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Blue Devils seek fifth win

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Police use of force in question after tasing incident Neelesh Moorthy The Chronicle The debate about excessive police force has hit close to home—at a grocery store near East Campus. At approximately 5 p.m. last Wednesday, the Durham Police Department responded to a trespassing call at the Harris Teeter on Hillsborough Road, according to a statement issued by the DPD. After Deonte Holder—a 24-yearold Durham resident—refused to leave the premises, officers attempted to place Holder under arrest and “after several warnings were forced to deploy a Taser in an attempt to safely gain custody of him,” the statement said. Holder was subsequently “arrested and charged with trespassing and resisting, delaying and obstructing an officer” and the incident is currently being reviewed by the DPD’s Professional Standards Division, “which is standard procedure any time an officer deploys a Taser,” the statement noted. Witnesses to the incident have questioned whether the police acted appropriately in using force to subdue Holder. Adrienne Harreveld, Trinity ‘14, wrote in an email that she was concerned about DPD’s conduct. “It all seemed a bit extreme,” wrote Harreveld, a former columnist for The Chronicle and currently program coordinator at Duke’s Research Network on Racial and Ethnic Inequality. “None of them were found with any stolen goods and no security footage indicated they had stolen anything. [Holder] was up-

Chronicle File Photo A 24-year old Durham resident was tased at the Harris Teeter near Ninth Street last Wednesday, raising questions about excessive police force.

set, sort of yelling asking what he did wrong, but a taser was not at all necessary. The officer didn’t even search him before he tased him.” Kammie Michael, DPD public information officer, confirmed that Holder was not charged with possession of stolen goods. Holder has been released from prison after his bail was paid. In her explanation of the incident, based partly on a conversation with three of Holder’s friends, Harreveld wrote

that “four young black men between the ages of 19-24” had entered the store to buy hamburgers for a nearby cookout sometime before she entered. Based on her account, the store manager asked one of the four men to leave—and he did—but the other three stayed and continued shopping. When the police arrived and told the three they would be arrested for trespassing, two of the men decided to leave but the third, Holder, was eventually tased and

arrested. When Harreveld walked into the store at about 5 p.m., she saw “one of the young men”—one of the two who had decided to leave—“being handcuffed in the vestibule entrance,” but that “the officer stopped handcuffing the man and told him to leave the store.” Harreveld then walked to the produce section, at which point she saw See HARRIS TEETER on Page 5

DSGRU seeks concrete results in second year Kenrick Cai The Chronicle

Brittany Day | The Chronicle DSG Executive Vice President John Guarco is hoping for more results from DSGRU this year.

The Duke Student Government Research Unit is looking to improve its reputation among the administration and the student body alike during its second year. Created a year ago under the auspices of then-DSG Executive Vice President Abhi Sanka, a senior, DSGRU uses quantitative data to tackle a number of campus questions proposed by the DSG Senate. During its first year of operation, DSGRU’s contributions were limited as its work was temporarily halted by administrators over data confidentiality concerns.

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Under the leadership of DSG Executive Vice President John Guarco, a junior, and DSGRU Co-Directors Julio Cesar, a senior, and Ethan Levine, a junior, DSGRU will attempt to improve upon the basic framework established last year. “Last year was about starting something,” Cesar said. “This year you will be able to measure its effectiveness. You will see it.” The unit met a number of challenges in establishing itself in its first year. As a new organization, DSGRU needed to establish connections with the administration and with faculty. Sanka credits former DSGRU director Kshipra Hemal, a senior, for building “a lot of relationships with campus stakeholders, the relevant ad-

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ministrators and relevant heads of departments.” “They’ve gotten to know people and become acquainted with the restrictions,” Director of Institutional Research David Jamieson-Drake, whose office works with DSGRU in conducting research, said. “My expectation is that it should go more smoothly this year because they’ve learned their way around.” A few months into its creation, administrators temporarily halted the unit’s work after they concerns about the legality and confidentiality of the data being collected. Although DSGRU was eventually given the green light to proceed, the issues con-

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Students and alumni frequent Former fighter pilot, Duke prof LinkedIn for networking Missy Cummings talks drones former Duke students with LinkedIn profiles. Those statistics indicate the The Chronicle growing presence of LinkedIn within the Duke community—a microcosm Although social networks such as of the professional world, which is inFacebook and Twitter dominate the creasingly concerned with the immedidaily lives of Duke students, LinkedIn has recently carved out a role as the acy of information and the reputation of employees. professional network of choice. Since LinkedIn launched in 2003, the site Duke’s LinkedIn presence shows few signs of fading. The Duke University has witnessed massive growth and now Alumni Network continues to grow has more than 300 million members in as new graduating classes enter the more than 200 countries, according to job market and search for connecthe website. More than 30,000 of those tions through Duke. are members of the Duke University Alumni Network, a group that allows for “Especially after graduation, we’ll get a the development of professional relation- hundred new members a week asking to join,” said Sarah Baker, senior ships among alumni, faculty, staff and program coordinator for campus current students. A more general search for Duke alumni—through the site’s con- engagement and owner of the LinkedIn nections tab—reveals more than 73,000 See LINKEDIN on Page 5

Ian Jaffe

Graphic by Carolyn Sun | The Chronicle

Jake Parker

The Chronicle Missy Cummings is a professor in the department of mechanical engineering and director of the humans and autonomy lab at Duke. As one of the first female Navy fighter pilots, Cummings has an intimate knowledge of aviation and the military, which she continues to incorporate in her research into human-technology interactions, as well as in her work on drone policy. The Chronicle’s Ian Jaffe sat down with her to discuss her experience and current drone policy issues.

psychology, some brain science, but I also do more traditional human factors engineering, building drones, which is mechanical engineering, and also electrical and computer engineering. I spend a significant amount of time looking at how to advance automation— how when you take a complex system and put more autonomy into that system, how do you need to design the system to work with—or in the presence of—humans? I am a human advocate in a very technical system.

TC: What would you say are the most important social or ethical implications The Chronicle: As one of the first of technology development, particularly female Navy fighter pilots, did you with human-technology interactions? feel that you were doing something MC: It really depends on the groundbreaking? technology, but perhaps the biggest Missy Cummings: Oh yeah, it was ones we see when we are talking about clear. It was hard, because none of the guys would speak to me. I think it is See CUMMINGS on Page 12 hard to realize because it is 2015—but we are talking about 20 years ago, and guys were very bitter that women were forced on them by Congress. It took an act of law to make that happen, so they were very resentful. And [the pushback] is one of the reasons I left. You know, I loved flying, and I loved the fighter-bomber mission, but it was just not a very fulfilling social environment.

Q & A

TC: How would you describe your current work? Is there a unifying theme in your work? MC: The unifying theme is that I am Special to The Chronicle looking at the intersection of human Missy Cummings was one of the first interaction with technology. It’s very female Navy fighter pilots and is now a interdisciplinary, because I do some professor at Duke.

Get a Job! A reception for the Triangle’s energy community Join former Duke Energy CEO Jim Rogers to learn more about the Energy Access Project and his campaign to bring electricity to the 1.2 billion people in the world who now live without it. Jim will sign copies of his new book, Lighting the World, until 6 p.m. Then come out to the Gross Hall portico for barbecue at our annual kick-off Energy Mix! 5-7 p.m. Tuesday, Sept. 15 Suite 102 and Southwest Portico, Gross Hall

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ADPhi controversy through the years “Is this why you came to Duke?” on the paper before making copies and distributing them around campus.

Claire Ballentine The Chronicle

4. ADPhi was admitted to the Interfraternity Council in April 2013 after being unaffiliated with Duke for several years. The fraternity was initially denied admittance to the IFC in a private hearing but later signed a one-year probationary agreement and was recognized by the University.

Alpha Delta Phi fraternity remains suspended following allegations of sexual assault at an offcampus party in January, confirmed Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations. Durham District Attorney Roger Echols announced July 2 that no charges would be filed after the Durham Police Department investigated the fraternity. Here is a recap of some of the previous controversy also connected to the fraternity. Members of the fraternity did not respond to multiple requests for comment: 1. ADPhi was originally chartered on Duke’s campus as Sigma Alpha Epsilon but was expelled from the national fraternity in 2002 for violating rules involving risk management like hazing and illegal alcohol use. The chapter was immediately disaffiliated from Duke and moved off campus, adopting the name Delta Phi Alpha. Four years later, the fraternity was adopted by Alpha Delta Phi as part of the national organization’s effort to expand to more elite institutions. 2. In 2003, Duke student Nora Kantor—a junior at the time—charged senior James Thompson in a civil suit with civil assault, civil battery, infliction of emotional distress and civil seduction. Thompson was a member of the SAE, the group that would later become ADPhi. Kantor claimed that Thompson “wrongfully seduced and debauched her... through persuasion, deception, enticement and artifice” at an SAE Christmas party in 2001. At the time, Kantor noted several reported incidents of acquaintance rape, alcohol violations and other problems involving Duke’s

Graphic by Dottie Kontopoulos | The Chronicle

SAE chapter. She also claimed that “it was widely related among female students at Duke that the acronym ‘SAE’ stood for ‘Sexual Assault Expected.’” 3. In 2010, the group—which was known at that time as Alpha Delta Phi but was an off-

campus fraternity—sent a crude email inviting women to their Halloween party. The message included that line, “Fear is riding the C1 with Helen Keller at the helm (not because shes [sic] deaf and blind, but because she is a woman).” The email ignited controversy on campus when someone printed out the email and wrote,

5. From January 2015 until July, the Durham Police Department investigated a female freshman’s claim that she was drugged and raped the evening of Jan. 8 after a party at ADPhi’s house on West Chapel Hill Street. The student alleged that she woke up the morning of Jan. 9 with little memory of the night before. She said she was in a t-shirt she did not recognize without the bra or underwear she had been wearing the previous night. On Jan. 9, a rape kit was collected at Duke University Medical Center because the student suspected that she may have been the victim of nonconsensual sex. Search warrants showed that police obtained the phone records and DNA samples of six male students—three freshmen and three seniors—who were, at the time, affiliated with ADPhi. The phone records indicated that the female student left the Jan. 8 party with a senior in the fraternity around 3:30 a.m. After being taken to his apartment, she was returned to her dorm room approximately an hour later. On July 2, Echols announced that after “an extensive and thorough investigation” his office had determined it would not seek an indictment charging any subject of the investigation with a criminal offense.

DKU Spring Semester Info Session China is center-stage in today's economy and Duke students have a unique opportunity to study at Duke's university in China: Duke Kunshan University. Select from a variety of humanities and science courses; all classes are in English and Mandarin is not required. Spring semester applications are due October 1!

Wednesday, September 16 at 5pm in 101 Allen Building Free Food and Giveaways!

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Duke EMS to offer CPR classes for students Grace Wang The Chronicle Duke Emergency Medical Services is preparing an initiative to improve campus awareness on cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the help of the Duke Heart Center. Last Tuesday night, a cardiac arrest incident was reported at Perkins Library—the first at Duke in six years according to statistics collected by Duke EMS. Although cardiac arrests account for less than one percent of calls received by the student-run first responder service, it is still a high-priority incident that warrants campus attention, said Duke EMS Director Chris Endo, a senior. “In the past 10 to 12 years, there [were] incidents where several cardiac arrests happened on campus,” Endo said. “However, there has never been any effort by the University to promote CPR training.” Recently, Duke EMS reached out to cardiologists at the Medical Center and the Duke Heart Center to partner on the CPR awareness initiative. The initiative will feature 20-to30-person classes open to Duke students, instructing them on how to perform hands-only CPR. Equipment for these courses will be provided by the Duke Heart Center Community Outreach and Education Program. Duke EMS has previously part-

nered with the Duke Heart Center to offer training sessions to corporate employers in the Triangle area, as well as Duke Human Resources and groups of resident assistants on campus. “Almost 80 percent of cardiac arrests occur at home or work and are witnessed by family, friends and coworkers—the community needs to be ready to act if they see someone collapse in cardiac arrest,” said Leatrice Martin Short, director for the Duke Heart Center Community Outreach and Education Program. “Through this strategic initiative, students serve as trained volunteers in teaching the fundamentals of compression-only CPR. This expands our reach and ultimately saves lives.” Endo added that unlike conventional CPR certification classes, these courses, taught by Duke EMTs and cardiologists, will emphasize hands-only CPR—also known as bystander CPR. Bystander CPR doubles the survival rates for patients suffering from cardiac arrests, according to a 2011 study in the New England Journal of Medicine. “Community education is a really powerful tool,” Endo said. “We encourage students to attend these classes, and hopefully they will be able to help when they witness cardiac arrests—until professional responders [arrive on the scene].” Although cardiac arrest is low-frequency compared to many other emergencies—including nausea, which

Chronicle File Photo Although cardiac arrest is not a frequent source of calls for Duke EMS, the organization is preparing classes on how to perform CPR.

accounted for nine percent of calls during the 2014-15 academic year—it is considered to be a high priority by Duke EMS, Endo noted. The average response time by Duke EMS for all types of accidents is four and a half minutes, but protocols have been developed to shorten response time and maximize patient’s survival rates in high-priority incidents. The

program may lower that time further because trained students will be able to help. “It’s important because cardiac arrests can happen to anyone anytime,” Endo said. “Having someone on the spot who can start doing chest compressions right away can easily increase [the patient’s] chance of survival by 10 percent.”

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LINKEDIN from page 2 group. Baker, Trinity ‘13, said the LinkedIn network for Duke alumni and the connections functionality—which allows for detailed searches of former Duke students—are invaluable tools for students looking to explore the career paths of alumni and possibly make a professional connection. The LinkedIn think pretty network and the various much other social everyone in this networking avbuilding uses enues available LinkedIn. are important — Logan Besuden resources for students to creon Fuqua’s Fox ate a reputation and develop a substantial professional presence, said Cameo Hartz, associate director for graduate student career services at the Career Center. “Reputation is really important, whether it be personal, professional, with your friends, your family—and social networks are a way to have your reputation precede you or exist in a way that people can see and understand, even having never met you,” Hartz said. She added that while LinkedIn may be the foremost professional social network, niche networks like GitHub are also effective resources for getting involved in communities that focus on specific professions. LinkedIn offers a certain amount of specificity as well. One feature of the

connections tab allows users to look at collected statistics about the majors, skills, professions and employers of alumni with profiles. Duke’s statistics indicate that, with 9,696 members, economics majors are the most populous demographic, while those who studied medicine only account for 1,279 of the alumni on LinkedIn—a conspicuous misrepresentation of the actual demographics of Duke students. Hartz explained that certain professional communities simply have less use for LinkedIn than others. “I work with Master’s and Ph.D. students, and academics may be less likely to be on LinkedIn than perhaps other populations because of the nature of their work,” Hartz said. At the Fuqua School of Business, there is no shortage of LinkedIn profiles. A simple search of Duke University on the LinkedIn website reveals a large contingency of MBA candidates looking to network and research future employment opportunities. “I think pretty much everyone in this building uses LinkedIn,” said firstyear MBA student Logan Besuden, referring to the Fox Student Center. “When we’re looking at different companies that we might want to work for after we leave and finish our MBAs, it’s a really good way to identify people who we might know who already work there.” Still, many at Duke use LinkedIn

Duke American Red Cross Club Blood Drive Tuesday, September 15th – 11:30 AM-4:30 PM Wednesday, September 16th – 11:30 AM-4:30 PM Thursday, September 17th – 11:30 AM-4:00 PM Bryan Center - Von Canon Rooms

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in a far less employment-oriented manner. Greg Brown—a first year law student—said he is yet to use the social network for employment purposes, but has utilized LinkedIn as a means to connect with friends and acquaintances. But with social networks like Facebook and Twitter retaining their popularity for personal use, LinkedIn will continue to function primarily as a professional tool for the foreseeable future. “I don’t use LinkedIn because it’s not relevant to anything I’m trying to do right now. I’m not trying to

HARRIS TEETER from page 1 “three officers surrounding a young man [Holder] who had his hands up saying ‘Please search me, I didn’t steal anything. I’m not trespassing.’” After turning away, Harreveld wrote that she “heard what was like a clapping sound and saw the man on the ground screaming” and that eventually a DPD supervisor arrived and asked for an ambulance. Michael confirmed that the officer who used the taser was Corporal Dock Culver, who was listed as a victim on the police report, and is on full duty as the PSD investigation continues. After the incident, Harreveld wrote that she spent an hour talking with Holder’s three friends before dropping them off at their cookout. She added that at one point, a man asked Corporal Culver, “What if this was your son?” and that Culver started to yell until

another officer “had to hold him back and tell him to calm down repeatedly.” Other witnesses, however, expressed concern that people should not jump to conclusions about police misconduct. In a comment on a post on the “All Duke” Facebook page, April Ratliff, Trinity ‘15, another witness to the incident and a research associate at Duke’s Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, expressed frustration that people were jumping to conclusions by accusing Harris Teeter or DPD of wrongdoing and added that its important to consider multiple perspectives. “Cops don’t just randomly taze (sic) people who are following the law and cooperating,” she wrote in the comment. “Keep that in mind.” Ratliff said the police were in the store for about 15 minutes before the incident occurred, leading her to believe that the men would have had plenty of warnings— acknowledging however that she did not actually see any police interaction during that time. “I just want people to not be so quick to take sides,” Ratliff said. Danna Robinson, communication manager at Harris Teeter, issued a statement assuring customers that their safety is the store’s highest priority. “While the incident at our Shops at Erwin Mill location was an isolated situation, we take it very seriously and are examining to understand what happened, why it happened, and what we can do about it in the future,” she wrote in an email. “Please know that we invest a lot in advertising to welcome customers into our stores. We would never ask

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THE BLUE ZONE

STOCK WATCH: FIELD HOCKEY TRENDING UP

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TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2015

MEN’S SOCCER

COLUMN

DUKE CLOSES HOMESTAND On the cusp of history Meredith Cash The Chronicle

After tying reigning national champion No. 5 Virginia in their biggest test of the season Friday night, the Blue Devils are set to host UNC Wilmington to wrap up their sixgame homestand. Duke is off to its best start to a campaign in nine years, having gone undefeated through its first five contests for the first time since 2006. UNC Wilmington Now, the Blue Devils will take on the Seahawks vs. at Koskinen Stadium Duke Tuesday at 7 p.m. looking to avenge their TUESDAY, 7 p.m. loss from last season. Koskinen Stadium “They have beaten us the last three times we played them,” Duke head coach John Kerr said. “They are a top team with some good players, so we are very aware of how dangerous and talented they are. It will not be an easy game and we are taking nothing for granted.” Against the Cavaliers Friday, the Blue Devils (4-0-1) went ahead in the first half when sophomore defender Markus Fjørtoft headed a cross into the back of the net for his second goal of the season. Although Virginia quickly retaliated with two goals of its own, Duke was able to rally back with a goal from sophomore striker Jeremy Ebobisse, who leads all scorers with five goals and two assists on the season. Despite the 2-2 draw, the Blue Devils outplayed the Cavaliers and proved themselves as a force to be reckoned with against even the most elite competition. Duke enjoyed a 21-19 shot advantage and took 14 corner kicks—10 more than Virginia. Even

few] goals last season, so for us to not only score two goals on them but [also] create a lot of chances is great.” The Blue Devils have held firm in the defensive third of the field after struggling last season. Duke has held opponents to an average of 10.6 shots and 5.4 corner kicks per game through its opening five contests and has only allowed six goals this season. When compared with the young back line that allowed a conference-high 34 goals in 2014, this year’s defensive improvement—chaired by sophomores

It’s that time of year again. Major League Baseball is dragging through the end of its 162-game season with October just around the corner and National Football League commissioner Roger Goodell is slinking away from a New York courthouse in defeat as the NFL season gets underway. I wonder if he decided to draft Tom Brady on his fantasy team this season? Maybe I am a little cynical about all of this. My Atlanta Braves are 32 games under .500, hopelessly careening down the National League East standings, and Deflategate has left me a little flat. I know, too soon, right? But despite the gaffs in the sporting world that induce moments of headshaking, it has been a great year to be a sports fan because of the numerous flirtations with history on the big stage. Entering the weekend, Serena Williams was just two matches away at the U.S. Open from taking home every major piece of tennis hardware this season. Italian Roberta Vinci had other plans, however, defeating Williams 2-6, 6-4, 6-4 in the semifinals, before losing in straight sets Saturday in the final against Flavia Pennetta. Whether you are a fan or not—either

See M. SOCCER on Page 7

See HISTORY on Page 7

Seth Johnson

Sanjeev Dasgupta | The Chronicle Graduate student Tyler Hilliard has helped solidify the Duke back line, which has allowed just six goals early in the season.

in the most aggressive game they have played this season—with eight total yellow cards doled out between the two sides—the Blue Devils dominated on the defensive end as well. Duke held the Cavaliers without a look at the goal through the first 18 minutes of play. Despite a brief lapse in the last few minutes of the first half and the first few minutes of the second, the back line successfully dismantled a Virginia offense known for its prowess on the counter-attack. “We take a lot of confidence in that performance,” Kerr said. “We were competing against the defending national champions, who are stingy defensively. They gave up [very

WOMEN’S SOCCER

Fit For 90 technology keeps Blue Devils fresh Ryan Hoerger The Chronicle Every morning, the Blue Devils open an app on their phones and spend two minutes inputting their energy levels and any areas of soreness so that the Duke coaching staff can devise a customized practice plan to maximize performance. The technology, Fit For 90, is part of Duke’s new, science-backed approach to training it adopted heading into the season. Adhering to shorter, more intense practices and doing more work off the pitch, the Blue Devils are hoping their new method will pay off by keeping them fresher—and healthier—late into the season. “We had done things a certain way for a long time. They had been successful, but I think they had run their course,”

head coach Robbie Church said. “We knew that we needed to change, but you’re never really sure, especially [with] something new.” After missing the NCAA tournament for the first time since 2002 last season, Church decided to re-evaluate his program. The addition of two new members to the Blue Devil coaching staff ushered in some fresh ideas, including Fit For 90. Assistant coach Erwin van Bennekom and goalkeepers coach Brandon Gwin each had prior experience with the system, Church said, and they teamed with long-time assistant coach Carla Overbeck in convincing him to give it a chance. Created by former Portland Timbers director of sports science John Cone, Fit For 90 gives coaches new insight See FIT FOR 90 on Page 7

Jesús Hidalgo | Chronicle File Photo Sophomore Imani Dorsey missed three games due to a hamstring injury, but the Blue Devils’ use of the Fit For 90 platform has kept their legs fresh heading into ACC play.

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FIT FOR 90 from page 6 into their team’s readiness for action. The software asks players to rate their freshness, mood, stress level, hydration level and sleep, as well as pinpoint exactly which joints and muscles are sore. By sharing the team’s schedule with Cone, Church receives a shell around which to build his practices, adding in the needed tactical work within the specific time constraints designated by the software. “One of the big things that’s never been effectively quantified is how much energy a player has, so the coaches go into training sessions and they’re really blind,” said Cone, a former assistant coach at North Carolina who also holds a Ph.D. in kinesiology. “They don’t know how much have the players have, and how much energy they have really dictates what you can do as a coach.” The Blue Devils are far from the only team to benefit from the Fit For 90 platform. The U.S. Women’s National Team began using it in August 2014 when it began training for this summer’s World Cup, and the app

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fully launched last December. Since then, Fit For 90 has been adopted by several Major League Soccer teams and college teams including Wake Forest and California. The product is also the official monitoring system of two youth leagues and has extended into other sports beyond soccer. Fit For 90 has helped Church create tailored practice plans. Now, he is able to rely on his players’ ratings to gauge their health instead of putting them through a rigorous routine in practice that could grind on the Blue Devils’ legs as the season progresses. “It kind of gives you a skeleton of what to do at practice, and you put in what you need to do within these time limits. It’s scientific-based so you’re not guessing,” Church said. “Instead of doing an activity for 20 minutes and probably eight of those being game-like and the other 12, we’re just trying to get through. Now we’re trying to do eight or nine minutes all at game-like speed.” Using Cone’s planning system has produced practice lengths that run shorter than in prior years, meaning Church has turned to a new method to

keep his team in shape—pool workouts. “I think we’re growing some gills. We’ve been in the pool forever instead of beating the joints out on the field all the time,” Church said. “You look at them and they’re fresher than they have been, there’s less injuries and they’ve enjoyed it. We’ve been on the field a lot less, but they’re fresher.” Sophomore Imani Dorsey—who missed three games due to a strained hamstring before returning Friday at Samford—said that while she was hurt, she spent practices doing the drills she felt well enough to do and sitting out of others. Based on the players’ responses, the coaching staff can customize the number of times each player competes a drill to preserve energy and prevent injury. “During that time you go 100 percent and you go all out,” junior captain Christina Gibbons said. “I think that’s really changed for us— instead of having these long practices where you’re struggling to find energy, everything is quick and intense and hopefully that’s a repetitive habit that we bring out in games.”

HISTORY from page 6

Sanjeev Dasgupta | The Chronicle Goalkeeper Wilson Fisher and the Blue Devils will look to contain UNC Wilmington Tuesday and snap a three-match losing streak against the Seahawks.

M. SOCCER from page 6 Fjørtoft and Kevon Black and graduate transfers Jared Rist and Tyler Hilliard— becomes all the more impressive. “We were going 4-0 through our first four games of the season, and then our first big test was in the ACC against Virginia and I thought we passed that test,” Kerr said. “It’s only our first game [in the ACC], and we have a long way to go, but it was good to see that we could compete at that level with the top teams in the country.” UNC Wilmington (4-0-1) started the year with a scoreless tie against High Point, but has gone on to defeat every other opponent it has faced. The Seahawks blew out their three most recent opponents by at least a four-goal margin and have averaged 3.6 goals while allowing just 0.8 goals per match. Duke’s challenge Friday night will be trying to thwart senior Colin Bonner’s offensive impact for UNC Wilmington. The Fulton, Md., native leads his team with five goals and four assists, and posted the third hat trick of his career in the Seahawks’ 5-1 rout of North Florida Sept. 4. Fellow forward and classmate

Ben Fisher follows close behind Bonner with three goals and three assists of his own. In UNC Wilmington’s most recent contest against South Carolina, Fisher supplied two of the Seahawks’ five goals. “[Bonner] is a tough character and a good player,” Kerr said. “We have to be aware of him at all times and make sure that we have coverage. Whoever is on him has to have someone behind him just in case he gets through. He’s a tough opponent, for sure.” Duke will be coming into this game with a chip on its shoulder, as it fell to UNC Wilmington 2-1 in 2014. Jacob VanCompernolle, who has since graduated, was responsible for both of the Seahawks’ goals in last year’s contest. The Blue Devils— who return eight starters—will be facing a fairly different looking team than the one that beat them last season. Following Tuesday’s matchup, Duke will hit the road to challenge No. 8 Clemson Friday at 7 p.m. The Blue Devils will then travel down Tobacco Road to take on ACC rival No. 3 North Carolina Sept. 25. Seth Johnson contributed reporting.

of tennis or of Williams—the prospect of witnessing that kind of dominance in any sport is exciting. Just one major separated the sporting world from watching the first calendar Grand Slam since Steffi Graf recorded a Golden Slam—the four major titles and the Olympic gold medal—in 1988. Unfortunately, it wasn’t meant to be, but it was exciting while it lasted. Even on the other side of the tournament in the men’s singles, Novak Djokovic was busy wrapping up his third Grand Slam of the year, defeating Roger Federer for the second time in a Grand Slam final this season—the first came at Wimbledon in July. In retrospect, if Djokovic had defeated Stanislas Wawrinka in the French Open final— the only major championship that the Serbian superstar has yet to win—he would have captured the first men’s Grand Slam since 1969. Despite the near misses for the tennis stars, golf fans are keeping their fingers crossed and hoping that they just witnessed the rise of a bright new star to replace the epic collapse of Tiger Woods. Jordan Spieth—the 22-year old phenom from Dallas—took the PGA Tour by storm in 2015. After blowing away the competition at the Masters with an 18-under-par performance that matched Woods’ 72-hole record, Spieth shot five-under-par and held on to win the U.S. Open at Chambers Bay in Tacoma, Wash. With the victory, he became the youngest golfer since Bobby Jones in 1923 to win the U.S. Open. The former All-American at Texas seemed poised to take a third consecutive major tournament at The Open Championship, but a bogey on the 17th hole and a missed birdie putt on the 18th left him one stroke out of a playoff and tied for fourth. Spieth would finish second behind Jason Day at the

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2015 | 7

Special to The Chronicle The Fit For 90 app allows players to indicate their level of soreness at each key muscle and joint, which coaches use to plan practices.

2015 PGA Championship, which earned him the No. 1 world ranking. For the season, Spieth averaged a second-place finish at major tournaments, netting him PGA Player of the Year honors for 2015. Did I mention he is only 22? Yeah, what have you done with your life lately? Although fans did not witness complete dominance in tennis or golf, for the first time in more than 30 years a thoroughbred captured the Triple Crown on the race track. American Pharoah—the three-year-old racehorse trained by Bob Baffert—became the first since Affirmed in 1978 to win the elusive prize of horse racing after running away with the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes. Even if you are not an avid fan of horse racing, or remotely interested in overdressing to watch horses tirelessly trot around in a circle, the sporting world can rejoice at the 12th Triple Crown because of its rarity. At least we can all agree that it is exciting to say, “I remember where I was when…” in sports—this was no different. The list of impressive feats in sports this year continues, and for the most part, it makes me happy to be a sports fan in the modern era. The Braves may have little hope of capturing a win every time they take the field, but six nohitters in 2015—all in the span of 81 days—make me tune in to every Atlanta game in hopes that someone will make it through nine innings without a ball landing in play. That, in essence, is the joy of sports. If your team is having a bad year, shrug it off and rejoice in the history being made night in and night out. No matter what, sports are always there to pick you up, dust you off and put you back on your feet. So sit back, relax and enjoy the rest of the baseball season and the slow burn that is the start of football. Sports are here to stay, and it’s time to enjoy them for the love of the game.

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NFL

DICON helps NFL teams prevent infections With Week 1 of the NFL season in the books, football is officially back. To help players stay healthy, the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network published an educational manual for preventing infections in locker rooms, which was distributed to all 32 teams in August. The Chronicle’s R yan Hoerger spoke with DICON’s Dr. Deverick Anderson about how teams can best mitigate the risk of an infection spreading. Below is a condensed version of their conversation. The Chronicle: How did this relationship with the NFL get started? Deverick Anderson: We’ve actually had a relationship with [the NFL] for the last several years. Probably the most formal part of that relationship is that we’ve written educational newsletters for their physicians and athletic trainers about infection prevention topics over the last three or four years. About two years ago, when Tampa Bay had their issue with MRSA, they asked us to get involved. And after working with them, we negotiated with the league to develop a systematic program for all 32 teams.

Q & A

TC: What makes a football locker room particularly at-risk for these types of infections? DA: When people are in close quarters for long periods of time, that’s a good set-up for the transmission of pathogens. You can think of influenza or diarrheal illnesses, and how it seems like if one person in a household or on a team gets the flu or a diarrheal illness, then it seems pretty common that lots of other people in close proximity get it as well. Perhaps one of the best examples people think of is norovirus and diarrhea on cruise ships—that’s a perfect example of lots of people together in close quarters spending a lot of time together. And so if you couple that with what ends up being essentially occupational hazard for

football players, it can be a set-up for some of these other mean bugs like MRSA. Football players, just as part of their job, have regular skin abrasions and tears and breakdowns, and the skin is one of our main defense mechanisms against pathogens that are in the environment. If you couple the breakdown of the defenses with the very frequent skin-to-skin contact, it’s a good recipe for transmission of bacteria.

5-10 years, several other instances, though. I think Cleveland had a big problem with it several years ago. If you hear about players who have an infection after a surgery, chances are more than a coin toss that it’s an MRSA infection—you just don’t often hear it described that way. Probably more commonly, we hear about these happening in college teams and high school teams.

TC: When you talk about guarding against infections, which types of infections are you really focusing on? DA: The ones that are top of the list when it comes to what we try to prevent are skin infections. I would probably broaden it to skin infections— with MRSA being one of the worst types of skin infections—norovirus for diarrhea, influenza and upper respiratory infections. And then because these guys go under the knife quite a bit, we have specific recommendations for prevention of infection following surgical procedures as well.

TC: What are the most critical steps teams should be taking to prevent these infections? DA: We’re systematically visiting each of the teams over the season and are about a quarter of the way done or so, and these are very good facilities. All of them have some areas for improvement, as every place does, but in general they do a really good job. We treat these training facilities as medical facilities. They all have some improvements they can make to really bring them up to the standard of a medical facility. There are things like access to cleaning materials, access to hand hygiene, promotion of hygiene in general, having policies for their players to shower after practice, because those types of hygienic steps, even though very basic, can really right a lot of wrongs that might happen during practice.

TC: You mentioned the Tampa Bay MRSA case. Are there other well-known instances of infection breakouts in NFL locker rooms? DA: We actually ended up doing a specific molecular analysis for two of the three players [in the Tampa Bay case]. Ultimately, three players on Tampa Bay had MRSA around the same time, so it was very suspicious that something might be going on. One of them happened before we got involved, but for the other two we were able to get our hands on their MRSA isolate and do some molecular testing that showed that they were basically completely distinct MRSA isolates, implying that they didn’t give it to each other and they didn’t get it from a single source. We actually ended up calling that a pseudo-outbreak as opposed to a true outbreak. That’s probably the one that people are going to be familiar with from the NFL most recently. There have been, over the last

TC: As part of this process, have you been in contact with the Duke football team or Duke athletics as a whole? DA: We have actually provided the same manual we gave to all the NFL teams to the Duke football team as well. [Head trainer Hap Zarzour] knows us, we talk with him frequently, we’ve even been over to the facilities to have a look around. Several years ago, we did a much more comprehensive sweep of the athletic facilities at Duke. That’s been some time ago, four or five years, and the more recent time our focus has been on the football team as we’ve developed the NFL program.... The challenge when you move from a location like the NFL to college is probably more related to volume and the number of players that are involved. College programs are just so much bigger, and there’s less ability to focus on any one specific activity like you can do as a professional team.

DEVERICK ANDERSON

DICON

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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“

Bring community colleges into the fold

ast week’s update to U.S. News and World Report’s National University rankings placed Duke in the number eight spot for the second year in a row. This and other rankings are not perfect, but they serve to establish a start for further comparisons between universities. But beyond this focus and even beyond the other universities on the ranking, there is an entire category of higher education institutions that go undervalued: community colleges. Duke’s participation in promoting the academic success of those who start in community college is laudable and responsive to the shift we identify towards seeing a bigger role of community colleges in higher education and the economy. Community colleges are often regarded with a certain stigma by students looking to bypass them entirely despite more than 10 million students enrolling in them each year. Part of this is guilt by association because some low achievers with no genuine interest in higher education move into community college, but this obviously overshadows the many hard working students whose needs are simply met by community colleges. Community colleges are also seen by those who have the ability to go to a four year college—whether via finances or academic performance—as a last resort. The stigma is a product of conflating established colleges that have the benefit of communities in mind with predatory, for-

profit degree mills. Recent data from the Department of Education shows that two-thirds of University of Phoenix students are unable to repay their loans or in a similarly tenuous debt position, indicating a poor relationship between cost and value of for-profit schools. President Obama’s “America’s College Promise” plan from his State of the Union Address brought community colleges into the spotlight this January. It aims to make twoyear institutions more accessible, expanding on programs

Editorial in states like Florida and Tennessee. TheirDirectConnect and Promise programs, respectively, facilitate students using community college as an affordable path to a fouryear colleges. These programs function as the perfect advisors, enabling students to confidently incorporate community college into their undergraduate career. This is not only more affordable but also more feasible for non-traditional students who may have dependents or did not go to college immediately following high school for whatever reason. Obama’s older American Graduation Initiative could reduce the negative financial impact of these schools by supporting the colleges that have shown to be effective

onlinecomment “It’s okay goy. You don’t need your own opinions, just adopt the opinions of the Colbert show..” — “Fred” commenting on the Sept. 10 column “Opinons for the unopinionated”

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at training people for the workforce and successfully helping people transition into four-year schools. The initiative calls for increased collaboration with businesses and more interaction among colleges to meet our nation’s vocational and educational needs. Duke has taken its own steps to become one of several universities participating in American Honors. Students in this honor program are guided and advised through two years of transferable courses to encourage successful application to a number of four-year universities. Different from Florida’s DirectConnect program, admission is not guaranteed, an improvement because direct acceptance risks ballooning into unfair competition with traditional students. American Honors’ equitable application process is preferable for schools. Duke’s participation in American Honors and the programs coming from the Obama administration signal that big actors in higher education, those whose opinions often constitute general consensus on the landscape of higher education, have shifted their understanding of community colleges as a level below four-year schools to viable stops by students in the paths of career training and preparation for bachelor’s programs. Hopefully, this is just the beginning of top schools working together with community colleges to meet the needs of this nation and de-stigmatize twoyear colleges.

Why do we accept crime on campus?

he administration has been very responsive to threats on campus — that’s part of the problem. With the recurring armed robberies and thefts the last few years, Duke should enact preemptive controls to better protect the community. While responsive policies such as increasing security and lighting are appropriate, the administration needs to acknowledge the risks facing students and work to mitigate them. In the last seven months, multiple students have been

cameras — with rare and valuable books already locked behind doors, the closest thing to a valuable book these cameras monitor is an economics textbook. Despite the added security that cameras provide, they should never be in residence halls, as it would be an extreme invasion of students’ privacy. In residence halls, the administration’s go-to solution of increasing security is also not an option. Nonetheless, the administration can do a better job of deterring theft in dorms.

Justin Koritzinsky PERFORMANCE REVIEW robbed at gunpoint on central campus. Through the first few weeks of class, there have been a series of thefts in Few and Keohane Quads. And these are just the latest in a trend of late-night robberies that span from East Campus to the Duke Gardens. The only sure way to guarantee students’ safety is to have security guards swarm the campus at night, which is financially unrealistic and ultimately unnecessary. There are easier and more affordable ways to minimize students’ risk and significantly increase the chance of apprehending offenders. The administration should reevaluate how security guards are dispersed throughout the university to minimize overlap in the distribution of security resources. Furthermore, there should be an increased security presence at the most at-risk parts of campus including central campus and the east campus perimeter. While Duke has been rightfully hesitant to install security cameras on campus due to privacy concerns and to maintain a campus atmosphere, it’s time for the administration to recognize the benefits of security cameras placed with prudence and restraint. Students’ privacy and security can be maintained through restrictive policies limiting access to camera feeds so that they’re only viewed in response to reported incidents. For example, by strategically placing fewer than ten security cameras at intersections around central campus, the university could monitor all vehicular traffic onto central campus. The administration would also be wise to install a handful of cameras around the perimeter of the Duke Gardens. While the administration should remind students to remain cognizant of their surroundings and avoid unnecessary risks, a certain graduation requirement will lead many students to disregard warnings against entering the Duke Gardens after hours. The cameras would help apprehend criminals and deter potential thieves from robbing these students. The University has already shown that its policy against security cameras is anything but absolute. The new Rubenstein Library contains dozens of security

There are always a handful of students who take advantage of others’ trust in the community and the vague penalties for theft. The administration should set mandatory punishments for on-campus theft — I recommend at least a semester suspension. While the financial losses from theft are generally small, the disruption to campus peace justifies such a strong penalty to sufficiently deter even the most irrational of kleptomaniacs from giving in to their urges. Most importantly, the penalty for theft should be clearly stated in all emails sent to students regarding on-campus theft. The administration needs to make clear that theft in dorms is taken seriously by enacting severe penalties and doing a better job of apprehending offenders. The current response to theft is so pathetic that it practically incentivizes it, with the administration doing nothing more than offering up a meek “sorry” to victims followed up with a $95 bill for a lock change. Once I graduate, I hope that I can fail to do my job and then invoice people for the troubles I’ve caused. If this approach is ineffective in the workplace, perhaps I can get a job within the Duke administration where this mindset is welcomed with open arms. The administration needs to realize that there are more than responsive measures to combat theft. Through clear penalties and increased preventative measures such as cameras, the university can deter crime against students. Hopefully the administration will heed students’ safety concerns. It seems more likely, though, that the administration will just brush off crime against students as unavoidable. While true to an extent, the reality of crime doesn’t justify their lack of effort to minimize risk to students. Students should never have to be afraid on campus, let alone in their dorm rooms. Until the administration recognizes this, though, the status quo will persist. Justin Koritzinsky is a Trinity junior. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

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Make them bake cake?

f you want an easy life, follow this simple rule: don’t talk. If you must talk, only speak when you’re spoken to, and keep it brief. And never, ever, talk about sex, politics or religion. If this seems like an unrealistic standard to live by, congratulations! You’re human. Conversation is the spice of life, and people are too interesting to be kept silent all the time. The experiences and wisdom they possess are far too valuable to miss. Oh, and the sex, politics and religion? Good luck avoiding those discussions in college. So, I’ll jump right in. Bear with me, as it is

a same-sex wedding, a practice which he or she feels violates her religious beliefs. If a straight individual came into her store making the same request, he or she would also be denied. It is not just LGBT individuals who are refused service when a request for a same-sex wedding cake is made: all individuals are refused service. For me, it’s the same situation as if a same-sex couple requested a cake leaden with profanity for an eccentric friend’s birthday party. If the baker feels morally conflicted about creating a cake with offensive language, and declines to do so on the basis of his religious beliefs, is he discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation?

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2015 | 11

Where do we go from here?

t Duke, each undergraduate year has had some sort of overarching theme for me. Freshman year — the eagerness of leaving home, being immersed with hundreds of new faces from different backgrounds, the shopping around of classes and the beginning of nagging questioning about the identities that shaped us growing up. Sophomore

Paul Popa

Drew Korschun

THE RIGHT GUY

LOVE AND HATE, JUST NOT APATHY

hard to hide the giant elephant in the room, particularly when every fabric and fixture is an unmistakable blue. But in the attempt to kill three birds with one stone by tackling sex, politics and religion (all in one issue!), allow me to discuss what seems to have taken public discourse by storm in the months since the Obergefell v. Hodges decision: the debate between religious freedom and civil rights. The question I will attempt to answer in this column is whether or not it is illegal for the owner of a private business to refuse to provide services for a same-sex wedding. This can refer to a photographer, a wedding planner, a cake decorator or anyone else who is approached by a same-sex couple and asked to provide a service for their wedding. I’ll use a cake decorator for my hypotheticals, but the legal understanding should apply to all. This year, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission concluded that Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act forbids sexual orientation discrimination because it’s a form of “sex” discrimination, which is statutorily forbidden. Regardless of if you agree or disagree with that conclusion, let’s rest on the assumption that private discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is disallowed across all 50 states. As we see in the rulings affecting bakers such as Aaron and Melissa Klein and Jack Phillips, many members of the LGBT community see a refusal to bake a cake for a same-sex wedding as discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. But is it? Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is when you refuse to provide a service or otherwise accommodate a customer because of his or her sexual orientation. Nothing more, nothing less. Say, for example, a baker hung a sign in his window with the words “No Gays Allowed!” or refused to seat a gay couple solely because they openly identified as gay. This is discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. When a gay couple requests that a cake be made for their same-sex wedding, they are not refused service because they identify as gay. They are refused service because the baker is not comfortable providing a cake for

Of course not. The sexual orientation of the customer is not what matters in any situation of a baker who is refusing to offer his or her services, but the subject of the cake at hand is. Why is this an issue for some? Well, I personally consider everything I create to be a representation of myself and my standards. This seems to be a common sentiment among chefs and bakers alike, and I do not believe a baker should be forced to create a cake that he is troubled by. I can certainly understand why a baker would not want to create a cake for an event he does not approve of. For example, no one is forced to cater to the Republican National Convention if he or she does not want to. I think the same freedom of association should apply to everyone. I think the underlying issue here is the confusion between discriminating against classifications of people and discriminating against ideas. The former is generally illegal, while the latter is not. Freedom of conscience, I believe, is protected by the Constitution as is freedom of religion, and the Supreme Court recognized this in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale. I am not required to support samesex marriage if I do not wish to, even if it is a constitutional right, similar to how no one is forced to lend support to abortion or gun rights, despite both being constitutionally protected. It is not against the law to oppose same-sex marriage, nor will it ever be. As we see in the landmark Burwell v. Hobby Lobby decision, it is constitutional for owners of private businesses to object to providing a service on the basis of a religious belief. Religious objections are legitimate in the eyes of the law, and we should respect this going forward. I personally struggle with the idea of government coercion, which I feel is more applicable to totalitarian or fascist governments than a republic built on freedom and individual liberty. If you find a refusal to perform a service for a same-sex wedding immoral, that’s fine, but immoral doesn’t always mean illegal. Until next time, elephant out.

year — the switch to a new campus, a rearrangement of friend groups, a solidification of academic goals, a fluctuation between feeling confident and incompetent. Junior year — my most socially established year, most politically engaged, most confident in the ways I wanted to contribute to the world. But senior year rolls around, and while I try to stay rooted in meaningful friendships and savor moments of fun, I can’t shake off the feeling of being rushed to figure out the next chapter in my life even while the future seems so hazy. What is at the crux of this point in every Dukie’s life, and how does each generation get through it successfully? Perhaps why senior year can feel so difficult and confusing is that we’re forced to do two things simultaneously. We must look back on the last three years of our Duke career and make some kind of cohesive meaning out of it while at the same time thinking of every possibility for what could suit us after undergrad. I lay out my past college involvement like a deck of cards: political advocacy groups, studying Asian and Middle Eastern languages, independent linguistics research, teaching English abroad, writing. But then I also have to lay out every possibility for my post-Duke life, trying to best guess what will suit my personal needs, what I will be qualified to do and what will help me achieve the kinds of things I dream of. In the end, though, it really is all guesswork. I can listen to stories from friends and family all day and go to all of the fabulous resume-building workshops that Duke sponsors, but some things you can’t really ever know unless you experience them firsthand. All stages of life require leaps of faith. What might also make decisions Paul Popa is a Trinity junior. His column runs about post-college life difficult is all on alternate Tuesdays. of our attachments to the communities that we came from or became part of and to the people who helped us get all the way to this point. College education, especially at a private American university, comes at an enormous price, but its benefits do not necessarily correlate to payoffs in the real world in an even fashion. We pay for a holistic experience, for a bundle of all kinds of learning and opportunity, but can it really guarantee job security in the way we want to envision? Some of us may face overburdening student debt after graduating. Some may feel indebted to family who helped to pay for this incredible gift of higher education. Students who are first-generation college students or first-generation

Want to write a guest column? Contact Amrith Ramkumar at ar299@duke.edu.

Americans might feel a huge pressure after graduation to prove it to their families or communities that they have “made it” in the American dreamscape. But finding a balance between where we’re wanted and what we want in the first place is probably never easy. And I’m sure for many of us, it will be difficult to cash in our dreams and get accepted to our top choices

right away. Maybe it’ll take years to sort things out: get a job, work a year or two, decide you absolutely hate it and do a 180 degree flip. Maybe at some point we’ll have to decide between what pays the bills and our passions, between aiming to cause change in the world for the better and aiming for something realistic like personal happiness. I also won’t pretend to be immune to Duke’s competitive culture. When I hear of friends having already received offers from places they interned at over the summer, I feel mildly jealous that they already have sense of security and certainty in their futures. Sometimes I feel inadequate when I compare myself to other students and their accomplishments as if all the things that I’ve experienced and achieved myself somehow look pathetic through my own pessimistic lens. Or, on the other hand, I see people like Malala Yousafzai, already a Nobel Peace Prize recipient as a teenager, who are just now about to enter university. I am about to graduate from university, and this famously fierce advocate for universal education hasn’t even begun the journey of higher education yet? I am too much in awe. At this point in my own life, I have personal goals and dreams of pursuing graduate school in fields that I love, even though it seems strange for someone to spend so much of their life on this planet in classes and in the library. But that’s just one of the infinite possible paths diverging from this moment, the present. Whatever path I end up taking in this next stage of life, I will have to accept warts and all. Nothing will ever be perfect; life will always have moments of regret and opportunities to change and do better. At every moment, you will have to listen to your heart and all of your sources of wisdom and inspiration in order to understand how to navigate the roads of this life. In the grand scheme of things, then, freshman year and senior year aren’t so different after all. I have this image in my mind of senior year at Duke as Miley Cyrus and myself as Nicki Minaj at the VMAs. Senior year has got me twisting and turning, jumping through hoops to try to navigate paths in the future, and sometimes it might even talk bad about me behind my back. But, in the words of Nicki Minaj, who rarely backs down in the face of opposition, I can answer back: “Senior year, what’s good?” Drew Korschun is a Trinity senior. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com

12 | TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2015

DSGRU from page 1 tinue to influence the unit’s operations. “It’s a difficult process acquiring data, especially when there is no precedent for students seeking data for research like this,” Guarco explained. “We hope that in the future there’s a stronger standard and means of acquiring data and statistics from our school in order to improve the undergraduate student experience.” Cesar similarly highlighted the need for DSGRU to establish credibility with the administration on the same topics that sidelined the unit a year ago. “The challenge is still the same—to build trust within Duke administrations so that they feel this is a body where they will take the data and they will treat it with discretion, respect, and at the same time work in the best interest of the Duke student body,” Cesar said. While DSGRU continues to look for answers to its challenges, it will also attempt to find a good organizational structure. On a foundational level, “we are going to make

it more formalized and more structured,” Levine said. DSGRU is also looking to make specific changes to the way it operates. “We definitely took on too many projects,” Hemal said, reflecting on last year, when the research unit took on six separate questions in a semester. The unit will look to rectify this by taking on fewer questions, explained Hemal, who is advising DSGRU this year. That way, DSGRU can “focus or two or three very large and pressing campus issues and to investigate and build on evidence,” Sanka said. Last year, DSGRU was not able to put together a team of investigators until October because it was just getting off the ground. This year, the process is occurring in September, but Guarco said that he isn’t satisfied with that. “My vision is one where at the beginning of next year, we have a full team of investigators ready to get to work,” he said. “I would like to have an application process in the Spring so that we ensure no spots are empty in this upcoming year.” DSGRU also hopes to implement a more direct meth-

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od of crowdsourcing research questions. This past year, Sanka used the “Fix My Campus” Facebook page to conduct a poll, with predetermined research topics, measuring which ones Duke students were most interested in the unit pursuing. This year, DSGRU looks to take this one step further by giving the students a way to ask questions. “Every year, we take in the best of the best around the world in terms of students. It’s not just the DSG Senate, we have a lot of students that are really smart and can ask really good questions,” Cesar said. “So why limit the process to just the DSG Senate when we have 6,000 students that are the best of best at what they do?” The second year is an important one for DSGRU in terms of its long-term reputation. Levine said that he hopes this year can serve as a model for how the unit will be run in the future. “Expectations are high,” Cesar added. “This is the first trial run and if we don’t show results, then we’re not going to have support going forward.”

CUMMINGS from page 2 advanced automation are privacy, with drones for example, which I predicted in 2007-2008 that there was going to be a huge eruption in the United States population about privacy. People back then didn’t believe me because they didn’t understand that drones were coming. And sure enough, as soon as they became widespread, the privacy debate erupted. I also think another big one is autonomous weapons. So as we start to make more and more robotic weapons, should we let them fire on their own? How reliable are they? And this is where my military background really comes in as well, because I have been there, and seen what mistakes can be made. I’ve seen human mistakes, I’ve seen machine mistakes. TC: How do you envision the future of drones in light of today’s debates? MC: So, there is no question that drones are always safer—in terms of flying. They do better at the act of flying than humans do. We are still working some of the kinks out of the system, and the infrastructure that supports that, but there is no question in my mind that in the future it will be the Jetsons. You will have your own flying car, but the car will do all the driving and the flying for you. In 10-20 years, most freight will be flown by drones; the military will be drones. TC: How accurate do you think the American public’s views of drones are? MC: I think the public’s view is skewed by what they see in the media... there is a lot of paranoia and fear that is actually pushed on them by the media. It is interesting that even with the media scare tactics— and by that I mean worrying about the privacy issues—they have actually made an impressive entry into the commercial marketplace. And because the business case is so strong, for example a police force can have a $10,000 drone that does the work of a $500,000 helicopter, the budget just cannot deny those numbers. So in the end, having drones in your local law enforcement—and even at the state and federal level— really is good for us because it costs significantly less taxpayer dollars. And it gives us a layer of safety that we would not have otherwise. One of the most dangerous areas of aviation is in first response: police helicopters, traffic helicopters, trying to get out in bad weather. And that can all be turned over to drones, which are much safer. We will see deaths from those accidents go way down. TC: What do you think should be done domestically in terms of drone policies, particularly those of the Federal Aviation Administration? MC: It’s interesting about the FAA, because starting in about 2003-2004, researchers like myself started petitioning the FAA to take this issue seriously, to start putting regulations in place to start addressing the fact that drones were coming. The FAA basically told us that we were wrong, that this was never going to be a developing technology. Now, ten years later, they were caught with their pants down, and we are still in this place where the FAA is refusing to understand the scope of the growth potential for this field. But, the good news is that as soon as Google and Amazon jumped in there, the FAA started taking it seriously. So, now the rules are changing, and they are changing very quickly.