initially showed glimpses

Carolyn Chang | The Chronicle Sophomore Ciaran McKenna is one of several underclassmen Duke is counting on as it enters a challenging stretch of ACC games.

of its potential in the preseason, notching a 0-0 tie against then-No. 10 Georgetown and a 2-2 draw against then-No. 3 Clemson. After relying on a last-minute goal to tie San Diego in a double-overtime thriller in its seasonopener, Duke exploded for five goals against UNC-Asheville to capture the

John Rennie Nike Invitational. Last weekend against the Bruins, the Blue Devils once again displayed their ability to remain poised later in matches when junior midfielder Brian White knocked in a game-winning goal in the 88th minute. White and freshman midfielder

Suniel Veerakone have led Duke up front, combining for four goals and two assists. Three other other rookies—CC Uche, Max Moser and Colby Agu—have each played at least 49 minutes per game and given Kerr more options at each position. “Probably, if you’re honest to the overall group, [it’s] the most talented team I’ve coached here in my nine years,” Kerr said. “The competition for places, the depth we have this year is fantastic.” Another difference for this year’s team has been goalkeeper Robert Moewes, a graduate transfer from Binghamton. The Dortmund, Germany, native has allowed just two goals in three games and is averaging five saves per game—an improvement from last year’s squad that recorded 2.6 saves per game. But Moewes will face another test Saturday. Boston College (3-1) was ranked No. 11 last week but lost to a then-winless Villanova squad 2-1 at home. The Eagles return nine of 11 starters from last year’s team that reached the NCAA Elite Eight for the second time in program history. Senior transfer Maximilian SchulzeGeisthovel leads Boston College with a See M. SOCCER on Page 8

8 | FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2016

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VOLLEYBALL

Blue Devils head west looking to bounce back Peishu Li The Chronicle

Propelled by a mix of veterans and newcomers and a flash of tenacity, the Blue Devils had little trouble in critical moments of their first three matches. But the visiting Tar Heels and Horned Frogs turned the tables Harvard on Duke with two comeback victories vs. at Cameron Indoor Duke Stadium last weekend, meaning the Blue Devils FRIDAY, 2 p.m. will have to respond to Walter Pyramid stay better than .500 early in the year. Duke After a pair of losses to North Carolina vs. and TCU, head coach Long Beach St. Jolene Nagel’s team will look to rediscover FRIDAY, 10 p.m. its form in the LBSU/ Walter Pyramid CSF Baden Invitational with a trio of games Duke in California against Harvard, Long Beach vs. No. 25 State and No. 25 Loyola Marymount Friday LMU and Saturday. Last year, Duke opened its SATURDAY, 7 p.m. Gersten Pavilion regular season in the same tournament with a 2-1 record. This time around, Nagel expects it to be a learning experience as her team aims to rebound from its first two losses of the season. “We do have a lot of players from

Peishu Li | The Chronicle Kayla McCoy and Duke’s forwards will look to capitalize on offensive chances against an equally potent West Virginia side.

W. SOCCER from page 6 who entered the game averaging 3.2 goals per game—got a clear shot early in the contest against Proctor, the 2015 College Cup Most Outstanding Player on Defense came up with a clutch save to put Duke in position for its first win of the season against a ranked team. “Minnesota had a nice combination at the top of our box and the [Minnesota player] struck it well and E.J. moved her feet, got low and got down on it and just made a great save,” Church said. “That was a save that was

California, northern and southern,” Nagel said. “It’s also a great opportunity for us to play some teams that are outside of our region, which will help us get compared come NCAA tournament time. We are excited to be able to get out there and get our West Coast kids closer to home, but also to play some really good RPI teams that will look good on our resume come selection time.” In a rare nonconference match against No. 12 North Carolina last Thursday, the Blue Devils (3-2) jumped ahead early with a 1-0 lead, but the Tar Heels dominated the next three sets—with a programhigh 21 blocks—to secure a 3-1 decision. Although Duke appeared to be on its way to victory Friday when it had a match point in the third set against TCU, the Blue Devils failed to take advantage and fell 15-13 in a decisive fifth set. In the two matches, Duke had multiple options to finish at the net but was plagued by attack errors—making 56 in the two contests—and inconsistent serving. The Blue Devils are also working through the growing pains of having a young setter, with freshman Cindy Marina as the main player racking up assists. “We got back to really working on our serving, because that’s important for us to be able to serve aggressively, and we had quite a few service errors there on Friday night,” Nagel said. “We paired up against North Carolina with the best blocking team probably in the country right now and we are still trying to figure out our offense. That doesn’t concern me too much yet.”

Senior captain Jordan Tucker helped lead the way for Nagel’s squad with 14 kills in both contests and has been valuable with her constant coverage at the net. The six-foot middle blocker spearheaded an offensive trio alongside junior Anna Kropf and freshman outside hitter Jamie Stivers, who both recorded double-digit kills at least once last week. Although senior middle blocker Alyse Whitaker went down against the Tar Heels with a foot injury, Nagel welcomed back middle blocker Leah Meyer. The sophomore made a statement with 10 kills against North Carolina, followed by 15 against the Horned Frogs in her return from an ankle injury. Meyer is a big addition to a young and inexperienced Duke team that will travel across the country for three games in less than 48 hours. “We are still trying to get some young players back that came to Duke without even being able to full go yet,” Nagel said. “So I just think you are going to see a lot of development in the next few months. But we got to continue working on our offense and our ability to be strong offensively depends a lot on our ball control.” For the first time in program history, the Blue Devils will face the Crimson (11), with the teams scheduled to play Friday afternoon at 2 p.m. to kick off the weekend. As the 2015 Ivy League champion, Harvard will travel to California after knocking off Siena and falling to Georgia in last week’s Beantown Challenge. Later that night, Duke will seek

a real momentum changer.” Led by Proctor and senior co-captains Lizzy Raben and Christina Gibbons, the Duke defense will look to shut down the high-powered Mountaineer offense to hand West Virginia (5-0-1) its first loss of the season. The Mountaineers scored at least four goals in six of their final 10 games in 2015 en route to the quarterfinals of the NCAA tournament and have picked up where they left off led by All-Big 12 forwards Michaela Abram and Sh’Nia Gordon. The duo has combined for 25 career goals, and team with junior Heather Kaleiohi to form a dynamic trio that will test the Blue Devil back line. Kaleiohi leads the team with three goals in four games played this season. Like Duke, West Virginia has already faced some of the nation’s top teams, notching wins against No. 19 Ohio State and then-No. 10 Clemson. Against an equally explosive team, the Blue Devil offense will have to be more efficient with its shot attempts than it has been at times early in the season. It took Duke 39 shots to net its two goals against Coastal Carolina and despite dominating play against the Tar Heels and attempting 30 shots, the Blue Devils were unable to find the back of the net. Several Duke shots bounced off the crossbar and post, opportunities the Blue Devils will look to finish this weekend as they did Sunday, when Gibbons set up freshman midfielder Ella Stevens for a first-half score.

“Sometimes we’ve bailed some goalkeepers out by settling for some of the shots. Maybe [we can use] the extra pass or a harder run in the box,” Church said. “Against quality teams, you’re not going to score a lot of goals.” Following another top-10 battle, Duke’s depth could be important less than 48 hours later against High Point (3-2-1) in the Blue Devils’ nonconference finale. The Panthers finished with just five losses last year, but have so far struggled against power-five conference teams this season, falling to N.C. State and Kentucky last weekend.

M. SOCCER from page 7 goal in each of the team’s four games, despite not starting in any of them. Sophomore Simon Enstrom also has two goals after making the All-ACC freshman team last year, and freshman Callum Johnson has added three assists to start his career. The Blue Devils have a habit of scoring late—six of their seven goals this year have come in the second half. But Duke will need to adjust quickly Saturday night to the playing conditions, as the Eagles are one of the few teams that play on turf. The Blue Devils practiced Thursday on the turf fields next to Koskinen Stadium in preparation. “It’s something that’s not normal for us, so we have to get used to it,” Kerr said. “They’re always hard to beat up in Boston.”

Peishu Li | The Chronicle Anna Kropf and the Blue Devils came out hot Thursday and Friday but could not sustain their level of play.

revenge against Long Beach State (2-3) after a bitter five-set defeat last year. The 49ers have had a rough start to the season, losing two out of the three games at the Portland State Tournament two weeks ago. The Blue Devils’ first two games will take place at Long Beach State, with Duke’s second match of the year against a ranked opponent coming at Loyola Marymount (4-2) Saturday at 7 p.m. “Harvard is the Ivy League champion last year and Long Beach State has a strong program,” Nagel said. “It’s going to be great as far as helping us playing teams that are going to play other good teams the entire year.”

FOOTBALL from page 6 Saturday’s contest could come down to how well the duo can outsmart the Blue Devils’ two young linebackers—sophomore Ben Humphreys and redshirt freshman Joe Giles-Harris. Both players have already flashed star potential in the heart of Duke’s defense but will have to keep track of Serigne and key on Hinton in the running game during their first ACC starts. The Demon Deacons should also get returning starter Tyler Bell back to boost their ground attack after the sophomore running back missed the team’s opener with an injury. “I was told that we are the third youngest linebacking corps in the nation, but we don’t feel that way when we are out there,” Humphreys said. “Joe Giles-Harris and I play off of each other really well. We complement each other really well.” With road games against Northwestern and No. 18 Notre Dame looming, the Blue Devils know they cannot afford a slow start to ACC play this weekend. Hosting an instate rival is another factor that gives Duke a little bit of an edge. “We don’t necessarily like Wake Forest. We don’t want to lose to nobody, but it’s always something a little bit extra with Wake,” senior cornerback Breon Borders said. “We’ve dominated them since I’ve been here as a team and we plan on keeping it that way.” Hank Tucker contributed reporting.

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Emphasizing mathematics in the liberal arts

n light of an upcoming new curriculum, we revisit Duke’s emphasis on a liberal arts education. This curriculum aims to teach us diverse ways to analyze any question and, hopefully, use the answer to better our communities. It is a critical thinking degree. Such an education finds its roots in ancient Rome when the major “arts” included music, astronomy, geometry and arithmetic. In recognizing this, we notice the missing mathematics requirement in our liberal arts curriculum and encourage the implementation of the requirement by weighing its benefits and drawbacks. The main argument against a curriculum change in this direction is simple: there is no need require students to undertake more work, especially work that may not be applicable for them to thrive in their future jobs. Further, Trinity students already have quantitative studies requirements. However, the justification for a liberal arts education transcends simply gaining factual knowledge to be applied to our future jobs or to be able to do in-depth quantitative analysis. Each of the liberal arts provides a different framework to be applied to problem solving and to gain a new way of considering a particular question. In the same way that logical reasoning skills and not specific passages from Plato are valuable for any future careers, mathematics

classes inherently help with the development of similar indispensable skills. Each of these classes provides us with a new lens with which to view the world. Taking all this into account, we do acknowledge that many students struggle with mathematics. The disparities among students from diverse high school backgrounds contribute to many students struggling in a variety of introductory courses at Duke. However, because mathematical knowledge is cumulative in nature, it often presents a greater obstacle for students

Editorial who may have lacked strong instruction before coming to Duke. Because many courses in mathematics at Duke require a solid foundation and given the diverse academic backgrounds on campus, it may be difficult to create an accessible mathematics requirement that all students can reasonably complete. With that being said, we posit that a mathematics requirement would be worthwhile enough to tackle the barriers in accessibility for students on campus. The chemistry and writing departments provide strong models that the mathematics department could

onlinecomment “The [gun] laws are strong enough. Every criminal who commits a crime with a firearm could be charged with acquisition (10 years), possession (10 years) and commission (10 years). That’s 30 years that cannot be served concurrently. They must be served consecutively and they must be added to a sentence for the crime itself.” — “tom2” replying to “The problem of forgetting” by David Wohlever Sanchez, published September 7, 2016

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emulate. Both departments offer remedial courses, sometimes during summer sessions. Furthermore, strengthening the Academic Resource Center resources could provide support for students struggling in any required mathematics course. Creating a more robust pass/fail system would encourage students to challenge themselves in their undertaking of this requirement with no fear of repercussions. Also, the mathematics department could initiate a wide array of courses, including logic courses, to cater to student interests. There is often the misconception that mathematics is limited to calculus-based courses, but even a cursory glance at Duke’s course offerings shows that this is not the case. Duke’s liberal arts degree pushes students to “make meaning of complex information, evaluate and discern among competing claims, collaborate as well as compete, engage difference [and] apply knowledge in the service of society.” In line with this mission, a mathematics requirement could open new doors for students. We encourage students to reflect on courses they have taken to fulfill requirements or balance difficult course loads. These courses have probably surprised you. Allow mathematics to expose you to new ways of thinking. Take a chance with the department and it may similarly surprise you.

Letter to the editor

o the editor: After reading the article “Doomed to fail: Food trucks struggle in new locations,” I was happy to finally see some genuine feedback from Duke administrators. Dr. Larry Moneta said, “Our priority will always be to support our on campus partners with food trucks and Merchants-on-Points as supplemental options for later evening dining.” Thank you for your honesty! With that said, his comment above made me wonder: how does Duke Dining justify the same percentage commission that food trucks and MOPs pay as on campus vendors, when they not only favor them, but they cover a large part of their cost, while our commission

failure, to the students’ detriment? Food trucks are all legitimate, small local businesses that operate just like any restaurant: we have professional kitchens for preparation. We get inspected by the Health Department on the same criteria as restaurants. We pay our taxes. And we create jobs. In fact, all our employees coming to campus must pass Duke’s background check just like any other Duke employee. Then why is Duke Dining not treating us as professionals, when in fact, students love us? The food truck is my passion. It is my life. I am not an expendable commodity and I am certainly not a guinea pig that can be used to create and test a new market, so that others

Ji-Myung Kim LETTER TO THE EDITOR covers none of ours? Oh…I almost forgot… they favor them. If things don’t work out, food trucks will leave. What’s the damage for Duke Dining? Nothing. Students still have to eat, so they will simply go to West Union that still pays the same commission. What does it mean for students? They have less food options to choose from. I admit West Union is a gorgeous building with great food options. Duke certainly has come a long way since my days: I probably ate less than 10 times at Great Hall (former West Union) during my four years in undergraduate. After all, Duke is now voted number one for college food. For that my hat is off to Duke Dining. With all the great success, why does Duke Dining feel the need to set food trucks up for

can rip the fruit of our hard work. As a double Dukie, Duke holds a special place in my heart. One of the biggest reasons I’m so fond of Duke is the team and community spirit that the university teaches and the students uphold. Unfortunately, I have learned through this experience that Duke doesn’t necessarily practice what it preaches. And it really hurts... I do not know what the future holds for the food truck program on Duke’s campus. I just hope Duke Dining makes the right decision for students as well as for its community. Sincerely, Ji-Myung Kim, Trinity ’04 Fuqua ‘12 Owner, Mixed Korean Truck/Mixed Korean Bistro

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A microbial détente

ntimicrobial products have a ubiquitous presence in American life. Chlorox wipes are available for your cart when you enter the grocery store. Tiny bottles of Purell are attached to key chains and tucked inside backpacks and purses, held tightly as talismans against the scourges of disease and illness. However, for years infectious disease experts have been warning that antimicrobial soaps have only served to exacerbate antibiotic resistance without inferring individual benefit. This week the FDA announced a plan to phase out the use of 19 antimicrobial chemicals

beneficial strains. Bacteria in the gut are responsible for producing vitamin K—a critical component for clotting. Babies receive a vitamin K shot at birth because their gut has not yet accumulated these helpful peers and thus are at increased risk of bleeding. Similarly, one of the most dreaded and serious complications of antibiotic treatment is c. difficile colitis (inflammation and infection of the colon). This disease is not caused by an organism that is inherently dangerous, but by the disruption of balance between bacterium. C. difficile typically lives peacefully within the guts of humans. It is only when other

Chasing the light

f you ever need evidence that the world can be cruel, I suggest you go looking for a street light. Look for the yellow, bulbous ones that buzz slightly and hardly illuminate anything except a narrow stretch of asphalt. Once you find it, look for the small swarm of insects flying in endless circles around that light. Remember them. They will stay there for hours on end, beating against the glass until the sun comes up or they lose the strength to fly. It is a small tragedy, I think, that something like a moth, whose

Lauren Groskaufmanis

Ian Burgess

THE PICTURE OF HEALTH

FROM THE MOUNTAINTOP

in soaps. This ruling represents a move towards improved antibiotic stewardship, and also reflects a more nuanced understanding about the role of bacteria in health and disease. The adoption of the “Germ Theory” of disease was a major turning point in the development of medicine. Prior to advances in microbiology and epidemiology, a theory of “miasmas” predominated—the idea that disease was spread by a poisonous vapor or mist. A greater understanding of the causality of microbes in disease lead to great advances in care. For example, Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian Obstetrician in the mid-1800s, realized that a great number of women were catching infections during childbirth after being examined by doctors who had just come from autopsy—without stopping to first wash hands. The use of antiseptic handwashing reduced maternal mortality significantly. In the 1870s, Joseph Lister introduced the practice of using carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and wounds, greatly reducing post-surgical morbidity and mortality. As any student who has scrubbed into an operation can attest, a commitment to sterility and aseptic technique is a critical component of modern surgery. The subsequent development antibiotic medications allowed for the treatment of previously invariably fatal diseases. The consensus seemed clear: microbes brought disease, and thus killing them became a matter of sanitation and health. However, our keychain bottles of Purell are a far cry from the Hungarian obstetrics wards and Scottish surgical theaters of the 1800s. Our understanding of microbes and our relation to them are shifting. The advent of PCR and other DNA technologies allowed us to more thoroughly explore the flora of our gut. These studies have revealed a vast complexity that we could not have imagined before when merely looking at growth under a microscope. A multifaceted ecosystem of microbes lives and functions within our gut, largely in peace and largely for our benefit. Cutting edge research is exploring the role of this diverse cacophony of species on everything from mental health to obesity. Health, it seems, is not achieved via that eradication of microbes, but by the selective cultivation of a mixture of

organisms have been preferentially killed that a roaring overgrowth of c.difficile is possible, leading to disease. It also appears that our obsession with irradiating microbes and fixation on cleanliness is altering the way children’s developing immune systems interact with the environment. When compared to their peers living a more typical American childhood, Amish children were significantly less likely to suffer from allergies or asthma. Similarly, children raised in homes where dishes are hand washed have fewer allergies. It seems that exposure to sufficient quantities of bacteria is an important component of proper immune system development. Our fondness for killing bacteria and the laxity in which we employ antimicrobial agents has lead, through evolutionary selection, to bacteria that are ever more resistant to our antibiotic medications. Increasingly frequent case reports detail microbes resistant to the most powerful antibacterial agents. Of course, it is not just germaphobes and their devotion to Lysol that are to blame—doctors frequently prescribe antibiotics inappropriately, and the meat industry uses 15-17 million pounds of antibiotics a year for the promotion of growth. However, the unnecessary use of antimicrobials in everyday products, such as soap, exacerbates this problem. Like many facets of medicine, deeper understanding has led to a more confusing and nuanced picture of our microbial neighbors. Bacteria are still the cause of many serious and terrible infections. There are, in fact, dangerous and deadly bacteria. But, what is certain is that for the average person with a functional immune system, the use of antimicrobial soaps is entirely superfluous. The use of antimicrobial agents in soaps only exacerbates the rise of resistant organisms; the added benefit of antimicrobial agents is psychological and not biological. The FDA’s action represents a good first step in improved antibiotic stewardship and hopefully signals a societal shift in the relationship between humans and microbes. Lauren Groskaufmanis is a graduate student in the school of medicine. Her column, “The Picture of Health,” runs on alternate Fridays.

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lifespan is far shorter than my own, should waste even an hour chasing a light it will never reach. As you know, job hunting season has returned to Duke, with vigor. Ties are being tied, adjusted and tied again. Smiles are being practiced and tweaked to look natural. Pens are flurrying across papers, recording names and emails, and clicking nervously in a thousand pockets. It’s all part of that great collegiate endeavor to secure the internship that just might be the springboard into a stable career. This isn’t specific to first semester; it happens all year round to some degree. However, this is the perfect time to examine the brand of “success” that the job hunting season espouses, while our workloads are still light and we have the cognitive space to think about greater things than midterms and naps. I make the assumption that every Duke student is here because they ultimately want to be happy, fulfilled, or whatever word they choose, and they believe that finding the right career will contribute to that. Duke provides the resources and education that can get us to that career, and by extension, to happiness. Given this, there is something about the Collegeto-Career pipeline that disturbs me—an undercurrent of panic and desperation flowing below the shimmering surface. Take consulting, for example. I have many friends who plan to do consulting work at some point, and several who intend to apply to firms this year. It’s difficult not to know someone who is involved. There are so many students going to interest meetings and preparing for case interviews that they seem to have developed their own collective gravity, drawing others to their ranks through popularity alone. Though no one explicitly says it, the culture implies that this is something competitive students do. Despite the time commitment, the extensive preparation and added stress, many students will participate because they think it’s necessary to succeed; a key first step on the stairway to happiness. It’s the same peer pressure they warned us about in high school, but the drug is affirmation instead of cigarettes. I worry for those students who stop pursuing their passions and start chasing resume-builders. The reason is simple opportunity cost. Considering the amount of money we pay to attend

a university like Duke and the brief four years we have here, every day is important. Yet, there are students spending precious time participating something that isn’t very precious to them. They could invest that time in their friendships, in the things they enjoy or in the activities that fit their interests and will grow them as a person. They are chasing success while neglecting the things that will actually make them happy. I will tell them what I wish I could tell the moth: you are going to die. It is so important that you

understand this fact, that I’ll repeat it. You are going to die. Unlike the moth, which will live out its life in blissful ignorance, humans are cursed with introspection. There will come a day when you will look back at the end of your life and question why you spent your time as you did. You will scrutinize your life more thoroughly in your last days than you ever could when you still had time left. Do you really want to saddle yourself with the regret of knowing that even one hour was spent doing something just because other people were doing it? I urge you to kill that habit now. Leave it behind you, in that box with the shoes you bought for that interview you never would have gone to had all your friends not been doing the same thing. Recognize that you are not defined by other people’s opinion of you, but by your opinion of yourself. It is literally life-threatening to believe otherwise, because then you will know nothing of yourself, except what others tell you. This type of thinking is the reason we fear interviews and other people’s assessments of us, because we don’t assess ourselves independently. We choose to be ignorant of what others think of us, rather than face the possibility of a flaw being uncovered and exposed. It is unhappy living life in fear ful uncertainty. We fret so greatly over the image we present to other people that we will do anything to “keep up” with others’ measurements of success and progress. We will talk to that consulting scout we didn’t want to talk to. We will apply for the internships everyone else wants because, well, everyone wants them. We conform. We acquiesce. We disappear. But what if we spent our time investing in ourselves, not only in our resumes? Ask yourself who you want to be, not what you want to be. What changes do you want to see in yourself over the next several years, or even in this one? Would you like to be a better friend? Would you like to be a better student? Spend more of your time building up these things in yourself and less thinking about how you can keep up with others around you. Spend less time thinking about success, and you will find happiness waiting for you. Ian Burgess is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “from the mountaintop,” runs on alternate Fridays.

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