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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019 DUKECHRONICLE.COM

OPINION

Old ghosts and the question of reparations By Gino Nuzzilillo Columnist

We thought of the [Black] men, women, and children that had gone into the buildings to make up Duke University...the blood to be squeezed out of black bodies to build a university for white minds… only white minds… If white people had labored in the factories of the American tobacco industry for less than enough on which to live, they have had the satisfaction of knowing that their children may reap the benefits in a school that provides the very best training. If [Blacks] have done the same thing, it must pierce their hearts to know that Duke University has been built for every other race under the sun but theirs...[the African American] stands alone as the one human being on earth too loathsome in the eyes of the American white man to share the benefits of Duke University. This editorial, published by the Blackowned The Carolina Times on May 6th, 1939, powerfully captures the ways in which white supremacy has rested on exploited labor to shape Duke University. Despite multiple efforts to desegregate the school and continued reliance on low-paid, poorly treated Black labor, Black students could not attend Duke as undergraduates until twenty-four years later, in a move later lauded as a progressive “new chapter” in Duke’s history. Desegregation did not, however, return the wealth produced by and stolen from Black tobacco workers and laborers—wealth which underpins an 8.5 billion dollar endowment and scaffolds our Gothic architecture. More, desegregation did not disrupt the university’s persistent abuse of workers who daily keep the university running, a pattern that stretches from 1968 to 1998 to See REPARATIONS on Page 10

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH YEAR, ISSUE 5

MARINE LAB EVACUATED FOR DORIAN By Ben Leonard Features Editor

John Markis Senior News Reporter

Another year, another hurricane forcing evacuations and canceled classes at Duke’s Marine Lab. Duke will evacuate Marine Lab students from Beaufort, N.C., to Durham Wednesday morning and has canceled classes at the lab from Wednesday to Friday in preparation for Hurricane Dorian’s impact, according to a news release. Last September, Hurricane

Florence blasted the area, forcing the school to cancel classes for weeks and leaving many buildings at the lab damaged. Duke’s main campus is less likely to suffer significant consequences. Projections show less than 3 inches of rain for the area, but flooding could be a problem in some low-lying areas, according to the release. The University does not expect to activate its severe weather and emergency conditions policy, which could cancel classes in Durham. School officials expect the storm—once a Category 5 hurricane—to be a Category 2 as it approaches North Carolina’s coast. A hurricane watch has been issued for the area,

including the Marine Lab. As of Wednesday at 5 p.m., Dorian is about 150 miles south of Charleston, S.C., according to the National Hurricane Center. One 85-year-old North Carolina resident has already died after falling from a ladder while preparing for the storm. A hurricane warning is in effect from Georgia to the Virginia-North Carolina border, and Durham Public Schools canceled classes tomorrow. The coastal Carolinas can expect 5 to 10 inches of rain and up to 15 inches in some See DORIAN on Page 5

‘Making them happen’: Trustees hold forum

Emily Qin | News Photography Editor Representatives from each of the four Board of Trustees task forces were at Wednesday’s open forum to discuss the past year’s activity and the future.

By Mona Tong Local and National News Editor

At its first open forum meeting of the year—the first of four—the Board of Trustees reviewed highlights from the May 2019 board meeting and discussed its plans for the upcoming academic year.

Representatives from each of the four task forces created in Spring 2018—focusing on topics from Central Campus’s future to the residential experience—were present to summarize their activity over the last year and take audience questions. Vice President for Facilities John Noonan represented the Future of Central Campus

task force. Noonan said that the task force has looked into options to fill what was formerly Central Campus, including a new science building, graduate housing and residential housing for the Durham community. However, the group ultimately decided See FORUM on Page 5

Exonerated Five members reflect on ‘criminal system of injustice’ By Matthew Griffin University News Editor

Mary Helen Wood | Photography Editor The Exonerated Five talk, from left to right: Yusef Salaam, Raymond Santana and Mark Anthony Neal.

As a child, Yusef Salaam skateboarded and wanted to make a difference by becoming a hip-hop artist. Raymond Santana kept up with the latest fashion and was still exploring a world of future options. That all changed when, at the ages of 15 and 14 respectively, Salaam and Santana, along with three other boys, were accused of crimes they did not commit. Formerly referred to as the Central Park Five, this group is now known as the Exonerated Five. At an event at Page Auditorium moderated by Mark Anthony Neal, James B. Duke professor

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of African and African American studies, the two spoke of their story’s connection to racial bias, the flawed criminal justice system and the media’s role in both. They described their story as one of personal evolution, resilience and even love. “We were survivors of the criminal system of injustice,” Salaam said, referring to the social stigma associated with what was revealed as a wrongful conviction. The five teenagers—Anton McCray, Kevin Richardson, Yusef Salaam, Raymond Santana and Korey Wise—were arrested in connection with the attack of Trisha Meili, who was raped See EXONERATED on Page 5 @thedukechronicle | © 2019 The Chronicle

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Big Trouble in the Big Easy By Carter Forinash University News Editor

Students stranded in a restaurant, a shuttle to a new apartment building and eventually an evacuation all added up to a dramatic two days for students in DukeEngage-New Orleans. With soon-to-be Hurricane Barry bearing down on the Louisiana coast, and thunderstorms already leaving parts of the city drenched in feet of water, DukeEngage made the decision to pull its participants out of the city in the middle of July, ending the program more than two weeks early. Students were aware of the storm forming over the Gulf of Mexico as early as the first week of July but largely ignored it—or accepted it as a normal part of the summer in New Orleans, as their co-workers told them. By the weekend of July 6, students were preparing for a soggy few days, as forecasts showed consistent thunderstorms and rain over the course of the week. Despite rain arriving steadily over the course of the week, the weather didn’t truly take a turn for the worse until the chaotic morning of July 10, a Wednesday. That day, a mandatory evacuation was announced starting Thursday morning for Plaquemines Parish—the Louisiana equivalent of a county—which is part of the New Orleans

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Selena Qian | Graphics Editor

metropolitan area. That order was followed by another as we drove along, staring out the window, I noticed side streets mandatory evacuation for low-lying parts of Jefferson Parish, filling up with more and more water,” Juneja wrote in an email which borders the city. to The Chronicle. Although the storm had not yet made landfall or even Because of the rising floodwaters, passengers were formally become a hurricane, its torrential rains were already shepherded off the streetcar and into a nearby tavern. Although sweeping into the city. at first he was unconcerned, stoically “The streets were underwater, there It was a surreal experience looking at the flood as part of the New were reports of people driving the wrong that I hadn’t experienced Orleans experience, the water continued way on the roads, and flash flood and to climb. It eventually reached knee level tornado warnings were constantly flashing until then and don’t think I before it receded. None of the students on our phones,” wrote sophomore Ashwin will ever again. were hurt, yet Juneja seemed unlikely to Kulshrestha, who was a DukeEngage forget it anytime soon. participant and is also a staff reporter for “It was a surreal experience that I arjun juneja SOPHOMORE PARTICIPANT IN hadn’t experienced until then and don’t The Chronicle. DUKE ENGAGE NEW ORLEANS The trip to work that morning was think I will ever again,” Juneja wrote. an adventure. For some—the lucky By the afternoon of July 10, Program students—their travel left them drenched and taking shelter in a Director Ashley Brown Burns contacted students to let stairwell to wait out a tornado warning. them know that Duke—and local housing officials at Loyola For others, a routine streetcar ride left them face-to-face with University, where the students were staying—had decided to the risks of a tropical storm. move the students to another building in a less flood-prone part Sophomore Arjun Juneja recalled being stuck in a New of the city. Orleans tavern as floodwaters crept up from rain. See TROUBLE on Page 6 “As I was riding the streetcar on early Wednesday morning,

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THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019 | 3

‘We belong here’: Students build unity at 5th Black Convocation By Cameron Oglesby Contributing Reporter

Since its inception five years ago, Duke’s Black Convocation Ceremony has provided an evening of community and recognition for Duke’s black undergraduate and graduate students. As people entered Penn Pavilion on the evening of Sept. 4, they found themselves surrounded by large poster tributes memorializing the protests, sacrifices and steps taken toward racial integration on Duke’s campus. Between the linen-covered tables and Duke-blue hydrangeas were signs promoting historical acts of desegregation, both white and black students depicted as a symbol of unity within the Duke community. Unity was the theme of this year’s fifth annual Black Convocation Ceremony. The event was designed to “speak to both the distinctiveness and the beauty of Duke’s African diaspora,” wrote Chandra Guinn, director of the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture, in an email. First-year Ezra Belgrave attributed her motivation to attend the event to the “feelings of validation” she has received from the black community at Duke so far. “[To me] blackness means being proud of who you are and being able to overcome whatever life throws your way,” Belgrave told The Chronicle. The opportunity to interact with a strong black community like the one at Duke showed her that “we belong here and we can overcome people trying to bring us down.” Senior Yannet Daniel, a Black Convocation student leader and co-president of Duke’s Ethiopian/Eritrean Student Transnational Association, expressed a similar sentiment. “I feel honored to be amidst an upcoming

Mia Chang | Staff Photographer “Everything that Black people endeavor to do at Duke, helps to make the University better and helps it live up to being a University as good as its promise.”

class that is just full of energy and excitement,” Daniel said. As everyone took their seats, the ceremony officially began with a procession of black student leaders ushered in by the music of The Bradley Simmons Drummers. Guinn followed the procession with formal introductions and a presentation that highlighted both the diversity of the African diaspora at Duke, as well as the history of black struggles, freedom and representation on Duke’s campus. “Everything that Black people endeavor to do at Duke, helps to make the University better and helps it live up to being a University as good as its promise,” Guinn wrote The Chronicle. “We are grateful to gather to encourage one another and grow in our sense of self and belonging so

that we are stronger for the journey and work that we do.” Speakers elaborated on the spirit of unity and Duke black camaraderie. Law School student Chavis Jones, president of Duke’s Black Graduate and Professional Students Association, cited the late Toni Morrison. “‘As you enter positions of trust and power, dream a little before you think,’” he said. “This space, this university is a space that is world renowned for the capacity of the students, faculty and staff to think. But it is also imperative that we dream.” With such interactive activities as a recitation led by Rev. Joshua Lazard and the delivery of an Afro-inspired poem by Michael Ivory Jr., Trinity ’18, the evening concluded

with a collective call to solidarity and the traditional “Roots and Wings: A Meditation in Several Tongues.” For people like Megan Stanley, a social work student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and intern for the Duke Center for Truth, Racial Healing and Transformation, the evening was a welcome moment of solidarity. “Blackness means joy, resilience, safety amongst her people and the feeling of being seen,” Stanley said. Other attendees echoed similar sentiments, including William Page, program coordinator for the Center for Documentary Studies. “Blackness means family, resilience in a day-to-day way and a generational way and the opportunity to commune,” Page said.

NC state district maps struck down By Carter Forinash University News Editor

In a unanimous state court ruling, a threejudge panel in a Wake County court struck down North Carolina’s state legislative maps as unconstitutional. Jonathan Mattingly, chair of the department of mathematics, served as an expert witness for the plaintiffs and testified in open court in July. Speaking to The Chronicle Tuesday night, Mattingly welcomed the threejudge panel’s decision but cautioned that much of its impact rests upon the General Assembly’s willingness to follow the ruling’s push toward transparency. “I hope that the legislature respects the spirit of what was told to them, that this should be an open process,” Mattingly said. “The best disinfectant is sunshine, letting people see what’s going on.” Announced Sept. 3, the panel held North Carolina’s state legislative maps to violate the North Carolina constitution, specifically the Free Elections Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, the Freedom of Speech and Assembly Clauses. The challenged maps were redrawn in 2017 by the North Carolina General Assembly, with both chambers held by Republicans. The court also ordered the North Carolina legislature to redraw the maps by Sept. 18. The new maps must use a set of seven standards set by the court. The court order prohibits the General Assembly from using election data, and the new districts must also be drawn publicly. At Duke, Mattingly’s team developed computational methods to show when a district map favors one party over the other. By generating tens of thousands of potential maps to meet districting criteria, Mattingly and his

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team demonstrated the low chance of North Carolina’s maps being randomly drawn. Mattingly expressed optimism that the ban on election data would cut back on partisan gerrymandering. By cutting back on precise data, lawmakers will have a harder time making the subtle adjustments that underlie gerrymandering. “It’s very fine scale structure of where people live that will let you do this,” Mattingly said. Mattingly’s research has previously been heard in front of the Supreme Court of the United States during oral arguments in Rucho v. Common Cause. In that case, the Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that partisan gerrymandering cases cannot be decided in federal court. The plaintiffs were also supported by statewide political figures past and present. In August, four former North Carolina governors—one Republican and three Democrats—filed a brief in Common Cause v. Lewis urging the court to reject the maps as unconstitutional. Unlike the Supreme Court, the North Carolina state court assumed the responsibility to rule on partisan gerrymandering under the North Carolina Constitution. This ruling is North Carolina’s first partisan gerrymandering decision since the Supreme Court’s June decision. Republican Phil Berger, president pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate, issued a statement shared on Twitter that although he disagrees with the court’s ruling, it is not likely that the decision will be appealed to the N.C. state Supreme Court. “To end this matter once and for all, we will follow the court’s instruction and move forward with adoption of a nonpartisan map,” Berger wrote in the statement.

The Hollows clogs West move-in By Carter Forinash University News Editor

If you ever thought that your move-in day was chaotic, imagine coordinating it for all of West Campus—and then adding an extra 700 people. Move-in on West Campus is always a hectic affair, with thousands of students arriving over the course of more than a week to move into dorms spread across campus, many with limited parking access. This year, with the addition of 700 more undergraduates into the new Hollows Quad, the whole process became a bit more complicated. The additional students were coming from the now-closed Central Campus, which had been particularly easy to organize move-in for. With easy street access and extensive parking lots, Central Campus

required little extra planning to get students to their housing. Thanks to the increased number of students, this year’s West Campus movein was particularly expensive. Total costs reached between $25,000 and $30,000, according to Joe Gonzalez, assistant vice president of student affairs and dean for residential life. Most of that cost comes from increased staffing around move-in, which is coordinated by Parking and Transportation Services. Carl DePinto, director of Parking and Transportation Services, did not respond to a request for comment from The Chronicle. The temporary Parking and Transportation staff helped coordinate traffic See MOVE-IN on Page 6

Bre Bradham | Associate Photography Editor Having 700 more people on West Campus made move-in week more expensive and difficult for Duke.

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FORUM FROM PAGE 1 that those projects would be better suited to other locations, instead of the newly available 60 acres from Central Campus. “As it stands right now at the end of the task force, there isn’t a great, compelling idea that would make us run out there and start building,” he said. Gary Bennett, vice provost for undergraduate education, who represented The Next Generation Living and Learning Experience task force, thanked Mary Pat McMahon, Duke’s new vice provost/vice president for student affairs, for joining the task force “with a fresh set of eyes.” Bennett emphasized the work that the group has done to connect Duke residential experience stakeholders over the past year. Junior Lizzie Bond, who works with Duke Students for Housing Reform, asked Bennett how the task force planned

DORIAN FROM PAGE 1 areas, the National Hurricane Center wrote in an update 5 p.m. Wednesday. Raleigh has a 23% chance of seeing winds at or above 39 mph, according to the NHC update. Winds shouldn’t be tropical storm strength, Duke’s news release said, but “outdoor furniture and other loose items should be secured or moved by late Wednesday as a precaution.”

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019 | 5

to align SLG housing with Duke values. Although Bennett acknowledged that the task force has looked at the issue, he concluded that there are so many stakeholders involved that resolving the issue will take more time. David Kennedy, vice president of alumni affairs and development, and Nicole Kempton, special assistant to the vice president of alumni affairs and development, represented the Activating the Global Network task force. They discussed work that the task force has done around student experiences, career services, lifelong learning and their relationships to alumni activity. Provost Sally Kornbluth represented the Advancing Duke Science and Technology task force, which brings together Duke medicine and campus stakeholders to discuss sciences on campus. She mentioned that the task force found that Duke was behind its peers in the scientific fields, thereby highlighting a need “to bring our sciences up to the same level” as Duke’s humanities and social sciences. Vice President for Finance Tim Walsh spoke about the state of Duke’s finances.

Although Duke is currently in a solid financial position, Duke has limited opportunities to raise its revenue base in the midst of growing expenses. In order to cut down on expenses, Kornbluth said that Duke is analyzing the budget much more intensely this year. “We’re scrutinizing the budget, so you don’t just spend on something because you spent on it before,” she said. “You really have to weigh whether you’re still getting value from it.” Richard Riddell, senior vice president and secretary to the Board of Trustees, discussed the Board’s plans for the upcoming year. He said that while over the past year the task forces were focused on making strategic recommendations, they would work on “making them happen” this year. Riddell then broadly outlined the Board’s plans over the next year, including a September focus on research at Duke, December visits to downtown Durham to hear from city stakeholders and February visits to Research Triangle Park to coordinate with leaders from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University. The Board of Trustees will hold its next open forum for the September meeting Oct. 16.

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EXONERATED FROM PAGE 1 and beaten while jogging in Central Park in New York City. She was hurt so badly that she spent 12 days in a coma and woke up with no memory of the assault. The five confessed after hours of interrogation from police, and they became the center of a storm of media coverage. The suspects were described as a “Wolf Pack.” Now-President Donald Trump took out newspaper advertisements that declared “Bring Back the Death Penalty, Bring Back Our Police!” Santana spoke to the way in which this biased media coverage led the public to conclude the five were guilty. “They just painted these pictures,” Santana said of the news media. He noted that they seized on facts like Salaam’s possession of a ninja star medallion to spin “stories to make it look bad in the public eye, which in turn made the people turn their backs on us because they thought that we were guilty, and if they didn’t think we were guilty of rape then we were guilty of something.” This, he said, made it “easy for the courts to convict us.” Salaam said that the New York Police Department, including homicide detectives who had at least 20 years of experience, must have known that the five were not guilty. However, the police told the media that the five were with a gang of teenagers who were assaulting people in Central Park that evening, or “wilding.” “They knew that these stories were false, and then they sent this information to the media,” Salaam said. “The media then should have done its due diligence and said, ‘Okay, I’m going to fact check this stuff.’” The accused and their families personally experienced the public outcry. Salaam brought to the talk a copy of a letter he received that said God would punish them for the assault. The five were tried, convicted and sentenced in 1990 to six to 13 years in prison. Twelve years later, the men were exonerated when serial rapist Matias Reyes confessed that he had assaulted Meili. Afterwards, the Exonerated Five sued the New York City government and settled for $41 million. The men were featured in a 2012 Ken Burns documentary and a 2019 Netflix miniseries directed by Ava DuVernay, who coined the term “Exonerated Five.” For Salaam, the films allowed the five to tell their stories in a way that the public had never previously heard. “Folks had never heard our voices until [Burns’s] film came out,” he said. “And then we had our voices back.” Despite the positive media coverage, scars from the false conviction remain. Santana described the lingering fear that someone would try to attack him who believed that he was guilty of Meili’s assault. “I think about it every day,” he said. “That stuff constantly See EXONERATED on Page 6

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TROUBLE FROM PAGE 2 Although the new apartments were only a 10-15 minute walk up the street, officials believed that the students would be safer on Loyola University’s main campus, rather than down the street at the school’s Broadview Campus, where they were being housed at the time. The program moved quickly to get the participants to their new housing. Barely more than an hour after they were notified, the students met to discuss what was going on. Another hour later, the students had packed for a couple of days away from their usual building and taken a shuttle to their new apartments. With no clear timeline for how long they would be at the new building, all that the DukeEngage participants knew was that they were still supposed to report for work with their community partners on the morning of July 11. Overnight, plans changed. At 6 a.m. the next day, as students were preparing to wake up and head to work, Burns sent a message informing the students that DukeEngage had decided to suspend the program. Suzanne Shanahan, Nannerl O. Keohane director of the Kenan Institute for Ethics and co-director of DukeEngage, told The Chronicle that DukeEngage decided that the program should be terminated in the interest of student safety. “The situation was being continuously monitored and unfortunately, the weather forecast remained the same with significant potential for additional flooding,” Shanahan wrote in an email. “At that time, we made the decision to bring the students home.” By 9:15 a.m., they were back to their original dorm—the Broadview Campus building—and preparing to fly out later that

day. Before noon, the students hopped on a call with Kathy Sikes, senior assistant director for student programs and outreach for DukeEngage. The call with Sikes was the end of their New Orleans experience. “Shortly after the call with Kathy Sikes, we departed for the airport and after many delays all ended up reaching home,” Juneja wrote. Despite the delays, all students were home by July 11, Shanahan wrote. In the end, the storm’s path shifted, sparing New Orleans from the worst effects of the storm. Despite the near miss, all three participants who spoke to The Chronicle agreed that DukeEngage officials had made the right decision. Although many students felt that they had much left to do in the city and unfinished work with their community partners, the risks of the storm were undeniable. “The predicted rain and storm surge coupled with the fact that the Mississippi River was expected to overtop the levees surely seemed like it was going to be a disaster,” junior Lauren Berman wrote in an email to The Chronicle. DukeEngage-New Orleans focuses on public health and human services. Participants in the program volunteer with community organizations on a broad range of issues related to the city. The program started May 31 and was originally scheduled to end July 27, according to the DukeEngage website.

MOVE-IN FROM PAGE 4 and parking spaces, particularly around the Towerview Drive traffic circle at the entrance to the Blue Zone, the largest collection of

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parking spaces on West Campus. “We did need more [staffing] this year, as a result of the Hollows changing the volume—and we had to create another move-in area that needed a lot of staffing,” Gonzalez said. The extra staff managed the unloading zones to keep cars moving in and out without overstaying their welcome. They also help to manage traffic in other congested areas of West Campus, including the Blue Zone. This year, everyone moving into dorms in Keohane Quad or the new Hollows Quad was herded into a move-in area along Wannamaker Drive, across Towerview Drive from the Blue Zone. The use of the new area mostly worked out smoothly, but the system ran into issues Friday morning—the official start of movein for the semester—as students flocked back to campus. Traffic was backed up for much of the morning as students and families waited for space to open up in the unloading zones outside the dorms, Gonzalez explained. Although the initial rush to move-in was bigger this year, due to the higher volume of students, it’s fairly routine that traffic piles up on the first morning, Gonzalez added. “It’s pretty common that we have people waiting when we open up the check-in process, and then once we get through that initial rush then it’s just a trickle-in effect from there,” he said. Ideally, Duke would allow cars to naturally line up along streets around campus to wait for a spot to open up, Gonzalez explained, but the reality of movein makes that plan difficult. East Campus move-in brings a bigger rush to campus, but the short time window can actually make it easier to plan for, according to Gonzalez. Although some students move in early—athletes, scholarship recipients and marching band members among others— the majority of first-years arrive on campus

during a narrow six-hour window. The sudden rush of students gives Duke the chance to coordinate with the City of Durham and local police about street disruptions near East Campus. The predictability allows Duke to organize queues of cars waiting to unload, with coordinated lines leading up to dorms. On West Campus, with move-in stretched out over more than a week, disrupting traffic for the entire window is not an option. Instead, administrators are looking into new strategies for next year’s move-in to avoid the slowdowns caused by Friday morning’s overcrowding. Among other ideas, Gonzalez said that Duke might let students unload on Towerview Drive, which is currently discouraged, but not uncommon. When asked about whether the University would consider assigning West Campus dorms specific move-in times—as the administration already does for East Campus—Gonzalez left the possibility open. “Maybe it’s an idea that does have merit and should be considered more fully, I just know that it’s not one that we’ve tried,” Gonzalez said.

EXONERATED FROM PAGE 5 plays out in my mind… What if somebody did that? How would I react? How would I respond to it? Suppose I’m with my daughter at the time. You’ve got to think about those scenarios, just to be prepared.” There are still deep flaws in the U.S. criminal justice system, Salaam said. “This is not new,” he said. “This is a continuation of a system that has been looking at black and brown bodies as collateral damage for centuries.”

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THE BLUE ZONE

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THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019

FOOTBALL

Blue Devils to host FCS powerhouse Aggies By Evan Kolin Assistant Blue Zone Editor

It’s now Duke’s turn to play the role of heavy favorite. A week after a 42-3 defeat at the hands of No. 2 Alabama in the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game, the Blue Devils return home to Wallace Wade Stadium to take on North Carolina A&T—an FCS program—Saturday at 6 p.m. The Aggies are a formidable force in the FCS, winning the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference last season, though they did not participate in the FCS national championship tournament. North Carolina A&T finished the 2019 campaign with a final ranking of No. 11 in N.C. A&T both the FCS Coaches vs. and STATS polls. Duke “They’re a great program, not just a great team,” Duke head coach SATURDAY, 6 p.m. Wallace Wade Stadium David Cutcliffe said. “They are champions, they do what champions [do]...this is a really good football team and a really good football program. So I think you have to test yourself in those settings. We just played one that’s a great football program—you got the same thing in North Carolina A&T.” Despite the Aggies’ successes within the

FCS, Saturday’s contest is likely to end in yet another blowout—this time in Duke’s favor. The Blue Devils (0-1) are favored by 29.5 points and have beaten their previous three FCS opponents—three contests against North Carolina Central between 2016 and 2018—by a combined 164-26. Still, this game offers Cutcliffe’s squad two opportunities: the chance to even up its record after virtually the toughest season-opening opponent possible and the chance to really test out its offensive arsenal. The Crimson Tide were far from an ideal matchup in Quentin Harris’ first game as the full-time starter. Unsurprisingly, the Wilton, Conn., native struggled, completing just 12-of-22 passes for 97 yards, two interceptions and a meager 13 rushing yards on 10 carries. But against a far less imposing defense this weekend, Harris should be able to finally air out his arm and gain the confidence needed to carry him through the rest of the season. “We want to convert, execute, and play fast,” Harris said. “But I think overall, just continuing to play fast, continuing to lean on the run game and then mixing it up with some passes as well—just a balanced attack. Coming off a lot of energy and intensity this week in practice and really just focusing

Juan Bermudez | Staff Photographer

Quentin Harris will look to bounce back from a rocky start to the season against Alabama. our mindset.” The Blue Devil running backs did find success against Alabama, averaging 4.9 yards on 21 carries. What was surprising, however, was how those 21 carries were split. Going into the contest, it was expected that the running back tandem of Deon Jackson

and Brittain Brown—who totaled seven rushes apiece this past Saturday—would be an important piece of Duke’s offense. What wasn’t expected was Mateo Durant joining that duo, adding seven carries and 31 yards See PREVIEW on Page 9

VOLLEYBALL

‘The Leles’ lead Duke to win in home opener By Winston Lindqwister Associate Sports Editor

When Duke head coach Jolene Nagel entered the 2019 season, she knew she would have a jigsaw puzzle of explosive newcomers and veteran role players to put together to get the Blue Devils rolling. And although all of the pieces didn’t quite seem to fit at the start of Duke’s home opener— and some seemed missing altogether—the Blue Devils pushed through a rough start to showcase their most complete offensive performances of the young season. Duke took down Charlotte 3-0 (29-27, 2517, 25-17) Tuesday night at Cameron Indoor Stadium for its first win of the 2019 season. Although numerous 0 hitting errors plagued CHA DUKE 3 the Blue Devils through their first set, key contributions from sophomores Ade Owokoniran and Lily Cooper kept Duke in the driver’s seat all evening. “I’m pleased that our team hung in there in that first set, even though we had a lot of

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Lily Cooper had a solid .357 hitting percentage and seven kills, helping to keep the Blue Devils in the driver’s seat against the 49ers. errors,” Blue Devil head coach Jolene Nagel said. “That was actually a goal of ours going in, that we wanted to limit our hitting errors, and we didn’t do a great job in that first set. Our

team hung in there and played defense and served pretty well and passed the ball well so we could survive in that first set. By [the end], we were in rhythm and we were able to find

where we could score.” Despite ending the evening with a pair of convincing sets, the Blue Devils (1-2) were anything but in control through the first frame. Posting an abysmal 14 attacking errors to the 49ers’ three, Duke gave the visiting team free reign over the net as the Blue Devils’ outside hitters were repeatedly smothered. After holding a 12-11 lead, Duke watched its advantage disappear as Payton Schwantz—traditionally the Blue Devils’ go-to scorer—found even her most vicious spikes flying back at her courtesy of Charlotte’s tenacious blockers. Although the Blue Devils were able to keep the 49ers (3-1) from running away down the stretch—thanks in large part to Duke slotting in Owokoniran as a human spark plug—Charlotte’s Tyra Galloway and Amani McArthur continued to give the Blue Devils headaches at the net. In the first set alone, the 49ers out-blocked Duke 8-2, daring the Blue Devils’ explosive hitters to try to break through Charlotte’s bulletproof net defense. See VOLLEYBALL on Page 9

8 | THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019

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FOOTBALL

Scouting the opponent: Don’t sleep on N.C. A&T By Shane Smith Blue Zone Editor

Duke football fans have grown accustomed to seeing the Blue Devils face off against a team from the NCAA’s Championship Subdivision each September, but this year, they’ll get to see some different colors on Brooks Field. After facing Durham-based North Carolina Central in six of the last seven seasons, Duke replaced the Eagles on this year’s schedule with North Carolina A&T, another MEAC school located in the state. The Greensboro-based Aggies have quietly built a dominant program over the last half-decade, winning a share or outright control of the conference title in four of the last five seasons. Head coach Sam Washington is now in just his second season at the helm of the program, but Duke will be sure not to overlook its mid-major opponent when the two teams square off Saturday at 6 p.m. at Wallace Wade Stadium. “There are three ingredients to what championship football teams do and they’ve got a trophy for a conference championship,” Blue Devil head coach David Cutcliffe said. “They were MEAC champions for a reason. First of all, they have talent. Secondly, they are extremely well-coached. The third thing is they play, they compete at an extremely high level at all three phases.” Coming into this season, the Aggie offense will look night and day compared to 2018, as Lamar Raynard—one of the best

passing quarterbacks in school history— graduated. They’ll turn to graduate student Kylil Carter to take the reigns and open up the field with his legs. With Duke’s defensive front giving Alabama problems in the first half last week, Carter may need to look to create more with his arm. The South Cobb High School product completed less than 60 percent of his passes against Elon last week, but connected on a pair of touchdown passes. Though the Blue Devils gave up 42 points to Alabama in their season opener, Carter likely won’t find going up against the Duke defense much easier.

“Obviously we got tired [at the end of the Alabama game], but we like to focus on flying around to the ball. We were just able to compete hard,” safety Dylan Singleton said on what can carry over from last week. A week after going the whole game without a touchdown, the Blue Devils will face yet another tough defense, as the Aggies surrendered just 14.2 points per contest in 2018. They allowed only 19 rushing yards in their season opener last week. “We heard a stat today that they really haven’t even given up 23 points dating back a couple seasons now,” Duke quarterback

Eric Wei | Sports Photography Editor

Josh Blackwell and the Duke secondary should have an easier task this week.

Quentin Harris said. “They’re a very wellcoached team and very talented. We definitely have our work cut out for us. They’ve played FBS opponents really well over the last couple of years as well.” Two of N.C. A&T’s best players are in their linebacking corps, with preseason All-MEAC selection Antoine Wilder and experienced Fort Scott transfer Alex Fumbah. With so much talent in the box, Harris may look to air the ball out more against a secondary that lost three of their top four interception leaders from last season. “Systematically, they’re as good as I’ve seen,” Cutcliffe said. “[Washington] has been around the game a good while. He has a system defensively that they believe in. Their offense matches and compliments their defense and their kicking game is outstanding.” While some aspects of their kicking game, like punter Michael Rivers, are some of the best in the MEAC, their field goal kicking leaves something to be desired. Junior kicker Noel Ruiz has only connected on 58.3 percent of his field goals coming into this season and has missed 11 career extra-points. The North Carolina native does have quite the leg however, as he nailed a game-winning 54-yarder to beat Elon last week. The true test of a program is its ability to lose its star players and continue to win. Washington has proven that he can lead the Aggies to a championship, but now he’ll get the chance to show if he can continue a dynasty.

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VOLLEYBALL FROM PAGE 7 Luckily for Duke, the Blue Devils’ aggressive attack pulled through, giving Duke the first set point as well as seemingly the momentum for the rest of the evening. “It was limiting errors,” Owokoniran said about turning around the Blue Devils’ troubled first set. “Our last match was against Stanford, which is a top-tier team. It’s a little hard to play against teams that are not top tier and keep that consistency level. We need to play our own game, be consistent, and be true to ourselves.” Coming into the second frame, the Blue Devils’ young core of middle blockers looked like a completely new unit. Although Cooper held the fort down with a solid .357 hitting percentage and seven kills, freshman Lizzie Fleming looked like she had the yips through the first set, putting up just two kills and two errors on nine attempts. However, as the San Francisco native found her groove, the young Blue Devil proved why she is one of the most explosive attackers on Duke’s roster. After Owokoniran launched a missile through the 49er blockers to start the Blue Devils’ decisive run, Duke’s defense clamped down to force Charlotte into major misplays, with Fleming earning five more kills through the final two sets. Fittingly, the freshman middle blocker was the one to put the exclamation mark on set two, smoking the 49ers libero with a massive spike to put the frame away. “Lizzie and Lily—the Leles as we call them—are so amazing at what they do and they’re getting better every day,” Owokoniran said. “I’m really proud of them and the whole team as well.”

The final set was more of the same, as the Blue Devils took their earlier momentum and ran with it, committing just three errors and never leaving the set in question. Duke will look to build on these victories with three non-conference opponents rounding out this weekend’s Duke Invitational. The Blue Devils’ emphatic win against Charlotte proved that Duke has the pieces of a lethal offense, but the question is whether the Blue Devils will make the pieces fit and avoid a jumbled mess.

Eric Wei | Sports Photography Editor

Ade Owokoniran energized the Blue Devils against Charlotte.

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of his own. “Like in most circumstances with [running] backs, everybody’s been beat up at some point,” Cutcliffe said. “You’re going to need all three of them. I think [Durant] is an outstanding, big-time back. He certainly needs to play. To keep all three healthy and play all three will be to our advantage.” The now trio will be up against an Aggie defense that, while obviously not even remotely in the same conversation as the Crimson Tide, has been successful in its own right. North Carolina A&T (1-0) did not allow more than 23 points in a game last season, keeping opponents under 20 points on eight different occasions. That defense is led by redshirt junior defensive back Mac McCain III, arguably the best HBCU prospect in the 2020 NFL Draft. The two-time All-American would only add to the impressive list of recent NFL talent for the Aggies, who this past spring already became the only FCS program with players drafted in three consecutive years, including Chicago Bears running back Tarik Cohen in 2016. Speaking of the offensive end, North Caolina A&T has undergone some major reconstruction from last season. Quarterback Lamar Raynard, the 2017 MEAC Player of the Year, is gone, with Kylil Carter taking his place under center. The graduate student completed 16-of-27 passes for 193 yards and two scores in the Aggies’ 24-21 week one win over Elon. Duke enters this Saturday as heavy Eric Wei | Sports Photography Editor favorites, similar to how Alabama entered its Mataeo Durant was a surprise contributor The New Yorkthe Times lastCorporation week, tallying seven carries. own matchup against BlueSyndication Devils. ButSales 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 For Information Call: 1-800-972-3550 For For Release Release Thursday, Tuesday, September September 3, 5, 2019 2019

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rather than just taking it easy, Cutcliffe believes his players can learn a thing or two from their week one opponents. “We played hard, there’s no question,” Cutcliffe said of his team’s performance against the Crimson Tide. “You know what was interesting? [Alabama] played harder. If there’s a lesson learned, that’s it. That’s what really great football teams do, is that you find a way to play harder than your opponent no matter how hard they play. And if we take that challenge and we really absorb that...that’s the game, that’s where it lives.”

FROM PAGE 7

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Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 7,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year). Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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10 | THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019

Scoot aside, mass transit?

The Community Editorial Board is fully independent However, the arrival of scooters deserves critical of the editorial staff of The Chronicle. scrutiny, as they are the University’s latest contribution to the ongoing conversation about access. Realistically, few n its 95th academic year, the gothic campus students will go more than a couple of miles off-campus has been revived with the common sights on the glorified toys, limiting their practical value. Per of students braving the lines during the University guidelines, scooters will not operate in high claustrophobic West Union lunch hours and falling volume areas, and riders must adhere to a series of back into their caffeine-sustained work routines. New safety protocols. Yet you’d be hard pressed to see anyone wearing a helmet or even obeying traffic laws, and injuries have already proved themselves common. There are also physical accessibility concerns as their use is limited for able-bodied people traveling a short distance with a very light load. From an economic standpoint, although the cost may seem relatively insignificant for some, it can be among these usual sightings are the electric scooters a significant accumulative cost for others, resulting in a dotted across campus following approval from Duke stratification of use. and the City of Durham over the summer. The use of scooters, especially in tandem with nearly Scooters admittedly hold some merit—especially 700 students moving from Central to West, seems when the trip is short. The baseline price and cost per symptomatic of how West Campus may have been distance traveled on a scooter are much cheaper than pushed beyond its carrying capacity. This has brought to popular ride-share services. Scooters, when parked the forefront the chronic transportation issues at Duke. properly, decrease the volume of traffic. Getting to It’s the second week of classes, and students have already those hard-to-reach places has become easier for raised concerns about how buses are more packed, people on campus whose needs are excluded from sidewalks are more cramped and Blue Zone spaces are limited bus routes. Beyond Duke, scooters could frustratingly scarce. Duke has an obligation to provide potentially improve mobility in low-income areas. students with reliable transportation between campuses and has the funds. This historic centralization of nonfirst-year students provided the perfect opportunity for Duke to recommit to a sustainable, accessible vision for public transportation. Instead, the only immediate action from upper administration was the mere addition of an extra East-West route. Beyond students, getting around Duke and Durham “The best part of the pizza is the crust.” has become a nuisance at best and impossible at worst for many students, staff, faculty, and residents. Faculty face —Nathan Luzum, Managing Editor on September 4, similar hurdles with transportation on and off campus. 2019. The latest University estimates reveal that 16 percent of Duke’s total emissions are the result of employees commuting to and from campus. Hidden in that alarming statistic is the fact that 80 percent of employees drive to work individually and that, compared to figures

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e’re two weeks into the semester, which means you’ve probably had the “how was your summer?” conversation dozens of times now. But this question is more than seasonal small talk. It’s an appraisal.

Phone: (919) 684-2663 Fax: (919) 684-4696

Rebecca Torrence COLUMNIST

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JAKE SATISKY, Editor DEREK SAUL, Sports Editor STEFANIE POUSOULIDES, News Editor NATHAN LUZUM, KATHRYN SILBERSTEIN, Managing Editors LEXI KADIS, Senior Editor MICHAEL MODEL, Digital Strategy Director MARY HELEN WOOD, CHARLES YORK, Photography Editor LEAH ABRAMS, Editorial Page Editor NINA WILDER, Recess Editor CHRISSY BECK, General Manager CONNER MCLEOD, Sports Managing Editor CARTER FORINASH, University News Editor MATTHEW GRIFFIN, University News Editor PRIYA PARKASH, University News Editor MONA TONG, Local & National News Editor ROSE WONG, Local & National News Editor MARIA MORRISON, Health & Science News Editor EMILY QIN, News Photography Editor ERIC WEI, Sports Photography Editor MICHELLE TAI , Features Photography Editor AARON ZHAO, Features Photography Editor MIHIR BELLAMKONDA, Editorial Page Managing Editor MAX LABATON, Editorial Page Managing Editor SELENA QIAN, Graphics Editor BRE BRADHAM, Video Editor

Your summer, according to Duke

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BEN LEONARD, Towerview Editor JAKE SHERIDAN, Towerview Managing Editor WILL ATKINSON, Recess Managing Editor MIRANDA GERSHONI, Recess Managing Editor JAEWON MOON, Editorial Board Chair OLIVIA SIMPSON, Editorial Board Chair BRE BRADHAM, Investigations Editor BEN LEONARD, Investigations Editor SHAGUN VASHISTH, Investigations Editor BRE BRADHAM, Recruitment Chair SHAGUN VASHISTH, Recruitment Chair MAYA ISKANDARANI, Senior News Reporter JOHN MARKIS, Senior News Reporter TREY FOWLER, Advertising Director JULIE MOORE, Creative Director

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from 2007, the average employee lives an added 3 miles away from campus. Once on campus, Duke employees struggle to find parking close to their workplace—if they can find it at all. As noted, this is not Duke’s first public transportation-related faux pas. Questions about the future of the Robertson Express exposed Duke’s convoluted relationship with on-campus public transit systems. Last year’s decision to not be involved in GoTriangle’s light rail left many students, at best, confused and, at worst, enraged. The lack of funding from Duke nearly killed the Bull City Connector—the fare-free bus that connects students, employees, and University and Hospital visitors between Duke Hospital and Downtown Durham. Instead, the University now funds a private shuttle from campus to its downtown properties—an exclusive service only available to those with a valid DukeCard. Duke’s recent history indicates a move away from publicly accessible bus routes and toward intimate, private transportation methods. What the University needs at this moment is greater commitment to comprehensive and sustainable public transportation, not a yuppie trend. So far, there are plans to add two electric buses to its fleet by 2020 and reach carbon-neutrality by 2024. But there is much more ground to cover, and the only intuitive solution for navigating our community comes via an expansion of Duke’s public transportation services. On campus, this means an overhaul of the bus system to adapt to changing campus demands. It means expanding parking options in sustainable ways (no more flat lots, please). It means an urgent pivot to environmentally sustainable ways to navigate campus without an added cost to users. In the community, it looks like refunding projects like the Bull City Connector or collaboratively reimagining what city-wide transportation could look like. When the opportunity arises, the University must rise to the occasion and demonstrate a greater commitment to sustainability, inclusivity and accessibility, which can’t be achieved with electric scooters.

At Duke, we’re taught to make every summer meaningful. Not necessarily meaningful for ourselves—meaningful for our careers. Our anxieties about being “successful enough” underlie part of this pressure. But the part that feels the most stifling is the judgment from others. Yesterday, my boyfriend remarked that we tend to evaluate the impressiveness of our peers’ summers on a scale. At the top, with ten out of tenpoints, are high-paying internships with powerful companies in cities like New York or San Francisco. If you know someone who worked at Google this summer—or if you are that someone— you’re familiar with the unending praise these jobs elicit. We recognize that these summer jobs may lead to future prominence in that person’s field. Thus, they deserve our pride, jealousy, and insecurity all at once. Then there are the unpaid internships. Again, better if with a well-known company—but throwing around terms like “think tank” and “start-up” may distract your listener just enough to impress them, bumping you up a point or two. Did you work in STEM or policy? Were you in a big city? If not, and especially if the internship was in your hometown, you’re unlikely to be perceived as a threat. But if you can show off just enough to induce mild feelings of fear and inferiority, you’re golden. Jobs in the service industry lie towards the bottom of the scale. We don’t recognize the time spent as a waitress or working the counter at Macy’s to be meaningful because they seem unlikely to affect an individual’s chances at their ideal job or grad school. When he wasn’t on a ship shadowing Naval officers, my boyfriend was a lifeguard at the pool five minutes from his house. If he kept his NROTC activities out of the conversation, he estimates his summer would be ranked a two out of ten.

Whether we acknowledge it or not, we all size each other up based on our achievements. Not because we want to judge others—but because we want to know where we stand. We want, as always, to feel that we are good enough. Success is relative, so we define our worth by comparison. I didn’t realize just how pointless this all was until a few days ago in conversation with a friend. Her summer plans fell through, so she spent three months at home—a choice virtually unheard of at Duke. She didn’t scramble to find a new addition to her resume, but instead focused on relaxing and spending time with her family. What really struck me was her justification: “When will I ever have the opportunity again to simply be with the people I care about?” The answer: probably never. We are all so anxious to get ahead that we never stop to think about what we might be leaving behind. If we never give ourselves a day off to just enjoy our lives, why should we be surprised when, one day, we can’t enjoy anything? Several of my friends spent a sizable portion of their summers stressing about return offers and future internships. I’ll admit I fell into this trap myself—a consequence of the pressure to “set myself up for success.” Yet when we constantly worry about what might come next instead of enjoying the opportunities we have been given, we inhibit our ability to learn, grow, and connect with those around us. Not only will those factors be some of the primary contributors to our future career success, they also determine whether or not, at the end of the day, we feel fulfilled. And we’ll never truly be able to make the most of our experiences if we dedicate all our time to chasing Duke’s absurd standards of success. As talks about summer escapades finally come to a close, I encourage you to reflect on what your summer meant to you. Not to your friends, your family, or to Duke—but to you. And if I ever ask you about your summer, know this: I’ll take that story over your elevator pitch any day. Rebecca Torrence is a Trinity junior. Her column runs on alternate Thursdays.

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REPARATIONS FROM PAGE 1 2016, nor did it prompt official recognition of institutional complicity in slavery and segregation. Further bound up in a place built by and for white men, as the editorial named, was the marginalization and total exclusion of LGBTQ+ communities, women, low-income and disabled students, workers, faculty, and staff. While the University’s maintenance of anti-Black racism and economic inequality is central, these forms of violence remain linked. This legacy demands the university’s acknowledgement of its complicated past; it demands that Duke remedy these harms. In other words, Duke must reckon with the question of reparations. Communities and institutions across the world are contending with violent, uncomfortable histories and the inequality they produced. National political conversations about reparations have exploded, sparking testimony on Capitol Hill and finding a place in the platforms of Democratic presidential candidates as politicians figure out how to address centurieslong enslavement, lynching, Jim Crow segregation and the plundering of African American communities. Writers, scholars, and activists are challenging our collective consciousness, too— the New York Times’ 1619 Project, the Equal Justice Initiative’s memorial to the victims of lynching, and movements like the Poor People’s Campaign and Black Lives Matter insist we correct our incomplete historical narrative. Higher education is not immune either. Furman University, the University of Glasgow and Georgetown University have all excavated their ties to slavery and the international slave trade, implementing multi-million dollar reparations policies of their own. Duke itself has taken some initial steps to confront its entanglement in white supremacy. In August 2017, the toppling of the Confederate statue in downtown Durham quickly forced the administration to remove the Robert E. Lee statue from the entrance to the Chapel and form a Commission on Memory and History. A little over a year later, the university removed the violent white supremacist Julian Carr’s name from a building on East Campus after pressure from People’s State of the University and the Duke History Department, encouraged by the efforts of activists at UNC to topple Silent Sam. Just this past summer, President Price announced a new Advisory Committee on Institutional History to “engage with and learn from Duke’s history” while Dean Valerie Ashby announced a four million dollar investment into African, Asian American

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019 | 11

and Latinx studies faculty. The Carolina Times reminds us, however, that dethroning Lee and Carr must lead us to grapple with an enduring and more profound set of injustices. The Duke Human Rights Center’s “Activating History for Justice at Duke” report brilliantly chronicles a history we too often ignore—that our longest serving president, Braxton Craven, owned slaves; that Trinity

Every day we sanitize our institution’s history we compound the consequences that will surely become its legacy.

Gino Nuzzolillo columnist

College students organized a militia to support the Confederate cause; that Washington Duke, too, owned an enslaved person named Caroline and rented another named Jim before he and his sons built a tobacco empire that consigned Black workers to the most difficult, lowest-paid jobs, all the while ensuring they would never receive the benefits of the education their labor made possible. Modern Duke has fought the unionization for labor rights of mostly Black and brown university and hospital workers, played a role in the destruction wrought in lowincome Black communities by the Durham Freeway, and has driven rising rents and displacement of poor families through property acquisitions. This history, only briefly summarized here, has consequences. It manifests systemically in racist slurs scrawled in safe spaces for Black students, white supremacist propaganda slapped onto campus benches, and a noose hung on the Bryan Center Plaza. This history fueled controversy over the light rail, created a

hostile working environment in the Parking and Transportation Office, subjected housekeepers to unfair, disruptive changes in work schedules and hastened gentrification. Lastly, though not finally, it remains etched into our built environment where white men are vastly overrepresented in statues, memorials and building names. Every day we sanitize our institution’s history we compound the consequences that will surely become its legacy. We maintain a Duke that is fundamentally unsafe and unjust, that fails in its responsibility to provide a welcoming educational environment and ensure the material well-being of its surrounding community. Duke especially fails those who still live, study and work in spite of a university built by and for white men—a historical fact overdue for correction. I don’t pretend to know the full scope of a reparations program that accounts for such overwhelming violence. Reparations can be about money, memorialization, changes to admissions policies or faculty hiring or a topic we haven’t yet considered. Or it can be all of these things. But we first need a historically accurate and far more robust conversation about reparations which involves all of our community members, and, given those most impacted, does not center my perspective nor those similarly privileged. My purpose in writing this is to argue that expanding this conversation is urgent—from the boardrooms at the Washington Duke to the study alcoves tucked away in Keohane’s dorms. If we can accept reparations as a moral and practical necessity, we can ensure a future strikingly different from our past. Five years from now, the university will mark the 100th anniversary of James B. Duke’s gift transforming Trinity College into Duke University. Before then, it has some old ghosts to settle. The Duke case for reparations is clear—a process of official acknowledgement, historical excavation and material investment that President Price’s new Advisory Committee can set into motion. More importantly, however, we must craft the framework in which we assert the moral responsibility of reparations, a responsibility we’ve inherited as beneficiaries of stolen wealth, persecution and exclusion and as members of a community where poverty, housing instability and precarious labor conditions remain entrenched. Perhaps historical clarity will permanently displace deeply-rooted, persuasive myths of a nimble, innovative and progressive Duke, and free us to do the hard, slow work brought forth by a long-overdue reckoning. Gino Nuzzolillo is a Trinity senior. His column runs on alternate Thursdays. Gino encourages you to read the Duke Human Rights Center’s “Activating History for Justice at Duke” report and wants to pay special thanks to the authors for their wonderful research and writing.

Take it from me, a psychiatrist: Duke has a serious sexual assault problem

elcome to Duke, both new and returning students. Before you arrived, you watched a video training about sexual assault; you will get talks

Mindy Oshrain GUEST COLUMN

about alcohol and drugs, too. You may have taken it seriously, or you may have texted with friends, scrolled through your Insta account or watched some Netflix at the same time. You may have experienced some of the things they described before coming to Duke. Or, you may not think it will happen to you. I am a psychiatrist in Durham, and have worked in proximity to Duke for over 30 years. During that time, I have treated numerous Duke students who were sexually assaulted, many by other Duke students. The harmful impact of those assaults is often both life altering and life long. Some had to leave Duke, unable to continue because of depression or panic attacks after the incident, others were hospitalized for suicidal thoughts. Some never told anyone, at the risk of losing their entire friend group, because their attacker was an integral part of it. As unique as each person is, so are the stories of their assaults and resultant suffering. A survey published in the Chronicle last year showed that 48.5 percent of female students and

13.5 percent of male students reported a sexual assault during their time at Duke. These are

a party with someone, thinking that you’ll just kind of fool around but not have sex, that when

The harmful impact of those assaults is often both life altering and lifelong. MindyOshrain

Durham-based psychiatrist

staggering numbers, and data shows that sexual assault is typically underreported. All of you are smart, or you wouldn’t be here. Here is some science to ponder. Duke professor Dan Ariely did a profoundly intriguing, disturbing study about the effect of sexual arousal on judgment and sexual decision making in college age men. The results are stunning. For example, sexual arousal increased willingness to engage in morally questionable sexual behavior such as drugging women to have sex and continuing to try to have sex even after a date says, “no.” Alcohol and sexual arousal also impacts the decision making capacity of women. When they want to make friends, are in a new place, are feeling insecure. There is the choice to leave

you’ll say no, they will listen. The other critical neurologic inflection point is when the midbrain enters “freeze” mode rather than fight or flight mode you learned about in biology. Like possums playing dead when threatened, like the gazelle caught by the lion, our brains can also release a flood of neurotransmitters in a dangerous situation, so that we don’t feel ourselves being harmed, raped or eaten alive, as in the case of said gazelle. It’s an adaptive mechanism, at times. I have worked with so many students who described being unable to escape, either because their assaulter was stronger, because they felt ashamed or felt that they had invited this, or most frequently, because they had entered this dissociative

state. “I couldn’t cry out,” “I just lay there waiting for it to be over,” “I had said no and he didn’t listen and I couldn’t move,” are themes I hear repeatedly. They then hold the trauma in their bodies, experiencing a lifetime of anxiety, depression, hypervigilance or other symptoms of PTSD. These students spend time and money on treatment, if they are fortunate to have access and resources and make the choice to do so. The perpetrators are often unaware that they have caused this, as confrontation or disclosure is risky for many reasons. If I can prevent even one assault by writing this, it will be worth it. Look out for your friends. Don’t trust anyone you don’t know. We make the assumption that if they are a Duke student, they are trustworthy. I have seen several women who were raped by the guy who offered to walk them home from a party so they would be safe. It’s wrong, but it happens. If you see a friend who has had too much to drink leaving a party or Shooters, with someone else who is also drunk, intervene. Don’t worry about hurting feelings; drama is better than a lifetime of trauma. If you see someone taking an intoxicated woman to a room at a party, speak up. All of this happens all too frequently, at Duke, as elsewhere on college campuses. Let’s make Duke a safer place for all. Mindy Oshrain, M.D. is a Durham-based psychiatrist and a Consulting Associate in the Duke University Department of Psychiatry.

12 | THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2019

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