September 7, 2016

Scouting Wake Forest

Hurricane Fran, 20 years later

The Demon Deacons are hungry for a road upset Saturday | Sports Page 7

The Chronicle dug through the archives for Fran’s 20th anniversary | Page 4

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‘Doomed to fail’: Food trucks struggle in new locations Adam Beyer, Neelesh Moorthy and Samantha Neal The Chronicle Several food truck owners serving Duke’s campus have complained that their new locations have drastically hurt their profitability. In preparation of West Union reopening in August, food truck owners were notified in July that there would be changes to their assigned locations, which had previously been on Chapel Drive, but did not receive a final schedule until mid-August. Several truck owners, including those from ParlezVous Crêpe, The Humble Pig and Mixed Korean Bistro noted that they were unable to access an assigned location in the Kilgo parking lot and were misinformed about potential demand near the new assignment on Swift Avenue. The food truck owners said that they requested a joint meeting with dining administrators, which was denied. Instead, each truck was granted an individual meeting. Jody Argote, Parlez-Vous Crêpe’s owner, said her truck was sent an initial schedule in August that included 15 minutes for her truck to pack up and move between Swift and Kilgo. After responding that this was impossible, she was sent a new schedule with times on both Wednesdays and Thursdays, prompting her to cancel prior engagements on Thursdays. She was later sent a third schedule Aug. 24. Argote attempted to access the Kilgo lot on Wednesday, but found it inaccessible because she pulls a trailer and other vehicles blocked the site. “We live an hour away,” Argote said.

Austin Peer | The Chronicle Food trucks have been relocated from their previous spots on Chapel Drive to the Kilgo parking lot and Swift Avenue.

“We had trailer full of food that had to turn around and throw out. That was not only a loss of sales but also a loss of our food costs.” Director of Dining Services Robert Coffey wrote in an email that Duke Dining met with each food truck operator before the Fall semester to review the locations and times. He noted that the food trucks had suggestions to the calendar rotation schedule and that Duke Dining listened and made the changes requested by each truck. He and parking enforcement officers have been on site in the evenings to ensure

that the trucks can park in their designated areas, he said. ‘Bait and switch’ Ross McCarthy, co-owner of The Humble Pig with his wife Jessica, wrote in an email that they understood Duke’s desire to capitalize on their West Union investment. Because of that, he asked Duke Dining if they should prepare to lose their contracts and gear for a “professional exit,” but Duke assured him that they could continue to operate. McCarthy noted that conversations with Duke Dining have been fragmented, what

he called a “bait and switch.” Now, the truck is under contract to operate in an area—Swift Avenue and Kilgo Quadrangle on Wednesdays and Sundays—with too little demand. “Duke Dining reassured our presence on campus, and then changed our service locations and schedule in the last moment,” he wrote. “They even changed our point of contacts, breaking any continuity to our conversations. They misled my company into booking services that are producing no revenue. They are asking us to operate at a loss, while they still collect 17.2% on all sales. They have set up a system under terms they know are unsustainable.” Larry Moneta, vice president for student affairs, wrote in an email he was “certain” food trucks were given notice Duke would be returning to the “previous and long-standing schedules” from before the West Union initially closed. However, McCarthy wrote that, had he known this was going to happen, he would not have passed on the former business he ran to come to Duke on Tuesday evenings, adding he was concerned about paying the staff he employs. When asked whether Chapel Drive was being shut down for parking, Vice President for Administration Kyle Cavanaugh explained in an email that there are discussions about limiting access “for a combination of safety reasons.” Under the most recent schedule, Argote said her truck is scheduled to be at Swift on first and third Wednesdays of each month and at Kilgo second and fourth Wednesdays. She said this will likely be confusing to students and detrimental to business. The schedule is also at odds with what was See FOOD TRUCKS on Page 5

Admins hope construction will unite campus services Bre Bradham The Chronicle With three construction projects on campus wrapping up in the coming year, students will gain access to an array of new resources and creative facilities. The Student Health and Wellness Center is projected to open in January 2017, the Science Drive Parking Garage the same month and the Arts Center by October 2017. Sue Wasiolek, associate vice president for student affairs, said students currently frustrated about construction now will soon have access to its benefits. “At least two of those projects, the Arts Building and the Health and Wellness Building, will have a very direct impact

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on students, students’ lives and student services,” she said. “I think that everyone understands that with progress it is not unusual to have a level of inconvenience that goes along with it.” Wasiolek noted that student resources will be better integrated with the completion of the Student Health and Wellness Building because a variety of related resources—from Counseling and Psychological Services to a pharmacy—will be consolidated. She added that this intended to simplify how students pursue healthcare and encourage a more proactive approach to wellness. To provide a holistic wellness experience, Student Affairs will also include a garden in the back of the building, Wasiolek said. This will be completed by February 2017.

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Han Kang | The Chronicle The new Student Health and Wellness Center is scheduled to open in January 2017 and will feature a garden in the back of the building.

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JoyRun app aims to improve Uni. begins to implement bias and hate issue recommendations delivery for Duke students Katelyn Vlastaris The Chronicle A college student’s two favorite things— social media and eating—are being brought together in the delivery service app JoyRun, launched at Duke this semester. The app is a campus-wide group chat that allows users to find another student heading to their favorite restaurant or to let people know that they are available to pick up orders. A user can receive food by “requesting a run” to a particular restaurant, and other students can respond to the call and retrieve the meal. “I think this has the potential to be national, across all college campuses,” JoyRun founder Manish Rathi said. JoyRun allows students who use the app to deliver food themselves. For example, you might post that you are making a Starbucks run and pick up coffee orders for other students while you are there. The more people who order, the more money a runner can make. Similar to Uber, all payment exchanges

occur through the app. Users ordering from a run pay a small delivery fee, which is then transferred into the account balance of the person making that run. “What makes this app unique is how cheap it is for people,” sophomore Philippe Heitzmann, head of marketing for JoyRun at Duke, said. The delivery fee is set by the student making the run, and is required to be between zero and five dollars, which Heitzmann said is significantly less expensive than apps such as UberEATS, which is not available in Durham, or Postmates, another delivery app. JoyRun allows students to order delivery for anything they might need, like groceries or household items. As the app grows at Duke, Heitzmann said that students should expect campus-wide promotions in the coming months. The app has had great success across other campuses since its founding last December. The JoyRun representatives said the app typically reaches 20 to 30 percent See JOYRUN on Page 4

Chronicle File Photo The app is now being used on college campuses across the nation, allowing students to ask others to pick up food for them.

Staff Reports The Chronicle President Richard Brodhead announced Tuesday the structure of a steering committee that will implement suggestions from last year’s report from the Task Force on Bias and Hate Issues. The steering committee will be chaired by Larry Moneta, vice president for student affairs, and will study the task force’s recommendations and begin putting them into practice. Brodhead’s email noted that one such recommendation has already had an effect on Duke policy. A new clause in the University’s student conduct policy this year states that violations motivated by “race, color, religion, national origin, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity, sex, genetic information or age” will be aggravating factors leading to stricter punishments.

“After considering the recommendations over the summer, we are now putting them into practice—including making changes to the student conduct policy and procedures, strengthening student support services and facilitating transparent communication,” Brodhead wrote in the email. Also included in the steering committee are Ben Reese, vice president for institutional equity, Emily Klein, professor of earth sciences, as well as Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations. “We are implementing the recommendations of the task force report,” Moneta said in the release. “Some of this builds on work we’ve done over the past three years. The aggravating factor clause, we were able to do quickly; other actions are going to be ongoing.” In the release, Reese indicated the committee hoped to preserve intellectual on-campus debate, but that there is a difference between opposing ideas and See BIAS AND HATE on Page 4

Chronicle File Photo President Richard Brodhead and Provost Sally Kornbluth updated the Duke community on the implementation of the recommendations made by the Task Force on Bias and Hate Issues.

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Duke accused of using fraudulent data to receive funding Vir Patel The Chronicle In a lawsuit brought under the False Claims Act, a former Duke employee claims that Duke faculty and administrators ignored and hid allegations of scientific misconduct, allegedly resulting in $200 million of funding based on fraudulent data. Under the “qui tam” provision of the False Claims Act, a private citizen, also known as a whistleblower, can file actions on behalf of the federal government to recover federal funds provided due to fraudulent information. The FCA could hold Duke liable for up to three times the amount of the government’s damages, in addition to other civil penalties. Duke University, Duke University Health System, former professor of medicine William Foster and former clinical research coordinator Erin Potts-Kant are the defendants named in the case. In March 2013, Potts-Kant was arrested on charges of embezzling more than $14,000 from Duke. Joseph Thomas, the whistleblower in the case against Duke, began working in the pulmonary division in 2012 where PottsKant and Foster worked. Thomas claims that the fraudulent research data PottsKant produced was knowingly used in writing research grants to the National Institutes of Health, Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Health and Human Services. According to the lawsuit, the fabricated data led to over $80 million in grant funding for Duke University and were used as the basis for grant applications

by researchers not affiliated with Duke totaling over $120 million. Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, denied that Duke was negligent in its actions in an email statement to The Chronicle last week. He wrote instead that Duke immediately began a proper investigation and reported the misconduct to the proper authorities. Blowing the whistle The lawsuit filed by Thomas in November 2015 was originally under seal and thus not available in the public record. The documents were unsealed Aug. 8, showing the lawsuit against Duke and several employees, as first reported by Retraction Watch. During the interim, the U.S. government reviewed the lawsuit and decided whether they wanted to intervene, explained Shelley Slade, an attorney specializing in False Claims Act litigation at Vogel, Slade and Goldstein, LLP. The government decided not to take on the case. Slade noted that only approximately 20 percent of False Claims Act submissions are taken over by the government from the whistleblower and that cases handled by the government tend to be successful 80 to 90 percent of the time. “The False Claims act applies to ‘reckless’ conduct,” wrote Reena Dutta, an attorney at Hodgson Russ LLP who helped represent an FCA case against Columbia University, in an email. “In other words, if university officials acted ‘in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information’ (quoting from the statute), they could be liable for

false claims. So, for example, evidence showing that university officials were aware of the fraudulent research and failed to make the required corrective disclosures or continued relying upon the fraudulent research after they learned it was fraudulent may be enough for liability.” The lawsuit includes five formal counts against the defendants. As a whole, the counts accuse the defendants of knowingly submitting false information to obtain grants totaling over $80 million and misleading grant agencies in their documentation. The fraudulent data, the plaintiff contents, also were used as the basis in obtaining over $120 million dollars in grant funding outside of Duke, something which damaged the integrity of the grant award system. Slade added that the only sanctions or penalty incurred as direct result of the case would be in the form of financial reparations triple the amount of funds allegedly incurred plus legal fees. Dutta explained that the legal proceedings for this lawsuit could be lengthy given the magnitude of the allegations. “False Claims Act cases are, by their nature, very complex,” she wrote. “When so much money is involved, both parties are going to litigate the case zealously, which will make it a more protracted endeavor. Moreover, the case can’t settle without the government’s written consent, and the government may not be agreeable to a settlement without an admission of wrongdoing by the Defendant, which the Defendant may be unwilling to provide, again dragging out the litigation.”

Courtesy of Duke Photography The lawsuit states that Duke used improper data to receive grants.

Early warning signs According to the lawsuit, Potts-Kant was hired by the University in 2005 and worked in the lab of William Foster, who is now retired, according to Retraction Watch. The lawsuit states that between 2005 and Potts-Kant’s employment termination in 2013, she co-authored 38 publications with Foster, something the plaintiff contends was “unusual in light of her relative youth and inexperience.” Thomas also alleges that Foster and other investigators within the pulmonary division received several warnings during Potts-Kant’s time at Duke. Most notable among these were from Dr. Jerry Eu, a primary investigator within the pulmonary division at that time and now program director of the NIH’s lung immunology and fibrosis division. In October of 2011, the HHS issued a notice that had found a postdoctoral See FRAUDULENT on Page 4

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Rock you like a hurricane: Memories of Hurricane Fran It has been 20 years since Hurricane Fran hit North Carolina, but many North Carolinians still have strong memories of it. In early September 1996, the storm peaked at Category 3 intensity—with winds of approximately 120 miles per hour— shortly before striking the state’s coast. Fran caused 21 deaths in North Carolina and massive damage, particularly in the Triangle area. Estimates suggest that North Carolina suffered $3.4 billion in damages, not including losses to agriculture. Duke’s campus itself experienced damage from falling trees and heavy rains during the storm. Photographs from The Chronicle’s archives show trees downed across campus. The City of Durham declared a curfew before the brunt of the storm Thursday evening, which the University enforced, although a number of students decided to ignore the warning. Danielle Turnipseed, a resident advisor in the Randolph dormitory at the time, said in a 1996 article in The Chronicle that there were about 100 students from the Blackwell dormitory outside playing touch football during the storm. The Gilbert-Addoms dormitory experienced some flooding that required students to leave, though students told The Chronicle that they were coping with the storm. “It’s all right, it was an adventure,” then freshman Jacquelyn Labowskie from GilbertAddoms dormitory said in the Sep. 9, 1996 issue. “We had a slumber party across the hall; it was no big deal.” The ceiling of one room in Windsor

Dormitory collapsed after what the resident described as a “waterfall.” Thankfully, the residents had left before the cave-in. Some cars on campus suffered damage from falling trees as well. The Chronicle reported at the time that damage to Durham was much worse and longer-lasting. Many residents were without power for several days, and some experienced major home damage due to fallen trees. “Durham is pretty much a wreck. Employees had their houses destroyed, their cars destroyed and lost power,” David Majestic, the director of transportation services at the time, said in a Sep. 9 Chronicle article. Duke bus service did not resume until four days after the storm. Students and faculty at the Duke Marine Lab evacuated the island, with many sheltering in Durham. Dean of Students Sue Wasiolek said she recalls deciding to spend the night in the police station so she could be ready to help the next day—which she described as “surreal.” When Wasiolek made her way to West Campus in the morning, she said she remembers encountering a man with a leaf blower surrounded by fallen trees. “It looked like someone using a bow and arrow against an entire militia,” she said. Current sophomore Frances Beroset, The Chronicle’s university news department head who is from Chapel Hill, said that she was named after Hurricane Fran. Vice President for Administration Kyle Cavanaugh noted that the University now has regular contact with the National Weather Service and has software used by professional sports teams to monitor for severe weather. “At this point in time, the advanced notice and monitoring are constant and vigilant,” Cavanaugh said.

BIAS AND HATE from page 2

CONSTRUCTION from page 1

“offensive speech that targets particular groups or individuals.” Assisting the committee will be an advisory committee of faculty, staff and students plus four working groups. These groups will focus on specific issues, the release said, including how to collect data on bias and hate incidents, how to improve communication, how to reduce bias in the curriculum and developing campus-wide policy. “We encourage you to learn more and participate in this conversation so that we can move together toward creating the University we all want,” Brodhead wrote in the email.

Students said they hope the new facility will be more convenient. “The only time I ever went to Student Health was when I had a cold, and that was really difficult to find,” said sophomore Maddie Nelson. “So if it is all in one place, that will be better.” Similarly, the Arts Center will provide a centralized hub for the arts community once completed, said Scott Lindroth, vice provost of the arts. Following the closure of parts of Campus Drive during the summer, construction of the new arts building has ramped up in recent months. Lindroth said he hopes the building will positively impact the artistic life on campus next year. “This is really meant to be open to all students on campus, regardless of their commitment to the arts. There will be plenty of social spaces,” he said. “There will be wonderful venues to witness the arts, either in the black box theater or the film theater.” The new building will include drawing and dance studios, a coffee shop with a stage for use by student groups and many other resources for creating and appreciating the arts. The facility is expected to begin hosting non-curricular activities in Fall 2017, but the official opening for classes will not occur until January 2018, Lindroth explained. Initially expected to be completed by August 2017, the project was pushed back due to weather. “The winter weather pushed the project back a few months,” wrote Ray Walker, staff architect and project manager, in an email. Recent work on the building has included steel being erected, while panels are in the process of being installed, Walker noted. The next step for the Arts Building is having a curtain wall installed. Lindroth explained that art departments

Adam Beyer The Chronicle

JOYRUN from page 2 of the student body within months of its launch and has been downloaded by over 10,000 users nationally. JoyRun is now being used at eight universities, including Duke, Cornell and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Adam Ibrahim, campus marketing director at California Polytechnic State University, said that the app is already a household name there. “When people talk about delivery, the first thing that comes to mind is JoyRun. It’s been ultra-successful,” Ibrahim said. Since JoyRun does not run on a oneto-one business model, but instead looks to students to rely on each other, it caters more specifically to college campuses, Ibrahim said. One of the most popular ways JoyRun is used at Cal Poly is for latenight snacking. “We are not just a food service,” Rathi said. “We are a platform that is enabling people to form a community and help each other.”

Chronicle File Photo Hurricane Fran brought severe winds to Duke’s campus and caused $3.4 billion in damages to the state of North Carolina.

Chronicle File Photo During Hurricane Fran, Duke buses did not run for four days.

Chronicle File Photo The heavy rain and wind caused trees to fall across Duke’s campus.

will capitalize on their new space by expanding the artistic opportunities offered under DukeCreate, which launched in 2015. The program offers workshops in various areas of the arts during the academic year and will include a “visiting artist-inresidence” program. “We will work closely with the Nasher and Duke Performances, our two major presenting organizations, and develop residency programs that will bring artists to campus for longer periods of time,” Lindroth said. Having artists in residence visit three to four times a year will facilitate their incorporation into the curriculum, Lindroth noted. Across West Campus on Science Drive, a new parking garage looks to add 2,265 new spots for students, faculty, staff and event-goers, noted Steve Carrow, a project manager with Duke Facilities Management. The facility is set to open in January 2017 and will do more than just house cars, Carrow added. “The plaza area between Science Drive and the deck entrance is set up to be used for tailgates,” he wrote in an email. The new structure will also house the Parking and Transportation Office. Recent progress on this project resulted in the reopening of Science Drive and two new bus stops in August. The next step for the project is completion of landscaping, paint striping and adding a turn lane to North Carolina Highway 751. Carrow noted that the goal of the project is to remedy a lack of parking on West Campus. Wasiolek noted that the inconvenience of construction is nearing its payoff—the development of a more synergistic approach to student services and experiences. “My sense is that students are very pleased with the fact that a number of major projects have been completed— the library, Chapel, West Union, the Main Quad and landscaping,” Wasiolek said. “In talking with students, I think that they would be happy to have all the construction done.”

FRAUDULENT from page 3 scholar under Eu had engaged in the falsification of data for grant funding. The lawsuit alleges that around 2010 to 2011, Eu alerted Foster and another primary investigator, Dr. John Hollingsworth, who is listed as an adjunct associate professor in the department of medicine, that he also suspected PottsKant of fabricating data. An investigation begins In the timeline presented by the lawsuit, Duke University placed PottsKant on leave in early March of 2013 for embezzlement charges and soon began a review of the Foster Lab data that had been reported in grant applications, reports and publications.” By this time, Thomas said in his testimony, Duke was fully aware of the allegations of research misconduct. The documentation of the lawsuit further claims that Foster was given a leadership role in the review committee, a finding that Thomas presents in his suit as a conflict of interest. The review led to corrections and retractions of previous research. According to Thomas’s testimony, however, the review team significantly delayed this process. Furthermore, Thomas claims that Duke’s Office of Research Administration pushed the authors into correcting their publications rather than entirely retracting them. “On or about May 7, 2013, Duke’s Office of Research Administration told the pulmonary division that if the trends reported in the publications held up that no retraction would have to be issued and that the Office of Research Administration did not want the issue to ‘snowball.’” This article has been condensed for print. The full version can be found online.

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FOOD TRUCKS from page 1 specified on the amended contract she signed, she said. ‘Their own market’ Brian Taylor—current chair of DUSDAC, Trinity ‘16 and a current master’s student in the Nicholas School of the Environment—said that the new location for the food trucks was determined by parking availability and potential for demand. In addition, moving the trucks away from the West Union allowed them to capture their own market. “By putting them somewhere where there’s not already a vendor, they get their own market rather than have to compete with 13 new restaurants that just opened up,” he said in a prior interview with The Chronicle. Food truck owners had a different take. Several explained that the Swift Avenue location was also a point of misinformation on the part of administrators, who apparently claimed 600 students lived near there. Mixed Korean Bistro owner Ji-Myung Kim—Trinity ‘04 and Fuqua ‘12—wrote in a letter to The Chronicle that there were not nearly that many students. Rick Johnson, associate vice president of student affairs for Housing, Dining and Residence life, wrote in an email that food truck vendors “were never promised 600 students.” He noted that the actual number of students living in near Swift is about 80, but there are about 600 potential customers in the Swift area including 300 Swift and 301 Swift apartments as well as other apartments next door. Although he noted he was not familiar with specific promises made by Duke Dining, Moneta wrote that it is up to students at the end of the day whether to use a food truck or not. “There is a reality that has to be acknowledged. West Union is back open and with 13 restaurants of incredible diversity and quality,” he wrote. “Our priority will always be to support our on campus partners with food trucks and Merchants-on-Points as supplemental options for later evening dining. I recognize that in this transition back to the model historically deployed, some of the food trucks will not find the same level of business. That’s unfortunate, and we hope that those who partner with us will do well enough to sustain their presence.” Getting out of a contract requires one month’s written notice, Argote explained. Hence, she explained, she has four more weeks of low sales figures if she does attempt to leave. Gus Megaloudis, the owner of Gussy’s food truck, noted he got the finalized schedule about a week before school started. Argote said that she hopes to find a way to make serving Duke work, but that the truck is currently locked into an unsustainable arrangement. “In my opinion, it’s kind of a set-up that we are doomed to fail,” Argote said. “I would much prefer to just be told, ‘you know we’ve got this West Union, we put a lot of money into it, we don’t want competition from the food trucks, sorry’ instead of having us sign these contracts, giving up nights where we could be making sales elsewhere.’’ Megaloudis also explained that food trucks typically book venues several months in advance, so he has not been pursuing outside opportunities with the expectation that working at Duke would continue to be profitable. As to why they wish to renew contracts, Kim noted that Duke gave them a “take it or leave it” option and “started contracted trucks on the waiting list.” François Kerckhof, owner of Belgian Waffle Crafters, explained that his truck has yet to receive the new contract but was strongly encouraged to go along with the new locations if he wanted to continue serving at Duke—formerly his best location. Megaloudis also noted a new contract has not been officially signed, but that food trucks are scheduled far in advance so he has not been pursuing other opportunities. This means he has to either serve at Duke or not have a place to serve at all, he said. “They all have year-long contracts, so unless one of them were to decide to leave we have no plans, no intentions of removing any of them,” Taylor said. “We’d like to see them see out their contracts. We certainly have no plans to kick anyone off any time soon.” Megaloudis said that he has decided to come to campus on his scheduled days out of “loyalty” to the students, but does not know how long this will be sustainable. West Union Kim wrote he understood the importance Duke places on the West Union, but that simply relocating food trucks far away from it when they have been well-received by Duke students is unfair. “We are not asking for favors. We are simply asking for a fair fighting chance,” Kim wrote. “Students have choices. And they choose us. The University should not hinder their options.” The owners said the decision to bring new vendors to

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the West Union serving food similar to that already served by food trucks added insult to injury. Ginger + Soy serves similar food to Chirba Chirba, Cafe serves crêpes like that of Parlez-Vous Crêpe and The Skillet serves barbecue similar to The Humble Pig. Johnson noted that the food in West Union is similar to that served by the food trucks because “venues and food offerings in West Union were developed with student input and represent popular foods that students asked for.” Kerchof added that he does not see food trucks as direct competition to traditional brick-and-mortar restaurants, since patrons have a different mindset about eating there. Because they helped provide food to students when the West Union was under construction, Megaloudis said the food trucks deserve better treatment. “When we were on campus and Duke was going through the transitions and there was a shortfall of food options on campus, it was food trucks that picked up the slack and helped the University get through this transition period,” he Carolyn Chang | Chronicle File Photo said. “Now that the transition period is done, it’s like they put Several food truck owners said that they were unable to us in a position to fail.” access an assigned location in the Kilgo parking lot. Claire Ballentine and Abigail Xie contributed reporting.

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FOOTBALL

DEMON DEACONS RALLY AROUND DEFENSE Hank Tucker The Chronicle

Wake Forest’s seniors have come close to beating Duke multiple times but with a stout defense might have their best chance yet this weekend. The Demon Deacons will open ACC play against the Blue Devils Saturday at 3:30 p.m. at Wallace Wade Stadium. Wake Forest escaped with a 7-3 victory in its season opener against Tulane last week, and will likely need another strong defensive performance Saturday to knock off Duke for the first time since 2011. The win against the Green Wave was the team’s third victory during head coach Dave Clawson’s tenure when scoring seven or fewer points. The Demon Deacons have just four wins during that three-year span when scoring more than seven points, and ranked 119th out of 127 FBS teams last year in scoring offense. Wake Forest averaged 17.4 points per game in 2015 en route to 3-9 record, including 1-7 in the ACC. “The object of the game is to win, and we won,” Clawson said Tuesday at his weekly press conference. “But I don’t think our offense left that game saying we did our job and we’re satisfied by any means. As a group, they know they’re better than that.” Wake Forest’s defensive effort against Tulane was led by redshirt freshman defensive back Jessie Bates with eight tackles, and 10 Demon Deacons had at least four tackles.

Khloe Kim | Chronicle File Photo John Wolford and Wake Forest’s offense struggled in the team’s opener but torched Duke for more than 400 yards of offense in the teams’ 2015 meeting.

Redshirt junior defensive lineman Julian Jackson was part of that group, making two tackles for loss and forcing a fumble that ended Tulane’s potential game-winning drive in the closing minutes. “They do an outstanding job in every aspect of defense,” Blue Devil head coach David Cutcliffe said Tuesday. “Wake Forest is a different Wake Forest team than they’ve been. They are developing a program.”

Offensively, Wake Forest uses a dual quarterback system with junior John Wolford as the superior passer and Durham native Kendall Hinton coming in off the bench as a running threat. Although Wolford passed for just 79 yards Thursday night, he picked Duke’s secondary apart in last year’s regular-season finale, racking up 338 passing yards and two touchdowns in a 27-21 loss. Hinton did not play against the Blue Devils last season, though he led the

Demon Deacons with seven rushing touchdowns in 2015 and was the only player to reach the end zone in Wake Forest’s opener. Clawson confirmed Tuesday that he would use both quarterbacks against Duke, but declined to give away any more details about his game plan. “Two-quarterback systems are always hard to prepare for because you don’t know what they’re going to come out with,” Blue Devil linebacker Ben Humphreys said. “They’re both very, very capable of running that offense, and they’re going to be able to have great games if we don’t prepare for them well.” Three of Wake Forest’s top four receiving threats from last season are also back with another year of experience under their belts. Wide receivers Cortez Lewis and Tabari Hines and tight end Cam Serigne combined for nearly 1,500 receiving yards and 11 touchdown catches in 2015, and the trio could create matchup problems for the Blue Devil secondary. Serigne was particularly effective against Duke last year, posting a careerhigh 135 yards and a touchdown. The Demon Deacons will also look to repeat their success on the ground from 2015, when they picked up 112 yards on 23 carries. Wake Forest’s running game was also disappointing against the Green Wave, with returning starter Tyler Bell out with an injury and no clear threat on the ground other than Hinton. Clawson said he expects Bell to return See SCOUTING on Page 9

FOOTBALL

Linebacker Joe Giles-Harris flashes star potential Sid Bhaskara The Chronicle

Khloe Kim | The Chronicle Joe Giles-Harris and Ben Humphreys give the Blue Devils two young stars at the linebacker position.

With ACC Defensive Player of the Year Jeremy Cash and Dwayne Norman no longer with the Blue Devils, sophomore linebacker Ben Humphreys seemed like the logical choice to be the next Duke player to eclipse the 100-tackle mark in a season. Humphreys, Duke’s starter at mike linebacker this year, had 11 tackles in the Blue Devils’ Pinstripe Bowl win against Indiana and added about 15 pounds to his frame this offseason. But in Duke’s staunch defensive effort Saturday night against N.C. Central, it was another linebacker who stole the show. Redshirt freshman Joe Giles-Harris recorded six tackles—two for loss, including a sack—and a pass breakup in barely two quarters of playing time in Saturday’s 49-6 rout of the Eagles. On a night that saw Duke turn in one of its best defensive

performances of the David Cutcliffe era, the linebacker’s play caught the eyes of many and helped the Blue Devils allow just 71 yards on 30 plays in a dominant first half, before surrendering just 41 more yards in the second half. After combining for 370 yards in its last two games against Duke, N.C. Central gained four first downs Saturday evening, scoring two field goals only because of two of the Blue Devils’ five fumbles. Duke pledged to come back as a more aggressive team in 2016, and that work paid off for the first time Saturday evening. “That was just the whole preparation from the summer,” Giles-Harris said. “We’ve really worked at what [Cutcliffe] says. We focused on getting stronger and being able to hold the line of scrimmage.” Giles-Harris, who beat out Tinashe Bere for the starting spot at will linebacker this offseason, wasted little time getting his See GILES-HARRIS on Page 9

8 | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2016 8 | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2016

WOMEN’S GOLF

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COLUMN

The Chronicle The Chronicle

Carta’s stardom grows during summer Defending the sitting QB

Amrith Ramkumar The Chronicle On the second-to-last hole of the U.S. Women’s Amateur final Aug. 7, Duke sophomore Virginia Elena Carta desperately needed a birdie. The NCAA champion trailed South Korea’s Eun Jeong Seong by two when she found a greenside bunker with her second shot on the par-5 17th hole at Rolling Green Golf Club in Springfield, Pa. The only way the Italian could send the match to the final hole was by getting up and down for birdie with a timely bunker shot. “I thought it was a perfect bunker shot as soon as I hit it, so I was like, ‘Why is nobody clapping? Everybody is so mean,’” Carta said. “I thought it was perfect, then I walked up the bunker and saw this ball rolling down the green. I was like, ‘I can’t believe this is happening.’” Carta’s ball came to rest past the back of the green, about 30 feet away from the hole. Although Carta’s caddy for the event, Italian national coach Roberto Zappa, encouraged her to aim for an effective lag putt with good speed, the player with the lowest NCAA championship score ever had a different mentality. “I was like, ‘No, you don’t understand, this ball has to go in. I got it,’” Carta said. “I believed in it because it was the only thing I could do in that situation.” As the ball dove to the right and nestled into the bottom of the cup—Carta compared the putt to the several long-range putts she made at the NCAA championship in May—she let out a fist pump that was “all the energy I had.” Although Seong made an equally impressive putt on the next hole to seal the win, the event was one of several summer learning experiences for Carta coming off her record-setting NCAA championship win. The Udine, Italy, native also competed at the LPGA Tour’s Marathon Classic— finishing tied for 69th after struggling during the final two days—and withdrew from the European Ladies Amateur Championship because of flight delays. The months after Carta’s first collegiate win tested her under pressure, conditions she will experience again when she competes in the World Amateur Team Championships next week and begins her sophomore season at Duke at the end of September.

With the NFL season less than 48 hours away, the biggest headline is neither the Super Bowl rematch that kicks off the season nor the four-game suspension of Tom Brady—it’s Colin Kaepernick. The sixth-year veteran has drawn plenty of attention, not for his subpar play on the field, but instead for his decision to sit during the national anthem of the San Francisco 49ers’ preseason games. Despite rampant backlash, Kaepernick has stood by his actions and said he did not want to support the American flag and “a country that oppresses black people and people of color.” Although athletes often voice their opinions on relevant social and political issues, few do so as dramatically as Kaepernick has done, as evidenced by the amount of coverage his stand—or really, sit—has received. His jersey is currently the league’s best-seller, and the revenue generated in the past week is more than his jersey collected in the last eight months combined. Maybe all of this attention speaks to the lack of superstars at the quarterback position, with Peyton Manning, Brady and Tony Romo all absent from the league’s opening day slate and Cam Newton keeping a surprisingly low profile during the offseason. After all, a story has to be pretty significant for a reporter to pester President Barack Obama at the G-20 Summit in China about what a backup quarterback did during a preseason game. The question is whether Kaepernick’s actions warrant such criticism, or whether they should simply serve as a conversation-starter. Although many athletes voice support for issues, Kaepernick is sticking his neck out alone to raise awareness for a cause he is passionate about. It’s a bold move for an NFL quarterback, certainly, and brings with it a number of unwanted personal attacks.

Brian Pollack

Photo Courtesy of USGA Virginia Elena Carta made a long putt on the second-to-last hole of the U.S. Women’s Amateur final to extend the match.

“With Virginia, she’s passionate and gets very excited. Her work always includes making sure she stays at an even keel and stays in process,” Blue Devil head coach Dan Brooks said. “As good of a player as she is, she’s going to need to keep working on that.” Any improvements Carta makes entering the season could spell trouble for the rest of the country. After finishing 32nd following two rounds of stroke play at the U.S. Women’s Amateur, she won five matches—including three straight against higher-seeded opponents—to advance to the final. And as dramatic as several of her backnine comebacks were to reach the final, Carta saved the most exciting moments for the final 18 of the 162 holes she played in Pennsylvania that week. Before her clutch putt on the 35th hole of the 36-hole final, the All-American battled heat exhaustion and dizziness. At one point, she sent an eagle putt off the back of the green. After continuing for several holes and drinking a soda to increase her energy level, Carta’s ailments worsened, forcing her to lie down after winning the 13th hole to receive medical attention. The 15-minute break gave Seong time to regroup after losing a hole, and the 16-year old took advantage to became the first player ever to win the U.S. Women’s Amateur and U.S. Girls’ Junior championship in the same year.

Photo Courtesy of USGA Carta won five matches at the U.S. Women’s Amateur, including three against higherseeded opponents.

“The final was tough. The final was really tight. I made some mistakes that I still think about and am like, ‘Okay, you are so stupid,’” Carta said. “For sure, like drinking Coke and coffee was not the best idea ever.” Brooks was in Pennsylvania to recruit and support his most recent NCAA champion, though he had to leave before the semifinals to attend a former player’s wedding. Luckily, Carta gave Brooks a reason to come back to watch the final match. “It was great. She was a lot of fun to watch. She was really playing great golf throughout the whole week,” Brooks said. “That was quite a deal to have to lay down on the 14th tee and recover—it was just unfortunate. She was playing great and really had some good potential to win the championship.” As part of her busy summer, Carta connected with several former Blue Devils at the Marathon Classic, including U.S. Women’s Open champion Brittany Lang, Olympian Laetitia Beck and former U.S. Women’s Amateur champion Amanda Blumenherst. She also befriended the top player in the world—Lydia Ko. Carta said the professional event had a big impact on her, adding that she and Blumenherst—a three-time National Player of the Year who finished second at the U.S. Women’s Amateur before winning it in 2008—texted throughout the summer about the parallels in their stories. Now back in Durham, Carta is with the No. 5 Blue Devils eyeing a team national championship after Duke fell for the second straight year in the national semifinals. After she starts playing with her teammates again, there will be less pressure on her, but Carta said she wants to stay just as focused. At the Marathon Classic, she said she found herself in the top 30 following the first two rounds because she wanted to make the cut. Once she met another goal, Carta struggled to keep her game at the same level. But if her U.S. Women’s Amateur performance is any indication, Carta will likely be just as determined to get back on top at NCAAs next May. “I wasn’t able to score [at the Marathon Classic] because I didn’t have a goal in my mind,” she said. “This is something that I’m going to try to have going into this fall, trying to have as many goals as possible.”

See KAEPERNICK on Page 9

Photo Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Colin Kaepernick’s decision to sit during the national anthem has drawn both criticism and support.

The Chronicle The Chronicle

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GILES-HARRIS from page 7

name in the box score. On the Eagles’ first possession, the Nyack, N.Y., native contained N.C. Central quarterback Malcolm Bell, eventually bringing him down for a sack. Throughout the opening half, Giles-Harris seemed to be in the right place at the right time, keeping up with Eagle backs and receivers in pass coverage and making timely tackles. And one of the reasons the 6-foot-2, 220-pound linebacker was so effective was because of defensive tackle A.J. Wolf’s play in the trenches. The Blue Devils’ only returning starter on the defensive line, Wolf controlled the point of attack throughout the contest, helping Duke limit N.C. Central to 38 yards on 29 rushing attempts. The Eagles averaged 174.7 yards per game on the ground last season. Wolf also showed a quick first step rushing Bell, accumulating three sacks—the most by a Blue Devil in a single game since 2003 and more than any Duke player had all of last season. “[Getting three sacks in a game] definitely isn’t a bad thing,” Wolf said. “I needed the whole defense to do it. If some guy busted a coverage, one second drop and then they’re throwing a touchdown. It’s cool to have three sacks but credit the whole defense. I just ended up getting the credit on those plays.” To the redshirt senior’s point, arguably the Blue Devils’ strongest position group, the secondary, made sure N.C. Central did not find life over the top of Duke’s defense. Bell finished the game 7-of-25 for 74 yards and an interception for the Eagles, converting just one third down against a Blue Devil secondary featuring five starters who have

been at Duke for at least three years. Senior cornerback Breon Borders— who led the Blue Devils in interceptions in each of his first three seasons—picked off a tipped pass in the first quarter, and the Statesville, N.C., native also got his partner in crime back. Redshirt junior cornerback Bryon Fields returned after tearing his ACL and missing the 2015 season, allowing two early completions before settling down. Like Borders, Fields created an explosive play, crushing N.C. Central receiver Khalil Stinson after allowing a reception to get the ball back to Duke’s offense. With veteran safeties DeVon Edwards and Deondre Singleton also flying around on the back end of the defense, the Blue Devils’ defensive linemen and linebackers showed little indecision against the Eagles, attacking the line of scrimmage to set a positive tone heading into their ACC opener next week. “When you have a veteran secondary like the one we have that’s been playing together as long as they have, you’re able to do a lot of different things,” Giles-Harris said. “With them back there, there’s more trust in us to play freely and you know they’re going to help make up for whatever we miss out on.”

KAEPERNICK from page 8 Many have called Kaepernick hypocritical for condemning the very nation which glorifies the sport that makes him a multi-millionaire. Others argue that the football field is not the place to take a stand, and that he is violating his primary responsibility to his team by staging such a distraction. This incident comes at a particularly interesting time, given that U.S. Olympic

gymnast Gabby Douglas was similarly $1 million—he is scheduled to make vilified for failing to cover her heart $11.9 million this year—to groups while the national anthem played affected by issues such as racial injustice during the gold medal ceremony. and police brutality. Although Blaine Gabbert will be San Douglas apologized for her mishap and the controversy quickly dissipated, Francisco’s starter in the team’s opener but Kaepernick has shown no signs of Monday night against Los Angeles, expect more cameras to be pointing backing down from his position. at the team’s bench. And if the past And that’s perfectly fine. Because of sports’ rampant popularity, few weeks are any indication, expect professional athletes have the capacity Kaepernick to be the quarterback who to reach an expansive audience that few has the biggest impact. members of society can—there is no reason they should not take advantage of from page 7 that, even if they are not paid to do so. It’s refreshing to see a postgame press conference and the next day’s headlines this week, but said true freshman Cade focus on something other than a petty spat Carney—who rushed for just 21 yards on between teammates, or the nuances of a seven carries in his college debut—would superstar’s latest fashion choices. still start the game. Perhaps most important, though, is the Although Wake Forest returns all way Kaepernick has conducted himself. five of its starting offensive linemen, the He made his statement before the Demon Deacons rushed for just 79 yards opening kickoff without affecting on 34 carries in their season opener. competition in any way. The statement itself “We really tried to establish the run was solitary, peaceful and did not impede in that game. Our 1st-and-10 calls were anyone else from honoring the flag. probably 75 percent runs because we In short, Kaepernick was, to borrow really believed we could run it against a phrase from Obama, exercising his those guys,” Clawson said. “It’s hard to constitutional right to freedom of say we were successful running it.” expression. Wake Forest may struggle to put points After the game, Kaepernick continued on the board if Duke’s experienced to do all of the right things. He calmly secondary can shut down Wolford and answered questions from the media the Demon Deacon receivers, but Wake about his actions, explaining his rationale Forest has already proven it can win and why he feels racial conflicts are so without a lot of scoring. important. Both the 49ers and the league If the Demon Deacons can force office have issued statements in the past a couple of turnovers to give their few days affirming his right to sit during offense short fields to work with, they the anthem, and supporting his choice to could manufacture just enough points The New York Times Syndication Sales Corporation do so. to pull off the upset and boost their 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 And Kaepernick also put his money chances For Information Call: 1-800-972-3550 of making their first bowl where his mouth is, promising to donate game in five years. For ForRelease Release Wednesday, Tuesday, September September 6,7,2016 2016

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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2016 | 9 WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 2016 | 9

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Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 7,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year). Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay. Crosswords for young solvers: nytimes.com/studentcrosswords.

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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10 | WEDNEDAY, WEDNESDAY,SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER7,7,2016 2016

New year, new DSG

T

wo weeks ago, Duke Student Government president Tara Bansal addressed first-years as part of Convocation. Standing at the podium, she offered them a piece of advice: “Whatever you do, never allow yourself to get comfortable.” As the 2016-17 school year begins, we, in turn, would like to offer that advice to the whole of DSG. It is our sincerest hope that by focusing on improving communication, restructuring internally and returning to its fundamental purposes, DSG can turn the tides of student apathy and remove the grounds many have had for perennial criticisms of it. Problems of perception have been as frequent as they have been detrimental to DSG. Examples include the conflation of the upcoming Peer Advisory for Sexual Health Center with a sex toy shop and the poorly explained April referendum on Chanticleer funding. Flashpoints like these can be avoided if well-trafficked communication lines are established. In saying that, we applaud the release of DSG’s new website. Its centralization of key resources is what students have long deserved. If properly maintained, the website represents the foundations for everyday student access to DSG. As Bansal said in a recent interview with The Chronicle, “students [don’t] know if DSG actually does anything.” We appreciate

both her recognition of that fundamental issue and DSG’s work so far in resolving it. Beyond issues of public relations, DSG has much work to do internally. We applaud Bansal’s determination to halve the size of the Senate. It goes without saying, but we urge DSG to not forget repeated and very publicly documented semesters of attendance problems. Whether evolution comes through a size reduction or more severe penalties for lack of commitment, something must change if students are to have faith in DSG’s legislative organ.

Editorial

On a cultural note, we have written for years that DSG sometimes has a mismatch of ambitions with deliverables. While we appreciate the many ideas that senators and vice presidents bring to the table, we maintain that being a good representative involves culling herds of projects down to those which offer the most value to students. We understand that personally drafted pet projects are exciting for senators to work on, but we hope that vice presidents will take on a much more direct role in focusing the energies of their committees on a smaller set of

onlinecomment “Within five days of the shooting, trends in google searches for words like “Orlando” or “shooting” went from peaking to being back at normal levels. While this isn’t a perfect indication of public interest, it does show that the attention span of the average American, even one who is ‘well informed’ is remarkably short.” — “John Donne,” commenting on “Orlando and the problem of politicization,” published June 23, 2016

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utilitarian projects. Turning to composition, the unfortunate fact remains that DSG, according to its own demographics survey, over-represents whites, males and Greek/SLGaffiliated students, while underrepresenting minorities and engineers. Self-selection through the election and campaigning processes is not an easy problem to solve, but we hope to see outreach to different campus sections and the liaisons between DSG and different student interest groups pay off this year. Ultimately though, no improvement is worth making without a return to the raison d’être of DSG: to govern and advocate for the student body in all University affairs according to the highest democratic ideals, as enshrined in DSG’s constitution. Shrinking from a condemnation of Executive Vice President Tallman Trask under the Community Standard last semester was a cowardly hesitation, and given that college protests and political debates are not going away anytime soon, we hope this year sees a bolder approach taken by our elected leaders. We similarly hope to no longer publish “Fix my DSG, pt. X” editorials and issue “cautious” endorsements of candidates. A new year means a new opportunity for a revitalized and dynamic student government, and we look forward to see what DSG has to offer.

No soda fountains, no problem?

hen West Union opened last week, students suddenly had more than a dozen new dining options. There was one thing that was noticeably absent— soda fountains. The missing soda fountains are supposed to be part of a concerted effort to “focus on healthy eating throughout the building,” Larry Moneta, vice president for student affairs, previously explained to The Chronicle. He went on to claim that this health-centric motivation “is reflected by the various menu items and the emphasis on fresh, nutritious and communal.” Moneta is correct that soda isn’t healthy, but that seems to be where his legitimacy on the issue ends. His statement claiming an emphasis on “healthy eating” suggests that he has either never visited West Union or is unfamiliar with basic nutritional guidelines. There is nothing “nutritious” about the frappes and gelato at the Café. There is nothing

about students’ dining habits, they should mandate that nutrition information be clearly visible at campus restaurants so that students are aware of how unhealthy some options are when ordering. This should be done in conjunction with the continued introduction of healthier dining options like Sprout and the Farmstead on campus. At this point, if someone still chooses to eat fried chicken with mac-and-cheese every day, that’s their decision, not Moneta’s. Further, the ultimate goal shouldn’t be to abolish all unhealthy food and beverages on campus. The administration’s focus should simply be to ensure that healthy dining options exist and that students understand the full implications of what they are eating. Duke isn’t an elementary school and we’re not elementary school students. We don’t need to be stopped from buying soda and potato chips and we shouldn’t be. If, as college-aged

Justin Koritzinsky PERFORMANCE REVIEW “nutritious” about a 12-ounce bone-in pork chop and tiramisu at JB’s Roasts & Chops. There is nothing “nutritious” about starting your day with biscuits smothered in gravy and following it with fried chicken and mac-and-cheese at the Skillet Southern Cookery. And even Moneta must know that the pizza, chicken alfredo and wings at Il Forno aren’t “nutritious.” But thank God that I’m not able to ruin my “nutritious” meal by washing it down with soda. In the absence of soda fountains, administration has fortunately introduced other, superfood beverage options including sweetened tea and fruit-in-jug water. For those looking for an even more “nutritious” option, they need look no further than the ten beers on tap at the Devil’s Krafthouse in the lower level of the West Union. It is clear that the administration is selectively and arbitrarily banning unhealthy foods and drinks for little purpose other than that the action looks good. Instead of parading a false notion of health built on the back of an ineffective soda fountain ban, the university should actually work to encourage students to eat healthy. Administrators should give students as much information as possible on what they’re consuming. If they’re truly concerned

students, we aren’t capable of making such basic decisions as to whether we should drink a soda at lunch, when will we be? Moreover, what decisions would we capable of making? The university shouldn’t encourage unhealthy habits by maintaining a policy of charging students 25 cents for a cup that can be used for water, tea or the fruit-in-jug water. Water is undoubtedly the healthiest beverage, yet by charging 25 cents for something that most people view as free, the university causes people to feel as though they’re not getting their money’s worth if they drink water. This incentivizes people to drink less healthy, highercalorie beverages instead. If the university is so desperately in need of this 25 cents and truly wants to encourage healthy eating, they should just raise prices on food. The university has the right to choose what to serve in its dining halls, but the interests of all students and normal people should be considered. Duke could schedule all classes at 8:30 am, but the university wants to and should meet student needs when reasonable—this includes adding soda fountains to West Union. Justin Koritzinsky is a Trinity senior. His column, “performance review,” will run on alternate Wednesdays.

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Orlando and the problem of forgetting

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few weeks ago, after the mass shooting that took almost fifty lives, I wrote a piece called “Orlando and the problem of politicization.” In it, I argued that when people use the heat of the moment of a tragedy to pursue a political agenda, we are removed from what ought to be our natural human reactions: grief, solidarity, confusion, maybe anger. “The shooting in Orlando brings all kinds of policy implications to the

spikes and subsequent drops are enough to tell the heartbreaking story of our collective short memory. In light of this reality, we ought to take the next step towards action. We can’t just mourn something, forget, move on, and ignore the future. There are real, tangible steps forward. Though there is plenty of space for reasonable disagreement within this complicated debate, there are some clear problems that public policy could most definitely address.

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The expatriate’s bromance

wonder what Ernest Hemingway would think of the modern-day bromance. Might he be skeptical of the intimacy that characterizes so many of the 21st-century’s fictional male friendships? What would he say after sitting through a screening of “I Love You, Man?” If his body of work—or more accurately, the comparatively limited parts of it which I’ve encountered—is any indication, I imagine he might be a bit perplexed by the sight of Paul Rudd and Jason Segel lobbing affectionate nicknames at one

David Wohlever

Jake Parker

SIMPLE COMPLEXITY

THINKING TOO MUCH, FEELING TOO LITTLE

forefront. We can do better, and we should do better. But part of being better is being observant, first.” We observed. We cried. My beautiful hometown city of Orlando came together. Thousands lined up to donate blood. Some hospitals recently decided not to seek payment from victims of the shooting. Watching my city rally together reminded me why I am proud to be from Orlando. But that was all in the days after. It’s now been over two and a half months since what we now consider to be the largest mass shooting in U.S. history, and it seems like we’ve already forgotten. We did what we do—we moved on. And this isn’t the first time. In 2012, our country was shaken by the killing of 26 students and six adults at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Also in 2012, 12 were killed and 70 injured in a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado. In 2007, 32 people were killed at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. The list goes on, and on, and on. This year alone has seen 9,728 deaths and 20,308 injuries. Among them have been 449 children and 2,092 teenagers. Of these gun-related incidents, 261 have been classified as mass shootings. This is a daily reality in every state, in every city. While those who were not directly impacted by the shooting are able to move on, some don’t have this “luxury;” some people can’t just move on. I’m talking about the parents of the victims. The friends who never ran into their friends again. The people who were at the scene and survived. They don’t have the luxury that the observers did; the Orlando shooting, like other similar tragedies, is a daily reality for many. And we cannot forget that. What happened to calls for reform? What happened to the public debate surrounding gun control? A quick glance at Google’s data shows that public interest in the gun control debate dropped significantly after spiking for a few days back in June. Similar trends followed many of the shootings; the

Right now, 40 percent of gun sales are not bound by a legally required background check. Loopholes like the gun show loophole make obtaining weapons far too easy. Online gun sellers aren’t held to high enough standards; as many as 62 percent in New York agreed to sell a gun even after being informed the buyer would probably fail a background check. And there is plenty of support for measures to combat this problem; at least 70 percent of Americans consistently say that they favor universal background checks. One major poll even found that 87 percent of Republicans are on board with this measure. So what’s the problem? Answering the “why” within the stalemate of gun control gets very sticky very fast, but a few things are clear. There are some very, very strong interest groups (the NRA, for instance) that wield incredibly strong political capital to prevent movement on the issue. Plenty of Political Action Committees (PACs) donate thousands to candidates that fight against reasonable gun control. These are strong barriers, but they can be overcome by stronger movements, grassroots efforts, and unwavering public consciousness of the problem. We can do better, and we must do better. And that brings us back to the original point: in order to form these strong movements that demand change, we must remember. I still strongly believe that the first stage of responding to a tragedy involves maintaining our humanity. But I believe just as strongly that the second step is taking action—and that means one thing: we can’t just forget. We must take action, and we must remember. We must challenge ourselves to have stronger memories as a society—for ourselves, for the sake of those who hurt today and for the sake of those who could be hurt in the future. We must remember. David Wohlever Sanchez is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “simple complexity,” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

Interested in writing for the Opinion pages? Contact Jackson Prince at jrp56@duke.edu.

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another. I say this because it seems to me that Hemingway’s characters are often solitary people, more commonly characterized by their overwhelming fears and fixations than the quality of their friendships. Santiago, from “The Old Man and the Sea,” comes to mind. He is the titular character of Hemingway’s Pulitzer Prizewinning novella and his companionless struggle to catch a marlin off the coast of Cuba takes up the bulk of the short work. When Santiago finally reaches the shore after a brutal three days, he is physically alone and solely responsible for his quasivictory. The solitude is a theme characteristic of the Hemingway oeuvre. Attempting to make broad generalizations about an artist’s work is a facile endeavour, but it’s safe to say that works like “A Farewell to Arms” and “Hills Like White Elephants,” contain no duos or friendships comparable to what we’ve come to know as the archetypal modern bromance. That is to say, you won’t find the brand of hyper-intimacy shared by the leads of “21 Jump Street” among Hemingway’s characters. Perhaps “The Sun Also Rises” contains the best example of a healthy Hemingway friendship. Jake Barnes—the protagonist— and his friend, Bill Gorton, are consistently kind to one another in a novel full of virulence. One day as they eat lunch, Bill tells Jake he is “fonder of [him] than anybody on earth.” He quickly qualifies his statement with a series of homophobic remarks, delimiting the platonic bounds of said fondness, but the affection is sincere. By the end of the novel, the duo’s friends— made volatile by passion and cheap wine— have become the posterchildren for the antifriendship cause. Jake and Bill on the other hand escape unscathed by the surrounding conflict; their relationship is perhaps the most optimistic aspect of the novel. When I first read the “The Sun Also Rises” in high school, the duo of Jake and Bill inexplicably reminded me of another piece of art: “Superbad.” The connection may be startling and some might even challenge my characterization of the movie as art. Clearly, Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, the screenwriters, are no literary geniuses; they are however the duo whose last collaboration gave us a lengthy and literal representation of the term “food porn.” Yet, despite the film’s pedigree, “Superbad”—or more precisely, a few of its key scenes—seems to echo Hemingway’s rendering of male friendship. Towards the end of the movie, the two leads—Seth and Evan—retreat to one of their basements after a night of drinking and partying. They arrange their sleeping bags side-by-side and as they nod off, each of them declares their love for the other. Their affirmations are heartfelt—and very funny—

but come morning, neither of them want to talk about the previous night and their brief conversation is quickly capped off with a lecherous quip. The scene is not unlike the interaction from “The Sun Also Rises,” in which a drunk Bill declares his platonic fondness for Jake with a series of homophobic ramblings. It certainly doesn’t reflect well on “Superbad” that 80 years later the same same sort of anxiety surrounding male affection persists within the movie’s script and improvisation.

While the film can be reasonably characterized as a capable exploration of codependency, it is also an alarming example of homophobia and sexism. It’s unfortunate that as we grew up, many of my male friends and I looked to films like “Superbad” to inform our interactions with one another. We would have been better advised to take after the friendships portrayed by humanist filmmaker, Tom McCarthy, who always seems to be making a plea to his viewers: remember, we are all each other has. Of course, we were watching for the debauchery and graphic language, not the life lessons. Thus, we grew up happily misinformed about what constitutes healthy viable friendship. Movies produced by the Judd Apatow rat pack seemed to suggest that through break-ups and college admissions, friendships could persevere; that in fact, they were likely to. So when ninth grade rolled around and the middle school friends I had grown up quoting “Superbad” with made their way to different high schools, we were optimistic about the easy continuance of our friendship. Little did we know the cards were statistically stacked against us. A 2015 study published by Psychological Science tracked 573 reciprocated friendships beginning in the seventh grade and found that “Fewer than one in ten friendships… survived the transition from middle school to high school,” while “Only one percent… continued to the 12th grade.” In the end, the researchers provided a better predictive model than the comedians. Today, only a few of us remain close, and according to the Psychological Science study, our “compatibility is a function of similarity between friends rather than the presence or absence of a particular trait.” I’m more inclined to believe the fumes of nostalgia and our ability to be increasingly candid with one another are the roots of our continued—albeit loose—friendship. In any case, the typical codependency of the comedic bromance is unviable. In “The Sun Also Rises,” Jake and Bill remain friends while separated by an ocean— Bill resides in America and Jake in Europe. Their bond traverses the logical bounds of geography until they are able to meet up again. So, as the semester begins and many of us—particularly first-year students—leave our friends back home to meet, and reunite with, those at Duke, I encourage you to remember this: If the expatriates’ bromance can traverse an ocean, we—with our iPhones and laptops—can manage to preserve old friendships too. Jake Parker is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “thinking too much, feeling too little,” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

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