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ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH YEAR, ISSUE 103

‘They keep DSG in check’

DSG Judiciary works to settle student group disputes on campus Shayal Vashisth The Chronicle The Duke Student Government Judiciary is looking to play a bigger role in settling disputes on campus. Any organization or person affiliated with DSG, as well as groups registered through the Student Organization Funding Committee and the University Center for Activities and Events, are within the Judiciary’s jurisdiction. The Judiciary has only handled one case since 2014, but justices said they hope to see the Judiciary’s presence on campus increase so students can settle disputes within student organizations. “They keep DSG in check,” wrote DSG Attorney General Annie Adair, a junior, in an email. “Many rules in the bylaws have been changed because people sue DSG in court and parts of the bylaws were ruled unconstitutional. It’s comforting to know that there’s a final authority in order to ensure fairness and transparency throughout any and all processes.” As one of the three branches of DSG, the seven-member judiciary reviews decisions made by the Senate and other student organizations to make sure they comply with DSG’s bylaws, Constitution and Bill of Rights. Larger cases involving student conduct or academic dishonesty are handled by administrative bodies such as the Undergraduate Conduct Board and the University Judicial Board, instead of the Judiciary. “For students who have issues with the way DSG does something or the way a student organization does something, the Judiciary is a really valuable resource for them in terms of making sure that their rights aren’t being violated,” said Chief Justice Dana Raphael, a

Darbi Griffith | The Chronicle The DSG Judiciary consists of Chief Justice Dana Raphael and six other justices, who ensure that DSG’s decisions comply with its bylaws.

junior and columnist for The Chronicle. To make a claim to the Judiciary, students have to fill out an automated Google form. Raphael reviews the case with the other justices, and if the other justices unanimously agree, the Judiciary can issue a decision without hearing the case. However, this type of decision is rare, Raphael said. Case hearings are held in the DSG office and are open to the public. Usually, the Judiciary

delivers decisions on the same day, but some deliberations take longer for more complex cases, Raphael explained. Adair wrote that the Judiciary has the final word of authority, giving them the potential to impact students on campus. This year, the only case the Judiciary has tried, Geng v. Adair, involved SOFC chair candidate Gwen Geng’s use of the official SOFC email address to distribute campaign materials.

The Judiciary’s ruling upheld Adair’s decision to deduct 300 votes from Geng, which led to overturning the initial election result in favor of junior Alexa Soren. The Judiciary has been active in the past in interpreting election guidelines. The 2013 case Dinner and Wang v. Board of Elections was about the use of ePrint and other See DSG JUDICIARY on Page 4

Duke clinical trial under scrutiny in drug case Vir Patel The Chronicle

Special to the Chronicle Patients claim to have been hurt by a drug first tested at the Duke Clinical Research Institute.

Researchers at Duke have been accused of withholding clinical data used to evaluate the blood thinner drug Xarelto. The accusations are part of a lawsuit brought by patients who claim to have been hurt by the drug rivaroxaban—known by its brand name Xarelto, a blood thinner first tested at the Duke Clinical Research Institute in a 2011 clinical trial known as the ROCKET AF trial. Pharmaceutical companies Bayer and Johnson & Johnson supported the trials of Xarelto and are the defendants in the lawsuit. The original 2011 clinical trial—published in the New England Journal of Medicine and headed by Dr. Manesh Patel, member of the DCRI and associate professor of medicine,

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and Dr. Robert Califf, founding director of the DCRI and current commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration—found Xarelto to be more effective than the standard prescription of warfarin in reducing the likelihood of ischemic strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation, or abnormal heart rhythms. The validity of the study, however, was called into question in 2014 when pharmaceutical sponsors Bayer and Johnson & Johnson revealed that the INRatio blood monitoring devices used to evaluate the effectiveness of the drugs studied in the ROCKET AF trial were not functioning properly. Dr. Christopher Granger, a professor of medicine at the Duke University Medical Center and member of the DCRI, explained that the INRatio device may have underestimated warfarin’s efficacy and therefore might have caused warfarin to be given at a higher dose in certain populations. That may have led

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researchers to unknowingly conclude that Xarelto was the more effective blood-thinning agent in the trial. The prosecuting legal team behind the Xarelto lawsuit alleges that these inaccuracies could have compromised the findings of the study. In order to determine whether the faulty INRatio device truly did impact the results, Patel, Anne Hellkamp, a senior biostatistician at the DCRI, and Dr. Keith Fox, a professor of cardiology at the University of Edinburgh, submitted a letter in February to the NEJM with a re-analysis of the ROCKET AF trial data, concluding that the incorrect blood monitoring data did not impact the study’s conclusions. According to a report in The New York Times, however, some in the medical community have questioned the techniques See CLINICAL TRIAL on Page 4

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DUSDAC considers new Asian fusion food truck Vir Patel The Chronicle Duke University Student Dining Advisory Committee discussed adding CJ’s Street Food to its food truck rotation at its meeting Monday. CJ’s Street Food—which specializes in Korean barbecue and Asian fusion— serves tacos, burritos and rice bowls. Mark Thomas, the owner of the truck, said that the menu was designed for serving customers quickly during peak business times. “We can turn around food extremely quickly,” Thomas said. “I built the menu for speed and volume. We’re built for the line to be down the block and be

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2 | TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016

able to handle it. I think we’ve come into a great balance of managing volume and quality at the same time.” Reactions among DUSDAC committee members were mixed following Thomas’ presentation of the truck and its offerings. Most committee members agreed that the costs of the food truck were reasonable for its portions. Several members also added that CJ’s Street Food seemed to be a very dependable option. Ultimately, however, the committee was unsure about how the truck could enhance current Duke offerings because the Mixed Korean Truck already serves Korean options. See DUSDAC on Page 3

Sanjeev Dasgupta | The Chronicle DUSDAC members discussed adding CJ’s Street Food to the food truck rotation Monday.

Duke researchers discover antibody to fight HIV Rohan Kothari The Chronicle Duke researchers have discovered an antibody that could help develop an HIV vaccine. In a study published March 3, a group of scientists from the Duke Human Vaccine Institute described the findings of their ongoing investigation of HIV. The researchers—led by Dr. Barton Haynes, director of the DHVI and Frederic M. Hanes professor of medicine, professor of immunology and research professor of global health—identified an antibody that has the ability to neutralize HIV, providing a possible stepping stone for work in developing a vaccine.

“One of the most spectacular possibilities that comes out of this kind of work is that we actually get antibodies which themselves are reagents, are drugs, are molecules that we can grow up and use as drugs to prevent disease by infusing it into people,” Haynes said. The findings came about partly through the study of a single HIV patient who had been diagnosed very early in the virus’ infection cycle. Haynes and approximately 30 other researchers took trips to Africa for 11 years in order to study the effects of different antibodies on HIV. On one trip, the researchers found a patient who exhibited “extremely broad neutralizing antibodies,” Haynes explained. After See HIV on Page 3

Photo Courtesy of Wiklmedia Commons The antibody researchers found prevents HIV from attaching to cells in the immune system.

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Weisenfeld named new dean of humanities Staff Reports The Chronicle

author of two books and is currently writing a third. Weisenfeld holds M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton University in addition to a B.A. from Wesleyan University. “I have tremendous admiration for my dedicated colleagues and that inspires me to invest in the humanities at Duke,” Weisenfeld said in the release. “It is an honor to become an advocate and facilitator for this rich community of scholars.”

Gennifer Weisenfeld, professor in the department of art, art history and visual studies, has been appointed dean of the humanities in the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences. Weisenfeld will begin her position July 1 and will serve through June 2019. She succeeds Richard Powell, who is also the John Spencer Bassett professor of art and art history. Powell completes his two-year term as dean in June. “Gennifer is an accomplished scholar and an experienced administrator,” Dean of Trinity Valerie Ashby said Tuesday in a Duke Today release. “She is naturally a big picture thinker with deep roots in the humanities and this makes her such an excellent choice to represent the humanities departments.” Weisenfeld has worked in the art, art history and visual studies department at Duke since 1998, and she has previously served as the department’s director of graduate studies for six years. She has also been a member of the executive committees for the graduate faculty and the Asian/Pacific Studies Institute. Known for cross-disciplinary research on modern and contemporary Japanese art history, design and visual culture, Weisenfeld released a book in 2012 entitled “Imaging Disaster: Tokyo and the Visual Culture of Japan’s Great Special to The Chronicle Earthquake of 1923” that examines Art professor Gennifer Weisenfeld will take visual culture in Japan. She is the over as dean of humanities July 1.

TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016 | 3

DUSDAC from page 2

HIV from page 2

“I think that CJ’s Street Food is a really good option,” said DUSDAC committee member Nelson Winrow, a junior. “They have really good pricing and were really quick with how they got their food out. I was a little bit concerned with how they will fit in with the rest of campus especially with the food truck rodeo tomorrow.” Thomas added that his truck has taken care to avoid potential allergens such as peanut oil and has recently switched to corn tortillas to provide gluten-free options.

discovering this, they were able to isolate that particular antibody. “Now that we know what happened and why it happened, we now know what we need to recreate for the vaccine,” Haynes said. Currently, creating a vaccine that can act effectively against HIV is difficult because the virus can mutate rapidly once inside the human body. The newly discovered antibody, however, has the ability to imitate CD4 cells, which are also called T-helper cells and are main components of the immune system that are directly targeted by HIV. Haynes explained that the antibody can protect the immune system from malignant viruses by preventing them from attaching to cells. “This antibody has the same shape as the receptor CD4, and it slides into the piece of the virus that normally the CD4 receptor on our cells would fit into as we’re being infected and blocks that infection event,” he said. A number of methods were used to extract the antibody from the patient’s cells, including a system designed by the study’s co-author Dr. Mattia Bonsignori, assistant professor of medicine and member of the DHVI. The system he developed used robotic screening to discover four rare antibodies located in the 30,000 cells that were tested. “It’s a lovely way of picking a needle out of a haystack and finding antibodies that are very, very important,” Haynes noted. Haynes added that the next step toward creating a vaccine is conducting trials that incorporate the new antibody. He said that his team plans to test the antibodies in mice that have been modified to have elements of the human immune system.

In other business: Six food trucks will serve samples of their most popular fare at the Bryan Center surface lot from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesday as part of the annual food truck rodeo. Students who registered for the event will be given 10 ticket vouchers worth one dollar each to spend at the rodeo and will later be asked to provide feedback for the trucks using a survey. The rodeo was originally scheduled to take place Friday before the Old Duke concert but was postponed because of difficulties securing a location. Last year’s event attracted more than 1,000 students. Duke Dining Services is currently considering an 8 p.m. start time for Merchants-on-Points delivery options next year. However, exceptions might be made for East and Central Campus because of the lack of convenient latenight options. Prior to the renovations of the West Union, MOPs were considered a late night delivery option and their hours of operation began once most on-campus eateries had closed.

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DSG JUDICIARY from page 1

In addition to hearing cases, the Judiciary also swears in new members of DSG. Individual justices may consult with students seeking interpretation for a case they are considering filing. similar resources, which do not technically cost money, to produce During elections, the justices also respond to inquiries from campaign materials. Ultimately, the case eased restrictions on how students confused about procedure and bylaws. candidates run for office, and Raphael said it was the biggest case Raphael attributed the lack of cases filed to students either not the Judiciary has ever ruled on. being aware of the Judiciary or trying to resolve the matter without “DSG assigned a dollar amount to those materials, even though initiating a lawsuit. For next year, the Judiciary’s goal is to raise its they didn’t cost money, because you only get a certain amount profile on campus, primarily through adding a more informative of money to run each campaign,” Raphael said. “It was a bit of a page to the DSG website, she said. technical case, but it essentially ruled that students do have some “We’re hoping that students will recognize that we are a level of freedom in running for office.” resource they can utilize and if they have an issue, they’re more Within DSG, the Judiciary is the least active branch, especially than welcome to bring it forward,” Raphael said. when compared to the Senate’s weekly meetings and separate committee meetings, Raphael said, despite its importance as a method of recourse for students. Members of the Judiciary are not from page 1 permitted to declare public support for DSG candidates, in order to maintain neutrality. “That backseat role is really important so that students have used in the re-analysis, claiming that the authors of the letter faith in us if they do end up coming to us,” Raphael said. “We’re essentially had to guess which patients might have been tested not a politicized body. We’re a body that makes sure that the through the malfunctioning INRatio devices. decisions DSG makes respect students’ rights.” The report claims that researchers said comparing the

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The Chronicle faulty device’s data with blood test results taken 12 and 24 weeks after the trial began would have been a more effective method of determining which patients were impacted by the INRatio device. When asked in February about the clinical utility of the 12and 24-week blood data by a reporter from The New York Times, Jeffrey Drazen, editor-in-chief of The New England Journal of Medicine, responded that he was unaware such data existed. These factors have led lawyers representing the plaintiffs of the Xarelto case to suggest that the letter’s authors attempted to deceive the journal’s editorial team. In The New York Times, Drazen maintained that the data was not relevant to the published letter and thus its omission was not an act of deception. Patel and Hellkamp declined to comment for this article. Susan Landis, head of strategic communications at the DCRI, however, responded with a statement on their behalf. She wrote in an email that the DCRI ultimately did not feel the 12- and 24-week blood data was relevant for the re-analysis in question. “I think we need to clarify the reason for the analysis, as no steps would be taken in this situation because scientific misconduct is not the issue here, and no one is asserting otherwise,” she wrote. “The ROCKET AF Executive Committee continues to discuss additional analysis of the trial data, including the blood data taken at 12 and 24 weeks and, as is our practice as an academic institution, we will make any analysis public.” Granger was involved in a similar study published in 2011 that compared the effectiveness of the drug apixaban against warfarin. He said that this ongoing debate might be over-stressing the clinical importance of the faulty INRatio blood readings. “The bottom line is that from everything we know, compared to all of the challenges that we have in doing large trials, this particular issue of [the INRatio measurements] is not relevant to the interpretation of the results of this trial,” he said. He added that critics may have felt that artificially low readings would result in prescribing too much warfarin in certain patients and might have resulted in more patients bleeding in the warfarin portion of the study, which would have made Xarelto look safer than it really is. “That actually turned out not to be the case. If anything it was the opposite,” Granger said. “In populations where there might have been a problem, warfarin looked safer, which would be totally inconsistent with the hypothesis that’s being raised. There are lots of other issues that are critically important, but this is not one of them.” According to The New York Times, the plaintiffs’ lawyers have also suggested that the pharmaceutical sponsors Bayer and Johnson & Johnson may have played a role in recent events. Last fall, Bayer submitted an analysis, which included the 12- and 24week blood data, to the European Medicines Agency that used a similar approach to the NEJM letter submitted by the scientists from Duke and Edinburgh. This information has also been submitted to regulators in the United States. After investigating the clinical trial, the EMA released a report containing its own analysis, which was in agreement with the notion that the INRatio data did not significantly impact the study’s results and stated that there was “sufficient evidence to conclude that the benefit/risk balance remains unchanged and favourable for treatment with rivaroxaban.” According to Digital Journal, however, the FDA has noted that the EMA committee that re-evaluated the clinical data was partially composed of DCRI members, which some claim to be a conflict of interest. Stephen George, Duke professor emeritus of biostatistics and bioinformatics and editorial board member of the Journal for the Society of Clinical Trials, explained that omitting less crucial data is often necessary to maintain brevity when presenting clinical research to academic journals. “It’s a judgment issue on what data you find important and what’s not,” he noted. “To say that every piece of data that’s collected in a clinical trial has to be reported in some way just doesn’t make sense. It’s not possible or even relevant to put everything in a paper.” George added that although journals may not receive the full data from a trial, regulators such as the FDA can request access to almost any part of a study’s resultant data. Trial sponsors and companies typically consult with the FDA when designing a study to determine what data the FDA would like to analyze, he explained. Granger said that he felt the biggest issue currently is that many patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke are often not being treated with any type of anticoagulant such as warfarin and rivaroxaban. Granger added that although rivaroxaban and three newer drugs have been shown to be more effective in reducing complications, it is most important that patients take some type of medication. “[Many of us] are in this interesting situation where we’re not just doing research that’s funded by pharmaceutical companies and the government and foundations, but we’re also applying those results in treating people in the Duke community, so it’s a very important perspective on how we should be interpreting results and applying treatments,” Granger said. “But the most important thing is to have patients treated with something to prevent stroke. So many people are not being treated with anything.”

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TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016 | 5

Students color the quad in Holi celebration

Victor Ye | The Chronicle In celebration of Holi, a Hindu religious celebration known as the festival of colors, students sprayed each other with colored powder in Clocktower Quadrangle Sunday.

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THE BLUE ZONE

COOK NAMED NBA D-LEAGUE ROOKIE OF THE YEAR sports.chronicleblogs.com

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WOMEN’S TENNIS

COLUMN

ONE LAST TIME AT AMBLER It was all Beatrice Capra set to close out home career against N.C. State Tuesday but over Ali Wells

Haley Carter of North Carolina and No. 3 Danielle Collins of Virginia—and will look for her first win against a top 25 player this season. With Capra back on court one, Scholl will likely return to her usual spot on court three, bumping sophomore Samantha Harris to the No. 4 spot, where Harris has been almost perfect for the Blue Devils—

With 4:42 remaining in the national championship game April 4, it was all but over. Villanova had pulled ahead by 10 points and North Carolina seemed to be spiraling out of control, unable to buy a bucket or catch a break. But a 7-0 run in less than a minute brought the Tar Heels back, leaving fans on the edge of their seats for the final stretch of the college basketball season. As the clock ticked down, it seemed like the most poetic ending for one of the sport’s most respected seniors. The roller-coaster ride that was Marcus Paige’s career in Chapel Hill was nearly smoothed by the most improbable shot from the right wing. The guard slid past his defender and with a second-guessed, double-clutch shot, sent NRG Stadium into a state of pandemonium—the game was tied at 74 with 4.7 seconds left and North Carolina was poised to roll into overtime atop a wave of momentum for its sixth national title. But everyone learned a valuable lesson in the game’s remaining

See W. TENNIS on Page 7

See COLUMN on Page 8

The Chronicle With their conference slate quickly coming to a close, the Blue Devils’ lone senior will play in front of a home crowd one last time. Beatrice Capra will look to lead No. 8 Duke past N.C. State Tuesday at 3 p.m. in her final home match as the Blue Devils aim to secure a top-four seed and a two-day bye in N.C. the ACC tournament. State The squad’s top vs. singles player only No. 8 competed in doubles Duke action in Saturday’s TUESDAY, 3 p.m. 6-1 win against Boston Ambler Tennis Stadium College, watching from the stands as Chalena Scholl took her spot on the top court. “We want to keep getting better and keep making sure that our emotional level is high,” Duke head coach Jamie Ashworth said. “With three matches in a week and the ACC tournament next week, we’re just trying to get people opportunities to rest. But [Capra] will definitely be out there Senior Day.” In Wednesday’s contest against 11thranked Michigan, No. 25 Capra faced the longest match of the day for the deciding point in the team score. As she and No. 16 Ronit Yurovsky entered the third set and third hour of their match, the rest of the Blue Devil squad stood on the sidelines with

Seth Johnson

Carolyn Chang | Chronicle File Photo Capra and No. 8 Duke are hoping to clinch a top-four seed in the ACC tournament by winning their final three matches of the regular season this week.

their matches finished. The Ellicott City, Md., native claimed the first set but could not hold off Yurovsky for the upset, falling 4-6, 7-6 (7-4), 6-3. Duke (16-4, 9-2 in the ACC) will need its star player back in full force after Sunday’s rest in singles Tuesday when she takes on No. 38 Martina Frantova, who holds the top singles spot for the Wolfpack. Frantova has faced a tough stretch of ranked opponents in conference play—including top-ranked

BASEBALL

Duke looks to continue momentum against Davidson, N.C. Central Brian Pollack The Chronicle The Blue Devils are playing some of their best baseball of the season right now, but they have little time to rest on their laurels. Fresh off a series victory against thenNo. 21 Clemson this weekend—its Duke second straight ACC vs. series win against a ranked opponent— Davidson Duke heads back to the diamond for TUESDAY, 6 p.m. a pair of midweek Wilson Field contests. The Blue N.C. Devils will first travel Central to take on Davidson vs. at 6 p.m. Tuesday at Wilson Field before Duke returning home to WEDNESDAY, 6 p.m. host fellow Durham Durham Bulls Athletic Park resident N.C. Central at 6 p.m. Wednesday at the Durham Bulls

Athletic Park. Duke has played back-to-back midweek games just once this season and ended that week 4-1, but this time around will have the added challenge of a looming three-game set this weekend with No. 1 Miami. “It’s a challenge any time of year, but I think it’s more of a challenge when you have conference [play] on either side,” Duke head coach Chris Pollard said. “Early in the year, we had nonconference [play] on either side. Theoretically, no game is more important than any other because it’s nonconference. Now you have conference weekends sandwiched on either side, and we have Miami coming to town.” The Blue Devils (17-15) have already squared off once with the Wildcats (1814) this season, cruising to a 9-2 victory March 1 in their first go-round with two midweek games. Duke rode the right arm of graduate student Kellen Urbon—who yielded just a single hit in seven shutout See BASEBALL on Page 9

Henry Yu | Chronicle File Photo Graduate student Kellen Urbon tossed seven shutout innings while surrendering just one hit in Duke’s March 1 victory against Davidson. The teams square off again Tuesday.

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TOWERVIEW PREVIEW

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X’s, O’s and Hashtags Ryan Hoerger The Chronicle Editor’s Note: This month’s Towerview magazine comes out Thursday and features a look at how the recruiting landscape has changed across college athletics. See below for an excerpt from the piece, “X’s, O’s and Hashtags,” and look for the full story on stands Thursday. David Cutcliffe is rarely cryptic—he’ll give an honest, thoughtful response to nearly any question you throw at him. But when it comes to recruiting, Duke’s head football coach has to be intentionally vague, so as to avoid the wrath of the NCAA. That doesn’t mean he doesn’t leave clues. If you were to scroll through Cutcliffe’s Twitter page, you’d see some inspirational quotes, photos of former players returning to Durham and yes, a video snippet of Pharrell’s concert during the build-up to Super Bowl 50. But keep scrolling, and you’re bound to come across the same phrase several times: Bang Bang. And whenever you see that, Cutcliffe has told you all you need to know: Duke just secured another commitment. “We can’t make reference to that specific recruit, but it’s a way to let our fan base know, and a way to let other recruits that we’re recruiting that ‘Bang Bang’, we just added another member to Duke Gang,” cornerbacks coach Derek Jones said. “Duke Gang” has become the rallying

Chronicle File Photo Head coach David Cutcliffe and his staff use Twitter extensively during the recruiting process.

cry for the Blue Devil football program, embraced by players, coaches and fans alike as Cutcliffe and Co. have slowly but surely turned the program around. And for a 61-year-old who claims to be “not that good at tweeting,” Cutcliffe has turned “Bang Bang” into something of a personal trademark. “Marketing and branding can either have substance or not have substance, so we’re all drawn to things that are marketed and branded well,” Cutcliffe said at his signing day press conference in February. For Blue Devils across all sports and athletic programs across the country, that brand is increasingly being built on social media, the tool that is shaping the constantly evolving world of college recruiting, 140 characters at a time.

TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016 | 7 TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016 | 7

W. TENNIS from page 6

except for a loss in straight sets to Courtney Colton in Duke’s 4-0 loss to then-No.1 Vanderbilt in the ITA Indoor National Championships. Like Capra, freshman Kaitlyn McCarthy was still feeling the effects of the match against the Wolverines in Sunday’s match against the Eagles. But despite lingering pain in her knee, the Cary, N.C., native controlled the points and quickly dispatched Lexi Borr 6-0, 6-2 to lead all players off the court. McCarthy will look for similar results against N.C. State’s Joanna Nalborska on court two. Led by the No. 19 pair of Capra and freshman Ellyse Hamlin, Duke will try to get off to a strong start by clinching the doubles point for the fifth consecutive match. Ashworth’s squad has claimed the team victory after putting the first point up on the board in all but one contest—Wednesday’s loss to Michigan. The Wolfpack have claimed the doubles point once in their last four matches as their top duo of Frantova and Tayla Stenta have failed to post a winning record in conference play. N.C. State (12-9, 4-8) has lost three straight conference matches, including a 4-3 upset defeat at home to Florida State. The Wolfpack rebounded from a 5-0 loss to Miami Saturday to defeat Winthrop 6-1 the same day, but will have little opportunity to rest before taking on their in-state opponents. N.C. State has come away with the victory against the Blue Devils only once in the teams’ 56 meetings to date. The dual with the Wolfpack will mark

Duke’s third match in six days, but the Blue Devils will not have much time to catch their breath before hitting the road to take on Georgia Tech Friday and Clemson Sunday. Duke will also be attempting to overcome fatigue in the final stretch of ACC play. With No. 2 North Carolina all but guaranteed the top seed for the four-day ACC tournament starting April 20, three two-loss squads— Miami, Georgia Tech and the Blue Devils— will aim to clinch the remaining double-bye spots in the bracket this week. “One of the biggest things for us would be being in the top four and not having to play four straight days in the conference tournament,” Ashworth said. “That’s something that’s within our control and we have to do that this week. Tuesday, Friday and Sunday are all big in that regard for us.” Brian Pollack contributed reporting.

Carolyn Chang | Chronicle File Photo Sophomore Samantha Harris has lost just one match all year at the No. 4 spot in the lineup.

Look who’s graduating! Only 32 more days, Class of 2016.

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8 | TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016

COLUMN from page 6

Lily Coad | Chronicle File Photo Marcus Paige and his teammates were stunned by Kris Jenkins’ buzzer-beating 3-pointer to win the national championship.

moments—don’t assume anything and never sleep on the Wildcats. It wasn’t quite as miraculous as Christian Laettner’s shot to beat Kentucky in 1992, but Villanova forward Kris Jenkins took a trailing pass from teammate Ryan Arcidiacono at the right wing and pulled up from downtown. As the ball floated through the air, the backboard lit up and the buzzer sounded. Moments later, the net was left shaking in the wake of the ball’s path. The Wildcats had won 77-74, with Jenkins stabbing a dagger through the heart of Tar Heel nation. In that span of 4.7 seconds between 3-pointers, sports reiterated just how exhilarating and cruel they can be at the same time—the sequence truly embodied the joy of victory and the agony of defeat.

Forever Learning. Forever Duke.

Spotlight Speakers

Friday, April 15 | Page Auditorium 2:00 – 3:30 PM | “The Secret Game”

Author Scott Ellsworth A.M.’77, Ph.D.’82 discusses his book about the first interracial college basketball game in the South and leads a panel discussion on the role sports play in social change. Panelists Include: Ken Dennard ’81, Duke Men’s Basketball Team 1977-1981 Nate James ’01, Assistant Coach, Duke Men’s Basketball Nina King, Deputy Director of Athletics/Administration, Legal Affairs and Chief of Staff

a triumphant look at how basketball has broken down barriers, and helped create a new kind of America. Every citizen needs to know this story – and to know it now. – Mike Krzyzewski Head Coach of Duke Men’s Basketball

4:00 – 5:30 PM

With a mission to prepare the next generation of strategists by studying decisions from the past and interacting with current leaders, American Grand Strategy at Duke is an interdisciplinary initiative that examines today’s global challenges and opportunities. Join program director Peter Feaver for a discussion with two distinguished guests on America’s role in the world – past, present, and future.

alumni.duke.edu/forever-learning dukereunions.com

Professor Peter Feaver, Director, American Grand Strategy Program at Duke

Denis McDonough

General (Ret.) Martin Dempsey, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Spotlight Speakers events are open to the entire Duke community. Seating is first come, first served.

The Chronicle But it also reminded me of something else about sports—nothing is ever improbable. When Bill Simmons wrote “The Book of Basketball” in 2009 he made one of his more uncontroversial claims. “I can’t imagine anyone finishing [an NBA] season with fewer than 10 losses. It’s too improbable,” he wrote. In a tweet Sunday night, even Simmons had to admit that he had made a miscalculation. That miscalculation was the Golden State Warriors. With a 92-86 victory against the San Antonio Spurs on the road—the first win in San Antonio for the Warriors since 1997, when Tim Duncan still played for Wake Forest and Stephen Curry was just eight years old—Golden State tied the 199596 Chicago Bulls record of 72 wins in a season and snapped the Spurs’ 2015-16 undefeated home record. Now the Warriors have one game left Wednesday against the Memphis Grizzlies, a team that has been no match for Golden State this season. The Warriors toppled the Grizzlies on the road Saturday night and boast a 3-0 record against them this year, including a 50-point drubbing Nov. 2. Without Mike Conley or Marc Gasol in the lineup due to injuries, it seems that the 73rd win is very much within reach. Did I mention the game is in Oracle Arena? So much for improbable, right Bill Simmons? And don’t even get me started on this year’s Masters. For most of the weekend, it seemed like Jordan Spieth had the green jacket gifted to him for the second straight year and no one could stop him from leaving Augusta as the first back-to-back champion since Tiger Woods in 2001-02. After four consecutive birdies to close the front nine, Spieth made the turn at seven-under-par, leaving few doubts that he would make it happen once again with a fiveshot lead. But after back-to-back bogeys, two dips in Rae’s Creek and a quadruple bogey on No. 12, Spieth’s Masters hopes were dashed. Although no one would question how impressive a title and two runner-up finishes in a span of three years at the world’s most prestigious golf event, the epic collapse that gave Englishman Danny Willett his first green jacket had shades of Greg Norman’s 1996 Masters collapse written all over it. With his final-round 67, Willett became the first European player to win the Masters since 1999. It was improbable. It was shocking. No one saw it coming. But maybe this is why we should all respect the games that we love. As someone stuck in a daily routine, I appreciate the nuance and unpredictability of sports. Did it ruin my bracket when 15th-seeded Middle Tennessee State toppled second-seeded Michigan State? Of course, but the sheer shock of the upsets and Cinderella runs keep me coming back for more year after year. As Hall of Fame Kentucky head coach Adolph Rupp once said, “That’s why we play the game.” Ask our friends from across the pond. Did anyone suspect that Leicester City would seize the English Premier League title for the first time in history? Not with 5,000-1 odds they didn’t. But during the weekend, the Foxes secured a place in the UEFA Champions League next season and maintained their seven-point lead atop the table with a little more than a month remaining. And just for context, those 5,000-1 odds are the same as the odds that Elvis is still alive—that is why we play the game. So for as much talk as there is about knowing what is next or something being a sure victory, do not be so quick to judge. Ask North Carolina, Spieth or the Spartans—they won’t think anything is a sure bet. That is why we play the game. That is why we come back day in and day out, week after week. Sports are shocking, exhilarating and often improbable, but that’s what makes them great. If it were not for sports, what else would bring us such delight and agony all in one whirlwind of emotions?

The Chronicle

www.dukechroniclesports.com www.dukechronicle.com

BASEBALL from page 6

in single-inning stints—meaning Pollard should have a full arsenal of arms to trot out to the mound this week. The Eagles (17-18) are in the same boat as Duke, and are playing the first of their two midweek games against Presbyterian Tuesday night. With both sides playing their second game in as many days with possibly beleaguered bullpens, Wednesday’s game could easily turn into a slugfest—especially considering N.C. Central’s 6.47 team ERA. The Eagles, though, are well-equipped for a high-scoring affair and counter their weak pitching with an explosive offense that scores more than six runs per game and features five regulars batting better than .300. The Blue Devils have come a long way after going through an extended rut early in conference play, and will need to sustain their momentum in the midweek as the top-ranked Hurricanes await them this weekend. Pollard said he finally feels as if his team is embracing the right mentality and has grown tremendously from its earlyseason woes. “As I’ve talked a lot with our guys, confidence doesn’t come from things going your way or doing well. Confidence comes from struggling and overcoming those struggles, and learning how to overcome those struggles. I think we’re a team now that has real confidence,” Pollard said. “Early in the year, we won some ballgames, but we weren’t battle-tested yet. We hadn’t faced struggles and now that we’ve faced that, we’ve kind of worked our way through the other side of it. This is a truly confident team right now that’s expecting good things to happen.”

innings—and three hits off the bat of freshman Griffin Conine to jump out to a 5-0 first-inning lead. Things will be much different this time around, though, as Conine has taken a seat on the bench recently with sophomore Justin Bellinger stepping into the lineup and providing an offensive spark. Bellinger went 1-for-4 with a run and an RBI in the first meeting with the Wildcats, and now leads the Blue Devils in batting average, onbase percentage and slugging percentage with a .367/.475/.531 triple-slash line. Davidson has excelled at home this season, posting a 15-7 record on its home turf. Pollard said he will have to mix and match on the mound and that he doubts any one hurler will toss more than three innings, meaning Duke will need more than just Urbon to silence a potent Wildcat offense that is averaging 5.6 runs per contest. “Honest answer is I have no clue right now [what the pitching rotation will be]. We’ll have to sort of see how guys feel tomorrow, and then we’ll come up with a plan from there,” Pollard said. “It’ll be some combination of a full-staff effort. We won’t have one starter who will just extend. We’ll have to run different guys in there.” Pollard’s bullpen got a reprieve Sunday thanks to Brian McAfee’s 108-pitch complete game effort against the Tigers, so all of his relievers will be working on at least two days of rest come Tuesday. Urbon threw 60 pitches in 4 2/3 innings of relief in Saturday’s game, but the other members sudoku_529B of the Blue Devil bullpen all saw action

David Rieder contributed reporting.

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Crossword ACROSS 1 Unable to escape 8 Double helix parts 15 Cuckoo, from the Yiddish 16 Hard work 17 Something to check if the lights go out 18 Tree whose berries flavor gin 19 Memorable hurricane of 2011 20 Disneyland locale, briefly 21 Rebellious Turner 22 Lay out plates, silverware, napkins, etc. 28 Princess in “Frozen” 30 ___ shark 31 Cabbage for miso soup? 32 Where Samsung is headquartered 34 Cut out (for)

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53 An eagle beats it

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12 40 winks 13 Game cube 14 Camera inits.

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54 Fracking material

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62 Cafeteria worker’s wear

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45 53

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26 Wolfish look

40 Certain bachelor, in personal ads

51 Like a beaver

27 Crusty bread slice

43 Archipelago parts 52 Destiny

29 Sparkling wine region

Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 7,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year). Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay. Crosswords for young solvers: nytimes.com/studentcrosswords.

25 Tiny memory unit

33 Word found in “time on end,” appropriately

60 Like the Beatles, in 1960s lingo 61 Bookmarked thing

T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

“

Vote Wayne, Wailes Tuesday

n yesterday’s editorial, we endorsed candidates for three vice presidential positions in Duke Student Government. Services The services committee oversees an odd mélange of campus institutions including aspects of Duke Dining, Parking and Transportation Services, The Office of Information Technology, Counseling and Psychological Services and Student Health. The vice president of services sits on top of the committee, helping individual senators implement improvements to those institutions. Of the candidates, we strongly endorse sophomore Moses Wayne. In his platform, Wayne put forth practical, inclusive ideas that are innovative in a fashion atypical of the standard DSG member. He demonstrated a high level of conscientiousness about unresolved problems that plague many students on campus. His authenticity is apparent in the excellent work he has done in increasing service accessibility for students of low socioeconomic status. We were impressed by his openness to new ideas and his ability to give them traction against the bureaucracy of DSG. Turning to the other candidates, we appreciated the attention paid by Shivani Shah to the need for improvement of the first-year meal plan, but felt that

Wayne offered an overall better package as a candidate. Our feelings were similar with regards to freshman Will Hardee. Although he brought up salient subjects, we felt that Wayne showed more experience and forethought. We were unimpressed by Courtney Scoufis’s, director of Fix My Campus, headline proposal for a subsidized Uber service. Although the proposal is flashy, a subsidized Uber service would be redundant on our campus considering the extant safe ride services at Duke.

Editorial Social Culture For vice president of social culture, we cautiously endorse Shelby Wailes, a third-year senator responsible for the creation of the Project Arts program. Wailes presented herself as a leader passionate about the Duke community and we hope to see her attitude inspire senators in her committee. We appreciated the focus on long-term policy reform of sophomore Kayla Thompson, but were unable to discern goals of the reforms beyond more flexible alcohol policies. We were ultimately disappointed by the failure of all candidates to account for the range of Duke’s student body. While they revelled in discussion of

“Stop with the nonsense.... ‘Living wage’ can’t be defined... Every time it is raised. The cost of living increases for the person receiving it so it is the proverbial dog chasing its own tail.” — “Fed Up” commenting on the April 11 column “The decision to be silent”

LETTERS POLICY The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address. Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns. The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

”

Direct submissions to: E-mail: chronicleletters@duke.edu Editorial Page Department The Chronicle Box 90858, Durham, NC 27708 Phone: (919) 684-2663 Fax: (919) 684-4696

The Chronicle

Inc. 1993

AMRITH RAMKUMAR, Editor RYAN HOERGER, Sports Editor RACHEL CHASON, Co-News Editor RYAN ZHANG, Co-News Editor GAUTAM HATHI, Digital Content Director STEPHANIE WU, Office Manager CAROLYN CHANG, Photography Editor TOM VOSBURGH, Editorial Page Editor LEONARD GIARRANO, Editorial Board Chair MICHAEL LAI, Director Of Online Development

CHRISSY BECK, General Manager CLAIRE BALLENTINE, University Editor SARAH KERMAN, Local & National Editor ABIGAIL XIE, Health & Science Editor LILY COAD, Sports Photography Editor ELIZABETH DJINIS, Recess Managing Editor BARAK BIBLIN, Editorial Page Managing Editor EMMA BACCELLIERI, Towerview Editor MATTHEW ROCK, Towerview Photography Editor ALEENA KAREDIYA, Special Projects Editor SOPHIE TURNER, Special Projects Photography Editor MICHELLE MENCHACA, Recruitment Chair SAMANTHA NEAL, Senior News Reporter MEGAN HAVEN, Advertising Director MARY WEAVER, Operations Manager

ALEX GRIFFITH, University Editor NEELESH MOORTHY, Local & National Editor SANJEEV DASGUPTA, News Photography Editor GEORGIA PARKE, Recess Editor JESÚS HIDALGO, Recess Photography Editor BRIAN POLLACK, Sports Managing Editor NICK MARTIN, Towerview Editor THU NGUYEN, Towerview Creative Director CARLEIGH STIEHM, Senior Editor RITA LO, Graphic Design Editor DANI LAZARUS, Recruitment Chair ADAM BEYER, Senior News Reporter GRACE WANG, Senior News Reporter JULIE MOORE, Creative Director

The Chronicle is published by the Duke Student Publishing Company, Inc., a non-profit corporation independent of Duke University. The opinions expressed in this newspaper are not necessarily those of Duke University, its students, faculty, staff, administration or trustees. Unsigned editorials represent the majority view of the editorial board. Columns, letters and cartoons represent the views of the authors. To reach the Editorial Office at 301 Flowers Building, call 684-2663 or fax 684-4696. To reach the Business Office at 1517 Hull Avenue call 684-3811. To reach the Advertising Office at 2022 Campus Drive call 684-3811. One copy per person; additional copies may be purchased for .25 at The Chronicle Business office at the address above. @ 2016 Duke Student Publishing Company

plans for concerts and DevilsGate, they displayed a less nuanced understanding of what more introverted students needed. Furthermore, they were silent on issues dealing directly with the health of campus culture. As is evident in posts from the “You’re Not Alone” Facebook page, many Duke students feel they lack genuine relationships. Students ought to consider whether the vice president of social culture is responsible for bringing to light and addressing such issues. In the future, we hope to see the social culture committee focus equally on creating traditions and campus programming and policies that are inclusive for all. Not unlike student governments at other universities, DSG is continually thought of as ineffective or regarded with apathy. More often, as president-elect Tara Bansal has said, “the dominant narrative is that ‘DSG doesn’t do anything.’” In this election and next year, we urge students to reflect on what true solutions look like and to vote for candidates who stand for improving DSG along with the student experience. Tanner Lockhead and Michael Norwalk were unable to attend endorsement meetings for vice presidents of Durham and regional affairs and facilities and environment, respectively. Both are unopposed. A full list of Board Members who recused themselves from endorsements can be found online.

Preserve DSG funding for Chanticleer

onlinecomment

Est. 1905

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com commentary

10 | TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016

earbooks documenting seniors’ student years have been distributed free for more than a century at Duke. Now the Chanticleer’s funding—and therefore its future— is in jeopardy. Until last year, every senior got a free yearbook that was funded by the student activities fee. For the first time last year, seniors had to pay for $85 for a yearbook that was only partially subsidized. When it was no longer free, the number of books

experience. It’s about YOUR Duke experience, your struggles, your successes, your joys and even your frustrations. It’s about painting up and making signs and cheering our basketball team to another National Championship. It’s about remembering the walk to Blue Zone with the knowledge that there will be no legal parking spaces left when you return. It’s about the plaza finally opening, the movements for a better campus and the late nights in Perkins

Meghan Fox GUEST COLUMN printed dropped dramatically, raising the cost and price per book. The number of yearbooks distributed plummeted from 1,500 in 2014 to fewer than 500 in 2015. On April 12 and 13, DSG is offering the student body the opportunity to vote on a referendum for “all-or-nothing” funding. Either every senior will get a free yearbook funded by the student activities fee, or The Chanticleer will receive no funding from DSG. Without funding, each student will have to choose whether or not to pay $120 for a yearbook every year. Regardless of the outcome, this vote will not cause an increase in the current student activities fee. In the full-funding scenario, $14 of each student’s annual student activities fee would fund the yearbooks for the senior class, with each senior paying a total of $56 over the course of four years at Duke for their yearbook. Non-seniors could choose to purchase a yearbook any given year for $56 each. However, without yearbook funding, the $14 per student that would have funded The Chanticleer would instead go to fund other campus programs and activities. Charging for the book to interested students shifts the cost of yearbooks from the student activities fee directly to the students. As your yearbook editor, I believe the product is worth that price. However, under this plan, it becomes less about capturing the Duke experience for the entire senior class and more about providing a luxury good for those willing and able to pay. Eliminating DSG funding would limit access to the yearbook to only those who could afford it. By definition, the yearbook includes everything on campus and should therefore be available to everyone on campus. The yearbook should not be exclusive. The yearbook is about OUR Duke

finishing another paper or problem set (or both). Every senior should have these memories on paper. I love social media, but you’re not going to pull out your iPhone 56 to show your grandkids blurry pictures of your college days. You might not even have remembered to take those pictures in the first place because you were having too much fun in the front row of the Sean Kingston concert and all you took were Snapchat videos. Even if you don’t need it NOW, odds are that you’re going to want that crisp, printed photo in the yearbook of your sorority, dance group or tenting buddies when you’re looking back 30 years from now. The yearbook is tangible history, and I want you to have it. I want us ALL to have it. Seniors, you’ve already paid your dues. Your fees are in and you have nothing to lose except a free yearbook. I want you to have this yearbook because I’ve done my best to make sure that every highlight of your senior year so far has been documented. (Plus, if you sat for a free portrait this year, your headshot is automatically in it.) Juniors, we’ve got a year left, and I want to remember it with you. Sophomores and firstyears, you might not even realize yet that the best times (and photos) are ahead. Don’t let them slip away unnoticed. The choice is up to you when the Chanticleer referendum comes to a vote this week. I hope the results reflect a student body that has thought long and hard about how they want to remember their Duke experience, because that experience is short, but the memories—and the yearbook— can last a lifetime. Meghan Fox is a Pratt junior and Editor-in-Chief of The Chanticleer.

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com commentary

The heard (and the herd)

ast week, the voices of those who do not or cannot speak were upheld and preserved; the Supreme Court denied a challenge against “one person, one vote.” (I recently familiarized myself with the fundamental principles behind this catchy, patriotic phrase and the implications of protecting it in the April 4 Supreme Court case. Here’s a quick rundown: The one-person, one-vote idea stems from the noble philosophy that

people are represented. Last week, nine students in the Allen Building held such a practice: a more formal, directly effective power. And yet, as a community, we did not hear all voices, we did not honor all perspectives, and we did not represent all people. We didn’t reflect upon potent philosophy of “one person, one vote.” Worse, we have no excuse for failing to do so. Duke is, and isn’t, a microcosm of the U.S. We face similar experiences and hold similar conversations to

Immigration and the welfare state

ne of the issues at the forefront of this year’s election has been immigration policy. While the very unique political stances of the candidates have been and will continue to be tested against individual values and beliefs, I am more interested in weighing the effects of immigration, particularly illegal immigration, on the U.S. Federal Budget. This piece does not intend to support or attack any ideologies,

Jackson Prince

Ajay Desai

PARENTHETICALS

DENARII & EAGLES

everyone—those who vote and those who do not—should be represented within their government, since all people have the right to government services, according to Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Jurisdictions have been required to demarcate legislative districts based on total population, a figure that factors in registered voters, unregistered voters and ineligible voters, in order to fairly allocate seats of Congress and state legislatures to various communities. A lower court in Texas challenged this basic democratic principle, as certain conservative groups saw their votes diluted by non-voters in other districts. They hoped that that the power of the vote could be returned to these districts by using solely the total number of eligible voters as the basis for defining district lines. The Supreme Court—even though its eight votes could have been potentially deadlocked—saw this as an attempt to undermine the representation of all Americans in their government, and unanimously shot down the lower court’s decision. Perhaps we, at Duke, overlooked this case due to the fact that a ruling upheld by the Supreme Court rarely draws mass attention. Perhaps because it was just a hectic, noisy week. But we must recognize the pervasive impact that the reinforced and re-mandated protection of “one person, one vote” has upon us as Americans and as students of Duke University. The United States, like many countries, has obstacles embedded within the processes of voter registration and voting itself. The Elections Performance Index released by The PEW Center On The States indicates there are inconsistencies in rejections of voter registrations and similar variations in absentee-ballot complications, voting information availability and voting wait-time. However, this nation is built upon the principle that all people deserve to be represented, and thus heard, in their government. In the U.S., “one person, one vote” is the solution to maintaining democracy in a flawed voting system; according to this notion, a person’s vote is representative of their children, their undocumented housekeeper and their non-voting neighbors who make their own political statement by blasting Bob Marley and flying a pirate flag over their house. In essence, “one person, one vote” strengthens the voices of those who choose not to—or are unable to—make their voices heard at the ballot box. It protects a mainstay of democracy: the notion that although certain individuals hold more formal, directly effective power due to the nature of placing an official vote, all voices can be heard, all perspectives might be honored and all

those within our country, due to our “dual allegiance” to both Duke and the United States. Yet, Duke has a significant advantage, differentiating its fabric from that of the broader country. While it is almost impossible in the United States for each and every American to have the opportunity to be heard in a formalized, respected and influential voice in the larger societal conversation, it is surprisingly easy to do so at Duke. Indeed, some might say that there are too many means by which a Duke community member can go about sharing their individual perspectives and broadcasting their voices to the masses. On any given day, there’s always somebody saying something here, whether it be in the form of an informational table on the plaza, a political watch-party in an East Campus common room, a club meeting in the Duke Gardens, a provocative musical in Reynolds Theater or, yes, a fiery protest—or sit-in—on the quad. All of these voices are heard without exception. Everyone at Duke who wants to speak their mind…can. Here, we have the chance for each and every person to be represented. All voices are audible on this campus. However, last week, and in many of the on-campus conversations in the past, the rest of the Duke community has not taken advantage of the opportunity. Those who have spoken with a personal and narrow focus have failed to represent their peers, or—worse yet—to welcome other voices, and those who have been “unspoken” have failed to pursue the formation of a meaningful dialogue, or have given in to the inclination toward apathy. As a whole, “one person, one vote” has been diluted at Duke, not by some rogue lower-court ruling, but by a disconnect to our own voices, and to the voices of others. Where I see hope is in the main reason I chose to attend Duke at this time a year ago. At Duke, opportunities abound. It is an imposing institution, yet built into it are myriad paths toward making a footprint, attaining a significant voice, creating success. We must look to what the Supreme Court has upheld in “one person, one vote,” and we must improve. As individuals and as a community, we must seek out the opportunities to represent the diverse voices that comprise this campus, and we must listen and respond to each other, in order to have a conversation. There’s no excuse not to, as there are more than enough ways to be heard at Duke. The application to be a fall columnist for The Chronicle is due on Sunday. Just saying.)

TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016 | 11

but rather attempts to explore the effects of illegal immigration on issues surrounding the federal budget. To evaluate the effects of illegal immigration on the budget, it is first important to understand its composition. Its two largest components of the budget are Social Security and Medicare, which account for around half of all federal spending. Both of these entitlement programs are in the red for future payment obligations and, if any serious attempts at cutting deficit spending are to be made, dramatic overhauls for both of these programs will be necessary. However, there is reason to believe that without unauthorized immigrants these programs would be far more distressed than they currently are. This is because, generally, in order for unauthorized immigrants to obtain employment in the United States, many acquire fake Social Security cards. Fake Social Security numbers clock in as pure earnings in government spreadsheets because the deductions that come off of the paychecks of these unauthorized cardholders need not cover their future benefits. Why? Well, one can’t make a claim on a fake Social Security number. The Social Security Administration has estimated that 75 percent of unauthorized immigrants are actually on formal payrolls using Social Security numbers that are fraudulent or belonging to deceased people. This implies many things: for one, unauthorized immigrants are paying payroll and income taxes; two, they are paying into programs from which they will never collect benefits on; and three, as unauthorized taxpayers they are not likely to qualify for any income credits or tax refunds. It has been estimated that without all of the payments on invalid Social Security numbers, the program would be 10 percent deeper into the hole than it is already projected to be in over the next 65 years. Many arguments against illegal immigration cite the opportunity for unauthorized immigrants to take advantage of the relatively robust American welfare state, but, according to TIME, the literature on this topic is inconclusive and, in my opinion, exceedingly confusing when one considers that the primary demographic profiting from American benefit programs are the elderly and not the poor. Even so, most unauthorized immigrants do not qualify for food stamps, welfare payments or unemployment insurance. Truly, it seems that the value in the work of unauthorized immigrants lies in the fact that they do not qualify for all of the various benefits and entitlements Jackson Prince is a Trinity freshman. His normally provided to American workers. column runs on alternate Tuesdays. So, essentially, there are a handful

of deficit-alleviating components to illegal immigration for the U.S, though this probably wouldn’t be a fair reason to suggest its proliferation. Still, it appears that unauthorized immigrants pretty much represent the only lowincome group of people contributing positively to the U.S. Federal Budget due to the fact that they do not qualify for tax returns or benefits. Even so, the argument still stands that lawful

immigrants also provide many similar deficit-alleviating benefits (notably an increase in the taxpayer base), and that their dedication to lawfully entering the country is undermined by illegal immigration. Laxer immigration policies have previously been considered as a means of ameliorating the budget because of the potential net benefits that an influx of legal immigrants might have on soonto-be-broken government programs like Social Security and Medicare. Essentially, increased immigration would provide “an artificial generation of young adults,” as the late Ben Wattenberg of PBS once said in 1995, to pay into some of the programs currently in jeopardy. This would almost certainly improve our current situation with the rising retirement and healthcare costs of the baby boomers underway. Although there are many costs associated with immigration, it may be true that its benefits would be accentuated in today’s economy since the ratio of working to retired persons is going off kilter. Of course, this outlook assumes that our labor market is healthy enough to accommodate these workers at which point this becomes an entirely different discussion. Regardless, increases in the taxpayer base provided by immigrants are undoubtedly plusses in the government books, though the plusses might net out to a nominal sum. The scope of the information I presented here is very limited, and is meant merely to provide information, not to draw any conclusions. The immigration question is complicated, and we cannot count on its solution to relieve our budget difficulties. There are many different policy suggestions that have considered the information presented here, and many other avenues that can be explored. It is also important to understand that there is another major economic result of immigration not directly captured in the federal budget: labor market changes. However, the immigration debate should not solely be one of assuming economics. In the midst of the refugee crises, it is difficult to consider policies through a fiscal lens when human lives might be at stake. The conditions of immigration have massive impacts on individual human lives; therefore, American immigration policy must consider implications far beyond the dollar. While the calculator is undeniably an important tool in policy formation, we must also look to the ideals of justice and liberty, historical patterns, morality, culture and the law before jumping to any conclusions. Ajay Desai is a Trinity freshman. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

12 | TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 2016

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com

Duke Symphony Orchestra Henry Davidson, music director

April 12-18 EXHIBITIONS

with Talya Lieberman, soprano

MFA|EDA 2016: Thesis Exhibition. Works from the MFA|EDA Class of 2016. At the Power Plant Gallery and other Duke and Durham venues, mfaeda2016.org. Thru April 24, 2016. A Material Legacy. The Nancy A. Nasher and David J. Haemisegger Collection of Contemporary Art, Nasher Museum of Art. Thru June 26, 2016. Reality of My Surroundings: The Contemporary Collection, demonstrating the museum’s ongoing commitment to collecting contemporary work by global artists, with a focus on artists of African descent. The Nasher Museum of Art. Thru July 10, 2016. The New Galleries: A Collection Come to Light. Thru September 18, 2016. Odili Donald Odita. Two large-scale murals by visiting artist and abstract painter Odili Donald Odita have been commissioned by the Nasher Museum; one is at Duke and one is in downtown Durham. Thru October 1, 2017.

EVENTS

April 12 Capoeira Residency: Workshop in capoeira, music and maculelê (stickfighting dance). Mestre Cabello from Bahia, Brazil, leads this workshop. 2-4:30pm, Hull Ave Studio. Free and open to the public. Afro-Atlantic Sacred Epistemologies: Movement Workshop. Dance workshop by Jamaican dancer and choreographer Yanique Hume as part of the Africa in Circum-Atlantic Perspective: Feminist Performance Routes series. 4:40pm, Ark Dance Studio. Free and open to the public. Roundtable Discussion with 4 Women Dance Artists of the African Diaspora. A panel discussion with 4 women dance artists, Lénablou, Rujeko Dumbutshena, Yanique Hume, Jessi Knight. 7pm, Smith Warehouse, Bay 4, C105. Free and open to the public. April 13 Duke Symphony Orchestra with Talya Lieberman, soprano and Jenny Li, violin. Harry Davidson, music dir. Fauré: Pelléas et Mélisande, Suite Op. 8; Górecki: Symphony No. 3, Op. 36; Copland: Billy the Kid (ballet suite); and featuring 2015-16 Student Concerto Competition winner Jingwei (Jenny) Li, playing the Brahms Violin Concerto. 8pm, Baldwin Auditorium. Free. Dance Workshop with Jessi Knight. Dancer/choreographer Jessi Knight, will offer a dance workshop as part of the Africa in Circum-Atlantic Perspective: Feminist Performance Routes series. 3pm, Ark Dance Studio. Free and open to the public. Zimbabwean Dance with Rujeko Dumbutshena. Dance workshop by Zimbabwean dancer Rujeko Dumbutshena as part of the Africa in CircumAtlantic Perspective: Feminist Performance Routes series. 6:15pm, Ark Dance Studio. Free and open to the public. April 14 Bob: A Life In Five Acts. Peter Nachtrieb’s rowdy and thought-provoking road-trip comedy, directed by Ellen Hemphill for Duke Theater Studies. 8pm, Sheafer Theater, Bryan Center, West Campus. $10 Gen. Public; $5 Students/Sr. Citizens. Artist Talk: A Material Legacy. Greensboro native Elliott Hundley, Marshall N. Price, curator of A Material Legacy, and Peter Burian, professor emeritus of Classical and Comparative Literature at Duke. 6pm, Nasher Museum of Art. Capoeira Residency: Workshop in capoeira, music and maculelê (stickfighting dance). Mestre Cabello from Bahia, Brazil, leads this workshop. 2-4:30pm, Hull Ave Studio. Free and open to the public. (DDP) April 15

Duke Jazz Ensemble. John Brown, dir., with guest artist John Fedchock, trombone. 8pm, Baldwin Auditorium. $10 Gen. Public; $5 Sr. Citizens; Students Free. MFA|EDA 2016 Thesis Exhibition Third Friday. The 2016 MFA Thesis Exhibition continues with a Third Friday reception, and more events through April 24 at several venues. 5pm, Power Plant Gallery. Free. Bob: A Life In Five Acts. (See April 14) April 16 Ciompi Quartet 50th Anniversary Concert with Edgar Meyer, bass. Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 in G Major featuring Duke alumni v musicians; Edgar Meyer: String Quintet; Dvorák: String Quintet No. 2 in G Major, Op. 77. Presented by Duke Performances. 2pm, Baldwin Auditorium. $25 Gen Public; $15 30 & under; $10 Duke Students. Bob: A Life In Five Acts. (See April 14) April 17 Bob: A Life In Five Acts. (See April 14) 2pm.

SCREEN/SOCIETY

All events are free and open to the general public. Unless otherwise noted, screenings are at 7pm in the Richard White Lecture Hall, East Campus. (G) = Griffith Film Theater, Bryan Center. All events subject to change – for details, updates, and additions, see: ami.duke.edu/screensociety April 12 Mountains May Depart Cine-East [China] April 13 Wings of Desire (G) AMI Showcase—Existentialist Cinema April 18 Monsoon (G) Cine-East [India]

Fauré: Pelléas et Mélisande Górecki: Symphony No. 3 Copland: Billy the Kid (ballet suite) Featuring Student Concerto Competition winner Jenny Li, playing the Brahms Violin Concerto

Wednesday, April 13 8 pm Baldwin Auditorium Free Admission. Info: 919-660-3333 or music.duke.edu This message is brought to you by the Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies, Center for Documentary Studies, Chapel Music, Duke Dance Program, Duke Music Department, Master of Fine Arts in Experimental & Documentary Arts, Nasher Museum of Art, Screen/Society, Department of Theater Studies with support from the Office of the Vice Provost for the Arts.