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Academic Council debates master’s degree programs

ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH YEAR, ISSUE 39

Battle for Latinx food on campus continues

Bre Bradham The Chronicle During its Thursday meeting, Academic Council considered changes to its master’s degree program approval process put forth by the Academic Programs Committee. The proposed resolution outlined metrics by which master’s programs can be approved and reviewed. The suggested changes follow a 51 percent growth in the total size of Duke’s master’s degree programs since 2004, noted Emily Bernhardt, chair of the committee and a professor of biology. The council also discussed its rules regarding faculty governance in the wake of last month’s Duke Kunshan University vote, before going into a private executive session to be briefed on cyber security updates for the University. “These are complicated issues, but I feel that we have made pretty good progress on them,” said Ed Balleisen, vice provost for interdisciplinary studies, on the proposal regarding master’s degrees. See MASTER’S on Page 4

Carolyn Chang | The Chronicle With the Chef’s Kitchen planning to rotate out its current Latinx food options, representatives from Mi Gente are working to add more Latinx menu items to campus eateries.

Abigail Xie The Chronicle Junior Samantha Garza, co-president of Mi Gente, brought concerns about the lack of Latinx food options on campus to the Duke University Student Dining Advisory Committee Thursday. Currently, no on-campus eatery, food truck or Merchants-on-Point program vendor is dedicated to serving Latinx food—besides the Chef’s Kitchen, a popup restaurant in West Union that serves

Mexican food for lunch and is meant to have a rotating theme. Garza said she has met with Fares Hanna— owner of Twinnie’s, Blue Express, Farmstead and Sprout—to discuss the prospect of Blue Express adding Latinx menu items. Mi Gente is still concerned, however, that Blue Express’s location is “out of the way” compared to West Union’s, Garza noted. “We’re really trying to push for something that’s visible and something that’s accessible— maybe not your grab-and-go food, but more of a sit down Latin meal,” Garza said. Blue Express did recently start offering

new Latinx food options on a rotating basis, noted Robert Coffey, director of dining services. Garza said she will be meeting with other owners of campus vendors to discuss the addition of Latinx food options to more eateries on campus. She also noted that she has received feedback from other Latinx groups on campus and the Students of the Caribbean Association, which expressed that Caribbean food was not well represented on campus either. Coffey requested a list of specific menu items that Garza and Latinx student organizations would like to see offered, and DUSDAC chair Brian Taylor—Trinity ‘16 and a current master’s student in the Nicholas School of the Environment—asked for restaurant suggestions that could be considered as potential new vendors. “Food trucks and MOPs are a way to fill vacancies we have in food campus options,” Taylor said. Since Parlez-Vous Crêpe dropped out of the food truck line-up earlier in the semester due to low sales, its slot in the program has remained open. Two to three slots are also currently open for the MOP delivery program, Taylor said. The committee brought up Makus Empanadas, a Durham restaurant, as a possible option for the MOP program. One committee member also noted that Guasaca Arepa and Salsa Grill, which was discussed for a few meetings as a potential MOP addition, has expressed that it is not ready to handle the volume of deliveries it See DUSDAC on Page 4

Downward goat? Farm hosts yoga with unexpected animals Jamie Cohen The Chronicle It’s Sunday morning. You’re in the downward dog position when a goat walks onto your yoga mat and plops down beneath you. There are only two possibilities for what’s happening—either you’re in a “Hangover” sequel or at Hux Family Farm, which offers yoga events with its 14 Nigerian dwarf goats. Located 20 minutes from campus near Falls Lake, the Hux Family Farm is a four-acre farm run by Amanda Avery and Matthew Hux that hosts free public events, often attracting Duke students. “We were going to start a dairy farm, but we decided to use our goats for therapy, yoga, meditation and working with people of all ages instead,” Avery said.

Every fourth Sunday from April through September, the farm is open to the public for goat playtime. Last month, the farm started hosting Goat Yoga, sponsored by Bikram Yoga in Durham, after Avery heard about a goat yoga event taking place in Oregon. The popularity of it took her by surprise, she said. “I posted a goat yoga event on Facebook with the expectation of it being a small event,” Avery said. “The class sold out within 48 hours. It was crazy.” Goat Yoga has received such great feedback that Hux Family Farm plans to launch a full relaxation program at the end of March 2017. The program will include two goat yoga classes— one beginner and one intermediate/

See GOATS on Page 4

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Jamie Cohen | The Chronicle Located near campus, Hux Family Farm offers meditation and yoga classes with their Nigerian dwarf goats.

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Study shows gender gap in life Policy students contemplate expectancy has not changed careers in Trump’s government Shagun Vashisth The Chronicle A recent study found that during the last 200 years, the human race has seen its biggest life expectancy boost in primate history. Professor of Biology Susan Alberts coauthored the study, which showed that advances in medicine and public health have decreased infant and child mortality to result in longer lifespans—but men still lag behind women in life expectancy. The research team found that females outlive males in every population of wild primates studied, with the male disadvantage having deep evolutionary roots. “Industrialized humans in the 21st century are more different in their lifespan from 18th century Europeans and hunter-gatherers than those 18th century Europeans and huntergatherers are from non-human primates,” Alberts wrote in an email. “We have come an astonishingly long way in lifespan in the past few hundred years.” The research team—which included

scientists from Germany, Denmark, Kenya and Canada—compiled birth and death records for more than a million people around the world, ranging from the 18th century to the present. They then combined this information with data about the lifespans of six species of wild primates including lemurs, monkeys, baboons, chimpanzees and gorillas, which have been studied for the past several decades. “The data sets are precious and irreplaceable,” Alberts wrote. In the non-human primates studied, there were no significant changes in life expectancy. However, the research indicated that humans are making faster gains in life expectancy than ever before in primate history. The study also showed that the malefemale gap in life expectancy was consistent throughout human history, which Alberts said was surprising. For instance, females in Sweden in the early 1800s would typically outlive their male counterparts by three See GENDER GAP on Page 4

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Despite increases in life expectancy, women still have longer lifespans than men, the study discovered.

Joyce Er The Chronicle In light of a Donald Trump’s recent presidential victory, some Duke public policy students are reevaluating their career options in the federal government. Although some students plan to avoid working in the federal government altogether, others remain committed despite acknowledging deterring factors. The Sanford School of Public Policy’s Embark program, which helps students find jobs and internships in policy work, is prepared to assist public policy majors in their future aspirations. “[A Trump presidency] makes working in the federal government less appealing because I don’t want to be seen as supporting Trump’s policies, and they don’t align with what I hope to do in terms of changing social policy,” said Clark Edwards, a master’s student in public policy. Senior Kasey Wien, who is majoring in public policy and statistics, said she will be

reevaluating her professional plans as well. Although she has long considered a job in the United States Department of Agriculture, she currently has doubts. “Now that Trump will be appointing the Secretary of Agriculture, I’m not sure I want to work under his administration,” she wrote in an email. Wien added that she will more likely apply for state or local government jobs, as well as jobs in the private sector. However, not all students are ruling out government work. Senior Arielle Kahn noted that her initial ambivalence about a Trump presidency has changed into a newfound determination to pursue her desired career path. “I was incredibly excited to start my career in government under the leadership of the first female president,” Kahn wrote in an email. “After some time, though, I have come to realize that I will not change my career aspirations and the work that I care about will be more important than ever.” See POLICY on Page 4

Chronicle File Photo The Sanford School of Public Policy’s Embark program aims to help students find jobs and internships in policy work.

Are you thinking about getting a PhD?

THE MELLON MAYS UNDERGRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM AT DUKE

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IS CURRENTLY RECRUITING SOPHOMORES AND A SELECT NUMBER OF JUNIORS WHO ARE PLANNING TO MAJOR IN AND ATTEND A PhD PROGRAM FOLLOWING GRADUATION IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES: Anthropology and Archeology Area/Cultural/Ethnic/Gender Studies Art History Classics Geography and Population Studies English

Film, Cinema and Media Studies (theoretical focus) Musicology and Ethnomusicology Foreign Languages and Literature History Linguistics

Literature Performance Studies (theoretical focus) Philosophy Religion and Theology Sociology Theater (theoretical focus)

The fundamental objective of MMUF is to address, over time, the problem of underrepresentation in the academy at the level of college and university faculties. This goal can be achieved both by increasing the number of students from underrepresented minority groups who pursue PhDs and by supporting the pursuit of PhDs by students who may not come from traditional minority groups but have otherwise demonstrated a commitment to the goals of MMUF. The MMUF program is designed to encourage fellows to enter PhD programs that prepare students for professorial careers; it is not intended to support students who intend to go on to medical school, law school or other professional schools. All students are welcome to apply for MMUF, though applications are particularly encouraged from African-Americans, Latinos and Latinas, Native Americans, and other under-represented minorities. Mellon Mays fellows recruited as sophomores receive two years of support, an annual stipend of $7,500 ($3,900 for the summer and $1,800 each semester), a $750 summer housing allowance, and an annual research travel budget of $600. Those fellows recruited as juniors receive one summer + one academic year of support. Additionally, each senior fellow receives a $400 research budget to cover project-related expenses and a $600 allocation for a GRE prep course. Each mentor receives a yearly award of $800.

For further information and application materials, visit our website: http://undergraduateresearch.duke.edu/urs-programs/mellon-mays-undergraduate-fellowship-program Questions? Contact: Dr. Kerry Haynie, 660-4366 (klhaynie@duke.edu) / Ms. Deborah Wahl, 684-6066 (deborah.wahl@duke.edu)

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Tom Ross shares ideas for restoring trust in democracy

Bre Bradham | The Chronicle Tom Ross served as president of the University of North Carolina system from 2011 to 2015 and is now a Terry Sanford Distinguished Fellow at Duke.

Frances Beroset The Chronicle What will it take to restore trust in the United States’ political system? Tom Ross, president emeritus of the University of North Carolina system and current Terry Sanford Distinguished Fellow at Duke, attempted to answer that question in a lecture Thursday evening at the Sanford School of Public Policy. The talk, entitled “Divided We Fall: Restoring Trust in our Democracy,” was hosted by the Sanford School. Ross was introduced by President Richard Brodhead, who described him as a long-time friend and addressed him

directly after sharing a story about bringing Ross to a Duke vs. Davidson College basketball game at Cameron Indoor Stadium. Brodhead joked that it seemed like more people in the stadium knew Ross than him. “Everybody assumes, if you’re from North Carolina, you know something about this person—Tom Ross,” Brodhead said. “You’ve represented the university system with dignity, with passion, with patience if necessary. This state owes you an eternal debt of gratitude for your service.” Ross said that he was honored to hold the title of Terry Sanford Fellow, and that the occasion meant a lot to him as an admirer of the late Sanford, a former North Carolina governor, U.S. senator and president of Duke.

“I think I’ve given truly hundreds of public speeches in my career, and I’ll be honest when I say that I’ve never been more nervous or more intimidated than I am right now,” Ross said. Alluding to the title of the talk, Ross said after the election he almost completely rewrote his intended speech. Ultimately, Ross strongly advocated redrawing legislative districts to be nonpartisan, citing an effort that Duke hosted in August that allowed a panel of former N.C. judges to create a fair sample plan. Competitive districts would lead to more faith in elections, he noted. “I believe it is the key to solving the most broken aspects of our political system,” Ross said. “I’m convinced that if we move to a nonpartisan redistricting system in all of our states in this country, that that may be one of, if not the most, important changes we can make if we wish to preserve our democracy and make it work well.” Government does not get enough credit for the things it does well, he noted, which causes even greater distrust. To increase trust in government, people have to highlight the things it does well. “The truth is that government already works quite effectively in many aspects of our lives, the problem is we take all that for granted,” Ross said. “So I’m betting that when you wake up in the morning and at some point you flush the toilet, you’re not thinking about your waste water treatment plant, and how it got there and how it’s functioning, or the sewer system and whether it has leaks in it.” Ross alluded to President-elect Donald Trump’s recent claims that millions of people voted illegally in the Nov. 8 presidential election as an example of a harmful statement to the country. “These allegations can do irreparable

damage to our democracy,” Ross said. “Because when a country stops believing in its election, where are we? Look in our world where people don’t believe in the vote, they don’t believe in elections. Because often times what follows next is revolt.” Before serving as president of the 17-campus University of North Carolina system—from which he was forced to resign by the Board of Governors in 2015—Ross was executive director of the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation and spent 17 years as a Superior Court judge. Ross also urged students in the audience to consider a career in government. “Is the pay going to be as great as one of the consulting firms? ” Ross asked. “Probably not, but is the difference that you’re going to make to your fellow citizens greater? Maybe.”

Bre Bradham | The Chronicle President Brodhead and his wife Cindy attended the event Thursday night.

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GENDER GAP from page 2

POLICY from page 2

or four years. Now, even though the life expectancy for people in Sweden has increased by 45 years, the gap is still similar. The male-female gap in life expectancy held true for all non-human wild primate populations that the researchers examined. Not only did females outlive their male counterparts, but improvements in male life expectancy were not as evenly spread as the improvements among females. The study’s authors noted several hypotheses for the gap. Some said that the presence of a second X chromosome in females may be a factor. Others proposed that gender differences in tendencies to engage in risky behaviors could contribute to the difference. As for the other trends, further research— including longitudinal studies of several populations of primates—would be required in order to generalize the patterns applicable to humans to other primates, Alberts said. Alberts noted the significance of studying not just humans, but also primates and apes. “Humans in a totally natural context—with no modern medicine, no agriculture, limited technology—cluster very much with other primates [in aging patterns],” she wrote.

Suzanne Valdivia, assistant director of internships at the Sanford School of Public Policy, noted that she is remaining optimistic about internship prospects for public policy majors looking to complete major requirements this year. “It is difficult to know for sure which Senate and congressional offices and committees will be hiring interns while this transition is occurring,” she said. “But I am hopeful that things will settle down by the time our students start applying to internships in those offices in the new year.” Valdivia added that she has faith in students who remain dedicated to making change through policy and politics, regardless of big political shifts. She noted that policy work can also be done in think tanks, advocacy groups and lobbying firms. “I don’t think these areas are going to see a downturn in their need for smart, motivated students who want to make an impact,” she said.

MASTER’S from page 1

The master’s program resolution noted that the Academic Council has raised questions in from page 1 the past about the framework through which new proposals are evaluated, the process would face as an MOP. for evaluating the “quality and impact” of programs following their initial pilot phase In other business: and the impact of new degree programs on Inconsistencies in the food trucks showing existing ones. up at their assigned locations have been The resolution also focused on the “hidden “major,” Coffey said. Gussy’s food truck has cost” of programs to University resources and been one of the only ones that have been related departments. consistent, with Gus Megaloudis, the owner Some of the proposal’s recommendations of Gussy’s, reporting up to $400 in sales per pushed for degree program proposals to night, Coffey added. include specific metrics by which to evaluate

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their success—such as increasing diversity among faculty and students, growth of faculty and research activities and the financial health of the program and its department. “We want to see that there is a compelling vision at the beginning, and we want to see that people stay engaged and are enthusiastic about something as it proceeds,” Bernhardt said. “These are the sorts of things that suggest that it is worth peoples’ time to be engaged. These intangibles are a big part of our conversation when we review.” Jane Richardson, James B. Duke professor of medicine and biochemistry, raised a question about the possibility of keeping up with students after they graduate in order to more fully evaluate the success of the program. Included in the resolution is a recommendation that the degree programs should include information about the employment rates of graduates on their websites for the benefit of prospective students. Members of the council also debated the future of faculty governance in light of the successful development and approval of an undergraduate degree program at Duke Kunshan University last month. Joshua Sosin, an associate professor of classical studies and member of the executive committee of Academic Council, facilitated the discussion, which ranged from mentorship of less-experienced council members to the representation of non-tenure track faculty on committees and governance bodies. “It is critically important that all of these venues of initiating communication, discussions and proposals remain active and engaged,” said Nan Jokerst, chair of the Academic Council. “That is the point of our conversation today—how to be proactive as a council in identifying and pursuing our priorities, as well as partnering with the administration, all in the spirit of rowing in the same direction to move Duke forward.”

GOATS from page 1 advanced—along with classes for meditation with goats. First-year Rachel Sit, an attendee of the farm’s last goat yoga event, said she loved interacting with the animals. “My favorite part was definitely that throughout the class you’d be doing some pose and all of the sudden you would feel a goat nibbling on your sock or one would come lay on your mat,” she said. Hux Family Farm also plans to launch a reading therapy program, in which kids will read to the goats, at the end of March. “This isn’t about the kids necessarily improving their reading but rather about them enjoying reading more and having a fun time reading to the goats,” Avery said. Other events provided by the farm include goat milking, baby goat races, soap making, cheese tasting and produce picking. The farm is also known for hosting birthday parties, agricultural classes and boy scout and girl scout troops. Of the farm’s goats, the biggest female is 50 pounds, and the biggest male is 65 pounds. The farm sells a range of goat products like goat milk and goat milk soap—and occasionally the actual goats. “The farm is such a fun and entertaining place. It’s perfect for people who love animals, and you don’t need much experience for goat yoga,” said first-year Sam Kost, who attended the farm’s last goat yoga event. Avery noted that the business aims to help people of all ages enjoy nature and animals. “Our greatest pleasure comes from seeing people just excited to be around the goats,” she said.

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DOES GRAYSON ALLEN PLAY DIRTY? Comparing the superstar guard to past Blue Devil villains

Shaker Samman The Chronicle On the day Grayson Allen committed to play basketball in Durham, SB Nation published an article calling him the player fans will love to hate. “JUST LOOK AT HIM,” SB Nation pleaded. Indeed, Duke’s roster always seems to have a villain—a scrappy, energetic white kid from the heart of suburbia with an exceptionally punchable face accepts a full scholarship. The Blue Devil haters don’t like him from the start and get new ammunition for their feelings every time he does something questionable. Duke’s greatest villain was Christian Laettner, who prompted vitriol at the mere mention of his name. In 2013—more than 20 years after he graduated—Laettner won (or lost?) a Grantland “tournament” pitting the most hated college players of all time against each other. Players were submitted in categories: the 80s, 90s, 00s and Duke. The champion? Laettner. His Elite Eight matchup was another Dukie, J.J. Redick. He was cocky. He was arrogant. And no matter how great his accomplishments were on the court—he once dropped 41 points on the No. 2 team in

the county—they were always overshadowed by his antics. He threw up the 3-pointgoggles and taunted opposing crowds, embracing the bad-boy reputation. There was brief respite from villains when Duke teams were filled with fun, friendly faces— Jabari Parker! Tyus Jones! Marshall Plumlee!—but now the Blue Devils have someone for opposing fans to hate once again. Grayson Allen has grown into a perfect villain. After bursting onto the scene against Wisconsin with a showing so scrappy it won a national title, Allen spent last season as the team’s star. As a sophomore, he averaged 21.6 points per game—a team high. Surely, his rise to greatness would be the dominant story of his season, right? Unfortunately for him, Duke haters have pushed another narrative—Allen plays dirty. On a fateful night in February, while laying on the baseline, our hero stretched out his leg and clipped Ray Spalding on the top of his right foot. Then, against Florida State later in the month, Allen again found himself tangled up with another player, only this time at half-court. A leg was extended. An FSU guard was on the ground. And if this wasn’t enough to sour his

Jack White | The Chronicle Junior Grayson Allen tripped three players last spring and has been compared to former stars such as Christian Laettner and J.J. Redick.

image to the basketball-loving public at large, Allen was implicated once more, in Duke’s Round of 32 win against Yale in the NCAA tournament, when another player ended up on the floor. Throw in a handshake denial against Oregon in the Sweet 16, and you’ve got all the makings of a Certified Dirty Player. But is it true? Is Grayson Allen really all that dirty? To answer that, we have to check the tapes.

To assess Grayson’s transgressions, we’re going to rate them on the Laettner scale, from 1 Laettner Face (a misdemeanor) to 5 Laettner Faces (felony). Trip I: Louisville It’s Feb. 8, 2016. Duke is 17-6, unranked, and playing 13th-ranked Louisville at Cameron. Up 44-36 midway through the second half, Allen—the game’s leading See ALLEN on Page 8

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

Duke dominates Rutgers ahead of Sunday test Cole Winton The Chronicle

The Blue Devils have gotten off to some slow starts this season against lesser opponents before exploding in the second quarter to take control. But Duke wasted no time asserting itself on the road against a 1-5 team in the ACC/Big Ten Challenge. The Blue Devils DUKE 68 jumped out to a 32 13-0 lead led by RUT three triples from Lexie Brown and Rebecca Greenwell on their way to a dominant 68-32 win against Rutgers at the Rutgers Athletic Center in Piscataway, N.J., Thursday evening. Duke ended up winning the opening period 24-5, then extended its lead to 26 by halftime by holding the Scarlet Knights to 20.0 percent shooting in the first half. Although they Blue Devils shot 55.8

percent from the field, Duke’s defense defined Thursday’s game. “We had a defensive personality today—doing a lot of different things [like] taking a charge, diving on the floor, some great blocked shots and deflections,” Blue Devil head coach Joanne P. McCallie said at the postgame press conference. “[I] loved our start in terms of moving the basketball and getting it to the right places.” McCallie’s squad frustrated Rutgers (1-6) with its length, taking the Scarlet Knights out of their offense and forcing them to settle for contested jump shots. Rutgers committed 19 turnovers and went just 3-of-15 from deep, giving Duke (8-1)more momentum on the defensive end to take into Sunday’s game against No. 3 South Carolina. After allowing Pepperdine to hit 11 3-pointers in their last game, the Blue Devil guards showed more See W. BASKETBALL on Page 9

Carolyn Chang | The Chronicle Sophomore guard Kyra Lambert and each of the Duke starters had at least eight points and four rebounds in Thursday’s rout.

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Blue Devils back in action against Maine Saturday Cade McCurdy The Chronicle The Blue Devils relied on six players to notch a high-profile win against Michigan State in the ACC/Big Ten Challenge Tuesday. On Saturday, they will hope to get some of their veterans some muchneeded rest before another high-profile Tuesday contest. No. 5 Duke will return to the court after its 78-69 win to play Maine Saturday Maine at 5:30 p.m. at vs. Cameron Indoor Stadium. Following No. 5 Duke the win against the Spartans, Blue Devil SATURDAY, 5:30 p.m. head coach Mike Cameron Indoor Stadium Krzyzewski reiterated that the team cannot practice with fivestar freshmen Jayson Tatum, Harry Giles and Marques Bolden still sitting out games due to leg injuries and junior AllAmerican Grayson Allen fighting through a toe injury. That means a team that was initially expected to have a deep bench is still relying on its veteran core entering December. Allen, senior Matt Jones and graduate student Amile Jefferson will once again look to lead the way against the Black Bears before taking on No. 24 Florida at Madison Square Garden. “Hopefully, we don’t have to play with six guys going down the road, because I

Jack White | The Chronicle Sophomore Chase Jeter provided big minutes off the bench in Tuesday’s game against Michigan State and could punish a smaller Maine frontcourt.

know the ACC is really tough. I know the next game we play is really tough,” Jones said after Tuesday’s game. “It definitely was a physical game—a little fatigue at the end.” Although Jones and company have had to deal with more time on the court than anticipated early in the season, the Blue Devils (7-1) have rolled to five consecutive wins thanks to their fourguard lineup. With sophomore Luke Kennard and freshman Frank Jackson joining Allen as the team’s leading

scorers early in the season, Duke has been able to take advantage of driving lanes and open jump shots to lead the nation in basketball statistician Ken Pomeroy’s adjusted offensive efficiency metric through eight games. The Blue Devils will look to notch their sixth straight victory with a win against a Maine team that has already allowed at least 80 points five times this season. The Black Bears (2-5) have struggled to start the season and will have have their hands full containing

Kennard and Jackson off the dribble. Against Michigan State, the duo did most of the damage during a gamedefining 11-0 run, and Jackson has scored in double figures in every game to start his freshman campaign. The Alpine, Utah, native’s explosiveness off the bounce and ability to stop on a dime for pull-up jumpers have made him a nightmare matchup for teams that try to contain Duke playing manto-man defense. “We have so much confidence in Frank. As a freshman, he’s played great for us so far, and he’s continuing to grow as a person and as a player,” Kennard said. “The whole team, Coach, all the coaches, we believe that he can make big plays for us, and we called a play for him and he just kind of took control there in that little spurt. He scored and he went right back to it, but he helped us a lot there in that spurt.” With Kennard leading the Blue Devils in scoring and Jefferson posting four doubledoubles in his last five games, Maine will likely look to get Duke’s starters in foul trouble to test the team’s depth. The Blue Devils only used sophomore big man Chase Jeter off the bench Tuesday, but have also played forwards Javin DeLaurier and Antonio Vrankovic in recent weeks to spell the starters. Junior guard Wesley Myers is the leading candidate to test Duke’s manto-man defense Saturday—the Niagara

See M. BASKETBALL on Page 9

FOOTBALL

Duke offense enters offseason searching for consistency Ben Feder The Chronicle Following Duke’s 4-8 season, The Chronicle is evaluating the Blue Devils’ offense, defense and special teams this week, starting with the offense today. Visit our website for our grades for Duke’s other units. Offense overall grade: BPass: Everything changed for the Blue Devils Aug. 26—one week before their first regular season matchup— when starting quarterback Thomas Sirk re-injured his Achilles tendon in practice, sidelining him for the season. Sirk’s injury forced Duke’s hand, as redshirt freshman quarterback Daniel Jones was slotted into the position, and the season opened with low expectations in the passing game, especially after losing key pass-catchers Max McCaffrey and Braxton Deaver to graduation. As expected, the first-year signal-caller was shaky early on—including a fiveinterception performance in a 34-20 loss to Virginia in Durham—but improved as the season progressed, finishing the year with only one interception in the last seven games. Sirk was not the only threat lost in the passing game, as senior wide receiver Anthony Nash missed the entire second half of the season with a broken

clavicle. At the time of the injury, Nash was Duke’s leading receiver and Jones’ favorite target on third down, using his 6-foot-5 frame to reel in passes over the middle of the field. In Nash’s absence, a few different players stepped up to help Jones continue growing into his role. Sophomore wideout T.J. Rahming had a strong finish to the season, with at least 100 receiving yards in each of Duke’s last three games, and tight ends Erich Schneider, Daniel Helm and Davis Koppenhaver all improved as well, with Koppenhaver catching the go-ahead touchdown in Duke’s 28-27 upset against then-No. 15 North Carolina. Despite his shaky start to the season, Jones cemented his status as the Blue Devils’ quarterback of the future, even with Sirk returning next season after being granted a medical redshirt. Jones also played behind a shaky offensive line that surrendered 31 sacks and had to manage a beleaguered offensive unit, but he still finished the season with a 62.8 completion percentage, 2,836 passing yards and 16 touchdowns with nine interceptions. Rush: After Sirk went down, the rushing attack was expected to shoulder the majority of the burden, putting Duke in favorable third-down scenarios to ease Jones into game action. With two preseason Doak Walker award watch list selections in Jela Duncan and Shaun

Juan Bermudez | The Chronicle Junior Shaun Wilson is one of several playmakers who will return around quarterback Daniel Jones next season.

Wilson, it was a fair assumption that the Blue Devils would lean on their run game to take pressure off of Jones. But the running back duo did not live up to the hype. Duncan was effective but was saddled with injuries throughout the season. The redshirt senior captain did not play against Virginia Oct. 1 before suffering a season-ending leg injury in the Blue Devils’ 38-35 loss against Georgia Tech Oct. 29. Still, Duncan was Duke’s best option when he was on the

field, averaging 5.1 yards per carry with six touchdowns. When Duncan went down, both Wilson and Jones received the majority of the carries, and they combined for more than 150 yards in three consecutive games against the Yellow Jackets, Virginia Tech and the Tar Heels. But they both struggled in the final two games of the season, especially after redshirt junior See FOOTBALL on Page 9

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ALLEN from page 6 scorer with 19 points—drives to the hoop, only to miss a contested layup and fall flat on his back. Louisville’s Spalding collects the rebound, then turns up court to start a fastbreak. Only, he doesn’t. As Spalding runs by Allen, the Duke sophomore looks up and extends his leg, clipping the top of the running forward on the top of his right foot. Gravity takes over, and a second later, Spalding joins Allen on the floor. Allen rightfully gets hit with a flagrant foul. It’s not the dirtiest move he’ll make all season, but it gets the haters talking. Pundits begin to speculate Allen’s intent. UPI calls it a dirty play. USA Today says he’s gone full villain. A narrative begins to form. DIRT RATING:

Trip II: Florida State Three weeks after getting tangled with Spalding, Allen strikes again—this time against Florida State. Duke, up 15 points, is running out the clock. Matt Jones has the ball near the sideline, and is trapped by two Florida State players. One steals the ball, and begins to charge toward the basket. He doesn’t get very far, but it’s his turn upcourt that sets this play in motion. Near halfcourt, Allen and Florida State’s Xavier Rathan-Mayes were locked in a chippy matchup. Throughout the last possession, both players exchanged blows, trading elbows and jockeying for position. With 3.4 seconds left, after seeing his teammate steal the ball, Rathan-Mayes starts to run up court. Allen kicks back his leg, and pulls it across Rathan-Mayes’s feet. Even the fans with obstructed views, watching the game through gaps in the rafters, can see this trip clearly. The game is essentially over. There’s no reason for Allen to do anything but let the play go on and walk off the court with, at worst, a 12-point victory. But he can’t help himself and now the bad-boy narrative is full blown. Allen is no longer a reckless player who got caught up in the heat of the moment in a close game against a ranked conference opponent. No, this was an act of malice in a game less than four

Jack White | The Chronicle Allen has become known for his aggressive playing style—he hits the deck multiple times per game diving for loose balls or attacking the basket.

seconds from the buzzer. Former Raleigh News & Observer reporter Laura Keeley covered Allen’s first two seasons in their entirety. The way she sees it, the foul (or in this case, lack thereof) was clear. “When he tripped Xavier Rathan-Mayes, I thought that was pretty indefensible and ridiculous,” Keeley said. “It was so blatant.… I would not have been surprised if the ACC would have come down with some type of one-game suspension.” Allen didn’t need to trip him. He didn’t even need to defend him. The game was over. And even though the nearest referee swallowed his whistle, this was the least defensible of Allen’s transgressions. He was later reprimanded by the ACC but didn’t face suspension. DIRT RATING:

Trip III: Yale By the second round of the NCAA tournament, Allen’s reputation is set. He’s the serial tripper plaguing the Eastern Seaboard. Against Yale, in Providence, R.I., Allen is a victim of his reputation. Just a few minutes into the game, Yale guard Makai Mason drives to the rim. As he starts his attack from the 3-point line, Allen pivots, and steps towards him. As Mason

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passes, he trips over Grayson’s planted foot, and stumbles to the ground. For any other player, this would be inadvertent contact. Just a normal defensive maneuver that resulted in a slip. But this is Grayson Allen we’re talking about. Coincidences never happen. Fans cried foul, but in truth, Allen’s only crime was being Grayson Allen. DIRT RATING:

So what’s the verdict? Is Grayson Allen a dirty player? Or is he just hyper aggressive? There’s a strong case to be made for the latter. Allen made his name fighting for loose balls in the 2015 national championship and doubled down on his rabid pursuit last season. During October’s Countdown to Craziness, Allen tried to get his hand on a pass near halfcourt, and dove into teammate Amile Jefferson’s knee, sending the big man to the floor. Was it a dirty play? No. But it showed Allen’s lack of control. This is a guy who hurls his 6-foot5, 202-pound body at anyone and anything that gets between him and a ball. For what it’s worth, Jefferson was fine, and told The Chronicle he was happy with Grayson’s aggressive play style. “I’m fortunate enough to have a player

WHAT’S YOUR

like that on my team and to go to war with him every game,” Jefferson said. Even if Allen is a dirty player, Keeley says he can probably get away with it. “As long as whatever he does doesn’t raise to the level of suspension or keeping him off the court, then I don’t really think, as far as a tangible practical sense that it really does matter,” Keeley said. “Ultimately, I think if Grayson Allen is not suspended and that he can play basketball, whatever he and his team is comfortable with is what’s going to go.” As long as Allen’s hyper-aggressive mindset isn’t directly hampering the team’s ability to win games, then it’s not a problem. It’s Duke’s edge. Our Rasheed Wallace quality in a better shade of blue. Allen took flack for avoiding a handshake with Oregon star Dillon Brooks after Duke’s Sweet 16 loss last March. As the final horn sounded, Brooks swarmed Allen, wrapping him in a hug, and pressing up against his face. Allen, understandably frustrated by the loss, didn’t take kindly to the affection, and pushed off. Should he have shaken Brooks’ hand? Of course. But refusing to react positively to an aggressive response after an emotional loss is understandable. We ask our athletes to give maximum effort into the games and expect them to brush off losses seconds after they happen. Allen’s pedal-to-themetal mentality makes that difficult, and that struggle led to this altercation. Grayson Allen isn’t a dirty player. He’s just reckless. And as long as his actions don’t earn him a place in the penalty box, opponents should be wary of getting between him and the ball.

Jack White | The Chronicle Allen led the Blue Devils to a 78-69 win against Michigan State Tuesday and made five 3-pointers.

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urgency on the perimeter against the Scarlet Knights. “We definitely take pride [in our defense],” Brown said. “The past couple of practices we’ve been focused on our defensive effort because you can control defense. It’s all about your effort and your hustle and your heart, and we brought that today. We’ve been working on that, so I was proud we were able to do that tonight.” Since their first loss of the season at Vanderbilt Nov. 20, the Blue Devils have won four straight games by at least 28 points. But although each Duke starter posted at least eight points Thursday, the Blue Devils committed 16 turnovers— the area that cost Duke against the Commodores. The Blue Devils will need to take better care of the ball Sunday without losing the ball movement that led to 15 assists on 24 buckets against Rutgers. Greenwell and Brown got Duke off to a hot start as the Blue Devils’ top two scorers have so often, but Duke’s other players got involved after that. Greenwell was the only player in double figures with 11 points, and freshman Leaonna Odom added seven points on 3-of-3 shooting off the bench. “This was our best balanced effort yet, and that’s really good,” Greenwell said. “It gives us confidence throughout the entire team, and we’re going to need that because [South Carolina is] going to have to watch out for everyone—not just two or three of us.”

Amrith Ramkumar and Sameer Pandhare transfer averages 12.7 points per contest contributed reporting. and shoots 40.0 percent from 3-point range. Freshman forward Anthony Fleming is the team’s main threat down from page 7 low with 10.7 points per contest and a 59.6-percent shooting clip, but the rookie could struggle against the savvy offensive lineman Gabe Brandner left veteran Jefferson at just 6-foot-7 and the Blue Devils’ 56-14 loss at Pittsburgh 222 pounds. with a broken ankle, as Duke had to rely One advantage Maine could have is on its passing game more than it would its depth. Twelve Black Bears average at have preferred this season. least 10 minutes per game, but Maine will have to find consistency to stay in X’s and O’s: Throughout the season, Saturday’s contest. first-year offensive coordinator Zac Even with Allen’s injury, the Blue Roper was relatively conservative in Devils know their trio of co-captains will his play calls, but he opened up the help them find their way when adversity playbook in victories against Notre hits—as it did Tuesday when players Dame and North Carolina. As the other than Allen combined to make season progressed, Roper’s confidence 2-of-15 3-pointers. But Jones, Allen and in Jones’ passing abilities showed, as Jefferson led Duke to yet another victory the first-year signal-caller attempted at and looked very much like three hungry least 30 passes in the last five games of veterans after their ups and downs early the season. in their respective careers. Because Duncan, Wilson and running “Matt and Amile have been in over 100 back Joseph Ajeigbe were not always games. Those three kids are on the court effective running the ball on first and and have won a national championship second down, Jones was forced into against Wisconsin. They’ve been in big-time many unfavorable passing situations, games,” Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski and to make matters worse, he lacked a said. “They’ve earned it. It’s not inherited true downfield target. wealth, let’s put it that way.” The lack of playmakers harmed the As Marist did in Duke’s regular- offense’s production, and the Blue season opener, Maine is expected to Devils finished the season ranked 112th protest North Carolina’s controversial in scoring offense, averaging only House Bill 2. USA Today reported 23.3 points per game. But despite the Thursday that the Black Bears will disappointing season, Jones proved his wear black warm- Sales mettle as Duke’s starting quarterback Theand Newrainbow-themed York Times Syndication Syndication Corporation Yorkthat Times Sales Corporation up shirts The to New protest the law that of the future, and will only continue to 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 For Information Call: 1-800-972-3550 limits protections LGBTQCall: people grow with a largely inexperienced group For for Information 1-800-972-3550 For Release Thursday, December 1,2016 2016 surrounding him. For Release Friday, December and requires transgender people to use of2,receivers

public bathrooms corresponding to the sex on their birth certificates.

FOOTBALL

Carolyn Chang | The Chronicle Leaonna Odom made all three of her shots Thursday and was the only Blue Devil to play at least 20 minutes without a turnover.

The Blue Devils dominated inside with a 40-24 edge in rebounding, which bodes well against a strong Gamecock frontcourt that has led South Carolina to three top-15 wins already this year. Duke will need forwards Oderah Chidom and Kendall Cooper to come up with a strong effort in its first game against a ranked opponent—something the Blue Devil frontcourt could not do against Vanderbilt. “I definitely wanted to go into Sunday with a win and playing solid basketball and team basketball, and I think we really got our posts involved tonight,” Brown said. “We’re going to need them on Sunday, so it’s good to get their confidence up a little bit, and we’re just going to have to get ready for Sunday in practice too.”

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Casting Castro

T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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eath, in general, is complicated to talk about and emotionally charged, but the death of controversial political figures can stir up even stronger feelings. In the wake of Fidel Castro’s death, we are faced with the same question we had when Antonin Scalia and Nancy Reagan died earlier this year: how do we talk about and remember highly politicized people after their passing? The recent election has magnified already heightened feelings of polarization and division, making finding a balanced analysis of a politician’s life nearly impossible. This is especially true for a person as polemic as Castro. In order to truly understand figures like the late Cuban leader, it is important to step back and contextualize his rule, taking a holistic approach to examining his life. Since the ‘50s, Castro’s portrait has been defined by political struggle, socialism and violent controversy. He rose to power in a tumultuous time in Cuba. The US-backed dictator-come-President of the country, Fulgencio Batista had suspended the constitution, was gutting popular institutions and was suppressing dissidents through torture and public executions. Castro, staunchly anticapitalist and anti-imperialist, spearheaded

onlinecomment “We don’t all have to eat the same foods, and we can each be proud of our ancestors, but we do have to have some things in common for our multiethnic society to work. Examples include speaking the same language, loving our country, not denigrating other ethnic groups or asking for preferential treatment on account of our own and respecting the rule of law.” — “rogerclegg,” responding to “Bullied, taunted and still proud,” published November 21, 2016

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an insurgency against him, overthrowing a government that an American analyst called, “a corrupt… open invitation to revolution.” While it is easy to cast Castro’s revolution as nothing but a power thirsty guerilla’s coup, it is intellectually dishonest to do so. Legacies are complicated and greatly determined by positionality. Castro will be remembered differently by poor farmers in Cuba who saw him drastically improve the literacy rate than he will

Editorial

by rich Cubans whose property he seized or by the political minority whom he in turn repressed. It would be silly to allow any one of those groups to completely define his legacy. Just like everyone else, political leaders are complex, multifaceted humans with both flaws and merits. The idea that some people are infallible and others are irredeemable monsters reinforces a false binary and constricts our ability to understand the place leaders have in history. For example, while President Obama will be remembered by Democrats in the U.S. for being the first African-American commander-in-chief as

well as for his liberal domestic policies, he might be remembered by families in Pakistan or Yemen as the face of a country that sent drone strikes to their villages. Even a character like Mother Teresa, who is colloquially used as a synonym for someone perfect and selfless, is criticized by some for her colonialist image and her philosophy of suffering. The views of white Cubans in the US who left the island in the 80s are vastly different than those of South Africans who saw Castro work with Nelson Mandela to end apartheid or the LGBT Cubans who were imprisoned at the beginning of the Cuban Revolution but saw a gradual shift towards equality over the next two decades. Where you come from and who you are have such a large impact in the ways you see the world; that’s crucial to keep in mind during discussions of figures like Castro. It is of course dishonest to speak of Castro and brush over the thousands or tens of thousands of innocent people whom he had murdered and imprisoned. The same Fidel Castro who was a revolutionary hero to many was a brutal executioner to others. Both must be remembered. While it is easy to reduce historical figures down to one facet of their character, it is harmful to honest discussion.

Postpone faculty vote on curriculum review

n Wednesday, roughly 40 representatives from a variety of majors in Trinity College of Arts and Sciences met with Sociology professor Suzanne Shanahan, Duke Student Government President Tara Bansal and DSG Chief of Staff Kushal Kadakia to discuss the curriculum review. I was nominated by the Psychology department to attend the meeting. Although I consider myself a very informed Duke student, this my first first in depth exposure to the proposed sweeping curricular changes, on which the faculty will vote in February. Throughout the hour-long meeting, I became increasingly concerned about the lack of student input regarding such drastic proposals as introducing a completely new curricular coding system, requiring students to fulfill distribution

review at several points over the last three years, most students are still entirely unaware of what the proposed changes would entail. Where was the email from President Brodhead? The opinion survey and published results? The well-publicized meeting? Wednesday’s hour-long meeting—which both started late and ended abruptly—included only a select group of students and was certainly not sufficient to gather meaningful feedback. Indeed, the purpose of the meeting seemed less to actually solicit opinions and more to encourage students to sing the praises of the new curriculum to our classmates. Furthermore, the committee does not seem to have sought opinions from alumni, who likely have valuable insight about which aspects of their own

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requirements before they declare a major, abolishing the foreign language requirement, instituting a required yearlong “Duke Experience” first year course and compelling all students to take part in a mentored scholarly experience. The committee is also considering allowing students to take up to six courses pass/fail. To their credit, the 12-member Curriculum Committee has attempted to seek student feedback at various points during the curriculum overhaul. Unfortunately, Committee Chair Suzanne Shanahan informed us that they primarily sought feedback from DSG, which is not representative of the academic and professional interests of the student body at large. Likewise, The Chronicle reported that although the committee held a number of town hall meetings last semester, only five to ten students attended any given meeting, implying that they were poorly publicized. It is certainly difficult to get Duke students to participate in a lengthy process like this, but these changes are too significant to not expend the effort necessary to involve students in the process. Yet despite The Chronicle’s coverage of the curriculum

Duke academic experiences were most rewarding. Alumni are perhaps the most valuable resource in considering these changes, as they are certainly better equipped than faculty and administrators to evaluate what elements of the Duke curriculum aided them in their future endeavors. This is not a value judgment on the proposals themselves. Rather, it is a serious call to include students and former students in the process of critiquing them, with enough time for suggestions to be implemented. Continuing without collecting diverse student and alumni feedback on the proposed changes is irresponsible. It is unclear what will happen after the faculty vote, but it is safe to assume that opportunities for student feedback will decrease significantly after such a vote, as the proposals move to the Academic Council and Board of Trustees for consideration. Postponing the vote is the only conscientious way to ensure widespread confidence in the new curriculum. Katie Becker is a Trinity senior. She was nominated by the psychology department to represent psychology and neuroscience at the curriculum review meeting on Nov. 30.

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FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2016 | 11

Hangman and ‘The Matrix’ A market like no other

omputer Science 101 is a class of more than 100 students, the largest lecture I’ve attended at this university. It meets in a large hall reminiscent of a movie theatre with tiered seats, a glass-windowed booth in back and plenty of those irritating flip-up armrest desks that aren’t quite large enough to securely balance a laptop. Never having taken a computer science course in the past, I was not sure what to expect when I enrolled last spring. I was more than pleasantly surprised. Despite that one group of rowdy freshmen who won’t get the hint and quiet down after the professor asks them for the fourth time, the lectures are interesting. More than just being useful, in fact, being able to code makes me feel cool. I can pretend to be some hacker, an international spy, perhaps, or even Neo

Jack Dolinar

“fun” option can’t just be “party hard on Friday and Saturday to forget about the struggles of college life”.) Since I started thinking about the amount of stress I’ve taken on in my life, I think I have come up with one possible treatment. I’m not saying I have the panacea for all of us overworked and under-appreciated worker bees, but there is something I’ve been doing more recently that seems to help. I’m going to be science-y and call it “remedial playfulness.” What does that mean? It’s more of a command than anything else. It means, “Have fun!” Not in a boozy or carousing sense, but as an everyday occurrence. There are ways to make any activity more diverting, amusing and playful. In high school I used to draw pictures on physics tests of whatever the word problem

MORE PERCENT EFFICIENT from the “Matrix” trilogy. Unfortunately, the variable that I didn’t factor into my calculations was the workload. Weekly assignments (read: “projects”) and problem sets (read: “smaller projects”) quickly rack up hours in the double-digits to complete. Getting everything done has proven to be quite stressful on occasion, and it was this effect that recently made me wonder about the impact stress was having on my life. Why are we so worried all the time? Or, as the Joker wondered in his own keen and disturbing way in Christopher Nolan’s “Dark Knight,” “Why so serious?” Even when we’re being productive, we feel as though there are mountains weighing down above us. Each of us is Atlas with a world of projects, papers and problem sets on our shoulders. It’s gotten to the point where even when I “relax” I have the constant nagging feeling at the back of my mind that I should be doing something useful instead. But just like the physical strain that wears us down until we stoop and bend and break, the mental and emotional strain of stress has an invisible influence on our lives. What is strain doing to me? More importantly, how do I fix it? There’s no use identifying the poison without also procuring an antidote. Our friendly, neighborhood WebMD article kindly informed me that “stress becomes negative (distress) when a person faces continuous challenges without relief or relaxation between challenges. As a result, the person becomes overworked and stress-related tension builds.” I think that that description sounds familiar to a lot of us. The author also noted, “Stress can play a part in problems such as headaches, high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes, skin conditions, asthma, arthritis, depression and anxiety.” Definitely something to avoid or ameliorate. Now, at this point many stress-reduction articles and essays I’ve read will detour down a specific path. “Meditate several times a day…” one frequent refrain goes, or, “just be present with your emotions until you begin to notice…” Those are viable strategies. I’ve tried meditation and it’s awesome and relaxing. “Being present” with your emotions and accepting them without judgement is a little trickier, but it can still be helpful. Nevertheless, there has to be an option somewhat more fun than sitting still for 20 minutes on your bed, all the while knowing that your roommate is staring at you wondering why you’re humming “ohmmmmm” over and over under your breath. (And no, the

his week, President-elect Trump released his choice for Health and Human Services secretary, Dr. Tom Price. Both Trump and Price favor “free market” healthcare reforms, such as expanding health savings accounts and creating individual tax credits for insurance. However, these “free market” policies fail to account for the ways in which the healthcare market is unique from any other market. Information asymmetry, a lack of cost and value transparency and the singular importance of the product mean that “free market” policies may not be an effective tools to drive change. At face value the Republican proposals make sense. Opening markets to competition can drive down prices and add value. Take for example, the airline industry. Years ago, flying was a fancy affair.

Lauren Groskaufmanis

sharing are more likely to avoid, skip or delay recommended care, and this is more likely among those with low incomes, poor health and at least one chronic condition. Furthermore, free market reforms only make sense if consumers can make an informed choice. Currently there are no comprehensive tools for evaluating the cost and quality of specific medical services. While some online tools provide insight into pricing, only savvy consumers are likely to use them. Developing comprehensive tools to improve cost transparency will be technically difficult and will require time and money to implement. It is currently incredibly difficult for a layperson evaluate the quality of one doctor or hospital over another. While Medicare publishes ratings for overall hospital quality, data for a particular providers and procedures is lacking. If your gallbladder needs to be removed should you

THE PICTURE OF HEALTH was describing. If “Bob was shooting a 30-kilogram cannonball from a cannon pointed at a 75 degree angle,” you had better believe that Mr. Fidler was going to chuckle as he graded and came across my enthusiastic (if not overly artistic) stickfigure drawing of Bob and his artillery piece in the margins. More recently, French professors have complimented my writing for taking “stylistic risks,” when I really was just messing around with words and cracking inside jokes. Think outside the box. Look at the requirements enforced upon you and then play around with them. One of my favorite authors and motivational personalities, Tim Ferris, wrote, “Ask for forgiveness, not permission…If it isn’t going to devastate those around you, try it and then justify it…Get good at being a troublemaker and saying sorry when you really screw up.” You’re not here to be boring, you’re here to be bold--to rattle the status quo and give your unique shine to everything you do. Another of my favorite self-help authors, Og Mandino, made a point that perfectly complements my rhetoric. “You may work grudgingly,” he declared, “or you may work gratefully; you may work as a human or you may work as an animal. Still, there is no work so rude that you may not exalt in it; no work so demeaning that you cannot breathe a soul into it; no work so dull that you may not enliven it.” All of this doesn’t mean there won’t be a lot of hard work ahead of you in the game of life. But it does mean that you can choose to turn a lot of meaningless drudgery on its head when you remember that life is indeed that, a game. Start playing, and you’ll see what I mean. My computer was dimmed down to save battery, but the lines of text still showed bold and bright on the screen. “Welcome, Neo, to the Hangman Game. You take the blue pill, the story ends. You wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. (b) You take the red pill, you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes. (r) Type (b) or (r).” High-fives and fist bumps all around in my Computer Science 101 study group. My basic “design-a-computerprogram-to-play-Hangman” project had just leveled up. Let the fun begin. Jack Dolinar is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “more percent efficient,” runs on alternate Fridays.

You got meals on domestic flights, could check enough bags to fill a bus, and enjoy a beer without having to pay $10. However, some people who just wanted to get from Durham to Phoenix as cheaply as possible. They were willing to fit an entire week’s worth of clothes into a carry on and accept legroom suited for a toddler in order to get where they needed to go. Introducing competition created a market that was more economically accessible. Trump’s and Price’s proposals aim to spur the type of competition that creates a Spirit Air—where consumer demand drives lower prices. Their proposals achieve this by shifting costs onto consumers, through increased cost sharing, to incentivize them to make financially savvy decisions. Insurance insulates individuals from the true cost of the services they use. You may pay $20 a month for a $100 medication, or pay a $25 copay for a doctor visit that actually costs $150. I’ve had a patient ask to “add a vitamin D test to my labs, since I don’t pay for it.” Of course, consumers do pay for these services, in the form of rising premiums, but the link between individual actions and systemic costs is not always apparent. In theory, increased cost sharing is the equivalent of the $50 checked bag fee. The fee means that people have an incentive to pack lighter and planes use less fuel, you only pay for the extra bag if you need it and everyone has a lower base ticket price. Since about 10-30 percent of the care in the U.S. is unnecessary or wasted care, cutting back on excess could have a major impact on national healthcare expenditures. However, we don’t want people to cut back on all healthcare services. We want people to use fewer low value services— unnecessary imaging, unnecessary specialist visits, expensive drugs with uncertain superiority—but use more high value services: screening tests, chronic disease management, effective contraception. Patients with diabetes, for example, should have regular visits with a primary care provider to ensure adequate disease control in order to avoid costly complications (the average cost for hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication, is over $10,000). Shifting the cost burden to patients creates an incentive to skimp on both necessary and unnecessary care. Patients who have a high degree of cost

head to the local community hospital or spring for a trip to a university hospital? Right now, it’s hard to say. Most importantly, we’ve tried these ‘free market’ reforms before, without success. There are several parts of Medicaid; Part D is the program that pays for prescription drugs and was enacted by George W. Bush. The government does not directly ensure patients, instead, private insurance companies create plans that seniors can buy (with the government picking up 75 percent of the tab). Ideally, private companies would compete to create valuable and inexpensive plan to attract the business of seniors. However, studies show that seniors have incredible difficulty evaluating the dozens of plans, and on average spend $368 more annually than they would have spent had they purchased the cheapest plan that met their needs. To be clear, they’re not getting a benefit from paying more—consumers just struggle to identify the lowest cost option that meets their needs. The fundamental assumption of free market interventions—that consumers will identify, select and purchase the highest value services— was discredited by data from Part D. It is also naïve to conflate healthcare with a typical product that a consumer buys. We’re talking about something a lot more important than a flight ticket for spring break. These services can profoundly impact quality and duration of life. The emotionality of purchasing decisions distorts the healthcare market from the rational market described in traditional economics. Some cancer drugs cost over $100,000—yet when the alternative is a more rapid death, patients are willing to pay the price. The U.S. healthcare market is subject to much less government intervention than peer industrialized nations. However, compared to our peers, healthcare costs more, we have lower quality of care, we simply don’t live as long and we spend a lot more money. The relative laxity of our government intervention has not ushered in an era of low cost and high quality care. It is unlikely that new “free market” reforms will have any better success. Lauren Groskaufmanis is a graduate student in the school of medicine. Her column, “The Picture of Health,” runs on alternate Fridays.

Interested in contributing to campus dialogue? Submit a guest column to jackson.prince@duke.edu.

12 | FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2016

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A Fracked Gas Power Plant at Duke University? The accelerating climate crisis requires leadership – not an expansion of fossil fuels.

• The proposed Duke Energy power plant would increase campus greenhouse emissions by 61%. • It would increase local air pollution, barely improve campus power reliability and perpetuate the climate-destructive fracking boom. • Methane leaking and venting from US natural gas operations is making the climate crisis rapidly worse. It’s likely a key factor in the record-breaking, three-year global heat wave. • A large excess of regional power means the plant would unnecessarily boost rates for all Duke Energy customers. • The University has many clean energy options, including huge solar power potential at prices lower than it’s now paying for electricity. See NC WARN’s report on an alternate path for Duke University: bit.ly/2eSvrbV.

Building People Power for Climate & Energy Justice

Take Action! Urge Duke University President Richard Brodhead to reject Duke Energy’s expansion of climate-wrecking fracked gas on campuses. Tell him to join Stanford and others using climate-protective energy solutions: President@duke.edu. President Brodhead, we need your leadership to help avert runaway climate chaos.

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