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Students frustrated with Duke’s dating scene Claire Ballentine The Chronicle At Duke, a date might be harder to find than a Science Drive bus. The Chronicle recently asked 50 random students when they had last been on a date. 16 students responded that their last date occurred more than a year ago, and 26 said they had been on a date within the month, with the remainder answering in between. Many, however, were in agreement that Duke is a difficult place to date and find a significant other. “The dating scene is nonexistent,” junior Steven Katsohirakis said. “It’s really hard to find someone.” Gary Glass, associate director for outreach and developmental programming for Counseling and Psychological Services, wrote in an email that he has heard many students express their frustration with the inadequate dating scene at Duke. In addition, a 2012 study called the “Duke Social Relationships Project” and a 2014 report from Duke Inquiries in Social Relations found that approximately 75 percent of the student body wishes they were dating more. Possible reasons offered for the current dating culture include Duke’s unique academic and social culture. Rigorous coursework and career goals may contribute to the issue, wrote Maralis Mercado, program coordinator for health and wellness at the Wellness Center, in an email. “Academics are very important to students and some may feel that engaging in a romantic relationship may distract them from their goals,” she wrote. Junior Bridget Dou noted that schoolwork may contribute to the lack of dating, especially for engineers.

Graphic by Lucy Zhang; Photo by Alex Deckey | The Chronicle The Chronicle recently asked 50 random students when they had last been on a date.

“Some of it might come down to us being engineers because we’re busier than other people,” she said. Glass agreed that students may perceive forming relationships as compromising their academic or social goals, adding that he also believes students at Duke are very protective of their emotions. Other undergraduates noted the prevalence of a “hook-up” culture—in which students form short-term, casual romantic affiliations—at Duke, with many expressing negative opinions about it.

“I never understood the hook-up culture,” senior Ben Balin said. “It just seems like a bad life strategy in general.” Senior Kyrstin Lulow explained that she thinks that many Duke students buy into the hook-up culture even though it is “corrosive.” Despite the perceived prevalence of the hook-up culture, Mercado noted that trends in students’ dating change over time, adding that the she thinks the dating scene at Duke is similar to that of other campuses. “From ‘Netflix and chill’ to dating off campus, the trends come and go like

students do,” she wrote. Glass also noted that the lack of dating on campus may stem from the widespread notion that dating does not exist. He wrote though that he thinks forming real relationships can be beneficial to students. “There are a number of skills that one develops in a relationship, including communication on different levels, navigating emotions in more nuanced ways and greater self-awareness,” he wrote. See DATING on Page 5

Mental health groups confront culture of perfectionism Sydney Sarachek The Chronicle

Chronicle File Photo CAPS and other campus groups have tried to help students cope with a fast-paced campus and a culture of “effortless perfection.”

Midway through his freshman year, Khalouk Shahbander had hit rock bottom. While his peers went through their everyday lives, Shahbander had not slept in more than four days. He felt anxious, paranoid and depressed, occasionally experiencing panic attacks and hallucinations. But despite the severity of his illness—he would eventually be diagnosed with bipolar disorder—Shahbander did not want others to see that he was suffering. Shahbander, like many other Duke students, grappled with the culture of “effortless perfection” at Duke—the idea that Duke students seem to always have everything under control. The term, coined in a 2003 study by the Women’s Initiative

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at Duke, initially referred to the pressure on women to feel smart, fit, pretty and accomplished, but has since taken on a more global meaning, incorporating men as well. Students believe the pressure to appear perfect has an adverse effect of mental health. “Anyone on Duke’s campus knows that we have a tense campus culture of ‘busy-ness’—a sense of anxiety, of always having to reach for the next piece of work to do,” said sophomore Razan Idris. “[This culture] tends to always dominate our interactions and conversations, and has a brutal effect on mental health.” This mentality creates a fast-paced campus environment that leaves students feeling as though they cannot keep up, said sophomore Cole Wicker. As a result, students often find themselves needing support that can be difficult to find from their peers. “Duke students dismiss each others’ worries

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by always saying something like ‘But you’re so great, I’m sure you’ll be fine!’ instead of actually offering to help,” Idris said. “It can be hard to get help because people, having idealized each other, can’t imagine that other people are down.” Part of the problem is that failure is a foreign concept to most of the current generation of Duke students, said Dean of Students Sue Wasiolek. “Everything that I know about failure says that it makes us stronger,” she said. “That in and of itself is making striving for perfection even more difficult.” Gary Glass, associate director for outreach and developmental programming for Counseling and Psychological Services, explained that elite, competitive institutions

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Panelists discuss mishandling Rubenstein Library hosts Duke’s of student rape cases Tuesday first ever HistoryHackathon Abigail Xie and Claire Ballentine The Chronicle A documentary released earlier this year showed universities mishandling sexual assault cases, but Duke students and administrators emphasized the importance of victims still coming forward after screening the film Tuesday evening. Directed by Emmy Award-winning director Kirby Dick, “The Hunting Ground” offers an overview of sexual assault on college campuses and fueled a national debate when it was released earlier this year. Duke Student Government and the Women’s Center hosted a screening of the documentary and a question-and-answer session in CIEMAS, where students asked panelists about mishandled assault cases reported to administrators. “We can always do more,” said Howard Kallem, director of Title IX compliance and one of the event’s panelists. “Student pressure is a way to make sure the University continues to pay attention to the issue. The more students can talk about this, the more we’ll be able to work together.”

“The Hunting Ground” focuses on the experiences of a number of student rape victims, recounting their experiences and university responses to sexual assault allegations. Among those featured in the documentary are Annie Clark and Andrea Pino, two University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill graduates and sexual assault survivors. Clark and Pino, who were raped while they were students, filed a Title IX and Clery Act complaint against UNC in 2013 and received nationwide attention for their efforts. Victims throughout the documentary described the lack of support they received from universities after coming forward with their stories—students who watched the film Tuesday expressed frustration with the lack of transparency regarding sexual assault investigations. “We have to be careful to respect the privacy of students,” Kallem said. “But when there’s a threat to public safety, that information does go out—the statistics go out.” Much of the discussion centered See DOCUMENTARY on Page 5

Ada Zhang | The Chronicle A screening of the documentary “The Hunting Ground” about student rape cases being swept under the rug by universities was followed by a Q&A with panelists Tuesday evening.

Rob Palmisano The Chronicle This weekend, a team of librarians, graduate students and faculty made history at Rubenstein Library. At Duke’s first-ever HistoryHackathon— which occurred during a 72-hour period last weekend—undergraduate student teams created collaborative research projects using the collections at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library. A panel of experts will rank the top three projects by Nov. 1 and award cash prizes to the winners. The event was designed to expose undergraduates from all disciplines to the Rubenstein collections and allow them to work with graduate students, faculty and librarians, said Ryan Poe, a history Ph.D. candidate and one of the organizers of the event. “It’s vertical integration,” Poe said. “You have undergrads and grad [students] and faculty and librarians on the same page trying to do the same thing.” The 19 participants in the Hackathon worked in teams of three to five on projects involving topics such as the history of medicine and yellow fever, mental asylums in the 19th century, police brutality and militarization in the U.S., tourism through postcards and campus radicalism at Duke. Poe noted that students were allowed to research any topic they wished and were encouraged to be creative in how they presented the topic. Project formats included documentaries, posters and websites. One team created a video of insane asylums in the 19th century, which focused on definitions of insanity throughout history and the designs of asylums. Another team designed a website that mapped historical travel to Israel using postcards in the second half of the 20th century, overlaying the postcards with modern images to document changes in the region.

The winners will be announced either Monday or Tuesday next week, Poe said. Several students noted the benefits of participating in the Hackathon. Junior Kay Zhang explained that she signed up for the event because she thought it would help her in future academic pursuits. “I’m really considering doing a senior thesis, and I believe this will be a valuable research experience leading up to that,” she said. Freshman Maegan Stanley—who plans to major in history—said the Hackathon gave her the opportunity to participate in an activity geared toward her strengths. An important goal of the event was to help students find topics that interest them, Poe said. By presenting their projects, students are then able to bring exposure to topics that might not be well-known. “That in itself is an interesting, often powerful project,” he said. Poe explained that prior to the Hackathon, students knew about the collections in the Rubenstein only through their professors—the event was organized as an additional way to introduce undergraduates to these resources. “There’s something like 350,000 documents in the Rubenstein. It’s massive,” Poe said. HistoryHackathon was organized by a steering committee that consists of Rubenstein librarians and graduate students. The committee hopes to continue developing the Hackathon for future iterations, Poe added. “Not only do we want to help undergraduates realize what’s available to them, but we want to help them [use what’s available], and in doing that, show how creative and smart the Duke undergraduates are,” he said. “That’s what it’s all about, and that’s why we’re all at this one place called a University.”

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Challenges for student voters outlined at teach-in Likhitha Butchireddygari The Chronicle A teach-in Tuesday evening highlighted the difficulties Duke students will have voting in 2016. Sponsored by Scholars for North Carolina’s Future, the history department and several student organizations, the event at the Divinity School centered around the history of voter suppression in North Carolina and discussed how Duke factors into North Carolina’s electoral landscape. After the presentation, participants developed strategies to help students make it to the polls next year. “[In 2008], North Carolina had the largest youth turnout in the Union,” said Gunther Peck, associate professor of public policy and history. He explained that in 2008, Obama won the state by about 14,000 votes. Duke’s early vote site had nearly 10,000 voters that year. Much of the teach-in was devoted to explaining Duke’s voting history. Peck noted that when there was an early voting location on Duke’s campus during the 2008 general election, 87 percent of registered students voted—including 93 percent of registered voters in the Class of 2012. He said the large wave of youth participation that propelled Obama to victory in N.C. in 2008 resulted in the passage of a new voting law in 2013 that made it more difficult for young people and minorities to vote. The event also focused on a number of changes to voting procedures that will affect Duke students. Until recently, students have been able to register to vote on the day of the election using their student ID. In 2016, that will no longer be an option. Everyone

Sophie Turner | The Chronicle Participants during Tuesday evening’s teach-in brainstormed strategies to help students vote in the 2016 presidential election.

who plans on voting must register at least 25 days before the election and obtain a government-issued ID. Fred McBride, senior policy analyst at the Southern Coalition for Social Justice, urged students to use their passports or, if they have them, North Carolina driver’s licenses. There are also provisions that account for those who are unable to obtain an ID, he noted. Students who are able to demonstrate a reasonable impediment to getting an ID—such as an inability to take off time from work or a disability—may vote

with a provisional ballot and an alternate method of identification. Freshman Eyram Klu said he came to the teach-in to learn about the reasoning behind the new voting laws. “I decided to get registered to vote for the purpose of participating in the electorate and being an active citizen in the United States, so I want to hear about why my voting rights are being repressed,” Klu said. Duke Student Government, along with Duke’s student-run political organizations,

have been working to mitigate some of the issues the new voting legislation has created, said freshman Jackson Dellinger, senator for Durham and regional affairs. He explained that DSG is meeting with Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, to try and secure an early voting site on campus for 2016. The Durham and regional affairs committee is also working to register students for the upcoming November election, including reaching out to East Campus house councils to get freshmen registered and tabling on West Campus to register upperclassmen. In the long term, the committee is trying to institutionalize the process so that freshmen will be registered within the first few weeks they are on campus. The committee also wants to establish a system to re-register upperclassmen when they move to West or Central Campus, which are in a different precinct from East. Within the next few weeks, the teachin’s organizers plan on circulating a letter to key student organizations urging the Durham County Board of Elections and Duke administrators to support a voting site on campus. They also want to commence a widespread education campaign outlining the changes in voting procedures. Representatives from DSG and the Graduate and Professional Student Council want to pass a resolution that supports the voting site and suggests possible locations, including the Rubenstein Library or the renovated West Union building. “We want to make students know they need to work hard to protect their rights in this political climate,” said John Steen, program coordinator for Scholars for North Carolina’s Future.

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Breast cancer researchers find support from Komen Foundation Vir Patel The Chronicle Breast cancer researchers at Duke have been awarded more than $1.6 million through the Susan G. Komen Foundation to help both early-career and veteran researchers and fund an innovative workshop dealing with treatment therapies. The Komen Foundation, a nonprofit leader in funding breast cancer research, has awarded grants to Duke faculty through Komen North Carolina Triangle to the Coast. Along with recent Ph.D. graduates, Duke’s awards also support three Komen Scholars, investigators considered international leaders in breast cancer research and advocacy. The annual grants also partially finance the Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development and Validation Workshop—a joint effort by Duke and the Food and Drug Administration to create a collaborative environment that stimulates discussions about breast cancer treatment, diagnosis and prevention. “I think that Duke... has been very successful at garnering money from Komen to conduct breast cancer research,” said Dr. Neil Spector, Sandra P. Coates associate professor of cancer research and a Komen scholar. “The Komen support has been invaluable because a lot of these projects are in early stages where we need to generate data in order to compete effectively to secure [National Institutes of Health] funding.” Spector is one of the five Komen grant recipients at Duke and serves

as the director of the Developmental Therapeutics Program at the Duke Cancer Institute, an effort to improve the effectiveness of cancer therapies in patients. “One of the key objectives of the [Duke] Cancer Institute is to try to harness the great research going on here into some clinical application,” explained Spector. “Otherwise, it just remains great research in the lab but doesn’t improve the life of a single person.” He is joined as a Komen Scholar at Duke by Dr. Kimberly Blackwell and Dr. Gerard Blobe, faculty chosen for their contributions to translational, clinical and basic breast cancer research, respectively. Members of the Scholars program are provided with steady funding from the Komen Foundation and are also involved in outreach with Komen affiliates, Spector explained. Komen North Carolina Triangle to the Coast, a local organization which funded part of the grant, places a large emphasis on outreach, allocating 25 percent of its funds raised to national cancer research and 75 percent to outreach programs such as community breast health education, screening and treatment. “It’s been a great experience networking with people from across the country that I wouldn’t have been able to meet otherwise and getting that experience to help educate people about the cutting edge research in breast cancer that’s going on,” he added. The Komen Foundation has also allocated $45,000 to support the Accelerating Anticancer Agent

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Development and Validation Workshop, an annual event started almost 13 years ago by Professor of Surgery Dr. Herbert Kim Lyerly and Dr. Richard Pazdur, director of the Office of Hematology Oncology Products at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The workshop has trained more than 2,000 researchers, health advocates and drug developers through discussions about bringing oncology therapies to the market in a cost-efficient and timely manner, Lyerly explained.

He emphasized the importance of having conversations that address the feasibility of bringing clinical research to the market. “If you have a new medicine and it’s really effective, but your study was designed poorly and thus got rejected by the FDA… that would be a tragic outcome,” Lyerly said. “This workshop tries to create an environment where this would never happen. In the world of drug development, it’s very rare to have these types of discussions.”

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PERFECTION from page 1 tend to foster an all-or-nothing mindset among students. “I always joke that there are two grades that people can get—there’s an A and then there is BCDF,” Glass said. “I think [this] creates fear because you now have a 50 percent chance of failure, instead of what’s more realistically a three to five percent chance, given how you compete with the rest of the country.” This phenomenon persists even though students recognize that being perfect all the time is impossible, Glass added. “Everybody would acknowledge perfection is prevalent. But at the same time, when I have one-on-one conversations with students they always acknowledge, ‘I know no one is perfect,’” he said. “There is this fascinating paradox that perfectionism seems rampant.” Students like Shahbander, who recently founded Duke’s chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, have made significant strides in dealing with this issue. In collaboration with CAPS and Duke Student Government, NAMI will host Mental Health Awareness Week next week—the week will include workshops, discussions and performances highlighting mental health issues on campus Earlier this year, Shahbander wrote about his personal struggles in the All Duke Facebook group in order to draw attention to mental health and elicit support for NAMI. “At the time that I made the post, I had accepted and had even become comfortable with my struggle,” he said. “Even so, I was still really concerned with how everyone might react. The stigma against mental illness is really powerful and overwhelming. Our culture creates the problem and, ironically, also makes it difficult to solve.” Glass said Duke students are much more sophisticated in understanding and acknowledging mental health struggles than

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they were even five years ago, and student efforts have helped lead to a less stressful Duke experience. Along with NAMI, other studentled organizations and initiatives include Peer for You, You’re Not Alone and the Me Too campaign, all of which were introduced in the past four years. Another University initiative aimed at facilitating conversation and offering help is the DukeReach website, which allows members of the Duke community to submit anonymous reports when they have concerns about the well-being of a fellow student. The program frequently deals with the issue of “effortless perfection,” said Amy Powell, associate dean of students and director of DukeReach. “It is very common for a student to say to us, ‘It seems to be so easy for everyone else,’” she noted, adding that DukeReach encourages students to open up about their struggles to their friends. Sharing their problems is usually the first step in realizing that their friends went through similar struggles—and understanding that no one is truly perfect, Powell said. Shahbander noted the importance of working together as a community to eliminate the campus culture of “effortless perfection.” “The Duke community is the most valuable therapy anyone could have,” Shahbander said. “Having thousands of peers, professors and deans at your side is something really special, especially when you know that they do care for you and that they will in fact be there to support you in difficult times.”

DOCUMENTARY from page 2 on Duke’s efforts to provide resources to victims and to create a campus environment that makes students feel safe coming forward. Kallem pointed to the Gender Violence Task Force as an example of a body working to address issues related to

Where can I find the STINF form?

sexual assault on Duke’s campus. Victoria Krebs, associate dean of students for Title IX outreach and response, who works in the Office of Student Conduct, cited the two hours added to freshman orientation on sexual assault this year and the development of two shorter PACT training programs, which teach participants bystander intervention strategies. “I have no interest in brushing anything under the rug or keeping our numbers down,” she said. Krebs expressed concern that “The Hunting Ground” did not highlight any of the resources that are often available for victims of sexual assault on campuses. The first concern, she said, should be getting victims to safety and ensuring they have the support they need to cope with anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Junior Dana Raphael, one of the panelists and a columnist for The Chronicle, was sexually assaulted before she came to Duke. She noted that between Counseling and Psychological Services, the Women’s Center and DukeReach, she felt she got the support she needed once on campus, but still did not see enough of a conversation happening on campus about sexual assault. Motivated to create a space for survivors to connect with each other, Raphael helped found Duke Support, a group through which sexual assault survivors can meet each other and discuss their experiences. “Duke does the best job of being connected with students out of any university I know,” she said. “Duke’s administration wants to help and wants to provide resources.” Sophomore Jacqueline Monetta, DSG senator for equity and outreach, said she decided to bring the documentary to

campus after watching it during the summer. She emphasized that universities can still be sources of support for victims despite the film’s message. “I don’t want students to think they can’t reach out to the school, because they can,” she said. “Not all schools are handling [sexual assault cases] poorly—the documentary definitely doesn’t highlight anything positive about what universities are doing.”

DATING from page 1 Although students often face emotional pain during a break-up, Glass wrote that students should not avoid relationships because of this possibility, adding that students often learn about themselves through this difficult experience. In recent years, there have been several attempts on campus to address the dating culture. Last Fall, Glass hosted an event called “Dating at Duke,” which was intended to spark conversation about student dissatisfaction with the University’s dating scene. Mercado noted that the Wellness Center also discusses dating through its sexual health workshops. The topics covered—including honest communication and the importance of defining relationship expectations—can help students form respectful relationships, she explained. Despite the perception that dating at Duke is nonexistent, Glass noted that he has heard more students referencing dating and relationships than in the past. To many Duke students, dating exists but remains rare in a college environment. “There are people who want to be in a committed relationship, but it’s hard to find,” junior Maria Folgueras said. “It took me two and a half years.”

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FOOTBALL

COLUMN

WEATHERING THE STORM First quarters crucial for Duke

Sam Turken The Chronicle How does a storied college football program bounce back from its worst loss ever? Where will players’ heads be after their head coach was fired less than 36 hours after that forgettable defeat? Those are the questions facing Miami as it prepares for a Halloween night game against No. 22 Duke Saturday at 7 p.m. at Wallace Wade Stadium. A host of injuries, a historic rout and an unhappy alumni base spelled the end of the road for head coach Al Golden, sending the Hurricanes to Durham under new leadership. The last three days have tested the five-time national champion Hurricanes emotionally. After suffering a 58-0 loss to then-No. 6 Clemson at home Saturday—the worst loss in program history—Miami announced Golden’s dismissal Monday. Just days later, the team suffered another blow when the mother of starting cornerback Artie Burns passed away. With interim head coach Larry Scott—formerly Miami’s tight end coach—in command, the Hurricanes are now trying to regroup and stay alive in the ACC Coastal Division. “The last four days…have been kind of rough for our program and our young people,” Scott said in a press conference Tuesday. “I kind of challenged the coaches. It’s going to be far more than the X’s and O’s. It’s going to be about being able to mentor and teach these young men and help them and guide them through a rough period in their lives. They’re young people. They have attachments.” Despite a wealth of talent brought in through top-tier recruiting—highlighted by seven draft picks in the 2014 NFL draft—the Hurricanes struggled to meet expectations under Golden. After shutting down the Blue

starting quarterback Brad Kaaya—the ACC’s leading passer—Miami averaged 33.6 points per game before Saturday’s rout and posted 24 points against a Florida State defense that surrenders just 16.1 points per game. But Miami is facing yet another question mark heading into Saturday’s game in Durham—the health of Kaaya, who left the contest against the Tigers early with a concussion. The Los Angeles native’s availability against the Blue Devils is still unknown. In the event Kaaya sits out, backup quarterback Malik Rosier will assume command. With no career starts, Rosier will need help from speedy

The Blue Devils capped what might very well be a season-defining win Saturday with a gritty two-yard plunge from quarterback Thomas Sirk to beat Virginia Tech in quadruple overtime. The play before that, Sirk had lofted a perfect ball in between the cornerback and the safety that fell right into the hands of tight end Erich Schneider for a 25-yard game-tying score. That sequence was, in many ways, a glimpse into what Duke’s offense could (or should?) look like if firing on all cylinders. Sirk’s mobility and toughness on the ground has always been a given, but for much of Saturday he showed the arm strength and downfield accuracy his receivers and coaches often rave about yet have been missing earlier this season. Through seven games, the numbers cast a favorable light on the Blue Devil offense. Duke’s 33.4 points per game sits in the nation’s top 50, and a healthy 5.5 yards per play produces an average of more than 400 yards per contest. That seems to be a trio of positive offensive indicators, but dig a little deeper and those numbers appear skewed thanks to Duke’s first-quarter performances. The Blue Devils have been at their best at the outset of games, scoring at least one firstquarter touchdown in five of their seven contests and kicking a field goal in the other two. Sirk has been particularly precise in the opening 15 minutes, compiling a 69.7 first-quarter completion

See SCOUTING on Page 8

See DATA DIGGING on Page 8

Brian Pollack

Darbi Griffith | The Chronicle Miami quarterback Brad Kaaya suffered a concussion in Saturday’s 58-0 loss to No. 6 Clemson, putting his availability for Saturday’s game in Durham in question.

Devils 22-10 a year ago in South Florida, Miami lost five of its next eight contests. Scott intends to change the atmosphere heading into Saturday and hopes the Blue Devils will be catching the Hurricanes at the wrong time. “Things like passion and emotion pour out of you,” Scott said. “That is a huge piece of what we’re doing right now. Passionate play on the football field starts with…human emotion. We have to create an atmosphere of guys that are disciplined, smart, but having fun.” Miami’s shutout against Clemson is deceiving—although its offensive line and running attack have struggled, the Hurricane offense can score in bunches. Led by sophomore

MEN’S SOCCER

White strikes in overtime as Duke’s streak rolls on Jesús Hidalgo The Chronicle It was not a pretty game, but it was not a pretty evening either. In the middle of a rainy and windy night, sophomore midfielder Brian White made sure the Blue Devils did not go home soaked and empty-handed. White found the back of the net in the 94th minute, giving Duke a 1-0 overtime win against Jacksonville Tuesday JVILLE 0 evening at Koskinen DUKE 1 Stadium. With the victory against the Dolphins, the Blue Devils stretched their winning streak to four matches and will now have to beat Virginia Tech Friday on Senior Night in order to start the ACC tournament in Durham. “[Tonight’s positive aspects are] winning the game, getting a shutout and playing reasonably well throughout the game without being clinical in front of the goal once again,” Duke head coach John Kerr said. “We had to hold on and gather ourselves in going to overtime and we approached [it] well. It

seemed that we were going to be the only one that was going to score the [winning] goal.” Four minutes into overtime, senior captain Zach Mathers took a corner kick from the left side of the pitch that White finished with a header. The golden goal was the Flemington, N.J., native’s sixth of the year, tying him with classmate Jeremy Ebobisse as the team’s second leading striker. “[Mathers] always takes the corners from that area and that’s my run into the near post,” White said. “We made eye contact and I just knew he was going to play it to me. So I just made the hard run to the front post and put [it] on my head.” The Blue Devils (9-6-2) entered Tuesday’s contest with 32 goals in their pocket, with nine of them coming in their last three games. But despite outshooting the Dolphins 17-6 in regulation, Kerr’s squad could not score. In the first half, nine different Blue Devils racked up a shot, but all their attempts missed the target. The Dolphins (3-11-1) only created two firsthalf chances and did not put a shot on frame.

See M. SOCCER on Page 9

Jesús Hidalgo | The Chronicle Sophomore Brian White netted the golden goal in the 94th minute as the Blue Devils won their fourth straight match Tuesday night against Jacksonville.

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WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 2015 | 7

VOLLEYBALL

Duke takes momentum on the road to Wake Forest Peishu Li The Chronicle After defending their home court last weekend, the Blue Devils must take that momentum on the road as they continue their ACC campaign. Duke takes on Wake Forest Wednesday at 6:30 p.m at Reynolds Gymnasium in Winston-Salem, N.C., to kick off a fourgame road trip. In the two weekend games Duke against Pittsburgh vs. and Virginia Tech, the Blue Devils Wake Forest responded well to adversity, coming WEDNESDAY, 6:30 p.m. back to upset the Reynolds Gymnasim Panthers in five sets, and then overwhelming the Hokies with a balanced performance on both sides of the net. “It was an emotional and physical weekend for us. So they were tired. They were happy to have some time on Monday [to rest],” Duke head coach Jolene Nagel said. “I think they were excited to have such a good weekend. I reminded them that we have half the ACC season left right now. So we’ve got a lot of play yet to go.” In the last encounter between the two teams, Duke (10-10, 5-5 in the ACC) swept the visiting Demon Deacons (1012, 2-8) to start their ACC season at Cameron Indoor Stadium. So far this season, Wake Forest has struggled at

home, holding a 3-5 record in WinstonSalem. The Blue Devils have won three out of five matches heading into Wednesday’s contest, and have posted a 3-4 record on the road overall. “I don’t worry about [our road record],” Nagel said. “We had injuries at Long Beach State and at Kansas.... I feel like we are a pretty solid road team, and it’s not easy to go on the road. But we haven’t really been on the road that much, so it doesn’t faze me.” Wake Forest head coach Ken Murczek will look to sophomore outside hitter Kylie Long to carry the Demon Deacon offense. The Plano, Texas, native has 298 kills this season and averages 3.7 kills per set, posting 14 at a .480 hitting percentage in her last game against Pittsburgh. In addition, junior middle blocker Hanna Lee has stepped up in serving, recording 33 service aces this season, tied for secondmost in the ACC. Defensively, Wake Forest is led by sophomore libero Caroline Wolf, who was tabbed the ACC Co-Player of the Week Oct. 19. She followed up the weekly honors by logging 22 total digs against Pittsburgh and Virginia Tech and became the 15th Wake Forest player to have more than 900 digs in her career. Duke’s offense ranks third in the ACC with 14.2 kills per set, courtesy of four players who average at least two kills per set. Senior outside hitter Emily Sklar leads the way with 3.9 kills and 3.0 digs

Haeryn Kim | The Chronicle Middle blocker Jordan Tucker has reached double-digit kills in seven of her last nine contests and will lead the Blue Devils into Reynolds Gymnasium looking for a third straight win.

per set. Middle blockers Jordan Tucker and Leah Meyer have also made their presence felt, combining for 31 kills in the victory against Virginia Tech Sunday. The win against the Hokies was the seventh time in nine matchs that Tucker reached double-digit kills. Junior libero Sasha Karelov spearheads the Blue Devil defense with 5.0 digs per set this year. Up front, Duke’s blocking has steadily improved throughout the season—the Blue Devils outblocked the Hokies 11-8 Sunday, including a gamewinning rejection by Meyer and senior

setter Christina Vucich. Meyer is the team leader in total blocks and blocks per set and has made a well-rounded impact for the Blue Devils in her first year in Durham. With the injury plague slowly receding, Duke will have most of its strength back and will look to improve its on-court chemistry as the season passes the midway point. “I think this team has a lot of [potential] in them, and we are excited to play our next ACC opponent and put all the hard work we’ve been putting in up against and see how we do,” Nagel said.

SCOUTING from page 6 wide receivers Stacey Coley—the 2013 ACC Freshman of the Year—and Herb Waters against the Blue Devils. Miami’s leading receiver, Rashawn Scott, also left the game against Clemson early and has not yet been cleared to play against the Blue Devils. But Duke head coach David Cutcliffe is preparing to see Miami’s key playmakers. “Our guys know how good Miami is,” Cutcliffe said. “Their skill on offense…is really good. Their ability will test us. I would certainly expect that [Kaaya] is going to play.” On the other side of the ball, the Hurricanes rank 77th in the country, allowing 406.1 yards per game. Among Miami’s primary strengths is creating turnovers. The Hurricanes rank second in nation with 16 combined interceptions and fumble recoveries. The Blue Devils have posted three straight turnover-free games and must keep that streak alive Saturday to avoid giving Miami a short field. Like Duke, the Hurricanes have had to juggle the defensive front due to season-ending injuries to key cogs on the defensive front. Starting linebackers Darrion Owens and Raphael Kirby are done for the year, forcing Miami to rely on defensive ends Trent Harris and Tyriq McCord to fill in at linebacker. The Hurricanes surrendered 291 rushing yards against Florida State, followed by 416 on the ground against the Tigers. Although Miami’s secondary has forced 10 interceptions, it has also battled consistency. The Hurricane defensive backs tend to play a soft zone coverage that some opponents have picked apart, and have struggled to get off blocks when defending against the run along the sidelines. During the last two seasons, the Hurricanes folded when they confronted adversity. In 2013, Miami lost four of its last six games following a

nture

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8 | WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 2015

loss to the Seminoles. Last year, another Florida State win was the start of three straight Hurricane losses to finish the season. Now, an even bigger challenge awaits this week against the Blue Devils, and it is up to Miami—now under the direction of Scott—to decide how to respond.

DATA DIGGING from page 6 rate—a significant jump from his 60.1 overall mark. Whether it be a great initial script from the coaching staff or the fact that the opposing defense has yet to make adjustments, Duke’s offense looks pretty good in the opening quarter. From there, the offensive production drops off precipitously. The team’s average points scored per quarter declines from 9.0 in the first quarter to 7.1 in the second and 5.3 in the third. Although the Blue Devil ground game improves slightly as the game progresses— Duke’s yards per carry increase from 4.4 to 4.6 to 4.7—those gains are more than offset by a decrease in passing efficiency. Sirk’s completion percentage in the second and third quarters of 56.7 is 13 points less than his first-quarter mark, and it’s hard to score points as an offense when the completion percentage is hovering below 60 percent, especially when most of those passes are of the underneath variety. As for the all-important fourth quarter, this is where the numbers can be a little deceiving. The Blue Devils’ 63 fourth-quarter points are heavily padded by the soft underbelly of their nonconference schedule—Tulane, N.C. Central and Army, who have combined for just four wins against FBS teams. In the fourth quarters of these three blowout wins, Duke

Graphic by Matthew Conley | The Chronicle

totaled 49 points and 391 yards. Take out those three games, and suddenly Duke’s fourth-quarter offense averages 3.5 points per game with just a single touchdown. In the fourth quarters of non-blowout games, the Blue Devils have played the equivalent of an entire game and totaled just 14 points and 224 yards, with 4.3 yards per attempt by Sirk. Now, back to Saturday’s win at Virginia Tech. The game almost perfectly replicated the trends described above—two early touchdowns in the first quarter as the offense looked primed for a breakout game, but then only 10 points in the last three quarters as the Hokies stormed back to force overtime. Then in the overtime period, Duke scored on each of its four possessions and racked up 21 points. Of course, it is much easier to score when you start with the ball already in field-goal range, but the Blue Devils moved the ball inside the fiveyard line on each of their final three possessions.

Maybe it was the high-stakes pressure of an overtime game, but offensive coordinator Scottie Montgomery became more aggressive with his play-calls—and that seemed to make a difference. Thanks to a 60/40 pass/run split across the four overtime periods—compared to Duke’s overall 45/55 split and 39/61 fourth-quarter breakdown—the offense still picked up 6.2 yards per play despite playing with a short field where they could never gain more than 25 yards on a single play. Although he only attempted six passes, Sirk averaged 8.3 yards per throw, compared to his overall 6.7 average. The Statistics department here might prohibit me from completing the major if I proclaim that a 10-play sample that occurred under very different circumstances than regulation play holds the key to unlocking the Blue Devils’ offense. But, as Virginia Tech can attest to, you can’t really argue with the results.

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M. SOCCER from page 6 The visitors employed a defensive-oriented approach Thursday, with eight or nine players frequently protecting the defending line. Duke headed to the locker room with nothing to show for its efforts. The Blue Devils could have taken the lead in the second half with more of an attacking mindset. In a three-minute span, Duke manufactured its best four closing-period chances, but Mathers’ header went wide in the 65th minute and sophomore attacker Brody Huitema sent another header above the crossbar three minutes later. Just a few seconds after Mathers came within inches of scoring, goalkeeper Marc Meny turned away a long-range shot from freshman midfielder Ciaran McKenna. The Glasgow, Scotland, native powered a second shot from 25 yards out that Meny deflected to the corner in the 69th minute. Jacksonville almost found the back of the net with nine minutes left to play, but goalkeeper Mitch Kupstas snuffed out a shot from forward Ejiroghene Mrabure—the Dolphins’ top-scorer with five goals. Before White delivered the winning goal,

Mathers had the best overtime chance for Duke, but after dribbling past a defender inside the box, the senior midfielder from Keller, Texas, fired a shot that flew above the crossbar. On the other side of the field, the Blue Devils registered their second straight shutout. Kupstas collected two saves against the Dolphins and stretched his scoreless streak to nearly 270 minutes. “Getting two shutouts in a row and getting that momentum and having the belief that you can have the shutout is vital because we have given too many goals this season,” sophomore defender Markus Fjørtoft said. The Blue Devils end their regular season Friday at 7 p.m., when they battle the Hokies looking to secure a home seeding in the opening round of the ACC tournament. “Every game is tough, no matter who you’re playing,” Kerr said. sudoku_501B “We’ve got to keep believing in what we’re doing. If webycan click and score early, Created Peter Ritmeester/Presented by Will Shortz 7 us. To 6 be 5 honest, we things seem to calm down for 8 9at the had some looks at the goal and our striking 7 on goal was way off target 6and we’ve got to work 2 7 It was 3 a bit off that [as well as our] approach play. 9 bit easier in the first half. We should make it1a little 4 to finish our chances.” 8 9

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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10 | WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 2015

From Cecil the lion to South African tuition

n recent weeks, thousands of South African college students protested across the country against the since-frozen tuition hikes of up to 10 percent in the country’s university system. The protests were the largest organization of student activists since the 1976 Soweto uprisings against the imposition of Afrikaans as the local school language. Today, students rally against institutionalized exclusionary practices of their country’s higher education system. The hikes exacerbated the racial and income inequality that have persisted since the end of formal apartheid in 1994 by pricing many lower-class individuals out of the education widely considered key to economic mobility. Students continue to protest because it remains to be seen whether the resolution will lead to a long-term solution in which costs actually fall to more accessible levels. While South African students protest, the international community and other college students look on with varying levels of support and concern. Since it began to position itself as an intentionally global university, Duke has created DukeEngage, DukeImmerse and other programs to familiarize students with the African continent and South Africa in particular. The program connections to South Africa prompt us to question the lack of

“It seems that Duke as a whole does not care about the living situation of its students, and still persists on charging the most amount of money they can for room & board.” — “Juan Granados” commenting on the Oct. 27 article “Flooding compounds Central housing concerns”

LETTERS POLICY The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address. Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns. The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

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student energy on these structural issues and further highlights opportunities for students to go beyond hashtag activism. Students taking issue with rising education costs is nothing new. One needs only to take the example of Duke where tuition costs have steadily risen over the years and burden of student loans placed on students and their families has increased. American students ought to be strongly in solidarity with the South African protesters. The conflict points to a failure on our part to recognize college affordability and the effects of its cost as a structural issue. Moreover, this issue presents the

Editorial difference between life and death for some South Africans as the opportunity to escape a debilitating poverty cycle was pulled away from poorer students. Indeed, our attention here speaks to a bigger issue of utter hypocrisy. Our short attention spans and affinity for glamorous causes fundamentally undermine our engagement with the developing world. To fundamentally change the lives of others requires greater effort and sacrifice than needed to rally in support of causes célèbres like the death of Cecil the lion. One Zimbabwean said, “[W]

e have water shortages, no electricity, and no jobs … I saw Cecil once when I visited the game park. I will probably miss him.” Trendy youth culture is liable to support causes with little congruence to the aspirations of citizens, though rallying for both causes need not be mutually exclusive given due consideration of the issues. Moreover, our attention shifts much too readily with the news cycle’s volatility. Think #BringBackOurGirls. Think #Kony2012. For a truly sustained approach to international issues we must readily grapple with the complexities of the issues that push us out of our comfort zones. As students at an elite university, we are uniquely positioned to do something more than tweet about the injustices like those in South Africa, as those who organized Sunday’s solidarity march did. Solidarity with a movement means committing to understanding the persistent racial disparities and the legacy of apartheid that have been central to the #feesmustfall movement. The violent police response to the protests was clearly reminiscent of the apartheid era and gave us a glimpse into the very issues of global racism and systemic oppression that linger in the country. As America battles with institutionalized racism in its own ways and headlines, we are further challenged to put our issues into the global perspective.

A lesson from across the pond

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n May, the Scottish National Party won 56 seats in British Parliament, almost 9 percent of the popular vote. In the U.S., there is not a single third-party member of Congress, and the third most popular party, the Libertarians, did not even register 1 percent of the popular vote. Why this disparity? In America, a vote for a third party is a wasted vote. The winner-takes-all nature of American politics means that third parties can almost never directly affect policy. The end-result is a negative one: important policy issues are ignored, voter choices are limited and gridlock ensues.

American voter base is only “nominally moderate.” In actual fact, they hold radical positions on both sides of the political spectrum; these positions average out to create the impression of a “moderate” voter. By limiting voter choices to two parties, the presidential system breeds the general dissatisfaction with American politics we see today. The final harmful aspect of winner-takes-all Electoral College style elections is gridlock. The legislative branch and executive branch are voted on separately in the United States, which can result in a “hung” government.

Duke Political Union BURKE & PAINE Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders ran (and won) as an independent, self-declared socialist in Vermont for many years. Yet he is running for president as a Democrat. The Electoral College system says that the candidate with the most votes in any given state will receive all of the electoral votes in that state. This inherently puts third party or upstart candidates at a disadvantage. But the two-party endemic is not limited to presidential elections. Bernie Sanders is the exception, rather than the rule, when it comes to Congress. Despite 65 percent of Americans saying they are dissatisfied with the twoparty system, they don’t display this dissatisfaction in their voting because they feel their votes will be wasted (or worse, helpful to their opposition). For example, a liberal voter passionate about the environment will choose not to vote for the Green Party because it could potentially help the GOP’s chances against the Democrats. There are several reasons this narrow political dynamic is so dangerous. For one, issues get ignored. Third parties often focus on specific policy or regional problems—think the Green Party in the U.S. or UKIP in the United Kingdom. The parliamentary system allows these parties to have at least a modicum of political sway. When a party cannot garner a majority of the seats in parliament—as was the case in the U.K. 2010 general elections—it will often form coalitions to get legislation passed. After that election, the Liberal Democrats, despite only commanding 62 seats in parliament, were able to pass a host of moderate reforms because of their coalition with the Conservatives. The presidential system of government establishes two broad swathes of political persuasion. Yet because voters essentially have only two choices, radicalization is more likely. While voters remain moderate, parties on the whole have drifted further and further from the center. For evidence of this phenomena, see the increased polarization of Congress since the 1970s. But because radical voters have disproportionate influence on party politics, moderate voters are often left marginalized. Recent findings show that a large portion of the

Having a Republican controlled Congress and Democrat president perhaps explains why gridlock is the number one reason Americans are critical of Congress. In a parliamentary system, the executive and legislative branches are elected simultaneously—there is no danger of massive gridlock or government shutdowns. Also, by linking the two branches in elections, a parliamentary system gives more say to the voters come election day. The Electoral College, state by state, is winnertakes-all. The result is that a Democrat voting in Texas is irrelevant in presidential elections, just like a Republican voting in Massachusetts or a third-party supporter voting, well, anywhere. There are a handful of “swing states” that decide who will be president every four years, and the rest of the country simply falls into line. A parliamentary system increases individual voter efficacy by narrowing the voters’ sphere to districts, much like congressional elections here. But by applying this greater feeling of efficacy to an executive branch vote, the U.K. is better able to engage its voter base than the U.S. In fact, the voter turnout in the U.K. in the 2015 general election was 66 percent, while only 58 percent in the United States in 2012. Now to be clear, a parliamentary system of government is not perfect. The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution in a time when authoritarianism in government was the chief worry. A separation of powers between legislative and executive was an ingenious way to guard against that worry. But it is important to recognize that, in the modern era, a rogue tyrannical state is not going to happen. We are instead faced with party radicalization and political gridlock—two very real concerns that threaten America’s future. Perhaps I’m biased as a British/Canadian citizen, but I think America has something to learn from across the pond. DPU’s Burke & Paine is a biweekly column that runs on alternate Wednesdays. Each column will feature a different writer and will cover a different topic related to political engagement. Trinity freshman Alex Rego wrote this week’s column.

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Iran never needed a nuclear weapon

A dying paternalism

rom Sophie Cruz’s crayonscrawled letter to the pope, to Jesus “Chuy” Huerta’s memory— his vigil march forged by injustice and tear gas—to the unsung women of color on this campus that sin ningua queja hold it down, to my primos luchando para estudiar en este país, to the newly born “anchor babies,” to the undocumented workers still unpaid to renovate the Marriot hotel downtown, to my Black herman@s still without sanctuary, to the obituaries and pantheons littering my tongue, yo dedico estas palabras a tí… Code-switching is as natural for me as a heartbeat, so let me first be perfectly

to do your job of recruiting Latino students, but when I turn back and say, what’s in it for me, you say, “Oh I’m sorry, there’s just no room?” (Inevitably someone will cry out, but what about the Bryan Center office space, to which I’d reply, oh, you mean the janitor’s closet in between two toilets? Oh si, un mundo de diferencia) There is a house in ruins, and we are its children on display. Lamentablemente, our people are treated like moving furniture, sentenced to build, set up and clean up spaces that rarely include us. As I doze off and on into self-care, I find mi pueblo shuffling garbage cans as I leave

oo many Americans are content with the Iranian nuclear deal because they believe that it will curb Iran’s efforts to produce a nuclear weapon. Aside from the fact that the deal doesn’t do nearly enough to accomplish even this, the forgotten truth is that Iranian aggression is not solely limited to a nuclear weapon. The Iranian regime has many goals— from exporting radical Shia Islamism to destroying the state of Israel and the Western world—but a nuclear weapon

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GUEST COLUMN

THE UNKNOWN IDEAL

clear: this university sterilizes my difference for the sake taste of (white) consumption. I parenthesize whiteness because such is the grammar of privilege, how it bleeds into every syntax of life. As James Baldwin, a month after the 1965 Watts Rebellion, described our grooming: one goes through “a kind of mill.” Slowly eroding any critical sense of self, I, after four years of its caustic sanitizing, am left to pick up traces of myself. All that’s left is a “safe” sameness, one constantly hailed to approve of how “authentic” Mexican food is, to sit at countless diversity panels, always performing a pre-packaged Other. From the moment I set foot on this campus, I am tempted to surrender everything I recognize as home for the false idol that is outperforming whiteness. I’m not represented but re-presented. Porque aquí, as a “cultural” leader, I am reduced to the Chipotle politics of organizing salsa dance lessons, to serve as a paisa Rosetta Stone, an “articulate” brown token waged in the Sisyphean summit to be legible under your rubric of “inclusivity” and “equity,” a progressive droll rapidly dissolving within my everyday experience. In this ivory plantation, I am janitor to colorblind mess halls. For when white supremacy grew drunk under its own upbringing, vomited racist chants, wore my beautiful heritage as cheap polyester at parties and “accidentally” hung nooses, I mopped up the mess, forced to make sense of the senseless. Immediately, the university grew concerned for its safety. But when I cried, I am the problem, a gag reflex stirring our beloved melting pot, a blemish on otherwise pristine classrooms, at best a teaching moment for the colorblind (more accurately, the socially deaf). This latest episode laid down the final mortar pressed against my lungs, forcing me to exhale: this system, in its 400 years of existence, never evolved a place for me. Under this racist optic, our cultural spaces serve primarily not as pride but as survival. For what does community mean when its people identify with admissions checkboxes more than the spaces we tediously seek to create? What does community mean when half its student body is hidden at best and, at worst, deployed as institutional mechanism to trivialize our protest? Y más bien, how is it that my people can build these walls, clean the dormitories, serve the food, literally set the stage, but the space itself is limited “because of construction?” Why is it that I, as someone here for four years, who barely came out of high school, am burdened

from Perkins at 4 a.m., only to re-appear greeting me at McDonalds, hollering, “Qué pasó licenicado!?” (What’s up lawyer?). Y me pregunto constántemente, como una mosca perforando el ruido blanco de la complacencia, quién soy yo? The perennial question emerges, how does the racial-ethnic body survive in captivity? What is its life-source when dissected from its social body? Herein lies my mytho-historical consciousness, soaring across continents: from floating islands, to neglected barrios and ghettoes, to the amputations of academia. If Langston Hughes’ spoke of ancient, dusky rivers, I speak of El Rio Grande, of my father’s sweat, christening the border fence— that coyote ritual baptizing entry. He is an unlicensed doctor, each I.V. drop cleanses the barbed wire politics lodged inside my throat. He is a historian sin doctorado, for his heroism never appears in textbooks, at best smuggling footnotes in his huaraches, in costales de frijol. In the midst of clandestine racism, of slave ship inscriptions reappearing in Yik Yak posts, I drink from these policed well-springs—to keep my sanity, to sanctify mi lucha: my mother persignándome before I leave for school, my father quitando su chaleqo coming from a graveyard shift, my tío’s stereo speakers drowning the whole block with grainy norteñas, the percussionist slabs of my abuelita tortillando oral traditions over passed-down stone grinders. All are poetics of a people, unos que retumban el corazón, as it slowly dies in these sanitized walls. Its music softly plays against a mosaic of memory, one that struggles to remember, as well as forget. It is only with an undying love for la causa, to see our humanity in the charred churches of Birmingham, the neatly stacked rows of white crosses pilfering the Juarez Desert, it is only by entrenching ourselves in the endless theatres of human immiseration, that Sam Cooke’s change finally gon’ come. And so, my words are nothing more than a boundless affirmation of love for my people, as they come in all shades of anger. It is only con un espíritu inquieto, a restless spirit, that we’ll stop embalming our bodies for racial taxidermists, a selfcongratulatory, liberal gaze that pats its back at the expense of our bentones. Given the ceaseless invalidation of our reality, hay que tomar refugio en otra: that if there is a place for us at the table, it is because we carved it out, through the carpentry of protracted struggle. Antonio López is a Trinity senior.

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is not a necessity. What is essential is the money and power that Iran depends on in order to fund its Middle Eastern proxies that fulfill its radical goals. As Iran’s own General declared, “Our ideal is not [nuclear] centrifuges but the destruction of the White House and the annihilation of Zionism.” Tehran has known all along that it could never obtain a nuclear weapon capable of threatening the region—and certainly not one anywhere close to threatening Israel— without having their nuclear capabilities instantaneously demolished. What the Iranian leaders did know, however, was that they could take advantage of the naïve and politically driven leaders of the West to acquire funds that have long been locked up. Specifically, they received well over 100 billion dollars solely from unfreezing assets and also tens of billions of expected dollars from new trade each and every year. Supporters of the nuclear deal sure don’t seem to mind—Iran won’t have its hands on a nuclear weapon in the next few years, they justify. Too many, however, have blinded themselves from Iran’s true involvement in nearly every part of the Middle East and almost always to our peril. In the fight to destroy Israel and also spread the Shiite revolution, Iran has commissioned its proxy—and infamous terrorist group—Hezbollah to fight for its interests from the Lebanese side of the Middle East. Founded on the principles of Shia radicalism, with the Supreme Leader of Iran as the highest clerical authority, the U.S. Department of State reports that this terrorist organization receives most of its “financial, training, weapons, explosives, political, diplomatic, and organizational aid from Iran” at a rate of about 100 to 200 million dollars per year. Iran also relies heavily on Hezbollah to ensure that one of its greatest allies in the region, Assad, remains in power. Over the past three years, Hezbollah has funneled money, fighters and weapons into Syria to back Assad’s regime. As of this past summer, it is believed that Hezbollah has “roughly 6,000 to 8,000 fighters on the ground” and that since 2013, “roughly 700 to 1,000 fighters have been killed or wounded in battle.” In addition, Iran spends an estimated $6 billion each year to support the Assad regime–not including Hezbollah or the funds that the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps uses to support its own Iranian military initiatives such as the deployment of “hundreds of trained snipers” to bolster the Assad forces. If it were not for Iran, the civil war in Syria would have certainly taken a less deadly path.

Although Iran is engaged in an Islamic revolution to prop up Shiite regimes, there is at least one Sunni ally that Iran has remained loyal to. Hamas, while Sunni, shares the common goal of annihilating the state of Israel and has been an open-handed recipient of Iran’s generous aid. During the first few months of 2015—yes, during the nuclear deal negotiations—Iran transferred tens of millions of dollars to Hamas so that it could rebuild the tunnels it used to carry out terrorist attacks against

Israel in the 2014 summer war and to rebuild its stockpile of rockets that will sooner or later be launched at Israeli civilians. As the head of Iran’s Parliament kindly summarized, “We proudly say we support the Palestinians, military and financially…The Zionist regime needs to realize that Palestinian military power comes from Iranian military power.” If Iran’s motives are not yet clear, I can continue. Iran’s assertion of its influence in the region dates all the way back the conclusion of the 1979 revolution and the creation of the Quds Force, the branch of the IRGC responsible for military operations outside of Iranian territory and tasked with exporting the principles of the Shiite revolution. In Iraq, Iran pledged to support stability but has done the opposite. In its report on terrorism, the U.S. Department of State notes that, for years, Iran has provided “Iraqi Shia militant groups targeting US and Iraqi forces, as well as civilians,” with weapons, funding, training and lethal support. The Quds Force, along with Hezbollah, trained Shia militants on how to use advanced IED technology and weaponry kindling further instability and increased causalities among US forces. Now, with the rise of the Islamic State and the vacuum created by the U.S. withdrawal, Iran’s Shiite militias have remobilized in Iraq and are asserting their influence from Amerli to Tikrit— Iraq’s second largest city. In Yemen, the Shiite Houthi rebels certainly did not take over the central government without help. Iran had been sending weapons shipments to the Houthi rebels for years, hoping that they would play “a role similar to that of Hezbollah in Lebanon.” In Afghanistan, Iranian shipments of rockets and ammunition to the Taliban have been intercepted multiple times. In 2011, the United States foiled an Iranian-backed terror plan to assassinate Saudi Arabia’s ambassador to the United States in Washington, D.C. Iran is not an innocent country burdened by our sanctions, as some like to portray it. It is a country that deprives its citizens of basic needs in order to bankroll terrorism and violence throughout the world. Iran’s interests are far different than our own and to believe that handing over billions of dollars to this regime will go without bolstering our enemies is ludicrous. To ignore Iran’s intentions in the world is foolish. And to believe that this is a good deal is simply naïve. Barak Biblin is a Trinity sophomore. His column runs on alternate Wednesdays.

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